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高中英语“it”用法总结
高中英语语法:It所构成的20个句型详解来源:英语网整理2011-12-2717:09:14[标签:高中语法句型][当前6702家长在线讨论] 根据it的用法特点可归纳为20个句型 1.Itis+被强调部分+that… 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade. Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday. ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather. 2.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that… 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到…才…”,可以说是not…until…的强调形式。 ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar. =NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar. =Ididn'trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses. 3.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that…… 该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显然,真的,肯定…)” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 Itisveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree. =Thathe'sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear. 4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural…)that… 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同,that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。\n Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell. Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords. 5.Itissaid(reported,learned…)that… 该句型中的it仍是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉…)”。 ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing. Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit. 6.Itissuggested(ordered…)that… 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省。常译为“据建议;有命令…) Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff. Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours. 7.Itisapity(ashame…)that… 该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去。表示出乎意料,常译为”竟然“。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。 Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾! Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遗憾! 8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that… 该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟。②有时也用should+动词原形,should不能省。常译为”是(正是)…的时侯…“。 Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed. 9.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat… 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时用this替换。常译为”是第一(二)…次…“。 ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeen\nhere. 10.Itis…since… 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。 Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied. 11.Itis…when… 该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的it指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为”当…的时候,是…“。 Itwas5o'clockwhenhecamehere. 12.Itbe…before… 该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态。主句中的表语多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为”…之后…“。 Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing. Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob. 13.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that… 该句型中it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen,seem等词是不及物动词。 Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧 Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来… 14.Ittakessb.…todosth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为”做…要花费某人…“。 IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall. 15.Itisnogood(use)doingsth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是nogood,(notanygood),nouse,(notanyuse)。 ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.16.Itdoesn'tmatterwhether(if)…\n 该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为 ”不论(是否)…没关系… Itdoesn'tmatteriftheyareold. 17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有: bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(错误的)等。这个句型可以改写为:sb.iskindtodosth. Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso. 18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:①important,necessary,natural②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如: Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty 19.Itlooks(seems)asif… 该句型中it无意义。asif引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好象…”如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。 Itlooksasifheisill.(真的病了) Itlooksasifhewereill.(没有生病) Itseemedasifheweredying. 20.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage. 该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。6指主句中常用的动词:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel;1指的是形式宾语it;2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.1.Ilike_____________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.\n A.thisB.thatC.itD.one [解析]C.句中like为及物动词,后面需要跟宾语。而like之后不可直接接从句作宾语。it可用于某些动词(hate,appreciate…)和介词之后作笼统宾语。 2.Hewasnearlydrownedonce. Whenwas_____________? _____________wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool. A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This [解析]A.第一空用that指代上文提到的事情;第二空用it指代第一空的that 3.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein. A.theyB.itC.oneD.which [解析]B此处it指代前面出现的anewhouse.it指代上文提到的同一事物,为特指;而one通常指代同类事物中的某一个。 4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee__________. A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis [解析]D此处it用作人称代词,指不明身份,性别的人;宾语从句应用陈述语序。 5.Infact_____________isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch. A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it [解析]D此处it用作形式主语。 6.Mike'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but________didn'thelp. A.heB.itC.sheD.which [解析]B此处it用以指代前面的句子,可用that替换。 7.Sinceyouhaverepairedmycomputer,_____________isnoneedformetobuyanewone. A.itB.thereC.thisD.that [解析]B考查固定句型Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth 8.Theofficialmade________clearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolve\ntheproblem. A.itB.thisC.thatD.him [解析]A此处it用作形式宾语。 9.Doyoulike_____________here? Oh,yes,theair,theweatherandthewayoflife.Everythingissonice. A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it [解析]D此处it泛指自然环境。 10.Bill'saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisinginTVisillegal,_____________? A.isn'titB.isitC.isn'theD.ishe [解析]A主语为“Bill'saim”。 11._____________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing. A.whichB.AsC.ThatD.It [解析]B非限制性定语从句中,as/which均可指代整句话的内容,但which只能放在主句后,译为“这一点”;as则位置灵活,译为“正如”。 12.Itwaswithgreatjoy_____________hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound. A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that [解析]D考查强调句型。 13.Itwas_____________backhomeaftertheexperiment. A.notuntilmidnightdidhego_____________B.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgo C.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo [解析]C考查notuntil结构强调句型。 14.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess._____________Youwantmetosay? A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat [解析]A考查强调句型的特殊疑问句句式。\n 15.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____________mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare. A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it [解析]B考查强调句型。被强调部分是notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare(but)theabilitytodothejob.为了平衡结构,部分移至句尾。 HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.1.Ittookusoveranhour_____________alongthestreet. A.walk B.towalk C.walking D.walked 2.Ithinkitagreathonour_____________tovisityourcountry. A.toinvite B.inviting C.havinginvited D.tobeinvited 3.Manypeoplenowmake_____________ aruletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbefore Christmas. A.themselves B.it C.that D.this 4._____________isverycleartoeveryonethathe'sroundandtalllikeatree. A.This B.What C.That D.It 5.IntheUnitedStates,bustraveldoesn'tcostmuchastraintravel,_____________ ? A.don'tthey B.doesit C.dothey D.doesn'tit 6.Someoneisatthedoor,whois_____________? A.this B.that C.it D.he 7.—Itisrainingcatsanddogs. —_____________ . A.SoitisB.Soisit\n C.Neitheritis D.Neitherisit 8.—Myhomeisinthattallbuildingoverthere. —_______________? A.Canitsee B.Canseeit C.Canbeseenit D.Canitbeseen 9._____________raininghardfor3hourswithoutstopping. A.Itis B.Itwas C.Ithasbeen D.Ithadbeen 10.—Hastheboygothisbicyclenow? —Yes,thepolicegave_____________ . A.himtohim B.ittoit C.ittohim D.himtoit 11.—Boy, —Itis,lookslikespringiscomingsoon. —Yeh,It'lljustbeafewmoreweeks. A.it'sreallyanicedaytoday,isn'tit? B.whatknidofweatherarewegoingtohavetoday? C.doyouthinkitisgoingtoraintoday? D.what'itlikeoutsidetoday? 12.Itisimportant_____________theiroffer. A.reject B.rejects C.toreject D.rejecting 13.Has_____________beendecidedwhenwearetoholdthesports-meeting? A.that B.this C.it D.what 14.—DidLiLeicallmewhileIwasout? —Yes,itwas_____________thatcalledyou. A.him B.he C.who D.whom 15.Nothingiswrongwiththeradio_____________ ? A.isn'tit B.isthat C.isit D.isn'tthat\n 16.Idon'tknow_____________ makesherafraidofhavingherbusinessdiscussed. A.whatitisaboutMarythat B.thatisitabutMarywhat C.whatisitaboutMarythat D.thatisaboutMarywhat 17.Whichsentenceiswrong? A.Ifeltitimpossibleforhimtotaketheexam. B.Ifounditimpossiblethathemighttaketheexam. C.Ithoughtthathemightnottaketheexam. D.Inmyopinionhemighttaketheexam. 18.Idon'tthink_____________ difficultforaChinesestudenttomasteraforeign languagewithinfiveyears A.that B.it C.too D.very 19.It'sthesecondtimeyou_____________latethisweek. A.arrive B.arrived C.havearrived D.hadarrived 20.Itwillnotbe _____________wemeetagain. A.longbefore B.beforelong C.soonafter D.shortlyafter 21.It'sdemandedthatwe_____________thereonfoot. A.nottogo B.don'tgo C.notgo D.won'tgo 22.“It”isoftenusedto_____________ababy. A.meanto B.stickto C.pointto D.referto 23.Itwasnotuntil1936_____________basketballbecamearegularpartoftheOlympic Games.\n A.that B.when C.which D.then 24.______________youmettheEnglishman? A.Whereitwasthat B.Whoitwasthat C.Wherewasitthat D.Wherewasthat 25._____________thatshehasgonetotheUnitedStates? A.Wasittrue B.Isittrue C.Itistrue D.Itwastrue 26._________certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction. A.That's B.Thisis C.It's D.What's 27. __________in1914_____________ theFirstWorldWarbrokeout? A.Wasthat,that B.Wasthat,when C.Wasit.that D.Wasit,when 28.Itisimportantthatshe_____________withMrWilliamsimmediately. A.speak B.spoke C.willspeak D.tospeak 29.___________thatthere′sanothergoodharvestthisyear. A.Itsays B.Itissaid D.Itwassaid D.Hewassaid 30.It'llbethefirsttime_____________ theplay. A.I'vewatched B.I'llwatch C.Iwatch D.Iwouldwatch 31.It'snouse_____________ overspiltmilk. A.cry B.crying C.thatyoucry D.foryoutocry 32.Itwasgreatjoy_____________hereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwould returnhome A.as B.that C.so D.for 参考答案 1.B2.D3.B4.D5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.C 11.A12.C13.C14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A\n 21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.C28.A29.B30.A 31.B32.B高中英语语法:It的完整用法精讲来源:英语网整理2011-12-2717:04:55[标签:高中语法][当前6838家长在线讨论] it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1.人称代词it,是第三人称单数中性,代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如: 1)Thatvaseisvaluable.It'smorethan200yearsold.那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。 2)Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.我喜欢游泳,它能使我保持健康。 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可用it来表示。如: 3)It'salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩? it可用来指代团体。如: 4)Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejectedtheproposal.委员会已开过会,拒绝了这项建议。 it用以代替指示代词this,that.如: 5)---What'sthis?---It'sapen.—这是什么?—是一支钢笔。 6)---Whosebookisthat?---It'sMike's.—那是谁的书?—是迈克的。 2.指示代词it,常用以指人。如: 7)Goandseewhoitis.去看看是谁。 8)---Whoismakingsuchanoise?—是谁发出这样的吵闹声? ---Itmustbethechildren.—一定是孩子们。 3.虚义it无指代性,常用作没有具体意义的主语,出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如: 9)Itishalfpastthreenow.现在是三点半钟。 10)Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.这里离最近的医院也有六英里。\n 11)Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark. 天气很冷;天下着雪,渐渐地变黑了。 it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如: 12)It'sawful—I'vegotsomuchworkIdon'tknowwheretostart.糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。 13)Howisitgoingwithyou?你近况如何? 14)Takeiteasy.不要紧张。 it也常用于下列结构: 15)Itlooksasifthecollegeisverysmall.看起来这个学院很小。 16)Itseemsasthoughourplanwillbeperfect.似乎我们的计划很完善。 17)It'smyturn.该轮到我了。 it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语,各该习惯用语有具体意义,但it并无具体意义。如: cabit乘车catchit受责,受罚comeit尽自己分内comeitstrong做得过分walkit步行makeit办成takeitoutofsomebody拿某人出气 4.先行词it. it充当形式主语或形式宾语,本身无意义,只起一种先行引导的作用,先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。 (1)用作形式主语 18)Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.翻译这篇文章很难。 19)Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.懒汉谋生是日益困难了。 20)Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么时候我再给你打电话最合适? 21)Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.这么早去那里没有用。 22)Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtovisitme.你的来访是我很大的荣幸。 23)Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.真奇怪,他竟还没来。 24)Itdoesn'tmatterwhatyoudo.什么都没关系。 在上述诸例中,后置的真正主语可以取代先行it的位置,而出现于句首。\n Totranslatethisarticleisdifficult. Goingtheresoearlyisnouse. Thathedidnotcomeatallisstrange. 上述结构远不如用先行it结构普通。此外,也并非所有先行it结构都可作上述转换。如: 25)ItseemsthatJohnisnotcomingafterall.似乎约翰终竟不来。 26)IthappenedthatJohnwastheonlywitness.碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。 上述两例只能转换为: Johndoesn'tseemtobecomingafterall. Johnhappenedtobetheonlywitness. (2)用作形式宾语 27)Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。 28)Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。 29)Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他们对他的死保密。 30)Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。查看更多