初中过去完成时讲解及练习

初中过去完成时讲解及练习

过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。—一||1>那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10:00thismorning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1.rti时间状语来判定-般说來，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1)by+过去的时间点eg:Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。eg:WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。eg:TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发牛或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：(1)宾语从句屮当宾语从句的主旬为一般过去时，FL从旬的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从旬eg:Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)状语从句屮在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。WhenTgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句屮，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?\nAfterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.（3）表示意向的动词，女IIhope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示〃原木…，未能…〃Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.1.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作Z前已经完成或结朿，即发牛在“过去的过去”。WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook,（hadwritten发生在told之前）3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间四独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still,just,before,never等时间副词及by,before,unt订等引导的短语或从句连用。BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发牛在过去，但侧重对现在产牛的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have（has）+过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。\nIhadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。—rmsorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。一Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了儿分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）一Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰咋天回到家的。—Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了？（答语屮使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下儿点：1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterdeiy.Theyarrivedatthestationdttenyesterday.2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文來判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。女II：Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时來代替过去完成时；另外，在before,after,assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.时态综合例题解析:1——WhatarcMrandMrsBlackdoing?Theyteainthegarden.A.aredrinkingB.drankC.havedrunkD.drink2.Mymotheroftenasksmeearly.A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup\n4.Thecarandstoppedattheredtrafficlight-A.gotonB.gotoffC-sloweddownD.pickedup5.TomtheCDplayerfortwoweeks.A・haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD・hashad6.DoyouknowSorry,butifheback,youknowassoonaspossible.willlotB.whonhowillboA.whenwillhebeback,conies,back,willcome,willletC.whattimewi11hebeback,wil1come,letI),whattimehewi]1beback,comes,willlet6.Wetotheparkifitisfinetomorrow.A.willgoB.havegoneC.go7.Anewshoefactorywillinthispartofthecity.A.bebu订dingB.bebuiltC.bu订d8.allyourthings,Tom!Ihatethemhereandthere.Ok,Mom.A.PutupB・PutonC-PutdownD.Putaway9.Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekond?Sorry,Ipreferratherthan•A.tostayathome,gooutB.togoout,stayathomeC・stayingathome,gooutD.goingout,stayathome解析：1•根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案：A2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配asksbtodosth.故答案：D3•根据第一句的固定动词词组catchupwithsb及第二句的过去时态,故选答案：B1.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下來，故选答案：C2.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据fortwoweeks时间短语。故选答案：C\n6•此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是if条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B7•此题考杳if条件句的主句时态，要用-•般将来时，故选答案；A8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案：B9.此题考查四个动词词组putup,张贴，举起；puton穿上，上演；putaway把一-收拾好。根据后半句〃我讨厌到处乱放"，故选答案：D10.此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefertodosthratherthandosth.故选答案：C.一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配)：1.Apolicemansawtwothievesagirl'smobilephoneonthebusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC-stoleD.stolen2・TheChinesepingpongplayerswilljoininthematch.Let'sthemsuccess.A.wishB.towishC.hopeD.tohope2.lieissocarelessthathealwayshisschoolthingsathome.A.forgetsB.forgotC.leavesD.]eft3.Whothecomputer?Iwanttouseit.Timmy.Heitforaweek.A.borrowed,hasborrowedB.hasborrowed,boughtC-hasborrowed,haskeptD.bought,hasborrowed4.Look!Oneofthegirlsthedoor.A.cleansB.iscleaningC-clean1).arecleaning5.Ifyoudon，tfeelwell,youmayjuststoppedreadingB.stopreadingC-stoppedtoread1).stoptoread6.Wherecanwegetabaseball?Let's―.A.lendJimoneB.lendonetoJimC.borrowonefromJimD.borrowoneofJim7.Mymodelshipdoesn'twork・DonJtworry.I'llhaveitthisafternoon.A.repairingB.madeC.repairedD.mend\nA.needB.mustC-canD.may10.Willyouthelight?It'sdarkintheroom.A.getonB.getoffC.trunonI),turnoff11.MynameisZhangMingjian.YoumaymeZhangMingjianorMrZhang.A.askB.sayC-tel1D.call12.ThereisgoingtoagameinourschoolthisafternoorLA.hasB.haveC.beD.are13.You，dbettersmoking・It'sbadforyourhealth.A.eatupB.giveupC.comeupD.getup14.Howdoyoulikethisbook?1thinkithasnothingtowithourstudy.A・makeB・doC・takeD.hold15.WhereisMrBrown?Ihavesomequestionstoaskhim・Hetheoffice.A.hasbeentoB・hasbeeninC.hasgonetoD.hasgonein16.Thebuskeptthepeoplefortwentyminutes.A.waitB.towaitC-waitingD.waits17.Ibelievethescientistswi11abetterwaytohealthedisease.A.getonwithB・comeupwithC.goonwithD・catchupwith18.Whydoyouoftenthispinkblouse?Becauseitfitsmewell.A.putonB.wearC.buyI),tryon19.Jackalwaysrunsfasterthan1Peter,butthistimehehim.A.wentoverB.fellbehiridC.putoff1).droppedoff20.TheInternetiteasytogetmuchnewinfomiationin.ashorttime.A.findsB・makesC.feelsD.takes二、选择最佳答案填空（动词时态）:\n1.Weoutbythattimethatheathiefforalongtime.\n1.Itsohappenedthattheythenovelbefore.A.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.read2.Shefornearlytwohours.A・kepttalkingkepttotalkC・haskepttalkingD・kepttotalking3.Springafterwinter.A.comesB.cameC・hascomeD・hadcome4.-1hearsomenoiseinthenextroom.-Oh,yes.Yoursisterthere.A.criesB.iscryingC.criedD・wascrying6.Allthestudentstoplanttreesandthere，snobodyintheclassroom.A.goB.willgoC.havegoneD.woundgo7.Stop!Alittieboythestreet.A.iscrossingB.crossesC-crossedI),hascrossed&Thegirltomilksincelastwinter.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.wouldlearn2.Whattoyouthismorning?A.happensB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappenecl3.-Theoldmanlookshealthy.-Yes.Hesomerunningafterhegetsup.A.doesB.didC-hasdoneI),willdo4.Shedidn'tpasstheexamsbecausesheherlessonswell.A.wasnJtpreparedB.wasr?tbeenpreparedC.hadn，tpreparedD.waspreparing5.Thisstoryinafarawayvi11ageinEuropemanyyearsago.A.ishappenodB.washappenodC.happenodD.hasbeenhappenod6.-MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.-Really?Forwhat?-Theoldmanthenoisointhecity.A.ishatingB.hatesC.washatingD.hashated\nA.diedB.willdieC-hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead15.Mymotherisill.Istayathomeandlookafterher-A.hastoB.mustC.wouldI),havetohimfortwoyears.16・DoyouknowtheFrenchman?Yes.IA.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.havebeenknown17.Theyalltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.A.spendB.hadspentC.havespentD.wi11spend18.Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories19.A.haveB.haveC.haveD.worebeentakenplace,takenplace,havetakenplace,havetakenplace,werehavebeensetupbeensetupsetupsotup-WhendidKate'sgrandmadie?Whilethedoctors_onher.A.areopcratingB.wereoperatingC.operatcD.operatod20.Whoareyoulookingfor?MrWhite.Waithereforawhile.Theclassmeetingoverinhalfanhour.A・isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeen21.Ifshe'snotathome,youtrytelephoningherattheoffice-A.willB.couldC.wouldD.need22.Al1thenewwordsupinthedictionaryyet.A.havelookedB.havetlookedC.havebeenlookedD・havetbeenlooked23-Idon，twanttospeaktoher,but1musttoA・doB.havetoC.havetospeakD.24.Hurryup,oryouthetrain.A.missB・loseC.willmissD・willlose25.Thenewlibrarynextweek.D.wouldbebuiltA..willbuildB.willbebuiltC・wouldbuild26.Where'sMabel?Shepingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.\nA.isplayingB.wasplayingC・playedD・hadplayed27.Quiteafewtallbuildingsthelasttwoyears-A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putup28.Man-made-satellitesintospacebymanycountries-A・wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup29.Ial1thewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow?B.copyB.willcoupC.copiedD・havecopied30.Nobodyknewalivinginthatcountry.A.todoB・tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomake31.Theoldmanneedsatmostfivehour'ssleepanight,butheforoversevenhourstonight.A.hasfallenasleepBhassleptChasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleep32.rmreallygettingtoofat.Fromnowon,Imoreexerciseandeatlessfood.AhavedoneBdoCamdoingDwilldo33.Youdon，tneedher.Iherforseveraltimes.Adescribe,hadmetBdescribe,meetCtodescribe,havemetDdescribe,met34-HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficuIt•AinfollowingBforbeingfollowedCtofollowDtobefollowedby35-Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindwayspeoplelifemore.A.tohelp,enjoyB.help,toenjoyC.help,enjoyingD.tobehelped,toenjoy36.Whatdidyourclassteacheryoutoatthemeeting?A.tell,sayB・ask,speakC.tell,speakD.ask,talk37.thebusuntilit•A.Getoff,stopsB.getoff,willstopC-Don'tgetoff,stopsD.Don'tgetoff,willstop38ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghaiinthelasttenyears.A.hasraisedB.hasrisenC.hasbeenraisedD.hasbeenrisen\n39-WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?Tieacitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears-A.hasdrivenB.droveC・drivesD.isdriving40.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.begsnC.hasbeenonD・hasbegun1—5BACCB6-10BCCBC11—15DCBBC16-20CBBBB二1-5CAAAB6-10CACCC11—15CCBCI)16-20BCBBB21-25ADBCB26-30AACDD31-35BDCCA36-40ACBBC