高考英语 It的用法与高考

高考英语 It的用法与高考

it的用法与高考谈起it，真可谓词小作用大。it的用法一直是高考命题的热点,也是教学中的重点与难点。下面结合高考试题来对其常考点和特殊用法进行归纳。一、it用作代词的用法1.it用作人称代词，可指人，也可指物。用来代替前面已经出现的词、词组或句子，以避免重复。1>.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.(93)A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it2>.—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Wallyougoandborrow?—No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.[2020陕西卷]A.oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;It2．it用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、气候、季节、温度、环境等或虚指的情境。例如：Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.3．代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。如：Whatabeautifulbaby----isitaboy?4．指代心目中或上文中的人或事物。3>----Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere?----No,it___behim.I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.(2020.全国.29)A.can'tB.mustnotC.won'tD.maynot4>----Doyoulike_____here?----Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(2020.全国.32)A.thisB.theseC.thatD.itit可以指代"未指明,但谈话双方心里都明白的那件事或那种情况",在本题情景中it指"这儿的情况(thesituationhere)"。又如:Ican'tstandit(=thissituation)anylonger!How'sit(=yourlife,work,etc.)going?\nHeisfifty,buthedoesn’tlookit.(fiftyyearsold)It还可以指"已知的或暗含的事实或情况，例如：5>TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(2002.全国.25)A.theyB.itC.oneD.which在此指"买房之后的情况"。又如:Shewasfrightened,buttriednottoshowit.她非常恐惧,但竭力没有表现出来。二、it可在句子中作主语或宾语，用来代替一个名词，一个短语，一个分句或一个句子，以避免它们在句子中的重复。为了避免句中作真正主语的动词不定式短语、动名词短语和名词性从句(一般都比较长)置于句首时造成头重脚轻，习惯上用it作形式主语置于句首，指代后面的真正主语，使句子显得流畅,保持句子的平衡。而且，作形式主语的代词只能用it，不能用that，this等词.㈠it作形式主语的用法1.It+be＋形容词(＋forsb./sth．)＋动词不定式此句型中的形容词用来描述动词不定式所指代的事情的特点。相当于todosth.is+adj+.forsb./sth，用于此句型的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，impossible，necessary，good，bad，natural,safe,common,normal,dangerous,unusual,rare,pleasant等。6>Is___necessarytotellhisfathereverything?(87)A.itB.thatC.whatD.he7>Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?(89)A. this　　　 B. that　　　 C. it　　　　　　 D. he　8>Is___possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(88)A.nowB.manC.thatD.it2.It+be＋形容词＋ofsb．＋动词不定式此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind,nice,wise,clever,brave,silly,foolish,stupid,polite,impolite,rude,friendly,careless,cruel,honest,lazy,\nmodest,naughty,selfish,wrong,right,等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.is+adj.+todosth.3.It+be＋名词(＋forsb./sth．)＋动词不定式用于此句型的名词有：apity,ashame,apleasure,agreatjoy,awasteoftime,one’sturn,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,goodmanners,badmanners等。例如：Itisourdutytoservethepeople.4.It+be＋形容词/名词＋doingsth．此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no/littleuse,no/muchgood,no/muchharm,no/awonder,useless,senseless,dangerous,enjoyable,worthwhile等。如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。9>___feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.[2020全国卷II]A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That5.It+谓语+名词从句(主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)it作形式主语,that从句作真正主语,常见的句型有:⑴It+be+形容词(obvious,true,,surprising,wonderful,funny,,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that…⑵It+be+形容词(importantnecessary,right,possiblestrange,natural...)thatsb.(should)dosth.⑶It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,nosurprise,afact,apleasure,asurprise,anhonor,apity,commonsenseetc.)+that…10>_____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage(1995.37)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It11>TheForeignMinistersaid,“____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2020.北京.24)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis\n12>Hehasn’tsleptatallforthreedays.___heistiredout.(2020.湖北.30)A．ThereisnopointB．ThereisnoneedC．ItisnowonderD．Itisnoway13>___isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastrongerandmoreprosperouseconomy.（2020高考浙江卷4）A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It⑷It+be+过去分词(said,reported,believed,declared,expected,supposed,hoped,accepted,stated,acknowledged,recognized,mentioned,proved.shown,announced,arranged,observed,proposed,regarded,considered,thought,learned,wellknown,pointedout,....)+that…14>Ithasbeenproved______eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.(上海36)A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that15>Itisoftenthathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.（09全国II.6）A.saidB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid⑸It+be+过去分词(suggested,ordered,demanded,requested...)thatsb.(should)dosth.⑹It＋不及物动词(seems,happens,appears,occurs)＋that…或Itlooks(seems)+asif...另外，常见的句型还有：Itisnotsettled/hasnotbeendecided/isstillunknown/Itmakesnodifference…+whether…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether..如：Itdependsontheweatherwhetherwewillgo.16>Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?(91)A. this　　B. that　　C. he　　　D. it　　㈡it作形式宾语的用法\n由作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置的固定句式有下面几个类型：1．主语+谓语+it+形容词/名词+动词不定式/从句17>Idon'tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.(90)A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it18>Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_____youcanfindthemagain(1999.18)A.whenB.whereC.thenD.there19.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2020.全国II卷.35)A．thatB．itC．thisD．him20>Hedidn’tmake___clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.（2020高考天津卷1）A.thisB.thatC.itD.these21>AsthebusiestwomaninNorton.shemade___herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.（06高考湖南26）A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it2．主语+谓语+it+从句在Ilike/love/enjoy/hate…itwhen…这个结构中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是when从句所描述的某种情形。值得注意的是,这种情况与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语的复合结构是不同的,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。又如:Ihateitwhenyoucan’tdiscussthingsopenly.Ilikeitthateveryonepassedtheexam.22>Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(1998.8)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them23>Ilike_____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2020.全国.27)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one24>I’dappreciate___ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.（2020山东24）A.thatB.itC.thisD.you3．主语+谓语+介词+it+从句\n如：I’llseetoitthat（注意做到）everythingisreadyintime.CanIdependonit（相信）thatthiswon’ttakeplaceagain?4．主语+谓语+it+介词短语+从句Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.三．it可用于强调结构,构成句型：It's+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。如果被强调部分是人,既可用that又可用who,其余的全部用that。这一句型也可用于一般疑问句、否定句或特殊疑问句。其特点是:去掉Itis(was)及that(who)后,在不添词、不减词的前提下能重新构成一个意义完整的句子。例如：25>Was it during the Second World War___ he died?(88)　　　　　　A. that　　　B. while　　　C. in which　 D. then26>It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.　 (92)A. when , that 　B. until , that C. until , that   D. when , then　27>Itwasabout600yearsago_____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(1997.25)A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when28>Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.(1995.33)A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since29>It was only when I reread this poems recently ___ I began to appreciate their beauty.A. until　　　 B. that　　C. then　　　 D. so　　 (97)30>It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one　　　　  B. that　　　　C. what　　　D. it　 (2000)31>Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.____youwantmetosay?(2020.上海.43)A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat\n32>Ijustwonder____thatmakeshimsoexcited.（2020高考山东卷32）A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis33>—Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.—Whenwas_____?—_____wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.[2020浙江卷]A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It34>Itwasnotuntilmidnighttheyreachedthecampsite.（08重庆卷22）A.thatB.whenC.whileD.as容易与强调结构混淆的固定句型：⑴Itisthefirsttime(that)sb.have/hasdonesth.Itwasthefirsttime(that)sb.haddonesth.该句型中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词thefirst(second…)time,译为：这是某人第一（二…）次做某事。例如：Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavebeenhere.Itwasthefirsttime(that)Ihadvisitedtheplace.⑵Itis(high/about)time(that)sb.did/shoulddosth.该句型中that引导虚拟定语从句，修饰先行词time，意思是：某人早该做某事了。Itishightime(that)hewenttoschool.⑶Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sincesb.didsth.Itwas+时间段+sincesb.haddonesth.若since从句中的谓语动词是终止性动词，表示“自某人做某事以来已经多久了”；若从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示“自某人不做某事以来已经多久了”。例如：Itis10yearssinceweleftourhometown.自我们离开家乡已经10年了。Itis10yearssincewelivedinthatvillage.自我们不住在那个村庄已经10年了。35>Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears______Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.(2020.全国I卷.29)\nA.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since36>Itisalmostfiveyears___wesaweachotherlasttime.（2020北京春季.23）A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when⑷Itis+时间段名词+before...此句型若为肯定句，意指“过了多久才…”，若为否定句，则是指“没过多久就…”例如：Itwillbehoursbeforehearriveshere.几小时以后他才会到这儿。Itwasnotlongbeforetheydrovetheenemyfromtheirhomeland.没多久他们就把敌人从他们的国土上赶跑了。37>Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(2020.福建.31)A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when38>Itwassometime_____werealizedthetruth.(2020.山东.24)A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before39>—Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe___Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?—Perhapstwoorthreeyears.（2020福建卷25）A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before40>It____longbeforewe____theresultoftheexperiment．（2002年上海春）A．willnotbe；willknowB．is；willknowC．willnotbe；knowD．is；know⑸Itis+时间名词+when…Itwas8o’clockwhenhecameback.（定语从句）⑹Itis+时间状语+that…Itwas3yearsagothathejoinedthearmy.（强调结构）⑺Itis+地点名词+where…ItistheplacewhereIwasborn.（定语从句）⑻Itis+地点状语+that…ItwasintheplacethatIcametoknowhim.（强调结构）四．替代词it,that与one的区别\nit表特指，替代前文中出现过的同一名词；替代前文中出现过的同类名词时，用that和one。that表特指，相当于“the+名词”，可代替单数可数名词或不可数名词（只指物不指人），one用于泛指，相当于“a/an+名词”，只代替单数可数名词（可表示人也可表示物）。Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.(1995.22)A.itB.thoseC.themD.one----Whydon'twetakealittlebreak?----Didn'twejusthave_____?(2000.23)A．itB．thatC．oneD．thisMeetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,________Iwillalwaystreasure.(2002.全国.35)A.thatB.oneC.itD.whatMeetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____Iwillalwaystreasure.（2002.35）A.thatB.oneC.itD.whatWeneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade_____fromsomewoodwehad.(2020.广西.24)A.itB.oneC.himselfD.anotherCarsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreserious_______thanmobilephonesdo.(2020江西卷)A．one B．ones C．it D．thoseWe’vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven’tfound_____welikeyet.（2020浙江卷）A．one B．ones C．it       D．themIpreferaflatinInvernessto______inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom's.（2020天津卷）A.one          B.that        C.it            D.this1admiredthepainting,andEdsaid\nhewouldlikemetohave______asagiftfromhim.(08高考延考区.6)A.oneB.itC.thisD.someIlikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront.butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy.（09四川）A.oneB.itC.thisD.that五．it对关系代词as的干扰______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2002.全国.34)A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What_____isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2020.北京.34)A.itB.AsC.ThatDWhat以上两题考察了as引导的定语从句,若选that,句子应分别为：Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Itisreportedinthenewspapersthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.六．it对关系代词which的干扰CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)A.itB.thatC.whenD.which此题中which引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句的整个内容。若用it,则该句为:CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,butpersonallyIdoubtitverymuch.又如：Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but___didn'thelp.(93)A.heB.whichC.sheD.itThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but___didn’thelp.(2020全国III卷13)A．itB．sheC．whichD．he七．it对therebe句型的干扰_____noneedforustodiscusstheproblemagainsinceithasalreadybeensettled.(91)\nA.IthasB.TherehasC.ItisD.Thereis_____isnopossibility______Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.(2001.上海.春.35)A.There…thatB.It…thatC.There…whetherD.It…whether常见的therebe句型有：Thereisnodoubtthat/of毫无疑问Thereisnoneedtodo/for没有必要Thereisnodenying无可否认Thereisnohurryabout无需慌张Thereisnodifficultyin…方面没困难Thereisnodifferencebetween没区别Thereisnopossibilitythat/of没可能Thereisnoroomfor没有…余地Thereisnosensein…是无意义的Therewasatimewhen曾经有一段时间…Thereisnochancethat/of没有…的机会八．其它含有it的常见句式和短语：Ittakessb....todosth.Ifithadnotbeenfor…若要不是Itremainstobeseen/provedthat…有待于观察／证明例如：Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002.全国.32)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenItturnedout/sofelloutthat…最终结果是，终于Itisuptosb.todosth.该由某人做某事Itisacommonsayingthat…俗话说Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…不言而喻Itisworthnoticethat…值得注意的是…it也常用于某些习惯用语中，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：\ncabit乘车catchit受责，受罚comeit尽自己believeitornot信不信由你takeiteasy别着急，慢慢来comeitstrong做得过分walkit步行makeit办成takeitoutofsomebody拿某人出气italldepends视情况而定例如：----Howlongareyoustaying?----Idon'tknow.___________.(2020江苏35)A.That'sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn'tmatter----It’sgettinglate.I'mafraidImustbegoingnow.----OK.______.(2020.全国.21)A.TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.Seeyou----I’dliketotakeaweek’sholiday.----_____,we’retoobusy.(2020.广西.23)A.Don’tworryB.Don’tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme—It’sbeenrainingforawholeweek.Ithinkit’llgetfinesoon.___.Wearegettingintotherainyseasonnow.（2020高考安徽卷27）A.yes.itwillB.ofcoursenotC.It’spossibleD.It’shardtosay----HowmuchdoIoweyouforlunch?----______.It’snothing.(08天津卷’09)A.You’rewelcomeB.ForgetitC.WithpleasureD.That’srightIfIcanhelp___Idon’tlikewokinglateintonight.（2020全国卷26）A.soB.thatC.itD.them【解析】选C.IfIcanhelpit意为“如果我有办法。”表示有办法做某事或有办法控制某个局面。JustasProfessorScottioftenit,successisninety-ninepercentmentalattitude.（09安徽25）A.getsB.makesC.putsD.means