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高中英语必修4翻译
高中英语必修4翻译★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授研究组提供必修4第一单元女人成就感阅读如果你想观赏非洲野生动物的一名学生这是45是,太阳初升带来超过贡贝国家公园东非。证明简的研究途径黑猩猩,我们小组都去拜访他们在森林里。简研究这些家庭野生黑猩猩很多年了,帮助人们了解多少它们像人类。看一个家庭的黑猩猩醒来是我们的第一项活动的时间。这意味着回到的地方,让我们离开了家睡在树是昨天。每个人会和等待在树荫下树,而家庭开始醒来,驶去了。然后我们坚持他们在进了森林。大多数时候,黑猩猩要么饲料或清洁彼此示爱的一种方式,在他们的家庭。简警告我们,我们的团队将会非常累又脏的下午,她是对的。然而,晚上,什麽都值得。我们能看到母亲黑猩猩和她的孩子们玩的那棵树。然后我们再来看看他们去睡在一起在他们的巢过夜。我们意识到债券成员之间的家庭是一只母黑猩猩一样强大在一个人类的家庭。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n没有人在简完全理解黑猩猩的行为。她花了几年的观察和记录他们的日常活动。因为她的童年她原先想对动物的研究工作在自己的环境。然而,这不是一件容易的事。当她第一次到达贡贝在1960年,是不同寻常的女人生活在森林里。只有在她母亲来帮助她在最初的几个月里使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变方式人们想黑猩猩。举例来说,最重要的一点是,她发现黑猩猩打猎和吃肉。在那之前,每个人都认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她实际观察的黑猩猩,作为一个群体,准备捕捉一只猴子,然后吃它。她也发现黑猩猩彼此沟通,她的研究他们的肢体语言帮助她制定好社会制度。四十年学者珍‧古德已直言不讳的关于使世界上的其他国家了解和尊重这些动物的生命。她声称,野生动物应离开了野生地和不使用娱乐或广告。她已经帮助建立特别的地方,在那里他们可以安全地生活。她正领导忙碌的生活,但她说:“当我停,这都是,我记得的拥挤黑猩猩在实验室进行的。这真是糟透了。它影响着我,当我看野生黑猩猩。我对我自己说,“不是幸运吗?然后我想小黑猩猩在笼中虽然他们没有做错任何事。一旦你已经看到你永远也不会忘记…”她已经达到她想做的一切工作与动物在自己的环境,获得了博士学位,并显示,女性可以生活在森林中男性。她激发了那些想要带给女性的贡献。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n使用语言为什么不继续她的伟大事业?我很喜欢英语,生物学与化学在学校里,但要哪一种,我应该选择在大学里学什么?我不知道答案直到有一天晚上,当我坐在电脑做些调查大女人中国。我偶然碰到一篇关于医生叫林巧稚那样到医学院,一家专业从事妇女疾病。她住从1901年推到1983年。她似乎一直很忙着她在国外旅行的所选择的职业来学习和写作书和文章。其中之一引起了我的注意。那是一个很小的本书解释如何将有死亡率以及照顾婴儿。她给了一些简单的规则可循,让宝宝身上不干净、健康、不受疾病。为什么她写的吗?谁是妇女思想林巧稚那样到医学院需要这个建议吗?我仔细地看了看文本意识到那是专为女性在乡下。也许,如果他们有紧急事情他们不能达到一个医生。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n突然间,我有多么的困难,女人得到医疗培训。那是一个时产生的女童的教育总是位居第二,男孩则为。她是那么的聪明程度比其他人吗?进一步阅读使我了解到,它是很艰苦的工作和决心和性质温和,让她进入医学院。究竟是什么让她成功后来是爱心,和考虑她把她所有的病人。有一个接着一个的故事怎样林巧稚那样到医学院,累了工作了一天后,就晚了传递给孩子一个贫穷的家庭。请不起她。到现在为止,我都等不及来更多地了解她。我发现林巧稚那样到医学院投入了她的一生出诊,选择不再拥有一个属于她自己的家庭。相反,她确信,大约有5万名婴儿安全送达。这时候我非常兴奋。为什么不学习,像林巧稚那样到医学院医学院校继续她的伟大事业?它还了,也不妨碍我提高我的研究,准备大学入学考试,和…。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n第二单元耕作土地阅读先锋虽然他是中国最著名的科学家袁隆平觉得自己是一位农民,因为他工作地做他的研究。事实上,他被太阳晒黑的脸和武器和他的苗条,强壮的身体就像那些数以百万计的中国农民,是因为他难以在过去的五十年。留学解答资讯网:袁隆平博士生长所谓的超级杂交水稻。1974年,农业先驱成为第一个世界上,种植水稻高产。这种特殊的紧张的大米使得它有可能得到三分之一的人更多的作物在同一领域。现在更多的超过60%的大米在中国生产的每一年都从这个混合的压力。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n出生于一个贫穷的农夫一家人在1930年,人民币博士毕业于西南农业大学在1953年。从那时起,寻找一种方法来种植更多的稻米已成为他的生活目标。作为一个年轻人,他见到了那个伟大的需要增加稻米产量。在那个时候,饥饿是一个令人不安的问题的许多地区的农村。元寻找一个博士的办法来增加水稻收成没有区域扩大及各个领域。在1950年,中国的农民能产生只有50万吨大米。在最近的收获,然而,差不多二百百万吨米被生产出来。这些增加的收成意味着22%的世界上的人们是美联储仅仅从7%的耕地在中国。现在元博士循环他的知识在印度、越南和许多其他的不发达的国家增加了他们农作物的收成。由于他的研究,联合国已经在战斗中更多的工具为消除世界上的饥饿。用他的杂交水稻生产丰收,农民们之前的两倍。人民币博士十分满意他的生命。然而,他不在乎出名。他觉得这给他不自由做他的研究。他宁可保持跛的时候。他喜欢听小提琴音乐,打麻将、游泳和阅读。把钱花在自己,或引导舒适的生活也意味着很少给他。事实上,他相信一个人太多的钱更多的事情,而不是更少的烦恼。因此他给数百万元装备他人的研究在农业生产上。只是做梦的东西,然而,什么代价。很久以前做过一个梦,在梦里元博士对水稻植物高粱那么高。每个水稻穗大是为耳朵玉米和每一粒大米作为一个巨大的花生。他的梦想醒来元博士希望生产一种大米可以养活更多的人。现在,许多年以后,人民币博士出口一个梦,他的稻米可以生长到全球。同一个梦想永远不够,特别是对于一个人爱我和关心他的百姓。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n语言运用化学或有机耕种吗?在过去的半个世纪里,使用化学肥料已经变得非常常见的耕作。很多农民欢迎他们作为一个伟大的方法阻止农作物病害,增加生产。然而最近,科学家们一直在寻找,长期使用这些肥料能引起对土地造成损害,更危险的,人的身体健康。什么是有些化肥所引起的问题吗?首先,它们会危害土地害虫杀死有益细菌的有害影响。化学物质还停留在地面和地下水了很长时间。这影响的农作物,因此,动物和人类,因为化学物质进入的庄稼和不能有点褪色了。这些化学物质在食物供应堆积在人身上。许多这些化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。此外,多吃水果、蔬菜和其他食物化学肥料种植通常成长太快布满多的营养。他们看起来很漂亮,但里面,通常会有过多的水比维生素和矿物质。这些发现,一些农民并与众多的客户建立开始转向有机耕种。有机耕种就是农业不用化学药品。它们集中保持土壤富裕而自由疾病。一个健康的土壤减少疾病和帮助农作物生长健壮的体魄。有机耕种的农夫,因此,使用天然往往更喜欢动物排泄物化肥。他们觉得这使土壤更丰富的矿物质在他们自己的专业领域,所以更丰满。这也使空气、土壤、水和庄稼脱离的化学物质。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n有机耕种的农夫也用其他方法来保持土壤肥沃。他们经常改变种作物在各领域,每隔几年,例如,种植玉米和小麦,然后明年豌豆或大豆。作物,如豌豆或大豆把重要的矿产资源放回土地,使它准备作物,如小麦或玉米,需要丰富和肥沃的土壤。有机耕种的农夫也种植粮食作物,使用不同的层次的土壤,例如,种植花生使用的地表的蔬菜紧随其后放下很深的根源。一些有机耕种的农夫喜欢之间湿地种草作物以预防风或水土壤带走,然后让它成为在地面上的自然的肥料,次年的收获。这些许多不同的有机方法种植有相同的目标:长得好食物和避免对环境的破坏或人的身体健康。第三单元otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n幽默阅读主的非语言作为维克多·雨果曾经说过,“笑是太阳,它从人们脸上赶走冬天”,到目前为止没有人能做得比查理·卓别林也是。他让美国和英国人的生活在两次世界大战和硬年之间。他让人们笑了,而感到沮丧的时候,所以他们能够有更多的内容与他们的生命。不查理自己的生活是容易的!他出生在一个贫穷的家庭1889。他的父母都是可怜的音乐厅演员的表演。你可能会觉得很惊讶查理被教导要唱,只要他能说话,又跳舞,只要他能走路。这样的训练是很普遍的,在代理的家庭在这段时间,特别是当家庭收入经常是不确定的。不幸的是他的父亲去世后,离开家庭甚至更糟的是,所以查理度过了他的童年照顾生病的母亲和他的兄弟。他的十几岁的孩子们看来,查理已经有,通过他的幽默,成为最受欢迎的儿童演员在英国。他能哑剧演员和行为的傻子在干什么普通的日常工作。没有人曾经是无聊看他造万物,关注的微妙的表演娱乐。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n随着时间的推移,他开始制作电影。他变得越来越受欢迎,作为他的人格魅力,小流浪汉,成为闻名世界。这个流浪汉,一个可怜的,无家可归的人穿了一件大的裤子胡子,用旧的鞋子和小圆黑色的帽子。一动不动地走过携带一根手杖。这个字是一个社会衰败的爱我的人,但他的乐观情绪和决心克服所有的困难。自己处于劣势的人是哪怕别人是一种对他不好。片中的小流浪汉是如何做一个悲哀的情况有观赏性?这是一个例子,从他最著名的电影之一,的淘金热。这是十九世纪中期和黄金刚刚在加州发现了。和很多人一样,小流浪汉和他的朋友有急急忙忙地跑到那里找金子,但没有成功。相反,他们正躲在一间小棚屋在山边的暴风雪期间东西吃了。他们太饿了,他们努力沸腾的一双皮鞋吃饭。查理第一次选出的蕾丝花边和吃他们,如果他们意大利面条。然后他割断的鞋子上端的皮子,就好象它是最好的牛排。最后,他试切割和嚼底部的鞋。他吃津津有味地品尝以极大的乐趣。代理是非常令人信服,让你相信这也是最好的食物时,他总是有味道!查理·卓别林的编剧、导演和生产,他主演的电影。1972年他被赋予了一种特殊的奥斯卡他每场比赛都工作在电影。他住在英国和美国,但是晚年在瑞士,1977年逝世后安葬在那里。他的爱戴和怀念是位伟大的演员谁能激励人们很有信心。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n语言运用英语笑话1有成千上万的笑话透过“在玩文字游戏”来逗我们开心。一个人问了一个问题,希望某一特定的答复。相反,他会是另一种答案让情况有趣。现在看到其中的一些客户和服务员的笑话。你能匹配的笑话解释吗?1个C型:那是什么苍蝇在我的汤里干嘛呢?魏:游泳,我认为!2C:那是什么?服务员:豆汤。克鲁德:我不想知道是什么。我想知道是什么了。3C:服务员,薄煎饼很长吗?女:不,先生。圆的。一些玩笑都长了,告诉一个简短的,有趣的故事。以下是一个笑话的著名的侦探福尔摩斯和他的朋友——华生医生。看一看,看看,这两种笑话你喜欢的。给你的理由。福尔摩斯和华生医生去露营在山区。他们躺在露天在星星下。福尔摩斯抬头看着星星和低声说:"华生,当你看着那个美丽的天空,你怎么想的?”华生回答,“我认为生命的短暂和多长时间宇宙延续下去。”“不,不,华生!”福尔摩斯说。“你真的认为的?。”沃特森又试了一次。“我认为有多小,我多么辽阔天空是。”“再试一次,华生!”福尔摩斯说。沃特森试了第三次。“otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n我认为多冷,宇宙是和热情们会在他们的床位。”福尔摩斯说:"华生,你这个傻瓜!你应该认为有人偷走了我们的帐篷!"第四单元有关身体语言阅读沟通:没问题?otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n昨天,另一个学生和代表我们大学学生会,去了首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。他们要来学习在北京大学任教。我们要先他们的宿舍,然后到学生餐厅。半小时后,等待他们的飞行到的,我看见几个年轻的人们进入等候区好奇地环顾四周。我站在一会儿看他们,然后就去迎接他们。第一个到的人是托尼·加西亚从哥伦比亚,其次是朱丽亚史密斯来自英国。在我遇见了他们,然后介绍彼此,我很惊讶。托尼接近茱莉亚,碰着她的肩膀并亲吻她的脸颊。她退后一步出现对此感到惊讶,并举起她手,就像在后防线上。”我猜想有可能就留下了一个很大的误解。然后晶来自日本的Nagata笑着走进来,连同乔治厨师来自加拿大。当他们进行了介绍,乔治把手伸到日本的学生。就在那时,然而,仙道他的鼻子低下了乔治的移动的手。他们互相道歉——另一种文化的错误!阿齐兹艾哈迈德,另外一个国际学生,从约但河。昨天我们见面时,他转会非常接近我,就像我作了自我介绍。我搬回了一点,但他走得更近了,问一个问题,然后跟我握了握手。当达琳Coulon从法国来冲通过大门时,她承认托尼·加西亚的笑容。他们握了握手,然后在每两次互相亲吻脸颊,因为这是成年人,在法国习俗遇到很多人,他们知道。艾哈迈德Aziz.,恰恰相反,简单的点了点头在女孩子。男人从中东和其他穆斯林国家往往会站得很近,给别人说话,但通常不碰女性。当我了解更多的国际朋友,我了解更多的关于这一文化“身体语言”otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n。互相问候,并非所有文化都同样,他们也以同样的方式舒适用触摸或距离人民之间的友谊。同时,非语言交际与口语,他们也表达自己的感情使用潜“语言”通过物理距离,动作或的姿势。英国人,例如,通常不站得很近别人或触摸陌生人只要他们见面。然而,人们从的地方,如西班牙,意大利和南美国家密切接触那些更容易接触他们。大多数人现在,全世界的握手,互相问候,但是一些文化使用其他的问候,如日本,喜欢鞠躬。这些行为没有好与坏,而仅仅是文化的方法开发的产品。我所见,然而,身体语言文化习俗非常普遍,而不是一种文化真正的所有成员行为是相同的。一般来说,学习国际海关一定可以帮助避免困难在当今世界的文化的十字路口。语言运用显示我们的感情肢体语言是一种非常强大有力的沟通方式,甚至更强大的比口语。世界各地的人们都在显示所有种类的感情、愿望和态度,他们可能永远不会大声说话。这是可能的“读”我们周围的人,即使他们不打算让我们搭乘他们没有沟通。当然,肢体语言可能误读,但许多手势和行动是全球通用的。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n最普遍的面部表情,当然,微笑,它的功能是把结婚的喜悦和使人感到自在。这并不一定意味着,我们是真正的幸福,但。微笑是假的世界各地其他的情绪,隐藏诸如愤怒、恐惧或担忧。有不愉快的微笑,比如一个人“丢了面子”和微笑掩藏起来。然而,通用的笑容是指感觉良好。自从我们是孩子,我们表现出不幸和生气的眉头皱了起来。世界大多数地方,眉头皱了起来,把你的回有些患者的愤怒。做一个拳头,摇了它几乎总是是说,有人生气,威胁到另一个人。有很多方法展示世界各地的合同,但点头头部上下用于协议,几乎世界各地。大多数人也知道动摇头部,摇头意味着不同意或拒绝。可以给我厌烦?要远离人或打哈欠,在大多数情况下,让我似乎不感兴趣。然而,如果我转向看看某人或某事,人们从几乎每一种文化都将会认为我有兴趣。如果我卷我的眼睛,把我的头走吧,我最可能不相信我所听到或不喜欢它。被尊重人们主观的,基于不同文化,但总体上可能并不是一个好主意给地拥抱你的老板或老师。几乎在每一个不同的文化中,它不是通常最好站得太靠近别人级。站在一段距离张开双手将表明,我愿意听。有这么多的文化人与人之间的差异,是伟大的有一些相似之处的身体语言。我们经常可以对彼此的是错的,所以它是一件令人惊异的事物让我们彼此了解像我们一样!otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n第五单元主题公园阅读乐趣和超过乐趣主题公园——主题公园,你想去吗吗?有各种各样的主题公园,有不同的公园在几乎所有:食品、文化、科学、漫画、电影和历史。一些公园以还是最长的一次极大的过山车,别人,展现着著名的景象和声音的文化。任何一个你喜欢的任何东西,有一个主题公园,为您服务!otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n主题公园你也许是最熟悉是迪斯尼乐园。它能被发现在世界的一些地方。它将带你进入一个神奇的世界,使梦想成真,无论在太空中,参观一艘海盗船或会议你最喜欢的童话迪士尼卡通人物。当你流连周围幻想游乐园里,你可以看到白雪公主或米老鼠的游行队伍中有或者在街上。当然迪斯尼乐园也有许多刺激的游乐设施,从大摆船只可怕的自由降落式下降。所有这些景点,难怪旅游是增加哪儿有迪斯尼乐园。如果你想从中得到乐趣,超过有趣,来到迪斯尼乐园!Dollywood,在美丽的冒烟的山在中国东南部,是美国的最独特的主题公园,在世界上。Dollywood节目和庆祝美国的传统东南文化。虽然Dollywood有奔波,公园的主要景点是它的文化。著名的乡村音乐小组表现那里所有年室内和室外的剧院。来自美国各地的人看到木匠和其他工匠使木、玻璃和鉄器在传统的方式。访问糖果铺试做同样的种糖,美国南方150年前了,或乘坐火车的唯一蒸汽——发动机仍工作在东南美国。你甚至可以看到美丽的秃鹰在全球最大的秃鹰保存。而对于那些喜欢车,Dollywood有最出名的旧木头的过山车,确定。这是世界闻名,但遇到的最大长度,最小的空间。来Dollywood玩学习所有对美国的历史东南文化!otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n如果你想体验有日子以来的英语而伟大的事迹骑士和女士们,首领和王后的,那么英格兰到公园是地方给你。每个位置的公园是今后的人生模仿的亚瑟王和圆桌骑士圆桌旁。在一个地方,你可以看魔术表演和梅林向导。如果你想要见战斗用剑或骑马,然后jousting区是一个好地方,来访问。7你若行得好,亚瑟王可以选择你们以我的名义战斗在大jousting比赛。你喜欢动物吗?然后去参观这个农场面积、学习人们如何在古代的英国跑他们的农场和照顾他们的动物。进入一个幻想世界里,关于古代的英国,来到公园。语言运用FUTUROSCOP-EXCITEMENT和学习上周我带一段旅程深入空间,对太阳系的结束,把车开到黑洞。21我把去巴西和经验丰富的幸存的飞机事故在丛林中。在那之后,我加入了一些潜水,到大海的底部看到奇怪的盲目的生物,从未见过的阳光。休息,我参加了一些赛车,然后滑雪板下一些最难的山脉,在世界上。最后我我搭乘面对面会面,可怕的恐龙,并且在养的经验!otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n我这一切都是在一个伟大的日子在Futuroscope。打开1987年,是世界上最大的Futuroscope太空时代的公园,在世界上。这门学科,并在法国科技型主题公园采用国内最先进的技术。它的三维电影院和巨大的电影屏幕替换为品牌新经验的地球和超越。游客可以接近世界上的部分地区他们从来没有体验过,去大海的底部,飞行穿过丛林的边缘,或亲临太阳系以外的行星。令人惊奇的,不断更新的信息加之更多的机会学习方式使世界出现在现实生活中,以一种全新的方式接待客人。整个园区教育中心让访客试着自身的科学实验,以及了解更多的关于太空旅行、海底世界,尘粒多。我买了票为自己和我的朋友们在公园的入口,但门票亦可以在网上搜索到。Futuroscope不仅对个人,但也是完美混合的乐趣和学习上课的外面。类或其他大型团体,让Futuroscope了解他们的计画能预先得到集团招生率。任何来自出城去,Futuroscope具有许多优异的酒店附近,其中大多数提供免费穿梭巴士去公园。如果正在开车,Futuroscope是触手可及的高速公路。你的旅行计划开始之前,因为Futuroscope有如此多的显示,活动和伟大的纪念品商店,很难欣赏。随时多走路,一定要穿一些舒适的运动鞋或其他走路的鞋!必修五语法I过去分词过去分词作为表语 Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n (1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing形式来修饰物. (3)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1.过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2.过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.过去分词作为状语 1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作. (1)Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. 【注意】written为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写.值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦).otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n (2)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. 2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致. (1)Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem. 再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语I,即I被再给一个小时.) (2)_Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous. 从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.) 【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. (1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(thesignal是given的逻辑主语,因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语. (2)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(herhead是heldhigh的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she就不再是heldhigh的逻辑主语.)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n 3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句. (1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了.(caughtinaheavyrain为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.) (2)_Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.(growninrichsoil为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定. 4.过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开. Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.过去分词作为宾语补足语 (一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n 1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等. (1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;) (2)_Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found) 2.表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等. (1)I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发. (2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了. (3)Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完. 3.表示思维活动的动词如consider，know，think等后。如： (1)Iconsiderthemattersettled.我认为这件事解决了。 (2)Ithoughtmyselfwrongedsomehowinthebargain.我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。 4.表示爱憎､意愿的动词如want，wish，like，hate等后。如：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n (1)Iwantedtwoticketsreserved.我要预定两张机票。 (2)Hedidn’twishitmentioned.他不愿这事被提起。 【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系. (二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况. 1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了) 2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了.(自己的经历)with+宾语+过去分词"的结构 此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语. (1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式) (2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件) (3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因) (4)_Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿.过去分词高考题集一、过去分词作定语动词过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的，单个的分词作定语常常放在被修饰词的前面，而分词短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。且分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1．Mostoftheartists____________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica．［MET90］A．invitedB．toinviteC．beinginvitedD．hadbeeninvited【简析】句中的mostoftheartists与invited之间是被动关系，故应选用过去分词，相当于whowereinvited，答案为A。2．Thecomputercentre，____________lastyear，isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool．［NMET93］A．openB．openingC．havingopenedD．opened【简析】根据句中的lastyear可知thecomputercentre去年就开业了，表示完成的动作；而且open与thecomputercentre又存在被动关系，句意为：去年开办的计算机中心在这所学校里受到学生们的欢迎。答案为D。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n3．Thefirsttextbooks____________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury．［NMET94］A．havingwrittenB．tobewrittenC．beingwrittenD．written【简析】根据语境，我们应选D，因为written既表示被动又表示完成的动作。A不能作后置定语，B是不定式的被动语态，表示将来的动作，C表示正在进行的动作，均不合题意。4．TheOlympicGames，____________in776BC，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912．［NMET97］A．firstplayingB．tobefirstplayedC．firstplayedD．tobefirstplaying【简析】根据题意可知，theOlympicGames与play之间是被动关系，因此可以排除A和D，另外B表示将来的动作，也应排除，故答案为C。它可还原成一个非限制性定语从句：whichwasfirstplayedin776BC。二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，它常与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。作条件、原因、时间状语时，分词短语常位于句首；作伴随、方式、结果状语时，分词短语常位于句末。5．____________moreattention，thetreescouldhaveotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\ngrownbetter．［MET90］A．GivenB．TogiveC．GivingD．Havinggiven【简析】句子主语thetrees与give之间是被动关系，故答案选A，过去分词短语Givenmoreattention作条件状语，放于句首。6．____________inthought，healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim．［NMET96］A．LosingB．HavinglostC．LostD．Tolose【简析】belostinthought为固定搭配，意为“陷入沉思”，因此答案选C。过去分词短语Lostinthought与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且在句中作原因状语。注意：过去分词作状语时，有时可以与一些连词连用，如：when,while,if,until,once等，这实际上是过去分词在省略句中的应用。7．Theresearchissodesignedthatonce____________nothingcanbedonetochangeit．［NMET2002］A．beginsB．havingbegunC．beginningD．begun【简析】答案为D。oncebegun在句中作条件状语，它是状语从句onceitisbegun的省略形式，句意为：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好，以致于一旦开始，什么也无法改变它。8．Generallyspeaking,______accordingtotheotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\ndirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(2003’上海)A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken【简析】完整的说法应是whenthedrugistakenaccordingtothedirections,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同，因此可以省略从句的主语thedrug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when。三、过去分词作表语过去分词及过去分词短语作表语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；而现在分词及其短语作表语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。9．Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____________bythehour．［NMET98］A．payB．payingC．paidD．topay10．AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____________frommyfriends．［NMET2001］A．separatedB．sparedC．lostD．missed【简析】第8题答案为C，过去分词paid作系动词get的表语，类似的用法还有：getmarried，getbeaten，getexcited，getcaughtin等。同样，第9题答案为A，句意为：当我们走进人群中时，我和朋友们分开了。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n过去分词作表语时，应注意它和现在分词的区别：现在分词常常表示特征，意为“令人……”，而过去分词则表示状态，意为“（某人）感到……”。如：11．Iusedtoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime，butnowIaminterestinginfootball．［NMET97短文改错］［答案］将interesting改为interested。四、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语时，常见的句式有：1．使役动词或感官动词(have,make,see,hear,watch,notice,feel等)＋宾语＋过去分词。如：YesterdayIhadmybicyclerepaired．Theteacherspokesoslowlysothathecouldmakehimselfunderstood．Onmywaybackhome,Iheardmynamecalled．另外，have还有“遭受、遭遇”的意思。如：Yesterdayshehadherwalletstolenwhenshewasdoingshopping．12．Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself____________．［MET91］A．hearB．tohearC．hearingD．heard【简析】makeoneselfheard为固定结构，意为“使自己的声音被别人听到”，再如makeoneselfotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nunderstood表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”，故答案为D。13．-Goodmorning．CanIhelpyou？-I'dliketohavethispackage__________，madam．［MET89］A．beweighedB．tobeweighedC．toweighD．weighed【简析】havesth．done是固定结构，意为“让别人去做某事”或“让某事被别人完成”，该题表示“我想让别人称这个包裹”，因此答案为D，过去分词weighed作thispackage的宾语补足语。2．某些动词（keep,leave,get,find）＋宾语＋过去分词。如：IfIgetfurtherinformation,I’llkeepyouinformed．WhenIcameintotheclassroom,Ifounditcleared．3．介词with＋宾语＋过去分词。如：Thechildwascryingwiththeglassbroken．Withalltheworkfinished,theyhurriedbackhomeforlunch．14．Themurdererwasbroughtin，withhishands____________behindhisback．［MET90］A．beingtiedB．havingtiedC．tobetiedD．tied【简析】在with复合结构中，hands与tie之间含有被动关系，因此首先排除B，另外此处tied不但表示被动，还可以表示完成，因此A、C又可排除，故答案为D。15．ThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldlikeotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\ntosee____________thenextyear．［NMET2000］A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout【简析】该题句式结构较为复杂，首先，先行词theplan后跟一个由that引导的定语从句；在定语从句中，关系代词that替代theplan，又充当动词see的宾语，因此该空处于宾语补足语的位置；另外，theplan与carryout之间是动宾关系，故答案为C，构成seesth．done结构。五、过去分词作独立成分16．____________thegeneralstateofhishealth，itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation．［NMET2000春季高考］A．GivenB．TogiveC．GivingD．Havinggiven【简析】此题答案为A。此处given是介词，意为“假设，如果，考虑到”，句意为“鉴于他的健康状况，手术后康复还需要一段时间”。另外，given作为这一含义时，还可作连词，后接从句。Itseemedbad-temperedtosendhimaway，giventhatheonlywantedtotakephotographs．六、情感动词的分词用法otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n形容词化的分词一直备受高考的关注，尤其是表心理情感的动词用V-ing形式，还是用V-ed形式，历年都考，其用法请见下表：V-ing作定语和表语，形式为sth.+V-ing\V-ing+n.使\令人感到......V-ed作定语和表语，形式为sb.+V-ed\V-ed+n.某人感到......注：1表示心理情感的动词在教材中多次出现。如satisfy，please，move，delight，inspire，touch，disappoint，discourage，tire，frighten，excite，interest，surprise等都可以加上适当的分词形式来表示不同的意义。一般来说，V-ing形式有主动意义，是指事物影响到人；V-ed形式有被动意义，是指受了某事物的影响。如：excitedchildren高兴的孩子们excitingnews令人高兴的消息2有时过去分词也可以修饰事物，特别是与人有关的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等时，要用V-ed形式。如：excitedtears激动的泪水disappointedexpression失望的神情用括号中动词的适当形式填空：1．Thestorywasso_____thatnearlyeverybodywas_____totears．（move）2．Weare_____inthenovelwhichisvery_____．（interest）3．Iam_____abouttheresult．Ihaveneverspentamore_____day．（worry）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n4．Wewereall_____outwhenwegottothetopofthehill．Weneverthoughttheclimbwasso_____．（tire）5．Hiskindwordswerevery_____．Thoughwehadlostthematch，wewere_____andweredeterminedtotrainharder．（encourage）6．Thereisa_____expressiononhisfaceandIam_____whattodo．（puzzle）7．Tenyearslater，Motheranddaughtermetagain，_____tearscameintotheireyes．（excite）8．Greatly_____byhiswords，theboywentuptohisteacher，andsaid“sorry”．（touch）9．Hewasso_____atseeingatigerthathestoodstill．（terrify）10．Iamnot_____witheitherofthetwopictures．（satisfy）参考答案：1．moving；moved2．interested；interesting3．worried；worrying4．tired；tiring5．encouraging；encouraged6．puzzled；puzzled7．excited8．touched9．terrified10．satisfied分词专练otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．Hetoldmeaboutthethings＿＿＿atthemeeting．A．todiscussB．beingdiscussedC．discussedD．bediscussed2．Ametal＿＿＿uraniumgivesoffakindofradiation．A．callingB．calledC．iscalledD．whichcalled3．Thewaterinthisglassistoohot．Iprefersomecold＿＿＿water．A．toboilB．havingboiledC．boiledD．boiling4．Theproblemjust＿＿＿isanimportantone．A．tobereferredtoB．referredtoC．referringtoD．referred5．Thestorywasso＿＿＿thatallofuswere＿＿＿totears．A．moving;movingB．moved;movedC．moved;movingD．moving;moved6．WhenIenteredthetheatre,Isawhim＿＿＿inthefirstrow．A．sitdownB．satC．seatedD．seating7．Ifoundmydaughterquite＿＿＿indrawing．A．interestedB．interestC．interestingD．tootherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\ninterest8．Hehadhisleg＿＿＿inthefootballmatchyesterday．A．tobreakB．brokenC．breakD．breaking9．Ifyouhaveabookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair＿＿＿againstyourface．A．movingB．movedC．bemovedD．tomove10．Withthejob＿＿＿,theywenttothecinema．A．doingB．doC．todoD．done11．Withtheboy＿＿＿theway,thesoldiersmanagedtowalkthroughtheforest．A．toleadB．ledC．leadingD．tobeleading12．BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword＿＿＿．A．speakingB．speakC．spokenD．tospeak13．Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyesonthescreen．A．fixedB．tofixC．tobefixedD．fixing14．Thecaptainplacedtheflagovertheboy,leavingonlyhisface＿＿＿。A．uncoverB．uncoveringC．tobeuncoveredD．uncoveredotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n15．Shewasverygladtoseeherchildwell＿＿＿．A．takecareofB．takencareofC．totakecareofD．takingcareof从高考题看过去分词的句法功能答案情感动词的分词用法答案：1．moving；moved2．interested；interesting3．worried；worrying4．tired；tiring5．encouraging；encouraged6．puzzled；puzzled7．excited8．touched9．terrified10．satisfiedKey:1-5CBCBD6-10CABAD11-15CCADB16-20DBABC1talesoftheunexplained不能解释的传说2bepuzzledat对…感到迷惑的3stepup加快4stepin干预5takestepstodo采取行动做6searchfor搜寻7insearchof搜寻8dueto由于9beduetosb应该给某人的10beduetodo将要做otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n11showup出现12showoff炫耀13loseone’ssight失明14thesightingofUFO目睹不明飞行物15insight在视野内16alienculture外国文化17awitnessoftheaccident事故的目击者18awitnesstoone’shonesty某人诚实的见证19accordingto根据20doresearchon在…上做研究21research(into)sth/sb研究某物/人22befrightenedof/todo害怕某物/做23ruleoutthepossibilityof排除…的可能性24thereisnopossibilityof/that没有…的可能性25itispossiblethat…是可能的26lookintothecase调查这个案子27lookforwardtosth/doing期望某事/做29lookoutfor小心某物30makeoneselfup打扮自己31bemadeupof由…组成32makeupforthelosttime弥补失去的时间33makeout理解otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n34makeadifference产生区别35incase以防万一36inthecaseof就…而言37innocase决不38convincesbofsth使某人相信某物39convincesbtodo说服某人做40makegreatprogress取得巨大进步41inprogress在进行中42bedisappointedin/withsbat/aboutsth对某人某事感到失望的43toone’disappointment令人失望的是44besimilartosthin在…方面与…相似45bethesameas与…相同46shouldertoshoulderwithsb与某人肩并肩(并肩作战)47fallonone’shoulder落在某人肩上48recoverone’sstrength恢复某人的体力49ina…state处于…的状态50insupportof支持…51comeintoexistence产生,出现52beinexistence存在otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n53everyinch到处54solveamystery解开这个谜55fullofmysteriesunsolvedbyscience充满了科学所不能破解的谜56sunkenship沉船57runintoaYeti偶然遇见一个野人58someday将来某一天59believeinunexplainedthings相信不能解释的事60happentoordinarypeople发生在普通人身上61stepuptheirsearchforamissingboy加快对失踪男孩的寻找62gomissing=belost\失踪,丢失63showinterestinone’sdisappearance对某人的消失显示出兴趣\64sightingsofpuzzlinglights目睹令人奇怪的光65reportsofalienvisits对外星人访问的报道66atfirst一开始otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n67stayoutlate呆在外面到很晚68showupatfamilylunch在家庭午餐时出现69onFridaynight在周五晚上60getreadyforbed准备睡觉61gostraighttosp径直走向某地62putonone’sfavoriteCD打开某人最喜欢的CD63accordingto根据64pullbackthecurtain拉开窗帘65whiteskinned,strange-lookingcreatures白皮肤，怪模怪样的人66takeaway拿走67getfrightened感到害怕的68lookintootherpossibilities调查其他的可能性otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n69makeupsuchamazingstories编造如此令人惊讶的故事70takechargeofthecase接管这一案子71findconvincingevidence找到令人信服的证据72carryoutspaceexploration开展太空探索73thelaunchoftheartificialsatellite人造卫星的发射74launchunmannedspaceshipsintospace把无人驾驶的太空飞船发射到太空75orbittheearth绕轨道运行76thefirsthumanbeingtotakeawalkinspace第一个在太空中行走的人77takephotos拍照78collectsamples采集样品79sofar至今为止80dreamofbecominganastronaut梦想成为一名宇航员81cometrue成为现实otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n82separate(sth)withsth把。。。与,,,分开83fallintothesea掉入大海84dotheresearchinabase在一个基地上作研究85takeaspacewalk在太空行走86takeoffspacesuits脱掉太空服87providesbwithsth提供某人某物88providesthto/forsb提供某物给某人89offersbsth/offersthtosb90conductasurvey开展一次调查91askonepieceofinformationatatime一次问一条信息92makesure确保93pointout指出94inreturn作为回报95taketurnstodo=sosthbyturns轮流做96reportdoing报告做某事97callitaYeti称它为野人98reportedsightings被报道的目击99besaidtobe\据说100beheavilybuilt体格健壮的101attackvillagers袭击村民otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n102thickblackfur浓厚的黑毛103runafter追赶104runwithamazingspeedandstrength用令人惊讶的速度和力量奔跑105hardevidencesupportingtheexistenceofYeti支持野人存在的确凿证据106couldhavebeenmadebypeopleplayingajoke可能是由开玩笑的人编造的107becomeconvinced确信108makeitswaytosp走到….109liveon继续生存110havethechancetoseesthwithone’sowneyes有机会亲眼看…句子1警察已加快了对一个两天前失踪的15岁男孩的搜寻Thepolicehave____________theirsearchfora___________________boywho__________twodaysago2人们对他的消失显示出很大兴趣Peoplehave__________________________inhisdisappearanceotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n3我拉开窗帘,看见一个巨大的太空飞船在外面飞行I________thecurtainsandsawalargespaceship_______outside.站在里面的是许多白皮肤,怪模怪样的人________________werelotsof________________creatures.4警察排除了Justin被外星人带走的可能性,但是同样调查其他的可能性Thepolicehavenot______________________________thatJustinwastakenawaybyaliens,butarealso____________________________________5我们不会放弃直到我们找到有力的证据Wewillnot__________untilwefind________________________6我们生活的时代充满了不能被今天先进的科学技术所破解的迷团Theworld____________is______________unsolvedevenbytoday’sadvancedscienceandtechnology7当工程师们追赶野人时，野人却以惊人的速度和体力奔跑起来Theengineer______thecreature,whichranwith_____________and________otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n8在中国大部分高速公路上,轿车的时速一般不得高于120公里InmosthighwaysinChina,carsshouldrun__________________nomorethan120kilometersperhour.9人们报告说在喜马拉雅山看见了野生的像人一样的动物.Peoplehave________________awild____________intheHimalayas.10平均起来,这些脚印长14到18英寸,宽5到9英寸,且比人类的脚印大得多.______________,thesefootprintsare14to18________,5to9_________andmuchlargerthan_______ofahuman.11他们发现,日晒常常会导致雪地上的脚印变大Theyhavefoundthatthesunoften_______footprintsonthesnow___________________12他说,大约300万年前这种动物可能生活在亚洲Hesaysthatthiscreature________liveinAsia_________3000000yearsago13警方发现Justin星期五晚上11点左右肯定回过家.ThepolicefoundthatJustin____infactreturnhome__________________________atabout11p.m14otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n我记得在看完头两页之后就把书收起来了,可是现在书不见了.IrememberI_____thebook________afterreadingthefirst2pages,butnowithas_______________.15邻居们报告说看到他身穿一件黑色大衣离开了房子Theneighbors______________him________thehouse________________________16如果野人的确存在,我们可能有机会亲眼看到它们IfYetiesreally_____,wemight_______________________toseeone______________________________17野人据说是体格健壮的而且多毛的Yetis______________tobe_______________and_________18脚印是支持野人存在的少数几个确凿的证据之一.Footprintsareoneofthefew__________________evidence_________the__________ofYeti.高一英语语法复习必修二Unit1和unit5。非限制定语从句和定语从句otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。A．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。Whatwasthenameofthemanwholentyouthemoney借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词theman）Hewholaughslstlaughsbest.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）Thechairmanofthemeeting,whospokefirst,satonmyright.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词thechairman）B．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。Therearesomepeople(whomwho)welikeandothers(whomwho)wedislike.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people,others）ThepeoplewhomwhoIworkwithareallfriendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词thepeople）MrCarter,whomIspoketoonthephonelastnight,isveryinterestedinorplan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom）Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who）C．whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucannevrforget.有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）D．whichotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。Englishisalanguagewhichiseasytolearn.英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）Thisisafolksongwhichisnowverypopular.这是目前非常流行的一首民谣（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）TheriverwhichflowsthroughLondonistheThames.流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）Thechildrenlikecookies(which)mywifemakes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于andthis。Jimpassedhisdrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是thedrivingtest）Sheilacouldn'tcometotheparty,whichwasapity.希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是theparty）3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nJohnstayedhereforaweek,dringwhichtimewevisitedtheWestLaketogether.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。Itmightsnowthisweekend,inwhichcasewewon'tgotoBeijing.周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。E．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。Heisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词theman，作主语）Idon'tlikestoriesthathaveunhappyendings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语）Thedress(that)Annboughtdoesn'tfitherverywell.安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词thedress，that作宾语可省略）Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词anything，that作宾语，可省略）提示：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n在口语中，that有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when或介词+which结构。Welefttheday(that)hearrived.他来的那一天，我们就走了。（that替when）Hedoesn'tseethingstheway(that)weseethem.他看问题的方法和我们不一样。（that代替inwhich）Imaginethespeed(that)hedriveshiscar!很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that代替atwhich）F．其他关系代词as和but也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。1．asas可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。①在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由suc,so,thesame修饰的先行词之后。Suchmenasheardhimweredeeplymoved.听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作heard的主语）I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语）Heliftedsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecanlift.他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）比较：在thesameas结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，theotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nsameas强调相同，thesamethat注重同一。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that指的是与先行词同一事物）②在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。Aseveryoneknows,TaiwanbelongstoChina.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。Heisfromtheouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。必背：一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。asisknowntoall这是众所周知的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说asisoftenthecase情况常常如此asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生2．butotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nbut作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意思的主句连用，相当于thatnot,whonot或whichnot。Thereisnotasinglestudentinmyclassbutwouldliketostudymore.我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。（but=whonot）Thereareveryfewbutareagainstwar很少人不反对战争。（but=whonot）G．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。1.介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom,which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that,who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。Heisamanofrichexperience,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.=Heisamanofrichexperience,whommuchcanbelearnedfrom.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。Theschoolinwhichheonceworkedisakeyschool.=Theschool(whichthat)heonceworkedinisakeyschool.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.=ThemanagerwhosecompanyI'mworkinginpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2．介词+关系代词的常见结构①介词+whichwhomThisisthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。Fortunatelywehadamap,withoutwhichwewouldhavegotlost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。②名词+of+whichwhomPleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whosecover）③数词+o+whichwhomShe'sgotthreeluckypens,twoofwhichsheneveruses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。Inourschoolthereareabout200teachers,thirtypercentofwhomarewomen.我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是女教师。④代词+of+whichwhomInthebasketIfindmanyapples,someowhichhavegonebad.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。Normanwon$50,000,halfofwhichhegavetohisparents.诺曼赢得五万美元，他将其中一半给了他父母。Tomtriedonthreeshirt,noneofwhichhewassatisfiedwith.汤姆试穿了三件衬衫，都不满意。⑤最高级+of+whichwhomChinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。⑥介词+which+名词Heusuallyreturnshomeatten,atwhichhourhisfatherlocksallthedoorsadwindows.他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。Hiswifegotseriouslyill,inwhichcasehehadtogiveupthechanceofgoingabroad.他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。3．关系代词前介词的选择在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。①根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltprudwereJim'swatchandDella'shair.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。（feelproudof是固定搭配词组）Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turntosb.forhelp是固定搭配词组）②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。I'llneverforgettheayonwhichIfirstmethim.我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(theday前面一般用介词on)Canyouimagineapropersituationinwhichtheexpressioncanbeused你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(asituation前面一般用in)③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。Galileomadeatelescopethroughwhichhecouldtudythesky.伽里略制作了一个望远镜，通过它他得以研究天空。(studytheskythroughthetelescope)Isthatthehouseinwhichyouoncelived那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(liveinthehouse)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n④根据所要表达的意思来确定。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoallthatIcantohelpyou.我是你的好朋友，我会尽我一切所能来帮你。Thefamily,whoarefondofmusic,gototheconcertonceamonth.这家人很爱音乐，他们每月都去听一次音乐会。HeisoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeakEnglishwell.他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。（oneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeaksEnglishwell.他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。（the(only)onetheveryonetherightoneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）二、关系副引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where或why等。when,where,why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nA．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when=onwhich)Hecameatatimewhenweneededhimmost.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when=atwhich)Wewillneverforgettheyear1949,whenthPeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when=inwhich)B．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where=inwhich)Iwouldliketoliveinacountrywherethereispletyofsunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where=inwhich)What'sthenameoftheplacewhereyouspentyourholiday你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where=atwhich)C．why指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。(why=forwhich)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nTereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。注意:无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。【误】ThisisthebookthatIborrowedityesterday.【正】ThisisthebookthatIborrowedyesterday.这就是我昨天借的书。（that在定语从句中取代了先行词thebook，作borowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it）【误】TheEnglishCorneristheplacewherepeopleoftengotheretopractisetheirspokenEnglish.【正】TheEnglishCorneristheplacewherepeopleoftengotopractisetheirspokenEnglish.英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。（where在定语从句中取代了先行词thepace，作go的状语，因此，要去掉there）三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。A．限制性定语从句otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。Thisistheboywhobrokethewindow.这就是打破窗子的孩子。（theboy是先行词，whobroketheindow是限制性定语从句，明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子）IhaveabookwhichteachesEnglishgrammar.我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（abook是先行词，whichteachesEnglishgrammar是限制性定语从句，修饰thebook）ThepeoplewhomyoumetinthehallarefromJapan.你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whomyoumetinthehall定先行词thepeople）B．非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。I,whoamyourfriend,willsharetheworkwithyou.我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，whoamyourfriend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）NewConceptEnglishisintendedforfoeignstudents,whichisknowntousall.新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（whichisknowntousotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nall是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isafixedstar.太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。LastyearIvistedthePeople'sGreatHall,wheremanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。TaiwanbelongstoChina,aseveryoneknows.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。Theweatherwasveryterrible,whichwehadn'texpected.天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。Mr.JoelivesinBeijingnow,whichisquitealongwayfromhere.乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。Icongratulatemyneighbour,whosesonhasjustwontheelection.我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。四、关系代词和关系副词的选用otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。A．只用who在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替who。1．在非限制定语从句中。Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。2．先行词是one,anyone,those时。Onewhohasnothingtofearforhiselfdarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepublished.任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhandsplease.凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。3．在thereherebe开头的句子中。Hereisaboywhowantstoseeyou.有个男孩想见你。4．先词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时。Don'ttellanyoneaboutthesecretwhooughtn'ttoknow.不要把这秘密告诉任何一个不该知道它的人。Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。B．只用whichwhomotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替whichwhom。1．在非限制性定语从句中。Theweatherwasveryterrible,hichwehadn'texpected.天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。2．介词后面。关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。Heclimbeduptothetopofalargerock,fromwhichhegotagoodview.他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用fromwhere）Soundisatool,bymeansofwhichpeoplecommuncatewitheachother.声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。Theyaskedmealotofquestions,mostofwhichIcouldn'tanswer.他们问了我许多问题，大部分我都不会回答。C．只用that在下列情况下，限制性定语从句中一般只用that引导1．当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little等词时，或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.他所说的一切都是真的。Heisdeadandthere'snothingthatcanbedone.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n他死了，再也没有什么办法了。Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.我们没有什么能帮助她的。Thesewallsareallthatremainoftheancintcity.这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。提示：something后面可用which引导定语从句。Thereissomething(whichthat)I'dliketotellyou.有些事我想告诉你。2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thefirstplace(that)theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。Shewasprobablythehardestworkingstudent(that)Ihaveevertaught.她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。3．当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.这正是我要买的语法书。Beautyistheonlything(that)Emilycanbeproudof.美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。4．当先行词为who或前面有who,which等疑问代词时。WhothathascommonsensewillbelieveuchnonsenseotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate站在门口的那个人是谁？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost哪件T恤衫最合我的身？提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1.连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。IgaveherallthemoneythatIhad.我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that连接先特词money和定语从句Ihad）2.替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。Themanwholivesnestdoorisafamousteacher.住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who替代theman）3.成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。IlikepicrureswhicharepaintedinthetraditionalChinesestyle.我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）5．当先行词为人与事物或动物时。Thedriverandhiscarthatfellintotheriverhavenotyetbeendiscovered.掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。Theboyandhisdogthatwerebelievedtobelostinthewoodwererescuedthismorning.被认为otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。6．先行词在定语从句中做表语时。Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl(that)sheusedtobe.Unit2.~4被动语态（被动语态全复习）高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式 1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时 例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone现在完成时 例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart. 3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时 例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere． 4）was/weredone一般过去时 例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer. 5）hadbeendone过去完成时 例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nbeencompletedinBeijing. 6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时 例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere. 7）shall/willbedone一般将来时 例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses. 8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时 例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived. 9）shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用） 例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly. 10）should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用） 例Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon. 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter. 2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为HewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nbirthday. 3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette. 4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding. 5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday. 3.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。 例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic. 二、如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省byotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n短语)。 例Mybikewasstolenlastnight. 2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer. 3.为了更好地安排句子。 例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了） 三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有： Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。 例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.） 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例ThiskindofclothwashesotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nwell. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病） Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因） 2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable. 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。 2．otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．） 3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。) 试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。) 4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）. 5．在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy. 6.在thereotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nbe…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。 例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losttime不明确。） 7.在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire? 六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。 1.“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治疗中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在讨论中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。 例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed). 2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyondbelief(令人难以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭长莫及），beyondone’scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope．我们的成功始料不及。 例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）． 3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、高于……”。 例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=HishonestotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\ncharactercannotbepraisedenough． 4．“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。 例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold). 5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在视野范围内)，等。 例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted) 6．“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受审）。 例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed). 7．“outof+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外“，常见的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出视线之外），outofone’sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。 例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。 8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。 例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'sotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\npermission． 七、被动语态与系表结构的区别 当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下： 1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。 例Theglassisbroken．（系表结构） Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被动语态） 2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。 例Thedoorislocked．（系表结构） Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被动语态） 3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。 例Themachineisbeingrepaired． 八、被动语态与高考试题赏析 1．高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析 1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993) A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served 解析B因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002) A.killedB.iskilled C.waskilledD.waskilling 解析CotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nTed是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 3).----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse? ----Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainting C.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting 解析A“house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。 4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.（上海春2003） A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided 解析Ddecide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。 5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.（上海春2001） A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked 解析B句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在enteredtheotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\noffice这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。 2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。 1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002) A.toseeB.tobeseen C.seeingD.seen 解析B根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。 2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.（上海1996） A.topersuadedB.persuading C.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded 解析Ccan’thelpdoing“禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。 3）.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.（上海2002） A.istoblameB.isgoingtootherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nblame C.istobeblamedD.shouldblame 解析Afeel的宾语从句为强调句型，在betodo结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如toblame，tolet等。高一英语阅读理解专讲专练二略读略读(skimming)是利用较短的时间粗略地阅读全文的阅读策略，其主要目的是迅速抓住文章的主旨大意或作者的写作意图。这是一种高效的、有选择性的、有针对性的阅读技巧。掌握略读这一技巧的关键就在于学会在阅读过程中区别文章的重要部分和非重要部分，全局部分和枝节部分。一些次要信息要大胆略去不读，迅速找出概括全段大意的句子。在运用这一方法阅读文章时，要特别注意：①文章的标题；②文章的首句或引导性段落；③文章尾部的结论性词语；④反映段落中心思想的主题句。如果我们找到了每段的主题句，再将这些主题句集中在一起，就差不多能够把握住全文的中心内容了。PassageA阅读理解otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nWhatdoyouthinkofBritishpeopleandAmericanpeople?Youmightthinkthattherearenodifferencesbetweenthepeopleinthetwocountries.Afteralltheyspeakthesamelanguage,don'tthey?ButifyouaskaBritishoranAmericanperson,thedifferencesarequitegreat.WhatdoBritishpeoplethinkAmericansarelike?TheBritishthinkAmericansareverystrange.Theymakealotofnoiseandtheylaughtooloudly.Theyarerich,andtheyonlythinkaboutmoney.ButtheBritishdosaythatAmericansarekind,friendlypeople.①Theyarehappytohelpyouifyouareintrouble.WhatdoAmericansthinkoftheBritish?Well,theythinktheBritisharecoldandveryunfriendly.Theyarenotinterestedinsuccessorinmakinglotsofmoney.TheythinkBritainisthebestcountryintheworld.Theylookdownuponothercountries.ButAmericanssaythattheBritisharequitegoodworkers.Theyarebraveandhonest.Andintimeoftroubletheyfacedifficultieshappily.YoucanseethattheseideascancausemisunderstandingbetweentheBritishandAmericans.②ButwhenAmericanandBritishpeoplebecomefriends,theyusuallyfindthingsarenotasbadastheyexpected.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.WhatdoyouthinkofthedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanpeople?A.Theirdifferencesareverysmall.B.Thedifferencesareverygreat.C.Therearenodifferencesbetweenthem.D.Somepeoplethinkthereare,butsomepeopledontthinkso.2.WhatdotheBritishthinkAmericansarelike?A.Theyarestrangebutfriendly.B.Theyarepoor.C.Theyarerichbutunfriendly.D.Theyarehappyintrouble.3.TheAmericanandBritishpeopleusuallygetalongquitewell____.A.whenmisunderstandingiscausedbetweenthemB.oncetheybecomefriendsC.aftertheyfightD.whentheyhelpeachother难句注释①ButtheBritishdosaythatAmericansarekind,friendlypeople.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n但是英国人的确认为美国人是可亲的、友善的。do在句中是为了表示强调。Totalwords:208Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②YoucanseethattheseideascancausemisunderstandingbetweentheBritishandAmericans.你会发现这些想法可能会在英国人和美国人之间引起误解。PassageB阅读理解SomeBritishandAmericanpeopleliketoinvitefriendsforamealathome.Butyoushouldnotbeupset(难受的)ifyourEnglishfriendsdon'tinviteyouhome.Itdoesn'tmeantheydon'tlikeyou!Dinnerpartiesusuallystartbetween7and8p.m.,andendatabout11.Askyourhostswhattimeyoushouldarrive.It'spolitetobringflowers,chocolatesorabottleofwineasagift.Usuallytheeveningstartswithdrinksandsnacks(小吃).①Doyouwanttobemorepolite?Sayhowmuchyouliketheroom,orthepictureonthewall.Butremember—itsnotpolitetoaskhowmuchthingscost.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nInmanyfamilies,thehusbandsitsatoneendofthetableandthewifesitsattheotherend.Theyeatwiththeirguests.You'llprobablystartthemealwithsouporsomethingsmall,thenyou'llhavemeatorfishwithvegetables,andthendessert,followedbycoffee.It'spolitetofinisheverythingonyourplateandtotakemoreifyouwantit.②Didyouenjoytheevening?Callyourhoststhenextday,orwritethemashortthankyouletter.BritishandAmericanpeopleliketosay“Thankyou,thankyou,thankyou.”allthetime!根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.Ifyouaregoingtoattendadinnerparty,____.A.youdbetterbringacertainpresentwithyouB.youmustleavehomeforitat7p.m.C.youshouldaskyourhostwhenyoushouldleaveD.youmustarriveatitbefore8p.m.2.Inwhichorderwillyoueatordrinkthefollowingthingsatthemeal?A.Snacks,vegetables,meatandcoffee.B.Coffee,drinks,soup,fish,vegetablesanddessert.C.Soup,meatwithvegetables,dessertandcoffee.D.Drinks,soup,somethingsmall,fishandvegetables.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n3.Whichisthecorrectwayinwhichyouexpressyourenjoymentoftheevening?A.Beforeleavingforhome,youshouldsay,“Thankyouforinvitingme.”B.Whenyoushakehandswithyourhost,youshouldsay,“Ididenjoytheevening.”C.Youcanwriteathankyoulettertoyourhostafterthat.D.Youshouldfinisheverythingonyourplateandtakemoreifyouwantit.难句注释①Usuallytheeveningstartswithdrinksandsnacks.通常晚宴都是以一些饮料和小吃开始的。Totalwords:213Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②Itspolitetofinisheverythingonyourplateandtotakemoreifyouwantit.礼貌的做法是吃完你盘里的所有食物，如果还想吃的话再添一些。句首的it是形式主语。PassageC阅读理解otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nIfyouasksomepeople,“HowdidyoulearnEnglishsowell?”youmaygetasurprisinganswer:“Inmysleep!”Thesearepeoplewhohavetakenpartinoneoftherecentexperiments(实验)totestthelearnwhileyousleepmethod(方法),whichisnowbeingtriedinseveralcountries,andwithseveralsubjects.Englishisamongthem.Scientistssaythatthissleepstudymethodgreatlyspeedslanguagelearning.Theysaythattheordinarypersoncanlearntwoorthreetimesasmuchduringsleepasinthesameperiodduringtheday—andthisdoesnotaffect(影响)hisrestinanyway.However,sleepteachingwillonlyputintoyourheadwhatyouhavestudiedalreadywhileyouareawake.①Inoneexperiment,tenlessonswerebroadcastovertheradiofortwoweeks.Eachlessonlastedtwelvehours—from8p.m.to8a.m.ThefirstthreehoursofEnglishgrammarandvocabulary(词汇)weregivenwiththestudentsawake.At11p.m.alullaby(催眠曲)wasbroadcasttosendthestudenttosleepandforthenextthreehourstheradioinasoftandlowvoicebroadcastthelessonagainintohissleepingears.At2a.m.asharpnoisewassentovertheradiotowakethesleepingstudentupforafewminutestogooverthelesson.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nThesoftmusicsenthimbacktorestagainwhiletheradiowenton.②At5oclockhissleependedandhehadtogothroughthelessonagainforthreehoursbeforebreakfast.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.Bythelearnwhileyousleepmethod,one____.A.startstolearnanewlessoninsleepB.learnshowtosleepbetterC.ismadetorememberhislessoninsleepD.canlistentotheradiobroadcastwhilelyinginbed2.Intheexperiment,lessonsweregiven____.A.inthenighttimeB.afterlullabieswerebroadcastC.whilethestudentwasawakeD.allthroughthetwelvehours3.Beforeeachlessonfinishes,thestudenthasto____.A.getupandtakebreakfastB.bewokenupbyaloudvoiceC.listentothelessonagaininsleepD.review(复习)thelessonbyhimself4.Thesleepstudymethodisbeingtriedinmanycountriestoteach____.A.theEnglishlanguageotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nB.grammarandvocabularyC.anumberofsubjectsD.foreignlanguages难句注释①However,sleepteachingwillonlyputintoyourheadwhatyouhavestudiedalreadywhileyouareawake.然而，睡眠教学法只会使你记住清醒时已学过的东西。Totalwords:260Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②Thesoftmusicsenthimbacktorestagainwhiletheradiowenton.轻音乐又一次使他入眠而收音机在继续播放。PassageD完形填空ManypeoplewhoworkinLondonwanttoliveoutsideitandtogototheiroffices,factoriesorschoolseverydaybytrain,carorbus,eventhoughthis1theyhavetogetupearlierinthemorningandreach2laterintheevening.①Onebenefit(好处)oflivingoutsideLondonisthathousesare3.Evenasmallflat(公寓)inLondonwithoutagardencostsquitealot4.Withthesamemoney,onecangetalittleotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\nhouseinthecountrywithagardenof5own.Then,inthecountryonecanbe6fromthenoiseandhurryofthetown.7onehastogetupearlierandspendmoretimeintrainsorbuses,onecansleep8atnight,and,duringweekendsand9summerevenings,onecanenjoythe10cleanairofthecountry.Ifone11gardens,onecanspendone's12timedigging,planting,wateringanddoingthehundredandoneotherjobswhichare13inthegarden.②Then,whentheflowersandvegetables14,onehasthereward(回报)ofapersonwhohassharedthesecretsof15.Somepeople,however,takenointerestincountrythings;③forthem,16liesinthetown,withitscinemasandtheatres,beautifulshopsandbusystreets,dancehallsandrestaurants.Suchpeoplewould17thattheirlifewasnotworth18iftheyhadtoliveitoutsideLondon.Awalkinoneoftheparksandavisit19theseaeverysummerisallthecountrythey20.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.A.showsB.expressesC.meansD.needs2.A.homeB.familyC.flatD.house3.A.cleanerB.nicerC.biggerD.cheaper4.A.moneyB.tolendC.toborrowD.tohireotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n5.A.himB.itsC.onesD.their6.A.freeB.farC.outD.absent7.A.IfB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.After8.A.littleB.lessC.longerD.better9.A.onB.forC.atD.by10.A.coldB.warmC.freshD.pleasant11.A.prefersB.likesC.wantsD.interests12.A.dayB.restC.spareD.whole13.A.madeB.broughtC.carriedD.needed14.A.comeonB.cometoC.comeupD.comeover15.A.workB.societyC.scienceD.nature16.A.healthB.happinessC.wealthD.future17.A.knowB.feelC.understandD.hope18.A.wastingB.findingC.livingD.spending19.A.forB.toC.ofD.at20.A.hopeB.wishC.askD.want难句注释①ManypeoplewhoworkinLondonwanttoliveoutsideit...,eventhoughthismeanstheyhavetogetupearlierinthemorningandreachhomelaterintheevening.很多在伦敦市区工作的人想住郊外……，尽管这意味着他们不得不早出晚归。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n②...doingthehundredandoneotherjobswhichareneededinthegarden.……做花园里需要干的其他许多活。③Somepeople,however,takenointerestincountrythings.然而，一些人对乡下的事物却不感兴趣。PassageA本文讲述了英美两国人对彼此的看法。1B.根据第一段最后一句可知差异是相当大的。2A.第二段提出英国人认为美国人是奇怪而友好的。3B.依据是全文最后一句话。PassageB本文主要介绍了应邀参加英美人举办的家庭晚宴需注意的一些礼节。1.A.由第二段“Itspolitetobring...asagift.”得知。2.C.按第三、五两段中提出的进餐顺序可选出答案。3.C.四个选项中只有C符合文末提出的感谢宴请的方式。PassageC本文介绍了一种通过睡眠来学习外语的新方法。1.C.据第三段最后一句可知。2.A.据第四段可知，收音机授课是从晚上八点到早晨八点。3.C.据第四段第四句“...theradio...broadcastthelessonagainintohissleepingears”可推知。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n4.C.据第二段可知这种方法正在好几门功课中进行尝试。PassageD许多人乐意住在伦敦的郊区。本文对比了住在市中心和郊区的一些利弊。1.C.住在郊外就意味着早晨早起去上班。2.A.到家用reachhome，其他词需用the。3.D.从下文看，郊外的房屋便宜。4.D.房子不是借而是租用。5.C.与句子主语一致，ofonesown意为“属于自己的”。6.B.意为“远离……”。7.B.根据下文应是转折让步关系。8.D.从上文“...farfromthenoiseandhurryofthetown.”可看出，睡得好。9.A.具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上，要用on。10.C.乡下的空气清新、无污染。11.B.喜欢花园才会有下文的种花。12.C.sparetime意为“空闲时间”。13.D.前面列举的“...digging...thehundredandoneotherjobs.”都是花园里所需要干的活。14.C.comeup意为“长出来”。15.D.在花园中养花、种花，涉及的是大自然的奥秘。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n16.B.在城市中才有快乐。liein...意为“在于……”。17.B.此处强调的是“感受”。18.C.beworthdoing意为“值得做……”。livea...life意为“过着……的生活”。19.B.avisittosomeplace意为“去某地游览”。20.D.不可以说hope,wish或asksth.。1.Usuallytheeveningstartswithdrinksandsnacks.通常晚宴都是以饮料和小吃开始的。(Line7,PassageB)“以……开始”可用startwith...或beginwith...来表达；“以……结束”可用end(up)with...或closewith...来表达。如：Atthedinnerweusuallybeginwithsoupandendupwithfruit.在宴会上，开始的一道菜通常是汤，最后的一道是水果。Inaword,thelongMarchended(up)withvictoryforusanddefeatfortheenemy.总而言之，长征以我们的胜利，敌人的失败而告终。2.Withthesamemoney,onecangetalittlehouseinthecountrywithagardenofone'sown.用同样的钱，一个人可以在乡下买到一幢有属于自己的花园的小屋子。(Line5,PassageD)ofone'sown意为“属于自己的”。Hedlikeacarofhisown.他想有辆属于自己的汽车。onone'sown意为“独自地；单独地”。Shelivesonherown.她独自过日子。withone'sownotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\neyes意为“亲眼”。Isawitwithmyowneyes.那是我亲眼所见。onone'sowntime意为“用自己的课余时间”。Ifyouwanttoplayfootball,youllhavetodoitonyourowntime.如果你想踢足球，你只能用课余时间去踢。高一英语Unit1Friendship——Reading说课稿一、教学内容分析（一）知识背景及新课标、新教材1、本单元围绕友谊这一话题开展听、说、读、写多种教学活动在本单元中涉及到的话题有：人们为什么要交朋友，如何交朋友，怎样处理朋友的关系，生活在二战时期的安妮是如何渴望朋友，如何与朋友相处的等。2、Reading部分承载着整个单元中最重要的语言和文化信息，也是教师在整个教学过程中需要重点处理的部分。本文讲述了犹太女孩安妮为躲避纳粹的迫害而藏身于小阁楼中，并把日记当作自己的朋友，通过写日记来表达自己孤独和郁闷的心情。通过阅读这篇课文，学生不仅要进行阅读技能的训练，学习一些新的词汇和短语的表达方法，还要去阅读过程中学习并欣赏英语语音的美感，感受主人公乐观自信的人生太度，纯洁美丽的心灵。（二）教学目标1、知识技能①学习一些重要的新单词，短语和句式，如goinroughmake+o+n作宾补1、wonderwhether/if一句式等②学会用英语谈论友谊2、能力目标提高学生的阅读能力并学会用一些阅读技能，如guessingkeysentences,skinning,scanningandsoon3、情感目标使学生意识到友谊的重要性，并通过阅读这篇短文学会珍惜友谊（三）教学重点1、培养学生的阅读技能，学会欣赏文学作品2、让学生在语境中学习并掌握文章中的词汇和短语otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n3、提高学生的阅读技能（四）教学难点1、怎样提高阅读技能2、掌握make+o+oc二、教学方法1、任务型教学2、合作学习3、讨论三、具体教学步骤（一）导入（Lead-in）这一步骤的重点在于激发学生的兴趣活动方式：师生互动教师提问：WhatisimportantinyourLife?学生的答案会有moneystudytimehipetc再问：DOyouwanttoknowhewhatimportantinmylife?Listentoasong《朋友》导入的同时引出一句谚语：Afriendinneedisafriendindeed(拓展学生的知识)最后指出今天新学内容是Friendship(二)pre-reading问答形式：1、 Whydoyouneedfriends?2、Whatdoyouthinkagoodfriendshouldbelike?3、Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?4、Haveyoueverconsideredmakingfriendswithanimals,plantsorevenanobject?看阅读文章的标题猜猜安妮的朋友是谁介绍这篇文章的写作背景，二十世纪四十年代纳粹德国统治欧洲大部分地区。德国纳粹政策之一是对犹太人残酷迫害包括杀害：送到集中营强迫劳动，驱逐出欧洲等。——指出当时的历史北京，学生就能自然而然地习得语言。能从时代背景出发思考安妮面临困境，就不难理解安妮当时的心境和为什么将日记视为自己的朋友，从而深刻地领悟安妮日记的内涵。（三）Reading1、Skimming让学生快速浏览课文，把握中心内容2、细读课文，抓住文中的关键信息和段落大意3、带着问题看课文，即完成“理解”部分的练习14、读安妮日记，并进行复述（四）听力与巩固otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n1、Annemadeherdiaryherbestfriendbecauseshewasafraidherfriendswouldlaughather2、Anneandherfamilyhadbeeninhidingplacefortwoyears3、Annethoughtnatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced(五)知识点（languagepoints）1、gothrough2、Makeherdiaryherbestfriend3、Iwonderif/whether4、dowith/dealwith5、itwasthefirsttimethat(六)讨论如果你必须像安妮一样和家人躲个狭小的空间里生活，你会怎么做？——通过讨论更能感受到安妮对自由生活的向往，对大自然的热爱。对友情的渴望，通过反思自身的生存状态，他们会懂得珍惜生命，珍惜生活中美好的点点滴滴，并保持乐观向上的生活态度。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n想学好英语，首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验：喜欢的事，就容易坚持下去；不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的，需要培养。有的同学说：“我一看到英语就头疼，怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢？”还有的同学说：“英语单词我今天记了明天忘，我太笨了，唉，我算没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时，没有掌握正确的学习方法，没有树立必胜的信心，缺乏了克服困难的勇气，丧失了上进的动力，稍遇失败，就会向挫折缴枪，向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科，学了一段时间之后，学习积极性也逐渐降低，自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是，只要在老师的帮助下，认识到学英语的必要性，用正确的态度对待英语学习，用科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动，比如，唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了，懂得多了，就有了兴趣，当然，学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后，就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳，不辞辛苦，付出辛勤的劳动和汗水，一定会取得成功，收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是Nopains,nogains吗。练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件，没有扎实的英语基础，就谈不上继续学习，更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实，必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课，提高课堂效率，脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地，做到以下“五到”：一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神，一刻也不能懈怠，大脑要始终处于积极状态，思维要活跃、思路要开阔，心随老师走，听懂每一句话，抓住每一个环节，理解每一个知识点，多联想、多思考，做到心领神会。二、“手到”。学英语，一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的，人不可能都过目不忘，记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说，“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了，可是过了一段时间，就会忘记，所以，做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的，学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构，都记在笔记本上，甚至是书的空白处或字里行间，这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n三、“耳到”。在课堂上，认真听讲是十分必要的，不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解，而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领，以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点，在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆；理解领会老师提出的问题，以便迅速作答，对比同学对问题的回答，以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时，还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合，印象就会更加深刻。五、“口到”。学习语言，不张嘴不动口是学不好的，同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声，害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课，同学们只是用眼看或默读，这样就只有视觉信息，而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈，当然记忆也不会太深刻，口部肌肉也得不到锻炼，也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以，要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间，大声朗读；课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论，课下对不清楚的问题及时提出，要克服害羞心理，不耻下问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读，可以跟录音机读，竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音，要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口，一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机会，练习英语口语，比如，与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外，还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物，既可增长知识，又开阔了我们的视野，也提高了我们的阅读水平。学英语，词汇的记忆是必不可少的，词汇是学好英语的基础，没有了词汇，也就谈不上句子，更谈不上文章，所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n一是持之以恒：每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇，过几天再回头复习一次，这样周期循环，反复记忆，经常使用，就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是，一旦开始，就要坚持下来，千万不能半途而废，切不可三天打鱼，两天晒网。二是良好的记忆方法：记忆单词的方法很多，学无定法，但学有良法。我认为，张思中的“集中识词，分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总，分门别类，先过单词关，然后再学教材，在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种，同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类；根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆；把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻，记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记40－80个单词，坚持不懈，多联想，多思考，多使用，词汇问题不就解决了吗？在学习的过程中多注视单词的用法和词组的搭配，牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型，这样不仅有助于我们解题，而且在写作时也会信手拈来，运用自如。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand\n把单词记住，了解词性、词义，掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法，背会时态、从句的各种用法，工作只是完成了一半，我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳，光学理论，不下水应用，不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术，但一定量的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习，如课后习题，单元同步练习，这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习，不能好高骛远，光想着一口吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后，有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”，把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来，以备将来查漏补缺，这样对知识的掌握可以达到事半功倍的效果。英语是一种语言，不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就是把它学好了，关键在于使用语言，所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程，然后才是实践过程。学习英语，无论如何，勤奋是不可少的，它是一个日积月累的渐进过程，是没有任何捷径可走的，也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方，急于求成，不做踏实工作，是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力，要踏踏实实、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习，端正态度，认真对待学习中的挫折和失败。失败并不可怕，可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败，冷静分析，认真思考，只要对胜利充满信心，善于总结经验教训，不断努力，不断追求，胜利一定是属于你们的otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand查看更多