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中考高频词汇短语及句型
中考高频词汇、短语辨析 l 情态动词should 、must、can、may的用法 1. 表示能力时用can、could: a –Can your brother speak Japanese? –Yes, he has learnt it in Tokyo for three years. 2. 表示可能性: a. — Is that your best friend Simon? – No, it can’t be him. He flew to Hongkong yesterday. b. —My house is very near a busy street. —It can’t be very quiet. c. I’ m sure it can’t be John., I saw him off at the railway station just twenty minutes ago. 3. 表示委婉的语气时用may a. —May I borrow your MP4 ,Daniel? —Sure. Here you are. b. —May I smoke here, please? —I am afraid you can’t . This is a non-smoking area. c. —Let’s go to the supermarket by taxi. —We needn’t take a taxi. d. It is not far from here. You have finished most of the work, so you needn’ t start working so early tomorrow 4. 表示“禁止”,语气强烈 a.There is a “No smoking” sign here. You mustn’t smoke. b.—Must I hand in my homework now? – No, you needn’t, you can hand it in tomorrow. c.When traffic lights are red,we must stop and wait. d. Be polite. You mustn't talk to the old like that. e. — Must I park my car behind the building? — No, you don't have to. You may park it here. l have gone to/ have been to 1.—The Blacks have gone to the Phoenix Island(凤凰岛). — Oh, really? I have never been there before. 2.—Where is Jim? —He has gone to the computer room. 3.—Is that girl Amy? —No, she’s Allen. Amy has gone to the library with her friend. 4.—I want to return the book to Jack, but I can't find him. —He has gone to the library. You can find him there. 1.Mr Wu is away on holiday. He has gone to Shanghai. 2.Kitty’s uncle has been to Beijing twice. 3.We have been good friends for more than ten years. 4.How many times have you been to Yangzhou? l 频率副词 1.—Did you play badminton yesterday? —Yes. But I never play badminton these days because my right foot hurts. 2.He learns all by himself. He never goes to any training class. 3.Alice seldom watches the news round-up, so she knows little about the world. 4.I hate vegetables. I seldom eat them. l the other、others、another、other 1.This coat is too large. Would you please show me another one? 2.I know there is a pen in your right hand. But what’s in your other (另一个)hand? 3.she is always ready to help others. 4.This morning Jack came to school much later than any other student in his class. 5.We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have another one this month. 6.If the question is answered incorrectly, another question will be given to you. l Put on; take off ;Turn on/ off;turn up/ down 1.Bob, put on your coat. It’ s cold outside. 2.The man took off his coat as soon as he walked into the warm room.. 3.Tom, take off your T-shirt right now! It looks so dirty. 4.Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 5.The music from the radio sounds so beautiful. Could you please turn up the radio a little? 6.Would you please turn down the TV a little? Jack is doing his homework. l both, either,neither 1.—Did your parents go to climb the Zijin Mountain last Sunday? —No They both went to see a film. 2.—Would you like some juice or milk?—Either is OK. I don’t mind. 3.There are two ways from here to the station. You can go either way. 4.Would you like some coffee or tea? Neither , water is OK. 5.Neither of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help. l a few, few, a little ,little 1.You’ve done a good job. You made few mistakes. 2.There’s little cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the supermarket and get some ? 3.I can’t buy the dress because I have just a little money. 4.We’ll try our best to do the work with less money and fewer people. l look at / for/ up/ after 1.Parents, attention please. It’s very crowded here. Look after your kids. 2.The English—Chinese dictionary helps me a lot. I often look up new words in it. 3.Look up the word in the dictionary,and you’ll get the meaning by yourselves. l because,because of Yangzhou is more suitable for people to live in because of less air pollution. l living & alive Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest living writers. He is still alive. l surprised; amazing ;boring 1.In the Science Museum, the children felt surprised to see so many amazing things. 2.The film is boring, it makes me want to sleep. l sometime在某个时间;some time一段时间;sometimes有时候;some times几次 They are going to have a picnic sometime next week. l except & besides —Why did you all go swimming exceptTom?—Because he was ill at home. l Until& not …until 1.They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 2.You won’t get the result of the test until the end of this month. 3.The teachers did not leave the school until all the students had gone home. l A number of & the number of 1.The number of the teachers in their school is about 200 and a number of them are women. 2.—What is the number of the students in your school? — About two thousand. A number of them are from England. l used to do& be used to doing 1.Mr Smith told me that he wasn’t used to travelling by plane and he used to feel sick a lot. 2.Ben is used to reading English (习惯于读英话) for half an hour after he gets up in the morning. 3The Smiths are used to getting up early. 4.Susan’s father used to go fishing. 5.He used to live in a small village, but now he has been used to living in the big city. 6.My grandpa used to play the violin after dinner, but now he is used to playing chess with me. l Would rather do than do & prefer…to… 1.I would rather do some reading than chat online at weekends. 2.He would rather read books at home than go hiking. 3.What a heavy rain! I prefer watching TV to going out on such a rainy day. 4.他宁可在家听音乐: He prefer to listen to music at home. 中考词汇部分高频词 1. 名词: 1)tion结尾(兼顾复数):inventions、description、invitations、organizations 2)规则、不规则复数变化(极可能考复数形式):potato—potatoes、tooth—teeth、leaf—leaves、wife—wives 3)后缀名词:players、villagers 4)转化来的名词:fly—flight、choose—choice、greet—greeting、important—importance、different—difference、develop—development、advantage—disadvantage、win—winner’s、smoke—smoking、hear—hearing、decide—decision 5)其它:robot、sunglasses、energy、fans、mistakes、basketball、dream、photos、century、fruits、water、reason、corner、traffic、manners、professor’s、languages、spacemen、news、end、sky、duty 2. 动词: accept、doubt、took、taught(多次出现)、replying、beat、guess、agreed with、afford(多次出现)、interview、happened、watch、write、Allowed、open、waste、disturbed、checked、recorded、turned、made、imagine、described、waste、refused、lying、breathe、held、paid、 surprise、spent、change、heard from、tastes、refused、weighed、injured、treat、to give、supposed、 rains、would come、is ringing、shall/ will/ am going to stay、was sent、have、be planted、 beginning/to begin、to choose、passed、rises、was taken、to close、will be held/are going to be held、was chatting、was asked、was trying、am considering、punishing、to play、can/will clean、make、failed、discover、to go、were waiting、realized、left、were working、was found、will be、ran、got、started、to buy、were taken、will come/is coming/should come、looked、returns、to move / moving、has missed 关于动词,要立足于最常用的部分,但非谓语动词和各种时态、语态变化却是训练时必不可少的,单纯记忆孤立的单词基本没有什么作用。 3. 形容词: 1)ous结尾:dangerous、nervous、serious、humorous 2)ed结尾:interested(interest、interesting也是高频词)、relaxed、satisfied、crowded、disturbed、pleased 3) ful/less结尾:successful、useful、wonderful、careful、helpful、homeless 4)(l)y结尾:sunny、hungry、easy、lucky、happy、friendly、busy、healthy 5)ent结尾:patient、different 6)ite结尾:favorite、polite 7)al结尾:general、national、familiar、educational 8)able结尾:enjoyable 9)形容词最高级:largest、biggest、longest 10)序数词(可兼用作名词):first、second、third、seventh 11)其它:weak、true、light、fresh、aware、worth、enough、own、alone 4. 副词: instead、immediately、carefully、correctly、freely、badly、luckily、heavily、carelessly、angrily、widely、harder、away、most(也可做形容词)、once 5. 代词: herself(频率最高)、mine、myself、yourself/ves、himself、theirs、they 不定代词:others、none 6、介词:between、beside、by 7、连词:than、as soon as、unless、until、so that、since 中考高频短语总结 l 介词短语: in the morning, in 2008, in June,in a hurry, arrive at/ in, be in survice/use, on a rainy morning, on the morning of, have a bad effect on sb, look down on, on mobile phone/the radio, on her twentieth birthday, at eight o’clock, set up, put out, get on/ off, take off, put on, turn on/off, turn up/down, belong to, reply to, be of great value to,at the beginning(of), give up , give out, grow up,cheer sb up, try it/them on, help sb with sth, agree with sb, be strict with, chat with, get on well with, get along with, be filled with, share sth with sb, stay with sb, provide sth for sb, provide sb with sth, argue with sb, none of, a member of, remind of, the importance/ loss of, in the form of, think of,take care of, look up, put up, stay out (too) late, worry about, show off, raise money for, go across the street, between… and, come out, instead of, be proud of, put one’s effort into, get to, hear from, the sixtieth birthday of China, on the third Sunday, be full of, donate to,from …to, in order to,the answer to, spend on, pay for, be late for , be good for, be famous for, wash away,hand it in on time, come out, come from, laugh at, show sb around, on foot, lend sth to sb, borrow sth from…, buy sb sth,buy sth for sb, look after…well, take good care of,on one side of…on the other side of, prefer sth to sth, l 含有动名词的短语: be fond of doing, enjoy doing, devote oneself to doing sth, prefer doing sth to doing sth, have a good time doing sth,pay(no)attention to doing, be worth doing, be crazy about doing, be interested in doing sth, keep doing, practise doing, looking forward to (doing) sth, be good at doing, do well in doing, finish doing, forget /remember doing, stop doing, be busy doing, have problems/difficulty doing, stop/keep/prevent…(from)doing, thanks for doing sth, l 使用动词原形的短语: would rather do sth than do sth, would rather not do sth, be able to do sth, had better(not) do,make sb do,help sb do, see/hear sb do, let sb do, l 含有动词不定式的短语: want to do, ask sb to do,tell sb to do sth, advise sb to do, seem to do, try (one’ s best )to do, teach sb to do , decide to do, forget /remember to do, can’ t wait to do, would like to do, allow to do, stop to do, invite sb to do, take action to do, have sth to eat/ drink, l 易混淆的短语: used to do, be used to doing sth, fall asleep, feel sleepy, four million/thousand, millions/thousands of, much too, too much, hear& listen to, stay at home alone, leave sb alone, feel lonely, play football/basketball, play the violin/piano, play cards/ chess, two more books, another two books, be made of/ from/ in, l 其他: not…until, not only…but also, not… any more, more and more beautiful,much taller,something serious, teach oneself, learn by oneself, say to oneself, hurt oneself, be covered live, enjoy the beauty of,be carefull, as quickily as possible, for example, find …adj., take place, either…or, a big success, an eight—year—old boy, make a decision, keep healthy, take …for a walk, take a good rest, have breakfast / lunch / supper / dinner, make a mistake, by mistake, three fifths, be chosen as /to be , be grateful to, have a sense of humour, be the same as, be different from, have a good time, the places of interest, first of all, by the way, as a result, in fact, people in need/ trouble, a friend of mine, too…to, 中考高频句型总结 l 感叹句 1. What exciting/terrible news! What wonderful music! What terrible weather it is! 2. How useful the dictionary is!(同义句) What a useful dictionary it is ! 3. What a kind girl Nancy is! What a sunny day today! What a heavy rain! 4. What a useful dictionary for beginners of English! 5. What terrible weather it is! What good weather it is! Let's go out for a picnic. 6. (翻译)多么有趣的一部电影啊!How interesting the film is! What an interesting film it is ! 7. 我们的城市多美啊! How beautiful our city is! 8. How lucky he was ! Look, how dirty the water is! 9. How dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road! 10. How quickly (quick) Betty answered the teacher's question! l 花费时间/金钱做某事 It takes /took/ will take sb. some time to do sth. 1. It took the firemen two hours to put out the fire. 2. It takes them too much time to chat online. 3. It will take us several years to learn a foreign language well. Sb spend(s)/spent some time/money doing sth. 1. Leo spent one hour playing badminton yesterday.(同义句) It took Leo one hour to play badminton yesterday. 2. (翻译)昨天你花了多少钱买这台打印机? How much did you spend buying this printer yesterday? l It is +名词短语 + to do sth. & It + be + 形容词 + for/of sb to do sth. 1. It’ s not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break. 2. It is my job to introduce the film stars from Taiwan on the show. 3. It is important for us students to make a plan for our studies before a new term starts. 4. It's important for you not to give up easily if you want to achieve success. 5. It is important for us to learn team spirit. 6. It’ s generous of the little girl to share her toys with the other kids? 7. It’s kind of you to help me learn Maths. 8. It's selfish of Eddie to eat the whole birthday cake. l be + adj.+ enough to do sth& enough 1. John is lucky (幸运的)enough to be chosen for the school football team. 2. I find this computer game easy enough to play. 3. I can’ t hear you. Would you please speak clearly enough? 4. The boy isn’t old enough to deal with such a difficult problem by himself l Have no choice but to do 1. The tourists had no choice(选择)but to wait for the next train. 2. I’ m afraid (that) we have no choice but to take a taix. 3. Sandy has no choice but to put all of her effort into the work. 4. He has no choice but to ask for help. l too… to…& so…that… 1. Mary was too nervous to describe the accident clearly. 2. I like the pop star so much that I never miss his concert. 3. Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11:45 so that we can catch the 12:00 train. 1. The music in the surpermarket sounded so noisy that I wanted to leave at once. 2. We arrived so late that there were no seats left. 3. She is too weak to take part in the activity. (改为同义句 ) —She is so weak that she can't take part/join in the activity. l 以how 开头的句型 1. How often do you go to the Reading Club? —Once a week. 2. How soon will your father come back? —In a week. 3. How many English films have you seen so far? l 反意疑问句 1. Tina had nothing for breakfast, did she? Yes, she had some bread and milk. 2. Your father seldom goes out for dinner, does he ? 3. He's seldom/never late for school, is he ? 4. There are more and more birds flying to Yancheng for winter every year, aren't there? 5. He is often late for school, isn't he? No, he isn't. He always goes to school earlier than others. 6. Tom goes to work from Monday to Friday, doesn't he? l 动词不定式 1. To know more about tomorrow’s weather, call 121. 2. If people keep cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere to live 3. Xiao Li has too much homework and she really doesn't know what to do first. 4. He is the first man to walk on the moon. 5. Cindy told me it was her second time to visit Jiang Xinzhou. 6. Would you please tell me how to deal with all the problems ? 7. It’ s cold. Let’ s make a fire to keep the room warm. l 动名词 1. Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. l 被动语态 1. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular.It is taught in many schools around the world. 2. In computer lessons, students are often shown how to write computer programs. 3. I often hear her sing after class.— She is often heard to sing after class. 4. Tom was chosen to be our monitor. 5. This new airport was built last year. 6. Mary was heard to laugh just now? What happened? John was telling a joke. 7. In 1946, UNICEF was set up to help children whose lives were changed because of the Second World War. 8. —Do you know the result of the competition? — No, it hasn’ t been announced. 9. Something must be done to stop iyt from spreading. 10. Can these magazines be taken (take) out of the library? 11. A lot of work which is dangerous to us can be done by robots in the future 12. More trees must be planted because protecting the environment is as important as developing the economy. 13. More actions should be taken by us to prevent the AH1N1 flu(禽流感). l 情景交际 1. —Do you mind taking the guitar to the office for me?—Not at all./ Of course not .Put it in my car, please. 2. —Don’t forget …! —OK, I won’t 3. —Remember to close the door when you leave. —OK, I will. 4. —We are going to have a barbecue in Nanshan Park tomorrow. —Have a good time / fun! 5. —I’m sorry I broke your mirror. —Oh, really? It doesn’t matter . 6. —Can you finish your work before dark? —No problem. 7. —Thanks a lot for helping me. —You are welcome. 电话用语: 1. Hello! May/Can I speak to …please? 2. Is that… (speaking)? 3. Hold on, please. 邀请及应答: 1. —Would you like to go with us? —I'd like /love to, but I have a lot of homework to do. 2. Shall we play football this afternoon? —That’ s a good idea./ It couldn’ t be better. 用餐: 1. —Would you like a drink/ some …? — Yes,please./ No, thank you. 2. Help yourself /yourselves to some… 3. Thank you for your coffee and tasty snacks. 问路: 1. Where is the (nearest)…? 2. How can I get there? 3. Which is the way to the …? 4. Can you tell me the way to…? 询问对事物的看法: 1. What do you think of my new bike? 2. How do you like your new school? 建议、劝告: 1. Why not/Why don't you do sth? 2. How /What about doing sth? 3. Shall we do sth? 4. Let’ s do sth? 5. You’ d better (not) do…(It's raining hard outside. You'd better not go out.) 问价格: 1. What's the price of this red scarf? 2. How much is this red scarf? 3. How much does this red scarf cost? 问日期:— What's the date today? —It's June 17th. 疑问:—Julia, will you please go and empty that drawer? —What for? 听到不好的消息:— I have got a bad cold. I feel terrible.—I’ m sorry to hear that. 问好:Please say hello to your parents.& Please give my best wishes/regards to your parents. 请求帮助:Could you help me, please? 祝贺:—Mum, I have passed the final exam. —Congratulations! 告别:See you. & Good bye! 购物:What can I do for you? Can I help you? l 时态运用 一、现在进行时 1. Look! Some birds are flying (飞 ) in the sky. 2. Listen! Someone is ringing the doorbell. 3. —Where's your mother, Helen? —She is watering the flowers in the garden. 4. Please be quiet! We are listening to the songs sung by the “Super Girl" Li Yuchun. 二、过去进行时 1. —What do you think of the colour of my new dress? —Sorry, but what did you say? I was thinking about something else. 2. —Did you see a girl in white pass by just now? —No, sir. I was reading a newspaper. 3. I couldn’t see the road clearly because it was raining heavily. 4. They were planning a trip to Disneyland at this time yesterday. 三、一般将来时 1. —Ann is in hospital.—Yes,I know. I am going to visit her tomorrow. 2. There will be a charity show this weekend. 3. —Is Tom going to join in the next basketball match?— Yes, he is. 四、一般过去时 1. I’m sorry you lave missed the bus. It left five minutes ago. 五、现在完成时 1. I have never read such a good book before. 2. Things have changed (change) a lot over the years! 3. —So far, how long have you been in China? —For one year. / Since I was five. 4. He has been in the hospital since last Monday. 5. Could you tell me how long you have kept the book 6. —When did your uncle leave his hometown? —He has been away for nearly twenty years. 7. —Betty, did your son get married in the year 2000? —Yes, he has been married for about eight years. 8. She has had this dress for two weeks.(这条连衣裙她已经买了两周了。) 9. ——Where’S Sam? ——He has left for France. 10. —Kitty, will you go to see the film this evening? —No, I won’t. I have seen it already. 六、过去完成时 1. —You were not at home when I called you yesterday. —No, we weren't. We had driven home. 2. When I reached the farm, the children had finished picking the apple. 3. When I got to school, he had left already. 4. The teachers had been away from the office for a few minutes when we arrived. l 宾语从句 1. Excuse me, could you tell me when the museum opens ? 2. Could you tell me when the film will start tomorrow morning? 3. Detective Johnson wanted to find out where the witness was that day 1. I'm new here. Could you please tell me how many classes our school has? 2. Can you tell me which floor he lives on? 3. Could you tell me which team won the first prize in the NBA finals last year? 4. The picture shows us what was everyday life like in Xuzhou in the past. 5. Could you tell me what you were doing this time yesterday? 6. Do you know how far it is from Mars to Earth? 7. Could you tell me how to use the camera? l 状语从句 1. What will you do if it rains tomorrow? 2. I will walk the dog if it doesn’ t rain after supper. 3. If the question is answered incorrectly, another question will be given to you. 4. —Let’s go fishing if it is fine this weekend. —But nobody knows if it will rain . 5. He wanted to know if you would go shopping with her. 6. —When will you come to see me, Dad? —I will go to see you when you finish the training course. 7. I will tell you as soon as he arrives. 8. Mr Brown said he would call us as soon as he arrived in Beijing the next day. 9. I’ll tell our monitor the good news as soon as he comes back to school. When&while 1. Simon burnt his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. 2. Last night I was designing the homepage for my class when my friend called me. 3. John was chatting with his son while his wife was cooking in the kitchen. 4. Jane was washing dishes in the kitchen while I was cooking. 5. I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV last night. l 间接引语 1. Mr Wu said, " I' m satisfied with the result. " —Mr Wu said (that) he was satisfied with the result. 2. Who told you that Fei Junlong would come to our school next week? 3. When I was young, my grandfather told me that the sun rises in the east. l 其他句型 1. I think she is as slim as my sister. 2. It sounds great. 3. Shanghai lies in the east of China and to the northeast of Guangdong. 4. Which do you like better, apples or oranges? 5. I’m looking forward to living in the new flat. 6. The teacher often tells us not to be busy with homework all day. 7. The dress fits me well, but I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive. 8. Hurry up, there is no time left. 9. —What does your brother look like? — He is very tall and strong. l 同义句改写: 1. The film began 20 minutes ago. —The film has been on for 20 minutes/since 20 minutes ago. 或 It’s/has been 20 minutes since the film began. 2. I think Lianyungang is more beautiful than any other city in Jiangsu. I think Lianyungang is the most beautiful city in Jiangsu. 1. My home is half an hour’s walk from school. It takes me half an hour to walk to school/go to school on foot from my home. 2. Millie is interested in climbing mountains, and her sister is more interested in it. Millie is less interested in climbing mountains than her sister 3. Kate won't send e-mails to her e-friends this evening. I won't, either. Neither Kate nor I will send e-mails to our e-friends this evening. 4. Mrs Green gave birth to Lucy and Lily in 1992. They're twin sisters. Lucy is the same age as Lily./ Lucy is as old as Lily. 5. Lucy has been away from home for two weeks. It’s two weeks since Lucy left home. 查看更多