初中英语语法总结材料及练习

初中英语语法总结材料及练习

实用文档初中英语语法总结一、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、代词、数词、形容词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。<一>、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1)专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：theGreatWall姓氏名词如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：theGreens(格林一家人)。2）普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes,bench→benches.[注意]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives.不规则变化：man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth,fish→fish,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.永远不可数名词巧计：消息说他工作进步老板奖他许多钱，他得到建议如果天气好，他要去买家具，设备，行李。现在他在家喝牛奶听音乐，多么乐趣呀3）名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：①表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)②以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)③有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如：today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes’break(十分钟的课间休息),China’spopulation(中国的人口).④无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).[注意]：①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)4）名词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：①主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)②集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Myfamilyisaverybigone.如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：MyfamilylikewatchingTV.③Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：Thereisasheepintheyard./Therearesomesheepintheyard.文案大全\n实用文档④Maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)⑤glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买)专项练习：一、写出下列名词的复数形式：1.pencil-box_______2.wife_______3.Sunday______4.city______5.dress_______6.Englishman_______7.match_____8.Chinese_____9.zoo________10.exam________11.German______二、单选1.June1stis____Dayallovertheworld.A.Child‘sB.Childs’C.Children‘sD.Childrens’2.September10this___DayinChina，isn'tit？A.Teacher‘sB.Teachers’C.TeacherD.Teacherof3._____ismadeof_____.A.Glass；glassB.Aglass；glassC.Glasses；glassesD.Aglass；glasses4.Thisis_______news.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.sogoodaD.suchgood5.What______itis！Let‘sgoswimming.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afinedayD.badweather6.TheylikeChinese_____.A.foodandpeoplesB.foodsandpeopleC.foodsandpeopleD.foodandpeople7.LucyandIgotoschool_____everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses8.–Arethose_____？-No，theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep；cowsB.sheep；cowC.sheeps；cowD.sheeps；cows9.Whatareyoulisteningto，Jane？____or____？A.amusic；anewsB.music；newsC.amusic；newsD.music；anews10.Howmany____and____arethereinyourclass？A.boystudent；girlonesB.girlsstudents；boysonesC.boysstudent；girloneD.girlstudents；boyones11.Agroupof____aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.A.Frenchmen；GermansB.Frenchmen；GermenC.German；FrenchmenD.Germans；Frenchmans12.Thatbusdriverdranktwo_____.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsofteaD.cupoftea13.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof_______.A.Bob’smotherB.Bob’smother’sC.motherofBobD.Bobmother’s14.Thetallmanwithabignoseis_______teacher.A.TomandCarlB.Tom'sandCarl’sC.TomandCarl's15.Thereis______treeinourschool.A.a8-meters-tallB.an8-meter-tallC.an8meterstall文案大全\n实用文档<二>代词一．人称代词：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语.Heteaches______(we)Chinese.2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:单数:二,三,一（You,sheandI）复数:一,二,三(we,youandthey)注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)SheandIhavebeentoBeijing.Whobrokethewindow?IandMike.注：it还有一些特别的用法。1）用作形式主语,常用于“It’s+adj+todosth”句型中.2)用在句型:“Itseemsthat…”中.3)用在句型:“It’sone’sturntodosth”中.4)用在句型:“It’stimetodosth/forsth”中.5)用在句型:“It’s+adj+that从句”中.6)用作形式宾语,用来代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj(名词)+todosth.二.物主代词.第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1.形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2.名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of连用。Ourclassroomisasbigas______(they).Thisisafriendof______(my).注:1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+名词）2)形容词性的物主代词与own连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.Myownhouse=ahouseofmyown三.反身代词单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves记忆小窍门:反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.反身代词的常用搭配:enjoyoneselfhurtoneselfteachoneself=learn…byoneslfallbyoneselfhelponeselfto…lookafteroneselfleavesbbyoneselfloseoneselfin文案大全\n实用文档saytooneselfforoneselfdressoneselfimproveoneselfseeoneselfinthemirror四.指示代词1.近指:thisthese远指:thatthose2.用法:1)thatthose常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复.That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词.Those代替复数名词.TheweatherinGuangdongishotterthan_____inQinghai.Thebooksinthatshoparecheaperthan______inthisshop.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.those2)this,that可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.Hehadabadcold,thatiswhyhedidn’tcome.3)在电话用语中,this代替自己,而that代替对方.ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat?五.不定代词的区别.1.one与it的区别One代替同类事物中的一种.而it代替上文中出现的某事物.Thisbookisagoodone.MayIborrowit?2.some与any的区别一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some代any.常用于could/would/May开头或whatabout/howabout….的句中。MayIhavesomewater?Heaskedmeforsomepaper,butIdidn’thaveany.3.many与much的区别Many+可数名词的复数Much+不可数名词都相当于alotof+复数名词/不可数名词注:alotof不能用于否定句中.否定句中用many/much.4.afew/few/alittle/little的区别表否定(几乎没有)表肯定(有一点/几个)修饰可数名词fewafew修饰不可数名词littlealittleThestoryiseasytoread.thereare_____newwordsinit.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft.5.each/every的区别each表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.Therearetreesandfrowerson_____sideofthestreet.______studenthasreadastory.注:each可以与of连用,eachof作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every不能与of连用.只能放在名词前作定语.Eachofus_______(study)hard.6.noone与none的区别noone表示没有人,不能与of连用.而noneof+复数名词/代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.文案大全\n实用文档Theboyswerealltired,but_____ofthemstoppedtohavearest.7.both/neither/either/all/none/any的区别都都不任何一个两者之间bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneanyTherearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all注:1).both的否定词是neither,all的否定词是none.2).bothof作主语时,谓语动词用复数.neitherof作主语时,谓语动词用单数.Neitheroftheanswers______(be)right.Bothofmyparents_______(be)workers.3).词组A)both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数.同义词组:notonly…butalso…反义词组:neither…nor…NotonlyyoubutalsoshelikeswatchingTV.=____you_____shelikewatchingTV.=YoulikewatchingTV,__________she.B)either…or…或者……或者……,neither…nor…既不……也不……连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.Neitheryounorhe______(be)right.OneofLilyandLucyisgoingtothepark.=_____Lily_____Lucy_____goingtothepark.C)either也可用于否定句中的“也”D)neither也可表示“也不”句型:neither…sb某人也不怎么样.Ifyoudon’tgothere,__________I.(我也不去)4)howmany/howmuch的回答:用none回答.Who的回答:用noone回答.What的回答:用nothing回答.Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?__________.Whocananswerthequestion?_______.A.NoneB.NooneC.Nothing8.other/theother/others/theothers的区别(空)后面没有名词(空)后面有名词有数量限制(特指)theotherstheother没有数量限制(泛指)othersother注:1)one…theother…表示两者之间的一个……另一个……2)some…others…表示一些……一些……3)another表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个.只能修饰可数名词的单数.但another+数字+复数名词=数字+more+复数名词表示“另外几个……”Wouldyoulike______apple?Ihavetwobrothers,oneisateacher,_________isaworker.Somearecleaningtheclassroom,______aresweepingthewindow.文案大全\n实用文档Thereare20teachersinourschool.Eightofthemarementeachers,and_____arewomenteacherseveryone每个，人人，大家不与of连用everyone每个人、物可与of连用9.Everyoneofushasseenthefilm.Everyoneshoulddotheirbest.10.复合不定代词.someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyonenooneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody注:1.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数.2.形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词之后.3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时,动词不定式放在不定代词之后.4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,1)指人的不定代词,其反义疑问句中的主语用he或they.2)指物的不定代词,其反义疑问句中的主语用it.5.any,anything,anyone,anyboby也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何……/任何物/任何人”Everything______(begin)togrowinspring,______________?Isthere___________(一些有趣的事)intoday’snewpaper?Iwantsomething________(eat).关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词，如：who、whom.which、that、as,whose连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。如：what,who,whom,which,whose。不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词.如：some，any，none，all,each,everything,nothing等。相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。eachother,oneanother是相互代词,疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。如：who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever。专项练习题： I.用所给代词的正确形式填空。1.Mr.Leeteaches_______(we)English.Wealllike_______(he)classes.2.Isthisbike________(you)?No,_______(I)isblue.3.Didyouenjoy________(you)lastnight,kids?4.Shehurt_______(her)intheaccident.5.Isthis_______(he)pen?Yes,it’s_______(he).6.–What’s______(you)age?--_______(me)am15yearsold.7.Wecanhelp_______(every)otherandlearnfromeachother.8.Howis_______(you)fathergoing,LiLei?–Heisfine,thanks.文案大全\n实用文档9.--Mybookishere.Whereis_______(you),Tom?--______isintheclassroom.10.--Are______(you)parentsworkers?--No,_______(they)areteachers.2,选择填空1．Thisdictionaryisnothers.It’s_______.A.my         B.me     C.mine        2.---Isthis______magazine?---No,itisn’t.It’s________.A.your,her    B.hers,mine     C.your,hers3.Therearetwobooksonthedesk.Oneisamathbook,_______isanEnglishbook.A.others      B.another        C.theother     4._______ofthegirlsplaystenniswell.A.Neither      B.Both        C.All     5.Maryspeaksveryquickly._______isdifficulttounderstandwhatsheissaying.A.That       B.she          C.It       6.Theschoolwasbuiltbythevillagers_______.A.us        B.ourselves      C.themselves7.Heputafingerinto______mouthandsuckedit.A.hisB.heC.him8.Heisalwaysreadytohelp______.A.anotherB.othersC.theother9.Let_______dothisexercisemyself.A.himB.herC.me10.Doyouhave_______totellus?A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.anythingimportant11.Imetanoldfriendof______on______wayhome.A.mine,aB.my,theC.mine,the12.______ofthestudentsinourclasshasaticket.A.EveryB.BothC.Each13.Thereareseveralbooksonthedesk.._____ofthemisEnglish.A.AllB.NeitherC.None14._______liveinShanghai.A.WeB.OurC.Ours15.---Isthis______jacket?---Yes,it’s_______.A.her,herB.her,hersC.hers,her16.---_______isthatboy?---He’smyson.A.WhoB.WhomC.Whose17._______humans______animalscanlivewithoutair.A.Both,andB.Neither,norC.Either,or18.Theyhavetwenty-sixdesksintheclassroom.Oneisfortheteacher,______areforthestudents.A.theotherB.otherC.theothers19.Mydictionaryisinmybag.Whereis_______?A.yoursB.youC.your20.Ithinkyoucandothejobby______.A.yourselfB.myselfC.himself21.---WhichjacketisMary’s?---Theredoneis_______.A.sheB.herC.hers22.Myunclewassoangrythathewasnot______whenhefoundIwasbeatinghisdog.A.himB.hisC.himself23.Therearemanytreeson______sidesofthestreet.A.allB.bothC.either24._____isimportantforustokeepthebalanceofnature.A.ThereB.ThatC.It25.Shecan’tfind______watch.A.hersB.itC.her26.Thereis______milkintheglass.A.manyB.littleC.few27.Pleasepass______thecapoftea.A.meB.myC.mine28.Haveyouheardfrom______recently?A.themB.theyC.themselves29.Thereis_____waterinthebottle.A.manyB.someC.any30.Thereisn’t______foodleftonthetable.A.manyB.fewC.much文案大全\n实用文档31.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow______aboutthenews.A.alittleB.littleC.few32.Thisishisschoolbag,______isonthedesk.A.myB.yoursC.your33.Wemadetheradio______.A.usB.ourselvesC.myself34.Wouldpleasegiveme______hottea?A.oneB.anyC.some35.---Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?---Yes,just_______.A.alittleB.littleC.afew36.Thisquestionissodifficultthat______studentscananswerit.A.fewB.afewC.alittle37.Theyhaveonly_________homeworkforSunday.A.alittleB.afewC.little38.Theytoldusabouttheirschoolandwetoldthemabout_______.A.oursB.usC.our39.Thisbluesuitlooksbetterthanthegreen________.A.onesB.oneC.suits40._________isyourfather,aworkerorateacher?A.HowB.WhichC.What<三>数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、英语中常用的基数词有：123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a)hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveonehundredandone1000→one(a)thousand,10000→tenthousand,100000→onehundredthousand,1000000→onemillion,10000000→tenmillion,100000000→onehundredmillion,108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,500→fivehundred,1001→onethousandandone,1813→onethousandeighthundredand序数词：英语的序数词基本变法：(1)一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。※first※second※thirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethoneundredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthonehundredandfirst<四>形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.文案大全\n实用文档形容词的句法功能:用作表语,定语,宾语补足语,作状语一、形容词的位置1.前置与后置⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：abigyellowwoodenwheel(一个黄色的大木轮)⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：Thepricesoundsreasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)⑷后置的情况：①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.(他发生了严重的事故)②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：He’s1.8metrestall.(他身高1.8米。)Themoonisabout380,000kilometresawayfromtheearth.(月球离地38万公里)2.前置形容词的排列顺序。口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。<五>副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.用作状语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语。形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more/most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级+….如：Heisveryoldnow./Theyranquitefast./Theweatherlooksratherbad./Iamsohappy!☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister./Lilyrodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady./Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：文案大全\n实用文档主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如：Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)/Lilydidnotrideherbikeso/asslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢)/Theydidn’tpickso/asmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他们摘的苹果不如农民多)　(2)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：　　　　　主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/alittle/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：Amoderntrainismuchfasterthanacar.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)/Thisbookdidn’tcostmemorethanthatone.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：　　　　　　主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：IthinkEnglishislessdifficultthanmaths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/Doyouthinkitlessimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)　(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：　　　主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(the)+形容词/副词最高级+in/of….如：TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.Hejumped(the)highestofthethree(boys).专项练习题：1.WhichdoesJimmylike_______,Chineseorart?A.well   B.best  C.better  D.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof______intheworld.A.thelongestriverB.ThemoreC.thelongestriversD.longerriver3.______ofthetwowomenisMrsBrown.A.ThebeautifulB.ThemorebeautifulC.MorebeautifulD.Themostbeautiful4.Mymooncakeisnicer_______his.A.like B.with C.for D.than5.Youarefatterthan_______.A.heB.hisC.himD.heistall6.Hejumps_______ofthethree.A.far B.further C.farthestD.furthest7.Myhairislongerthan_______.A.mysisterB.KateC.mybrother’s D.Lucys’8.Thereis______paperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittle 9.Thepenis______thanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheap C.muchcheaperD.quitecheaper10.TomspeaksChinese_______betterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotD.much 11.Thereare_______girlsinClass2thaninClass4.A.moreB.nicest C.mostD.best12.It’stoo______foryoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasiest13.Whohas______applesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?文案大全\n实用文档A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost 14.Youhavemorerulersthanme.But______arenicerthan_______.A.mine,yoursB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,your15.Tingtingis______thanMeimei，butMeimeiis______thanTingting.A.tall,strongerB.taller,strongestC.tallest,strongD.taller,stronger16.Motheris_______inmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusy17.Thereare_______intheparkonSundays.A.morechildrenB.alotofpeopleC.muchmenandwomenD.manypeoples18.Thedumplingsare_______thanthenoodles,Ithink.A.morenicerB.muchdeliciousC.veryniceD.muchmoredelicious19.Sheis_______thanmeatdrawing.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.harder20.Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea______one?A.smallB.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallest21.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch______nowthanafewyearsago.A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanest D.thecleanest22.Mycousinhaschangedalot.Sheusedtobe______butnowsheistall.A.short B.thin C.pretty  D.heavy23.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare______thanbefore.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest 24.—Haveyouboughtthatdigitalcamera?—No,Ican’taffordit.Thepriceisabit______.A.lowB.highC.cheapD.expensive25.—Doyoulikewesternfood?—No.Thefoodofourcountryis______thatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.notsogoodas 26.Thisis_____thatallofusbelieveit’sveryimportant.A.suchusefulinformationB.sousefulaninformationC.sousefulinformation D.suchausefulinformation27.—Mum,couldIhaveanMP3 ?—Certainly,wecanbuy_____one,butasgoodasthis.A.acheapB.acheapestC.acheaperD.thecheapest28.Theharderwework,the______resultwewillget.A.fasterB.fewerC.betterD.thecheapest29.Weshouldkeepoureyes______whiledoingeyeexercises.A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened 30.Jackdoesn'twork____Tom.A.assogoodB.sogoodasC.sohardasD.soharderas31.—Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?—Mikeis______,Ithink.HehasgotmoreprizesthanTom.A.wellB.OKC.goodD.better32.Hedidn'tknowheraddress,____didI.文案大全\n实用文档A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither33.NowmoreandmoreChinesepeopleare______enoughtobuycars.A.richB.weakC.poorD.strong34.Kateisreally______.She’sneverangrywithothers.A.tallB.friendlyC.luckyD.clever35.Shereadthebook___.AndI'llreadit___. A.longbefore;longbeforeB.beforelong;beforelong C.beforelong;longbeforeD.longbefore;beforelong36HespeaksEnglish___hisaunt.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.asbetterasD.asbestas37.Whichdoyoulike_____,skating,swimmingorfishing?A.moreB.mostC.betterD.best38Whosings___,RoseorKate?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best39Shewrites____thanI.A.morecarefulB.muchcareful C.muchmorecarefullyD.muchcarefully40Thenightwasvery___,sohehadtotakeoffhisshoes___. A.quiet;quietlyB.quite;quicklyC.late;quickD.quite;quietly<六>.冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,an,the.冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。一.a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;anhour,anhonor,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella,anhonestman,ausefulbook不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)二.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。Ahorstisananimal2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。Agirliswaitingforyou.3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。Ihaveacomputer.4.表示“每一”，相当于every.Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.6.用在某些固定词组中：alot(of),afterawhile,afew,alittle,atatime,haveaswim,haveacold,inahurry,foralongtime,haveagoodtime,havealook三.定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。文案大全\n实用文档Thebookonthedeskismine2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Openthewindow,please.3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.4.指世界上独一无二的事物。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城，theUnitedStates美国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。thepoor穷人,theblind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。ontheleft在左边，inthemiddleof在中间10.用在乐器名称前。Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。theBlackSea黑海，theYangziRiver长江12.用在某些固定词组中：allthesame仍然；allthetime一直；atthemoment此刻；atthesametime同时；bytheway顺便说；dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在户外，在野外四.零冠词的用法1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词Playchessplayfootballhavesupper特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.InJulyinsummeronMondayonTeachers’Day3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词BeijingisthecapitalofChina4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词Mathishardtolearn5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词TheyareworkersIlikeeatingapples6.名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词mybook(正)；mythebook(误)7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。No.25MiddleSchool五.用与不用冠词的差异文案大全\n实用文档inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里infrontof在…(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在…(内部的)前面attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁bysea乘船/bythesea在海边gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一个人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)冠词练习单项选择。()11.—DoesTomhave_______pen？　　—Yes,hehas_______.　A.an;someB.a;oneC.a;／D.any;one()12.Thisis_____oldmotorbike._____oldmotorbikeisMr.Zhang's.　A.an;TheB.the;AnC.a;TheD.the;The()13._______appleadaykeepsthedoctoraway．　　A.TheB.AC.AnD./()14.—Howmanypencilsdoyouhave？　—Ihave_____pencil．Itisred.This_____isbrown,soit’snotmine.　　A.a;anB.a;aC.one;anD.one;one()15.Timis_______one-year-oldbaby.　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()16．_______pandais_______China．　　A.The;aB.A;theC.The;fromD.The;the()17.Wecan'tsee_______sunat_______night．　　A．the；theB．the；／C．a；／D．／；／()18._______usefuldictionaryitis！　　A.WhatanB.HowaC.WhataD.What()19.Onedayhefound_______suitcase．Therewas_______“s”onthecornerof______suitcase.　A.a;an;theB.a;a;theC.an;an;anD.the;a;a()20.______oldmanwithwhitehairspoke_____Englishwellat_______meeting.A.An;an;aB.The;／;anC.The;／;aD.The;／;the()21.__GreatWallis___longestwallintheworld.　　A.A;aB.The;theC.A;theD.The;a()22._____newbridgehasbeenbuiltover_____MarlingRiver．A.The;aB.A;／C.A;theD.An;the()23._____youngmanoverthereis_____popularteacherinourschool.　　A.A;anB.The;aC.The;theD.A;the()24.Sheusedtobe_____workerbutlatershebecame_____engineer.　　A.a;anB.a;theC.／;aD.a;／()25.Wemadehim_______chairman.　　A.aB.theC.anD.／文案大全\n实用文档()26．TomSmithis_______European．Heworksinourschool．　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()27.Isshefrom______USA?　　A.anB.aC.theD.／()28.DoesAllanoftenplay_______soccerafter_______school？　　A.／;／B.／;theC.the;／D.a;／()29.Hegave5000yuantoourschool_______daybeforeyesterday.　　A.anB.oneC.aD.the()30.Australiais____English-speakingcountry.　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()31.Shehas_______orangeblouse．_______blouseisnice.　　A.a;TheB.anTheC.an;AD.the;The()32.Thisis_____orange.It's_____smallorange.　　A.an;aB.a;theC.a;anD.an;the()33．Thereis______“h”intheword“hour”.　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()34.Icanplay______pianoverywell,butIdon’tknowhowtoplay_____chessatall.　　A.a;anB.an;aC.the;／D.the;the()35.Thereis_______UncleWanghere.　　A.／B.theC.aD.an()36.Beijingis_____beautifulcity．It's_____capitalofChina.　　A.a;aB.the;theC.／;theD.a;the()37.Heilongjiangisin___northeastofChina.　　A.／B.anC.aD.the()38.I'vebeenateachertherefornearlythreeand_____halfyears.　　A.aB.anC.theD./()39.–CouldIspeaktoMr.Wang,please?--Sorry,youhavedialedthewrongnumber.Thereisn’t______Mr.Wanghere.A.aB.anC.theD./()40.Iwillhave_____breakfastafterreadingmy______Englishbook.A.a;anB.the;/C./;/D.a;the<七>介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.1.介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：outof,becauseof,awayfrom,ontopof,eversince,nextto,accordingto,infrontof等。2、介词的分类表：地点(位置、范围)介词：above，about,across,after,against...,along,among,around,round,at,before,behind,below...,beside,between,by,down,from,in,inside,near,of,on,outof,outside,over,under,up,ontopof,infrontof,closeto,inthemiddleof,attheendof等等。方向(目标趋向)介词：across,against,along,around,round,at,behind,between…and,by,down,for,from,in,into,inside,near,off,on,outof,outside,over,past,through,to,towards.,onto,onto,up,awayfrom文案大全\n实用文档时间介词：about,at,before,by,during,for,from,in;,on,past,since,through,till,until,to),eversince,atthebeginningof,attheendof,inthemiddleof,atthetimeof方式介词：as,in,like,on,over,through,with,without涉及介词:about关于...,except除了…,besides除了…还...for对于/就…而言,in在…(方面),of…的,有关...,on关于/有关...,to对…而言,towards针对...,with就…而言其它介词:【目的介词】for为了...,from防止…,to为了…【原因介词】for因为...,with由于…,becauseof因为...【比较介词】as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比,unlike与…不同【伴随/状态介词】against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日),with与…一起,有/带着/长着...,without没有/无/不与…一起3、介词短语的句法作用：介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：Themancame.(状)(那个人走下楼来)/Thewomanisfromthecountryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/Theteacherisnowwiththepupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)4、介词短语在句子中的位置：介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾；介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghaithenextyear.(状语)/Theysearchedtheroomforthethief./Thelettersareforyou.(表语)/Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?(定语)5.记住一些固定词组：arriveat/in,onfoot,not…atall,tothenorthof,intheeastof,inthenight,atnight,beafraidof,befullof,befilledwith,begood/badfor,bemadeof,bemadefrom,playwith,lookoutof,attheendof,bytheendof,withthehelpof或withone’shelp,lookafter,lookfor,onabike(=bybike),helpsb.with,geton(well)with。专项练习题：1．Mrs.BrowncametoChina____1996.A．fromB．ofC．toD．in2．Theroomwasfull____smokeafterthebigfire.A．ofB．withC．inD．for3．Herearesomepresents____you____ourbestwishes.A．to;withB．for;withC．of;aboutD．for;for4．BothMrGreenandMrsGreenwereborn____June,1956.A．inB．atC．onD．for5．Thelittleboyisalwaysinterested____science.A．withB．byC．inD．at6．LiLeioftengetsup____seveno'clockonSundays.A．onB．inC．atD．for7．Theyarrivedearly____aTuesdaymorning.A．onB．atC．inD．of8．Macaowillreturntoourmotherland____December20th,1999.A．onB．atC．inD．for9．--Whenwereyouborn?---Iwasborn____August25,1983.A．onB．inC．atD．to10．Letmeshowyoutheplace____themap.A．withB．onC．in11．Johnknows____acomputer.A．howtouseB．howuse　C．howuses12．Thevisitors____Japanarrived____BeijingStationlastTuesdaymorning.文案大全\n实用文档A．from;atB．of;toC．from;to　D．of;on13．Theteacherwillbeback____anhour.A．inB．afterC．on14．ThisprogrammewassenttotheUSA____China____satellite.A．in;ofB．of;inC．from;byD．by;from15．It'scoldoutside.Pleaseyourwarmclothes.A.putinB.takeoffC.putonD.putup16．Hegotmanygiftshisbirthdayhisfriends.A.on,fromB.in,ofC.at,toD.from,for17．Theclassroomisquitedifferentthatone.A.ofB.fromC.withD.like18．Look,you'llseeabridgetheriver.A.onB.aboveC.overD.in19．–Yourcoatlooksnice,Isitcotton?-Yes.It'sShanghai.A.madeof,madeby　B.madeof,madeinC.madefor,madeinD.madefrommadeby20．Towmayfalltheothersbecausehehasmissedsomanylessons.A.afterB.behindC.laterD.outof<八>.连词(conj.)：连词的含义：连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连接词。连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。1、并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有：and,but,or,,nor,so,however,for,still,aswellas,both..and.,notonly...butalso...,either…or…,neither…nor等。2、从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有：when,while,after,before,since,until,although/though,if,as,as…as…,asfaras,aslongas,assoonas,evenif,because,unless,than,whether,inorderthat…,so…that,sothat,nowthat…,bythetime…,everytime…,asif…,nomatterwhen(或whenever),nomatterwhere(或wherever)等。专项练习题：1.HecanspeakEnglish_______Chinese.A.butB.alsoC.soD.and2.Physicsisnotsoeasy,_______Ilikeitverymuch.A.butB.orC.sinceD.because3.WillTomwaitforherathome______atthelibrary?A.orB.asC.sothatD.both4.Shehasason_______adaughter.A.butB.andC.soD.or5.I'llgiveherthegift______shearrives.A.soB.beforeC.assoonasD.since6.Tomwas____illthatwehadtosendforadoctor.A.soB.veryC.andD.too7.Thewomanwas____angry_____shecouldn'tspeakanything.A.neither…norB.either…orC.both…andD.so…that8.______wegothomeitwasverylate.A.WhenB.WhileC.BecauseD.As9.Weheardclearly_____shesaid.A.whatB.whichC.beforeD.because10.Ican'tsleepwellatnight,______Ioftenfeelverytiredintheday.A.soB.becauseC.andD.or文案大全\n实用文档11.Whenyou'relearningaforeignlanguage,useit,______youwillloseit.A.butB.orC.thenD.and12.---Canyouplayfootball?---Yes,Ican,______Ican'tplayitverywell.A.orB.andC.butD.so13.Studyhard,______youwillfallbehind.A.andB.butC.soD.or14.Myfavoriteisactionmovie______Ithinkit'sexciting.A.andB.becauseC.butD.so15.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.A.orB.andC.soD.but16.Hehasneverheard______seensuchathingbefore.A.norB.andC.orD.since17._________John_______Iarepolicemen.A.Neither...norB.Either...orC.Both...andD.Notonly...butalso18.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.A.very...thatB.quite...butC.so...asD.so...that19.Hedidn'tgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.A.tillB.beforeC.afterD.until20.Ididn'tbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.before21.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.A.orB.andC.butD.down22.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.A.untilB.andC.soD.or23.I'llreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.A.asB.soC.justD.but24.Goalongtheroad,_______you'llfindthemarketattheendofit.A.whenB.andC.orD.though25.You'llbelate______youdon'tgetupearlytomorrowmorning.A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until<九>.感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.<十>动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,is,are,have,see动词词形变化一览表：(1)规则动词变化表：规则变化原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现在分词过去式和过去分词一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾y→i,+es+ingy→i,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+sie→y,+ing+d不规则变化have→has；be→is(无)(见不规则动词变化表)文案大全\n实用文档注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[s]、[f]、[z]、[tf]、[dV]后读[iz].③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].(2)不规则动词变化表：(原形→过去式→过去分词)be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymight　becomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmust　bringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancould　rideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshould　drivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/sunkenflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepsleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokengivegavegivenspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspiltgrowgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughtholdheldheldtelltoldtold文案大全\n实用文档hurthurthurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwould　lendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewrittenlielaylain　　　初中英语八种时态归纳复习：时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，很多学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。重点：在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。文案大全\n实用文档五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently,lately,sincethen,inthepastfewyears,bytheendofthisyear,etc.基本结构：have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.基本结构：had+done.否定形式：had+not+done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.基本结构：①am/is/are/goingto+do；②will/shall+do.否定形式：①am/is/are+notgoingtodo;②在行为动词前加won't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.基本结构：①was/were/goingto+do；②would+do.否定形式：①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would+not+do.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would提到句首。I.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.She__________(talk)abouthernewschoolatthemoment.2.Tomaskedmewhat___________(happen)inChinain2008.3.Mycellphone___________(steal)onabusyesterday.4.TheBrowns__________(watch)TVnow.5.Lilysaidthatshe__________(call)meassoonasshegotthere.6.They_______(learn)Englishforfiveyears.7.Mycousin_______(join)theArmyin2009.8.Thefarmers__________(pick)pearswhenIsawthem.9..Thebluedress__________(cost)thewomanfiftyyuan.10.Thefilm____________(begin)whenIreachedthecinema.单选1.Iwilltellhimassoonashe_____back.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came2.Mary_____onshoeswhenshe____them.A.tries…buysB.tries…buiesC.trys…buysD.trys…buies文案大全\n实用文档3.Thegirloften______coldwhenshe______.A.cathcs…dancesB.catches…dancesC.catchs…danceesD.catches…dancee4._____he____himselfthere?No,Idon'tthinkso. A.Do…enjoyB.Does…enjoiesC.Does…enjoysD.Does…enjoy5._____yourteacher____fromthemveryoften?Certainly.A.Do…hearB.Does…hearC.Do…receiveD.Doesreceive6._____yourmother_____somecleaningonSundays?A.Does…doesB.Do…doesC.Does…doD.Do…do7.IfI________yourbook,I’llgiveittoyou.A.willfind     B.havefound   C.find    D.finds8.MrBlackoften_____fishingonSundays,_____he?A.goes…doesn'tB.goes…isn't C.doesn'tgo…doesD.doesn'tgo…is9.Heusually_____TVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching10.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifit______tomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed11.NeitherInorhe______French. A.speakB.doesn'tspeakC.speaksD.doesn'tspeak12.Nobody______howtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing13.Inthecitytheold_______.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof14.Someare______intheriverandsomeare______games.A.swimming…playingB.swimming…plaiingC.swimming…playingD.swimming…plaing15.Look!Theboystudentsare_____footballwhilethegirlsare_____.A.playing…danceB.playing…dancingC.play…dancingD.play…dance16.He_____todohislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins 17.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited18.MrSmith_____shortstories,buthe____aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…WritesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes19.I_____tothecinema.I______thereeverySunday.A.go…goB.amgoing…goC.go…amgoingD.amgoing…amgoing文案大全\n实用文档20.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have21.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept22.Howlong_______he________?A.have,diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead23.Heoften_____lateintheforest.It_____meverymuch.,A.stayed…worriedB.staied…worriedC.stayed…worryedD.staied…worried24.I______thattheboy_____withnotearsinhiseyes.A.noticed…cryedB.noticed…criedC.noticed…cryed25.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom26.---HowlongcanI___thebook?   ---Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep27.______asportsmeetlastSunday?Yes,they______.A.Didtheyhave…didB.Didtheyhave…had C.Hadthey…hadD.Hadthey…did 28.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,____?_____,hedoes.A.doeshe…NoB.doeshe…YesC.doesn'the…NoD.doesn'the…Yes29.Idon’tknow_______,ifhe_______,I’lltellyou.A.ifhecomes,willcomeB.ifhewillcome,comes C.whetherhecomes,comes 30.____you_____outforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I______.A.Did…went…wentB.Did…go…went C.Did…went…didD.Did…go…did31._____Jack_____onwithhisworkor______tohavearest? A.Did…went…stoppedB.Did…go…stopC.Did…went…stopD.Did…go…stopped32.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin33.____yourbrother_____aletterto?---Myfather.A.Who…wroteB.What…wrote C.Whodid…writeD.Whatdid…write34.They_____abouttheTVnewstheninthesitting-room.Theyoften____suchtalksA.talked…hadB.talk…have C.weretalking…hadD.aretalking…have35.He______somecookingatthattime,so_____me.A.did…heardB.did…didn'thearC.wasdoing…heardD.wasdoing…didn'thear36."_____youangrythen?""They_toomuchnoise.”A.Are…weremakingB.Were…weremakingC.Are…madeD.Were…made37.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen38.We_____forTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.A.werewaiting…waitingB.werewaiting…wait 文案大全\n实用文档A.C.waited…waitingD.waited…wait 39.Whenyou_____atthedoor,I_____somewashing.A.knocked…didB.wasknocking…did C.knocked…wasdoingD.knock…amdoing 40.Theboy_____EnglishontheradiowhenI_____hisdoor.A.learned…wasopeningB.waslearning…openedC.learned…openedD.islearning…open十、被动语态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。eg.Weuseaknifeforcutting(主动句).Aknifeisusedforcutting(被动句)。一、构成：be+过去分词eg.1)Theworkisfinishedbyhim.2)ChineseisspokenbypeopleinChina.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词eg.EnglishisspokenbyEnglishmen.2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词eg.ThemachinesweremadeinChina.3.一般将来时:will/shall/begoingtobe+过去分词eg.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词eg.Theworkhasbeendonebythem.5.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词。eg.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourvillage.6.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词eg.MyTVsetwasbeingmendedatthattime.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词文案大全\n实用文档eg.Hemaybesentawayfromschool.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg.Mybikeneedstobemended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by+动作的执行者(宾格)”eg.HewascalledMikebyus4.不及物动词无被动语态（takeplace/happen;last;rise;sink;fall等）eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago(改错)_________5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。eg.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hours.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v+prep/adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby.→Thebabymustbetakencareof.练习题()1.Thisfactoryhasbeen____fortwoyearsA.openB.toopenC.openingD.opened()2.Thelightintheroom___beforeyouleave.A.mustturnoffB.willturnoffC.areturnedoffD.mustbeturnedoff()3.Theyoungtrees____plantedinspring.A.mustB.haveC.mustbeD.mustare()4.Chinese____byMissWangthreeyearsago.A.wastaughtB.istaughtC.wasteachedD.wereteach()5.Youngtrees___quiteoften.A.shouldwaterB.shouldbewaterC.shouldbewateredD.shouldhavewatered()6.English___bymanypeopleintheworldA.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.isspoken()7.Theoldpeople___wellinourcountry.文案大全\n实用文档A.islookedafterB.arelookedafterC.looksafterD.lookfor()8.Aliceisill.She____tohospitalatonce.A.issentB.mustbesentC.cansendD.mustsend()9.Thefactory____in1958.A.wasbuiltB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.built()10.Ourteachertoldusthattheclassroom_____everyday.A.shouldbecleanedB.shouldcleanedC.shallbecleanedD.mustcleaned()11.Football____allovertheworld.A.playsB.isplayingC.hasplayedD.isplayed()12.____silk____inSuzhou?A.Is,producedB.Are,producedC.Does,produceD.Was,produce()13.Muchmoney____spentonbookseveryyear.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is()14.Thestudentswasmade______thequestionsbytheteacher.A.answerB.toanswerC.answeringD.answered()15.Thesun____whenwegotthere.A.wasrisenB.hasbeenrisenC.hadrisenD.isrising二．句子成分和简单句：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’mMissGreen.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)文案大全\n实用文档4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：Heworkshard.(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(老师要我自学法语)☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：WhereisyourclassmateTom?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。五种简单句基本句型：1）主语+谓语Heislistening.2)主语+系动词+表语Iamateacher.3）主语+谓语+宾语IlikeEnglish.4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Shetellmeastory.5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Hemademelaugh.简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。分析下列句子的成分：1、Heoftengivesussomegifts。2、Thechildrenarelisteningquietly。3、Herunsfastinthestreet。4、Wefoundacatlyingunderthechair。5、Thesixstudentskeeptheirhandsbehindstheirbacks。6、Whathesaidjustnowisright。7.Wesawthesingerwalkinginthestreet。8、ThisisMissChen，ourmathsteacher。9、Westudentsshouldworkhard。10、Hebelievesthathewillsucceed。三．并列复合句1、基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句：(1)用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2)表示在两者之间选择一个,常用的连接词有or,otherwise,orelse,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3)表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折,常用的连接词有but,yet,still,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4)说明原因,用连接词for,前后分句时态一致。(5)表示结果,用连接词so,前后分句时态一致。文案大全\n实用文档四．主从复合句1、概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：Whilethegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。)/Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.(看起来会议没完没了。)/Hurryup,or(else)you'llbelate.(快点,要不然就来不及了。)/HoweverIcookeggs,thechildstillrefusestoeatthem.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)2、分类：从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条）1）表语从句：Thatiswhyhedidnotcometoschoolyesterday./Itisbecauseyouaresoclever.2）宾语从句：Theybelievethatthecomputerwillfinallytaketheplaceofhumanbeings.3）主语从句：Whathedidmadehisfatherexcited.4)状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when,as,while,after,before,since,assoonas,since,till(until),while,whenever等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如：Whenyoufinishthework,youmaygoouttoplaywithSam.Iwon’tleaveuntilMumcomesback.地点状语从句通常由where,wherever等引导。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom!Iwillneverforgettocatchthethiefwhostolemynecklacewhereverhemaybe.原因状语从句通常由because,since,as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：Hewentabroadbecausehisfatherhadfoundagooduniversityforhim.目的状语从句通常由sothat...,so...hat...,inorderthat...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can/could/may/might等情态动词。如：Hegotupearliersothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain.结果状语从句通常由sothat...,so...that...等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：Helostsomanybikesthathedecidednevertobuyanewone.比较状语从句通常由as,than,as(so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：JaneismuchtallerthanI/me./Idon’thaveasmanybooksasyou(do).让步状语从句通常由though(although),as,evenif(eventhough),however,whatever等引导。如：Evenifyoupaythedebt(债务)forme,Iwillnotthankyoubecauseithasnothingtodowithme.HewearsaT-shirtthoughitisverycold.条件状语从句通常由if,unless,aslongas等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。Youwillcertainlyfailinthecomingfinalexamsunlessyouworkmuchharder.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,weshallgohiking.[注意]1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。(4)定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：Themanwhohasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.Thisisthethief(that/who/whom)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.Thisistheroomwheretheyhadaquarrelaweekago.专项练习题：1.Theteacherunderstandsthat________Mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.when文案大全\n实用文档2.Iwaslisteningtothemusic________therewasaknockatthedoor.A.whileB.whenC.becauseD.until3.Youmayleavetheclassroomwhenyou________writing.A.finishB.arefinishingC.arefinishedD.hadfinished4.Heranasfastaspossible________hecouldreachschoolontime.A.inordertoB.soastoC.whenD.sothat5.________Iread,themoreIunderstand.A.ThemoreB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Forall6.WouldyougiveJohnnythisletterifyou________toseehimthisweek.A.willhappenB.happenC.arehappenedD.happened7.Shewasbusy,________shecouldn’tgotoyourbirthdaypartylastnight.A.andB.soC.orD.but8.Englishis________ausefullanguage________itisspokeninmanycountriesoftheworld.A.so…thatB.such…thatC.so…becauseD.such…because9.Youwillnotsucceedifyou________harder.A.willworkB.won’tworkC.workD.don’twork10.Writeclearly________yourteachercanunderstandyoucorrectly.A.sinceB.forC.becauseD.sothat11.________hefailed,hewentondoingtheexperiment.A.EvenB.YetC.AlthoughD.inspiteof12.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging13.Hisbrotherhasworkedthere________heleftschool.A.whenB.afterC.sinceD.until14.Theboydidn’tstoptalking________thesecondbellrang.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.because15.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst16.Iwasabouttoleavemyhouse________thetelephonerang.A.whileB.asC.whenD.since17.Itisatleasttenyears________thesetreeswereplanted.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.assoonas18.Hewillcometocallonyouthemomenthe________hispainting.A.finishedB.willfinishedC.hasfinishedD.hadfinished初中英语语法答案名词：1-15CBBDC,DBABD,ACBCB代词：1-10CCCAC,CABCB,11-20CCCAB,ABCAA,21-30CCBCC,BAABC,31-40BBBCA,AAABC形容词和副词：1-10CCBDC,CCACD11-20AADAD,CADAB21-30BABBB,ACCBC31-40DDABD,BDCCA介词：1-10DABAC,CAAAB11-20AAACC,ABCBB连词：1-10DAABC,ADAAA11-20BCDBB,CCDDB文案大全\n实用文档21-25CAABA动词及时态:1-10BABDB,CCABB11-20CCBAB,DDCBA21-30BCABC,DABBD31-40BCCCD,BCACB主从复合句：1-10CBADA,BBBDD11-18CACBC,CCC文案大全