新目标中考英语九年级全册知识点

新目标中考英语九年级全册知识点

‎【九年级英语Unit1】‎ ‎1. by + doing 通过……方式　如：by studying with a group ‎ ‎ by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”‎ ‎　　　　　　　　“经过”、“乘车”等 ‎　　如：I live by the river.‎ ‎ I have to go back by ten o’clock.‎ ‎ The thief entered the room by the window.‎ ‎ The student went to park by bus.‎ ‎2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论　如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。‎ talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 ‎3. 提建议的句子：‎ ‎①What/ how about +doing sth.? ‎ 如：What/ How about going shopping? ‎ ‎ ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?‎ ‎ ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ‎ ‎ ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping ‎ ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?‎ ‎4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。‎ ‎5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. ‎ 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。‎ ‎6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 ‎ ‎ 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。‎ ‎ ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,‎ 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.‎ 他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。‎ ‎②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, ‎ laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: ‎ She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。‎ ‎③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. ‎ 他不当众大声谈笑。‎ ‎7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如：‎ ‎ I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. ‎ ‎ 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。‎ ‎ not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 ‎8. be / get excited about sth.‎ ‎=== be / get excited about doing sth. ‎ ‎=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：‎ ‎ I am / get excited about going to Beijing.‎===‎ ‎ I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。‎ ‎9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：‎ ‎ The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。‎ ‎ ② end up with sth. 以…结束 如：‎ ‎ The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。‎ ‎10. first of all 首先 ‎. to begin with 一开始 ‎ later on 后来、随 ‎11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 ‎ either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 ‎ too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 ‎12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。‎ make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. ‎ 我已经犯了一个错误。‎ ‎13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me!‎ ‎ 不要取笑我!‎ ‎14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 ‎ ‎15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：‎ ‎ She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。‎ ‎ enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。‎ ‎16. native speaker 说本族语的人 ‎17. make up 组成、构成 ‎ ‎18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一 ‎ 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. ‎ 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。‎ ‎19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…‎ ‎ 如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.‎ ‎ 对于我来说学习英语太难了。‎ ‎ 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English ‎20. practice doing 练习做某事 如：‎ ‎ She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。‎ ‎21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：‎ ‎ LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。‎ ‎22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句 ‎ ‎ 如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。‎ ‎ I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写 ‎23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.‎ ‎24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 ‎ ‎ 如：Mother worried about his son just now. ‎ 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。‎ ‎25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：‎ ‎ I was angry with her. 我对她生气。‎ ‎26. perhaps === maybe 也许 ‎27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。‎ ‎28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生 see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：‎ ‎ 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.‎ ‎ 她看见他正在教室里画画。‎ ‎29. each other 彼此 ‎ ‎30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如：‎ ‎　The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。‎ ‎31. too many　许多　修饰可数名词　如：too many girls ‎ too much　许多　修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk ‎ ‎ much too　太　　修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful ‎32. change…　into…　将…变为…　‎ 如：The magician changed the pen into a book. ‎ ‎ 　　 　　这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。‎ ‎33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 ‎ 如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help ‎ ‎　　　　在李雷的帮助下 ‎34. compare … to …　把…与…相比　‎ 如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.‎ ‎ 　　你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。‎ ‎35. instead 代替　用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）‎ ‎ instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词 ‎　　如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。‎ ‎　　　　I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。‎ ‎　　　　He stayed at home instead of going swimming. ‎ 他呆在家里而不是去游泳 ‎【九年级英语Unit2】‎ ‎1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 ‎　否定形式：　didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.‎ 如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。‎ ‎ Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.‎ ‎ He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。‎ ‎2. 反意疑问句 ‎　 ①肯定陈述句＋否定提问　如：Lily is a student, isn’t she?‎ ‎ Lily will go to China, won’t she?‎ ‎　 ②否定陈述句＋肯定提问 如：‎ She doesn’t come from China, does she?‎ You haven’t finished homework, have you?‎ ‎　　③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she?‎ ‎　　④陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：‎ ‎　　He knows little English, does he ‎?　他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？‎ They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？‎ ‎3. play the piano　弹钢琴 ‎4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣 ‎②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣 ‎ 如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking ‎ 　　 English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。‎ ‎5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 ‎ interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 ‎6. still 仍然，还　‎ ‎　　用在be　动词的后面　如：I’m still a student.‎ ‎ 用在行为动词的前面　如：I still love him.‎ ‎7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗 ‎8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.‎ ‎ be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.‎ ‎9. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，‎ 其反义词off. 　with the light on 灯开着 ‎10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校 ‎11.　spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”‎ ‎ ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）‎ ‎ ②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事　如：‎ He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着 He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。‎ ‎ ‎ Pay for 花费 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。‎ ‎12. take 动词　有“花费”的意思　常用的结构有：‎ ‎　　take sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.‎ take … to do sth. ‎ ‎13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊　如：I like to chat with him. ‎ ‎ 我喜欢和他聊天。‎ ‎14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事　worry 是动词 ‎　 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事　worried 是形容词　‎ 如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。‎ ‎　　Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。‎ ‎15. all the time 一直、始终 ‎16. take sb. to + 地方　送/带某人去某个地方　如：‎ ‎　　A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。‎ ‎ Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)‎ ‎17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 ‎ hardly ever 很少　‎ ‎ hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义 动词之前　助动词/情态动词＋hardly ‎　　　 hardly + 实义动词　　如：‎ ‎　　I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。‎ ‎　　I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。‎ ‎18. miss v. 思念、想念、　错过 ‎19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内　常与完成时连用　如：‎ ‎ I have lived in China in the last few years. ‎ 在过去的几年内我在中国住。‎ ‎20. be different from 与…不同　‎ ‎21. how to swim 怎样游泳　‎ ‎　　不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：‎ ‎ The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。‎ ‎ I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。‎ ‎22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词　　make you happy ‎ make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh ‎23. move to +地方　搬到某地　如：I moved to Beijing last year.‎ ‎24. it seems that +从句　看起来好像……　如：‎ ‎　　It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。‎ ‎25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事　 ‎ help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事　‎ She helped me with English.　她帮助我学英语。‎ She helped me (to) study English。　她帮助我学习英语。‎ ‎26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词　15岁的　‎ 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在 时 am ‎ are +过去分词 is ‎ English is spoken in many countries.‎ 一般过去 时 was +过去分词 were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.‎ 情 态 动 词 can/should may +be+过去分词 must/……‎ The work must be done right now.‎ ‎ fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 ‎　 fifteen years old 指年龄　15岁　如：‎ a fifteen-year-old boy　一个15岁的男孩 Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。‎ I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。‎ ‎27.支付不起… 　can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. ‎ ‎ 　　　　　　 can’t / couldn’t afford sth.‎ ‎ 如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.‎ ‎ I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。‎ ‎28. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力　如：‎ ‎ Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。‎ ‎29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦　‎ ‎30. in the end 最后 ‎31. make a decision 下决定　下决心　‎ ‎32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶　如：‎ to their surprise　令他们惊讶　to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶 ‎33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪　如：‎ ‎ His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪 ‎34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心　如：‎ ‎　　You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。‎ ‎35. be able to do sth. 能做某事　如：‎ ‎　　　She is able to do it. 她能够做到。‎ ‎36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事　如：‎ ‎　　　My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。‎ ‎37.不再 ①no more == no longer 如：‎ ‎　　　 I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。‎ ‎ 　　　②not …any more == not …any longer　如：‎ ‎ I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。‎ ‎38. go to sleep 入睡 ‎【九年级英语Unit3】‎ ‎1.语态：‎ ‎　①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态　‎ ‎　　主动语态表示是动作的执行者 ‎　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　‎ ‎　 Cats 　eat 　fish. 　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。‎ ‎　 Fish is eaten by cats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。‎ ‎ ②被动语态的构成 ‎　　由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成 ‎　　助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。‎ ‎ ③被动语态的用法 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。‎ ‎2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：‎ ‎　 Mother allows me to watch TV every night.‎ ‎ 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。‎ ‎　be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：‎ ‎　　LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。‎ ‎3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞 ‎　让/使（别人）做某事　 get sth. done(过去分词)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　 have sth. done 如：‎ ‎　I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车 ‎4. enough 足够　‎ ‎　形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough　足够漂亮 ‎ enough＋名词　如：enough food 足够食物 ‎ enough to 　足够…去做…　如：‎ ‎　　　I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。‎ ‎ She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。‎ ‎5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事　Please stop speaking.请停止说话。‎ stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事　Please stop to speak. ‎ ‎ 　　请停下来说话。‎ ‎6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. ‎ it seems that +从句 ‎ He seems to feel very sad.‎ ‎ It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。‎ ‎7. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。　如：‎ ‎　　They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. ‎ She felt very tired.‎ ‎8. 倒装句: ‎ 由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语　意为：…也是一样 ‎　　She is a student. So am I.　她是一个学生，我也是。‎ ‎ She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 ‎ She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。‎ ‎ She will go to school. So will he.　她将去学校，他也是。‎ ‎9. yet 仍然，还　常用在否定句或疑问句当中 ‎10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。‎ ‎11. clean up 打扫　整理　如：‎ ‎　　I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。‎ ‎12. 程度副词：‎ always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 ‎ 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.‎ ‎ 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。‎ ‎13. 曾经做某事：　‎ ‎　　Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.‎ ‎ Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.‎ ‎14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)‎ ‎15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉　如：‎ ‎ Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。‎ ‎16. take the test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败 ‎17. the other day 前几天 ‎18. agree 同意　反义词 disagree不同意 动词 ‎ agreement 同意　反义词 disagreement 不同意　名词 ‎18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词　使某人/某物保持….　如：‎ ‎　　We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。‎ ‎19. both…and…　+动词复数形式 如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.‎ ‎20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：‎ ‎ Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语 ‎21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 ‎ have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 ‎ 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing.‎ ‎ I have a chance of going to Beijing.‎ ‎22. at present 目前 ‎23. at least 最少 at most 最多 ‎24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay ‎ ‎ sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.‎ ‎ sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan.‎ ‎ sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.‎ ‎ sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.‎ ‎ sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.‎ ‎25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off ‎26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.‎ ‎27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.‎ ‎ agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.‎ ‎28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如： ‎ Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。‎ ‎29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. ‎ ‎30. think about 与think of 的区别 ‎ ‎ ①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 ‎ I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。‎ ‎ ②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用 ‎ At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。‎ ‎ We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。‎ ‎31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣 be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。‎ be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。‎ ‎32. practice doing 练习做某事 ‎ She often practice speaking English.‎ ‎33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. ‎ ‎34. also 也 用于句中 ‎ either也 用于否定句且用于句末 ‎ too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 ‎ ‎ I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 ‎ I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。‎ I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。‎ ‎【九年级英语Unit4】‎ ‎1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气 ‎ 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态 所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的 话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。‎ ‎ If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件 句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：‎ 句 型 条件从句 主 句 谓语动词形式 动词过去式(be动词用were)‎ would+动词原形 ‎ 即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时 ‎(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时 ‎ 如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.‎ 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) ‎ ‎ If I were you, I would take an umbrella. ‎ 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)‎ I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.‎ ‎ 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)‎ ‎2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. ‎ ‎ pretend +从句 假装… I pretended that I fell asleep. ‎ ‎3. be late for 迟到 如：‎ ‎ I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.‎ ‎4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 ‎ ⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词 ‎ ‎ a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 ‎ 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 ‎ ‎ There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。‎ ‎ ⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词 ‎ ‎ little 少数的　修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 ‎ 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 ‎ ‎ There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。‎ ‎5. still 仍然,还 用在be动词之后，行为动词之前 如：‎ ‎ I am still a student.我仍然是个学生 I still love him.我仍然爱他。‎ ‎6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several ‎ 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很 多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people ‎ 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树 ‎7. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ， 要是… 又怎么样 如：‎ ‎ What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？‎ ‎ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？‎ ‎8. add sth. to sth. 添加…到… 如：‎ ‎ I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。‎ ‎9. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张 ‎ feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好 ‎10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如：‎ ‎ I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。‎ ‎11. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.‎ ‎ help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松 ‎12. in public 在公共场所 如:‎ Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。‎ ‎13. energetic adj. 活力的 ‎ 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。‎ ‎ energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。‎ ‎14. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事 ‎ ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事 ‎ tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事 ‎ tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事 如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.‎ ‎ Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.‎ ‎15. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如：‎ ‎ He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。‎ ‎16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：‎ ‎ I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。‎ ‎17.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。‎ ‎18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：‎ ‎ I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。‎ ‎19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：‎ ‎ Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。‎ ‎20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭 have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐 ‎21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如：‎ ‎ They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。‎ ‎22. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me ‎ ‎ give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果 ‎23. get along with sb. 与…相处 如：‎ ‎ Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？‎ ‎24. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 如：‎ ‎ I would rather walk than run. ‎ ‎25. whole 整个 26. in fact 事实上 ‎27. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：‎ ‎ Don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。‎ ‎28. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如：‎ ‎ He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 ‎ ‎ catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如：‎ ‎ Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。‎ ‎29. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：‎ ‎ I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。‎ ‎30. come out 出版，出来 如：‎ ‎ The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出版一次。‎ ‎31. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。‎ ‎32. hurry to do 匆忙… I hurry to call the police.‎ ‎33. more than 超过 ‎34. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物 宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。‎ ‎ ①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语　构成 ‎ 　常由下面的一些词引导：‎ ‎ ②由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 ‎ He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。‎ ‎ ③由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)‎ ‎ I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. ‎ 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。‎ ‎ ④由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义 ‎ Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？‎ ‎ ⑤从句时态要与主句一致 ‎ 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 ‎ He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。‎ ‎ I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。‎ ‎ She wants to know if I have finished my homework. ‎ 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。‎ ‎ Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？‎ ‎ 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,‎ 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) ‎ ‎ He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。‎ ‎ I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。‎ She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. ‎ 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。‎ Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？‎ ‎【九年级英语Unit5】‎ 现在完成时态 ‎⑴由have/ has ＋　过去分词 ‎⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用 Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？‎ Yes, I have. I have just finished it.　是的。我刚刚完成了。‎ I have already finished it .　我已经完成了。‎ Have you ever been to China?　你曾经去过中国吗？‎ No, I have never been there.　没有，我从来也没有去过。‎ ‎⑶①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作　或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ）‎ ‎②注： 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。‎ 应转为相应的延续性动词 如：‎ buy---- have die---- be dead join ---- be in ‎ borrow----- keep leave---- be away ‎ I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks.‎ The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last week.‎ ‎⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来 ‎②have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来 ‎③have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 如：‎ She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)‎ She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)‎ She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.‎ 她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)‎ ‎1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , can’t表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们 ‎ 含义有所不同 ‎ must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性)‎ ‎ may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%－80%的可能性)‎ ‎　 can’t 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零)‎ ‎　 The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it. ‎ ‎ The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because ‎ he likes listening to pop music.‎ ‎ The hair band can’t be Bob’s. After all, he is boy!‎ ‎2. whose 谁的　疑问词　作定语　后面接名词 如：Whose book is this? This is Lily’s.‎ ‎3. belong to 属于　如：‎ ‎ That English book belongs to me.‎ ‎4. 当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词　如：‎ ‎　　play the guitar play the piano play the violin 当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词　如：‎ ‎　 play football play basketball play baseball ‎5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，‎ 从句用一般现在时代替将来时　如：‎ ‎　　If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到 ‎6. if you have any idea== if you know 如果你知道 ‎7. on　关于（学术，科目）‎ ‎8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事　如：‎ ‎　　I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。‎ ‎9. because of , because ‎ ‎ because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 ‎ because +　从句　　如：‎ ‎　　I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。‎ ‎ I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。‎ ‎10. own v.－owner n. listen v.－listener n. learn v.－learner n.‎ ‎11. catch a bus 赶公车 ‎12. neighbor 邻居　指人 ‎ neighborhood 邻居　指地区也可指附近地区的人　‎ ‎13. local 当地的　如：local teacher 当地的教师 ‎14. noise n. 噪音　是个可数名词　noises ‎ ‎15. call the police 报警　如：Quick! Call the police! 快！叫警察！‎ ‎16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西 当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面 ‎17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如：‎ ‎　　There is a cat eating fish.‎ ‎ There must be something visiting our home.‎ ‎18. escape from …从哪里逃跑出来　如：‎ ‎ He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。‎ ‎19. an ocean of + 名词　极多的，用不尽的　如：an ocean of energy.‎ ‎20. unhappy 不高兴的　反义词 happy 高兴的 ‎ ‎21. final adj. 最后的　finally adv. 最后地 ‎22. dishonest 不诚实的　反义词 honest 诚实的。‎ ‎23. get on 上车 get off 下车　‎ ‎24. use up 用光、用完　如：They have used up all the money. ‎ 他们已经用完了所有的钱。‎ ‎25. attempt to do 试图　如：‎ ‎　　The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。‎ ‎26. wake 动词　唤醒　常用的词组：wake up　意为醒来　如：‎ ‎　　Please wake me up at 8 o’clock.　请在8点钟叫醒我。‎ ‎27. look for 寻找　指过程 find 找　指结果　　如：‎ ‎　　I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）‎ ‎　　I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）‎ ‎28. hear 听　指听的结果 listen 听 指听的过程　如：‎ ‎　　Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）‎ ‎　　I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程）‎ ‎29. try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事　如：‎ ‎　　He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。‎ ‎30. 名词所有格　‎ ‎　　名词所有格的构成有两种形式 ‎　①是在名词后面加 ’s 或是以s结尾 的名词，只在名词的后面加 ’ ‎ 如：Ann’s book　安的书, our teachers’ office我们老师们的办公室 ‎ 注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加’s,　如：‎ ‎　　Lily and Lucy’s father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）‎ ‎　②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格　如：‎ ‎　　 a picture of my family 我家人的相片　‎ ‎　　有时也有’s表示无生命的东西的所有格　如：‎ ‎　　　today’s newspaper,　　the city’s name ‎ ‎【九年级英语Unit 6】‎ 定语从句 参看课本P143‎ ‎1. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 ‎ prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。‎ ‎ prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。‎ ‎ prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… I prefer dogs to cats. ‎ 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。‎ ‎ prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。‎ ‎2. along with 伴随… 同… 一道 ‎ I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。‎ ‎ I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。‎ ‎3. dance to sth. 随着…跳舞 ‎ ‎ She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。‎ ‎4. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服 ‎5. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 musical ‎ ‎6. take … to … 带…去…. 如：‎ ‎ My father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。‎ ‎ Please take this box to my office. 请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。‎ ‎7. remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒 使…记起….‎ ‎ This song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。‎ ‎8. clear adj. 清楚的，清澈的 clearly adv. 清楚地 ‎9. be important to sb. 对…重要 ‎ be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要 ‎10. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地 fortunately adv. 幸运地 ‎11. look for 寻找 ‎ ‎ My pen is lost. Could you help me look for it? ‎ 我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗？‎ ‎12. though == although 作连词 虽然，尽管 ‎ 放在句子中间/句首，不能和but 连用 Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了，但他还在工作 Mr. Smith , though he was young, did it very well.‎ 史密斯先生虽然年轻，却做得很好。‎ ‎13. fun n. 有趣 funny adj. 有趣的 ‎14. be sure to do 一定做某事 肯定做某事 如：‎ ‎ It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪 ‎ Be sure not to forget it. 千万不要忘记呀!‎ ‎15. known adj. 有名的 著名的 know v. 知道 认识 ‎16. on display 展览 ‎17. over the years 很多年来，常与现在完成时连用如：‎ ‎ Over the years, they’ve planted many trees on the hills. ‎ 多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。‎ ‎18. energy n. 活力 energetic adj. 有活力的 ‎19. most of … …的大多数 ‎20. keep healthy 保持健康 ‎21. get together 聚在一起 ‎22. discuss v. 讨论 discussion n. 讨论 ‎23. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的 ‎ be bad for doing sth. 做…有坏处 ‎24. for example 例如 ‎25. take care of === look after 照顾 关心 如：‎ ‎ She often takes care of / looks after her son.‎ ‎26. stay away from 远离… 如：‎ ‎ Stay away from me , I have a cold. 请远离我，我得了感冒 ‎27. to be honest 老实说 如： ‎ ‎ To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。‎ ‎28. dislike 不喜欢 反义词 like 喜欢 ‎29. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen ‎ ‎30. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片 ‎ photographer n. 摄影师 ‎31. be in agreement 意见一致 常与介词on /about连用如：‎ ‎ They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。‎ ‎32. even if 甚至 ‎ ‎33. mainly adv. 主要地 首要地 main adj. 主要的 ‎【九年级英语Unit 7】‎ ‎1. tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 ‎ bored 讨厌 boring 令人厌烦/讨厌的 ‎ excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 ‎ amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的 ‎2. education n. 教育 educational 有教育意义的 ‎3. 想要做…：would like to do ‎ 想要…：would like sth. ‎ ‎ 常用的句型有：‎ ‎ What would you like to do? 你想要做什么？‎ ‎ I would like to visit GuiLin. 我想去参观桂林。‎ ‎ What would you like ? 你想要什么？‎ I would like some tea. 我想来些茶。‎ Would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会？(表邀请) Yes, I’d love/ like to . No, thanks.‎ Would you like some tea or coffee? 你是要点茶还是咖啡？‎ Yes, I’d love/ like. No. thanks.‎ Where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢？(本单元的重点句型)‎ ‎4. go on vacation 去度假 ‎ go on a trip 去旅行 ‎ go on a picnic 去野炊 ‎5. hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to go to Beijing. 我希望去北京。‎ ‎ hope (that) + 从句 希望….‎ I hope that I can go to Beijing.我希望我能去北京。‎ ‎ I hope (that) she can pass the test.我希望她能通过考试。‎ ‎6. I love places where the people are friendly. 我喜欢人们友好的地方。‎ ‎ where 关系副词，引导定语从句 ‎ where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词如：the place, the city等 ‎ That is the school where I studied 10 years ago. ‎ 那就是我10年前所就读的学校。‎ ‎7. 不定代词 参看课本P141 ‎ ‎ 注：形容词必须放在不定代词、不定副词的后面 ‎8. consider doing考虑做某事 ‎ I am considering changing my job. 我正在考虑换工作。‎ ‎9. cost (sb.) 钱、时间 The book cost me 10 yuan 这本书花了我10元。‎ ‎10. in general 一般来说， 大体上， 通常 ‎11. be supposed to do 应该做…. === should 如：‎ ‎ Scientists are supposed to know a lot. 科学家们应该知道更多。‎ ‎12. take a trip 去旅行 ‎13. provide sb. with sth 供应某人某物=== provide sth for sb. ‎ ‎ 如：They provide us with water.‎ ‎ They provide water for us.‎ ‎14. how far 问路程　多远 ‎ how old 问年龄　多少岁 ‎ how long 问时间　多久　多长 ‎ how often 问频率　多久一次 ‎15. be away 离开　如：‎ ‎　　I was away 2days ago. 我两天前离开了。‎ ‎ I will be away for a few days.　我将离开一些天。‎ ‎16. inexpensive adj. 不贵的 反义词　expensive adj. 贵的 ‎17.　 let sb. do 让某人做某事　Let me help you.让我帮你吧。‎ ‎　　　let sb. not do 让某人不要做某Let us not laugh. 让我们不要笑了。‎ ‎18. in the future 将来　‎ She will a good mother in the future. 在将来她将会是一个好妈妈。‎ ‎19. 用to 表示　“的”有： ‎ answers to question 问题的答案 ‎　 the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙 ‎20. as soon as possible 尽可能的快 ‎21. continue doing == go on doing 继续做某事　如：‎ ‎ She continued singing. == She went on singing. 她继续唱歌。‎ ‎22. according to 根据 ‎ ‎23. be willing to do 愿意做某事 如： ‎ ‎ I am willing to help you. 我愿意帮你。‎ ‎24. on the other hands 另一方面 ‎25. hold on to sth. 保持，不要放弃 ‎ ‎ Please hold on to my hand. 不要放开我的手。‎ ‎26. come true 实现 如：‎ ‎ My dream have come true. 我的梦实现了。‎ ‎【九年级英语Unit 8】‎ 短语动词小结 常见短语动词结构有下面几种：‎ ‎ 1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜 ‎ 这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动 词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放 在短语动词后。‎ ‎2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于 ‎ 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。‎ ‎3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 ‎ run out of 用完，耗尽 ‎ 4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住 ‎1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴 ‎ clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫 ‎ ‎2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 ‎ home n. 家 ‎ ‎3. hand out 分发 hand out bananas ‎ ‎ give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人 ‎ give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟 ‎ give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids ‎ ‎ give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 ‎ give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线 ‎4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ‎ ‎ ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语 ‎5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 ‎ ‎ volunteer n. 志愿者 ‎ ‎6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出 ‎ catch up with 赶上 追上 ‎7. put off doing 推迟做某事 ‎ put on 穿上 (指过程)‎ ‎ put up 张贴 ‎8. write down 写下 记下 ‎ ‎9. call up 打电话 ‎ make a telephone call 打电话 ‎10. set up 成立 建立 ‎ The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。‎ ‎11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 ‎ every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用 ‎12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用 ‎ They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用 ‎13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study ‎ help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English ‎ help do 帮助做某事 help study ‎ ‎14. plan to do 计划做某事 ‎ plan + 从句 ‎ I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.‎ ‎ 我计划去北京。‎ ‎15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing. ‎ 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。‎ ‎ spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English. ‎ ‎16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分 ‎ ‎ (1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。‎ 因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要 把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：‎ ‎ ①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. ‎ 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。‎ ‎ ⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：‎ ‎ ①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。‎ ‎ ②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。‎ 常见的就近原则的结构有：‎ ‎ Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)‎ Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。‎ ‎ Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)‎ ‎ Either Lily or you are a student. ‎ ‎ Not only …but (also)…‎ ‎ There be ‎ ‎17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党 ‎ take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：‎ take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 ‎18. ①run out of == use up 用完 用尽 ‎ I have run out of money.== I have used up money. 我已经用完了钱。‎ ‎ ②run away 逃跑 The monkey has run away from the zoo.‎ 这只猴子已经从动物园里逃跑了。‎ ‎ ③run to + 地方 跑到某地 ‎ ‎19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 ‎ be similar to 与..相像 ‎ take after 相像 ‎ look after 照顾 ‎ take care of 照顾 ‎20. work out 算出 结局 ‎ The situation worked out quite well. 情况的结局非常好 ‎ Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗？‎ ‎21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛 ‎ ‎ I like to hang out at mall with my friends. ‎ 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。‎ ‎22. be able to do 能 会 ‎ ‎ be unable to do 不能 不会 ‎ ‎23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如：‎ ‎ thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我 ‎24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问 ‎ You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。‎ ‎25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…‎ ‎ She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。‎ ‎26. like prep. 像… ‎ ‎27. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)‎ ‎ I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. ‎ 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。‎ ‎28. train n. 火车 ‎ train v. 训练 ‎ train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事 ‎ She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。‎ ‎29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如：‎ ‎ Do it at once. 马上去做。‎ ‎ I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。‎ ‎30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)‎ ‎ some day 有一天(指将来) 如：‎ ‎ One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。‎ ‎ Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。‎ ‎31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的 ‎32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送 ‎33. part of speech 词性 词类 ‎34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能 ‎【九年级英语 Unit9】‎ ‎1. 被动语态 ‎ ‎(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。‎ ‎ (2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词 ‎(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)‎ ‎ (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。‎ ‎ 一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词 ‎ 一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词 ‎ 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词 ‎ (4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句 末，by 表示“由，被”的意思 如何理解被动语态？‎ ‎ 为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。‎ ‎ 主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 ‎ ‎ 被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 ‎ 如： Many people speak English.‎ 被动语态 English is spoken by many people.‎ ‎2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus ‎ ‎3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词 ‎4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如：‎ ‎ Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。‎ ‎ Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。‎ ‎5. 给某人某样东西 give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。‎ ‎ give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。‎ ‎6. all day 整天 ‎7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐 ‎8. by mistake 错误地 如：‎ ‎ I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。‎ ‎9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴 ‎ make sb./sth. +名词 让…做… It made me laugh. 它让我发笑 ‎10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop. ‎ 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。‎ ‎11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如：‎ I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work.‎ ‎ 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。‎ ‎12. according to +名词 根据… 如： according to an legend according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话 ‎13. over an open fire 野饮 ‎ ‎14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves ‎15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river ‎16. fall into 落入 掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike. ‎ 她从她自行车摔倒了。‎ ‎17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 ‎ ‎ 如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 ‎ very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 ‎ ‎ 如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩 ‎ 注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如：‎ ‎ I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。‎ ‎18. in the way 这样 ‎ ‎19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 ‎ pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快 ‎ please v. 使高兴 使同意 ‎20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的 ‎ ‎ 是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词 ‎21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 ‎ ‎22. travel around 周游 ‎23. more than === over 超过 如：‎ ‎ more than 300 == over 300 超过300‎ ‎24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用 ‎ 如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt.‎ ‎ 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。‎ ‎25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态 ‎ 现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词 ‎26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生 ‎27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的 ‎28. knock into 撞上(某人)‎ ‎29. divide sth. into … 将…划分成..‎ 通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如：‎ Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。‎ ‎30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如：‎ ‎ Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。‎ ‎【九年级英语 Unit10】‎ ‎1. 过去完成时 ‎ (1) 构成：由助动词had + 过去分词 构成 ‎ 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadn’t ‎ ‎ (2) 用法 ‎ 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了 的动作。‎ ‎ (3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。‎ ‎①表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示 ‎②也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示 ‎ ‎ ③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。‎ When I got there, you had already eaten you meal. ‎ 当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。‎ By the time he got here, the bus had left. ‎ 到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了 ‎2. by the time 直到…时候 ‎ 指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间 如：‎ By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper. ‎ 在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。‎ ‎3. 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 leave + 地点 ‎ 而不是forget+地点 如：Unluckily, I left my book at home ‎. 不幸的是，我把书忘在家里了。‎ ‎4. close v. 关 adv. 接近地 靠近地 closed adj. 关的 ‎5. come out 出来 ‎ ‎6. on time 按时 准时 既不早也不迟 in time 及时 指在时限到来之前 ‎7. luckily adv. 幸运地 lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 好运 ‎8. give sb. a ride 让某搭便车 如：‎ ‎ He often gives me a ride to school. 他经常让我搭便车去学校。‎ ‎9.only just 刚刚好、恰好 ‎ ‎10. go off (闹钟)闹响 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了。‎ ‎11. break down 坏掉 ‎ ‎12. fool n. 傻子 呆子 v. 愚弄 欺骗 如：‎ ‎ He is a fool. 他是一个呆子。 ‎ ‎ We can’t fool our teach. 我们不能欺骗我们的教师。(动词)‎ ‎13. show up 出现 出席 She didn’t show up last night. 昨晚她没有出现 ‎14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某做事 如：‎ ‎ My friend invited me to watch TV. 我的朋友邀请我看电视。‎ ‎15. set off 激起 出发 set up 建立 ‎16. ①so … that 如此…以致于 引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词.‎ ‎②so that作“为了”时，引导目的状语从句，从句常出现情态动词，‎ ‎ 作结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词 。‎ 如：She got up early so that she could catch the bus. ‎ 为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)‎ ‎ She was so sad that she couldn’t say a word. ‎ 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)‎ ‎17. flee from 从…逃跑 避开 如： ‎ ‎ They fled from their home. 他们从他们的家里逃了出来。‎ ‎18. thrill v . 使人非常激动，使人非常紧张 ‎ thrilled adj. 指某人感到激动或感到紧张 ‎ thrilling adj. 指某事物使人心情激动 ‎19. get married 结婚 ‎20. convince v. 使信服 convincing adj. 令人信服的 ‎21. land v. 着落 ‎22. be late for 迟到 ‎23. a piece of 一片/块/张 如： a piece of paper/ bread ‎ ‎ 一张纸/ 一块面包 ‎【九年级英语Unit 11】‎ ‎1.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。‎ ‎ ①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语　构成 ‎ 　常由下面的一些连接词引导：‎ ‎ ②由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 ‎ He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。‎ ‎ ③由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)‎ ‎ I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. ‎ 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。‎ ‎ ④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义 ‎ Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？‎ ‎ ⑤从句时态要与主句一致 ‎ 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 ‎ He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。‎ ‎ I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。‎ ‎ She wants to know if I have finished my homework. ‎ 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。‎ ‎ Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？‎ ‎ 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过 去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)‎ ‎ He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。‎ ‎ I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。‎ She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. ‎ 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。‎ Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？‎ ‎2. get v. 得到、买、到达 ‎3. make a telephone call 打电话 ‎ ‎4. save money 省钱、存钱 ‎ ‎5. ①问路常用的句子：‎ ‎ Do you know where …is ?‎ ‎ Can you tell me how can I get to …?‎ Could you tell me how to get to …？‎ ‎②Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. ‎ 表示十分客气地询问事情 ‎　③Could you tell me how to get to the park?‎ 请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how to get to the park ‎ 是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，可是 相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）如：‎ I don’t know how to solve the problem. ==‎ ‎ I don’t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题 ‎ Can you tell me when to leave? ==‎ ‎ Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开？‎ ‎6. 日常交际用语：‎ ‎ take the elevator / escalator to the … floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼 ‎ turn left / right === take a left / right 向左/ 右转 ‎ go past 经过 go straight 向前直走 ‎7. next to 旁边、紧接着 如：Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。‎ ‎8. between … and… 在…和…之间 ‎ 如: Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。‎ ‎9. decide to do 决定做… ‎ She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。‎ ‎ decide v. decision n. ‎ ‎ make a decision 做个决定 ‎10. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？‎ ‎ 中的to hang out修饰前面名词place，不定式作定语. ‎ 如：There are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词 something，作定语.‎ ‎11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”‎ 如： She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。‎ ‎12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的 ‎13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的 ‎14. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假 ‎15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成..‎ ‎ 如：He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. ‎ ‎ 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。‎ ‎16. on the beach 在海滩上 的介词用 on ‎17. politely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的 ‎18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于 ‎ Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。‎ ‎ We can’t depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。‎ ‎ That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。‎ ‎19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有：‎ ‎ prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。‎ ‎ prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。‎ ‎ prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… I prefer dogs to cats. ‎ 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。‎ ‎ prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着 ‎ prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 ‎ ‎ I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。‎ ‎20. on the other hand 另一方面 ‎21. 把…借给某人 lend sb. sth. ＝＝ lend sth.to sb. 如：‎ ‎ Lily lent me her book. == Lily lent her book to me .‎ 莉莉把她的书借给了我。‎ ‎22. such as 例如 ‎23. I’m sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。‎ ‎24. in a way 在某种程度说 ‎25. in order to do 为了做… 表目的 如：‎ ‎ He got up early in order to catch the first bus.‎ ‎ 他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。‎ ‎26. 等级/同级比较：as…as ， not as/so…as ‎①as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as ‎ 表示“和…一样的…”“…和…一样的…” ‎ ‎ 　如：　He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。‎ ‎ ②否定式：not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as ‎ ‎== not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as ‎ He doesn’t work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。‎ ‎27. hand in 上交 ‎【九年级英语Unit12】‎ ‎1. be supposed to do .　应该　如：‎ ‎ We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。‎ ‎　知识拓展　表示应该的词有：should, ought to ,be supposed to ‎ ‎2. shake hands　握手　　shake 本意是“摇动、震动”‎ ‎3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.‎ 你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是 ‎“情态动词＋现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做 如：She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去）‎ ‎4. be relaxed about sth.　对某事随意、不严格　如：‎ ‎　　They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。‎ ‎5. pretty 　adv. 相当,很＝very　She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。‎ ‎ adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。‎ ‎6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事　如：‎ ‎　She has made plans to go to Beijing.==She has planed to go to Beijing.‎ ‎7. drop by 访问　看望　拜访　串门 ‎　　We just dropped by our friends’‎ ‎ homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。‎ ‎8. on time 按时 ‎9.　after all 毕竟　终究　如：‎ ‎　　　You see I was right after all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。‎ ‎10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事　如：‎ ‎　　　Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。‎ ‎11. without 没有 ‎12. around the world == all over the world 全世界 ‎13. pick up 捡起　挑选　如：He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。‎ ‎14. start doing == start to do 开始做某事　如 ‎　　He started reading.== He started to read. 他开始读。‎ ‎15. point at 指向　‎ ‎16. stick v. 剌　截　　n. 棒，棍　‎ ‎ chopstick 筷子　是由chop(砍)＋stick(棒)合成，‎ 通常用复数形式：chopsticks ‎17. go out of one’s way to do 特意，专门做某事　如：‎ ‎　　He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。‎ ‎18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）‎ ‎19. be different from 与…不同　　如：‎ ‎　　　Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.‎ ‎20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…‎ get/be used to doing　习惯于…‎ ‎ 　 be used to do 　　被用于做…‎ ‎ be used for doing　被用于做…‎ ‎ used to do 过去常常做…　如： ‎ I wash clothes everyday. But I’m used to it.‎ 我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了 I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。‎ ‎ The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。‎ ‎ The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。‎ ‎　 She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。‎ ‎21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。‎ I find it difficult to remember everything.‎ ‎ 形式宾语　　 真正宾语 常见的形式宾语有：‎ ‎　　find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如：‎ ‎　 I think it hard to study English.‎ ‎22. cut up 切开　切碎　如：Let’s cut up the water melon. ‎ 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。‎ ‎23. make a toast 敬酒 ‎24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded ‎25. set n. 一套　　v. 设置 ‎26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事　I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑 ‎27. make faces　做鬼脸　　‎ ‎28.　face to face 面对面 ‎29. learn…by oneself 自学　如：‎ ‎　　　I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。‎