重庆中考英语定语从句

重庆中考英语定语从句

‎2017重庆中考英语---定语从句 ‎（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。‎ 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 ‎ 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。‎ 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. ‎ ‎2) You must do everything that I do. ‎ 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。‎ 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 ‎（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎1.who指人，在从句中做主语 ‎(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.‎ ‎(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.‎ ‎2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。‎ ‎ (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. ‎ ‎ 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。‎ ‎ (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.‎ ‎3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 ‎ (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) ‎ ‎ (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)‎ ‎4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。‎ 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。‎ ‎ (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)‎ ‎ (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)‎ ‎5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 ‎ (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.‎ ‎ (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.‎ ‎ whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 ‎(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?‎ ‎=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?‎ 注：that 用法 ‎(1)不用that的情况 ‎ ‎ (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 ‎ ‎ (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. ‎ ‎ (b) 介词后不能用。 ‎ ‎ We depend on the land from which we get our food. ‎ ‎ We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. ‎ ‎ (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 ‎ ‎ (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 ‎ ‎ (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 ‎ ‎ (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 ‎ ‎ (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. ‎ ‎ (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 ‎ ‎ (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时． ‎ ‎ (g) 为了避免重复． ‎ ‎ (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 ‎ ‎ (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 ‎ ‎ 举例： ‎ ‎ Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? ‎ ‎ 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？ ‎ ‎ Who that break the window should be punished． ‎ ‎ 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚． ‎ ‎ All that is needed is a supply of oil. ‎ ‎ 所需的只是供油问题。 ‎ ‎ Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. ‎ ‎ 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 ‎ ‎（三）、关系副词引导定语从句 ‎ 关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语 ‎ ‎ 关系副词=介词+关系代词 ‎ ‎ why=for which ‎ ‎ where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) ‎ ‎ when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) ‎ ‎ 1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 ‎ ‎ (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. ‎ ‎ (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. ‎ ‎ 2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 ‎ ‎ (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. ‎ ‎ (2) The time when we got together finally came.‎ ‎[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 ‎ ‎ By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. ‎ 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 ‎ ‎ I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 ‎ ‎ Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 ‎ 每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 ‎ ‎ 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 ‎ ‎ (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. ‎ ‎ (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. ‎ ‎ 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 ‎ ‎ (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, ‎ ‎ (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. ‎ 注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 ‎ ‎ 2）that前不能有介词。 ‎ ‎3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同 关系副词when ,where和why 互换。‎ ‎ This is the house in which I lived two years ago. ‎ ‎ This is the house where I lived two years ago. ‎ ‎ Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? ‎ ‎ Do you remember the day when you joined our club? ‎ ‎ This is the reason why he came late. ‎ ‎ This is the reason for which he came late. ‎ 三、练习 练习一 ‎（一） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 　　1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.‎ ‎ 　　2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.‎ ‎ 　　3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.‎ ‎ 　　4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.‎ ‎ 　　5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.‎ ‎ 　　6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.‎ ‎ 　　7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. ‎ ‎ 　　8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.‎ ‎ 　　9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.‎ ‎ 　　10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.‎ ‎ （二） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 　　1. The house _______ we live in is very big. 　　2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very ‎ clever. 　　3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday. 　　4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer. 　　5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited. 　　6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him. 　　7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class. 　　8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children. 　　9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 　　10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League. 练习二 一、单项填空 　　1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? 　　 　---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. 　　A. he 　　　B. that 　　　C. whom 　　　D. which 2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. 　　A. who 　　　B. which 　　　C. they　　　 D. where 　　3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. 　　A. which 　　　B. when 　　　C. who 　　　D. whom 　　4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.‎ A. who 　　　B. whom 　　　C. he 　　　D. which 　　5. This is the place _____I have ever visited. 　　A. there　　　 B. when　　　 C. where 　　　D. which 　　6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. 　　A. that 　　　B. which 　　　C. why 　　　D. when 　　7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life. 　　A. that 　　　B. which 　　　C. where 　　　D. why 　　8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived. 　　A. when 　　　B. where 　　　C. that 　　　D. which 　　9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family. 　　A. when 　　　B. where 　　　C. that 　　　D. on which 　　10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. 　　A. who 　　　B. that　　　 C. whose 　　　D. which 　　11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation. 　　A. that 　　　B. which 　　　C. when 　　　D. where 　　12. This is the house _______ I want to buy. 　　A. in which 　　　B. that 　　　C. whose 　　　D. where 　　13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. 　　A. which 　　　B. that 　　　C. when 　　　D. where 　　14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. 　　A. that 　　　B. which 　　　C. when　　　 D. where 　　15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station. 　　A. that 　　　B. which 　　　C. where　　　 D. when 　　16. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. 　　A. how 　　　B. which　　　 C. where 　　　D. that 　　17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _______, of course, made the others envy him. 　　A. who　　　 B. that 　　　C. what　　　 D. which 　　18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk ‎ frequently. 　　A. who 　　　B. as 　　　C. about which 　　　D. with whom 　　19. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. 　　A. until　　　 B. that　　　 C. when　　　 D. where 　　20. The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. 　　A. when　　　 B. whenever 　　　C. where 　　　D. wherever 　　21. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. 　　A. when 　　　B. where 　　　C. what 　　　D. that 　　22. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. 　　A. they 　　　B. it 　　　C. one 　　　D. which 　　23. Is this factory ______ you worked at? 　　A. the one 　　　B. which 　　　C. that 　　　D. where 　　24. Is this the factory _______ you worked? 　　A. where　　　 B. which 　　　C. that 　　　D. the one 　　25. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? 　　　　---Yes, he does. 　　A. which　　　 B. whose 　　　C. where 　　　D. who 　　26. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. 　　A. who　　　 B. where 　　　C. what 　　　D. that 　　27. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday? 　　　　---He has gone back to Qinghua University. 　　A. whom 　　　B. who　　　 C. whose 　　　D. which 　　28. I hate people _______ talk much but do little. 　　A. whose　　　 B. whom　　　 C. which　　　 D. who 　　29. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital? 　　A. who 　　　B. that 　　　C. whom　　　 D. whose 　　30. Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits? 　　A. which 　　　B. when 　　　C. who 　　　D. where 二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子 　　1. The boys________ are playing football are from Class One. 　　2. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. 　　3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus. 　　4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come. 　　5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys. 　　6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers. 　　7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday. 　　8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked. 　　9. Where is the man _________ I saw this morning? 　　10. The season_________ comes after spring is summer. 　　11. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country. 　　12. He has a friend ______ father is a doctor. 　　13. I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in. 　　14. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school. 　　15. The time _______ we got together finally arrived. 　　16. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born. 　　17. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 　　18. Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane. 　　19. The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us.‎ ‎ 　　20. All the people ______are present burst into tears. 　　21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _______ are well educated. 　　22. He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy. 　　23. The school ______ he once studied is very famous. 　　24. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked. 　　25. This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday. ‎ ‎2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（定语从句）‎ ‎1.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice. （2015呼和浩特）‎ A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was ‎2.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother. （2015杭州）‎ A.which B.who C.whom D.what ‎3.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.（2015广州）‎ A.that B.those C.who D.what ‎4.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.（2015福州）‎ A.that B.which C.who ‎5.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. （2015德州）‎ A.why B.whose C.who D.which ‎6.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy. （2015安顺）‎ A.that B.where C.who D.when ‎7.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday. （2015泰安）‎ A.whom B.who C.whose D.which ‎8.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything. （2015克拉玛依）‎ A. whose B. who C. when D. which ‎9.A friend is someone _____ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!” （2015武威）‎ A.who B.which C.what D.whose ‎10.This is the book _____ tells many English stories. （2015自贡）‎ A.what B.which C.who 练习一答案 ‎(一)　　1. The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother. 　　2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor. 　　3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square. 　　4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now. 　　5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day. 　　6. The car just passed us was going 90 miles. 　　7. The man who waved to us was my uncle. 　　8. I enjoyed reading the book that you gave me last week. 　　9. The subject that I prefer is science. 　　10. I spoke to the man who is a professor. ‎ ‎（二）　　1. which/ that　　2. who/ that 　　3. that/ which 　　4. who/ that 　　5. that 　　 6. that 　　　　　7. which 　　　　8. that/ which　　 9. where 　　　　10. when 练习二答案 一、单项填空　1-5 BACAD 　 6-10 CCACC 　 　11-15 DBDDB 　‎ ‎16-20 CDDCC 21-25 DBAAD 　 26-30 DBDDD 二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子 　　1. who 　　　　　　2. who 　　　　　3. whom 　　　　　4. whom 　　　　　5. which 　　6. which　　　　　 7. which　　　　 8. about whom　 　 9. whom　　　　　 10. which 　　11. whose　　　　　12. whose　　　　13. whose　　　　 14. when　　　　　 15. when 　　16. where　　　　　17. where　　　　18. why　　　　　 19. why　　　　　 20. that 　　21. whom　　　　　22. which　　　　23. where　　　　 24. that　　　　　 25. whom ‎2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（定语从句）答案 ‎1-5 DBAAC 6-10 ADBAB ‎ ‎ ‎