中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 形容词和副词

中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 形容词和副词

‎2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案 ‎(单项选择 形容词和副词)‎ 形容词是用来修饰名词的词。副词和形容词一样，在句中起修饰作用，所不同的是：形容词主要修饰名词；而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。‎ ‎ 形容词常被放在被修饰的名词前作定语，放在系动词后作表语，或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。形容词修饰不定代词时，通常后置。而enough作副词修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。‎ 一、形容词 ‎ ①形容词的用法及位置 功能 用法 例句 作 定 语 一般放在所修饰词的前面；形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后；形容词修饰疑问代词时，也须放在其后。‎ She is a beautiful girl. ‎ 她是个漂亮的女孩。 ‎ I have something important to tell you 我有些重要的事要告诉你。‎ What else can you see? ‎ 你还能看见其他什么东西？‎ 作 表 语 放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be，become，get（变成），turn(变成)，keep，feel，look（看起来），seem，smell，sound，taste。 ‎ Mike is very happy today. ‎ 迈克今天很高兴。 ‎ In spring, trees turn green ‎ 在春天，树变绿了。 ‎ 作宾语补 形容词作宾补时，应放在宾语之后，表示宾语足语 的性质、状态等。‎ I find the book interesting. ‎ 我发现这本书有趣。‎ What makes her so sad? ‎ 什么让她如此伤心？‎ ‎ ②表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。如：‎ ‎ He is 10 years old.‎ ‎ ③只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的。‎ ‎ ④貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的。‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 形容词还可以用来表示类别和整体。某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead, the living, the rich, the poor. The blind，the hungry等。例如：The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。‎ 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English, the French, the Chinese筹。例如：The English have wonderful sense of humor.英国人颇有幽默感。‎ ‎ 例题1 - Don't you think it of some teenagers to be crazy about pop stars?‎ ‎ - Well, I don't think so. We were once young and had the similar experiences.‎ ‎ A. creative B. silly C. wise D. curious ‎ 【解析】B本题考查的是形容词的辨析。根据语境，此处要选的是针对一些青少年对流行音乐明星疯狂的态度，creative有创造力的，silly愚蠢的，wise明智的，curious好奇的，此处只有silly比较符合语境。故选B项。‎ 例题2 Your picture is hers. I'm afraid you copied hers.‎ A. different from B. similar to C. good for D. not the same as ‎【解析】D本题考查形容词短语的用法。从下文I'm afraid you copied hers得知你的画与她的相似。故选B。‎ 二、副词 ‎ 副词的种类 ‎ 1. 时间副词。如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等。‎ ‎ 2. 地点副词。如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up. down, back, away. outside等。‎ ‎ 3. 方式副词。如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。‎ ‎ 4. 程度副词。如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。‎ ‎ 5. 频度副词。如：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never等。‎ ‎6. 疑问副词。如：where, when, why，how等。‎ ‎7. 关系副词。如：when, where, why等。常用来引导从句。‎ ‎ 副词的用法 ‎ 1. 副词作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。如：‎ ‎ I read very slowly.我读得很慢。‎ ‎ I really miss the old days.我真的很怀念过去的时光。‎ ‎ 2. 副词作表语，表示方位上的变化。如：‎ ‎ My father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。‎ ‎ I'm out.我在外面。‎ ‎ 3. 副词作宾语补足语。如：‎ ‎ Let him in，please.请让他进来。‎ ‎ 例题 Yesterday's maths problem was difficult. I could _______ work it out. ‎ ‎ A. finally B. easily C. hardly D. nearly ‎ 【解析】C本题考查程度副词。句意：昨天的数学题很难，我几乎做不出来。“finally”最后，“easily”容易地，“hardly”几乎不能，“nearly”几乎，将近。根据句意选择C项。‎ 注意：形容词变副词的方法 方法 例词 大多数形容词在词尾加-ly。‎ careful—carefully, quick—quickly, bright —brightly ‎ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加-ly。‎ easy— easily, happy—happily, ‎ lucky— luckily 以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词，去e再加-ly。‎ true—truly ‎ 以-le结尾的形容词，去e再加一y。‎ terrible—terribly, simple—simply, possible — possibly ‎ 以一ll结尾的形容词变为副词时，直接加一y full—fully ‎ ‎ 有些副词有两种不同的形式，一种和形容词同形，另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成，二者有区别，如：high- highly, slow- slowly等。‎ 三、常见形容词、副词的词义辨析 ‎ 1. -ing形容词与-ed形容词 ‎ -ing形容词表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰物；-ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb. +be-l--ed形容词十介词”结构。常见的形容词有interesting/interested, surprising/surprised, amazing/amazed等。‎ ‎ 2. ill与sick ‎ 两者都表示“病的，生病的”。ill只作表语，不作定语；sick既可以作表语，也可以作定语。如： The sick man has been ill for 10 years. 这个病人生病十年之久了。‎ ‎ 3. older与elder ‎ 两者都是old的比较级，但意义和用法均有区别。older意为“较老的，年龄较大的；较旧的”，常用于比较级的句型中，表示比较；但elder作定语，一般用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系，意为“年长的”。如：‎ ‎ My elder brother is nine years older than me. 我哥哥比我大9岁。‎ ‎ 4. alone与lonely ‎ alone既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独自的（地）单独的（地）”，侧重说明独自一人，指的是客观情况。lonely只作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，‎ 带有浓厚的感情色彩。如：‎ ‎ She is alone at home, but she never feels lonely. 她独自在家，但从不感到孤独。‎ ‎ 5. how long, how soon, how often与how far ‎ how long意为“多久，多长（时间）”，既可对物体长度提问，又可对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”回答。‎ ‎ how often意为“多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常用once，twice，three times a week等回答。‎ ‎ how soon意为“多快，多久”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in+时间段”回答。‎ ‎ how far意为“多远”，对距离提问。‎ ‎ 6. hard与hardly ‎ hard意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。如：‎ ‎ We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。‎ ‎ hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。如：‎ ‎ I can hardly catch up with you. Can you walk slowly?‎ ‎ 我几乎赶不上你了，你能走慢一点吗？‎ ‎ 7. too, as well, also与either ‎ too，as well，also与either都表示“也”，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在肯定句句末，too前一般用逗号隔开；而also多用于书面语，一般放在肯定句中与动词连用。either用于否定句句末。‎ ‎ 8. too much与much too ‎ too much意为“太多”，修饰动词或不可数名词。如：speak too much，too much rice。much too意为“太，非常”，修饰形容词或其它副词。如：much too cold, walk much too slow。‎ ‎ 例题 一_______do you do Yoga exercise, Linda? - ---Twice every week.‎ ‎ A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far ‎【解析】 C how soon指时间“多久，多快”，常用于将来时；how long指时间或物体的长度，意为“多长”；how often指频率，意为“多久一次”；how far指距离，意为“多远”。根据答语可知对频率提问，故选C项。‎ 四、形容词、副词的比较等级 ‎1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成 ‎①规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 直接加-er，-est tall taller tallest 以e结尾的加 -r. -st nice nicer nicest 以y结尾的，y前为辅音字母的变y为i+-er/-est heavy heavier heaviest 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写尾字母+-er／-est slim thin slimmer thinner slimmest thinnest 多音节词 more/most+形容词／副词原级 interesting beautifully more interesting more beautifully most interesting most beautifully ②不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill/badly worse worst little ‎ less ‎ least far farther/further farthest/furthest old ‎ older/elder oldest/eldest ‎ 形容词和副词比较等级的用法 ‎ ①原级的用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词／副词+as”的结构；表示双方不相同时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词／副词+as”的结构。表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+ as+原级形容词／副词+as”的结构。‎ ‎ 例如：(1) This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部一样有趣。‎ ‎ (2) Simon can't jump as high as Daniel.西蒙跳得不如丹尼尔高。‎ ‎ (3) This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。‎ ‎ ②比较级的用法：‎ ‎ (1)表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”结构。‎ ‎ (2)表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”结构。‎ ‎ (3)形容词，副词比较级前可用even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far等修饰。‎ ‎ (4) the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越来……越……”‎ ‎ ③最高级的用法：三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，形容词和副词的最高级用“the+最高级”结构来表示。形容词最高级前一定要用the。副词最高级前可省略。‎ 例题1 - How do you like the apple pie sold in the food shop next to our school?‎ ‎ - Great! It's _____________one I have ever had.‎ ‎ A. delicious B. the least delicious C. the most delicious D. more delicious ‎ 【解析】C句意：你觉得我们学校隔壁食品店的苹果派怎样？棒极了，是我吃过的最有味的。要用最高级，故选C项。‎ 例题2 ‎ Many Chinese students think science subjects are ________foreign languages.‎ ‎ A. more difficult as B. much difficult than ‎ C. less difficult than D. so difficult as ‎ 【解析】C根据句意很明显是表示两者比较，需用“比较级+ than”或“less+原级+than”结构，so…as结构只能用于否定句，故选C项。‎ ‎ 例题3 ______ kids learn to be independent, ____ it is for their future.‎ ‎ A. Earlier; better B. The earlier; the better C. The earliest; the best ‎ 【解析】B本题考查比较级的重叠。“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”意为“越……越……”。句意：小孩越早学会独立，这对他们的未来越有好处。‎ 故选B。‎ 真题测试 测试时间：25分钟 满分：60分 ‎1. ---_________ is it from the New Town to the old city centre?‎ ‎--- Less than 30 minutes by underground.‎ A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far ‎2. Why did she get so mad? It was only a _________ joke.‎ A. hopeless B. hopeful C. harmless D. harmful ‎3. I can't hear you ___________ . Something may be wrong with my telephone A. carefully B. clearly C. quietly D. slowly ‎4. ---___________pocket money do you usually get every mc9nth?‎ ‎--- Fifty yuan. What about you?‎ A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How much ‎5. --- How do you like the piece of music Water by Tan Dun?‎ ‎--- Wonderful! It's the _________ one I've ever listened to.‎ ‎ A. better B. best C. worse D. worst ‎6. Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital. But after a week's rest, she felt ‎ much ________ and went back to school.‎ ‎ A. good B. better C. bad D. worse ‎7. This kind of plant is _________ seen in our city because it lives ‎4500m above sea level and is hard to find.‎ ‎ A. commonly B. always C. seldom D. easily ‎8. --- The Internet service fees are too high, and the speed is too slow.‎ ‎ --- That's why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators (运营商 ) to provide________ Internet.‎ ‎ A. many cheaper and quicker B. very cheaper and quicker ‎ C. more cheaper and quicker D. much cheaper and quicker ‎9. --- Why are you looking ________in class all day?‎ ‎ --- Because I can't finish my homework until eleven every night.‎ ‎ A. awake B. asleep C. sleeping D. sleepy ‎10. --- Jenny, shall we watch the movie Fast & Farious 7 this weekend?‎ ‎--- It sounds __________! I can't wait to see it!‎ A. strange B. bad C. great D. awful ‎11. ---_________ will Jenny return to China? ---In three days.‎ ‎ A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far ‎12. The model Sydney Opera House looks_________ the real one in Australia.‎ ‎ A. as wonderful as B. as wonderfully as C. so wonderful as D. so wonderfully as ‎13. --- This dress is too expensive. Do you have others?‎ ‎ --- Sorry, but that's the _______ one.‎ ‎ A. biggest B. smallest C. cheapest D. longest ‎14. Audrey Hepburn, one of the greatest actresses, was _____ to take on challenges in her life.‎ ‎ A. enough brave B. brave enough C. stupid enough D. enough stupid ‎15. With the development of modern industry, there will be ____ living space for wild animals.‎ ‎ A. fewer and fewer B. less and less C. more and more D. bigger and bigger ‎16. --- I hear it's not easy to get a ticket for Fast & Furiour 7.‎ ‎ --- Exactly. The film is the _________one this year.‎ ‎ A. less exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. least exciting ‎17. In North America, ________ meat eaters are bears and mountain lions. They eat smaller ‎ animals such as rabbits and mice.‎ ‎ A. smallest B. the smallest C. largest D. the largest ‎18. I jumped ________ than ill in the sports meet last year.‎ ‎ A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest ‎19. Alex did the project on community service _______ better than his classmates.‎ ‎ A. so B. very C. too D. much ‎20. Roy thinks he works as _____________ as his friend, Dan.‎ ‎ A. hardly B. harder C. hard D. more hardly ‎21. A person who is ____________ does not tell lies or cheat people.‎ ‎ A. careless B. stupid C. honest D. humorous ‎22. --- I hate vegetables. I __________ eat them.‎ ‎ --- But they are good for your health! You should eat them every day.‎ ‎ A. always B. seldom C. often D. usually ‎23. --- How are you getting along with your English study?‎ ‎--- Much better. I don't feel it as ___________ as before.‎ ‎ A. interesting B. much C. difficult D. easy ‎24. We will have to set off ___________ to avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning.‎ ‎ A. early B. quietly C. slowly D. politely ‎25. --- It's said that Mo Yan's speech was wonderful.‎ ‎--- That's true. We clapped our hands _________many times during his speech yesterday.‎ A. excited B. excitedly C. exciting D. excitingly ‎26. --- What ______ news! The Chinese Women's Badminton Team won the Uber Cup again.‎ ‎--- Really? That's great !‎ A. interesting B. interested C. exciting D. excited ‎27. A little wine will not be __________ to your health. Just don't drink too much.‎ A. helpful B. helpless C. harmful D. harmless ‎28. Mum likes making pies and the pies she cooks always taste ___________.‎ A. good B. well C. bad D. badly ‎29. Gong Li has been considered as an__________actress again because she was experienced in acting the film Coming Home.‎ A. energetic B. elegant C. excellent D. easy-going ‎30. That's a bad habit of learning. _____________ , it is never too late for you to get out of it.‎ ‎ A. Instead B. Anyway C. Finally D. Similarly 模拟测试 测试时间：25分钟 满分：60分 ‎1. If there is _____________pollution, the air in our city will be______________dirtier.‎ A. less; more B. more; much C. less; less D. more; more ‎2. ---The exam is coming!‎ ‎--- Yes, our teacher often tells us we can't be _________ careful while taking exams.‎ ‎ A. too B. very C. quite D. so ‎3. My sister is a ___________ person. She feels sure about her own ability.‎ A. confident B. selfish C. patient D. humorous ‎4. --- Do you think the fish tastes _________?‎ ‎--- She cooked it ____________ , I think.‎ A. good; good B. good; well C. well; well D. well; good ‎5. What a terrible experience! ___________, you re safe now - that's the main thing.‎ ‎ A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. Indeed ‎6. --- What do you think of our performance on the charity show?‎ ‎ --- Wonderful! I don't think I can see a __________ one.‎ ‎ A. bad B. worse C. good D. better ‎7. --- Mum, my little sister is crying all the time ‎ - Jane, be __________! She feels sick. You should take good care of her.‎ ‎ A. lazy B. patient C. polite D. fair ‎8. ---Where did you go on holiday this winter, France?‎ ‎ --- You are _____________. We went on a seven-day tour to London.‎ ‎ A. funny B. right C. cool D. close ‎9. ---____________ is the bus stop to your home?‎ ‎ --- It takes 5 minutes to walk there.‎ ‎ A. How far B. How much C. How long D. How often ‎10. Turn on the TV, there is____________ .‎ ‎ A. important something B. important nothing ‎ C. something important D. nothing important ‎11. --- Tom often gets full marks in English tests, but he never shows off.‎ ‎ --- I agree. He is very________________ .‎ ‎ A. organized B. modest C. creative D. curious ‎12. It's best to stay indoors, ___________ when PM2. 5 has reached dangerous levels.‎ ‎ A. exactly B. possibly C. especially D. generally ‎13. --- Did you have a sound sleep last night?‎ ‎--- Yes, never slept ______________ .‎ ‎ A. better B. best C. badly D. worse ‎14. ---____________ do you call your mother or your father?‎ ‎ --- I seldom do that now. Instead, I chat with them in our Wechat Group every day.‎ ‎ A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often ‎15. --- How hot it is today! The highest temperature is up to ‎28℃‎.‎ ‎--- Yes But it is __________ yesterday. The highest temperature yesterday was ‎30℃‎.‎ ‎ A a little hotter than B. as hot as C. not so hot as D. much hotter than ‎16. ---_____________would you like your coffee?‎ ‎ --- Black. Don't put any sugar in it, please.‎ ‎ A. When B. How C. Why D. What ‎17. To make our environment ___________polluted, everyone needs to take more action ‎ A. less B. more C. fewer D. most ‎18. Hanggai Band got the first prize in the competition of Sing My Song. They are very _____‎ ‎ with many people who like their style.‎ ‎ A. strict B. popular C. similar D. welcome ‎19. ---Will the volleyball match be covered _________ ?‎ ‎ --- Yes. But if you are not a sports fan, you might find it a bit ‎ A. alive; boring B. alive; bored C.1ive; boring D. live; bored ‎20. --- He was chosen to be a volunteer for the Yangzhou Expo.‎ ‎--- Great! No one speaks English __________ him.‎ ‎ A as beautiful as B. as badly as C. worse than D. better than ‎21. To an engineer, a miss is ___________ a mile. They can't afford to make any mistakes.‎ ‎ A. as good as B. as well as C. as many as D. as much as ‎22. The film We Were Soldiers is __________ one that I have ever seen.‎ A. the most exciting B. more exciting C. the most excited D. more excited ‎23. ---What do you think of the traffic in our city?‎ ‎ --- It's ___________ than it used to be, but there's still a long way to go.‎ ‎ A. worse B. worst C. better D. best ‎24. --- Are you satisfied with her answer?‎ ‎ --- Not at all. It couldn't have been _____________.‎ ‎ A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst ‎25. --- How do you like the book?‎ ‎--- Very useful. Community safety is _________ introduced in it.‎ ‎ A. probably B. naturally C. usually D. specially ‎26. The experience you get for yourself is __________ than that from others.‎ ‎ A. more valuable B. much valuable C. more value D. much value ‎27. --- Do you like reading e-books on your mobile phone?‎ ‎--- No, I __________ do that because it's harmful to my eyes.‎ A. often B. sometimes C. hardly D. usually ‎28. The number of people present at the concert was________ than we expected.‎ A. much fewer B. much smaller C. much more D. many more ‎29. Jack does his homework _______Mary. So they both always get good grades in the exams.‎ A. as careful as B. as carefully as C. so careful as D. so carefully as ‎30. --- We'll take our _________ exam next month.‎ ‎ --- How time flies ! We are leaving school soon.‎ A. final B. middle C. first D. central ‎ 答案 真题测试 ‎1-5. DCBDB 6-10. BCDDC 11-15. BACBB ‎16-20. CDBDC 21-25 CBCAB 26-30. CCACB 模拟测试 ‎1-5. BAABA 6-10. DBDAC 11-15. BCADC ‎16-20. BABCD 21-25. AACAD 26-30. ACBBA