20.4高中英语语法

20.4高中英语语法

20.4主语和谓语的一致20.4.1主语和谓语应在数上一致1）主语和谓语必须在数上一致，即复数主语须用复数谓语，单数助于需用单数谓语，不受修饰语的影响：Theresultsoftheresearcharetobepublishedsoon.Thetheoryadvancedbythesescientistsisquiteconvincing.Whatarehisviewsonthissubject?2)如果主语是一个抽象概念，一般都用单数谓语：Smokingcigarettesishazardoustoyourhealth.Thatsheshouldopposetheseideasisquitenatural.“Seniorcitizens”meanspeopleoversixty.3)当主语是and连接的两个名词时，在指一样东西时用单数谓语，若指两样东西则需用复数谓语：Ironandsteelindustryplaysanimportantroleinournationaleconomy.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.Tomeantodosomethingandtoactuallydoitaretwodifferentthings.4)如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,except这类词引导的短语，谓语仍用单数形式，因为这种短语多为修饰短语：John,togetherwithhiswife,wasattheparty.LilyaswellasHelenwasinmourning.Noonebutmyselfknowsanythingaboutit.20.4.2某些代词作主语时的谓语1）each和some,any,no,every构成的代词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Somebodywantstoseeyou,sir.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?There’sreallynothingtobesaid.2)both,some,many,few,all(ofthem)后的谓语多数用复数形式：Both(ofthem)areEnglish.Manyareforgoingbyplane.Allpresentareagainsttheidea.代表不可数东西的代词则跟单数谓语：Soallisgoingwell.Everylittlehelps.3)有些代词可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，根据意思来决定：Whohasborrowedmypen?Whoarethosegirls?Whichismyseat?Whichareseats?在个别情况下用单复数谓语都可以：Is(are)thereanyleft?Neitherofthedaysis(are)suitable.20.4.3一些集体名词作主语的情况1）有些集体名词都指复数的人或动物，后面都用复数谓语：\nThepolicearegoingtoquestionhim.Cattleareallowedtograzeonthevillagecommon.Mostbacteriagrowbestinslightlyacidmedium.2)有些集体名词课跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，视作整体时跟单数谓语，着重于所包含的成员时，则可跟复数谓语：Myfamilywasverypoor.Myfamilyarequitewell,Ihope.Therewasalargeaudienceattheconcert.Theaudiencearedressedinvarietyofways.有些集体名词后面的谓语用单数或复数都可以：Theenemyis(are)retreating.Theschool’steachingstaffis(are)excellent.Thedatais(are)correct.3)有些集体名词通常跟单数谓语：Theoppositionwasquicktoreplytothecharge.Thelocalpressthereisbehindtheappeal.Theplay’scastwasgivenastandingovation.20.4.4某些名词作主语时的情况1）有些名词，随着意思的不同，有时跟单数谓语，有时跟复数谓语：Halfofhisworkistodesignprogrammes.Halfofthemgotoprivateschools.Therewasaconsiderablevarietyofopinions.Agoodvarietyofflowerswereonshowthere.Youthistimeforaction.Theyouthoftodayareveryfondofdancing.2)有些单复同形的名词要根据意思决定谓语的形式：Allmeanshavebeentried.Onemeansisstilltobetried.Thisspeciesofroseisveryrare.Therearethousandsofspeciesofbutterflies.Heoffspringisherineveryrespect.Heroffspringareallinbedbynow.3)一些以-s结尾的单数名词，后面谓语也都做单数：Phoneticsisarequiredsubjectinourdepartment.Billiardsisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Measlesisacontagiousdisease.也有些以-s结尾的词后面跟单数或复数谓语：Mumpsare(is)fairyrareinadults.Mathematicsis（are）welltaughtinourschool.\nTheirheadquartersare(is)inNewYork.