高中英语情态动词复习

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高中英语情态动词复习

情态动词\n情态动词定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气,时态性不强。\n动词情态can(could)may(might)will(would)shall(should)havetomustdare(dared)needoughttohadbetter\n情态动词的基本用法Can,could&beableto1.表示“能力”,can指现在,could指过去2.表示“可能性”3.表示“允许”,could比can语气更委婉4.表示惊讶、怀疑、迷惑等态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中)5.表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用couldThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.wasableto\nmay&might表示许可。表示请求、允许时,might比may更委婉。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”之意。用于祈使句中表示祝愿。表示推测、可能(不用于疑问句)。4.“Mayaswell+do”意为“不妨,倒不如做……”\n1.表示必须、应该。(must强调主观,haveto强调客观,在回答must的问句,表示“不必”时,常用neednot或don’thaveto来代替mustnot)“must+do”的结构表示推测。3.must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告.①John,lookatthetime._______youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?②Tom,you_______leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!③MayIsmokehere?---Ifyou______,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.must&havetoMustmustn’tmust\nshall&should1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人在征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2.shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3.should表示劝告、建议、命令。同义词是oughtto。在疑问句中常用should代替oughtto。在某些名词性从句中,should表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为“竟然”Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman________besorudetoalady.should\n①---What’sthename?---Khulaifi._______Ispellthatforyou?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might②---Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?---“Noperson________smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”A.will    B.may    C.shall     D.must\nwill&would表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉、客气。2.表示意志、愿望和决心。3.would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时,比usedto正式,且没有“现在已经没有此习惯”的含义。Whenhewasthere,he_______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.would\ndare&need1.dare“敢”,作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句。2.need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词用时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto或should.3.dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化。Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.Hedidnotdaretolookup.\n高考常考点一、情态动词表推测1.肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测;may(might),could的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”。\n①Helen_______goonthetripwithusbutsheisn’tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can②—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—It_______Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.couldbe\n2.否定推测分为两种情况:1)语气不很肯定时:常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,译为“可能不”、“也许不”①There’snolighton---they_______beathome.A.couldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t②Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need\n2)否定语气较强时:用can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩①—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.He______havegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’t②—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it_______behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot③---IsJackondutytoday?---It______behim.It’shisturntomorrow.A.mustn’tB.won’tC.can’tD.needn’t\n3.疑问句中的推测:用can或couldMr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must4.对已发生事情的推测:肯定猜测用must,may,might+现在完成时态;否定猜测can,could+现在完成时态①—Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might②MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where________Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would③—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—You________itinthewrongplace.A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveput\n1.肯定的推测:must“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should“很可能”、“应该”may,might“也许”、“可能”。语气强弱:must﹥should﹥may﹥might2.否定推测:①语气不很肯定时:maynot,mightnot或couldnot,译为“可能不”,“也许不”②否定语气较强时:can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”、“一定不是”3.疑问句的推测:用can或could4.对已发生事情的推测:肯定猜测用must,may,might+现在完成时态;否定猜测can,could+现在完成时态\n二、“情态动词+完成式”1.“should(oughtto)+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。“shouldn’t(oughtn’tto)+完成式”表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。2.“could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味。“couldn’t+完成式”表示本来不能够做某事而做了。3.“need+完成式”表示本来需要做某事而没有做“needn’t+have+done”表示本不需要做某事而做了。\n①—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You________herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold②Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I_____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teatB.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teat③Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need④—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone⑤Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_______havecomethismorning.A.mayn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t\n2010年情态动词各省区考题1.(全国︳29)Justbepatient.You______excepttheworldchangesosoon.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.willnot2.(全国‖17)I’mafraidMrHarding______seeyounow.heisbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldnotD.needn’t3.(上海29)Sorry,ProfessorSmith,Ididn’tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.OH,you_____havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn’tC.shouldD.shouldn’t4.(重庆21)You_____parkhere!It’sanemergencyexit.A.wouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t5.(四川3)________Itakethebookout?I’mafraidnot.A.willB.mayC.mustD.need\n6.(江西23)。Ihavetoldyouthetruth._____Ikeeprepeatingit?A.mustB.canC.mayD.will7.(北京23)Goodmorning,I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonalDepartment.Ah,goodmorning.You______beMrsPeters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can8.(山东25)I______havewatchedthatmovie-----it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t9(江苏25)Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.Don’tworry.You____haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may10.(天津9)Mark_______havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t\n11(浙江17)“you______haveawrongnumber,”shesaid“thereisnooneofthatnamehere.”A.needB.canC.mustD.could12(湖南23)You______buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto13(陕西23)MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?No,you______.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t14.(辽宁26)Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforheath,butit_____beregularexercise.A.canB.willC.mustD.may
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