高中英语所有从句大全

高中英语所有从句大全

高中英语从句大全1）表语从句　　1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。　　2.构成：关联词+简单句　　3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：　　（1）从属连词that.如：　　ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。　　（2）从属连词whether，as，asif.如：　　Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。　　Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题是他们是否能帮我们。　　注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但asif却可引导表语从句，如：　　Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago，butit’sasifitwasonlyyesterday.　　这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。　　能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如：　　Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。　　（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever　　连接副词where，when，how，why.　　如：Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。　　Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。　　Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。　　解释：　　1.连词because可引导表语从句。如：　　Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想这是因为你做得太多。　　2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。表语从句练习题及答案1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.that     B.if   C.when      D.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.because     B.that      C.for      D.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.where     B.there    C.therewhere    D.wherethere31\n4．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanweget     B.whatwecangetC.whowecanget     D.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.that    B.if       C.whether    D.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.that     B.when     C.why     D.what7.Thatis _____wewerelatelasttime.  A.that    B.when    C.why     D.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.　A.that B.like  C.as   D.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.why        B.when        C.what       D.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisill       B.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisill        D.forhismotherisill11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.that       B.what       C.why      D.how12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.what     B.where    C.that     D.why 31\nthat/what的区别1．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyou           B.That；howyouare C.How；thatyouare           D.What；howyouare2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.what     B.that     C.how       D.whythat3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.what  B.where       C.theplace     D.therewhere4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger. Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobe            B.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeing          D.whatitwasusedtobe5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…that    B.That…whatC.What …what             D.That…what6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such 高考练习1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？（NMET1999）A.why        B.what      C.when       D.where2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella ____Igotwetthrough.（1998上海）A.It’sthereason B.That’swhy C.There’swhy  D.It’show3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.（06全国）A.when       B.which         C.where       D.what31\n4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?(2003北京春) ---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcited   B.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutit          D.whenIfeelexcited5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.（2004湖北）A.theway   B.inthewaythat  C.intheway   D.thewaywhich 答案DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的区别DBAAAC高考练习ABDAA 31\n2）主语从句　　1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。　　2.构成：关联词+简单句　　3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：　　（1）从属连词that.如：Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.　　很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。　　（2）从属连词whether.如：　　Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。　　（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever　　连接副词where，when，how，why.如：　　Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。　　Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。　　Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。　　Whereveryouareismyhome——myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。　　解释：　　1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：　　A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如：　　Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。　　Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。　　B.It+be+名词词组（nowonder，anhonor，agoodthing，apity，nosurprise，etc.）+that从句。如：　　It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遗憾我们不能去。　　It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。　　C.It+be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如：　　ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。　　ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.　　据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。　　D.It+seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：　　ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。　　IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。　　E.It+doesn’tmatter（makesnodifference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：　　Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。　　Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。　　F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：　　Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek？下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？　　Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow？他们明天不来很要紧吗？31\n　　G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：　　Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet！孩子们这么安静真奇怪！　　2.注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。　　Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.（whoever=thepersonwho）来的人将受到欢迎。　　Whateverhedidwasright.（whatever=thethingthat）他所做的事情是正确的。Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.（whichever=anyoneofyouwho）你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖主语从句练习题1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown4.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat8.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how31\n9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which10.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what11.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether12..____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where13._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who14._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That15.______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This16.______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What17.._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether18.._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody19.._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How20..________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who[参考答案]1-10CBACDDDCAA  11-20CBDACBDCAC31\n3）宾语从句　　1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。　　2.构成：关联词+简单句。　　3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：　　（1）从属连词that.如：　　Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。　　Iknowhehasreturned.我知道他已经回来了。　　注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。　　1.EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。）　　大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。　　2.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。）　　对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。　　3.ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon’tbelieve.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。）　　我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。　　4.Wedecided，inviewofhisspecialcircumstances，thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。）　　鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。　　（2）从属连词if/whether.如：　　Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。　　Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.我不知道你能否帮助我。　　（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever　　连接副词where，when，how，why.　　如：　　Whoorwhathewas，Martinneverlearned.　　他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。　　Iwonderwhathe’swritingtomeabout.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。　　I’lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。　　Youmaydowhatyouwill.你可做任何你想做的事。　　（1）介词宾语从句　　宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：　　Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.　　他对那天发生的事感到很不快。　　Iwalkedovertowhereshesat.我走向她坐的地方。　　Iamcuriousastowhathewillsay.我很想知道他要说什么。　　Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.　　你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。　　有时介词可以省略。如：　　Idon’tcare（for）whomarrieshim.我不管谁跟他结婚。　　Becareful（asto）howyoudothat.你要注意做这件事的方式。31\n　　解释：　　1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：　　WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.　　我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。　　Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.　　他已表明他不会屈服。　　2.作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：　　Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.　　他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。　　YoumayrelyonitthatIshallhelpyou.你可以指望我会帮助你的。　　介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：　　Areyousorryforwhatyou’vedone？　　你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？　　3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：　　IamnotsurewhatIoughttodo.　　我不能确定我该做什么。　　I’mafraidyoudon’tunderstandwhatIsaid.　　恐怕你没领会我说的意思。　　I’msurprisedthatIdidn’tseeallthatbefore.　　我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。　　Motherwasverypleasedherdaughterhadpassedtheexams.　　妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。　　4.连词whether（…ornot）或if引导的宾语从句　　if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和ornot连用，if一般不与ornot连用。如：　　Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我不知它是真是假。　　用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较：　　Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.　　Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.　　if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。　　5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：　　Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你错了。　　Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。　　Idon’tsupposehecares，doeshe？我想他不在意，是吗？　　6.宾语从句的时态变化规律：　　（1）当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。　　（2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。31\n宾语从句练习题类型一whether的用法（1）Idon’tknow___________ornot．　　A．whetherheisathome　　　　　　B．ifheisathome　　C．thatheisathome　　　　　　　D．whetherisheathome（2）Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine．　　A．which　　　B．whether　　　C．if　　　　　D．that（3）Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin．　　A．which　　　B．where　　　C．if　　　　　D．that（4）Idon’tknow________Mr．Greenwillcometoseeus．He’llhelpuswithourEnglish．　　A．why　　　　　B．when　　　C．how　　　　D．where（5）－－－Becareful！Don’tbreakthebottles．Doyouhear______Isaid?David?　－－－Yes，Mum　　A．what　B．that　C．why　D．if（6）－－－Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis? －－－HemayliveatNO．18orNo．19ofBridgeStreet．I’mnotsureof______．A．where，which　B．where，what　　C．what，which　　D．what，where（7）Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo．Ireallydon’tknow_____．　　A．whatshouldIchoose　　　　　　　B．whichIshouldchoose　　C．whichshouldIchoose　　　　　　D．whatIshouldchoose　　类型二：宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序（1）　Didyoufindout______?A．shewaslookingforwhosechild　　　B．whosechildwasshelookingforC．whosechildsheislookingfor　　　　D．whosechildshewaslookingfor（2）　Areyouinterestedin_____?A．howdidhedoit　　B．hedidithow　C．howhedidit　D．hehowdidit（3）　Idon’tknow_____．Canyoutellme?　　A．howthetwoplayersareold　　　B．howoldarethetwoplayers　　C．thetwoplayersarehowold　　　D．howoldthetwoplayersare（4）　－－－Whatdidthescientistsay?　　－－－Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday．　　A．hehadtofly　B．hecouldfly　C．canhefly　D．couldhefly31\n（5）　Excuseme，sir．Couldyoutellme____?　　A．Wherethebanknearest　　　　　　　B．whereisthenearestbank　　C．wherethenearestbankis　　　　　D．thenearestbankiswhere（6）SheaskedTom________withhiscar?　　A．whatthematterwas　　　　　　　　B．whatthematteris　　C．whatwasthematter　　　　　　　　D．whatisthematter　　类型三：时态（1）It’s7：30．Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet，Sally．　　A．haven’tstarted　B．didn’t　C．don’tstart　D．hadn’tstarted（2）TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay． A．is　　　B．was　　　C．hasbeen　　　　　　　D．willbe（3）　Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun．　　A．goes　　B．go　C．went　D．willgo（4）　We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam．　　A．havepassed　　B．hadpassed　　　C．pass　　D．willpass（5）　　“Couldyoutellme______?”“Yes．They____tothelibrary．”A．wherearethetwins，havebeen　　B．wherewerethetwins，havebeenC．wherethetwinsare，havegone　　D，wherethetwinswere，havegone（6）　　Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek．　　A．willbuy　B．havebought　　C．wouldbuy　D．buys（7）　Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday．　　A．goes　　B．willgo　　C．went　　D．havegone　　类型四：其他－－－反意疑问句，it做形式宾语（1）．Idon’tthinkheisright，__________?　　A．isn’the　　　　B．ishe　　　　C．doI　　　　D．don’tI（2）．Hebelievessheisright，__________?　　A．doesn’the　　　　B．doeshe　　　　C．isshe　　　D．isn’tshe（3）．Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball，__________?　　A．didn’the　　　　B．didhe　　　　C．didI　　　　D．didn’tI（4）．Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday．　　A．it　　　　　　B．this　　　　　C．that　　　　　D．what（5）．Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift．　　A．howtheywereexcited　　　　　　　　B．howexcitedtheywere　　C．howexcitedwerethey　　　　　　　　D．theywerehowexcited　　31\n高考题1．—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?　　—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould．　（06全国Ⅱ）　　A．when　　　　B．that　　　　　C．how　　　　　D．what2．　Pleaseremindme_________hesaidhewasgoing．Imaybeintimetoseehimoff．　　A．where　　B．when　　　C．how　　　D．what　　（06全国Ⅰ）　3．　Marywroteanarticleon　　theteamhadfailedtowinthegame．（05全国卷）　　A．why    B．what    C．who    D．that　4．SomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandsee________．（2000上海）　　A．whoishe　　　B．whoheis　　C．whoisit　　D．whoitis　5．　——Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime．　　——Whatdoyouconsider_______toher?（NMET1990）　　A．washappening　B．tohappen　C．hashappened　D．happening　　答案　　类型一：ABABACB　　类型二DCDBCC　　类型三AAAACCC　　类型四BAAAB　　高考题DBADC31\n4）同位语从句　　1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。　　2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact，news，idea，thought，question，reply，report，remark等，关联词多用从属连词that.如：　　Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.　　对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。　　WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？　　你在哪儿听说我不能来？　　EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia.　　德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。　　注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：　　Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.我不知道他是否来。　　连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how亦可引导同位语从句。　　Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.　　谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。　　Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.　　到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。　　Itisaquestionhowhedidit.　　那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。　　解释：　　1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别　　that引导的同位语从句　　that引导的定语从句　　句法功能上　　that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。　　that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。　　意义上　　从句是被修饰名词的内容。　　从句起限定作用，是定语　　如：ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.（同位语从句，that不可省。）　　李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。　　Thenews（that）hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.（定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。）　　他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。　　2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：　　Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis（should）besettledassoonaspossible.　　这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。31\n同位语从句练习题1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.　　A.that   B.what   C.why     D.which　　2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.　　A.that   B.what   C.which   D.why　　3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.　　A.what   B.that   C.why     D.when　　4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.　　A.which  B.that   C./       D.it　　5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.　　A.when   B.that   C.what    D./　　6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.　　A.if     B.that    C.whether    D.which　　7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.　　A.when   B.which   C.what       D.that　　8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.　　A.which  B.whether C.that       D.what　　9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.　　A.that   B.as      C.ofwhich   D.which　　10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.　　A.whether   B.where   C.that    D.when　　Keys：31\n1-5AABBA6-10BDCAA5）定语从句定语从句及相关术语　　1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。　　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。　　注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）　　1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：thisisthebook（which）youwant。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置　　2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢　　3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that　　4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语　　5.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物,当它引导的从句修饰物体时,可以与ofwhich调换,表达的意思一样。　　二、关系副词（在句中作状语）　　关系副词=介词+关系代词　　why=forwhich　　where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)　　when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)　　1.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。　　2.when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。　　BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedtherefortwoweeks.IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。31\n　　3.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时，常用thereis来引导Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou.这里有人要和你说话。非限定性定语从句　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：　CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。　Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：　HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。　Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。4.有时as也可用作关系代词5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who,whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.；关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人在从句中做主语　　(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.　　(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.　　(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。　　如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如:Heisthemanwhom/whoItalkto.　　如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如:HeisthemanwhohasanEnglishbook.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略　　(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.　　(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。　　在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。　　(1)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.　　(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语　　(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.　　(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替31\n　　(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.　　(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.　　(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注意介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时　　从句常由介词+关系代词引导　　(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.　　(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.　　(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.　　(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.　　(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)或主句的某一部分2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：　CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。　Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：　HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。　Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。4.有时as也可用作关系代词5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who,whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.；关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人在从句中做主语　　(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.　　(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.　　(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。　　如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如:Heisthemanwhom/whoItalkto.　　如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如:HeisthemanwhohasanEnglishbook.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略　　(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.　　(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。31\n　　在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。　　(1)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.　　(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语　　(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.　　(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替　　(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.　　(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.　　(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注意介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时　　从句常由介词+关系代词引导　　(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.　　(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.　　(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.　　(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?　A.where　B.that　C.onwhich　D.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.where　B.that　C.onwhich　D.theone答案：例1D，例2A　　例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.　　在句1中，is后应跟表语，只有theone可以，而后面的youvisitedafewdaysago则做one的定语从句。　　而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。　　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。　　2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。　ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.　ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.　　　Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?　　　Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?　　Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.（八）先行词和关系词二合一　31\n1)Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.　　(Whoever可以用anyonewho代替)　2)Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.　　(what可以用allthat代替)（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句　由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。　　Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.　　Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.　　典型例题1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.it　B.that　C.which　　D.he　答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what　B.which　C.that　D.it　答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.that　B.which　　C.as　D.it　答案B.　　as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：　(1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。　(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。　在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。As的用法例1.thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。　　Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。　　Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.　　Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。一、“as/which”特殊定语从句的先行成分1.形容词或形容词短语作先行成分,具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：Mygrandmother’shousewasalwaysofgreatimportancetome,asmyownis.在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who/whom.2.动词短语先行成分这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as/which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。3.句子作先行成分31\n这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1.形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as/which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。2.动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as/which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。3.句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。1.表示结果表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result,make,enable,cause和形容词interesting,surprising,delightful,disgraceful等。2.表示评注表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural,knowntoall,usual等。3.有无状语意义“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。四、关系代词as与which的句法功能1.as/which在特殊定语从句中作主语。as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be,seem），主语补语为usual、arule、amatteroffact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：Freddie,asmightbeexpected,wasattendingtheconference.Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。2.as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。3.as和which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：Wethoughthimagentleman,as/whichhecouldneverbe.“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：Hetalkedlikeanative,which/ashehardlywas.31\n4.which在特殊从定语句中作定语。which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact,matter,thing等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：Iwastoldtogonotbytrainbutbus,whichadviceIfollowed.（十）关系代词that的用法(1)不用that的情况　　(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.　　(b)介词后不能用。　　　　Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.　　　　Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况　　(a)　在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。　(b)　在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。　　(c)　先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。　(d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.　　(e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．(g)为了避免重复．(h)先行词是theway时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．　Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。　Finally,thetheirhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.　　那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。31\n高中英语定语从句练习题和答案1.Idon’tlike___youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich2.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose___intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.theyoncegrewD.thatoncegrew3.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which4._______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It5.HewasveryrudetotheCustomsofficer,______ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which6.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what7.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose8.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,______wehadn’texpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what9.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,______leadingactorisworld-famous?A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which10.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.A.heB.thisC.whichD.who11.Thefilmbroughtthehourstome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where12._______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What13.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen14.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why15.Isthisthereason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained31\nC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained16.Thefamousbasketballstar,______triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who17.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,______Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what18.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museumsandsomeotherplaces,______othervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when19.Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when20._______hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What21..GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname22.______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What23.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which24.Itiseasytodotherepair.______youneedisahammerandsomenails.A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything25.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As26.Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which27.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich28.Iworkinabusiness_________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that29.Therewas________time__________Ihatedtogotoschool.A．a;thatB．a;whenC．the;thatD．the;when30.Therearetwobuildings,__________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofwhich31.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_________hesaidit.A．thewayB．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich31\n32.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%__________aresoldabroad.A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．ofthat33.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom34.TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich35.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that36.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich37.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich38.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout_______wewouldhavelostourway.A．itB．thatC．thisD．which39.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace__________,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what40.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What41.Ihavemanyfriends,_______somearebusinessmen.A．ofthemB．fromwhichC．whoofD．ofwhom42.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere?）A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturntoD.forhertoturn43.Ifashophaschairs_________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where44.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstuckbyfloods,from________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.）A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what45.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.A．duringwhichtimeB．forwhichtimeC．duringwhosetimeD．bythattime46.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___________shewantedtobe.31\nA.whoB.thatC.whatD.which47.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_______toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A．thatB．inwhichC．bywhichD．how48.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.A．inthatB．forthatC．inwhichD．forwhich49.Thewayhediditwasdifferent__________wewereusedto.A．inwhichB．inwhatC．fromwhatD．fromwhich50.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A．whichB．whenC．whereD．that51.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.A．beforeB．whenC．thatD．until52.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Right,justtheone_________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．what53.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,__________hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis54.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,__________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it55._________Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmorning.A.WhenB.afterC.AsD.Since56.Theplace________thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_______thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich57.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that58.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_______wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what59.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.A．beforeB．whenC．thatD．until60.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_______didn’thelp.A．itB．sheC．whichD．he31\n61.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which62.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what63.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,________wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich64.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich.65.——Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?——Yes，there’sonepoint________wemustinsiston.A．whyB．whereC．howD．/66.Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填67.We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which68.SheaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________Shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat69.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which70.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents______Chineseintheschool,most_______werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom71.TheBeatles,______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as72.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which参考答案：1----5ADDBD6----10BBCCC11----15CBAAA16----20DBCDB21----25DBDBD26----30DACBD31----35AADCA36----40BCDBB41----45DBDBA46----50DBDCC51----55BCCAC56----60CACBA61----65DABDD66----70CAABD71----72DD31\n6）状语从句由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,everytime等引导。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.（二）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）等，for表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'tgettheposition.Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。e.g.Sitwhereveryoulike.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.（四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so,sothat（从句谓语常有情态动词）,inorderthat,incase（以防，以免）等。e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由sothat（从句谓语一般没有情态动词）,so…that,such…that等引导。e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidn’tattendthemeeting.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.（六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。注意：条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.31\nYoumayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.SofarasIknow（据我所知）,hewillbeawayforthreemonths.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon’tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whether…or,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.（八）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as,asif(though),theway,ratherthan等引导。e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than,so(as)…as,themore…themore等引导。e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.We’llgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（地点状语从句）Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.（宾语从句）Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主语从句）Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表语从句）31\n状语从句练习1._______theydecidedwhichcollegetogo,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.A.As                  B.While        C.Once                  D.Until2.Iwouldappreciateit________youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.A.until                         B.if                             C.when                       D.that3.Afterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwasputup________therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.that                          B.where                      C.which                      D.when4.—IsMr.Smithintheoffice?—Yes，________heisinchargeoftheoffice，hemustbethere.A.since                        B.however                   C.whether                   D.for5.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout________hephones.A.aslongas            B.inorderto       C.incase              D.sothat6.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight，buttheyhungup________Icouldanswerthephone.A.as                     B.since           C.until                           D.before7.—Don’tlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.—Oh,yes.________othersareweak,heisstrong.A.If                       B.When          C.Where                D.Though8.Itistenyears________hesmoked.A.that                      B.when           C.since                D.while9.Wemusthurryup________catchupwiththelasttrain.A.that                      B.sothatto       C.inorderthat             D.inorderto10.Nomatter________harditmaybe，Iwillcarryitout.A.what                  B.whatever       C.how                    D.however11.________youmaydo，youmustdoitwell.A.Which                   B.Whenever       C.Whatever                D.When12.—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday?—No.ButifI________thetime，Iwoulddefinitelygo.A.have                       B.had          C.havehad                  D.wouldhave13.________youaresoweak，you’dbetterstayathome.A.Since                   B.For          C.Because                   D.Though14.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose________youlike.A.nomatterwhich          B.whichever     C.which            D.whatever15.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother________IleftLondon.A.as                   B.before         C.since                   D.till16.Insomeplacewomenareexpectedtoearnmoney________menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.A.when                   B.while        C.because               D.though17.Thereweresomechairsleftover_______everyonehadsatdown.A.when                   B.until        C.that              D.where18.Theywentonworking________itwaslateatnight.A.evenif               B.asif         C.however               D.asthough19.Ihurried________Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.31\nA.since             B.sothat        C.asif                D.unless20.________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage，youshowyourskillstoothers.A.Attimes              B.Sometime    C.Bythetime           D.Everytime21.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter，________.A.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyread      B.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.hisworksarenotwidelyread             D.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread22.Sheiswillingtohelpyou,________busysheis.A.what                  B.how         C.however              D.whatever23.________heis,hewillbethinkingofyou.A.Wherever            B.Where       C.Nowthat            D.Assoonas24.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings________youcanfindthemagain.A.when                     B.where        C.then             D.there25.Hegotexcitedatthenews，________Iwascalm.A.when                   B.while        C.because               D.after26.—ShallBrowncomeandplaycomputergames?—No，________hehasfinishedhishomework.A.when                 B.if            C.unless              D.once27.________youtry，youwillneversucceed.A.If                    B.Until             C.Since     D.Unless28.HardlyhadhearrivedinHongKong________sherangmeup.A.when                B.than            C.that               D.and29.—Theairisfullofsmokeandpeoplearecoughing.—Itwillgetworse________thegovernmentdoessomethingaboutthepollution.A.but                  B.unless         C.except              D.if30.Wewillnevergivein________theymightdoorsayaboutourplan.A.nomatterhow               B.how       C.whatever                D.although31.It’snowonderyou’vegotaheadache________youdranksomuchlastnight.A.though                  B.incase          C.when             D.while32.IwonderifI________time.IfI________time，I’llgowithyou.A.have；have    B.willhave；willhave   C.have；willhave    D.willhave；have33.________Ilive，Iwillnevergiveintotheenemy.A.Asfaras                 B.Aslongas      C.Aswellas              D.Assoonas34.Iwasabouttoleavemyhouse________thephonerang.A.while                       B.when                C.as                               D.after35.Ihadcutthemeatintopieces________Motherstartedcooking.A.when                  B.assoonas        C.after                   D.while36.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen______hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.which　　　         B.when　　　             C.sothat　　              D.asif37.Itjustisn’tfair_______Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendwerelyingonthebeach.A.whenever　　　   B.though　　　        C.for　　         D.while38.allthedishesinthismenu,______otherwisestated,willservedtwotothreepeople.A.as　　　     B.though　　　        C.unless　　         D.if31\n39.Iusedtolovethatfilm______Iwasachild,butIdon’tfeelitthatwayanymore.A.when                  B.once        C.since                   D.although状语从句练习二答案1~5CBBAC                           6~10DCCDC11~15CBABC                       16~20BAABD 21~25CCABB                       26~30CDABC31~35 CDBBA                     36~39CDCA31