初中英语代词练习题及详解

初中英语代词练习题及详解

代詞課堂例題講解正誤辨析［誤］Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.［正］Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.［析］形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語，也就是講它可以作形容詞，如：mybook，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的物件是mymother,也就是mine。［誤］Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.［正］Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.［析］在應用代詞時，要注意人稱，格與數的一致性。這裡it所代替的是不可數名詞homework，所以應用it。［誤］Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.［正］Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.［析］這主要是英語習慣上的用法。當兩個以上的人稱代詞並列時其排列順序一般為you,he,she,I,而複數時為we,you，they:如男女並列時，應先男後女，如：Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思，承擔責任時，單數時用，I,he,she,you,複數時用They,you，we,如：TomandIaregoodfriends.You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.22\nI,heandyouhavetopayforit.［誤］Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.［正］Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.［析］由either…or,neither…nor,or連接兩個主語時，如果兩主語是單數時，用單數代詞，如兩主語是複數時，用複數代詞，如：Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一單一複兩名詞時，一般將單數名詞放在前，複數名詞放在後，要用複數代詞，如：Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.［誤］Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.［正］Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.［析］than是連詞，其後應視為省略句，thanheis.所以要注意區分其主格與賓格的用法。Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.［正］Ilikeyouasmuchasher.［析］as…as其後也應看作是省略句。應為asIlikeher.所以應用賓格。而第一句應譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。［誤］Myselfdidityesterday.［正］Imyselfdidityesterday.［正］Ididitmyselfyesterday.［析］反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。［誤］Takecareofourselves.22\n［正］Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)［析］祈始句的主語應看作第二人稱you.［誤］Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.［正］Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.［析］反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動詞與介詞組成的動詞短語，如：Theoldwomanspoketoherself.［誤］Makeyourselfhome.［正］Makeyourselfathome.［析］這是英語中的習慣用法，意為“像在家裡一樣”。這樣的用法還有：enjoyoneself玩得開心makeyourselfathome像在家中一樣helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣［誤］—　Who'sthisspeaking.—　That'sMary.［正］—　Who'sthatspeaking.—　ThisisMary.［析］在電話用語中，this指講話人自己，而that指對方。［誤］Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.［正］Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.［析］在比較句中往往為了避免重複，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是單數時用that,複數時用those，如：TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.［誤］Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.22\n［正］Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.［正］Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.［析］在可數名詞單數時可用so+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞+that從句，也可用such+不定冠詞+形容詞+that從句。在不可數名詞或可數名詞複數時，只用such,如：ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little這4個詞前僅能用so,如：Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so與that之間僅存形容詞時，則不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.［誤］Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.［正］Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.［析］same與定冠詞the是固定搭配不可更改。這樣的用法還有allthesame(仍然)。［誤］—　Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—　Idon'thopeso.［正］—　Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—　Ihopenot.［析］在作肯定回答時，Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答時為：Idon'tthinkso.Ihope/believenot.［誤］—　Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.［正］—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.［誤］—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.［正］—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.22\n［析］在對話中如果某一動作同時適用於兩個主語，這時在答語中要用縮寫且要用倒裝句。如第一組句，即studiedhard既適用於he,也適用於she.但答語僅僅是對前句的重複，即僅僅是第一句的縮寫時則不要用倒裝句。如第二組句子為：英語難學。答語為：是的，難學。這時縮寫的答語不要用倒裝句。［誤］Everyoneshoulddoone'sbest.［正］Everyoneshoulddohisbest.［析］one作代詞時，它的複數形式是ones,所有格形式是one's，反身代詞為oneself.如果講Oneshoulddoone'sbest.則是對句。如果one與別的片語成其他詞，如：someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone則要用his/her，來作其所有格形式。［誤］—Whowonthegame?—None.［正］—Whowonthegame?—Noone.［析］由who提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略說法是noone,而由Howmany提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略語是None.如：Howmanybooksarethere?None.［誤］Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.［正］Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.［正］Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.［析］either作代詞時由兩個含意，其一是兩者中隨便哪一個，如：Youcantakeeither.其二是兩者中的每一個。但要注意的是either22\n後要加單數名詞，如果作主語則謂語動詞也要用單數形式。［誤］EitheryouorIareright.［正］EitheryouorIamright.［析］在either…or,或neither…nor連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞要與和其相近的那個主語相配。［誤］Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.［正］Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.［析］neither用於兩者中無一是，而none則用於多於兩者中的人或事物無一是。［誤］Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera.Idon'tliketoo.［正］Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera,Idon'tlikeeither.［析］either作為“也”講時，要用於否定句中，而too則用於肯定句中。［誤］Welikeboththislittleboy.［正］Webothlikethislittleboy.［析］both作同位語時，它在句中的位置有：在be動詞之後，如：Wearebothstudents.在實意動詞之前，如：Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用於第一助動詞之後，如：WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用時要注意以下句子的實際含意：Bothofusarenotright.應譯為：我們倆不都對。Neitherofusisright.才應譯為：我倆都不對。又如：Ican'tgiveyoubothofthebooks.意為：兩本書我不能全給你，而Ican'tgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才為：兩本書我全不能給你。22\n［誤］Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.［正］Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.［析］each作句子主語時其謂語動詞要用單數形式，如：EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell，但each作同位語時，則應以原名詞的數為准。［誤］Everyofushastopasstheexam.［正］Eachofushastopasstheexam.［析］every只可作形容詞，不可作代詞，而each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞，在作形容詞時each側重強調個體，而every則側重於全體。［誤］Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.［正］Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.［析］everyone不可與of結構相連接使用，而everyone則可以這樣用。［誤］IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.［正］IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.［析］要注意的是everyday是“每天”，而everyday則是形容詞為“日常的”。如：everydayEnglish日常英語，everydaylife日常生活。［誤］Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.［正］Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.［析］every用於三者或三者以上的每一個，而each用於二者或二者以上的每一個。因為街道只有兩側，所以只能用each而不能用every.［誤］Allmyparentsareengineers.［正］Bothmyparentsareengineers.22\n［析］all用於三者或三者以上的全部，而both則用於兩者的全部。［誤］Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.［正］Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.［正］Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.［析］非特指的名詞前可用all但不可用allof結構，也就是講allof結構後面的名詞前一定要有定冠詞。其他與all有關的習慣用法還有：alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter［誤］Theallvillagewasflooded.［正］Allthevillagewasflooded.［析］all作修飾語時要用在所有修飾詞之前。［誤］Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.［正］Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.［析］單數可數名詞如在泛指某一個時用another,而特指時則要用theother,因街道只有兩邊，而不在這邊必定是在另一邊，所以要用特指。請參考下表的用法以便於記憶。　單數複數泛指another形容詞作定語作名詞another代詞otherothers特指theother形容詞theother代詞theothertheothers22\n［誤］TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?［正］Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?［正］TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?［析］theothers=theotherstudents.［誤］Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.［正］Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.［析］another用於泛指，如：Isitfarfromheretothestation?----I'msorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指時則要用theother.它可以用作定語，theotherone,也可以用作代詞theother,但theother用作代詞時它的含意一定是單數。如果指三者或者三者以上的情況時，則要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…［誤］Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.［正］Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.［析］在泛指的複數名詞前用some…others…others…來表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。［誤］Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.［正］Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.［析］everyotherday為每隔一天。是習慣用法，不要隨意改動。又如：ontheotherhand另一方面。［誤］Manyknowhim，butfewlikeshim.［正］Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.22\n［析］few用於可數名詞，意為幾乎沒有，但few作主語時謂語動詞則要用複數形式，而afew為有一些。［誤］Youhavefewfriends,haven'tyou?［正］Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?［析］little與few用於句中時，均要按否定句看待。［誤］Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.［正］Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.［析］much用於不可數名詞，作主語時用單數謂語動詞。而many用於可數名詞，它作主語時用複數形式的謂語動詞。［誤］Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.［正］Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.［析］enough可以用作代詞，如：Thereisenoughofthefood.又如：Enoughhasbeendoneforthework，但enough還可以作形容詞來修飾名詞，這時enough可以放在名詞之前，也可放在名詞之後，如：moneyenough與enoughmoney都是對的。但當enough作副詞修飾形容詞時，則只能置於形容詞之後了。［誤］Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?［正］Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?［析］按照語法any用於疑問句和否定句，而some用於肯定句。［誤］Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?［正］Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?22\n［析］在由wouldyoulike發出的問句中，表達了說話者真心實意要為對方提供些飲料，或在說話者想得到對方的肯定答覆時，在疑問句中要用some而不用any。［誤］Someonewanttomeetyou.［正］Someonewantstomeetyou.［析］不定代詞應被看作單數，即使用and連接兩個不定代詞，也要看作單數，如：Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人，每一個人都有這樣的權力。［誤］NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.［正］ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.［析］it常常用在英文的句子中來代表時間、距離、天氣、自然現象，或用在句中作形式主語或賓語，如：Itisteno'clocknow.(代時間)Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距離)Itisveryhot.(代天氣)ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主語)Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式賓語)［誤］Becareful.Don'tdrinktoomany.［正］Becareful.Don'tdrinktoomuch.［析］這裡much所代的應是飲料或水，所以應為不可數名詞。22\n代詞加強練習題1Theseare＿＿＿books.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine2—＿＿＿isshe?—Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere3＿＿＿iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped＿＿＿.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork4Mary,help＿＿＿tothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves5—＿＿＿doyougotoschooleveryday?—Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere6Myskirtis＿＿＿popularthan＿＿＿.Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers22\n7—CanyouspeakEnglish?—Yes,butonly＿＿＿.AfewBafewClittleDalittle8Mr.　Smithisanoldfriendof＿＿＿.AIBmeCmyDmine9“＿＿＿doyouhearfromyourparents?”“Aboutonceamonth.”AHowlongBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowmuch10MrGreenwouldn'tsay＿＿＿atthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething11“Mum,Ann'scomingtonight.Let'sgiveher＿＿＿toeat.”“Goodidea!”AanythingniceBniceanythingCsomethingniceDnicesomething12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?—Idon'tmind.＿＿＿timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth13Thisisnotherkite,　but＿＿＿.Ahe'sBhimCheDhis22\n14Don'tworry,Mum!＿＿＿newsisgoodnews.I'msuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas＿＿＿applesthanhe.AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer16Thereisn't＿＿＿intoday'snewspaper.AanythinginterestingBsomethinginterestingCnothinginterestingDinterestinganything17September10this＿＿＿Day?ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher'sDTeachers'18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?—＿＿＿ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?—Sorry.Iwon't.Ihave＿＿＿todothere.AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?—＿＿＿Sam＿＿＿Bruce.Itwasthecat.22\nABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.＿＿＿areclimbingthehill.AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother22Sheisnotanurse.I'mnot＿＿＿.AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,＿＿＿isblue.AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers24Sorry,Ican'tansweryourquestion.Iknow＿＿＿aboutthesubject.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew25Mysisterdoesn'tlikeskating.＿＿＿.ASodoIBSoIdon'tCNeitherIdon'tDNeitherdoI26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,＿＿＿.Ayou,heandIBI,youandheChe,IandyouDyou,Iandhe27Allthestudentsarebusy,so＿＿＿ofthemwillgototheconcert.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew28Theteachergave＿＿＿studentanewbook.AnobodyBbothCeachDany29Blackisneitherateacher＿＿＿aworker.22\nAorBeitherCnorDand30Ourteachergaveus＿＿＿onstudying.AmanyadvicesBsomeadvicesCanadviceDsomeadvice31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One＿＿＿isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers32Arethere＿＿＿onthetable?AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups33I'vejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,＿＿＿areAmericanstamps.AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers34Itwas＿＿＿finedaythattheywenttothepark.AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So＿＿＿peoplelikedtakingtrains.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach＿＿＿.AotherBanotherCothersDtheother37＿＿＿isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.AManBOneCThatDIt38Janehassentseveralletters,but＿＿＿ofthemhavebeenanswered.22\nAallBbothCeitherDnone39Idon'tknow＿＿＿aboutthenewheadmaster.AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything40＿＿＿ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.ANoBNoneCNotDNeither代詞練習答案1［答案］B.22\n［析］這裡應用形容詞性物主代詞。2［答案］A.［析］這裡的四個疑問詞放在問句中全都成立，但其意義不同。Whatisshe?應譯為“她的工作是什麼?”或“她是做什麼的?”而Howisshe?應譯為“她身體如何?”而Whoisshe?應譯為“她是誰?”其答語應為“她叫什麼名字。”而Whereisshe?應為“她在什麼地方?”由答語決定了這道題的選擇。3［答案］A.［析］因為是肯定句所以應用Something,其後由於表停止工作了，則stop後要用動名詞。4［答案］C.［析］helponeselftosomething為“自己拿某物”。yourself為“你一個人”，而yourselves為“你們”。5.［答案］A.［析］這題的答案是由問句決定的。6［答案］D.［析］因句中有than,所以應選用比較級，而than後要選用名詞性物主代詞。7［答案］D.［析］因會講某種語言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可數名詞對待，此答語為：是的，但僅僅會講一點。8［答案］D.22\n［析］這裡應選名詞性物主代詞，這也是英語的一種習慣用法，而不要選擇my。9［答案］C.［析］Howoften問的是某一動作發生的頻率，即在單位時間內發生多少次。10［答案］C.［析］在否定句中應用anything11［答案］C.［析］肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應放其後而不要放在其前面。12［答案］C.［析］因如選用both則名詞要用複數名詞，也要用複數謂語動詞，由於答語前有Idon'tmind則決定不能選擇neither.13［答案］D.［析］要注意“他的”名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。14［答案］A.［析］這是一條諺語，即沒有消息就是好消息。15［答案］C.［析］由於是比較級，根據題意應選“多於”而不是“少於”。16［答案］A.［析］由於句子是否定句，應選擇anything，而且不定代詞的修飾語應放在其後面。17［答案］D.22\n［析］教師節Teachers'Day,兒童節Children'sDay,婦女節Women'sDay18［答案］C.［析］在答語中用簡略方式表達上文的一個動作同樣適用于另一個主語時，則要採用倒裝句，但如果僅僅是對上句的重複則不要倒裝。19［答案］D.［析］這個答案的選擇應由上下兩句對話內容作出決定。20［答案］C.［析］neither…nor意為既不……也不……21［答案］A.［析］這裡因為是代替複數名詞，所以應用名詞性的複數代名詞。22［答案］B.［析］在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.23［答案］A.［析］兩者中的另一個應為特指。而且應為單數形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數代名詞。others是泛指複數代名詞，而theothers是特指複數代名詞。24［答案］A.［析］中文講我對此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。25［答案］D.［析］這是表達上面否定句中的動作，也同樣不適合於第二個人。所以要用neither,並要採用倒裝句。22\n26［答案］A.［析］這是若干人稱代詞並列時的順序問題。請參看辨析中的例子。27［答案］D.［析］student為可數名詞。28［答案］C.［析］both其後的名詞應為複數，而any用於疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數可數名詞。29［答案］C.［析］neither…nor為“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。30［答案］D.［析］advice為不可數名詞。some可用於可數或不可數名詞之前。31［答案］C.［析］因為是兩者中的一個，所以另一個應用單數特指代詞。32［答案］D.［析］此句是疑問句，應用anycups,因提問時的be動詞用的是are。33［答案］B.［析］此空應填入主語。又因其範圍已定，所以應選特指的代名詞。theother只能用作單數，而others是泛指複數代名詞，故只能選B。34［答案］C.［析］在單數可數名詞前可以有兩種表達法，即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數名詞單數形式，如：suchagoodday，或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+22\n可數名詞單數，如：sogoodaday.35［答案］C.［析］這是英文的表達法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數人喜歡坐火車，英文要選用“few”。36［答案］A.［析］eachother意為“互相”，是習慣用語。37［答案］D.［析］這裡的真正主語應為不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主語只能用it.38［答案］D.39［答案］D.40［答案］B.22