中考英语主谓一致全面总结

中考英语主谓一致全面总结

Grammar ‎ Subject-Verb Agreement (主谓一致)‎ 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。 ‎ ‎ 1. 语法一致原则 ‎ 如果主语是单数，谓语动词则用单数形式；‎ 如果主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ eg. Both parties ______their own advantages. ‎ ‎　 Her job _____something to do with computers. ‎ ‎ 2. 意义一致原则 ‎ 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。‎ ‎ His family ______(be) a big family.‎ ‎ His family _______(be) listening to music ‎ when he came back.‎ The population in China ______ (be) very large, and eighty of the population in China _____(be) farmers. ‎ ‎3. 就近原则 ‎ ‎ 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。 ‎ ‎ e.g. Either my grandsons or their father__ (be) coming. ‎ ‎　 Neither Richard nor I _____(be) going. ‎ （一） 谓语动词常用复数的情况 ‎ The teachers are respected in the world. ‎ ‎1）主语为复数名词或代词 The police are looking for the missing child.‎ The cattle are kept in his farm.‎ 2) 当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数。‎ ‎ The Olympic Games are held once every four years. ‎ The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.‎ ‎3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的复数名词作主语。 ‎ The rich are not always happy.‎ Generally speaking ,the young are eager for success.‎ ‎4）the+adj. 表示一类人 或物做主语时 ‎ ‎ ‎ 如 blind,deaf, living,dead,‎ ‎ the+ wounded, poor, rich ‎ old, young 等 但指个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ The unknown is always something to be feared.‎ The beautiful is always loved by people.‎ The Whites are going to make a trip to London.‎ The Greens were watching TV when a fire broke out. ‎ ‎5) the+姓的复数形式表一家人 ‎（二）谓语动词常用单数的情况 ‎1）可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。‎ ‎ The advice is practical.‎ ‎2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。 ‎ ‎ Twenty years is only a short time in human history.‎ ‎3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Looking after the children is my full time job.‎ To die for the people is a worthy death.‎ When and where to hold the meeting is unknown.‎ Whatever was left was taken away.‎ ‎4) 以-S 结尾的单数名词，形式为复数而意义为单数。如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news, physics, maths，politics)谓语用单数。‎ The United states is made up of 50 states.‎ The Times is a newspaper for the British government Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. ‎ 5) clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。‎ ‎ Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.‎ ‎ 6） each ‎ neither +of + the+复数名词或代词 ‎ Either Each of us _____ a dictionary.‎ Either of the books on the table _______to me.‎ Neither of them ___fit for the job.‎ ‎7) many a / each / every ‎ ‎ either / neither +单数名词 more than one Many a student __________the film.‎ Neither story ____true.‎ More than one student has seen the film.‎ More students than one have seen the film.‎ 注意：当each放在主语后作同位语时，不决定谓语单复数。‎ They each have a dictionary.=‎ Each of them has a dictionary.‎ ‎8) every every ‎ ‎ each +名词单数＋and+ each + 名词单数作主语时 ‎ no no 谓语用单数 ‎ many a many a Every desk and every chair ___ made of wood. ‎ Many a boy and many a girl ____made the same mistake.‎ ‎9）由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body ‎ 所构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。‎ ‎ Nobody ______to go there.‎ ‎ Something ______been done to end the strike.‎ （三） 其它情况 1） 用and或both…and…连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或事或整体概念，谓语动词用单数（如果是可数名词的单数这时and后面的名词一般没有冠词）。‎ 用is/are填空：‎ ‎ English and Chinese quite different languages.‎ ‎ Water and air both important. ‎ ‎ A young man and a girl to go there.‎ ‎ The singer and the writer famous to many young people The manager and secretary as busy as a bee all day The singer and writer famous to everyone. ‎ War and peace （战争与和平） a constant theme in history.‎ A knife and fork（ 刀叉） needed for a western meal.‎ Bread and butter(黄油面包) served for breakfast.‎ Early to bed and early to rise _____（早睡早起） a good habit.‎ 常用的一些表示整体概念的词 iron and steel 钢铁　‎ law and order 治安　‎ a watch and chain 一块带链的表 ‎ A needle and thread 针线 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣 2） 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), species(种类),works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。‎ 选择填空 ‎ has/have Every means _____been tried out without much result. All means _______ been tried out without much result.　 ‎ ‎ was/were This shoe works _____ set up in 1980.  ‎ Those shoe works ______all set up in 1980.  ‎ ‎3) 表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks (筷子), ‎ compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts 等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；‎ Chopsticks mainly are used in China.‎ 但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of,‎ a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 如：‎ This kind of books ____useful. ‎ ‎= Books of this kind ____useful. ‎ ‎4) 某些集体名词（如 family, team 等）作主语时， 如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有： class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等。‎ ‎5) 就近原则 下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎ A or B ‎ ‎ either A or B ‎ ‎ neither A nor B 动词与靠近的主语一致 ‎ not only A but also B ‎ ‎ there be A, B and C ‎ ‎ not A but B ‎ 1）Either the girl or the boy ____ in Canada.( is /are )‎ ‎ 2）Neither he nor I ______ the answer.(knows /know)‎ ‎ 3）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____tired of having one examination after another. ‎ ‎ 4) You ,he or I right. ‎ ‎ 5)_____either he or you right? (be)‎ ‎(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)‎ ‎6）You or he _______ to blame．‎ ‎____ you or he to blame? ‎ ‎ A．is，Is B．are，Are C．is，Are D． are，Is ‎7)Either you or the headmaster ______ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting. (NMET 1994 )‎ ‎ A. is handing out B. are to hand out ‎ ‎ C. are handing out D. is to hand out ‎ ‎6)就前原则 当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as,no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides,including, in addition to等词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。‎ ‎1)The teacher , with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (NMET2004 北京卷)‎ ‎ A. was B . were C. had been D. would be ‎ ‎2）Nobody but John and Helen absent.‎ ‎ I, rather than you， responsible for the accident.‎ ‎7) a number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。‎ ‎ the number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数 ‎ ‎ The number of the people invited ______ fifty , but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. ‎ ‎ A. were, was B. was; was ‎ ‎ C. was; were D. were; were ‎8) a large quantity/amount of +n 谓语由of后的名词单复形式决定 ‎ large quantities/amounts of +n (可数/不可数) 谓语复数 ‎ A large quantity of people_______ needed here.‎ ‎ A large quantity of water ____ needed here. ‎ ‎ Large quantities of food_______ gone bad.　‎ ‎9）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。‎ ‎ He is one of the few persons who ______a good knowledge of Italian.‎ 当one之前有the only修饰时，one是who 的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。‎ He is the only one of the boys who _______ given a prize.‎ ‎10)倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：‎ ‎1)Between the two buildings (stand) a monument.‎ ‎2)On the ship ___________(be) over 2,200 people. ‎ ‎3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives. ‎ ‎ Among those________ (be) the young woman.‎ ‎11)such, the same起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容 来确定单、复数。如： Such ___ our plan.        ‎ ‎ Such _____ my hopes.   ‎ ‎12)all 做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。‎ ‎ All ____well that ends well.‎ ‎ All _____ eager to reach an agreement.‎ ‎13) part of / half of /… percent of / one third of + 名词, 谓语动词要与of 后面的名词保持一致。‎ One third of the land is sold by the government.‎ 常用的一些表示整体概念的词 iron and steel 钢铁　‎ law and order 治安　‎ a watch and chain 一块带链的表 ‎ A needle and thread 针线 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣 Exercises ‎ 1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.‎ ‎ A. am   B. be     C. is    D. are ‎ 2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.‎ ‎ A. has    B. have   ‎ ‎ C. had    D. is having ‎ 3. Every means ______ tried but without much result.‎ ‎ A. has been    B. have been    ‎ ‎ C. are    D. is ‎4. There ______ in this room.‎ ‎ A. are too much furniture    ‎ ‎ B. is too many furnitures ‎ C. are too much furnitures   ‎ ‎ D. is too much furniture ‎5. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.‎ ‎ A. were    B. are    C. was    D. be ‎6.  Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.‎ ‎ A. am    B. is    C. are    D. was ‎7. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.‎ ‎ A. is     B. are    C. has    D. was ‎8. Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.‎ ‎ A. attends    B. attend    ‎ ‎ C. are attending   D. have attended ‎ 9.  ______ was wrong.‎ ‎ A. Not the teacher but the students  ‎ ‎ B. Both the students and the teacher ‎ C. Neither the teacher nor the ‎ ‎ students    ‎ ‎ D. Not the students but the teacher ‎ 10.  “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”‎ ‎  “I suppose so.”‎ ‎ A. Will be  B. Is   C. Are  D. Were ‎ 11. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.‎ ‎ A. are   B. has   C. is   D. were ‎ 12. Most of his savings(存款） ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.‎ ‎ A. has been kept    ‎ ‎ B. is being kept   ‎ ‎ C. have kept     ‎ ‎ D. have been kept ‎ 13. All that can be done ______.‎ ‎ A. has done    ‎ ‎ B. has been done    ‎ ‎ C. have done    ‎ ‎ D. have been done ‎ 14. One or perhaps more pages _______.‎ ‎ A. is missing    ‎ ‎ B. has been missed   ‎ ‎ C. are missing    ‎ ‎ D. was missing ‎ 15. More than one worker ______ dismissed.‎ ‎ A. have been     B. are    ‎ ‎ C. has been    D. has ‎ 16. Whiskey and soda ______  his favorite drink.‎ ‎ A. is    B. are    ‎ ‎ C. were    D. have been ‎ 17. Many a student ___ the importance of learning a foreign language.‎ ‎ A. have realized    ‎ ‎ B. has realize    ‎ ‎ C. have been realized    ‎ ‎ D. has been realized ‎ 18. The gas works ______ near the city.‎ ‎ A. is    B. are    C. were    D. be ‎ 19. The surroundings（环境） of his house ______ clean now.‎ ‎ A. is    B. are    C. was    D. were ‎20. The committee ___ over the problem among themselves for two hours.‎ ‎ A. has argued    ‎ ‎ B. has been arguing    ‎ ‎ C. have argued    ‎ ‎ D. have been arguing ‎21. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.‎ ‎ A. is   B. was   C. are   D. has been ‎22. Cattle ______ on the hillside.‎ ‎ A. grazes    B. is grazing    ‎ ‎ C. was grazing    D. were grazing ‎23. Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.‎ ‎ A. is    B. are   C. was   D. has been ‎24. Measles(麻疹） ______ a kind of infectious illness.‎ ‎ A. is    B. are   ‎ ‎ C. were    D. have been ‎ 25. The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.‎ ‎    A. lies    B. lie    C. lay    D. lays ‎ 26. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.‎ ‎ A. is    B. am    C. are    D. was ‎27. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.‎ ‎ A. is going    ‎ ‎ B. are going    ‎ ‎ C. has been going    ‎ ‎ D. have been going ‎28. What caused the accident ‎ ‎ _____ on the road.‎ ‎ A. were stone    ‎ ‎ B. were stones    ‎ ‎ C. was stone    ‎ ‎ D. was stones ‎29. ______ is to attend our evening.‎ ‎ A. both the singer and the dancer    ‎ ‎ B. Either the singer or dancers ‎ C. The singer or dancers           ‎ ‎ D. The singer and dancer ‎30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.‎ ‎ A. had     ‎ ‎ B. has been having    ‎ ‎ C. are having    ‎ ‎ D. were having ‎ ‎31. No one except two students ‎ ‎ ____ the meeting.‎ ‎ A. has been late for    ‎ ‎ B. have been late for    ‎ ‎ C. was late for    ‎ ‎ D. were later for ‎32. All but him and me ____to the exhibition.‎ ‎ A. am going   B. is going   ‎ ‎ C. are going    D. was going ‎33. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.‎ ‎ A. are    B. were   C. is    D. was ‎ 34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.‎ ‎ A. have arrived    ‎ ‎ B. are arriving     ‎ ‎ C. had arrived    ‎ ‎ D. has arrived ‎ 35.  A number of cars _____ in front of the park.‎ ‎ A. is parked    ‎ ‎ B. was parked    ‎ ‎ C. are parked    ‎ ‎ D. has parked ‎36. The number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.‎ ‎ A. is    B. are    ‎ ‎ C. were    D. have been ‎37. The majority of the damage _____ easy to repair.‎ ‎ A. is    B. are    C. were    D. be ‎38. The majority of doctors ____ smoking is harmful to health.‎ ‎ A. are believed    ‎ ‎ B. had believed    ‎ ‎ C. has believed    ‎ ‎ D. believe ‎ 39. Four-fifths of the crop ______.‎ ‎ A. are ruined    ‎ ‎ B. was ruined    ‎ ‎ C. were ruined    ‎ ‎ D. have been ruined Homework ‎ ‎1. Finish Grammar on P98-99.‎ ‎2. Preview the part of Integrating skills.‎