牛津英语中考考点之一宾语从句讲解及练习

牛津英语中考考点之一宾语从句讲解及练习

‎ 宾语从句 一、 ‎ 考点、热点回顾 （一） 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.‎ ‎1．We’re not sure _________there’ll be _________or not tomorrow．‎ ‎ A．if；rains B．if；rainy C．whether；rain D．whether；raining ‎2. I am not sure _____ he will come here. ______ he comes here, please let me know.‎ ‎ A. that, When B. that, If C. if, Whether D. whether, When ‎3. __________or not we’re successful, we can’t be sure that we did our best.‎ ‎ A. If B. Whether C. That D. Though ‎4．We are not sure ___________it will rain or not tomorrow．‎ ‎ A．that B．if C．weather D．whether ‎5. He asked ________________________.‎ ‎ A. where did they have the meeting B. how they get to the museum ‎ C. if they had finished their work D. what they are doing in the room ‎6. I wonder ___________ from Beijing next week.‎ A. whether will Tim return B. whether Tim will return C. if will Tim return D. if Tim returns ‎3 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. （二）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. （三）宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 如： I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway ‎ station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.‎ 直接引语与间接引语 引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。‎ 直接引语变间接引语：‎ ‎1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say, tell, ask, beg等）‎ ‎①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。‎ She said, “My brother wants to go shopping with me.”‎ She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.‎ ‎②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。‎ He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”‎ He asked to Kate how her sister was then.‎ ‎③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。‎ Mr. Smith said, “Jack (he) is a good student.” →Mr. Smith said Jack (he) was a good boy.‎ ‎2、变时态 主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：‎ 一般现在时变为一般过去时, 现在进行时变为过去进行时, 一般将来时变为过去将来时 现在完成时变为过去完成时, 一般过去时变为过去完成时, 过去完成时仍为过去完成时 过去进行时仍为过去进行时 ‎ 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：‎ ‎　　　 直接引语　　　　　　　　 　　　　　间接引语 ‎　 　　today　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 that day ‎　 　　now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　then, at that moment ‎　 　　yesterday　　　　　　　 　　　　　 the day before ‎　 　　the day before yesterday　　　 　 　two days before ‎　 　　tomorrow　　　　　　　 　　　 the next day /the following day ‎　 　　the day after tomorrow　　 　　 　 two days after, / in two days ‎　　next week/ month etc　　　　 　　　 the next week/month etc ‎　　 　last week/ month etc　　　　 　　　 the week / month etc. before ‎　　 　here　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 there ‎　　 　this　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 that ‎　　 　these　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　those ‎　　 　come　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　go ‎　　 　bring　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　take ‎ 以下情况时态不变 主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时 He says, “I cleaned the room.” → He says he cleaned the room.‎ 直接引语是客观真理 The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” → The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.‎ 直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式 The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” →The doctor said I should better stay in bed for 2 days.‎ 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语 Jack said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.” → Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.‎ ‎⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。‎ ‎ He said, “I get up at six every morning.” → He said he gets up at six every morning.‎ ‎3、变状语 时间状语变化：now 变为then；yesterday变为the day before; today 变为that day.‎ He said, “I want to go swimming now.” →He said he wanted to go swimming then.‎ 地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here 变为there He said, “You should come here at 7:00.” →He said I should go there at 7:00.‎ 指示代词变化：this 变为that He said, “This book is mine.” →He said that book was his.‎ ‎4、变句型 ‎①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。‎ He said, “I’m very glad.” →He said that he was very glad.‎ 一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。‎ He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” →He asked if (whether) John ‎ could come that afternoon.‎ 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。‎ He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” → He said where Mr. Wang was.‎ 直接引语是祈使句变为tell（ask, order, beg等）sb. (not) to do sth.句型 ‎“Open the door, please,” said she. (Mary said) →She asked him (me) to open the door.‎ 直接引语是let’s开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词或从句 He said, “Let’s go to see the movies.”‎ ‎ →He suggested going to see the movies.‎ ‎ →He suggested that they should go to see the movies.‎ 三、单项选择 ‎1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?‎ ‎ A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did ‎2. I want to know_________.‎ ‎ A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is ‎3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?‎ ‎ A. that B. whether C. what D. which ‎4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.‎ ‎ A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping ‎ C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping ‎5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?‎ ‎ A. that B. whose C. who D. which ‎6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.‎ ‎ A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home ‎ C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home ‎7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?‎ ‎ A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend ‎8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?‎ ‎ ---Usually it comes by 4: 00.‎ ‎ A. how B. where C. when D. what ‎9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?‎ ‎ ---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.‎ ‎ A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office ‎ C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office ‎10. ---Can I help you?‎ ‎ ---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?‎ ‎ A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 一、 典型例题【中考链接】‎ ‎1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?‎ A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it ‎2.—Excuse me .Could you tell me_____ I can get to the Space Museum?‎ ‎ --Of course. You can take bus No.1.‎ A. where B. how C. if D. why ‎3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?‎ ‎ --Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.‎ A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for ‎4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds .‎ A. what B. when C. why D. where ‎5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It’s about ______.‎ A. how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）‎ B. what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror C. how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror D. what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror ‎6. —Do you know ________the girl in red is?‎ ‎ —I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher.‎ A. when B. how C. where D. what ‎7.—What did your parents thank about your decision?‎ ‎ --They always let me do _______I think I should.‎ A. when B. that C. how D. what ‎8. I want to know ________.‎ A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at ‎9. --Would you please tell me __________?‎ ‎ --At 10:00 this evening.‎ ‎ A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave ‎10.—Could you tell me________?‎ ‎ --Fill in this form and I will give you a card.‎ A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet Cathy C. when I can meet Cathy ‎11. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?‎ ‎-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.‎ A. who B. what C. where D. how ‎12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________? ‎ ‎-Sorry, I have no idea. ‎ A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine ‎ ‎13. No one can be sure_________ in a million years.‎ A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like D. what man will look like ‎14. Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.‎ A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone ‎15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.‎ A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost ‎16. -When do you think _________?‎ ‎-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.‎ A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come D. he came ‎17. Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.‎ A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises ‎18. --Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office. -Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet. A. though  B. whether C. unless  D. while ‎19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?‎ ‎-Sorry. I don’t know ________.‎ A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad ‎20. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?‎ ‎-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.‎ A. who B. what C. where D. how ‎