初中非谓语动词讲解和练习

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初中非谓语动词讲解和练习

一、非谓语动词的定义及其形式1.在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。2.非谓语动词的形式动名词:doing不定式:todo请看下列句子:Ienjoymusic.Ienjoylisteningtomusic.Iwantwater.Iwanttodrinkwater.二、动名词和不定式作宾语1.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有:enjoy,finish,practice,mind,spend等。enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事spend…doingsth.花费…...做某事口诀:喜欢完成练习,介意花费。e.g.Heenjoyslisteningtotheradio.他喜欢听收音机。Ihavelearned200Chinesewords,butIkeepforgettingsomeofthem.我已经学了200多个汉字,但有些总是记不住。2.只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词。在现行初中英语课本中动词有:decide,want,wouldlike,plan,beused,refuse,help等。decidetodosth.决定做某事want/wouldliketodosth.想要做某事plantodosth.计划做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事refusetodosth.拒绝做某事helptodosth.帮忙做某事口诀:决定想要做计划,被人拒绝不帮忙。e.g.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.他同意找人来帮我们的忙。Mr.Whitewishtospeaktoyou.怀特先生想要跟你讲话。\n3.既能跟动词不定式也能跟动名词形式作宾语的动词有:like,love,begin,start,hate。在这种情况下,它们区别不大。TomorrowIstarttowork(working).明天我开始工作。Doyouliketoplay(playing)football?你爱踢足球吗?但在下面情况下一般用动词不定式作宾语:①wouldlike/love后,表示特定动作时。Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?你要不要留个话儿?②当谓语已经用了进行时态时。It’sbeginningtorain.天开始下雨了。③在begin后非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时。Webegantothinkofthisquestion.我们开始考虑这个问题。Shebegantobelievehisstory.她开始相信他的故事。4.动名词和动词不定式作宾语时意思不同的动词。(1)remember,forget,stop,goon,regret等动词后跟动名词作宾语时,表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前;跟动词不定式作宾语时,表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。试比较下面的句子:Iremembertellingyouaboutitonce.这事我记得曾和你谈过一次。Youmustremembertowritetouswhenyougetthere.到那里时,千万别忘了给我们写信。Goonreadingthetext.继续读课文。Afterhefinishedthecomposition,hewentontodohishomework.他写完作文后接着做作业。Shestoppedspeaking.她停止讲话。HestoppedtospeaktoMartin.他停下来和马丁说话。(2)try和mean跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语时,在意思上差别很大。a.try跟动名词作宾语时是“试着做某事”的意思;而跟动词不定式作宾语时是“设法做某事”的意思。试比较下面句子:Shetriedwritingacomposition.她试着写作文。Shetriedtogetyouonthephone.她设法打电话找你。b.mean跟动名词作宾语时是“意思是、意味着”的意思;而跟动词不定式时是“企图、打算”的意思。试比较下面句子:Thismeanswastingmuchmoney.这意味着浪费很多钱。Imeanttocallonyou.ButIwassobusy.我是想来看望你的,但我太忙了。remembertodosomething记着去做某事(现在还没有做)rememberdoingsomething记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事)forgettodosomething忘记去做某事(现在还没有做)\nforgetdoingsomething忘记曾做过某事(以前做过某事)stoptodosomething开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事)stopdoingsomething停止做某事(停止正在做的事)trytodosomething努力、尽力做某事trydoingsomething试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果)regrettodosomething对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜regretdoingsomething对已经做过的事感到后悔meantodosomething打算,想,意图…meandoingsomething意味着三、动名词和不定式作宾语的区别动名词作宾语的特点是正在做某事,强调的是同时发生;而不定式作宾语的特点是要去做某事,强调的是即将发生。常用必背(1)常用doing形式作宾语的动词和词组有advise建议allow允许miss错过resist抵抗mind介意feellike想要enjoy喜欢finish完成keep保持putoff推迟feellike想要giveup放弃keepon持续allow允许practice练习imagine想象consider考虑can’thelp禁不住lookforwardto盼望suggest建议spend花费(2)常用todo作宾语的动词有ask要求wish希望offer提供decide决定help帮助learn学会agree同意refuse拒绝hope希望want想要expect期望promise答应plan计划afford承担起prepare准备manage成功arrange安排help帮助【注】此to非彼to,试比较:lookforwardtodoingsth.payattentiontodoingsth.beusedtodoingsth.\n【例题精讲】1.—Doyoustillrememberme,Lingling?—Yes,ofcourse.Iremembered_____youinJUSCOlastyear.A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeing解析:本题考查remember后接动名词和不定式作宾语的区别。rememberdoingsth.表示记得做过某事,remembertodosth.表示记得要去做某事。结合关键信息“Doyoustillrememberme?”以及”lastyear”可得出答案为D。2.Myfatherhasdecided______becausesmokingisbadforhishealth.A.tostoptosmokeB.tostopsmokingC.stoppingsmokingD.stoptosmoke解析:考查不定式和动名词的用法。Decide只接todo作宾语,意为决定要做某事。而stopdoingsth.和stoptodosth.分别表示停止正在做的事和停下来去做某事,从句中“becausesmokingisbadforhishealth”可知父亲目前有吸烟的习惯,正打算戒烟,也就是“停止吸烟”。综上可知,本题选B。拓展·延伸请看下列句子,并分析其结构Lucyinvitedmetoattendherbirthdayparty.MymotherallowsmetowatchTVonweekend.可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask,tell,order,invite,allow,wish,want,encourage,advise,warn等。e.g.I’llgetafriendtohelpyou.我将交个朋友帮你的忙。Themanwarnedthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.那个人提醒孩子们不要在街上踢足球。Ioftenhearhersingintheclassroom.我经常听见她在教室里唱歌。【注】省略to的不定式。常见的结构有:seesb.dosth.hearsb.dosth.letsb.dosth.makesb.dosth.\n【小试牛刀】请翻译下列句子妈妈鼓励我不要放弃。(放弃:giveup)他希望我参加明天的会议。让我们去散步吧。课堂小结遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时,注意动名词和不定式的区别,动名词表示正在做,而不定式表示要去做,但是现在还没做。除了常见的搭配以外,可根据它们本身所具有的特点,推断不同的动词后接哪种形式的非谓语动词作宾语。平时做题的过程中也要注意这方面的积累。课堂练习一、单项选择。【2010四川广安】1.—Pleaseremember______thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.—OK,Iwill.A.turnoffB.toturnoffC.turningoff【2010甘肃定西】2.Theboyislookingforwardtoagoodtimeaftertheexam.A.tohaveB.hasC.havingD.have【2010重庆】3.James,I’mtootired.Let’sstop____arest.A.havingB.haveC.tohavingD.tohave【2010湖北孝感】4.Jacktookaninterestin_____ping-pongsoonafterhecametoChina.A.playingB.playsC.playD.played【2011福州】5.—Don’tforget_____yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.—Thanks.Iwon’t.A.bringB.tobringC.bringing【2011广安】6.—Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?\n—Ioftenpractice____English.A.speakB.tospeakC.speaking【2011河源】7.Remember________thebooktothelibrarywhenyoufinish_______it.A.toreturn;toreadB.returning;readingC.toreturn;readingC.returning;toread【2011广州】8.MayIhavearest?Ihavealreadyfinished______thereport.A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.written【2011四川成都】9.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystoppedandlayontheground,soweallstoppedwhatwaswrongwithhim.A.torun;toseeB.running;seeingC.running;tosee【2011江苏徐州】10.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_______.A.togooutB.nottogooutC.tonotgooutD.notgoingout二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.OnJune1st,parentsusuallyspendmoneyin__________(buy)picturebooksfortheirchildrenaspresents.2.Ifyousetyourmind__________(do)it,you’llbesuccessfulintheend.3.Mr.Smithaskedus________(wear)oldclothestoschoolthenextday.4.Jimdecided_________(leave)PollytoLinFengwhenhewasbacktoEngland.5.Wouldyoulike_________(buy)abottleoforangeforme?6.Ifyouaretired,youcanstop_________(have)arest.7.Hefounditnoteasy_________(do)itwell.8.Idon’tfeellike________(have)medicineeventhoughIamill.
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