高中英语书面表达

高中英语书面表达

蚅蚃羈莅莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿袇聿肀艿虿羅聿莁袅袁肈蒄蚈螇肈蚆蒁膆肇莆螆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀膃莂螃肈膂蒅薅羄膂薇螁羀膁莇薄袆膀葿衿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁袈羇膇莃蚀袃芆蒅袆蝿芆薈虿肇芅芇蒁肃芄蒀蚇罿芃薂薀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆莀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈莈莁薅膆莇薃螀肂莆蚅蚃羈莅莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿袇聿肀艿虿羅聿莁袅袁肈蒄蚈螇肈蚆蒁膆肇莆螆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀膃莂螃肈膂蒅薅羄膂薇螁羀膁莇薄袆膀葿衿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁袈羇膇莃蚀袃芆蒅袆蝿芆薈虿肇芅芇蒁肃芄蒀蚇罿芃薂薀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆莀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈莈莁薅膆莇薃螀肂莆蚅蚃羈莅莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿袇聿肀艿虿羅聿莁袅袁肈蒄蚈螇肈蚆蒁膆肇莆螆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀膃莂螃肈膂蒅薅羄膂薇螁羀膁莇薄袆膀葿衿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁袈羇膇莃蚀袃芆蒅袆蝿芆薈虿肇芅芇蒁肃芄蒀蚇罿芃薂薀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆莀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈莈莁薅膆莇薃螀肂莆蚅蚃羈莅莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿袇聿肀艿虿羅聿莁袅袁肈蒄蚈螇肈蚆蒁膆肇莆螆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀膃莂螃肈膂蒅薅羄膂薇螁羀膁莇薄袆膀葿衿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁袈羇膇莃蚀袃芆蒅袆蝿芆薈虿肇芅芇蒁肃芄蒀蚇罿芃薂薀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆莀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈莈莁薅膆莇薃螀肂莆蚅蚃羈莅莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿袇聿肀艿虿羅聿莁袅袁肈蒄蚈螇肈蚆蒁膆肇莆螆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀膃莂螃肈膂蒅薅羄膂薇螁羀膁莇薄袆膀葿衿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁袈羇膇莃蚀袃芆蒅袆蝿芆薈虿肇芅芇蒁肃芄蒀蚇罿芃薂薀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆莀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈莈莁薅膆莇薃螀肂莆蚅蚃羈莅莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿袇聿肀艿虿羅聿莁袅袁肈蒄蚈螇肈蚆蒁膆肇莆螆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀膃莂螃肈膂蒅薅羄膂薇螁羀膁莇薄袆膀葿衿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁袈羇膇莃蚀袃芆蒅袆蝿芆薈虿肇芅芇蒁肃芄蒀蚇罿膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁肈莀蒁衿肇聿蚆螅肆节葿螁肅莄螄蚇肄蒆薇羆肃膆莀袂肃芈薆螈膂莁莈蚄膁肀薄薀膀膃莇袈腿莅薂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆膇艿蒃羅膆莁虿袁芅蒄蒁螇芄膃蚇蚃袀芆蒀蕿袀蒈蚅羈衿膈薈袄袈芀螄螀袇莂薆蚆袆蒅荿羄袅膄薅袀羄芇莇螆羄荿薃蚂羃聿莆蚈羂芁蚁羇羁莃蒄袃羀蒅蚀蝿罿膅蒂蚅罿芇蚈薁·高中英语书面表达训练书面表达训练的思路:基础知识：写一个完整的句子:句子的完整,连贯,简洁,多样化语篇训练：以话题为类别，从词、短语、句子到篇章的顺序进行训练。专题训练：各种题材的训练（观点、数据、提纲、表格、应用文体、半开放式作文等）第一部分基础知识：句子(写一个完整的句子)教学目标：写一个完整的句子:句子的完整,连贯,简洁,多样化。高考要求：1）考生须用比较完整句子表达要点，只有关键词汇而无主谓结构不可视为表达出要点；如果涉及要点信息出现在从句中而从句无主谓结构不可视为表达出要点。2）在表达要点的句子中，如果写出主谓结构及关键信息，但主谓结构有严重语言错误（如语态，连动或情态动词后无主要动词）可视为表达出半个要点。基础知识储备：1）简单句、并列句和复合句知识2）动词时态语态、主谓一致，动词s、es、ing和不规则动词83\n3）非谓语动词、with结构等等。这几句是正确的句子吗?如果你认为有误,该怎么改?1.Themeetingwilluntil3:00.2.Workhard,youwillsucceed.3.Ihaveabrother,whoisadoctor.一）基础知识：句子的基本成分和结构句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。1）英语的句子成分：一）主语：Wallshaveears.()Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.（）Threeplusfourequalsseven.（）Toseeistobelieve.（）Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.（）Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.（）二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Thechancemaynevercomeagain.83\nMaryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______,________的.Myfatherisaprofessor.()Who'sthat?It'sme.()Everythinghereisexpensive.()Thematchbecameveryexciting.()Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.()Threetimesfiveisfifteen.()Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.()Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.()（四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.()Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.()Doyoumindopeningthewindow?()Givemefourplease.()Hewantstodreamanicedream.()Weneedtoknowwhatothersaredoing.()Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.()（五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。83\nTheyarewomanworkers.（）Tom'sfatherdidn'twritehomeuntilyesterday.（）Maryisabeautifulgirl..（）Theplayhasthreeacts.()ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.()Chinaisadevelopingcountry.()Ihavenothingtoeat.()ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.()六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.()Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.()Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.()We'llsendacartofetchyou.()Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.()Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.()Ifhegoes,sowillI.()Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.()七）宾语补足语83\n英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.()Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.()Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.()Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.()Isawhimgoingupstairs.()八）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.2）简单句的五种基本句型1．主语+系动词+表语1）Ourcityisatthecrossingofsomeimportantrailways.主语系动词表语2）Thecitywillbecomerich.主语系动词表语83\n在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化”类：______________________________________________.“感官”类:______________________________________________.“持续”类：___________________________________________.其他：（似乎）_______________(证明是)_________你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。________________________________________.83\n这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。__________________________________________.这个计划证明是可行的。__________________________________________.2．主语+谓语1）Buildinghasstarted.主语谓语2）Thetrainleavesat7:40.主语谓语______搭配：Theteacherteacheswell.Thechildwalksveryslowly._____搭配：Thegirllookedatthepicture.Thechildrenrantotheforest.我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘83\n里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.____________________________________________．主语+谓语+宾语1）Thebossemployedfivemoreworkers.主语谓语宾语2）Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.3）Fewstudentsliketakingexams.4）Heforgottoclosethedoor.5）IhopeIcanspeakEnglishfluently.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。______________________________________.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。__________________________________________.83\n他许诺给我一个礼物。________________________________________________.4．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）Hehasfetchedussomenewtextbooks.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语2）Grandmacookedusanicemeal.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语3）Themantoldthegirlthathewantstotestherthesubject.4）TheboyaskedmeifIcouldspeakChinese.83\n可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_________________________________________.下学期谁教你们生物？___________________________________________.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_____________________________________.5．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）Thevillagersdidn’tallowthemtodothis.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语83\n2）Iwillkeeptheboxintheshade.3）Wefoundhimaverygoodpupil.4）Sheletmestayinthecompany.5）Wekepttheroomclean.6）Weheardthegirlsingingthesong.7）Hehadhishaircutshort.该句型中的“宾语+宾语补足语”又叫做“__________”他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。______________________________________.83\n我建议他多读点书。__________________________________________.他修了机器。___________________________________________.我们选他当班长。________________________________________________.二）练习练习1:翻译下列简单句1.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战.2.一天,她高兴地走进我的房间.3.一轮红日从东方升起.4.张飞在三年级六班.5.那个故事听起来很有趣.6.老师好像对我的工作很满意.7.早起对人的身体有益.8.胡姗姗读过这本书多次了9.我还没决定去还是不去.10.周兰借给我一些钱.11.这件晚礼服花了她四十美元.12.王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题.13.同学们把课室保持得干干净净.14.我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口.15.我找人把自行车修好了.83\n16.你不应该让他一个人去那儿.17.精通一门外语外语是很难的。18.我们学习一些学习方法是有必要的。19.只有用这种方法，你才能学好英语。练习2:用并列句翻译下列句子1.他虽然有病,但是还是上学去了.2.汤姆很穷,而他的弟弟去发了财.3.他丢了工作,因此这些天心情不好.4.韩惠不但歌唱得好,而且舞也跳得好.5.我本打算昨天告诉你,但你不在办公室.6.那个男孩不仅说英语非常好，法语说的也很流利。练习3:用复合句翻译下列句子1.这本书非常有趣，我把它读了一遍又一遍。2.我匆匆忙忙，到了车站时才发觉忘了带钱包了。3.我认为我们学习一些学习方法是有必要的。4.享受自然之美的最佳途径就是到乡下去。5.我认为，只有通过努力学习，我们的梦想才能实现。练习4:改正下列错句,使他们成为正确的一句话1.Faulty:Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,one-thirdofthemarefromnearbycountries.Improved:2.Faulty:Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefield.Improved:3.Faulty:Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom,hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.Improved:练习5:改正下列句子,使之更为连贯Faulty:Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.Revised:Faulty:Theideahementionedatfirstsoundedgood.Revised:练习6:改写下列句子,使其更简洁1.Wordy:Hegavemanyreasonsforthefailure,butthereasonshegavewerenotconvincing.Concise:2.Wordy:TheGreatWall,whichhasahistoryofmorethan2000years,isoneoftheworldheritages,83\nConcise:3.Wordy:Heattendedthepartythoughhewasbadlyill.Concise:4.Wordy:NieEr,whoisthecomposeroftheNationalAnthemforthePeople’sRepublicofChina,wasborninYunnaninFebruary1912.Concise:5.Wordy:Hesuggestedthathebesenttotendthesick.Concise:6.Wordy:Tomysurprise,IwassurprisedtofindnoonetherewhenIgotthere.Concise:7.Wordy:Ateacherwhohasexperienceshouldhaveanideaaboutwhatheshoulddoinsuchacondition.Concise:8.Wordy:Doyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinred?Concise:9.Wordy:Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroomandhecarriedabagofbookswithhim.Concise:10.Wordy:Themanwhoisstandingbythewindowisourteacher.Concise:11.Wordy:Ididn’tknowhertelephonenumber,sowecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Concise:12.Wordy:JohnsonlookedlikeamanwhowaswantedinLosAngelesforrobbery.Concise:13.Wordy:Wefinallyreachedhomeat10pm,andweweretiredandhungry.Concise:第二部分:书面表达话题分类专题训练专题1：有关学校生活及学习的话题一）词汇和短语：1、学校生活及学习成绩83be getting on well with one’s studytake several courses at schoolhave English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …put one’s heart into…be interested inbe fond oflike chemistry bestbe good atbe poor at do well in be weak inmake progress infail in 83\nbe tired of pass the examinationgive sb. a passing grade;major in history the best record in school.get a doctor’s degree be more interesting to sb.learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);take an active part in …; learn… by heart;work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;have a good command of…lay a good foundation in (language study)832、师生关系　83get on well with sblike to be with students　be gentle with usbe kind to sb;　be a strict teacherbe strict with one’s pupilsbe strict in work　think of him (her) as … help sb with sth;　praise sb for sth … blame sb for sth..　give advice on …question sb on …be satisfied with …　correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare forthe next daygive sb a lot of work;try to teach sb good study habitsmake one’s lessons lively and interesting teach sb. sth.teach sb to do sth.devote all one’s time to workadmire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education833、课余活动及周末生活83spend one’s time in many different waysenjoy doing things by oneself; go swimminggo for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore)see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin)play chess (basketball); have a swimhave dances on weekendshave a picnic over the weekendgo to the cinemahave a partyhold a sports meetingdo some reading; help sb do sthenjoy a family trip;get everything ready forride one’s bike with sb.to(the park)enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.bring sth. to the picnic. a very relaxing Sunday.some good programmes on TV on weekends.83二）常用句子：1.我有几个问题要向你请教。Ihavesomequestionstoaskyou.2.我们做学生的应该诚实，通过努力学习而不是作弊取得好成绩。83\nWestudentsshouldbehonestandtrytogetgoodresultsbystudyinghardotherthancheatinginexaminations3.星期六晚上，学生会要举办晚会欢迎澳大利亚朋友。TheStudentsUnionwillholdapartytowelcomesomeAustralianfriendsonSaturdayevening4.我们很高兴星期六你将来参加我们的活动。We’regladthatyou’lltakepartinouractivitiesonSaturday.5.我们都知道，有的学生在平时学校考试时会作弊，为的是能取得较好的成绩取悦于家长和老师。Itisknowntousallthatsomestudentscheatinexaminationsatschoolinordertogetbetterresultstopleasetheirparentsandteachers.6.小明是个聪明勤奋的学生。XiaoMingisacleverandhard-workingmiddle-schoolstudent.7．李平在学校学习成绩一直很好。LiPingalwaysstudiesverywellatschool.8．就我所知，大家对这一新安排都感到高兴。AsfarasIknow,everyoneishappyaboutthisnewarrangementofthings.9.在我看来，考场作弊破坏了游戏规则，对于不作弊的同学是不公平的。Inmyopinion,itiswrongtocheatinexaminationsbecauseitbreakstherulesofthegames,whichisunfairtothosewhodon’tcheat.10.所有的班都由具有丰富的外语教学经验的老师授课。Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.11.我1984年7岁时开始上学。Ibegangoingtoschoolattheageofsevenin(theyear)1984.12.近三个月来，我比以前学习更努力了。Ihavebeenworkingharderatmylessonsthanbeforeduringtherecentthreemonths.13．小明的爸爸说他的数学英语成绩都好，建议他学电脑。HisfathersaidhewasgoodatmathsandEnglish,sohesuggestedthatXiaoMing(should)studycomputerscience.14．每天晚上他做完功课就喜欢看电视。HewouldliketowatchTVafterhefinishedhishomeworkeveryevening.15.在那段期间我每天早起晚睡，认真复习，这次考试我自己觉得考得还不错。Duringthatperiodoftime,Igotupearlyandsleptlittle.IthinkIdidwellintheexams.16.我在学校里学习的主要课程有语文、数学、物理、化学和电脑。IstudyChinese,maths,physics,chemistryandcomputerscienceatschool.17.83\n简而言之，自从要求学校减轻学生负担以来，情况开始好转了。Inshort,thingshavebeguntoimprovesinceschoolswerecalledontoreducethestudents’learningload.18.考试结果要一个月之后才能知道。Wecanknowourgradesoftheexamsonlyamonthlater.19.有人认为英语学习应当从儿童期开始，因为小孩子记性好，能记住许多单词。SomepeoplethinkthatEnglishlearningshouldstartfromchildhood.Becauselittleboysandgirlshaveaverygoodmemory,theycanlearnalotofEnglishwordsbyheart.20.首先分明确一点，我们上学不应当迟到或早退。Itmustbemadeclearthatweshouldneverbelateforclassorleaveschoolbeforeitisover.21.我们非常感谢老师为我们提供了许多好书。We’reverygratefultoourteacherwhoprovidesusplentyofgoodbooks.22.我当时就知道我父母已经为我付出了多少心血。所以学习很努力。Iknewverywellwhatmyparentshaddoneforme.SoIstudiedexceptionallyhard.三）书面表达训练题：1.时下，很多学生带手机上学。为此，某英语报在你校组织了一场讨论。讨论的主题：中学生是否有必要带手机去学校。请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。大多数同学认为大多数老师认为：你的观点：可方便与家长、同学联系；是一种时尚。中学生年龄尚小，还不能自控；用手机玩游戏，发短信浪费时间；容易引起攀比。如需要打电话学校里有各种电话可供使用。追求时尚可以理解，但学习是首要任务。注意：1．信的开头已为你写好。2．词数：100左右。3．参考词汇：攀比：viewith…在校园内：onthecampusDeareditor:I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwe’vehadaboutwhetheritisnecessaryformiddleschoolstudentstocarrymobilephonestoschool.___________________________________________________Deareditor:I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwe’vehadaboutwhetheritisnecessaryformiddleschoolstudentstocarrymobilephonestoschool.Themajorityofthestudentsthinkthatitismoreconvenientforthemtokeepintouchwiththeirparentsandclassmatesiftheyhaveamobilephone.Andwhat’smore,it’safashion.However,mostteachersthinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsarenotoldenoughtocontrolthemselves.Itisawaste83\noftimeforstudentstoplaygamesandsendmessagestoeachotherbymobilephone.Andit’seasytocausethestudentstoviewitheachother.Ifnecessarytheycanmakephonecallsbyusingpublicphonesonthecampus.Inmyopinion,followingthefashionisunderstandable.Butasmiddleschoolstudents,weshouldputallourheartintoourstudies.YourstrulyLiHua2.面对中学生“出国热”，社会对此有不同的看法。请你以StudyingAbroad为题，根据以下提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。AdvantagesDisadvantages1.良好的语言环境，更利于语言学习。2.拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术。3.传播各民族间的不同文化。1.年纪小，缺乏生活经验，自理能力差。2.情感孤独，思乡。3.生活学习费用高。注意:1）第一句已为你写好，不计入总词数。2）词数100左右。3）参考词汇：媒介，中间人mediatorStudyingAbroadInrecentyears,studyingabroadhasbeenpopular.________________________StudyingAbroadInrecentyears,studyingabroadhasbeenpopular.TensofthousandsofChinesestudentshave83\ngonetoforeigncountriestostudy.Manypeoplearetryingtheirbesttoapplytogoabroad.Therearemanyadvantagesinattendingschoolsabroad.First,studentswhohavestudiedabroadcanactasmediatorsbetweenpeopleofdifferentcultures.Second,wecanlearnmuchmoreadvancedknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyfromforeigncountries.Third,wecanlearnforeignlanguagesmorequickly.However,therearesomedisadvantages.Mostofthestudentsaretooyoungtolivebythemselveswithoutanylivingexperience.Besides,beingfarawayfromtheirhomecountry,theymayfeellonelyandhomesick.Andthecostsaremuch.(117words)3.每年高考之前总会出现“高考移民”，他们设法到录取分数线较低的省份参加考试。你班同学就此展开讨论，提出了以下两种相反意见：赞同反对1．想上好大学，应予理解；2．录取分数不一，对高分地区学生不公平；3．学生也是公民，应该有此权利和机会。4．到其他地方会增加当地升学压力；5．对当地学生不利，也是一种不公；6．主要有利于有权势者，对普通百姓不公请就此给“学生英语报（StudentTimes）”写一篇报道，说明上述讨论情况。说明：（1）.词数100左右;（2）.标题和开头段已经给出。StudentsontheMoveforTheirExams—FairorUnfair?Everyyearsomestudentsfromhigh-scoreareasmovetootherprovincestotaketheEntranceExaminationoftheColleges.Recentlywehadadiscussionaboutthis.83\n__________________________________________________________________________________________StudentsontheMoveforTheirExams—FairorUnfair?Everyyearsomestudentsfromhigh-scoreareasmovetootherprovincestotaketheEntranceExaminationoftheColleges.Recentlywehadadiscussionaboutthis.Somethinkitunderstandableforthestudentstomovetootherplacestotaketheexamsincetheywanttobeabletostudyatabetteruniversity.Anditseemstobetherightofastudentasacitizentohavesuchachance,especiallythosefromanareaofhighentryscore.Otherwisetheyhavetogetmuchhigherscorestoenterauniversitythanthosewhoarefromalowentry-scoreprovince.Otherstakeaquitedifferentstand.Theythinkthosewhoarefromhighscoreareaswouldaddpressuretotheareastheymoveto,whichalsomeansanunfairsituationtothosestudentsinlow-scoreareas.What’smore,itseemstobejustfavourabletothepowerfulandnotfairtoordinarypeople.Sotheydon’tthinkitagoodthing.(137words)4.假设你家境贫困，刚刚考取某所大学，上大学昂贵的费用使你感到为难。下表提供了解决上大学费用的多种途径，请用英语表达出来，同时说明适合于你的途径和理由。解决上大学费用的多种途径1.父母提供学费；2.申请银行贷款；3.获得奖学金；4.业余时间在校内外打工。自己设想1._____________________________；2.______________________________；3.______________________________。...注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文的开头已写好，只需接着写；3.参考词语：学费费用—tuitionandfees申请—applyfor贷款—loan奖学金—scholarship家教—tutorWiththesharpriseofthecostofcollegeeducation,studentshaveafewwaystopayfortheircollegetuitionandfees.______________________________________________________________________________________5.目前，GG、MM、XiaMi等网络语言已成为许多青少年的口头禅，并出现在家庭作业、报告，甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请以ShouldInternetSlangBeProhibited?为题，根据下表内容写一篇120左右的短文。一些同学认为另一些同学认为1.1.83\n网络语言生动、时尚2.网络语言充满幽默与智慧3.能使网上聊天更快捷网络语言缺乏深刻的思想性，太简单2.还没有普及到被大部分人理解和接受3.过多的使用会使人不解甚至误解你的观点注意：1、文章起始句已给出。2、词数：120左右（起始句不计字数）Atpresent,InternetSlang,suchas“GG”,“MM”,“XiaMi”,hasbecomemanyteenagers’petphrases,appearingintheirhomework,reports,andevencompositionsintheNationalEntranceExam.__________________________________________________________________________________________Atpresent,InternetSlang,suchas“GG”,“MM”,“XiaMi”,hasbecomemanyteenagers’petphrases,appearingintheirhomework,reports,andevencompositionsintheNationalEntranceExam.TherearedifferentopinionsonInternetSlang.SomestudentsthinkInternetSlangisvivid,fashionableandfullofhumorandintelligence.Besides,itmakeschattingontheInternetquicker.However,someotherstudentsthinkInternetSlanglacksdepthofthoughtanditistoosimple.Aboveall,itisstillnotsopopularastobeunderstoodandacceptedbymostpeople.Ifthewordsareusedtoooften,peoplewilljustbeconfused,andsometimesresultinginmisunderstanding.Inmyopinion,therearealwaystwosidestoeverything.LivingintheInformationAge,ifwedon’tknowtheseInternetSlang,weseemtolagbehindthetimes.ItwillbeOKaslongasthesetermsareusedcorrectlyinpropersituations.(153words)83\n6.下表校关于中学生双休日活动现状的一份调查，请结合表格内容，用英语写一篇120—150单词的短文，就中学生应如何过双休日发表你的看法。学习情况习几乎都在学半天学习半天活动几乎都在做其他事情比例16%24%60%娱乐休闲体育活动游玩和购物上网看电视比例20%40%40%去图书馆经常偶尔几乎没有比例5%23%72%课外兴趣小组经常经常偶尔不参加比例10%20%70%　范文(Onepossibleversion)　　Thisformdisplaystheresultofasurveyonhowtospendstudents’weekend.Itsaysthatfewstudentsaregluedtotheirschoolworkanymore.Instead,theyprefertosurfontheinternet,watchTV,goshoppingratherthaninvolveinsportsgames.Libraryandinterestgroupsareavailablebutnotfavourable.PersonallyIthink,studentsarenowfreedfromheavyburdenbuttheirsparetimeisnotwellarranged.Theyareexpectedtospendsometimeonwhattheylearninsteadofhangingout.Moretimeshouldbespentnotonlyongreenfieldbutalsointhelibrariestobuildupthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.Besides,moreinterestgroupsshouldbeestablishedforstudentstowidentheirhorizonandsharpentheirbrainssothattheycanbecomemorecreativeeventually.Allthesewillcontributesalottoawell-informedandhighlyqualifiedteenager.Inconclusion,studentsshouldbemorescheduledwithcolorfulandfruitfulactivities.　　7.（说明文）假如你是李明，你发现部分同学每次遇到重要考试，都会出现一些焦虑症状。请你用英语写一封信，向某学生英文报编辑反映该问题。信的内容应包括下列要点：　　焦虑症状:头晕、乏力、睡眠不好、食欲不振等建议:1．考前制定好合适的复习计划　　2．考试期间正常作息　　3．睡前洗热水澡、喝热牛奶等有助于睡眠　　其他建议(内容由考生自己拟定)　　注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。　　2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；　　3.词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。　　参考词汇：头晕—dizzy(adj.)　　Deareditor,83\n　　I’mLiMingofSeniorThree,GuangmingMiddleSchool.I’mwritingtotellyouaboutsomesymptomsofanxietyamongusstudentsbeforeexams._________________________________________　　LiMing　　范文(Onepossibleversion)　　IamLiMingofSeniorThree,GuangmingMiddleSchool.Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomesymptomsofanxietyamongusstudentsbeforeexams.　　Mostofusfeelnervouswheneverwe’retakinganimportantexam.Somewillfeeldizzyortired,somewillsufferfromlackofsleep,andsomewilllosetheirappetite.Infact,allthesesymptomshaveterribleeffectsonourexamsandwearealleagertogetridofthem.　　Firstofall,inmyopinion,it’simportantforustohaveafightattitudetowardsexams.Theyareonlyameansofcheckinghowwearegettingalongwithourstudies,sothereisnoneedtoworrytoomuchabouttheresults.Studyhardeverydayandmakecarefulplansforeveryexam.Inthiswaywecanavoidsufferingfromthepressureofexams.　　Besides,enoughsleepcanmakeusenergeticandenableustoperformwellinanexam.Therefore,duringtheperiodofexams,weshouldnotstayuptoolate.Wecanalsotryawarmbathoracupofwarmmilkbeforegoingtobed.Theymighthelpustohaveasoundsleep.　　(We’dbettergooutforawalkordosomeoutdoorexercisesbeforeandduringanexamsothatwecankeepourselvesrelaxedandthenconcentrateourselvesonexams.)专题2：有关环保问题一）词汇和短语：83dustbin垃圾桶plastic塑料制品environmentpollution环境污染environmentalconservation环境保护environmentalreform环境改造净化purification干净neat循环recycle节能energysaving无污染notpolluted新科技advancedtechnology水土保持conservationofwaterandsoil生态农业environment-friendlyagriculture;eco-agriculture水资源保护区waterresourceconservationzone全民义务植树日NationalTree-PlantingDay防风林windbreaks（防沙林sandbreaks）开发可再生资源developrenewableresources环保产品environment-friendlyproducts自然保护区naturereserve保护生存环境conservenaturalhabitats濒危野生动物endangeredwildlife自然生态系统naturalecosystems清洁能源cleanenergy温室效应greenhouseeffect电动汽车cell-drivenvehicles;batterycars废水：waste/pollutedwater废气：waste/pollutedgas白色污染：whitepollution全球变暖：globalwarming环保产品：environment-friendlyproducts保护环境：protecttheenvironment83\n减少污染：reducepollution垃圾：rubbish保持生态平衡keepthebalanceoftheeco-system.83二）常用句子：1.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,carsmakegreatnoisesandgiveoffpoisonousgas.2.Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandforourlatergenerations.3.Lawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution.4.Measureshavebeentakentocopewiththeseproblemsbythegovernment.5.Massivedestructionofenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevencausesagreatthreattoman'sexistence.三）书面表达训练题：1.朗读并背诵下面文章Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Forexample,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffbyfactories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishcarelesslydisposed.Pollutionis,infact,threateningourexistence.    Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandforourlatergenerations.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Measureshavebeentakentocopewiththeseproblemsbythegovernment.Lawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution.Ihopetheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfutureandourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter.  全世界的环境问题变得越来越严重。例如汽车污染的空气影响了人们的呼吸，工厂释放污染的气体，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排人河里。另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。事实上，污染正威胁我们的生存。   地球是我们的家园，我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾好它。庆幸的是，愈来愈多的人们已经意识到这些问题。政府已经采取了很多措施去解决这些问题，法律已被通过以制止污染。我希望这些问题在不远的将来能得到解决，我们的家园变得越来越好。     Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,carsmakegreatnoisesandgiveoffpoisonousgas.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdown,andwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishcarelesslydisposed.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestructionofenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevencausesagreatthreattoman'sexistence.    Wemustfacethesituationthatexistsandtakeactionstosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Forinstance,newlawsmustbepassedtoplacestrictcontroloverindustrialpollution,thepublicmustreceivetheeducationaboutthehazardofpollutionandsoon.Wehopethatallthesemeasureswillbeeffectiveandbringbackahealthfulenvironment.   83\n全世界的环境问题在变得越来越严重。随着工农业的发展，汽车制造噪音、排放毒气，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排入河里。另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。整个地球生态平衡正在改变，环境的巨大破坏已带来负面影响，甚至对人类生存带来巨大威胁。   我们必须面对现实，采取行动解决环境问题。例如必须通过新的法律严格控制工业污染问题，大众必须接受污染危害的教育等。我们希望这些措施的有效实施能带给我们一个健康的环境。2.如今世界粮食短缺，价格飞涨，给部分地区造成社会动荡。假设在你校开展的研究性学习中，你们小组以“WorldFoodCrisis”为题进行研究，现在请你代表你们小组向全体同学简要介绍你们的研究成果。主要内容如下：　　造成的原因1.气候变化，造成粮食减产　2.工业发展，城市化加速，耕地减少　　3.世界能源价格上涨，使用粮食生产生物燃料　　应对的措施1.注重环保，改善生态2.严格保护耕地3.富国支持穷国，促进世界和谐你如何做出自己的贡献1．……2．……　　注意：1.内容包括以上要点，但不要逐句翻译　　2.字数150左右，文章开头已提供，不计入总词数　　3.参考词汇：城市化urbanization生物燃料biofuels　　Hello,everyone,　　NowI’lltellyousomethingaboutourresearchprojectTheWorldFoodCrisisonbehalfofourgroup.Asyouknow,foodshortageshavehitmanycountriesintheworldandevencausedsocialunrestinsomeareas.______________________________________________________________________________________范文(Onepossibleversion)　　Hello,everyone,　　NowI’lltellyousomethingaboutourresearchprojectTheWorldFoodCrisisonbehalfofourgroup.Asyouknow,foodshortageshavehitmanycountriesintheworldandevencausedsocialunrestinsomeareas.Butwhoisresponsibleforthecurrentworldfoodcrisis?First,annualworldgrainsoutputhasdeclinedbecauseofclimatechange.Thenlotsoffarmlandhasbeenlostduetotherapiddevelopmentofindustryandurbanization.Besides,facedwiththerisingenergyprices,peoplehaveturnedtotheproductionofbiofuels,whichhasworsenedtheseveresituation.　　Thenwhatshouldwedotodealwiththeproblem?Ononehand,weshouldfocusontheenvironmentalprotectionandimprovetheecology.Ontheotherhand,strictmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectfarmland.Ofcourse,tobuildaharmoniousworldthedevelopedcountriesshouldtaketheirresponsibilitiestohelpthepooronesexperiencingfoodshortage.　　Asforme,Iwillcallonthepeoplearoundmetolivethriftily.Andforthemoment,Ithink,weshouldstudyhardtodevelopscienceandhelpsolvethefoodshortageinthefuture.3.假设你是一位生活在某城市的中学生．暑假打算去乡村度假．请根据下面两幅图提供的信息，写一篇短文．简要说明城市生活环境的不足，重点说明你去乡村度假的原因．83\n注意：1．短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息，井做适当发挥，使短文内容连贯、完整；2．词数：100左右．__________________________________________________________________________________________Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.Althoughthecityismodernandconvenient,therearestillsomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdednessandnoise.InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.Treesaregreenandbirdsaresinging.Icanalsogoboating,fishingandswimminginthelake,What’smore,Icanclimbthehills.Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodformyhealth.Aboveall,Icanlearnmoreaboutnature.SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.I’mlookingforwardtothecomingofmysummerholiday.(114words)专题3：有关电脑和网络话题一）词汇和短语：83makestheworldsmallerpositiveimpactsnegativeimpactsbeburiedintheadvantagesoftheInternetshareinterestingknowledgeandthelatestinformationprovideamajoropportunitytobuyandsellgoodsenjoybeautifulmusic andwatchwonderfulmoviesbyusingthecomputerbeaddictedtocomputergamesbebadforbothourstudyandhealthgoshoppingonlinefreelyathomesurftheInternetplaycomputergames二）常用句子：1.Whatismore.easiertouseandworkfasterandfasternowhelpsuslearnmoreusefulknowledgeandgetmore information.2.Inawordtherearetwosidestoeverything.3.互联网有助于结交朋友，通过网上聊天，学生们能自由地表达思想感情，甚至得到利于外语学习方面的帮助。TheInternethelpsmakemanyfriends.Chattingonline,studentscanmorefreelyexpresstheirfeelingsandopinions,andevengethelpwiththeirforeignlanguagestudies.4.他可以利用电脑做许多事情。Withthecomputer,hecandoalotofwork.83\n5.李华现在已经学会了如何操作电脑。LiHuahasnowlearnedsowellhowtooperateoncomputers.三）书面表达训练题：1.请你以“MyFavoriteWebsite”为主题,用英语写一篇短文,介绍“中学学科网站”(ZXXK.com),短文应包括下面表格中所提供的内容。网站名称ZXXK.com(中学学科网)。主要目的中学各个学科教与学，提高教学水平。获取各种学科信息。版面内容中学各个学科全、新、快的教学资源，及各科试卷。网站特色图文并茂，生动有趣。效果广为人知，深受广大师生喜爱。注意：1、字数100-120字。2、开头以给出。MyFavoriteWebsiteZXXK.comismyfavoritewebsite……________________________________________________MyFavoriteWebsiteZXXK.comismyfavoritewebsite,whichincludesvarietiesofcomplete,newandfastteachingandlearningmaterials.Ithasdifferentsectionsaboutteachingandlearningofthemajorsubjectsinmiddleschools.Thepurposeofitistoimprovetheskillsofteachingandtheabilityoflearning.Especially,itprepareslotsofpapersfortheteachersandstudents.Atthesametime,ithasplentyofbeautifulpicturesandinterestingarticlesinit.Besides,Icangetmuchmoreinformationaboutdifferentsubjects.ZXXK.comisverypopularwithteachersandstudents.Idoloveit.(99words)2.目前，GG、MM、XiaMi等网络语言已成为许多青少年的口头禅，并出现在家庭作业、报告，甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请以ShouldInternetSlangBeProhibited?为题，根据下表内容写一篇120左右的短文。一些同学认为另一些同学认为1.网络语言生动、时尚2.网络语言充满幽默与智慧3.能使网上聊天更快捷1.网络语言缺乏深刻的思想性，太简单2.还没有普及到被大部分人理解和接受3.过多的使用会使人不解甚至误解你的观点注意：1、文章起始句已给出。2、词数：120左右（起始句不计字数）Atpresent,InternetSlang,suchas“GG”,“MM”,“XiaMi”,hasbecomemanyteenagers’petphrases,appearingintheirhomework,reports,andevencompositionsintheNationalEntranceExam.________________Atpresent,InternetSlang,suchas“GG”,“MM”,“XiaMi”,hasbecomemanyteenagers’petphrases,appearingintheirhomework,reports,andevencompositionsintheNationalEntranceExam.TherearedifferentopinionsonInternetSlang.SomestudentsthinkInternetSlangisvivid,fashionableand83\nfullofhumorandintelligence.Besides,itmakeschattingontheInternetquicker.However,someotherstudentsthinkInternetSlanglacksdepthofthoughtanditistoosimple.Aboveall,itisstillnotsopopularastobeunderstoodandacceptedbymostpeople.Ifthewordsareusedtoooften,peoplewilljustbeconfused,andsometimesresultinginmisunderstanding.Inmyopinion,therearealwaystwosidestoeverything.LivingintheInformationAge,ifwedon’tknowtheseInternetSlang,weseemtolagbehindthetimes.ItwillbeOKaslongasthesetermsareusedcorrectlyinpropersituations.(153words)专题4：有关交友的话题一）常用单词：83help(vt./n.)support(vt./n.)understand-understood-understood(vt.)share(v./n.)develop(vt)improve(v.)active(adj.)passive(adj.)positive(adj.)negative(adj.)lively(adj.)lovely(adj.)energetic(adj.)enthusiastic(adj.)passion(n.)considerate(adj.)thoughtful(adj.)overcome(vt.)makefriendswithsomebodybeongood/badtermswithsomebodygeton/alongwell/badlywithsomebodydevelopa(good)friendshipwithsomebodybeinagood/badmoodbeinhigh/lowspiritstalkwithsomebodyaboutsomethingcommunicatesomethingwithsomebodysharesomethingwithsomebodysharewithsomebodysomethinggivesomebodyahandhelpsomebodywithsomethinghelpsomebody(to)dosomethingkeepsomebodycompanyaccompanysomebodymake(great)progressbeconsiderateofsomebodybeconsiderateofsomething]havesome/nodifficultywithsomethinghavesome/nodifficulty(in)doingsomethingconsider/regard/treat/lookonsomebodyas…getover83二）常用句子：三）书面表达训练题：1.Shouldstudentsmakefriendsonline？(学生应该网上交友吗?)人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观并表达自己的看法。（江西2005）赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法83\n1.广交朋友1.浪费时间2.可自由表达思想2.影响学习3.利于外语学习3.可能上当受骗注意：1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容。2.词数为100左右。3.参考词汇：网络朋友on-linefriends（s），上当受骗tobecheated.★参考答案　　Shouldstudentsmakefriendsonline？Somepeoplesayyes.Theinternethelpsmakemanyfriends.Chattingonline，studentscanmorefreelyexpresstheirfeelingsandopinions，andevengethelpwiththeirforeignlanguagestudies.Others，however，thinkstudentsshouldnot.Theysaymakingfriendsonlineisawasteoftime，whichshouldbespentmoremeaningfullyonstudy.Besides，somestudentsgetcheatedonline.Itismyopinionthatstudentsshouldplacetheirstudy，healthandsafetybeforeotherthings.Asforfriendship，wecanreadilyfinditinourclassmatesandotherpeoplearoundus.2.OnMakingFriends请以OnMakingFriends为题写一篇短文，要点如下，字数不少于120。1．每个人都有朋友。2．真正的友谊建立在相互信任的基础上。3．你的做法。OnMakingFriendsIfIaskyou:"Doyouhavefriends?"Youmightsmileandanswer,"Sure,Ido!"Yes,everyoneofusneedsfriendsandweallhavefriends.Friendsarelikesmallboatsthattakeustosafeharbors.Friendsareliketreesthatgiveusshadeinhotsummerdays.Truefriendshipdependsonmutualtrust.Truefriendsalwayshelpandlearnfromeachother,buttheynevertroubleeachotherwithtrifles.Atruefriendwillkeepasecretforyouandsowillyouforhim.Truefriendsmaynotsharethesamewayoflife,buttheyarelikelytosharethesamewayofthinking.Truefriendsnevertakeadvantageofeachother.Inaword,truefriendsarefriendsthroughthickandthin.Iappreciatethekindoffriendshipmentionedabove.Iadheretotheprincipleofmakingfriendswiththosewhoarehonestandreliable,thatistosay,friendsshouldbetrustableanddependable.4.A friend in need is a friend indeed.是一句谚语。请根据自己的理解和经验，参考所给的汉语提示，以《交友之道》为题写篇短文,不少于120字。 要点提示： 1．每个人都需要朋友，如何交友极为重要。 2．要交朋友，首先对别人要友好。微笑是吸引别人的吸铁石 (magnet)。 3．要使陌生人不管在何处，都能感到你的亲切。要关心别人胜过关心自己，不要以貌取人。 4．设法记住别人的姓名。 83\n5．与别人有分歧时，不要争吵，要商讨。 6．不要相信那些在危机时刻背离朋友的人，因为“患难的朋友才是真正的朋友”。  WaysofMakingFriendsEveryone needs friends, so how to make true friends is very important to anybody. To make friends, youmust be friendly to others. A smile is like a magnet that draws people. Smile at others and you are always sure to get a smile in return. You should do your best to make a stranger feel at home, no matter where he happens to be. Think as you are in his position. Try to remember others' names, which will make them feel that they have made an impression on you. If you don't agree with others on certain matter, don't argue but discuss with them. You should think more of others than of yourselves.Finally, don't believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”专题5：假期安排一）词汇和短语：83changeone’smindmakeupone’smindhaveamatchthesummerholidaysonholidaytheSpringFestivalatthefootofthemountainafrequentvisitorafreshhand83二）常用句子：1.星期六晚上，学生会要举办晚会欢迎澳大利亚朋友。TheStudentsUnionwillholdapartytowelcomesomeAustralianfriendsonSaturdayevening.2．我们很高兴星期六你将来参加我们的活动。We’regladthatyou’lltakepartinouractivitiesonSaturday.3．那天我和弟弟骑自行车去历史博物馆。ThatdaymybrotherandIwenttotheHistoryMuseumbybike.4.今天我们参观了一家钢铁厂。Wevisitedasteelfactorytoday.5．去年寒假，我和爸爸同去乡下看望奶奶。Lastwintervacation,Iwenttothecountrysidetovisitmygrandmotherwithmyfather.6.7月22日星期天我们将分四个组参观。We’llbedividedintofourgroupsforourvisitonSunday,July22.7.我们大学办有分为从初级到高级三个层次的暑假汉语班。OuruniversityrunssummerChineselanguagecoursesatthreelevels,frombeginningtoadvanced8.一大清早我们就在校门附近的公共汽车站集合，然后一同前往该厂。83\nWegatheredatthebus-stopnearourschoolgateearlyandthenwewenttothefactorytogether.9.我很高兴应邀参加7月中旬的英语夏令营活动。I’mverygladtobeinvitedtotheEnglishsummercampinthemiddleofJuly.10.欢迎大家参加明天的活动。Youareallwelcometotakepartintheactivitiestomorrow.11.晚会将于星期六晚7：30开始。Thepartywillbeginat7:30onSaturdayevening.12.农场大门口，农场工人们热烈欢迎我们。Thefarmworkersgaveusawarmwelcomeatthegateoftheirfarm.13.我知道学校将在上午为你们组织许多活动，但下午我会带你到处走走，参观一些风景名胜。Iknowtheschoolwillorganizealotofthingsforyoutodointhemorning,butintheafternoon.I’llshowyouaroundandtakeyoutosomeplacesofinterest.14.我希望能参加英语讲座，从中获得有关英美文化的更多信息。I’dliketoattendtheEnglishlectures,fromwhichIcangetmoreinformationonBritishandAmericanculture.15.请你们今晚9：00之前到服务台签名，说明你选定的参观地点。Pleasegettotheservicedeskbefore9:00pm.andwritedownthevisitingplaceyouchoose.16.我们明天早饭后8：00出发。Weshallsetoffateighto’clockafterbreakfasttomorrow.17.时间过得快。不知不觉就到了我们向农场工人说再见的时候了。Timepassedquicklybeforeweknewitandwehadtosaygood-byetothefarmworkers.三）书面表达训练题1.假设你是李红，你的一位美国笔友Robert写E-mail问及你高考后暑假的安排，请根据以下要点，写一封100词左右的email回复他,可以适当增加细节。　　1.学开车2.参加英语培训课程3.去北京看奥运会4.游览北京的名胜　　注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；3.词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。　　DearRobert,　　Howtimeflies!_____________________________________________________　写作提示:　写作要点包括：1）问候；2）引入话题：高考临近，高考后的安排；3）学开车；4）参加英语培训课程；5）去北京看奥运会；6）游览北京的名胜；7）结束语。　　书面表达一定要注意要点齐全，写作中要注意适当增加细节以使上下文连贯，并使用一定数量的句式结构。　　范文(Onepossibleversion)　　DearRobert:83\n　　Howtimeflies!Thehappydayswesharedoftenshinesinmymemory.Whataboutyou?Asyouknow,mycollegeentranceexamisapproaching,whichalsoannouncestheendofthissortofpressingstudylife.However，Iintendtohaveameaningfulsummervacation.First,Iwilllearntodrivetogetadrivinglicense,whichisanewactivityforahighschoolgraduateinChina.Iwillhaveagoodrest,enjoyingmyhobbies.ThenIwilltakesomeEnglishcoursestoimprovemyEnglishcommunicationability,Withthe2008Olympicsbeginning,Iwillbeaparticipantofit,watchingthebasketballmatchbetweenChinaandtheUS.IhavebeendreamingofKobe’sperformancelong.Afterthat,Iwillpayavisittosometouristattractionstowidenmyhorizon.　　Thatistheplanformyvacation.Iamlookingforwardtobeingtoldaboutyourarrangementsofvacation.Givemeyourquickreplysoon,OK?Bestwishes!Yours,LiHong2.假定你是李明，去年时期曾赴美国加州帕萨迪那市的一所中学进行短期参观访向，住在Peter家。今年寒假Peter要来北京，将住在你家。请根据下列信息给Peter发个电邮件。内容到京到机场接机，举办欢迎家宴活动参观长城等名胜古迹到场欣赏中国民乐新年音乐会游览繁华市区、购物希望如行程允许，在北京过春节注意：1．词数不少于60；2．对紧扣主题的发挥不予扣分；3．开头与结尾已为你写好。January26th,2007Hi!It’sLiMinghere.Gladtolearnyou’recomingtoBeijing,China.Ibelievewewillhavemuchfuntogether.WELL,SEEYASOON.BYE!LLiMing内容要点：1．接机、家宴；2．游览长城、市区及购物；3．欣赏新年音乐会；4．希望共渡春节January26th,2007Hi!It’sLiMinghereagain.Gladtolearnyou’recomingtoBeijinginacoupleofdays.MyfamilyandIarelookingforwardtoyourvisitandwearesogladyoucanstaywithuswhileyouareinBeijing.Wehavegoteverythingreadyforyousoastomakeyoufeelathome.Onthedayyouarrive,myfatherandIwillmeetyouattheairportandintheeveningwewillhaveanicedinnerpartyathome,I’msureyouwilllikeallthedeliciousChinesefood.Duringthefollowingdays,IwillshowyouaroundmanyplacesofinterestinBeijing,includingtheGreat83\nWall,whichisregardedasoneofthesevenwondersoftheworld.WewillspendsometimetouringarounddowntownBeijing,suchasWangfujing,XidanandQianmen,whereyoucandosomeshoppingifyoulike.Ofcourse,asitisthelargestoneintheworld,Tian’anmenSquareisascenicspotwecan’tmiss.Anotherexcitingmomentwewillshareisgoingtothe2007NewYearConcertgivenbyChinaNationalTraditionalOrchestra,whichisheldatfamousViennaGoldenHall,AustriaduringtheChineseSpringFestivaleveryyear.TheSpringfestival,likethecarnivalsinwesterncountries,isaspecialjoyous/joyfuloccasionofcelebrationforChineseaswellasothermanyAsians.IfyoucanstayinBeijinglongenough,youwillbeabletosharethepleasureofitwithus.Ibelievewewillhavemuchfuntogether.WELL,SEEYASON,BYR!LiMing3.假设你是李华。你在澳大利亚笔友John计划在2月18日至24日来北京旅游，希望你帮他安排住处和活动内容，请根据以下内容给他回一封100词左右的信。信的开头及结尾已为你写好。1．可以住你家，你哥哥恰好此期间外出。2．主要活动内容：长城（一天），北海公园和你的学校（一天），故宫和天安门（一天），购物或做其他（一天）。3．可去机场迎接，希望告知抵达的时间和航班。参考词汇：颐和园—theSummerPalace天安门theTian’anmenSquare故宫—theForbiddenCity北海公园BeihaiParkDearJohn,I’msogladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoBeijing.DearJohn,I’msogladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoBeijing.Itsohappensthatmybrotherwillbeawayonbusinessthrough18–24,soyoucanstaywithusifyoulike.I’vemadea5–dayscheduleforyou:theGreatWall（on18,Day1）,BeihaiParkandmyschool（Day2）,theSummerPalace（Day3）,theForbiddenCityandtheTian’anmenSquare（Day4）.NothingspecialisplannedforDay5.Youcandosomeshoppingorsomethingelse.PleasetellmethedateofyourarrivalandyourflightnumbersoIcanmeetyouattheairport.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyouinBeijing.专题6：事故、火灾、抢劫、车祸等话题一）词汇和短语：83cause8deathsand3missingpersonsmillionsofloseone’slifejustthenanhourorso83二）常用句子：1.那是2000年2月8日上午7：15发生的事情。Itwas7:15onthemorningofFebruary8,2000.2.在马路上行走时，请记住行人靠右。如果骑车上学，你必须有骑车许可证明。Whenyouarewalkingontheroad,pleaseremembertokeeptotheright,andifyouwanttogotoschoolbybike,youmusthaveabicyclepermit.3.当时，我还在ParkRoad道上向东走，这时一位老者从街对面的公园走出来。IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhenanoldmancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.第三部分：专题分类训练83\n专题1：对比类写作要点对比类写作已成为英语书面表达中一个非常重要的形式。1999年高考题要求学生根据所给图画介绍学校三年间的新变化；2001年高考题要求学生比较减负前后的学习情况；2002年高考题要求学生比较“公园要不要收门票”的两种不同观点；2004年北京春季高考要求学生根据所给图画比较过去和现在的生活变化情况。不管在工作学习中还是在日常生活中，对比是人们分析问题和解决问题的重要方法和手段，这就不难理解为什么对比类写作是高考写作中的一个重要形式。对比类写作一般有两种方式：一是集中比较或对比（集中说明一个对象的诸种特征）；二是逐点比较或对比（一条一条地说明两者的异同）。对比类写作可以大致分为以下几种：一、正反观点类的文章：一）单词和短语：discussvtdiscussionndebaten/vtarguevargumentnwhether83\nconjhaveaheateddiscussionaboutwhether….Theargumentonwhether…1.就某人看来:inone’sopinionIthinkpersonally.2.支持/反对某人的观点：shareone’sopinionholddifferentviewsbeinfavorofbefor/againstholdtheoppositeopinionagreewithsbagreetodosthagreethatclausesupportsb/sthquarrelwithsbabout/oversth3.调查makeasurveyinvestigatevt4.导致….leadtoresultin5.让某人做某事:causesbtodosthforcesbtodosthmakesbdosthhavesbdo/doing/donesthhavesthtodo6.对….有影响/好处….haveagood/badeffectonsb/sthdosbgood/harm/damage=dogood/harm/damagetosbbeharmfulforsb83\n7.使某人放松makesbrelaxed8.喜欢(做)某事prefertodoAratherthandoBpreferdoingAtodoingBpreferAtoBwouldratherdoAthandoB9.达成一致的意见reach/cometoanagreementthatclause10.增加知识/眼见increaseone’sknowledgebroadenone’shorizon11.表示列举:first,second,third…../firstly,secondly,thirdly……partly………partly……foronereason……foranotherreason……firstofallwhat’smorehavemorereasonsforsthforonething…..foranotherthing……..besideswhileononehand…..ontheotherhandmeanwhileatthesametime二）句型：83\n1．正反观点对比常用句型(1)Wehaveadiscussionaboutsth、doing、whethersbshoulddosth…我们对……进行了一次讨论。We’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks.(2)Wehavehadasurveyon…我们对……开展了一次调查。We’vehadasurveyonwhetherstudentsshouldbeallowedtocarrymobilephonestoschools.(3)Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.在这个问题上意见有分歧。(4)Opinionsaremainlydividedintotwogroups.有两种不同意见。(5)Othershavedifferentopinions.其他人有不同看法。(6)Sixtypercentofthestudentsarefortheidea,83\nwhilefortypercentofthestudentsthinkotherwise.有60%的学生支持这个观点，然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。(7)Sixtypercentofthestudentsthinkitnecessaryto…,butfortypercentofthestudentsdon’tthinkso.60%的学生认为……是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。(8)Ontheonehand,…Ontheotherhand,…一方面……，另一方面……在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：(1)What’smore,…还有就是……What’smore,wecangetagoodknowledgeofthecultureandsocialcustomsofthecountrywherewestudy,aswellasimproveourEnglish.(2)Besides,…除此之外……Somestudentscannotdisciplinethemselves.Besides,it’sfartooexpensivetostudyabroad,whichisaloadtothefamily.83\n2．表示原因1）Therearethreereasonsforthis．2）Thereasonsforthisareasfollows．3）Thereasonforthisisobvious．4）Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek．5）Thereasonforthisisthat．．．6）Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat例如：Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife．Firstly，people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved．Secondly，mostpeoplearewellpaid，andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike．Lastbutnotleast，moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife．3．表示好处1）Ithasthefollowingadvantages．2）It83\ndoesusalotofgood．3）Itbenefitsusquitealot．4）Itisbeneficialtous．5）Itisofgreatbenefittous．例如：Booksarelikefriends．Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter，andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons．Therefore，readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous．4．表示坏处1）Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages．2）Itdoesusmuchharm．3）Itisharmfultous．三）作文模板A.对比观点题型（1）83\n要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1．有一些人认为。。。2．另一些人认为。。。3．我的看法。。。Thetopicof①-----------------（主题）isbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently.Therearetwosidesofopinionsaboutit.SomepeoplesayAistheirfavorite.Theyholdtheirviewforthereasonof②-----------------（支持A的理由一）Whatismore,③-------------理由二).Moreover,④---------------(理由三).WhileothersthinkthatBisabetterchoiceinthefollowingthreereasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly83\n(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).Frommypointofview,Ithink⑧----------------（我的观点）.Thereasonisthat⑨--------------------(原因).Asamatteroffact,therearesomeotherreasonstoexplainmychoice.Forme,theformerissurelyawisechoice.（2）   给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Somepeoplebelievethat①----------------（观点一）.Forexample,theythink②-----------------（举例说明）．Anditwillbringthem③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).Inmyopinion,Ineverthinkthisreasoncanbethepoint.Foronething,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).Foranotherthing,⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．　　FromallwhatIhavesaid,Iagreetothethoughtthat⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．B.阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．１．   阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．２．   分析并举例使其更充实．Thegoodoldproverb----------------（名言或谚语）remindsusthat----------------(释义).Indeed,wecanlearnmanythingsformit.Firstofall,-----------------(理由一).Forexample,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Anothercaseisthat---------------(举例说明).Furthermore,------------------(理由三)．Inmyopinion,----------------(我的观点).Inshort,whateveryoudo,pleaserememberthesay------A.Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,you’llnecessarilybenefitalotfromit.四）范文：1．2002年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。60%的同学认为40%的同学认为83\n1、不应收门票2、公园是公众休闲的地方3、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象1、应收门票，但票价不宜高2、支付园林工人工资3、购新花木注意：   1、信的开头已为你写好。2、词数：100左右。3、参考词汇：门票：entrancefee002年高考题范文DearEditor,I'mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwe'vehadaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks(提出问题).Opinionsaredividedonthequestion(过渡句).60％ofthestudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefee.Theybelieveapublicparkshouldbefreeofcharge(观点一).Peopleneedaplacewheretheycanrestandenjoythemselves.Changingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway(论据一).Whatismore,itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls,whichwilldoharmtotheappearanceofacity(论据二).83\nOntheotherhand,40％thinkthatfeesshouldbecharged(观点二)becauseyouneedmoneytopaygardenersandotherworkers(论据一),andtobuyplantsandyoungtrees(论据二).Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.YourstrulyLiHua2．假设你是李华。最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险的意义。请结合下表内容，给校报用英语写一篇文章，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。一些同学赞同一些同学反对你自己的观点●获得新的知识●耗资巨大●？●从太空取得新资源●宇航员的安全问题●扩大人类的生存空间注意：1.字数：80－120。2.标题与开头已写好，不计入总词数。OuterSpaceExplorations,YESorNO?Wehadanargumentoverwhetheritwasnecessarytocarryoutouterspaceexplorationsataclassmeetingtheotherday.参考范文:OuterSpaceExplorations,YESorNO?Wehadanargumentoverwhetheritwasnecessarytocarryoutouterspaceexplorationsataclassmeetingtheotherday.Someofushelditimportanttoresearchtheouterspacebecause,firstofall,peoplecangetabetterunderstandingoftheouterspacethroughtheirexploration.Second,newresourcescanbefoundthereforhumanuse.Third,thisexplorationcanpossiblybringaboutnewlivingspaceforhumanlife.83\nHowever,othersthinkverydifferently.Theysaidthiskindofexplorationismuchtoocostly.Besides,itisverydangerousforastronautstodosuchwork.Inmyopinion,peopleshouldbepioneering,andthereforesuchexplorationsintotheouterspaceareworthtryingout.Yours,LiHua3.【题目要求】假设你叫李华,你班同学参加了某报社组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：城市内是否可以豢养宠物（如狗和猫）。请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社投稿，介绍讨论情况，并说明自己的观点和建议。反对饲养宠物的同学认为支持饲养宠物的同学认为1．造成环境污染2．吵闹声，甚至伤人1．安慰孤寡老人2．人与动物和谐相处，增添生活情趣注意：1.信的开头以为你写好。2.词数100左右。DearEditor，Recentlywehavehadaheateddiscussiononwhetherpeopleshouldkeeppetsathomeincities.【写作解析】(1)审题:这是书信体,时态应该以现在时态为主,使用第一人称.(2)内容:城市内是否可以豢养宠物.【参考范文】DearEditor，Recentlywehavehadaheateddiscussiononwhetherpeopleshouldkeeppetsathomeincities.Somestudentsthinkit’sagoodideatokeeppetsbecausemanyoldpeoplewholivealonecangetsomecomfortfrompets.Besides,gettingonwellwithanimalswillmakeourlifeinteresting.Onthecontrary,theotherstudentsareagainsttheidea.Intheiropinions,iftoomanypeoplekeeppetsathome,itisbadfortheenvironment.Worsestill,petsmaymaketoomuchnoiseandevenattackpeople.Ilikeanimals,soIdon’tthinkit’sbadtokeeppetsathome.Butwemusttakesomemeasurestopreventthemfrompollutingourenvironment.Yourssincerely,LiHua4.【题目要求】最近,你班试行在课间播放音乐,同学们对此私下议论,看法不一。请你根据下表的信息，给班主任Mr.Edward写一封100词左右的信,客观地介绍大家的看法.大多数同学认为部分同学认为1.播放音乐能活跃气氛1.课间时间太短,播放音乐达不到预期效果2.能使大脑得到放松,缓解学习的疲劳2.课间需要的是安静,而不是嘈杂的声音83\n3.能给大家带来欢乐和美的享受3.有时上课后还沉浸在课间的音乐中【参考范文】DearMr.Edward,Recentlywehavecarriedoutthesuggestiontoplaymusicduringtheclassbreak,andthestudentshavehadmanyprivatetalksaboutit.Theiropinionsmainlyfallintotwogroups.Mostofusagreethatmusicshouldbeplayed.Asweknow,musiccanproducealivelyandhappyatmosphere.Besides,musicbringsusrelaxationafterhardstudy,whichreducesthetiredness.Listeningtomusicalsomakesfeelhappy.Ontheotherhand,somestudentsdisagree.Intheiropinion,theycan’tgettheexpectedresultfromlisteningtomusic,asthebreakbetweenclassesistooshort.Whatisneededduringthebreakispeaceinsteadofnoiseproducedbythemusic.Inaddition,inclasssomestudentsarestilllostinthemusictheyhaveheardduringthebreak.Everyours,LiHua5.【题目要求】目前,学校存在部分学生抄袭作业的现象。请就这个话题谈谈你的看法。标题是“Myopiniononcopyingothers’homework”。内容要点如下：主要原因个人看法1．作业量达、偏难2．对功课不感兴趣、懒惰3．完成任务，取悦老师1．抄袭不对，违反校规2．要诚实，勤奋学习3．有困难可请教同学和老师注意：1.作文必须包括所有要点,可适当发挥；2.作文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数；3.词数:100左右。Myopiniononcopyingothers’homeworkIt’sknowntousallthatsomestudentscopyothers’homework….Myopiniononcopyingothers’homeworkIt’sknowntousallthatsomestudentscopyothers’homework.Asstudents,wehavetodoplentyofhomeworkbothathomeandatschool,butsometimeswehavetoomuchhomeworkwhichisdifficultforus.Ontheotherhand,somestudentsarelazy,andarenotinterestedintheirlessons,nordotheirworkhard.Soinordertofinishtheassignmentsandpleasetheirteachers,somestudentscopyothers’homework.Inmyopinion,itiswrongtocopyothers’homeworkbecauseitbreakstheschoolregulations.Weshouldbehonestandtrytofinishourhomeworkbyourselvesinsteadofbycopying.Eventhoughyouhavetroubledoingyourhomeworkyoucanaskyourclassmatesorteachersforhelp.6.【题目要求】在日前召开的两会上“建设社会主义新农村”成为热点话题。请你根据下列提示，以“NewSocialistCountrysideintheFuture”为题描绘一下未来“社会主义新农村”的蓝图。字数120左右。内容83\n许多农业技术现代化了，科学家帮助农民使用最新科技，增加农业产量，又不损害环境有知识，懂科技，知法律，会管理收入增加，住房改善，环境整洁优美子女接受免费义务教育，医疗等保障系统不断完善……【参考范文】NewSocialistCountrysideintheFutureWiththeeffortandsupportfromthegovernmentinmanyaspects,anewsocialistcountrysidewillappearinChina.Therewillbemorenewfarmerswithbasicknowledgeofscienceandtechnology,lawsandmanagement.Manyfarmingtechniqueswillhavebeenmodernized.Withthehelpofscientists,farmerswillusethelatesttechnologiestoincreaseagriculturalproductionwithoutharmingtheenvironment.Asaresult,yearlyincomesoffarmerswillbeincreasedwhileatthesametime,theirhousingconditionswillbeimproved.Peopleinthenewcountrysidewillenjoyaclean,tidyandorderlyenvironment.Inaddition,thegovernmentwillprovidefreecompulsoryeducationtoruralkidsandanimprovedmedicalcaresystemforfarmers.Asastudent,weshouldstudyhardtobewellpreparedforthefutureconstructionofthenewsocialistcountryside,inordertomakeourcountrymorebeautifulandpowerful.7.【题目要求】环境污染包括很多,噪音污染是其中之一。现以NoisePollution为题，写一篇文章，以呼吁社会，采取积极措施。要点如下：问题危害措施噪音到处都有，可有人认为噪音不会造成严重问题实际上噪音对人的身心健康会造成很大危害我们应该采取积极措施防治噪音污染要求：1.可适当拓展所给内容,不可逐条翻译；2.词数100左右。【参考范文】NoisePollutionInmoderncitiestherearenoiseseveryone.Butpeopleseemtogetusedtothesenoises.Theydonottakemuchnoticetotheseunpleasantsoundsaroundthem.Thereforepeopleneverbelievethesesoundswillbeaseriousproblem.However,theyarewrong.Infactnoisecandogreatharmtopeople’sphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Stayinginanoisycircumstancefortoolongwillnotonlydamagepeople’shearingbutonlycausediscomfortoftheirbody,andalsotheywillfeelnervousandlosetempereasily.Sincenoiseisaseriousproblem,measuresmustbetakentocontrolit.Lawsandregulationsshouldbepassedtoreducethenoisesinthecity.Onlyinthiswaycannoisepollutionbebroughtundercontrol.8.【题目要求】本周你班主题班会的议题是“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗?”,83\n请你根据下列同学们的观点写一篇短文,并阐述自己的观点。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头语已给出。参考要点：1.认为应该上大学的同学占60%左右；2.认为无所谓的占30%左右；3.认为不上大学也能成才的占不足10%；4.上大学能增长学识,提高素质,利于择业；5.成功的路不止一条,条条大路通罗马；6.大学学费高,就业难。IsItTheOnlyWayToGoToCollege?Wehadadiscussionaboutwhetheritistheonlywayoutforseniorstudentstogotocollege.Viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.【参考范文】IsItTheOnlyWayToGoToCollege?Wehadadiscussionaboutwhetheritistheonlywayoutforseniorstudentstogotocollege.Viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.Themajorityofstudentsconsideritverynecessarytogotocollege.Theythinkitcanwidentheirknowledgeandimprovetheirqualities.Onlyinthiswaycantheyfindbetterjobsaftergraduation.Veryfewstudentsthinkitnousegoingtouniversity,andthetuitionfeeistoohighfortheirfamilytoafford.What’smore,it’shardforcollegegraduatestoseeksatisfactoryjobs.Thirtypercentofthestudents,however,believe“AllroadsleadtoRome”.Thereforeitdoesn’tmakeanydifferencewhethertheygotocollegeornot.Inmyopinion,wecanreceiveabettereducationatcollegesothatwecanserveourmotherlandbetter.9.【题目要求】湖南怀化学院大学生洪战辉自强不息的精神感动了中国,社会上也对贫困大学生是否应该接受捐助展开了讨论,假如你是某中学学生李华,请你给某报社编辑写一封信反映你们班学生对此的态度,词数100左右,内容包括以下要点:应该接受不应该接受体现社会关爱,学成后汇报社会大学生有自立能力,可以打工挣钱供自己上学,同时还可以获得工作经验没有工作经验,业余时间打工浪费太多精力,应集中精力学习为就业作准备是大学教育内容的一部分【参考范文】DearEditor,Recently,wehavehadadiscussionaboutwhetherpoorcollegestudentsshouldacceptsocialdonations.Differentstudentshavedifferentopinions.Thestudentswhoareforitthinkthathelpingpoorcollegestudentsshowsthecareofoursociety,andthestudentscandevotethemselvestosocietyinreturnaftergraduation.Inthemeantime,thecollegestudentsshouldputtheirheartintotheirstudyinsteadofdoingpart-timejobs,whichwillwastemuchoftheirtime.83\nOntheotherhand,somestudentsinsistthatit’snotrightforpoorstudentstobegivendonations.Theythinkthecollegestudentscansupportthemselvesbydoingpart-timejobsandthatcanhelpthemgetmoreworkingexperience.What’smore,preparingforfutureworkisamainsubjectforthestudentsatcollege.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely,LiHua10.2005年十一月份,吉林石化公司一化工厂爆炸事故导致松花江水污染,哈尔滨全市停水四天,学校停课一周,人们纷纷涌进超市大批购买水和饮料。请简述此次饮水危机事件并就此谈谈你对环境保护的看法与认识。注意：1.词数100左右。2.参考词汇：危机crisisInNovember2005，achemicalplantexplosioninJilinprovinceresultedinwaterpollutioninSonghuaRiver，whichisHarbin’smainwatersource.Asaresult,Harbinhaditswatersupplycutoffforfourdays;Schoolshadtobeclosedforaweek.Peoplewerepouringintosupermarketstobuylargequantitiesofbottledwateranddrinks.Thewatercrisisagainshowstheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Wehaveonlyoneearth.Asamatteroffact,theenvironmentalproblemisnowregional,nationalandglobal,soit’sourdutytomakeeveryefforttoliveinharmonywithnature,otherwisewemaybepunishedbynature.11.目前,越来越多的中学生利用周末上各种各样的培训班或请家教。对于这一现象，存在两种不同观点：有些人认为有必要另一些人认为没有必要1．跟老师学比自己学好2．可以巩固课堂所学内容3．可以学到更多的东西1．容易养成依赖习惯2．学生需要时间休息3．许多培训班和家教以赚钱为目的请你根据以上提示，以IsaTrainingClassorPrivateTeacherNecessary？为题，写一篇120词左右的短文，反映表中内容，并简要阐述自己的观点。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。注意：层次清晰，连贯流畅；表达灵活，不要逐字逐句翻译。IsaTrainingClassorPrivateTeacherNecessary？Moreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsaregoingtoallkindsoftrainingclassesorhavingprivateteachersattheweekend.Therearetwodifferentviewpointsaboutit.【参考范文】IsaTrainingClassorPrivateTeacherNecessary？Moreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsaregoingtoallkindsoftrainingclassesorhavingprivateteachersattheweekend.Therearetwodifferentviewpointsaboutit.Somethinkitnecessary.Firstly,it’smoreeffectivetostudywithateacherthanbyoneself.Secondly,itcanstrengthenwhatislearntinclass.Besides,theycanlearnalotmore.Othersthinkitawasteoftime.Foronething,studentscaneasilyformthehabitofdependence.Foranother,studentsneedtorelaxfromtimetotime.What’smore,thepurposeofmanytrainingclassesorprivateteachersistomakemoney.83\nInmyopinion,whetheratrainingclassoraprivateteacherisneededalldepends.Ifyouarereallyveryweakincertainsubject,maybeit’sokforyou.Butbesuretochooseagoodandsuitableclassorteacher,otherwiseitwouldbeawasteoftimeandmoney.12.随着互联网在社会生活中的广泛应用。它对文学发展的影响也越来越明显。网络的兴起对文学的生存和发展是好的影响还是坏的影响呢？不同的人对此有不同的看法。上周，你校的EnglishLearningClub就此问题在全体高三年级的学生中间展开了一项调查，调查结果如下：意见网络对文学起到了促进作用网络的兴起不利于文学的发展人数（共300人）210人90人理由1网络使更多的人参与到文学创作中去，这使得文学更有生命力。2．网络这种传播途径使好的文学作品更容易被发现并更快地被传播出去。1．网络文学只是一种“快餐文学”。很难出现深刻的、经得起时间考验的经典文学作品。2．网络上的文学作品鱼龙混杂，所谓的网络文学作品并不一定都适合人们阅读请根据以上表格的内容，写一篇短文，包括一下内容：1．调查时间，调查问题以及调查对象。2．不同的意见所占的比例以及理由；3．你自己的看法。要求：1.词数120—150；2.不要逐词翻译。参考范文：Lastweek,theEnglishLearningClubinourschoolmadasurveyamongallthe300Senior3studentson“WhatinfluencetheInternethasonliterature.”Theresultsareasfollows:StudentswhobelievethattheInternethasapositiveinfluencemakeupabout70percentofallthestudentsinterviewed.Intheiropinion,theInternetallowscommonpeopletotakepartinthecreationofliterature,makingliterature-creatingamorepopularphenomenon.Moreover,theInternetmakesiteasyforagoodworktobeknowntothepublic.However,theotherstudentshaveadifferentopinion.TheyarguethattheInternetprovidesonly“fastfoodliterature”andnotalltheworksontheInternetaregoodreadingmaterials.Inmyopinion,theybotharepartlyright.TheInternetisacoinwithtwosideswhenitcomestoliterature.Weshouldmakeuseofthepositivesidetopromotethedevelopmentoftheliteratureandtrytoavoidthebadinfluenceitmaybringatthesametime.Itiswepeoplewhocandecidewhatinfluenceitmayhaveonliterature.13.暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。（06陕西）优 点缺 点呆在家中花费少、适方便不能亲身了解外界83\n外出旅游增长知识、开阔眼界花费多、旅途不便注意：1.短文写在答题卡上的指定区域，词数80-120（不含已写好部分）。2.短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述。3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。4.参考词汇：眼界―horizon(或view)The summer holiday is coming.Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.                   The summer holiday is coming.Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. Someareinfavorofstayingathome.Theythinkit’sbothconvenientandcomfortable.What’smore,theycansavemoneyforotherpurpose.Buttheywilllosethechanceofgettingtoknowtheoutsideworld.However,othersprefertogooutfortravelingsinceitcanincreasetheirknowledgeandbroadentheirhorizons.Buttheywillspendmoremoneyandmeetsomedifficultieswhiletraveling.Inmyopinion,itwouldbemuchbettertostayathomeforIcandowhatIlike,suchasreadingbooks,watchingTV,andhelpingmyparentswiththehomework.二、今昔对比在作今昔对比时，要注意时态的变化。谈到过去的情况要用过去时态（主要是一般过去时），谈到现在的情况要用现在时态（主要是一般现在时）。今昔对比的写作格式是：开头（提出什么事情发生了变化）→对具体事例作对比→结论。写作方式既可采用集中比较，也可采用逐点比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：1.开头常用句型(1)Greatchangeshavetakenplace.发生了巨大变化。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthelastfiveyear.QuiteafewchangeshavetakenplaceinmyschoolsinceyouleftChina.Overthepasttwentyyearsorso,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlife.(2)Thingshavebeguntoimprovesince…自从……以来，事情有了好转/改善。Thingshavebeguntoimprovesinceschoolswerecalledontoreducelearningload.2.对比常用句型1)…usedto…,butnow…过去常……，但是现在……2)…inthepast,butnow…在过去……，但是现在……3)once…,butnow…曾经…….，但是现在……4)Thingsaredifferentnow.情况已大不同了。5)Butnow,everythinghaschanged.但是现在全变了。6）Wheretheplaygroundusedtobenowstandsanothernewbuilding---ourlibrary.7）Iusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.NowIhavemorefreetime.8）Myparentscontactedothersmainlybysendingthemlettersinthepast,butnowwecalllongdistanceathome.9）Oncemyparentslistenedtotheradiofornewsandotherinformation,butnowwewatchthenewsandother83\nprogramsonTV.10）Whentheygotmarriedabouttwentyyearsago,myparentslivedinasmallroomcrowdedwithfurniture,butnowwehavemovedintoabignewthree-roomapartment.在作对比时，为避免句型重复，可适当变换一些句式，比如：(1)Anotherchangeis…再有一个变化是……Anotherbigchangeisinthehousingconditions.(2)What’smore,…还有……What'smore,Icangotobedearlierthaninthepast.3.结尾常用句型Inshort,changesinourlifeinthepasttwentyyearshavebroughtuscomfortandconvenience.三）范文1.2001年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题　假如你是李华。你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。周末活动（减负前）周末活动（减负后）白天：上课、做作业白天：参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等晚上：做作业晚上：看新闻、读书、看报就寝时间：11:30就寝时间：11:30　DearDick,Hownicetohearfromyouagain.YouwanttoknowwhatisgoingoninschoolsinChina.Inshort,thingshavebeguntoimprovesinceschoolswerecalledontoreducelearningload.Idon’tknowothers,butIusedtohavetoworkevenatweekenddoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.NowIhavemorefreetime.Icanfollowmyowninterestssuchasreadingbooks,visitingmuseums,andtakingcomputerlessons.IntheeveningIcanwatchnewsonTVorreadnewspapers.What’smore,Icangotobedearlier.AsfarasIknow,everyoneishappyaboutthisnewarrangementofthings.BestWishes,LiHua3．（NMET1999）假设你是李华，在一所中学读书。最近收到美国朋友Smith先生的来信。他三年前参观过你校，听说现在变化很大，希望了解有关情况。参照下图，给他写一封信，介绍你校的变化。注意：1.回信须包括图画的主要内容，可以适当增减细节，使内容连贯；83\nDearMrSmith,Iwassopleasedtohearfromyouandamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyschool.Youareright.Quiteafewchangeshavetakenplace.Ononesideoftheroadthereisanewclassroombuilding.Ontheotherside,wheretheplaygroundusedtobe,nowstandsanother building---ourlibrary.Initthereareallkindsofbooks,newspapersandmagazines.Theplaygroundisnowinfrontoftheschool.Wehavealsoplantedalotoftreesinandaroundtheschool.Ihopeyoucomeandseeforyourselfsomeday,       Bestwishes,                                                             Yours,LiHua三、数据分析比较此类题目要求考生通过对数据的分析比较得出某一结论或说明某一现象。在写作时不要对数据进行简单的列举，而是要通过对数据进行分析，得出某一结论。即应该通过对数据比较得出某物增长了多少或减少了多少，而不是简单的写成今年是多少去年是多少。时态常用一般现在时和一般过去时。写作方式最好采用逐个比较而不宜采用集中比较。写作格式一般是：说明现象→数据比较→得出结论。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：单词：30%thirtypercentincrease/fall/reduceto/bychart/table英语作文图表概述或描述中常用的句型1.Asisshownbythegraph,…（概述图表）inthetable.正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。Asisshownbythegraph,therehasbeenarapidincreaseinthepopulationofthecountryinthepastfiveyears.2.Itcanbeseenfromthetablethat…（得出结论）showngraphconcludedfiguresestimatedstatisticsA.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。FromthestatisticsgiveninthetableitcanbeseenthattheaveragepersonalincomeoftheChinesepeopleincreased(grew、rose)rapidlyfrom1985to1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。83\nItcanbeconcludedfromthegraphthattherehasbeenagreatdeclineinbirthratesinChinainthepastfiveyears.3.…amountto…（数量总计）adduptocometosumupto全部费用合计200美元。　　Alltheexpenses(costs)amountto(=addupto)$200.4.…increasefrom…to…（数量增减）　　decrease　　rise　　fall　　drop　A.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。　　ThenumberofcolourTVsetsproducedbythefactoryincreased(rose,grew,climbed)from5000in1986to21000in1990.　B.参加者的人数增加到30万。　　Thenumberofpaticipantsgrewupto300000persons=increased,reaching300000persons).　C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。　　Thenumberofteachingstaffmembersinthisschoolhasdecreasedto700persons.5.（be）threetimesas+形容词+as总产量totaloutput钢的年产量theannualoutputof上升17%riseby17percentsteel日产量thedailyoutput导致产量下降resultina　　现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。　Thegrainproduction(=output)inourareanowisthreetimesasgreatasthatof1970.6.Comparedwith…,…与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Thefactoryhasanoutputof9millioncigarettesdaily.Comparedwiththatoflastyear,theoutputof13mainproducts(=items)thisyearhasincreasedtoagreatextent.7.Thereis(was)arapidrisein…beontherise　hasbeensharpincreaseontheincrease　　suddendecreaseonthedeclinesteadydecline　　gradualfall　　slowdrop　　slight　最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。　　Thecottonoutputinthisareahasincreasedrapidlyinthepastfewyears.——“结尾”段落中常用的句型：　　1.Inmyopinion,…2.Personally,I…3.Inshort(=Inbrief),…4.Inconclusion,…5.AsfarasI’mconcerned,…6.Toconclude,itseemsclearthat…　至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。　　AsfarasI’mconcerned,I’minfavoroftheformerview.Therefore,myconclusionisthatwearecertaintosucceedaslongaswesticktowhatisrightandcorrectwhatiswrong.三）作文模板asisshown/indicated/illustratedbythefigure/percentageinthe　table(graph/picture/pie/chart),__作文题目的议题__hasbeenonrise/decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily83\nrising/decreasingfrom__in__to__in__.Fromthesharp/markeddecline/riseinthechart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat__.　 Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor__.Ontheonehand,__.Ontheotherhand,　__isduetothefactthat__.Inaddition,__isresponsiblefor__.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow__.Butitisgenerallybelievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonlyconvincing.　　AsfarasIamconcerned,Iholdthepointofviewthat__.Iamsure　myopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.四）范文1．北京近年来交通工具发生了很大变化。请根据下表和所给提示，用英语写一篇短文，以便刊登在某家对外发行的英语杂志上。年份\交通工具自行车出租车私人汽车公共汽车20011,000,000125,000250,70017,60020021,650,000273,000390,80018,900特点方便，健身快捷，便宜富有慢，脏，拥挤Alongwiththecitydevelopment,thetransportsystemisalsochanging(主题句).Wedidasurveyonthedifferenttransportations.Accordingtotheresult,peoplemoreandmorepreferconvenienttransportations,liketaxi,whichdoubledinthepastyear(比较一).Besides,privatecarshavebeenincreasingrapidlywiththehighlivingstandard(比较二).Whilepublicbus,whichwasconsideredthemaintransportinthecity,nowisthoughtbymostpeopledirtyandcrowded(比较三).Butontheotherhand,bicycle,asanothertraditionaltransportation,isstillwidelyacceptedforitsconvenienceandbenefittopeople’shealth(比较四).Inaword,peopleareenjoyinganeasierandmoreconventionallife(总结句).2．2006年（湖北卷）　　受某英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息，用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种调查范围：湖北省的10所中学调查对象：高中生调查人数：1200调查方式：访谈调查结果：（见下图）83\nReadingInterestsofSeniorMiddleSchoolStudentsRecent,surveyhasbeendonetofindoutthereadinginterestsofseniormiddleschoolstudents参考范文ReadingInterestsofSeniorMiddleSchoolStudentsRecentlyasurveyhasbeendonetofindoutthereadinginterestsofseniormiddleschoolstudents.Inthissurvey,onethousandseniormiddleschoolstudentsfromtenschoolsinHubeiProvincewereinterviewed.TheywereaskedwhichtheylikedreadingmostamongthefourcategoriesofEnglisharticles:news,stories,popularsciencearticlesandarticlesaboutlearningmethods.Thesurveyshowsthatmorethanhalfofthestudentsliketoreadnewsmost.Twenty-sixpercentofthestudentssaythatEnglishstoriesaretheirfavorite.Onlysevenpercentofthestudentsaremostinterestedinreadingarticlesaboutlearningmethods.However,thenumberofstudentswhoenjoyreadingpopularsciencearticlesdoublesthatofthosewhopreferreadingarticlesaboutlearningmethods.3．下列图表反映的是我校2002年与2005年学生健康状况调查的部分数据。请你用英文为某报写一份报告，反映该校三年间学生健康状况的变化情况，分析其原因并提出相应的改进措施（不少于两条）。注意：1．报告必须包括图表中所有内容。2．词数：120左右。第一句已给出（不计入总词数）。Arecentsurveyshowsthatthehealthofthestudentsinourschoolhasbeengoingfrombadtoworseinthepastthreeyears.Arecentsurveyshowsthatthehealthofthestudentsinourschoolhasbeengoingfrombadtoworseinthe83\npastthreeyears.Thenumberofnearsightedstudentshasincreasedfrom78.2%in2002to92.5%in2005,whilethatofoverweight,from36%to52.4%.Nearly10%morestudentslacksleepbecauseofmorehomeworktodo.Besides,over15%morestudentsbecomementallyunhealthy.Toimprovestudents’health,wecallforlesshomework.Onlyinthiswaycanstudentsgetplentyofsleepandmeanwhilepreventthemfrombeingnearsighted.Properdietsandexerciseshouldalsobepaidattentiontosothattheywon’teasilyputonweight.Withtheirheavyburdensremoved,studentscanthenkeepinnormalmentalhealth.1．读下列图表，以“ChangesintheWaysPeopleSpentTheirHolidays”为题，写一篇词数为120左右的短文。注意：1．短文的首句已给出，不计入总词数；2．可根据图表信息，适当发挥。ChangesintheWaysPeopleSpentTheirHolidaysThewayspeoplespenttheirholidayshavechangedgreatlyrecently.参考范文ChangesintheWaysPeopleSpentTheirHolidaysThewayspeoplespenttheirholidayshavechangedgreatlyrecently.In2002,35%ofpeoplespenttheirholidaysathome.Thenumberdroppedgreatlyto10%in2006.Theparagraphshowsthatthenumberofpeoplespendingtheirholidaytravelingabroadalsoincreased.Comparedwith15%in2002,theratein2006roseto25%.Becausepeoplenowhavemuchmoremoneythanbefore,theycanaffordtotravelabroad,andtheratemaycontinuetoriseinthenearfuture.Theparagraphshowsthatthenumberofpeoplegoingtotheseasideremainednearlythesame,whilethenumberofpeoplewhogocampingrosefrom10%in2002to30%in2006.Maybepeoplebecometiredofthecityandwanttobeclosetonature.5．【题目要求】下面是某高中生90年代初和2005年购买英语资料的对比表,请描述表格内容.时间TapesReferenceCD\DVDInternet83\n对比项books年人均投入90年代初33%67%0%0%¥602005年20%40%30%10%¥170要求:1.可联系现代经济和科学技术的发展,适当发挥;2.参考词汇:对比:Comparison购买purchase支出expenditure3.词数100左右.【参考范文】ThechartshowsusthecomparisonofEnglishmaterialspurchasemadebytheseniorstudentsinourschoolintheearly1990sandin2005.In2005therearemorenewchoicesforstudents,likeInternet(10%)andCD\DVD(30%).Intheearly1990stherewereonlytapes(33%)andreferencebooks(67%).Atthesametime,theaverageexpenditureonEnglishmaterialshaveincreasedfrom60yuanintheearly1990sto170yuanin2005.Fromthese,welearnthattherearemorechoicesofmaterialsonEnglishlearningandstudentsspendmoremoneyonit.Somereasonscanexplainthis.Firstly,manystudentsrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.Secondly,sinceChinaenteredWTO,learningEnglishhasbecomemorepopular.Thirdly,asscienceandtechnologyhavebeendevelopingsofast,theselatestEnglishfacilitieshavealreadybeenprovedfarmoreusefulandeffectivethantraditionalbooks.专题2：如何写介绍地方和风景名胜的文章介绍家乡、学校、工厂、城市、名胜古迹和国家的方面的情况，介绍地理位置，风土人情等。一、单词和短语：地理位置：lie/belocated/situatedin/on/tothenorth/south/west/east/southeastof……..lieontheYellowRiver历史:770BC446ADdatefrom/backtohave/hasahistoryofwithahistoryof…..文化风俗习惯：culturecustomsSpringFestivalMayDaytemplechurchSichuanopera气候：weatherclimatehotwarmhotmildrainrainywindwindysnowsnowystormstormysnowstorm人口：populationAhave/hasapopulationofThepopulationofAis…homeofover9millionpersons自然资源：berichinnaturalresource风景名胜：worldheritagehistoricsitebeautyspotamusementparkwildlifeparkarchitecturewonderthemeparksculptureparkticketofficetouristcenterphotoservicetourguideservicepayparkingsightseeingtrolleysouvenirshopsketchmapNoParkingNoPhotosNotouchingtouristattractionaplaceofinteresttouristresources生活：live/leada….lifebitterhappysweetpeaceful二、常见的表达句子有：83\n1.Myhometownisontherailwayline.2.Ourfactoryisneithertoosmallnortoobig.It’smiddle-sized.3.Ourcountryhaschangedgreatlysince1978.4.Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyvillageinthepasteighteenyears.5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourprovinceinthelast20years.6.Thestreetshavebeenwidened.Factories,schools,83\nhospitals,cinemasandtheatreshavesprungup/setuponeafteranother.Nowmyhometownhasbecomearichandbeautifulplace.1.ThelifeofthepeopleinChinaisgreatlyimproved.2.Manypeopleinmynativeplacehavewatches,bicycles,sewingmachinesandradios.SomeevenhavecolorTVsets,motorsandrefrigerators.Theirlifeisgettingbetter3.Inspringitoftenrainsandtheweatherischangeable.Insummeritisn’tveryhot.Whenautumncomes,itisbrightandsunny.Inwinterit’srathercoldbutitseldomsnows.4.Theyareworkinghardsoastomakeourhometownricherandmorebeautiful.5.MycityliesinNorthChina.6.Chinahasapopulationofmorethan1200million.83\n1.InthewesternsuburbofthecityofHangzhoutherestandsasmallvillage.Thatismynative.2.Chinalies/isonthePacific.3.Chinahasalonghistory.Chinahasahistoryofmorethan2000years.4.Chinaisabigcountrywithalonghistory.5.Chinaisacountrywith56ethnicsandrichculture.三）范文1．为了丰富中学生的暑假生活，成都市某中学号召学生走出家门，了解家乡。假设你是李平，请向《中学生英文报》投稿，讲述你响应学校号召在暑假所做的事情和感受。词数120左右。（开头已经给出）暑假所做的事情1．参观千年历史的道家名胜—青羊宫，唐代著名诗人杜甫在成都的居住地——杜甫草堂2．参观大熊猫繁殖研究基地，看到了温和、可爱的大熊猫并拍照。3．欣赏茶艺表演，观看著名的川剧，品尝成都名小吃体会感受开阔了视野；学到了书本上没有的知识；更加了解家乡，热爱家乡参考词汇：道家：Taoist杜甫草堂：Dufu’sThatchedCottage大熊猫繁殖研究基地：ResearchBaseforGiantPandaBreedingInordertoenrichstudentssummerholiday,ourschoolhascalledonustolearnmoreaboutourhometownbyvisitingtheplacesofinterest.IthinkI’vebenefitedalotinthissummerholiday..IvisitedQingyangpalace,aTaoisttemplewithahistoryofmorethan1,000years,andDufu’sThatchedCottage,whichistheoriginalresidentialhouseofDufu,oneofthemostfamouspoetsduringChina’sTangDynasty.IalsopaidavisittoResearchBaseforGiantPandaBreedingwhereIsawthelovelytenderpandasandtookpictureswiththem.ThemostinterestingpartofmyholidaywasthatIwenttosomebigteahousesenjoyingtraditionalChineseteaskillperformances.IalsowatchedSichuanoperaandhadagoodtasteofSichuanfamoussnacks.IdothinkthevisitshavereallybroadenedmyviewandI’velearnedwhatcannotbelearnedfrommytextbooks.What’smore,Ihaveabetterunderstandingofmyhometown,soIwillloveitmoreinthefuture.2.某英文网站正在评选最美的游览胜地，请你写一篇130词左右的英文短文介绍一下都江堰。都江堰的基本情况如下：1）始建于二千多年前，是我国现存的最古老而且依旧在使用的水利工程。2）2000年，联合国教科文组织批准将其列入《世界遗产名录》。3）李冰是设计者和兴建的组织者。当地人为纪念李冰父子，修建了一座二王庙。4）美景包括河流、高山，还有一棵1700年的古树。邓小平曾在那里题词“造福万代”。DuJiangYanisanancientirrigationsystembuiltabout2,000yearsagoandstilldoing83\nfloodcontrol.ItwaslistedasaWorldHeritageSiteByUNESCOin2000.Themasterengineerbehindthisirrigationandwater-controlprojectwasLiBing.Afterthecompletionoftheproject,localpeoplewereabletoenjoyabetterlifeandbecomeself-sufficient.There’satemplebuilttohonorLIBingandhisson,allowingotherstorememberthedevotionwithwhichtheyservedtheirpeople.AtDuJiangYan,youcanseesomeofthegreatestscenery,includingrivers,mountains,andevena1,700-year-oldtree.There’salsoaplaquewithaquotebyDengXiaoping,whichroughlytranslatesas“forthebenefitoffuturegenerations”.WelcometoDuJiangYan,ahistoricalwonderofscienceandtechnology!1．假如你是留英学生肖晴，在某国际青年论坛认识了一位澳洲的网友Jane,Jane来信说想在假期来欧洲游玩，请你写一封信向她推荐你所学习和生活的城市-----伦敦。文章的内容须包括下列表格中的信息。概况欧洲最大的城市、最美的首都之一，历史悠久，是经济、音乐、戏剧、政治中心地理位置英格兰的东南部、泰晤士河畔人口约9，000，000风景名胜St.Paul’sCathedral,theTowerofLondon,theTowerBridge,BukinghamPalace,thePalaceofWestminster,OxfordStreet交通便利，有环城地铁和便利的地面交通要求：1.信的开头和结尾已给出,篇章要连贯,不可逐条翻译;2.词数:130左右.DearJane,I’mgladtohearthatyou’llhaveachancetogotravelingduringyourvacation.Inmyopinion,themostattractivecityinEuropeisLondon.83\nAmongthemostcharmingcapitalsofEurope.ancientLondonliesinthesoutheastofEnglandontheRiverThames.Ashometoover9millionpeople,GreaterLondonisoneofthelargestEuropeancities.Itisanimportantcenteroffinance,theatre,music,politicsandthefinearts.YoucanfindthefamousTowerofLondonandtheTowerBridge.IfyouwanttoexperienceLondon’srichpast,youmaywishtogotoSt.Paul’sCathedral,visitBuckingham83\nPalace,wherethequeenlives,andthePalaceofWestminster,whichisthemoderncenterofgovernment.Althoughwellknownasacrowdedcity,Londonoffersmanywaysofexploringit.Thebusesandcabsarecheap,andbytakingunderground,youcangotoalmostanyareaofthecity.That’swhyIstronglyrecommendLondontoyouandwishyouapleasantjourney!YYours,83\nXXiaoQing5.（06四川）假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Nick将于八月来四川旅游，特来信询间有关旅游景点情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。旅游资源许多世界著名的风景名胜，如：九寨沟（海子：清澈见底；色彩斑斓）都江堰水利工程(2000多年历史：仍发挥作用)相关信息气候适宜；交通方便注意：I．词数100左右，信的格式及开头已为你写好（不计人总词数）。2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3．参考词汇：省份---province海子---lake都江堰水利工程---DujiangyanIrrigationProjectDearNick，I'mgladtohearthatyou'recomingtoSichuaninAugust.________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHuaOnepossibleversionDearNick，I'mgladtohearthatyou'recomingtoSichuaninAugust.You'vemadethewisechoicetotravelhere.SichuanProvinceisrichintouristattractionsandenjoysmanyworld-famousplacesofinterest,suchasJiuzhaigouandDujiangyanIrrigationProject.Jiuzhaigouiswellknownforitsbeautifullakes，ofwhichthewaterisclearandlookscolorful.Itcanexcitevisitors'imagination.AnotherattractionisDujiangyanIrrigationProject.Itwasbuiltover2,000yearsagoandisstillplayinganimportantpartinirrigationtoday.Besides，theniceweatherandconvenienttransportationherecanmakeyourtripmoreenjoyable.I'msureyou'llhaveagoodtime.I'mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yourssincerely,LiHua附：时间和地点状语表达方法：1.TheotherdayTomwaswalkingalongariverwhenheheardcriesforhelp.2.OnemorningJackwasonthepointofgettinginthewheatinthefieldwhenhecaughtsightofsomethingstrangeflyingoverhead.3.OneafternoonTomwasonhiswayhomewhenhesawabirdstrugglingonthegrass.4.OneeveningthefamilywerewatchingTVwhentherewasablackout.5.OnenightPeterwasburyinghimselfindoinghislessonswhenhefeltthefloorshakingslightly.6.AfewdaysagoMarycameacrossanoldfriendofhersandtheygreetedeachother.7.TheotherdayAlicewastakentoaholidayvillagewheresheenjoyedherselfverymuch.8.Onesummernightthegirlwasplayingthepianowhenthephonebeganringing.83\n9.OneSaturdayafternoonJohnwaswalkinginthestreetwhenastrangecarstoppedinfrontofhim.10.OneFridayeveningthefarmerwasabouttoleavehishousewhenhefoundhiscarstolen.11.ThenextmorningtheCanadianfriendsleftHongKongforBeijing.12.ThenextafternoonIreceivedaletterfromJohnson.13.OnthemorningofMay8,1989aterribleearthquakehitthecity14.At7onthemorningofSeptember11,Iwenttoschoolhappily.15.Atthepartywecanenjoysomewonderfulprograms,suchassinging,dancingandshortplays.16.IntheeveningtheWhitesandtheirdaughterwillgiveussomewonderfulperformances. 17.AtthemeetingMarywilltellushowshecanmanagetolearnmathematicssowell.18.Duringthediscussion,everyonecanexpresshimselffreelyaboutwhatheisinterestedin.19.Duringthevisityouwillseegreatchangeshavingtakenplaceinthepastfiveyears.20.Duringyourstay,you’llbeshownaroundtheschoollibrary,theschoolcomputerroomsandtheschooldining-hall.21.InclasseveryoneisonlyallowedtoexpresshimselfinEnglishinsteadofhismothertongue.22.Duringyourtourtheguidewilltellyousomethingwonderfulabouthowthistowercameintobeing.23.Duringyourvisittheheadmasterwilltellyousomethingabouttherapiddevelopmentofourschoolinthepasttenyears.24.AtthepartyLiuYingwillperformLiangZhu,afamousChinesesongbyplayingtheChineseviolin.25.Atthemeetingtheheadmastermadeaspeech,singinghighpraiseforLiMing’sunselfishfinequalityandhecalledonustolearnfromhernoblespirit.专题3人物生平事迹履历表求职信一)单词和短语83JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundayGraduate83graduatefromleaveschoolschool-leaverprimaryschooljuniorschoolseniorschooluniversitycollegecomefrom/befrombebornin/intogrowupmajorin83befondof/love/carefor/bekeenon/beinterestedin/haveinterestin/takeinterestin/goinfor/enjoy/takedelightinjoin(in)/takepart(in)/takeanactivepartin/attendburyoneselfin/putone’sheartinto/setone’smindto/bebusyat/bedeepin/bestuckby/devoteoneselftodevoteone’smindto/dipintobeengagedin/bebusywith/takeup/goabout/workon/beupto83\nbestrictwithsbbestrictinmakefriendswith/befriendswithbeproudof/takepridein/prideoneselfonbegoodat/befamiliarwith/beperfectin/beskilledin/dowellin/beskillfulat/haveagoodknowledgeof/knowsthwell/master/beexpertintryone’sbest/doone’sbest/goalloutfor/makegreateffortslong(for)/thirst(for)/beeagerforsucceedindoing/besuccessfulin/managetodofailtodo/fallthrough/falldownbefitfor/begoodfor/beperfectfor/beOKfor/beequaltocometrue/complete/realize/putsthintorealities/bringaboutinorderto/soasto/inorderthat/sothat/forwish/hope/want/expect/lookforwardtobe(get)usedto/getintothehabitof/taketo/beinthehabitofdoingsth.makeupone’smind/bedeterminedto/determine/decidebeinluck/goodluckto/beluckyatlast/finally/intheendputintoprison/beinprisonlookout/becareful/takecare/payattentiontobemistaken/makeamistake/gowrongdieof(from/by/in)/dieagloriousdeathtrust(in)/believe(in)/havetrustin/havefaithinworkexperiencein2000inJuneonthemorningofJune12,2000from2000to2006between2000and2006二）句子1>Hewasfromapoorpeasant’sfamily.2>Heisabout1.72metersinheight3>Bytheageof14,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.4>Sheisalreadyinherfifties,butshelooksyoungerforherage.5>Heisshortandthinwithapairofthickglasses.6>Sheistallandslimwithbigdarkeyesandblackhair.7>MyEnglishteacher,MissZhang,isamiddle-agedwoman.8>Sheoftenhelpsthosewhohavedifficultyindoingtheirhomework.9>Withherhelp,Ihavecaughtupwithmyclassmates.10>AttheageofeighthebecameamemberofthedivingteaminGuangdongProvince.Afewyearslater,hewonagoldmedalatthe11thAsianGamesandbecameaworldChampion.11>Hehashisownwayofteaching.13>Hehasmuchknowledgeandgoodatteaching.14>Alltheseyearshehasbeenworkinghard.15>Manytimeshehasbeenpraisedforhisexcellentwork.16>Hegetsonverywellwithusstudents.17>Heisnotonlyourgoodteacherbutalsoourgoodfriend.18>Heishonestandalwaysreadytohelpothers.That’swhywemadehimmonitor.19>Weallconsideredherpronunciationtobethebestofall.20>Heisaworthypersonforustolearnfrom.83\n21>HegraduatedfromQinghuaUniversityin1982.22>AnAmericancompanywantedtoemployhimwithhighpay,butherefused.23>Hereceivedadoctor’sdegreein1988.24>Heisstrictwithusandcarefulinhiswork.25>Hewonthefirstprizeinthephysicscontest.26>Hedevotedallhislifetoeducation.27>Heislovedandrespectedbyusall.28>Sheisconsideredasoneofthebestteachersyearbyyear.29>Withhishelp,wehavemadegreatprogressinourstudies.30>Hewillalwaysberememberedasagreatleader,awiseandwarm-heartedman.31>Heisregardedasafighterbymostofthepeopleintheworld.32>MissZhangissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveherverymuch.33>SuchwasElbertEinstein,amanofgreatachievements.34>我高兴的是了解到你们想要几名英文报的兼职记者。我认为自己能胜任这份工作。I’mgladtolearnthatyouwantafewpart-timeEnglishreporters.IthinkI’mfitforthejob.35>我1984年7岁时开始上学。Ibegangoingtoschoolattheageofsevenin(theyear)1984.36>84年至90年我在光明小学念书。IstudiedatGuangmingPrimarySchoolfrom1984to1990.37>1990年，他在第十一届亚运会上夺得金牌。HewonamedalontheEleventhAsianGamesin1990三）范文1.（NMET1996）你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。MynameisLiHua.IwasborninDalian,LiaoningprovinceinFebruary1977.Istartedschoolin1984whenIwasseven.IstudiedinGuangmingPrimarySchoolfrom1984to1990.AfterthatIwenttoNo.62MiddleSchoolofDalianandgraduatedthissummer.ThemainsubjectsIstudiedatschoolincludedChinese,maths,English,physics,chemistryandcomputer.IlikeEnglishandcomputerbestandIamverygoodatthem.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcomputercompetition.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningtopopularmusicandcollectingstamps.Myfavoritesportsareswimminginsummerandskatinginwinter.2.某中外合资企业在一家英文报上登了一则广告（advertisement），招聘一名秘书，基本条件如下：1、年龄不超过25岁，未婚；83\n2、身体健康。身高要求：男性1.70米以上，女性1.60米以上；3、高中以上文化程度；4、有较好的英语基础，英语口语能力强者优先录用；5、擅长写作，具有从事文秘(secretary)工作的能力。假如你叫王强，看了广告后想求此职。请用英语写一封求职信，针对招聘条件介绍自己的情况。DearSir,Afterreadingyouradvertisementforasecretaryintoday’sEnglishpaper,Iwanttooffermyselftotheposition.I’m19yearsold,male,unmarried.I’m1.75meterstall,strongandhealthy.I’vejustgraduatedfromaseniormiddleschoolofBeijing.Lastyear,IgotthefirstplaceintheEnglishcompositioncontestinWestDistrict,Beijing.Itypequitewellandcanusecomputersskillfully.I’dliketobeyoursecretaryverymuch.Ifthesemeetyourrequirements,I’llbeverythankfulforyourkindness.OfcourseI’llworkhardandwellifIcanholdtheposition.I’meagerforyourearlyreplySincerelyyours,WangQiang3.假如你是王林，李明是你的好友，他对布朗先生的公司感兴趣，打算到该公司谋职（applyforaposition）。请根据下面李明的简历表，用英语为他写一封推荐信。词数110左右。姓名李明性别男国籍中国出生地江苏，启东婚否已婚出生日期1980.8.21通讯地址启东市人民路148号电话0513-83335550职业律师学历大学毕业外语水平擅长英语，懂一些日语、德语其他有三年工作经历，办事认真，待人诚恳，与人和睦相处DearMr.Brown,I’dliketointroducemyfriendtoyou,Mr.LiMing,whoisgoingtoapplyforapositionwithyourfirm.Hegraduatedfromcollegethreeyearsagoandsincethenhehasworkedasalawyer.HeisgoodatEnglishandknowssomeJapaneseandGerman.Heworkshardandiscarefulineverythinghedoes.Heishonest,kindandeasytogetonwith.HewasbornonAugust21st,1980inQidong,JiangsuProvince,China.HeismarriedandlivesatNo148RenminRoad,Qidongcity.Histelephonenumberis0513-83335550.Heshowsgreatinterestinyourfirm.Ifheisaccepted,hewilldohisbest.I’msurehewillbefitfortheposition.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,WangLin专题4:通知(Announcement)与海报（Poster）一、常用表达法(UsefulExpressions)（一）通知种类：口头通知和书面通知（二）格式要求：书面通知和海报83\n1.要有标题：NOTICE或ANNOUNCEMENT；POSTER;2.单位名称：写在最上方或正文下方右侧；3.通知日期：写在左下角或省略。美国习惯：May15(th),2003;英国习惯:15(th)May,2003。4.通知人称：发受双方多用第三人称或依据题目要求。5.语言文体：多用书面语。亦可用一些常见符号（特别是海报中）&(and),@(email),$(dollars)等。(三)基本要点力求简明扼要，抓住五个要点1.什么时间2.什么地点3.有何事情4.谁来参加5.注意事项（二）常用套语：口头通知1.SaluteLadiesandgentlemen;Boysandgirls;Comrades①一律顶格写。②美国人在称呼后用冒号，英国人用逗号。2.GettingsilenceMayIhaveyourattention,please?Attentionplease,everyone!Bequiet,please.Pleasestoptalking.3.BeginninganannouncementIhaveanannouncementtomake.Ihavegoodnewsforyouall.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.There’sbeenachangeinourtimeschedule（表）thisweek.4.Body(1)发通知单位可在正文中提及，也可不说；(2)发通知时间不必说；(3)可用口语体或缩略式(4)多用将来时态或表示将来的时态或形式。①begoingtodoTheStudentUnionisgoingtoholdapartyonSaturdayevening,August15,…(NMET94)②willdosomethingA.OnSaturday22Julytherewillbevisitstodifferentplaces.(MET89)B.ThepartywillbeheldintheroofgardenoftheMainBuilding.(NMET94)C.We’llhaveourpicniclunchthereinthesmallwoodsbythelake.(NMET95)③betodosomethingA.Wearetovisitthemuseumafterlunch.B.ThemeetingistobeheldonFriday.④TheImperativeMood(用祈使语气)A.Docome!(NMET95)B.Don’tforget:7:30,Saturdayevening,roofgarden,MainBuilding.(NMET94)⑤ThePresentIndefinite(用一般现在时)83\nThemeetingstartsat6pm..注：仅限于某些动词：be,get,start,set等。①ThePresentContinuous(用现在进行时)We’resogladyouarecomingtojoinusonSunday.(NMET95)注：仅限于某些动词：go,come,待leave,have,stay,do,play,return等②beabouttodosomethingTheAmericanguestsareabouttoleaveat5intheafternoon.2.EndinganannouncementThat’sall.Thankyou.Thankyou(foryourattention).Don’tforget,willyou?Everyoneiswelcome.Don’tbelate,please.Pleasebethereontime.二、范文1．口头通知Boysandgirls,MayIhaveyourattention,please?Ihaveanannouncementtomake..TheStudentUnionisgoingtoholdapartyonSaturdayevening,August15,towelcomeourfriendsfromtheUnitedStates.ThepartywillbeheldintheroofgardenoftheMainBuilding.Itwillbeginat7:30p.m.Therewillbemusic,dancing,singing,gamesandexchangingofgifts.Everybodymaybringasmallgiftforthispurpose.Remembertowrapitup,signyournameandwriteafewwordsofgoodwishes.Don’tforget:7:30,Saturdayevening,roofgarden,MainBuilding.Thereissuretobealotoffun.Everybodyiswelcome.这是NMET94参考范文，略做修改。学习时请注意以下几点：1)口头通知的套话及格式；2)文中所用表示将来的不同形式；3)时间、地点从小到大的排列方式；4)主动、被动不同句式及肯定、否定祈使句的应用。5)多项并列时单词词性的对等问题。（划线部分）1．书面通知EnglishTeaching&ResearchGroupNOTICETherewillbeanEnglishlectureonthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishbyafamousEnglishprofessor,Mr.Alexander,theauthorofFollowMeandNewConceptEnglishwhicharewellknowntousall.ItwillbegivenintheLectureHallfrom7:00to9:00onSaturdayevening,September23.Thosewhoareinterestedinitarewarmlywelcome.Andyoumayalsoinviteyourfriendsofotherschoolstoattendit.Besurenottobelate.Afterthelecture,youmayhaveapicturetakenwithMr.Alexander.September20,2003书面通知的三大特点：1）句子较长，结构相对复杂；2)无称呼，有标题：NOTICE/ANNOUNCEMENT;83\n3)发文单位置于顶部或右下角，时间多置于左下角。3．海报POSTERFriendlyBasketballMatchAllAreWelcomeOrganizedbytheStudentUnionofourschool,afriendlybasketballmatchwillbeheldbetweenNo.2MiddleSchoolteamandoursonthebasketballcourtat4p.m.onSaturday,June10,2003.Thursday,June8TheSchoolStudentUnion4.请依据以下信息写一则通知。（120词左右）活动英语演讲比赛（English-speakingContest）目的提高英语口语组织者学生会(theStudentUnion)参加范围高中(senior)学生报名时间5月25日以前(报名:signup)报名地点学生会办公室比赛时间6月9日下午4：00比赛地点教学楼5楼礼堂（auditorium）奖励前5名NoticeWearegoingtohaveanEnglish-speakingcontestforseniorstudentssoastoimproveouroralEnglish.Itwillbeheldintheauditoriumonthe5thfloorintheteachingbuildingat4pmJune9th.ThosewhowanttotakepartinthecontestaresupposedtocometosignupattheofficeoftheStudentUnionbeforeMay25th.Alltheseniorstudentsarewelcometojoininthecontest.Thefirstfivewinnerswillbegivenprizes.Pleasetryyourbestandgetreadyintime.Wishyousuccess!TheStudentUnion5.(MET89)一个国际青年团正在访问我国城市，你负责安排他们的参观活动。请起草一份通知，准备向参观团团员宣读。通知必须用一段话说明以下几点：1）参观日期：7月22日，星期六。时间：早餐后8点出发。午餐在参观地点吃。下午回来。2）参观内容：分四组，每组参观一个地方：工厂、学校、农场或医院。3）欢迎每人参加一组活动。请选择好参观地点，并在今晚9点前到服务台（theServiceDesk）签名。(MET89)Ladiesandgentlemen,83\nMayIhaveyourattention,please?OnSaturday22Julytherewillbevisitstodifferentplaces.Everybodyiswelcome.Eachpersoncanchoosetogotooneoftheplaces----afactory,afarm,aschoolorahospital.PleasesignyournameattheServiceDeskbefore9:00pm.andsaywhichplaceyouwishtovisit.Wewillsetoutafterbreakfastateightandcomebackintheafternoon.Wewillhavelunchattheplaceofvisit.(or:Lunchwillbeservedattheplaceofvisit.)That’sall.Thankyou.　6.请以宿舍管理委员会的名义写一份通知，2007年4月2日发出。内容如下：　　①时间：4月5日晚上7点。②地点：3号楼103房间。　　③内容：学生宿舍安全问题：安全用电、火灾应变、防止失窃等。　　④参加人员：每间寝室一名同学。　　⑤要求：带笔记本，按时到场，做好记录，并传达给室友。　　注意：1）通知的格式已经为你写好，不计入总词数；2）词数：100左右。　　参考词汇：学生宿舍dormitory，盗窃theft（n.）　　Notice　　AmeetingisgoingtobeheldinRoom103ofBuilding3at7ontheeveningofApril5.Problemstobetalkedaboutatthemeetingincludethesafetyofthedormitories,properuseofelectricity,whattodoincaseoffire,preventionoftheftandsoon.Amemberofeachdormitoryisrequiredtobepresent.Theyshouldtakenotebookswiththemandarriveontime.Theyshouldtakenotescarefullyandafterthemeetingtheyaretoinformtheirroommatesofwhatisdiscussedandwhatmeasureswillbetaken.　　                                                   TheDormitoryCommittee7.如你是学生会主席，请根据下面图表，用英语写一则关于春游的通知。　　参加者高中一、二年级的学生　　活动内容1.去博物馆看《人与自然》的展览。　　2.参加泉山植物园。　　集合地点学校大门前　　集合时间1.4月25日上午乘校车前往；　　2.早上七点集合，七点二十分开车。　　注意事项1.参观展览时保持安静；并认真记笔记，准备回来后讨论。　　2.在山顶野餐，要自带午餐和饮料。　　3.参加者在本周四前到学生会报名。　　注意：　　1.通知必须包括表内所列内容，可以适当调整内容的顺序和增加细节，使其连贯、完整。　　2.词数：100左右。     3.通知时间：4月24日　　4.生词：植物园thebotanicalgarden;报名signupfor;学生会theStudents'Union　　Notice83\n　　ThestudentsofSeniorGradeOneandGradeTwowillgooutforavisitonApril25. We'llfirstgotothemuseumtoseeanexhibitionofManandNature.Whenyou’reintheexhibitionhallyoushouldkeepsilentandmakecarefulnotesbecausewe’regoingtohaveadiscussionafterwecomeback.AfterthatweplantovisitthebotanicalgardenontheQuanshanHillandhaveapicniconthetopofit.Sopleasebringlunchandsomedrinkingwaterwithyou.　　Ourschoolbuswilltakeusthere.Theschoolbuswillleaveat7:20.Pleasegatheratourschoolgateat7:00a.m.　　ThosewhowanttotakepartintheactivityshouldsignupforitattheStudents’UnionbeforeThursday.　　TheStudents’Union　　                                                      April248.五月四日，高三年级一班和二班之间将进行一次有关环保问题的演讲比赛（atalkshowonenvironmentprotection）。此前，二班邀请清华大学的DrLi做相关内容的报告。假定你是二班的班长，请你草拟一个有关报告会的口头通知。注意：1.内容应包括提示及表格内的全部要点；2.词数在100左右；3.开头已为你写好。报告内容近些年北京的环境问题及已取得的进步地点教学楼三楼会议厅（auditorium）时间四月三十日，星期三下午2：00目的帮助大家收集信息，为演讲做好准备参加人员全班同学其他安排会后议论MayIhaveyourattention,please?Asyouknow,ourclasswillhaveatalkshowonenvironmentprotectionwithClassOneonMay4th.Beforeittakesplace,weMayIhaveyourattention,please?Asyouknow,ourclasswillhaveatalkshowonenvironmentprotectionwithClassOneonMay4th.Beforeittakesplace,wewillinviteDrLifromQinghuaUniversitytogiveusatalkontheenvironmentproblemandhewillalsotellusabouttheimprovementinenvironmentprotectioninrecentyearsinBeijing.Thereportwillbeginat2:00pmonWednesday,April30thintheauditoriumonthethirdfloorintheclassroombuilding.I’msurewecangetenoughinformationfromhistalktomakegoodpreparationsforthecomingtalkshow.everyoneshouldbethereontime,thenlistentothereportandmakefullnotesatthesametime.Bytheway,wewillhaveadiscussionafterthereport.That’sall.Thankyou.专题5:日记、意外事故和经历类一）词汇和短语accident,cause8deathsand3missingpersons,fire,83\nearthquake,storm,sandstorm,happen,breakout,takeplace二）句子1．Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenaterribleaccidenthappenedinthestreet.2．Onedaysomethingunpleasanthappened.3．Thegirlfelloffherbikeandwasbadlyhurt.4Fortunately,theinjuredpeopleweresenttohospitalwithoutdelay.5．Anelderlymanwashitbyacarwhilehewascrossingtheroad.6．Hefelldowntothegroundwithacry.7．Thegirlwastoofrightenedtomove.8．Itwassoonfoundoutthatthedriverhaddrunktoomuchwinebeforedriving.9．Theaccidentdelayedallthetrafficforanhourandcausedthedamageof$80,00010．Lotsofpeoplelosttheirlivesinthefloods.11．Thebigfloods,whichoccurredin1998,causedgreatlosses.12．Abigfirebrokeoutinanofficebuildinginabusystreet.13．Thecauseofthefirehasbeenunknown.Itisbeinginvestigated.14．Thefirelastedabouttwohoursandwasfinallyputoutintheafternoon.15．Asaresult,thethree-storiedbuildingwasdestroyed,50peoplewerekilled,andmorethan200wereinjured.16．Uptothepresent,thecauseoftheaccidentisstillunknown.17．Withoutthinkingaboutherownsafety,sherushedoutandpulledhimback.18．Hehurriedtoschool,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.19．Shetoldtheteacherwhathadhappenedtoheronthewaytoschool.20．Theblindmanwasoutofdanger,butshelostherlife./gotinjured.21．Hewaspraisedforwhathehaddone.22．Sheofferedussomegifts,butwerefusedtoacceptthem.23．Theyallthankedhimforhishelp.24．Wonderingwhattodo,Tomsawapoliceman.25．Wehurriedtothepolicemanforhelp.26．Withthehelpofthepoliceman,wefoundtheownerofthebag.27．Acleverideacametohismind.28．Thenheputhisideaintopractice.29．Ileftthehospitalwithoutgivingmyname.30．Thismaybethemostunforgettableexperienceofmylife.83\n31．Hefelthappybecausehehaddoneagooddeed.32．ItwasnotuntilthenthatIreallyunderstoodthemeaningoftheproverb:33．“Helpingothersisthesourceofhappiness.”34．Hewillalwaysberememberedasahero.35.IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhenanoldmancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.三）范文1．NMET1997下列图画描述的是你的一段亲身经历，请据此为一家中学生英文报的故事专栏写一篇短文。注意：1.短文必须包括图画所表现的主要内容，可以适当增减细节，使其连贯、完整；　　　2.叙述必须用第一人称；　　　3.词数100左右。生词：违章者－－offendern.十字路口－－crossroadsn.83\nNMET97TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.Mybrotherwasridingwithmesittingontheseatbehind.Aswecametothecrossroadsayoungmanandagirlcameupandstoppedus.‘We'vefoundyouatlonglast,'theysaid.Butwedidn'tknowthem.Pointingtoapolicemannotfaraway,theyoungmanexplained,‘Hestoppedusabouthalfanhouragoandmadeuscatchthenextoffender.Socomeon,standhere.Hopeyoudon'thavetowaitaslongaswedid.Goodluck.2．(1998)5月3日，你参观了一个农场。请根据下列图画用英语写一篇日记、Monday,May3,1998Todaywevisitedafarm.Earlyinthemorningwemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogether.Thefarmworkersgaveusawarmwelcome.Thentheheadofthefarmshowedusaround.Howgladweweretoseethecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell.Atnoonwehadapicniclunchinthesunshine.Afterashortrest,wehadgreatfunsinginganddancing,tellingjokesandstories.Twoofusevenplayedagameofchess.Thetimepassedquickly.Beforeweknewit,wehadtosaygood-byetotheworkers.3．你的一天活动安排如下，请你据此写一篇日记。时间地点活动安排8：00校门口欢迎美国学生（约50人）到校参加访问8：30-9：30图书馆阅鉴室联欢会（get-together）,交换礼品9：30-10：30校园内参观教学楼、实验楼、校办工厂、游泳池10：30-11：30操场友谊篮球赛12：00校门口美国学生离校14：00-17：00几家书店和几名同学选择、购买了书和磁带交换：exchangevt.2005年11月25日星期六晴Nov.25SaturdayfineAboutfiftyAmericanstudentscametovisitourschooltoday.Wegatheredattheschoolat8o'clocktogivethemawarmwelcome.Thenwehadaget-togetherinthe83\nreadingroominourlibrary.Ourheadmastertoldthemsomethingaboutourschool.Andthenwetalkedwitheachotherandexchangedgifts.Fromninetthirtyweshowedthemaroundourschool.Theyvisitedourclassroombuilding,thelabbuilding,thefactoryrunbyourschool,andtheswimmingpool.Afriendlybasketballgamestartedonthesportsgroundatthenthirty.Attwelveo'clockallAmericanstudentsleftourschool.IntheafternoonmyclassmatesandIwenttosomeshops.Wechoseandboughtsomebooksandtapes.专题5；演讲稿：13.假设你是浙江大学的老师，你将在开学典礼上向一年级的新生致辞。请你根据下面的提示写一篇演讲稿就大学的学习生活提出几点要求，并适当阐述其重要性。　　①．合理安排学习和生活 ②．同学之间关系融洽 ③．积极参加校园社团活动 。。。。。。　　参考词汇：大学一年级新生 freshmann.     社团  society n.　　注意：1)．演讲稿必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。2)．演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。    3)．词数：100—120　　Goodmorning,everybody.WelcometoZhejiangUniversity!　　Asafreshman,youaregoingtohaveacompletelynewlife.Sohereissomethingyoushouldkeepinmind.　　First,arrangeyourtimeproperly.You’dbettermakeatimetablesothatyouwillknowwhattodoandhowtodoitandtakeadvantageofeveryminute.Itwillmakeyourworkmoreefficient.Livingintheuniversity,sometimesyouwillfacesomeproblemsthatyoucan’tdealwithallalone.Thenhelpfromotherswillmakethingseasyforyou.Sogetalongwellwithallthepeoplearoundyou.Alwaysbeopen-mindedandwarm-hearted.Don’tspeakillofothersatwill.Youshouldalwaysbearinmindthatweareinabigfamily.Atlast,takeanactivepartinsocieties.Societiesatschoolareyoursecondteachers.Itwillnotonlyprovideyoumorechancestomakefriendsandchallengeyourself,butmakeyourschoolliferichandcolorfulaswell.　　Enjoyyouruniversitylife!专题6；看图写话1.（06）全国卷（I）假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。83\n注意：1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯;3.开头语已为你写好。June8DearBob,Thankyouforyourlastletteraskingaboutourlibrary.Bestwishes,LiHua书面表达：内容要点：1.图书馆的位置：前有花园，后有教学楼2.内部环境：宽敞、有书架、报刊、书籍等3.图书馆功能：借阅、借阅数量和借期4.开放时间5.合适的结尾June8DearBob,Thankyouforyourlastletteraskingaboutour83\nlibrary.Ourlibraryisinthecenteroftheschool.Thereisabeautifulgardeninfrontofitandourclassroombuildingisrightbehindit.Thelibraryisbig.Whenyougetinside,youwillseemanyshelvesfullofbooksondifferentsubjects.Therearealsolotsofnewspapersandmagazines.Weborrowbooksanddosomereadinginthelibrary.Accordingtotherule,everystudentcanborrowupto5bookseachtimeandkeepthemfor10days.Itisopenfrom9a.m.to7p.m.fromMondaytoFridayandclosedonweekends.Wealllikeourlibraryverymuch.Bestwishes.LiHua2.近年来，一些西方节日在中国越来越流行。这种现象在网上引起热议。请根据下图描述中国人过洋节的情况，谈谈你对这种社会现象的看法，并将你写的东西在该英语论坛上发表。要求：1.表达连贯，逻辑正确。2.字数100-120参考词汇：情人节：Valentine’sDayWesternholidayssuchasChristmas,Valentine’sDayandect.aregettingmoreandmorepopularinChina.SomeChinesepeopleevengetcrazyonthem.Butatthesametime,peopleseemtohavelessenthusiasmforourtraditionalfestivalssuchastheSpringFestivalandtheMooncakeFestival.However,mostpeoplecelebratewesternholidayswithoutknowingthemeaningbehindthem.Theyjustgoshopping,holdpartiesandhavefun.Inmyopinion,thecelebrationofwesternholidayisagoodwayoflearningthewesterncultures,whichhelpstopromoteunderstandingandcommunicationbetweenChineseculturesandothercultures.Besides,thecelebrationcanalsomakeourlifemoreinteresting.However,weshouldmakegreateffortstopreserveandenrichourowntraditionalculture.3.下面四幅图片描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的一件事。请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的“英语园地”写一篇短文。注意：①短文须包括所有图片的主要内容。短文的内容要连贯、完整。②词数：100左右。③参考词汇：货摊stand（n．）；抢夺snatch（v．）；④短文开头已给出。83\nOneSundaymorning,thereweresomepeopleinZhongshanPark.OneSundaymorning,thereweresomepeopleinZhongshanPark.Atastand,awomanwasbuyinganice–creamwhenayoungmanbehindhersnatchedherhandbagaway.Sheshouted:“Stopthief!He’ssnatchedmybag!”Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.Therewasanoldmansittingquietlyonabenchnearby.Asthesnatcherwasrunningpasthim,theoldmanquicklypickeduphisumbrellaandputitbetweenthesnatcher’slegs.Theyoungmanfelldownontheground.Soontwopolicemencameandcaughthim.Thewomanthankedtheoldman,andthepeoplearoundpraisedtheoldmanforhiscleverness.4.请根据下列两幅图写一篇短文，短文内容包括以下几个要点：①妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩；②儿子对于倒了的油瓶置之不理。写作时要适应发挥，语言连贯，要写出妈妈的惊诧，还要写自己对此幅漫画的感受和观点。词数：100左右。Doyouunderstandthiscartoon?Letmetellyou.Oneday,thesonwantedtohelpalittlegirlupwhenshefellover,buthismotherstoppedhimandsaid,“Don’tdothat,otherwiseotherswillthinkitwasyouwhoknockedherdown.”Afewdayslater,themotherwasshockedatseeinghersonjustletthefallenoilbottlebe.Sheaskedhimwhyhedidn’tputitinplace,buttheboytalkedback,“IfIhadstraightenedthebottleup,youwouldhavethoughtthatIdidit.”Idisagreewithwhatthemotherdidinthestory.Ithinkparentsshouldsetagoodexampletotheirchildren.Theyshouldnotonlycarefortheirchildren’shealth,buttheirminds.Theyshouldlettheirchildrenknowit’sapleasuretohelpotherswhoareintrouble.Weliveinthesocietywhichisabitfamilyforallofus.Everyoneshoulddosomethinggoodtobuildupoursociety.专题7：半开放式作文1.假设你是李华，当你的英国笔友Henry了解到你即将进入大学学习后，来信询问你对大学生活的打算。请从以下方面用英语写一封回信，谈谈你的打算。1.学习方面；2.生活方面；3.社会活动方面；注意：1.词数100左右。1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.开头语已为你写好。DearHenry，Thankyouforyourletter._____________________________________________________________________83\nDearHenry，Thankyouforyourletter.Iamsoeagertogotocollege.AfterIentercollege,Iplantosetnewgoalsinmystudyandimprovemywayoflearning.I’lldomorereadingtoenrichmyknowledge.What’smore,asIamawayfrommyparents,itisnecessaryformetolearntoliveonmyown,suchasdoingsomewashingandcleaningbymyself.Inmysparetime,Iwilltakepartindifferentkindsofsocialactivities,forexample,IwilltrytojoinChineseYoungVolunteersAssociationtobeavolunteer.Inaddition,Ineedtogetalongwellwithmyclassmatesandteachersatcollege.IthinkIwillhaveawonderfulcollegelife.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua2.（08四川延考区）假定你是李华，将去英国某学校短期学习，被安排住在Smith先生家。请你写封短信与其取得联系并询问以下情况：1．住宿条件；2．膳食安排；3．交通情况。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语已为你写好。DearMr.Smith,I’mLiHuafromChina,writingtoaskaboutmystaywithyourfamily.Yours,LiHuaDearMr.Smith,I’mLiHuafromChina.writingtoaskaboutmystaywithyourfamily.First,I’dliketoexpressmythanksforyourkindnessofhavingme.TobetterprepareformylifeinBritain,I’dliketoknowifI’llhavearoomformyselfandifthereisacomputerIcanuse.Iplantohavelunchatschool,anditwouldbegreatifIcouldjoinyouforbreakfastandsupper.Finally,couldyoutellmehowfaryourplaceisfromtheschool?IsitwithinwalkingdistanceordoIneedtotakeabus?I’msoexcitedaboutmyvisittotheUK.Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.Yours,LiHua还常用以下的过渡词语：1)表示起始aboveall，firstofall，atall，etc。2)表示时间sincethen，atlast，;soonafter;before;later;andthen;next;finally;afterwards.assoonas，thenextmoment，inthepast，now，inthefutureetc.3)表示空间inthecenterof，inthemiddleof，atthefoot/top（of），ontheright/left，ononesideof，ontheothersideofetc.4)表示顺序forthefirsttime，first，then;finally，theformer，thelatter，etc.5)表示递进what’smore,what’sbetter,besides,even,moreover,furthermore;inaddition,etc.6)表示并列或选择and，or，aswell，aswellas，both…and，either...or，neither…nor，some…othersotherwiseetc.7)表示转折but，however，onthecontrary，instead，yet;inspiteof;etc.8)表示因果so，therefore，for，asaresult，becauseof，dueto，owingto，thankstoetc.83\n9)表示列举forexample，forinstance，thatis;namely;suchas，andsoonetc。10)表示总结afterall;inaword，inshort，inall，ingeneral;generallyspeaking,etc。11)表示程度aboveall，firstofall，atall，etc.12)表示对比while，ononehand，ontheotherhandetc.13)表示解释说明thatis（tosay），inotherwordsetc.14)表示条件aslongas，if，oncondition(that)，otherwise，unless，etc.15)表示目的forthispurpose，inorderthat，inorderto，soasto，sothat，etc.16)表示陈述事实actually，afterall，asamatteroffact，asfarasIknow，infact，etc.膃蒅薅羄膂膄螁袀膁芇薄螆膀葿蝿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁蒅羇膇莃蚀袃膇蒅蒃蝿芆膅虿蚅芅芇蒁羃芄莀蚇罿芃薂蒀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆芀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈羅莁薅蚄羄蒃螀肂羄芃薃羈羃莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿蒄聿羀艿蚀羅聿莁蒂袁肈蒄蚈螇肈膃蒁蚃肇莆蚆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀肃莂螃蚆膃蒅薅羄膂膄螁袀膁芇薄螆膀葿蝿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁蒅羇膇莃蚀袃膇蒅蒃蝿芆膅虿蚅芅芇蒁羃芄莀蚇罿芃薂蒀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆芀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈羅莁薅蚄羄蒃螀肂羄芃薃羈羃莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿蒄聿羀艿蚀羅聿莁蒂袁肈蒄蚈螇肈膃蒁蚃肇莆蚆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀肃莂螃蚆膃蒅薅羄膂膄螁袀膁芇薄螆膀葿蝿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁蒅羇膇莃蚀袃膇蒅蒃蝿芆膅虿蚅芅芇蒁羃芄莀蚇罿芃薂蒀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆芀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈羅莁薅蚄羄蒃螀肂羄芃薃羈羃莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿蒄聿羀艿蚀羅聿莁蒂袁肈蒄蚈螇肈膃蒁蚃肇莆蚆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀肃莂螃蚆膃蒅薅羄膂膄螁袀膁芇薄螆膀葿蝿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁蒅羇膇莃蚀袃膇蒅蒃蝿芆膅虿蚅芅芇蒁羃芄莀蚇罿芃薂蒀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆芀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈羅莁薅蚄羄蒃螀肂羄芃薃羈羃莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿蒄聿羀艿蚀羅聿莁蒂袁肈蒄蚈螇肈膃蒁蚃肇莆蚆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀肃莂螃蚆膃蒅薅羄膂膄螁袀膁芇薄螆膀葿蝿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁蒅羇膇莃蚀袃膇蒅蒃蝿芆膅虿蚅芅芇蒁羃芄莀蚇罿芃薂蒀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆芀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈羅莁薅蚄羄蒃螀肂羄芃薃羈羃莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿蒄聿羀艿蚀羅聿莁蒂袁肈蒄蚈螇肈膃蒁蚃肇莆蚆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀肃莂螃蚆膃蒅薅羄膂膄螁袀膁芇薄螆膀葿蝿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁蒅羇膇莃蚀袃膇蒅蒃蝿芆膅虿蚅芅芇蒁羃芄莀蚇罿芃薂蒀袅节节螅螁芁莄薈肀芁蒆螄羆芀蕿薆袂荿芈螂螈羅莁薅蚄羄蒃螀肂羄芃薃羈羃莅袈袄羂蒇蚁螀羁蕿蒄聿羀艿蚀羅聿莁蒂袁肈蒄蚈螇肈膃蒁蚃肇莆蚆肂肆蒈蕿羈肅薀螄袄肄芀薇螀肃莂螃蚆膃蒅薅羄膂膄螁袀膁芇薄螆膀葿蝿螂腿薁蚂肁膈芁蒅羇膇莃蚀袃膇蒅蒃蝿芆膅虿蚅芅芇聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿莅薃羈膂芁薂肀莇薀薁螀膀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆薈袆芇薂薇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅莄蚅螁肈芀蚄袃芃虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇蚁羀莀芃蚀肂膃薂蝿螂莈蒇螈袄膁莃螇肆莇荿螆腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羀芈蒀螄肃肁莆螃螂芆节袂袅聿薁袁羇芄蒇袀腿肇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃袇膆膄葿袆袆荿83