高中英语“it”用法总结

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高中英语“it”用法总结

高中英语语法:It所构成的20个句型详解来源:英语网整理2011-12-2717:09:14[标签:高中语法句型][当前6702家长在线讨论]  根据it的用法特点可归纳为20个句型  1.Itis+被强调部分+that…  该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。  Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.  Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.  ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.  2.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that…  该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到…才…”,可以说是not…until…的强调形式。  ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.  =NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.  =Ididn'trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.  3.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that……  该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显然,真的,肯定…)” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。  Itisveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree.  =Thathe'sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.  4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural…)that…  该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同,that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。\n  Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.  Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.  5.Itissaid(reported,learned…)that…  该句型中的it仍是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉…)”。  ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.  Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.  6.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…  该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省。常译为“据建议;有命令…)  Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.  Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.  7.Itisapity(ashame…)that…  该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去。表示出乎意料,常译为”竟然“。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。  Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!  Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遗憾! 8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that…  该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟。②有时也用should+动词原形,should不能省。常译为”是(正是)…的时侯…“。  Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.  9.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…  该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时用this替换。常译为”是第一(二)…次…“。  ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeen\nhere.  10.Itis…since…  该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。  Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.  11.Itis…when…  该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的it指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为”当…的时候,是…“。  Itwas5o'clockwhenhecamehere.  12.Itbe…before…  该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态。主句中的表语多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为”…之后…“。  Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.  Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.  13.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that…  该句型中it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen,seem等词是不及物动词。  Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧  Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来…  14.Ittakessb.…todosth.  该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为”做…要花费某人…“。  IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.  15.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.  该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是nogood,(notanygood),nouse,(notanyuse)。  ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.16.Itdoesn'tmatterwhether(if)…\n  该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为 ”不论(是否)…没关系…  Itdoesn'tmatteriftheyareold.  17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.  该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有:  bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(错误的)等。这个句型可以改写为:sb.iskindtodosth.  Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.  18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.  该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:①important,necessary,natural②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。  在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如:  Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty  19.Itlooks(seems)asif…  该句型中it无意义。asif引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好象…”如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。  Itlooksasifheisill.(真的病了)  Itlooksasifhewereill.(没有生病)  Itseemedasifheweredying.  20.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.  该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。6指主句中常用的动词:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel;1指的是形式宾语it;2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.1.Ilike_____________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.\n  A.thisB.thatC.itD.one  [解析]C.句中like为及物动词,后面需要跟宾语。而like之后不可直接接从句作宾语。it可用于某些动词(hate,appreciate…)和介词之后作笼统宾语。  2.Hewasnearlydrownedonce.  Whenwas_____________?  _____________wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.  A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This  [解析]A.第一空用that指代上文提到的事情;第二空用it指代第一空的that  3.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.  A.theyB.itC.oneD.which  [解析]B此处it指代前面出现的anewhouse.it指代上文提到的同一事物,为特指;而one通常指代同类事物中的某一个。  4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee__________.  A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis  [解析]D此处it用作人称代词,指不明身份,性别的人;宾语从句应用陈述语序。  5.Infact_____________isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.  A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it  [解析]D此处it用作形式主语。  6.Mike'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but________didn'thelp.  A.heB.itC.sheD.which  [解析]B此处it用以指代前面的句子,可用that替换。  7.Sinceyouhaverepairedmycomputer,_____________isnoneedformetobuyanewone.  A.itB.thereC.thisD.that  [解析]B考查固定句型Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth  8.Theofficialmade________clearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolve\ntheproblem.  A.itB.thisC.thatD.him  [解析]A此处it用作形式宾语。  9.Doyoulike_____________here?  Oh,yes,theair,theweatherandthewayoflife.Everythingissonice.  A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it  [解析]D此处it泛指自然环境。  10.Bill'saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisinginTVisillegal,_____________?  A.isn'titB.isitC.isn'theD.ishe  [解析]A主语为“Bill'saim”。  11._____________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.  A.whichB.AsC.ThatD.It  [解析]B非限制性定语从句中,as/which均可指代整句话的内容,但which只能放在主句后,译为“这一点”;as则位置灵活,译为“正如”。  12.Itwaswithgreatjoy_____________hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.  A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that  [解析]D考查强调句型。  13.Itwas_____________backhomeaftertheexperiment.  A.notuntilmidnightdidhego_____________B.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgo  C.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo  [解析]C考查notuntil结构强调句型。  14.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess._____________Youwantmetosay?  A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat  [解析]A考查强调句型的特殊疑问句句式。\n  15.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____________mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.  A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it  [解析]B考查强调句型。被强调部分是notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare(but)theabilitytodothejob.为了平衡结构,部分移至句尾。  HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.1.Ittookusoveranhour_____________alongthestreet.  A.walk B.towalk C.walking D.walked  2.Ithinkitagreathonour_____________tovisityourcountry.  A.toinvite B.inviting  C.havinginvited D.tobeinvited  3.Manypeoplenowmake_____________ aruletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbefore  Christmas.  A.themselves   B.it   C.that   D.this  4._____________isverycleartoeveryonethathe'sroundandtalllikeatree.  A.This   B.What   C.That   D.It  5.IntheUnitedStates,bustraveldoesn'tcostmuchastraintravel,_____________ ?  A.don'tthey B.doesit  C.dothey   D.doesn'tit  6.Someoneisatthedoor,whois_____________?  A.this   B.that   C.it   D.he  7.—Itisrainingcatsanddogs.  —_____________ .  A.SoitisB.Soisit\n  C.Neitheritis     D.Neitherisit  8.—Myhomeisinthattallbuildingoverthere.  —_______________?  A.Canitsee     B.Canseeit  C.Canbeseenit   D.Canitbeseen  9._____________raininghardfor3hourswithoutstopping.  A.Itis   B.Itwas   C.Ithasbeen   D.Ithadbeen  10.—Hastheboygothisbicyclenow?  —Yes,thepolicegave_____________ .  A.himtohim   B.ittoit  C.ittohim    D.himtoit  11.—Boy,  —Itis,lookslikespringiscomingsoon.  —Yeh,It'lljustbeafewmoreweeks.  A.it'sreallyanicedaytoday,isn'tit?  B.whatknidofweatherarewegoingtohavetoday?  C.doyouthinkitisgoingtoraintoday?  D.what'itlikeoutsidetoday?  12.Itisimportant_____________theiroffer.  A.reject   B.rejects   C.toreject   D.rejecting  13.Has_____________beendecidedwhenwearetoholdthesports-meeting?  A.that   B.this   C.it   D.what  14.—DidLiLeicallmewhileIwasout?  —Yes,itwas_____________thatcalledyou.  A.him   B.he   C.who   D.whom  15.Nothingiswrongwiththeradio_____________ ?  A.isn'tit   B.isthat   C.isit   D.isn'tthat\n  16.Idon'tknow_____________ makesherafraidofhavingherbusinessdiscussed.  A.whatitisaboutMarythat  B.thatisitabutMarywhat  C.whatisitaboutMarythat  D.thatisaboutMarywhat  17.Whichsentenceiswrong?  A.Ifeltitimpossibleforhimtotaketheexam.  B.Ifounditimpossiblethathemighttaketheexam.  C.Ithoughtthathemightnottaketheexam.  D.Inmyopinionhemighttaketheexam.  18.Idon'tthink_____________ difficultforaChinesestudenttomasteraforeign  languagewithinfiveyears  A.that   B.it   C.too   D.very  19.It'sthesecondtimeyou_____________latethisweek.  A.arrive   B.arrived   C.havearrived   D.hadarrived  20.Itwillnotbe _____________wemeetagain.  A.longbefore   B.beforelong  C.soonafter    D.shortlyafter  21.It'sdemandedthatwe_____________thereonfoot.  A.nottogo   B.don'tgo   C.notgo   D.won'tgo  22.“It”isoftenusedto_____________ababy.  A.meanto   B.stickto   C.pointto   D.referto  23.Itwasnotuntil1936_____________basketballbecamearegularpartoftheOlympic  Games.\n  A.that   B.when   C.which   D.then  24.______________youmettheEnglishman?  A.Whereitwasthat   B.Whoitwasthat  C.Wherewasitthat   D.Wherewasthat  25._____________thatshehasgonetotheUnitedStates?  A.Wasittrue   B.Isittrue  C.Itistrue    D.Itwastrue  26._________certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.  A.That's   B.Thisis   C.It's   D.What's  27. __________in1914_____________ theFirstWorldWarbrokeout?  A.Wasthat,that   B.Wasthat,when  C.Wasit.that    D.Wasit,when  28.Itisimportantthatshe_____________withMrWilliamsimmediately.  A.speak   B.spoke  C.willspeak   D.tospeak  29.___________thatthere′sanothergoodharvestthisyear.  A.Itsays   B.Itissaid   D.Itwassaid   D.Hewassaid  30.It'llbethefirsttime_____________ theplay.  A.I'vewatched   B.I'llwatch  C.Iwatch  D.Iwouldwatch  31.It'snouse_____________ overspiltmilk.  A.cry   B.crying   C.thatyoucry   D.foryoutocry  32.Itwasgreatjoy_____________hereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwould  returnhome  A.as   B.that   C.so   D.for  参考答案  1.B2.D3.B4.D5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.C  11.A12.C13.C14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A\n  21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.C28.A29.B30.A  31.B32.B高中英语语法:It的完整用法精讲来源:英语网整理2011-12-2717:04:55[标签:高中语法][当前6838家长在线讨论]  it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。  1.人称代词it,是第三人称单数中性,代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如:  1)Thatvaseisvaluable.It'smorethan200yearsold.那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。  2)Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.我喜欢游泳,它能使我保持健康。  当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可用it来表示。如:  3)It'salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩?  it可用来指代团体。如:  4)Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejectedtheproposal.委员会已开过会,拒绝了这项建议。  it用以代替指示代词this,that.如:  5)---What'sthis?---It'sapen.—这是什么?—是一支钢笔。  6)---Whosebookisthat?---It'sMike's.—那是谁的书?—是迈克的。  2.指示代词it,常用以指人。如:  7)Goandseewhoitis.去看看是谁。  8)---Whoismakingsuchanoise?—是谁发出这样的吵闹声?  ---Itmustbethechildren.—一定是孩子们。  3.虚义it无指代性,常用作没有具体意义的主语,出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如:  9)Itishalfpastthreenow.现在是三点半钟。  10)Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.这里离最近的医院也有六英里。\n  11)Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark.  天气很冷;天下着雪,渐渐地变黑了。 it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如:  12)It'sawful—I'vegotsomuchworkIdon'tknowwheretostart.糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。  13)Howisitgoingwithyou?你近况如何?  14)Takeiteasy.不要紧张。  it也常用于下列结构:  15)Itlooksasifthecollegeisverysmall.看起来这个学院很小。  16)Itseemsasthoughourplanwillbeperfect.似乎我们的计划很完善。  17)It'smyturn.该轮到我了。  it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语,各该习惯用语有具体意义,但it并无具体意义。如:  cabit乘车catchit受责,受罚comeit尽自己分内comeitstrong做得过分walkit步行makeit办成takeitoutofsomebody拿某人出气  4.先行词it.  it充当形式主语或形式宾语,本身无意义,只起一种先行引导的作用,先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。  (1)用作形式主语  18)Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.翻译这篇文章很难。  19)Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.懒汉谋生是日益困难了。  20)Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么时候我再给你打电话最合适?  21)Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.这么早去那里没有用。  22)Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtovisitme.你的来访是我很大的荣幸。  23)Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.真奇怪,他竟还没来。  24)Itdoesn'tmatterwhatyoudo.什么都没关系。  在上述诸例中,后置的真正主语可以取代先行it的位置,而出现于句首。\n  Totranslatethisarticleisdifficult.  Goingtheresoearlyisnouse.  Thathedidnotcomeatallisstrange.  上述结构远不如用先行it结构普通。此外,也并非所有先行it结构都可作上述转换。如:  25)ItseemsthatJohnisnotcomingafterall.似乎约翰终竟不来。  26)IthappenedthatJohnwastheonlywitness.碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。  上述两例只能转换为:  Johndoesn'tseemtobecomingafterall.  Johnhappenedtobetheonlywitness.  (2)用作形式宾语  27)Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。  28)Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。  29)Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他们对他的死保密。  30)Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。
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