初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习

初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习

宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： Iknowtheman.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman. 主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块:1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Iknow…2.Shesays…3.Tellyourfriend…（that）1.Thisisabook.2.Youlikesinging.3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：(1)IsJimagoodstudent?　Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…7\n2.Iwanttoknow…3.Theteacherasks…if/whether1.Ishereading?2.Doyougetupatsix?3.DoesTomworkhard?4.DidyouwatchTV?5.Willtheyreadbooks?6.Canyousing?注意：只能用whether不用if的三种情况•一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：•①与ornot连用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.•②在介词之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings•③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Canyoutellme…1.Whatisthis?2.Whatareyoudoing?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Whendoeshegetup?7\n1.Howdidyougotowork?2.Whowillyouplaywith?Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteacher.注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。7\nTheteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12)What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they_____friedchicken.15）WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.单项选择1）Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./7\n答案：D　hope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A　从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：A　本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________？I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry，Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer？—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.／；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy答案：A　doyouthink是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C　句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由lastweek判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart答案：C　由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。7\n经典例题例1　Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案：D黑色陷阱：本题的主要陷阱是书名WhoMovedMyCheese，它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。绿色通道：在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。例2　Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。绿色通道：做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。例3　(2010江苏苏州中考)—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals思路解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how，注意本句中隐含句型callsb.sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。绿色通道：解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。例4　(2010北京中考)I’mdifferentfrommytwinsister.Ilovedancing，________sheisinterestedin7\nreading.A.soB.orC.butD.and思路解析：本句是转折关系，选择C项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选D项。绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。例5　(2010重庆中考)Workhard，________youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.A.orB.butC.andD.yet思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意为“努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的”，and在句中表示承接关系，所以选C项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“祈使句＋or”，这个句型的含义是“……，不然的话/否则……”。绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定7