2018河南中考专项复习之形容词副词精讲精练有答案

2018河南中考专项复习之形容词副词精讲精练有答案

‎【基础知识巩固】‎ 一． 语法讲解-形容词、副词 ‎（一）形容词和副词概述 ‎ 形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。‎ ‎ 一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词。在形式上，许多副词带有后缀ly。形容词、副词是中学英语重要语法项目，也是中考重要考查内容。‎ 考查重点是： （1）考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，中考非常注重对此进行考查，在单项选择题中出现了大量此类试题。‎ ‎（2）考查“级”的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。‎ ‎（3）考查比较级、最高级的注意点：‎ ‎ ①同类事物进行比较。‎ ‎ ②将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较，因为主语只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自己相比。‎ ‎ ③使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内，否则离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。‎ ‎（4）考查比较级的重要句型。比较级有许多热点句型：from bad to worse/worse and worse(每况愈下)；more and more(越来越多的，越来越……)；the+比较级，the+比较级(越……越……)。‎ ‎（5）考查as．．．as同级比较句型。‎ ‎（6）考查比较级的程度修饰语。比较级的程度修饰语有：much，a 1ot，even，still，a bit，a little等。‎ ‎（7）考查易混形容词与副词的区别 ‎（二）形容词 ‎1.形容词的用法 ‎ ‎ 形容词的用法和位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。‎ ‎（1）形容词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，放在连系动词之后。如： Computers are very useful in our everyday life． Leaves turn yellow in autumn．‎ ‎（2）形容词作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，通常放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如： This is an unhealthy diet． There is nothing important in today’s newspaper．‎ ‎（3)形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，与其构成复合宾语。如： You should keep your classroom clean and tidy． I found it difficult to get on well with the manager．‎ ‎2.形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。如：‎ ‎　 I have something important to tell you. ‎ ‎　 Is there anything interesting in the film. ‎ ‎3. the＋形容词表示一类人或物。如：‎ ‎ The rich should help the poor.‎ ‎4.几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：‎ 限定语（the/a/an）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+origin（国籍、来源）+material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+名词；如：‎ a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,‎ the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paintings ‎（三）副词 ‎1.副词的用法 ‎ 副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。）副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当定语、表语等。如： It’s snowing heavily outside．（状语，修饰动词） I have never heard such a beautiful voice．（状语，修饰动词） unluckily, he failed in this physics exam again．（状语，修饰整个句子） He was too excited to say a word．（状语，修饰形容词） Class is ‎ over．（表语） The weather here is different from that of Singapore．(定语)‎ ‎2.副词的类别 ‎ 副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义，副词可分为下列六大类： 1）时间副词。时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon，already，now， today, tomorrow, yesterday, late, early,等。例如：‎ ‎ He often comes to school late.‎ ‎ What are we going to do tomorrow?‎ ‎ He is never been to Beijing.‎ ‎ 2）地点副词。地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, above,below,downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, on, in, out等。例如：‎ ‎ I met an old friend of mine on my way home.‎ ‎ He went upstairs.‎ ‎ Put down your name here.‎ ‎ 3）疑问副词。是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：‎ ‎ How are you getting along with your studies?‎ ‎ Where were you yesterday?‎ ‎ Why did you do that?‎ ‎ 4）程度副词。程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：‎ ‎ Her pronunciation is very good.‎ ‎ She sings quite well.‎ ‎ I can hardly agree with you.‎ ‎ 5）方式副词。方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, hard, alone, high等。例如：‎ ‎ The old man walked home slowly.‎ ‎ Please listen to the teacher carefully.‎ ‎ The birds are flying high.‎ ‎ He runs very fast.‎ ‎ 6）频度副词。常用的有：always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom,hardly,never等。‎ 3. 副词的位置 ‎ 1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：‎ Mr Smith works very hard.‎ She speaks English well.‎ ‎ 2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：‎ ‎ He usually gets up early.‎ ‎ I’ve never heard him singing.‎ ‎ She is seldom ill.‎ ‎ 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：‎ ‎ It is a rather difficult job.‎ ‎ He runs very fast.‎ ‎ He didn’t work hard enough.‎ ‎ 4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：‎ ‎ On my way home, I met my uncle.‎ ‎ The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. ‎ 5）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：‎ ‎ We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.‎ ‎（三）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化 形容词、副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，其构成形式如下：‎ ‎1.规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词未尾加-er, -est tall hard taller harder tallest hardest 以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice able nicer abler nicest ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est big fat thin hot bigger fatter thinner hotter biggest fatest thinnest ‎ hottest ‎"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est busy busier busiest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级 important easily more important more easily most important most easily 注：①多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more,most.‎ ‎　　polite---more polite---most polite exciting---more exciting---most exciting ‎　　interesting-more interesting-most interesting carefully--more carefully--most carefully ‎　　quickly--more quickly--most quickly happily--more happily--most happily ‎　　②表示“较不---”和“最不----”时，可用less和least.‎ ‎　　difficult---less difficult---least difficult 例如：interesting 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 注意：many, old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别 ①如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。‎ ②old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 ‎ My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.‎ ③far有两种比较级，farther，further..在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步 I have nothing further to say.‎ ‎3.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 ‎（1）原级 ‎ 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+ as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。如：‎ This building looks not so (as)high as that one.‎ Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .‎ This room is three times as large as that one.‎ ‎（2）比较级：‎ ‎ 表示一方超过另一方时，两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用“比较级+than”的结构。如：‎ ‎　　 Our teacher is taller than we are. ‎ ‎　　 The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.‎ 注意：‎ ‎1）比较对象的一致性 The weather in China is different from__ __.‎ A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America ‎ 解析：本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。‎ ‎2）注意比较对象的省略或隐藏：有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。‎ ①.请看下面这三道选择题：‎ If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.‎ ‎ A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much ‎ happier time 解析：本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中，即：与没有考试的时候相比。本题答案选D。‎ I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen____________.‎ ‎ A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 解析：由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知，“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”，省略了than this one。本题答案是B。‎ It takes a long time to go there by train; it's ________by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker 解析：由语境可知，句末省略了than by train，用比较级。本题答案是D。‎ ‎ ②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。‎ This room is less beautiful than that one.‎ ‎ ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far等修饰；‎ He works even harder than before.‎ ‎④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级（主语+谓语），the +比较级（主语+谓语）”‎ 的结构（意为“越……越……”）；‎ The harder he wors, the happier he feels.‎ ‎⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+ and+比较级”的结构；‎ The weather is getting colder and colder.‎ The girl becomes more and more beautiful.‎ ‎⑥在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词；‎ The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.‎ A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.‎ （3） 最高级 ‎ 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the +最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比 较范围的介词短语。‎ Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.‎ He works(the)hardest in his class.‎ ‎ Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.‎ ‎ 注意： most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 "极,很,非常, 十分"。 ‎ ‎　　 It's most dangerous to be here. ‎ ‎　　 在这儿太危险。 ‎ ‎　‎ ‎【典型例题讲解】‎ ‎1. —Where shall we eat tonight?‎ ‎ —Let’s call Harry. He ____ knows the best places to go.‎ A. only B. nearly C. seldom D. always ‎2.My grandpa told a good story, but I told a ____ one.‎ A .good B. better C. best D. worse ‎3.---George, how can you prove the earth is round?‎ ‎ ---I can’t ,sir.______, I never said it was.‎ A. Then B. However C. Besides D. Instead ‎4.Yao Ming is ______Chinese basketball player that ever played in NBA.‎ ‎ A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ‎5.—What do you think of the dress?‎ ‎ —Wonderful. I don’t think I can find a _________ one.‎ ‎ A. good B. better C. bad D. worst ‎6.—Excuse me，sir. The shoes are a bit small for me.‎ ‎ —Don’t worry．I’ll change them for a size.‎ ‎ A smaller B smallest C larger D largest ‎7.I often laugh when I see my grandma learning pop songs But she says，“One is never old to learn’’‎ ‎ A too B so C very D quite ‎8.—Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?‎ ‎ —OK. But a dress might be __ .‎ A. good B. better C. bad D. worse ‎9.—How far is it to the airport ? 20 kilometers? —No, it’s ________.About 30 kilometers.‎ A. far B. farther C. the farther D. the farthest ‎10.—Ms Lin is very popular among the students.‎ ‎—Yes. Her classes are ________ lively and interesting.‎ A. always B. sometimes C. hardly D. never ‎11.--I am getting each month．I can’t put on my jeans．‎ ‎ --I’m afraid you have to take exercise every day．‎ A．heavy B．heavier C．the heavier D．the heaviest ‎12.一You are standing too near to the Ⅳ．Can you move a bit____?‎ 一0K．Mum．Is it all fight here? ‎ A．faster B．slower C．farther D．nearer ‎13.—Tom is good at drawing. How about Mike?‎ ‎—Mike is __________, I think. He has got more prizes than Tom.‎ A. well B. worse C. good D. better ‎14.Maybe I have heard of the story before, but I can ________ remember it.‎ A. hardly B. really C. mostly D. easily ‎15.—Who is Ren Changxia?‎ ‎—A great policewoman. She always thought _________ of others than herself.‎ A. more B. much C. less D. most ‎【随堂练习巩固】‎ ‎1. Don’t worry. We have ___________food in the fridge now.‎ A. much 　 B. many 　 C. little ‎2. It is ___________to do things well than do big things poorly.‎ A. worse 　 B. funnier 　 C. better ‎3. —How do you like the book you read yesterday?[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]‎ ‎—Oh! It’s one of ______ books I’ve ever read. [来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]‎ A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting ‎4.It is ______ for me to follow the Australian guests because I am good at English.[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ A. bad B. easy C. hard D. right ‎5. Sam and Sandy are twin brothers. But Sam is than Sandy.‎ ‎ A. more outgoing B. very outgoing C. the most outgoing ‎6.The bread smells _________ and it sells ________.‎ ‎ A. well; good B. good; good C. good; well D. well; well ‎7. He was very ill, but now he is out of danger. [来源:学科网]‎ ‎ A. dangerous B. safe C. safely D. in danger ‎8. Da Shan is _________ at Chinese. He can speak Chinese very _________. ‎ ‎ A. good,good B. well,well C. good,well D. well,good ‎9. The Yangzhi River is one of __________ in the world.‎ ‎ A. the longest rivers B. the longest river C. longer rivers D. longer river[来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:学科 ‎10. How ______ Cindy grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now. ‎ A. cute B. strong C. fast D. straight ‎ ‎11. Water is the cheapest drink. And it is also ______. ‎ A. healthier B. healthiest C. the healthier D. the healthiest ‎ ‎12. It’s possible to get $100 a day in this company , and some days you can get ______.[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]‎ A. much B. more C. little D. fewer ‎13. －Of the three TV programs, which one do you think is ________?‎ ‎ －I think A Bite of China is.‎ A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting ‎14. Tom, a ________ boy, can speak English quite well. He wants to learn________ language next term.[来源:om]‎ A. twelve-years-old; second B. twelve year old; the second C. twelve-year-old; a second ‎ ‎15.— He was chosen to be a volunteer of the Olympic Games.‎ ‎ — Great! No one speaks English _______ him.‎ ‎ A. as beautiful as B. as badly as C. worse than D. better than ‎ ‎16. —We’ve no money and the last bus has gone. Any______idea?‎ A. funny B. bright C. opposite D. correct ‎17.– Do you enjoy Han Lei’s songs?‎ ‎ -- Yes. He is the winner of I’m Singer II. I can’t think of anyone with a ______ voice.‎ ‎ A. better B. best C. more D. most ‎18.You have to be ______ and wait until I finish my work.       A. patient    B. strict   C. honest   D. active[来源:m ‎19.There will be _______ jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people.    A. many    B. more     C. fewer    D. fewest ‎20.—The relation between the two countries gets _________. A war seems to break out soon .‎ ‎--I hope they will make peace with each other .‎ A. worse and worse B. better and better C. more and more peaceful ‎ ‎21. There will be _______ jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people.     A. many    B. more     C. fewer    D. fewest 22. Overseas experience may help make our life . So why not try to study abroad?‎ ‎ A. usual B. useful C. successful D. traditional ‎23.People who eat a balanced diet should be ________ than those who only eat hamburgers.‎ ‎ A. clever B. cleverer C. healthy D. healthier[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]‎ ‎24.Taobao.com is one of ________ shopping websites in China.‎ ‎ A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest ‎25.—Is your headache getting _______? —No, it’s worse.‎ A. better B. bad C. less D. well ‎26. Lucy is a(n) student, she answers the teachers’ questions in her class.‎ ‎ A. more active; more actively B. active; more actively ‎ C. more active; the most actively D. active; the most actively ‎27. --- Is there_____ beef in the fridge?‎ ‎ --- No, there isn’t. There is ______ pork.‎ A. some; any B. any; any C. some; some D. any; some ‎28. Mo Yan is one of _____ writers in the world.‎ A. famous B.more famous C. most famous D. the most famous ‎29. Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose the_____ one to save some money for a cap.‎ A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive ‎30. Leo was so __________that he rushed to the kitchen ,hoping to find something to eat.‎ A. thirsty B. hungry C. tired D. sleepy ‎【课后强化练习】‎ ‎1.—Why do people there _______use umbrella in the sun ?‎ ‎---Because they would rather enjoy the sunshine .‎ A. hardly B. often C. always [来源:学科网]‎ ‎2. Li Ke ___________runs in the morning, for he wants to be healthy.‎ A. never 　B. often　 C. hardly[来源:Z#xx#k.Com][来源:学科网]‎ ‎3.—What happened outside just now?‎ ‎—A car hit a man. ______, the man wasn’t badly hurt.[来源:学科网]‎ A. Luckily B. Hardly C. Unluckily D. Especially[来源:学科网]‎ ‎4 If my friends have any problems, my door is ______ open to them.‎ A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always ‎5.----Fred is studying Chinese in one evening school.‎ ‎ ---Is that true? He has told me about it.‎ ‎ A. ever B. even C. already D. never ‎6.—Where shall we eat tonight?‎ ‎ —Let’s call Harry. He ____ knows the best places to go.‎ A. only B. nearly C. seldom D. always ‎7.Write_______ and try not to make any mistakes.‎ A. as carefully as you can B. as careful as possible C. more careful[来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:Z.xx.k.Com]‎ ‎8.- It's said that Mo Yan's speech was wonderful.‎ ‎ - That's true. We clapped our hands ________ many times during his speech yesterday.[来源:学&科&网]‎ ‎ A. excited B. excitedly C. exciting D. excitingly ‎9..My sister ______ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day.    A. always      B. sometimes    C. hardly    D. never ‎10.Lin Fang comes home ________ than before this term. She doesn’t have so many classes in the afternoon.‎ A. early B. earlier C. late D. later ‎11.——How often do you go skating?‎ ‎ ——________.I can’t skate at all.‎ ‎ A. Always B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Never ‎12. On March 8th, Flight MH 370 went missing. The news brought great sadness to us, the families of the passengers.[来源:学,科,网]‎ A. even B. only C. also D. especially ‎13.We don’t want to speak badly or ______ in front of the class.[来源:学科网]‎ A. clearly B. carefully C. carelessly D. properly 典型例题：DBCBB CABBA BCDAA 随堂练习：ACDBA CBCAC DBCCD BAACA CCDDA DDDBB ‎ 课后强化练习：ABADD DABAB DDC ‎