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初中英语数词知识点和练习
数词1.什么叫做数词?表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。A.基数词的构成1)1-12有各自独立的形式。One,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve2)13-19都是相对应3-9加上teen构成,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,3)20-90都以-ty结尾,特殊拼写的有twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety4)21-99,整数十位数+各位数,中间有“-”。5)百位数,由百位数+and+两位数组成。注:1、1000以上几个的词,每三位数加一个逗号,第一个逗号前的数为thousand,第二个逗号前的数为million(百万),第三个逗号前的数为billion(十亿),第四个逗号前的数为trillion(万亿)888,888,888,888eighthundredandeighty-eightbillion,eighthundredandeighty-eightmillion,eighthundredandeighty-eightthousand,eighthundredandeighty-eight2、基数词常与名词构成的合成词在句中作定语,中间要用连字符“_”,这个名词只用单数形式.atwohundred–wordreportaseven-dayholidaya3–year–oldgirl3.基数词的用法1、表示一个具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million,billion一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:1)Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.2)Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.3)Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.4)Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.2、在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里;如:Theyarrivedintwosandthrees. 他们三三两两的到达了。3、表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示“几十岁”或年代,例如:\n1)Heisinhisearlythirties.2)Hediedstillinhisforties.3)Thistookplacein1930s.4、表示时刻用基数词。例如:Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.(1)表示“几点过几分”,用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如:tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve(2)表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如:twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如:sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty注意下列习惯表达方式:halfanhourhalfakiloonehourandahalf=oneandahalfhourstwoandahalfkilos=twokilosandahalfoneortwodays=onedayortwoeightymeterslongonethousandmilesawayfivemetersdeep(wide/tall/high/long)fivemetersindepth/width/height/lengthB.序数词的构成1)1-3分别为first,second,third。2)4-19都是在后面加上th,特殊的有fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。3)20-90把y变成ie然后加th,如twentieth。4)21-99的序数词变后面的个位数。序数词可以用缩写,如1st,2nd,3rd,4th…序数词的用法(1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如:Thefirsttruckiscarryingafoodbaskets.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.(2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”,“又一”这样的意思,例如:We'llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?\nWhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak.(3)表示年,月,日时,年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如:1949年十月一日读作:October(the)first,nineteenforty-nine2004年九月十日读作:September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour(4)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母加-s。例如:1/4one-fourth;2/3two-thirds;1/2a(one)half;1/41(one)quarter;3/4three-quarters;*76/92seventy-sixoverninety-two(5)序数词也可以用作副词,Whendidyoufirstseehim?Whichhorsecameinfirst?(6)基数词也能表示顺序,如书刊的页的数目,住所、房间、教室、电话号码等等。PageEight,Room304,ClassSeven,7)倍数表示法主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+asIhavethreetimesasmanyasyou. 我有你三倍那么多。(8)在…世纪:inthetwenty-firstcenturyinthenineteenthcentury1.About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths答案:A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母应加-s,因此应选A。2.Nine_______poundsaweek?That’sverygood.A.hundredofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred答案:D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Ninehundred是一个具体的数量,这是数词不能用复数形式,后面也不能加of。所以应选D。一、房间、书刊、汽车、电话等号码1.房间Room106=Roomoneosix第106号房间2.书刊Part2=parttwo(thesecondpart)第二部分\nLessonTen=thetenthlesson第十课Page127=pageonetwoseven第127页ChapterFour=thefourthchapter第四章SectionTwenty-one=thetwenty-firstsection第二十一节3.Bus26/theNo.26bus汽车26路车4.电话4729646=fourseventwoninesixfoursix2822886=twoeightdoubletwodoubleeightsix二、年、月、日、星期、钟点表示方法1.年前面用介词in(在)1961年(in)1961读作 (in)nineteensixty-one(在)1800年(in)1800读作 (in)eighteenhundred(在)1909年(in)1909读作 (in)nineteenandnine(在)20世纪90年代(in)the1990’s读作 (in)thenineteennineties(在)2000年(in)2000读作 (in)twothousand(在)2001年(in)2001读作 (in)twentyandoone 2.月前面用介词in,月份头一个字母须大写,后附有缩写形式(in)January Jan. (在)一月 (in)February Feb. (在)二月(in)March Mar. (在)三月(in)April Apr。(在)四月(in)MayMay(在)五月 (in)JuneJune (在)六月(in)July July (在)七月(in)AugustAug.(在)八月(in)SeptemberSept.(在)九月 (in)OctoberOct. (在)十月(In)November Nov. (在)十一月(In)DecemberDec. (在)十二月3.日前面用介词on,用序数词(前面加the)表示“某日”Onthefirst一日ontheeighth 八日a)某个节日前用on(on)thefirstofJanuary[或(on)January(the)first]元旦(一月一日)(on)thetwenty-fifthofDecember---ChristmasDay[或(on)December(the)twenty-fifth]十二月二十五日圣诞节b)某年、某月前用ininOctober,1965(读作inOctober,nineteensixty-five)1965年10月c)某年、某月、某日前用ononOctober29,1990读作onOctoberthetwenty-ninth,nineteenninety)onOctober1,1949(读作onOctoberthefirst,nineteenforty-nine)4.星期前面用介词on,星期头一个字母要大写\nOnMonday(在)星期一,OnTuesday(在)星期二,OnWednesday (在)星期三OnThursday(在)星期四,OnFriday(在)星期五,OnSaturday(在)星期六,OnSunday(在)星期日5.钟点通常前面用介词atDavidgetsupatsixo'clockinthemorning.戴维早晨六点起床。6.“几点几分”的表示方法1)用介词past或after表示“几点过几分”,但分钟须在半小时内(包括半小时).Nowitisfivepastten.现在是七点过五分。Nowitisaquarterpasttwo.现在是二点一刻。Nowitishalfpastten.现在是十点半。Nowitisafewminutesaftertwo.现在是两点过几分。2)用介词to表示“几点差几分”,但分钟必须在半小时以上(不包括半小时)。如:sixtoten差六分十点AquartertoNine差一刻九点Twentyonetoeleven差二十八分十一点3)也可以直接读时间9:25读作ninetwenty-five12:30读作twelvethirty8:30a.m.=eightthirtya.m.上午八点三十分the4:15p.m.flight=thefourfifteenp.m.flight下午四点十五分航班7.表示“时间的一定点”用atatnoon在中午atdaybreak/atdawn在天刚亮的时候atmidnight在半夜8.表示“特定的时,日”用onOntime准时Onthemorningofthetenth在十日早上ontheeveningofSaturday在星期六的晚上9.表示不定的某日白天、上午、下午、晚等用“in”,但night则必须用“at”Inthedaytime在白天Inthemorning在早上Atnight在夜里2.小数词(decimalfractional)小数点读作ponit,其后的数词分开来一个一个地读,0可读作zero(或nought),也可读作[ou]。如0.2---o[ou]pointtwo;nought(zero)pointtwo0.03---o[ou]pointo[ou]three;nought(zero)pointnought(zero)three1.19---onepointonenine13.470---onethreepointfourseveno[ou]/thirteenpointfourseveno[ou]\n3.百分数读百分数时,只要在基数词或小数词之后加上percent即可。如:25%----twenty-fivepercent8%----eightpercent0.5%----o[ou]pointfivepercent0.16%----nought/zeropointonesixpercent四、数量增加的表示及译法1.increase(rise,grow,goup…)bya.这条新生产线使效率提高百分之二十。Thenewproduction-lineincreasesefficiencyby20percent.b.人口增加了十万,共为三千万。Thepopulationhasincreasedby100,000to30,000,000c.与去年相比,产量增长五倍。Comparedwithlastyear,theoutputgoesup5times.d.1985年以来电视产量增加了6倍TheproductionofTVsetshasbeenincreasedby6timessince1985.2.double(twice),ntimes表示倍数的增加①double(twice)…为……两倍,增加一倍,翻一番②ntimes…为……n倍,增加n-1倍a.目前的产量是过去的两倍。Theproductionisnowdoublewhatitwas.b.1999年产量翻了一番。In1999,theproductiondoubled.c.罗伯特驾车驶过从纽约到休斯顿两倍那么远的距离。RobertdrovetwicethedistancefromNewYorktoHuston.3.用…more(higher,better…)than…表示数量的增加a.这所学校曾经只有男学生,而现在这所学校既有男学生也有女学生,女生人数超过15%。Theschoolusedtohaveboysonly,butitnowhasbothboysandgirlswiththenumberofgirlsmorethan15percent.b.我国现在的教育水平已是解放前的几百倍。(或现在我国的教育水平比解放前提高了几百倍Thelevelofournationaleducationishundredsoftimeshighernowthanbeforeliberation.c.太阳的大小是地球的几千倍(或:太阳比地球大几千倍。)Thesunisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheearth.4.用asmuch(many,long,fast…)as…表示数量的增加6timesasmuchas…六倍那么多,多五倍halfaslongas…一半那么长30%asheavyas…百分之三十那么重onefourthasgreatas…四分之一那么大\na.这座桥长是那座桥的二倍。Thisbridgeistwiceaslongasthatone.b.Thepowerofthisengineisthreefourthsasgreatasthepowerofthatone.c.这块大石头的重量几乎是那块小的十倍Thebigstoneisnearly10timesasheavyasthesmallone.五、数量减少的表示及译法reduce(fall,drop,cut,shorten)…reduceto10%降到10%,减少90%reduceby20%减少20%(只有原来的80%fallby15%下降15%dropby30%下降30%cut(cost)26%降低(成本)26%shorten…4times使……缩短为原来四分之一,缩短四分之三ntimesless…是……的n分之一twicethinner…厚度只及……一半①自1979从年以来这个地区的出生率下降了40%。Thebirthrateinthisareahasdroppedby40%since1979.②月球上的重力是地球上的六分之一。Theforceofgravityonthemoonissixtimeslesspowerfulthanthatontheearth.③大桥使两座城市间距缩短为原来的六分之一。Thebridgeshortensthedistancebetweenthetwocities6times.六、大约数的表示方法(1)用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如:a.Thelittleboybuysdozensofpencilseveryterm.b.Thousandsofpeoplediedintheearthquake.c.EveryyeartensofthousandsofpeoplegotoworkinGuangdongProvince.(2)用lessthan、under、below、almost、nearly、upto等来表示小于或接近某数目。如:HeisgoodatEnglish,sohecanfinishthepaperinlessthantwohours.(3)用morethan、over、above、beyond、ormore等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如:PekingUniversityhasahistoryofmorethan100years.(4)用or、orso、about、around、some、moreorless等表示在某一数目左右。如:About50peoplewerepresentatthattime.(5)用to、from…to…、between…and表示介于两数词。如:Hissalaryrisesfrom20dollarsaweekto35dollarsaweek.(6)注意事项:dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时,不用复数。如:threescore,fivedozen,sevenmillion等。实战演练1.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundreds’C.threehundred’sD.threehundred2.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo__________.\nA.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof3.---Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?---_______________.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths4.---Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing?---I’venoidea.Butit’safactthat_______peoplehadtoleavetheirhometownduringtheWaronIraq.A.threethousandsB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.severalthousands5.Weallthinkthatthe_______centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twenty-firstB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-oneD.twentieth-one6.---Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?---Yes,itis__________.A.856620B.85626C.58662D.586267.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_________.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,19228.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21B.22C.23D.249._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof10.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya_______one.urA.threeB.thirdC.forthD./查看更多