(历年真题)1995年1月-2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案(完整版)

(历年真题)1995年1月-2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案(完整版)

(历年真题)1995年1月-2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案(完整版)1995年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Shewasgivenanewjob.B)Shewasgivenaraise.C)Shewascriticizedforbeinglate.D)Shewaspraisedforherhardwork.2.A)Whethertoemploythewoman.B)Whethertotakeupthenewjob.C)Whethertoaskforaraise.D)Whethertobuyanewhouse.3.A)Ateacher.B)Apsychologist.C)Alibrarian.D)Apublisher.4.A)Tovisitmoreplacesinthecity.B)Totakealotofpicturesofthebeautifulcity.C)Totakesomepicturesofhisfriends.D)Tosparesometimetomeethisfriends.5.A)Intown.B)Outoftown.C)Intheman’shouse.D)OutsideAnn’shouse.6.A)Becauseshefeelsveryhotintheroom.B)Becauseshewantstoavoidmeetingpeople.C)Becauseshewantstosmokeacigaretteoutside.D)Becauseshedoesn’tlikethesmellofsmokeinside.7.A)Paintershiredbythemanandwoman.B)PaintershiredbyMr.Jones.C)Mr.Jones.D)Themanandthewoman.8.A)Thewomanenjoyedthemovieverymuch.B)Thewomansawahorrormovie.C)Themanaskedthewomantobecarefulatnight.D)Themanwenttotheshowwiththewoman.9.A)Hedoesn’twritewellenough.B)Heisnotaprofessionalwriter.C)Hehasn’tgotanyprofessionalexperience.D)Hedidn’tperformwellintheinterview.10.A)Hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytorefuelthecar.nB)Hecanmanagetogetthegasolinetheyneed.C)Hehopesthewomanwillhelphimselectafuel.D)Hethinksitisdifficulttogetfuelforthecar.SectionBPassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Becausetheycan’taffordto.B)Becausetheythinksmallhousesaremorecomfortabletolivein.C)Becausebighousesareusuallybuiltinthecountryside.D)Becausetheypreferapartments.12.A)Becausemanyyoungpeoplehavemovedintocomfortableapartments.B)Becausemanyoldhousesinthebadpartofthetownarenotinhabited.C)Becausemanyolderpeopleselltheirhousesaftertheirchildrenleave.D)Becausemanypeoplehavequittheiroldhousetobuildnewones.13.A)Theyhavetodotheirownmaintenance.B)Theyhavetofurnishtheirownhouses.C)Theywillfinditdifficulttomaketherestofthepayment.D)Theywillfinditdifficulttodisposeoftheirold-stylefurniture.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theyarenotactivehunters.B)Theydon’tsleepmuch.C)Theyareoftenseenalone.D)Theydon’teatmuch.15.A)Tocatchthebirds.B)Tolookforshadeintheheatoftheday.C)Tocatchotheranimals.D)Tolookforakillmadebyanotheranimal.16.A)Theyarelargerinsize.B)Theyhavetohuntmoretofeedtheyoung.C)Theyrunfaster.D)Theyarenotaslazyasthemales.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Lessthan30minutes.B)From30to45minutes.C)Atleast45minutes.D)Morethan45minutes.18.A)Heshouldshowrespectfortheinterviewer.B)Heshouldshowconfidenceinhimself.C)Heshouldtalkenthusiastically.D)Heshouldbedressedproperly.19.A)Speakingconfidentlybutnotaggressively.B)Talkingloudlytogivealastingimpression.C)Talkingalotaboutthejob.nD)Speakingpolitelyandemotionally.20.A)Professionalknowledgeisadecisivefactorinjobinterview.B)Findingajobismoredifficultthanonecanimagine.C)Ajobseekershouldcreateagoodimageduringaninterview.D)Self-confidenceismostimportantforajobseeker.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance.Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson’sbehaviorwiththeknownothers’behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露),andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically(讽刺性地)thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofsatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosureandtruthfulstatements).21.Theword“pinpoint”(Para.1,Line3)basicallymeans________.A)appreciateB)obtainC)interpretD)identify22.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.B)Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.C)Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.D)Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople’spersonality.23.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger’ssuggestionsthat________.A)peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasionB)inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectlyC)thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisonsD)face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson24.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor’sopinion,are________.A)personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwithB)barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywithC)assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatementsnD)thingspeopleshouldguardagainst25.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A)togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasionsB)toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeopleC)tocallthereader’sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople’scharactersD)todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeopleQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheircompetitors’rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorcompetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremaincompetitive.AppleComputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersonalcomputers,theMackintoshIIandMackintoshSE,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple’smajorcompetitors.Apple’snewcomputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.TheimprovedMackintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBM-compatible(兼容的)programs.Thiscompatibilityfeatureillustratescomputermanufactures’newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MakingApplecomputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple’seffortatmakingtheMackintoshcompatiblewithIBMcomputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales.UsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessories(附件)tomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.Thenewcomputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.Companyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulcomputer.Applewantstostayinthehigh-priceendofthepersonalcomputermarkettofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedcomputers.EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorcompetitors,bothcompaniesrealizethattheircompetitor’scomputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics(图形),whereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorecompatibilitybetweenthetwocompanies’products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies.26.Accordingtothepassage,AppleComputer,Inc,hasintroducedtheMackintoshIIandtheMackintoshSEbecause________.A)IBMischangingitscomputermodelscontinuouslyB)itwantstomakeitsmachinesspecializeinspecificusesC)itwantstostayaheadofIBMinthecompetitivecomputermarketD)itexpectsitsmajorcompetitorIBMtofollowitsexample27.ApplehopestoincreaseMackintoshsaleschieflyby________.A)makingitsnewmodelscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareB)improvingthecolorgraphicsofitsnewmodelsC)copyingthemarketingstrategiesofIBMD)givingthecustomerswhattheywant28.Applesellsitsnewcomputermodelsatahighpricebecause________.A)theyhavenewfeaturesandfunctionsB)theyaremoresophisticatedthanothermodelsC)theyhavenewaccessoriesattachedD)itwantstoaccumulatefundsforfutureresearchn29.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbothAppleandIBMtrytogainacompetitiveadvantageby________.A)copyingeachother’stechnologyB)incorporatingfeaturesthatmaketheirproductsdistinctiveC)makingtheircomputermoreexpensiveD)makingtheircomputersrunmuchfaster30.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A)Apple’sEffortstoStayAheadofIBMB)Apple’sNewComputerTechnologyC)Apple’sNewpersonalComputersD)Apple’sResearchActivitiesPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,ofevenofearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighbourasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.31.Theword“paradox”(Para.1,Line1)means“________”.A)implicationB)contradictionC)interpretationD)confusion32.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because________.A)areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciencesB)ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystemsC)ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrectD)wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomenan33.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause________.A)itisnotbasedonpersonalexperienceB)newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciencesC)itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdataD)therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable34.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause________.A)contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetimeB)newinformationisconstantlycominginC)thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredictD)ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate35.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause________.A)theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevariedB)ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecureC)onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobservedD)fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomyQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowing.Intheearlydaysofnuclearpower,theUnitedStatesmademoneyonit.Buttodayopponentshavesocomplicateditsdevelopmentthatnonuclearplantshavebeenorderedorbuiltherein12years.Thegreatestfearofnuclearpoweropponentshasalwaysbeenareactor“meltdown”(堆内熔化).Today,thechancesofameltdownthatwouldthreatenU.S.publichealthareverylittle.Buttoevenfurtherreducethepossibility,engineersaretestingnewreactorsthatrelynotonhumanjudgementtoshutthemdownbutonthelawsofnature.NowGeneralElectricisalreadybuildingtwoadvancedreactorsinJapan.Butdon’texpectthemeveronU.S.shoresunlessthingschangeinWashington.Theprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsisabaddream.Anytimeduring,orevenafter,construction,anobjectionbyanygrouporindividualcanbringeverythingtoahaltwhilethematterisinvestigatedortakentocourt.Meanwhile,thebuildermustaddnice-but-not-necessaryimprovements,someofwhichforcehimtoknockdownwallsandstartover.Ineverycasewhereaplanthasbeenopposed,theNuclearRegulationCommissionhasultimatelygrantedalicensetoconstructoroperate.Butthevictoryoftencostssomuchthattheutilityendsupabandoningtheplantanyway.AcaseinpointistheShorehamplantonNewYork’sLongIsland.ShorehamwasavirtualtwintotheMillstoneplantinConnecticut,bothorderedinthemid-’60s.Millstone,completedfor$101million,hasbeengeneratingelectricityfortwodecades.Shoreham,however,wassingledoutbyanti-nuclearactivistswho,bysendinginendlessprotests,drovethecostover$5billionanddelayeditsuseformanyyears.Shorehamfinallywonitsoperationlicense.Buttheplanthasneverproducedawattofpower.GovernorMarioCuomo,anopponentofaShorehamstart-up,usedhispowertoforceNewYork’spublic-utilitiescommissiontoacceptthefollowingsettlement;thepowercompanycouldpassthecostofShorehamalongtoitsconsumersonlyifitagreednottooperatetheplant!Today,aperfectlygoodfacility,capableofservicinghundredsofhomes,sitsrusting.36.Whathasmadetheprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsabaddream?A)TheinefficiencyoftheNuclearRegulationcommission.B)Theenormouscostofconstructionandoperation.C)Thelengthoftimeittakestomakeinvestigations.D)Theobjectionoftheopponentsofnuclearpower.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that________.A)itisnottechnicaldifficultiesthatpreventthebuildingofnuclearpowerplantsintheU.S.nB)therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresintheU.S.forrunningnewnuclearpowerplantsC)therearealreadymorenuclearpowerplantsthannecessaryintheU.S.D)theAmericangovernmentwillnotallowJapanesenuclearreactorstobeinstalledintheU.S.38.Anyobjection,howevertrivialitmaybe,can________.A)forcethepowercompaniestocanceltheprojectB)delaytheconstructionoroperationofanuclearplantC)causeaseriousdebatewithintheNuclearRegulationCommissionD)takethebuilderstocourt39.GovernorMario’schiefintentioninproposingthesettlementwasto________.A)stoptheShorehamplantfromgoingintooperationB)helpthepowercompanytosolveitsfinancialproblemsC)urgethepowercompanytofurtherincreaseitspowersupplyD)permittheShorehamplanttooperateundercertainconditions40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofnuclearpoweris________.A)negativeB)neutralC)positiveD)questioningPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)41.They________toenterthebuildingbythebackdoor;however,thefrontdoorwaslocked.A)weren’tsupposedB)wouldn’tbesupposedC)weresupposedD)wouldbesupposed42.________humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.A)DeliberateB)ConsistentC)PrimitiveD)Abnormal43.Thecapturedcriminalswere________inchainsthroughthestreets.A)exhibitedB)displayedC)paradedD)revealed44.Inreadingstoriesweanticipatewhatistocome________onourmemoryofwhathasgonebefore.A)basedB)basingC)tobaseD)tobebased45.Theworld’sgovernmentshavedone________nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.A)inherentlyB)vitallyC)virtuallyD)identicallyn46.IguessJonesdidn’thaveachancetowintheelection.Almostallofthepeopleinthecityvotedforhis________.A)candidateB)opponentC)alternativeD)participant47.Thebackgroundmusicinanassemblylineisdesigned________.A)notbeinglistenedtoB)nottobelistenedtoC)beingnotlistenedtoD)tobenotlistenedto48.Teachingstudentsofthresholdlevelishardworkbuttheeffortisvery________.A)preciousB)rewardingC)worthD)challenging49.Theboystudentsinthisschoolarenearly________asthegirlstudentstosaytheyintendtogetacollegedegreeinbusiness.A)aslikelytwiceB)likelyastwiceC)astwicelikelyD)twiceaslikely50.Theexplorerlosthiswaysoheclimbedtothetopofthehillto________himself.A)spotB)locateC)placeD)situate51.Thecityhasdecidedto________smoking.A)doawaywithB)takeawayC)getawaywithD)putaway52.Perhapsitwouldn’tbe________togoandseesuchafilm.A)worthyyouwhileB)worthofwhileC)worthyofwhileD)worthyourwhile53.Theoldbuildingisinagoodstateof________exceptforthewoodenfloors.A)observationB)preservationC)conservationD)compensation54.Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem________tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.A)hostilenB)tediousC)fantasticD)courageous55.________shewonderedifshehadmadeamistake.A)NotuntillongafterwardsthatB)ItwasnotuntillongafterwardsthatC)NotlonguntilafterwardsD)Itwaslongafterwardsuntil56.Thepeoplewhoobjectedtothenewapproachweretoldthatsinceworkhadalreadystartedtherewasnopointin________.A)denyingB)upsettingC)protestingD)competing57.Theceremonywill________assoonastheministerarrives.A)completeB)commenceC)disperseD)descend58.Soconfused________thathedidn’tknowhowtostarthislecture.A)sincehebecameB)wouldhebecomeC)thathebecameD)didhebecome59.Sincethecouplecouldnot________theirdifferences,theydecidedtogetadivorce.A)reconcileB)complyC)coincideD)resign60.Afterthecollision,heexaminedtheconsiderable________tohiscar.A)ruinB)destructionC)damageD)injury61.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbefore1990.A)thatB)whatC)forwhichD)ofthat62.Theheavilypopulatedareawasabreedingplacefor________diseases.A)infectiousB)powerfulC)influentialD)suspicious63.Itisunfortunatethat,owingtolackofmoney,theseexperimentsmustnowbe________beforetheobjectivehasnbeenachieved.A)transferredB)testifiedC)terminatedD)transformed64.Thesyntheticvitaminsareidentical________thosenaturallypresentinourfood.A)forB)ofC)asD)with65.Justasabookisoftenjudged________bythequalityandappearanceofitscover,apersonisjudgedimmediatelybyhisappearance.A)previouslyB)uniquelyC)outwardlyD)initially66.Recyclingwastesslowsdowntherate________whichweuseuptheEarth’sfiniteresources.A)InB)ofC)withD)at67.Gasolineis________bythesparkplugsintheengine.A)ignitedB)inspiredC)excitedD)illuminated68.He________anothercareerbut,atthetime,hedidn’thaveenoughmoneytoattendgraduateschool.A)mighthavechosenB)mightchooseC)hadtochooseD)musthavechosen69.ManyvisitorspraisedthemagnificentarchitectureofthePalace,________.A)knowntoforeignersfortheForbiddenCityB)knownforforeignerstobetheForbiddenCityC)knowntoforeignersastheForbiddenCityD)knowforforeignersastheForbiddenCity70.Thetravelers________theirjourneyafterashortbreak.A)recoveredB)resumedC)renewedD)restoredPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingnblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Weareallnaturallyattractedtopeoplewithideas,beliefsandinterestslikeourown.Similarly,wefeelcomfortablewithpeoplewithphysicalqualitiessimilarasours.(71)Youmayhavenoticedabouthowpeoplewholiveorwork(72)closelytogethercometobehaveinasimilarway.Unconsciouslywecopytheseweareclosetoorloveoradmire.Soasportsman’s(73)individualwayofwalkingwithraisedshouldersisimitatedbyanadmired(74)fan;apairofloversbothshaketheirheadsinthesameway;anemployerfindshimselfduplicatinghisboss’shabitofwagging(摆动)(75)apenbetweenhisfingerswhilethinking.Ineverycase,theinfluentialpersonmayconsciouslynoticethe(76)imitationbuthewillfeelcomfortablyinitspresence.Andifhedoes(77)noticethematchingofhisgesturesormovements,hefindsitpleasingheisinfluencingpeople;theyaredrawntothem.(78)Sensitivepeoplehavebeenmirroringtheirfriendandacquaintances(79)alltheirlives,andwinningaffectionandrespectinthiswaywithoutawareoftheirmethods.Now,forpeoplewhowanttowin(80)agreementortrust,affectionorsympathy,somepsychologistsrecommendthedeliberateuseofphysicalimitation.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyviewontheNegativeEffectsofSomeAdvertisements.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.现在有些不良的商业广告2.这些广告的副作用和危害性3.我对这些广告的态度1995年1月六级参考答案PartI1.C2.B3.C4.D5.A6.D7.D8.B9.C10.B11.A12.C13.A14.A15.D16.B17.B18.D19.A20.CPartII21.D22.B23.B24.C25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.B32.D33.B34.B35.C36.D37.A38.B39.A40.BPartIII41.A42.D43.C44.A45.C46.B47.C48.B49.D50.Bn51.A52.D53.B54.B55.C56.C57.B58.D59.A60.C61.B62.A63.C64.D65.C66.D67.A68.A69.C70.B71.as→to72.about→/73.these→those74.admired→admiring75.employer→employee76.consciously→unconsciously77.comfortably→comfortable78.them→him79.friend→friends80.(without)→(without)being1995年1月六级听力原文SectionA1.W:Youwantedtoseeme,Mr.Wright?M:Yes,MissGray.You’llhavetostartgettingtoworkontime,oryourservicewillnolongerbeneededhere.Q:WhathappenedtoMissGray?2.M:Youknow,I’mjustnottoosureifthenewsalarywillbehighenoughoreventhenewpositionisreallywhatIwant.Besides,IliketheworkthatIamdoingnow.W:Itsoundsasthoughyou’vealreadymadeupyourmindaboutwhatyouaregoingtodo.Q:Whatisthemanthinkingabout?3.W:I’mlookingfortextbookformyPsychologycourse.It’scalled“IntroductiontoEducationalPsychology”.Doyouhaveit?M:Yes,wedo.You’llfinditinSection24onthetopshelf.Q:What’stheman’soccupation?4.W:Oh,thisisabeautifulcity.I’mreallygladI’vebroughtmycamera.M:Yes,therearelotsofthingstotakepicturesofhere.ButIhopeyouwillnotplantospendallyourtimetakingpictures.Ihavesomefriendswhowouldliketomeetyou.Q:Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?5.M:WhyareyousosurethatAnnedidn’tcommitthecrime?W:Shecouldn’thavecommittedthatcrimebecauseIwaswithher.Andwewereoutoftownonthatday.Q:Wherewasthecrimemostprobablycommitted?6.M:Isn’titrathercoldoutside,Sally?W:Itisabit,butIcan’tstandtheterriblesmokeinside.I’dratherstayhereifyoudon’tmind.Q:Whydoesthewomanwanttostayoutside?7.W:We’velivedhereinThorntonfor5yearsnowandIthinkitstimetohavethehousepainted.M:You’reright.Mr.Johns,ourneighbor,justhadhishousepainted.Butwecannotaffordtodoitonlyifpaintitourselves.Q:Whoisgoingtopaintitourselves.8.W:Istillcan’tgetovertheshowlastSaturdayevening.Ikeephavingfrighteningdreamsallnight.M:So,nexttimebeforeyouwalkintoatheatre,makesurewhatyouaregoingtosee.nQ:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?9.W:Howwasthejobinterview?Ithinkyou’llmakeagoodjournalist.Irememberyouasthebestwriteroftheclass.M:Well,infact,myapplicationwasturneddown.Theywerelookingforpeoplewithexperienceintheprofession.Q:Whydidn’tthemangetthejob?10.W:Wehavetofacethefactthatitisalittlehardtogetfuelforthecar.M:Betweenyouandme,Ithinkthereisalwaysawaytogetaroundthisproblem.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?SectionBPassageOneIntheUnitedStates,manypeopleoncelivedinlarge,twoandstoryhomes.Today,manypeoplewouldliketoliveinsuchhousesbutmostpeoplecan’t.Theydon’thaveenoughmoneytobuythemoreventomakethefirstpayment.So,manypeoplerentfrommonthtomonth.ButsomeAmericansreallywanttoliveinahouseoftheirown.Sotheybuildtheirownhome.Theybuyahousethatissituatedinanareawherehousearecheaper.Itisbettertoresideinabadpartoftown,theythink,thannottoliveinahouseatall.Ortheybuyanoldhouseandredesignit.Thentheydecorateitwitholdstylefurniture.Sometimestheycanmaleanoldhouselookmorebeautifulthananewone.Usually,itisnotdifficultforpeopletofindanoldhometobuy.Manyolderpeopledecidethattheydon’tneedabighomeaftertheirchildrenleave.Sotheyselltheirhouseandmoveintoacomfortableapartment.Butwhenpeoplemoveintoahouse,theysometimeshaveproblems.Homeownershavetodotheirownmaintenance.Forexample.Iftheroofleaks,onecannotaskthelandlordtofixit.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanredesigntheirhomesinanywaytheywantwithouthavingtobeafraidofbeingthrownoutbythelandlord.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.Whydon’tmanyAmericansliveinlargetwoandthreestoryhouses?12.Whyisiteasytofindoldhousesforsale?13.Whatproblemwillpeoplehaveaftertheybuyahouse?PassageTwoLionsprefertoeatwithouthavingtodomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,they!Arealsowatchingthesky.Andiftheyseebirdsflydown,theyimmediatelysensethatsomethingmustbehappening.Evenintheheatoftheday.Theywillcertainlyariseandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethedeadanimalforthemselves.Agrownlioncaneasilyconsume60poundsofmeatatasinglefeeding.Often,theyeatuntilitseemspainfulforthemtoliedown.Thefemalelionsareleanerandswifter,andasaresult,arebetterhuntersthanthemales.Mostkillsaremadeatnightorjustbeforedawn.Thekillisthemostexcitingmomentintheday-to-dayexistenceofthelions,sincethesegreatbeastsspendmostoftheirtime-about20hoursaday-sleepingandresting.Lionsarealsosocialcats.Andduringthesetimesofleisure,theylovetorompagainsteachother,andtheyounglionsarealwaysplayingamongthemselvesandwiththeirparents.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.Whatdowelearnaboutlionsfromwhatwehavejustheard?15.Whydothelionswatchthebirdsinthesky?16.Whyarethefemalesgenerallybetterhuntersthanthemales?PassageThreeTobesuccessfulinajobinterview,youshoulddemonstratecertainpersonalandprofessionalqualities.Youneedtocreateagoodimageinthelimitedtimeavailable,usuallyfrom30to45minutes.Youmustmakeapositiveimpressionwhichtheinterviewerwillrememberwhileheinterviewsothercandidates.Thefollowingaresomequalitiesyoushouldespeciallypayattentiontoduringaninterview.Firstofall,youshouldtakecaretoappeartobeproperlydressed.Therightclotheswornattherighttimecanwinrespectoftheinterviewerandhisconfidenceinyournjudgement.Itmaynotbetruethatclothesyouwear.Secondly,youshouldpaycloseattentiontoyourmannerofspeaking,sincespeechisareflectionofpersonality.Youshouldreflectconfidencebyspeakinginaclearvoice,loudenoughtobeheard,withoutbeingaggressiveoroverpowering.Youshouldbepreparedtotalkknowledgeablyabouttherequirementsofthepositionyouareapplyingfor.Finally,tobereallyimpressiveyoumustconveyasenseofself-confidenceandenthusiasmforwork.Ifyoudisplaythesecharacteristics,withjustalittleluck,you’llcertainlysucceedinthetypicalpersonnelinterview.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.Howlongdoesaninterviewusuallylastaccordingtothespeaker?18.Howcanonegivetheintervieweragoodfirstimpression?19.Whatshouldbethebestmannerofspeakingforajob-seekerduringaninterview?20.Whatisthemainideaoftheshorttalkyouhavejustheard?1995年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Enjoyable.B)Inspiring.C)Moving.D)Dull.2.A)Itwilltakeaboutonemonthtorepairthewatch.B)Thewomanshouldhavesavedmoremoney.C)Itisagoodideatokeeptheoldwatch.D)Thewatchisnolongerworthrepairing.3.A)Arguing.B)Protesting.C)Complaining.D)Bargaining.4.A)Familieswithcars.B)American’sheavydependenceoncars.C)Roadsandhighways.D)TrafficproblemsinAmerica.5.A)Theapplesandpearsmightnotbesogood.B)Theapplesarenotasgoodasthepears.C)Theapplesandpearsareverygood.D)Theapplesandpearsareasgoodastheylook.6.A)Herteachingassistantwouldgradetheexampapers.B)Shewouldcollecttheexampapersherself.C)Shewouldmarktheexampapersherself.D)Shewouldnotgiveherstudentsanexam.7.A)Shecouldhelphimwiththeproblems.B)Heshouldgooutforwhile.C)Shecouldgoouttogetherwithhim.D)Heshoulddotheproblemshimself.8.A)Customerandsalesman.B)Colleagues.nC)Employeeandboss.D)Classmates.9.A)Thefirsthousetheysawistooexpensive.B)Theymaysavesomemoneyforthetimebeing.C)Sheishappywiththepricesetbytheseller.D)Lessmoneywillbespentinmaintainingthehouse.10.A)ItwasprobablyMr.Brown’sphonenumberthatthewomanwrotedown.B)ItwasjustanhouragothatthemanmetMr.Brown.C)Thewomanforgottowritedownthephonenumber.D)Thewomanneededasheetofpapertoputdownthenumber.SectionBPassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Becausetheyweredrivenbysteampower.B)Becausetheydidtheworkthatanimalsusedtodo.C)Becausetheypulledcarsfullofcoal.D)Becausetheyweremadeofiron.12.A)Hewantedtherailroadtobesuccessful.B)Hewantedtohaveamorepowerfulsteamengine.C)Hewantedtoownthelandneartherailroad.D)Hewantedtobuildhisownrailroads.13.A)Becausethetraincouldnotrunasfastasthehorse.B)Becausetheenginefailedtobuildupsteam.C)Becausetheenginebrokedownandthetrainstopped.D)Becausetheenginebrokeintoseveralparts.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Love.B)Conflict.C)Violence.D)Mystery.15.A)Themaincharacterremainsthesame.B)Themaincharacterdiesintheend.C)Themaincharactergainshisends.D)Themaincharacterundergoesachange.16.A)Wecanlearnhowbadpersonscanimprovethemselves.B)Wecanlearnhowtodealwithpeople.C)Wecanunderstandlifealittlebetter.D)Wecanfindbetterwaystocopewithconflicts.PassageThreeQuestions17to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A)Becausebothhavealimitedsupplyofair,water,andotherresources.B)BecausetheEarthmovesaroundthesunasfastasspaceship.C)Becausewecantraveltoouterspace.D)BecausetheEarthneverstopsmoving.n18.A)About80milespersecond.B)About70milespersecond.C)About18milespersecond.D)About17milespersecond.19.A)BecausetheEarthisheavilypolluted.B)Becausenaturecannotrecycleitsresources.C)BecausetherearemoreandmorepeoplelivingontheEarth.D)Becausenomorenewresourcescanbeadded.20.A)Naturehaschangedourenvironmentovertheyears.B)Wemustavoidwastingresourcesandpollutingourenvironment.C)Ourresourcesarenearlyusedup.D)Tripstootherplanetswillhelpeliminatepollution.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip(集成块),wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.21.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat________.A)theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforceB)manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasingC)peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactoriesD)mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry22.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat________.A)thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificantB)people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrueC)mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobsD)peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime23.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeanstosaythat________.A)peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnologyB)futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutinconceivabledramaticchangesC)theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlookednD)computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservices24.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho________.A)possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformationB)givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialC)involvethemselvesinserviceindustriesD)casttheirmindsaheadinsteadoflookingback25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A)ComputersandtheKnowledgeSocietyB)ServiceIndustriesinModernSocietyC)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEraD)RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnologyQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants(被告).Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminine(女性的)andanattractivemanmoremasculine(男性的)thanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnnBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.26.Theword“liability”(Para.1.Line4)mostprobablymeans“________”.A)misfortuneB)instabilityC)disadvantageD)burden27.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness________.A)reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredB)makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableC)isofprimaryimportancetowomenD)oftenenableswomentosucceedquicklyn28.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness________.A)turnsouttobeanobstacleB)affectsmenandwomenalikeC)hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenD)ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften________.A)practicalB)prejudicedC)old-fashionedD)radical30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.A)discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveB)giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveC)demandequalrightsforwomenD)emphasizetheimportanceofappearanceQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto”aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe“howto”materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempirical(经验的)aspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis(诊断)andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.31.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat________.A)generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalismB)importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewingC)conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewingD)personalexperienceandgeneralimpressionshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews32.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral________.A)sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthenednB)thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattentionC)butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglectedD)andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing33.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,________.A)butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromitB)andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomedayC)andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofitD)butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson34.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?A)Thepatient.B)Thephysician.C)Thejournalist.D)Thepsychologist.35.Thetextismostlikelyapartofa________.A)newsarticleB)journalisticinterviewC)researchreportD)prefaceQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaborious(费力的)andthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.Electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical(新古典主义的)modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.36.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat________.A)itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrializationB)theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomyC)itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehomeD)themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses37.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage________.A)sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomynB)themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomyC)producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptableD)whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant38.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace________.A)aswageearnersB)bothasmanufacturesandconsumersC)bothasworkersandpurchasersD)ascustomers39.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause________.A)thefamilywasnotefficientinproductionB)itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethemC)itcouldnotsupplythembyitselfD)themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited40.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage________.A)thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyoronthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservicesB)manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplaceC)consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomyD)thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplacePartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)41.Sometimes,veryyoungchildrenhavetrouble________factfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.A)forseparatingB)toseparateC)havingseparatedD)separating42.Thesecondbookwas________byAugust1952,buttwoyearslater,theendwasstillnowhereinsight.A)completedB)tohavecompletedC)tocompleteD)tohavebeencompleted43.Whateverthecauses,Englishattheendofthe20thcenturyismorewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguage________.A)everwasB)hadeverbeenC)haseverbeenD)wouldeverbe44.Inthisexperiment,theyarewakenedseveraltimesduringthenightandaskedtoreportwhatthey________.A)hadjustbeendreamingB)havejustbeendreamingC)arejustdreamingD)hadjustdreamt45.Itisoftheutmostimportancethatyou________hereontime.A)benB)shallbeC)aretobeD)mustbe46.Hemighthavebeenkilled________thearrivalofthepolice.A)exceptforB)butforC)withD)for47.Thesefiguresarenotconsistent________theresultsobtainedinpreviousexperiments.A)toB)withC)forD)in48.Theanimalhasabrainwhichisnearest________.A)inman’ssizeB)insizetomanC)insizetoman’sD)tothesizeinman49.Theproblemof________toselectashissuccessorwasquicklydisposedof.A)whatB)whomC)whichD)how50.Britain’spressisunusual________itisdividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspaper:thequalitypressandthepopularpress.A)inhowB)inwhatC)inwhichD)inthat51.Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure________.A)thanmoreonefficiencyB)andmoreefficiencyC)andmoreonefficiencyD)thanefficiency52.Heoftensatinsmallbardrinkingconsiderablemorethan________.A)hewasingoodhealthB)hishealthwasgoodC)hisgoodhealthwasD)wasgoodforhishealth53.Allthepartsofthiswashingmachineare________,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.A)normalizedB)modernizedC)mechanizedD)standardized54.Iwas________bytheirkindnessandmovedtotears.nA)preoccupiedB)embarrassedC)overwhelmedD)counseled55.Inmanyculturespeoplewhowerethoughttohavetheabilityto________dreamswerelikelytobehighlyrespected.A)interpretB)interveneC)inheritD)impart56.Thepersonwho________thistypeofresearchdeservesourpraise.A)originatedB)manufacturedC)generatedD)estimated57.Allstudentsinthisuniversityarerequestedto________withtheregulations.A)yieldB)complyC)submitD)consent58.Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe________ofimportantbusinesshimself.A)transactionB)stimulationC)transitionD)solution59.Whenheappliedfora________intheofficeofthelocalnewspaperhewastoldtoseethemanager.A)locationB)professionC)careerD)position60.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon________.A)consciousnessB)impulseC)instinctD)response61.There’sawhole________ofbillswaitingtobepaid.A)stockB)stackC)numberD)sequence62.Tobeaninventor,oneneedsprofoundknowledgeaswellasavery________imagination.A)vividB)brightC)livingnD)colorful63.InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,________schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.A)compellingB)forcedC)obligedD)compulsory64.Itisacommonthemeinmanysciencefictionstoriesthattheworldmayonedaybe________byinsects.A)brokeninB)runoverC)takenoverD)filledin65.Alargepartofhumanactivity,particularlyinrelationtotheenvironment,is________conditionsorevents.A)inresponsetoB)infavourofC)incontrasttoD)inexcessof66.Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto________farming.A)getalongwithB)gobackonC)getholdofD)goinfor67.Weare________facedwiththenecessitytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowerstandardofliving.A)readilyB)smoothlyC)inevitablyD)deliberately68.Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor________toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.A)prescribingB)orderingC)advisingD)delivering69.Communicationistheprocessof________amessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.A)transmittingB)submittingC)transformingD)switching70.Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir________;theyalmostneverabandontheirmasters.A)faithB)loyaltyC)trustD)truthfulnessPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthencorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Ifindeedsilenceisgolden,itisalsobecomingasrareasgold.Itseemsthattheprogressesofmanincludesarisingvolumeofnoise.(71)Ineveryhomeastereoortelevisionwillfilltheroomssound,between(72)sunriseandsunset,streetsandhighwaysareaconstantsourceofvoicefromcars,buses,andtrucks.Youcanpassanyfactoryor(73)constructionareaandtheroaroftheirmachinerywillmakeyourears(74)ringing.Musicisplayedineverysupermarket,mostrestaurants,and(75)manyoffices,bigcitiesoftheworldarewell-knownbytheirnoisiness.(76)Noisepollutionisthenewsideeffectofourtechnologicalage.Dayornight,thesoundoftheworkfillstheair.Itseems(77)thatthesmoothingeffectsofsilencearenowheretobefound.Eventhequietofourcarefulprotectedwildernessareascanbe(78)invadedatanymomentbyapassedjet.(79)Wearelearning,finally,thatsilenceisanaturalresourceandmustbeprotectedbylaw.Itappearsthatweallfindcompanyinsound,ifwealldemandalittlequietfromtimetotime.(80)PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?Youshouldwritenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么?2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么?3.我的看法。(Suggestedkeywords:firecrackers鞭炮setoff/letoff放鞭炮)Remembertowriteyourcompositionneatly.1995年6月六级参考答案PartI1.D2.D3.C4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.D10.A11.B12.A13.C14.B15.D16.C17.A18.C19.D20.BPartII21.D22.B23.B24.A25.C26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.D36.D37.B38.C39.C40.APartIIIn41.D42.D43.C44.B45.A46.B47.B48.C49.B50.C51.D52.D53.D54.C55.A56.A57.B58.A59.D60.C61.B62.A63.D64.C65.A66.D67.C68.A69.A70.B71.progress表“进步”时，是不可数名词，故应去掉es.72.fillsthwithsth表“用…将某物装满”，是固定用法。故应在rooms后加上with.73.根据文章此处应为噪音，故应将voice改成noise.74.factory与their不对应，故应将其改成its.75.make,let,have等动词只能跟不带to的不定式，作宾语补足语。故应将ringing改成ring.76.根据全文，此处不应说“因他们的吵闹而闻名”，即把by换成for.77.去掉work前面的定冠词the,因为work此处是泛指。78.修饰过去分词应该用副词，而不是形容词，故careful应为carefully.79.本句中被分词修饰的jet是动作pass的发出者，也就是说jet与pass是主动的关系，所以pass后应加上ing。本句中的从句是一个让步状语从句。而if却是“如果”之意，所以最好将其换成though或although.1995年6月六级听力原文SectionA1.M:Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingshow.IhopeyouenjoyeditasmuchasIdid.W:ImustadmitthatIfeltsleepyduringthetwohours.Q:Howdidthewomanfeelabouttheshow?2.W:Ican’tfigureoutwhat’swrongwithmywatch.ItwasjustamonthagothatIhaditrepaired.M:Don’twasteyourtimeandmoneyanymore.It’sveryoldwatchanditisquitewornout.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.M:Oh,whatamorning!YouknowIhadsomuchworktodoandthephonejustkeptringing.Threesalespeoplecalledmethismorning.W:Iknowhowitis.Igetalotofcalls,too,evenonweekends.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?4.W:YouAmericansarefunny.Itseemsasifyouweremarriedwithcars.M:Yeah,Iguessthat’strue.Thecountryisbecomingonebighighway.Iwasreadingthatthereareabout4millionmilesofroadsandhighwaysinthiscountrynow.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?5.W:Iintendtobuysomefruitforthechildren.Theseapplesandpearsseemtobeinseason.I’llget2dozenofeach.M:Ihopetheyareasgoodastheylook.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6.M:Excuseme,butIdidn’thearclearlywhatyousaid.Didyousaythatyourteachingassistantwouldmarktheexampapers?W:No.Isaidhewouldcollectthepapers.I’llgradethemmyself.Q:Whatdidthewomansayabouttheexam?7.M:I’mgettingabsolutelynowherewithPhysicsproblems.W:Howaboutmygoingthroughthemwithyou?nQ:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.W:Hi,Jack,Ijustcamebackyesterday.AnythingnewwhileIwasaway?M:Congratulations,Susan!It’ssaidyouwillbepromotedtomanagerandbecomemyimmediateboss.Q:What’smostprobablytherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakersatthemoment?9.M:Ofthetwohouseswehaveseen,whichonedoyouthinkfitsourneedsbetter,thefirstoneorthesecondone?W:Thesecondone.Itseemsveryexpensive.Butinthelongrun,itwillsaveupthemoneyonthemaintenance.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthereasonforherchoice?10.W:WhatamemoryIhave!IdidwritedownthenumberonasheetofpaperwhenIansweredthephonethismorning.Butnowthepaperhasdisappearedwithoutanytrace.M:Don’tworry.I’llbeseeingMr.Browninanhour.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?SectionBPassageOneIntheearlydaysofrailroadshorsespulledthetrains.Thetrainshadnoenginesandnopoweroftheirown.RichardTraversicofEnglandinventedasteampoweredenginein1840.Soonpeoplewerebuildingrailroadsandsteamenginesallovertheworld.Becausethesteamenginedidtheworkthatanimalsusedtodo,peoplecalledthem“IronHorses”.PeterCopperwasarichAmericanbusinessman.HeownedalotoflandneartheBottomhalandOhiorailroad.Hewantedtherailroadtobesuccessful.Hebuilthisownsteamenginetodrivealongtherailroad.Mostpeopletraveledincoachesdrawnbyhouses.AcoachlinechallengedPeterCoppertoarace.Thedayoftheracecame.Atfirst,thehorsewaswinningtherace.PeterCopper’sengineneededtimetobuildupsteam.Heworkedhardtomakethetraingofaster.Soon,hewascatchingupwiththehorse.Hewasgoingtowintherace.Suddenly,oneofthepartsoftheenginebroke.Thetrainstopped.Thehorserushedahead.PeterCopperlosttherace.Ofcourse,thatisnottheendofthestory.By1870,railroadsextendedallacrosstheUnitedStates.TheIronHorsehadbecomeanimportantpartofAmericanlife.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhydidpeoplecallsteamenginesIronHorses?12.WhydidPeterCopperbuildhisownsteamengine?13.WhydidPeterCopperlosetherace?PassageTwoHollywoodproducesmanydifferentkindsoffilms,includingmysteries,musicals,lovestoriesandhorrorfilms.Differentthesefilmsmaybe.Theygenerallyhaveonethingincommonconflict.Themaincharacterwantssomethingverybadlyandwilldoanythingtogetit.Theopponenttriestostopthemaincharacterfromachievinghisgoal.Thisoppositioncreatesconflictandconflictistheheartofdrama.Togiveanexample.Let’ssaythemaincharacterisayoungmanofhumbleorigin,whowantstomarrythebeautifuldaughterofarichbanker.Thefatherthinkstheyoungmanisunworthyofhisdaughterandhedoesnotallowhertoseehim.Theyoungman,whoisverymuchinlove,refusestogiveupwithoutafight.Theconflictbetweentheyoungmanandthegirl’sfatheriswhatmakesthestoryinteresting.Itforcesthemaincharacterstotakeactionandthroughtheiractionweseethemastheyreallyare.Inthegoodstory,themaincharacterchanges.Heisnotthesameattheendofthestoryashewasatthebeginning.Helearnssomethingfromwatchingher.Goodmoviesnotonlyentertainus,theyalsohelpusunderstandalittlemoreaboutlife.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.WhatiscommontoallthefilmsproducedinHollywood?15.Whatusuallyhappenstothemaincharacterinagoodstory?16.Whatcanwelearnfromgoodmovies?PassageThreeInaway,allofusareonaspaceship-theplanetEarth.Wemovearoundthesunat18milespersecondandneverstop.nOnourspaceship,wehave5billionpeopleandlimitedsupplyofair,wateranland.Thesesupplieshavetobeusedcarefullybecausewecan’tbuynewair,waterorlandfromanywhereelse.Environmentonourplanetisaclosedsystem.Nothingnewiseveradded.Naturerecyclesitsresources.Water,forexample,evaporatesandrisesasvisibledropstoformclouds.Thesamewaterreturnstotheearthasrainorsnow.Therainthatfallstodayisactuallythesamewaterthatfellontheland70millionyearsago.Today,theearthisintrouble.Factoriespourdirtywaterintoourrivers,manyfishandwaterbecomesunhealthyforpeopletogetsick.Peoplethrowbottlesandpaperoutoftheircarwindowsandroadsidebecomescoveredwithallsortsofwastes.Overtheyearspeoplehavechangedenvironmentandwehavepollution.Tocontinuetosurvive,wemustlearnhowtousetheearthresourceswisely.Wehavetochangeouthabitsandstopdroppingsuchenormousamountsofindustrialwasteintothewaterandair.Wemustcooperatewithnatureandlearnbetterwaystouse,notabuseourenvironment.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.Whydoesthespeakercomparetheearthtoaspaceship?18.HowfastdoestheplanetEarthtravelaroundthesun?19.Whydoesthespeakeradviseustousetheearthresourceswisely?20.Whatmessageisthespeakertryingtoconvey?1996年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningcomprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Theflighthasbeencanceled.B)Theplaneislate.C)Theplaneisontime.D)Theticketsforthisflighthavebeensoldout.2.A)Heisnottoblame.B)Itwashisfault.C)Hewillacceptallresponsibility.D)Hewillbemorecarefulnexttime.3.A)Themanisaforgetfulperson.B)Thetypewriterisnotnew.nC)Themancanhavethetypewriterlater.D)Themanmisunderstoodher.4.A)Therewillbeheavyfoginallareas.B)Therewillbeheavyrainbymidnight.C)Therewillbeheavyfogintheeast.D)Therewillbefoginallareasbymidnight.5.A)She’sscornful.B)She’sangry.C)She’ssympathetic.D)She’sworried.6.A)Helikesthejobofadish-washerbecauseitpayswell.B)Hethinksit’simportanttohaveagoodjobfromthebeginning.C)Hehatestobeadish-washerbecauseit’sboring.D)Hewouldworkasadish-washerinsummerifhehasto.7.A)ShemustlearntounderstandJohn’shumorbetter.B)SheenjoysJohn’shumoragreatdeal.C)Shedoesn’tappreciateJohn’shumor.D)ShethinksJohnisnotfunnyenough.8.A)Joanmayhavetakenawrongtrain.B)Joanwillmissthenextconference.C)Joanwon’tcometotheconference.D)Joanmaybelatefortheopeningspeech.9.A)Shehasbeendismissedforherpoorperformance.B)Shehasbeenfiredbythecompany.C)Shehasbeengrantedleaveforonemonth.D)Shehasbeenofferedanewjob.10.A)Itwilllastfortwoweeks.B)Ithascometoahalt.C)Itwillendbeforelong.D)Itwillprobablycontinue.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestion11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Shewasanofficeworker.B)Shewasaphysician.C)Shewasacleaner.D)Shewasasocialworker.12.A)Becauseshecouldnotsleepwellatnight.B)Becauseshehopedtoearnmoremoney.C)Becauseshecouldnotfindadaytimejob.D)Becausesheneededachangeandalighterjob.n13.A)Sheworkssixnightseveryfortnight.B)Shedoesnottakepartinsocialactivitiesinherworkingdays.C)Shehasbeenanightnurseinahospitalforabout25years.D)Sheisnotsatisfiedwithherpresentjob.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)AsmalltowninBritain.B)Anewtypeofjail.C)Alabourcamp.D)AbiggymnasiuminScotland.15.A)WomencriminalsinScotland.B)Criminalswhoaregivenlongsentences.C)Criminalswhoaregivenshortsentences.D)CriminalsinScotland.16.A)Therewardtheprisonersgetfortheirwork.B)Thecomfortableaccommodation.C)Thewaytheprisonersaretreated.D)Theofficers’sympathyfortheprisoners.17.A)Togivetheprisonersmorefreedom.B)Tohelptheprisonerskeeptheirself-respect.C)Tohelptheprisonersdevelopthesenseofindependence.D)Toturntheprisonersintoskilledworkers.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Onanairplane.B)Neartheterminalbuilding.C)Inacoachtothecity.D)Inthewaitingroom.19.A)Neartheairporthotel.B)Atthetravelers’informationdesk.C)OutsidetheCustomsHall.D)Inthecenterofthecity.20.A)Thedeparturetaxtheyhavetopayontheirnextinternationalflight.B)Thedistancetheyhavetotravelfromtheairporttothecitycenter.C)Thepricesthemajorhotelscharge.D)Theplacewheretaxisarewaitingtobehired.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowingbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements-ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarktheandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanynmusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesittheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellpreservedPaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNeatEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNeareasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,tooismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwithpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledouttheinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisallpartofthe“informationrevolution,”atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.21.Researchintothematerialcultureofanation’sofgreatimportance________.A)ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnologyB)itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationC)ithelpsunderstandthenation’sFastandpresentD)itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization22.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat________.A)theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusicB)NearEasternmusichadinfluenceontheoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraC)thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusicD)themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonybasisofNearEasternmusic23.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause________.A)ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreaditB)ittendstostandardfolksingswhenitisusedbyfolkmusiciansC)itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusicD)itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs24.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic________.A)hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolutionB)hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputersC)hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusiccultureD)hasgiventothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthemainideaofthepassage?A)Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerlaterbereplacedbycomputers.B)Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.C)Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.D)Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentoritsmaterialaspect.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialnentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnature’scompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeet-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailincompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestrades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto________.A)argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenandhumansocietiesB)smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocietiesC)distinguishbetweentwokindsofoppositionD)summarizethethatcharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation27.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat________.A)itresultsinwarinmostcasesB)itinduceseffortstoexpandterritoryC)itiskindofoppositionamongariaentitiesD)itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence28.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“________”.A)betrayeachotherB)harmoneanotherC)helptocollaboratewitheachotherD)benefitonanother29.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict________.A)isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetitionB)reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimalsC)isanoppositionamongindividualsocialanimalsD)canbeavoided30.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“________”.A)Iswarinevitable?B)Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?C)Isconflictdesirable?D)Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputerisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitnexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.Computersimitatelife.Ascomputergetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillthecomputerasanewformoflife.Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescarcanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival.Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainonetimeanditfreezesup.Wearestillcontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputerareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990s,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythehepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.ThenewkindofintelligentlifeismoreIlikelytobemadeofsilicon.31.WhatdoyousupposetheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?A)Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthatmen.B)Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldthoughnotaswellasmen.C)Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.D)Heencouragedladiestopreach.32.Today,computerarestillinferiortomanintermsof________.A)decisionmakingB)drivesandfeelingsC)growthofreasoningpowerD)informationabsorption33.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecause________.A)inthelongprocessofevolutionslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthecomputerbecausebrainB)thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotionC)thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituationD)theevolutionofimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindocsnotimitatecomputers34.Thoughhethinkhighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat________.A)computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlifeB)humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputersC)theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpasswillthatofhumanbeingsD)theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains35.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A)Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.B)Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.C)Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman.D)Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.nQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Videorecordersandphotocopiers,eventicketmachinesontherailways,oftenseemunnecessarilydifficulttouse.LastDecemberIboughtmyselfaVideocassetterecorder(VCR)describedas“simpletouse”.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailedrepeatedlytoprogramthemachinetorecordfromtheTV,andaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmademistakes.Iamnotalone.AccordingtoasurveylastyearbyFerguson,theBritishmanufacturer,morethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimerontheirmachinestorecordaprogramme:theydon’tuseitbecausethey’vefounditfartoohardtooperate.SowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigningandproducingVCRSthatareawkwardtouseiftheproblemsaresoobvious?First,theproblemswenoticearenotobvioustotechnicallymindeddesignerswithyearsofexperienceandtrainedtounderstandhowapplianceswork.Secondly,designerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatimetoeachmodel,whereasyouorIfaceallamachine’sfeaturesatonce.Thirdly,althoughfindproblemsinafinishedproductiseasily,itistoolatebythentodoanythingaboutthedesign.Finally,ifmanufacturerscangetawaywithsellingproductsthataredifficulttouseit,itisnotworththeeffortofanyoneofthemtomakeimprovements.Somemanufacturerssaytheyconcentrateonprovidingawiderangeoffeaturesratherthanonmakingthemachineseasytouse.Butthatgivesrisetothequestion,“whycan’tyouhavefeaturesthatareeasytouse?”Theanswerisyoucan.Gooddesignpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneralprinciples.Forastart,designersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitoutontypicalmembersofthepublic-notoncolleaguesinthedevelopmentlaboratory.Simplepubictrialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes.Inanidealworld,therewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthattheVCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntil,say,90percentofuserscanwork90percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthetime.36.TheauthorhadtroubleoperatinghisVCRbecause________.A)hehadneglectedtheimportanceofusingthetimerB)themachinehadfarmoretechnicalfeaturesthannecessaryC)hehadsetaboutusingitwithoutpropertrainingD)itsoperationwasfarmoredifficultthanthedesignerintendedittobe31.Accordingtotheauthor,manufacturers________.AshouldaddmoreusefulfeaturestotheirmachinesB)oftenfailtomaketheirproductseasytouseC)shouldmaketheirappliancesasattractiveaspossibleD)oftenfailprovidepropertrainingintheuseoftheirproducts38.Itseemsthatmanufacturerswillremainreluctanttomakeimprovementsunless________.A)theycandosoasaverylowcostB)theyfindtheirmachineshardtooperateC)theyhavedifficultysellingtheirproductsD)theyreceivealotofcomplaintsabouttheirmachines39.AccordingtothepassagebeforeaVCRiscoldonthemarket,itsoriginalmodelshouldbetriedout________.A)amongordinaryconsumerswhoarenottechnicallymindedB)amongpeoplewhoaretechnicallymindedC)amongexperiencedtechniciansandpotentialusersD)amongpeoplewhoareinchargeofpublicrelations40.OneofthereasonswhyVCRsaresodifficulttouseisthat________.A)thedesignersareofteninsensitivetotheoperationalcomplexitiesoftheirmachinesB)therangeoffeaturesprovidedisunlimitednC)thereisnoidealwayofcontrollingqualityD)theirdesignersoftenignorethecomplaintsoftheirusesPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispert.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Thepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbutthedenied________intheareaonthenightofthefire.A)tobeB)tohavebeenC)havingbeenD)be42.Theschoolmaster________thegirl’sbraveryinhisopeningspeech.A)applaudedB)enhancedC)elevatedD)clapped43.Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase________totraffic.A)inadequateB)inaccessibleC)incompatibleD)insignificant44.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial________toitsburningtemperature.A)isheatedB)willbeheatedC)beheatedD)wouldbeheated45.Thesecretagentconcealedhermission,thereforemanylocalpeoplewere________wasagoodperson.A)betrayedB)drivenC)deceivedD)convinced46.Whythisotherwiseexcellentnewspaperallowssuchanarticletobeprinted________isme.A)aboveB)outsideC)besideD)beyond47.Whenbusinessis________,thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.A)degradedB)depressedC)reducedD)lessened48.Asfarastherankofconcernedanassociateprofessis________toaprofessorthoughtheyarealmostequallyknowledgeable.A)attachedB)subsidiarynC)previousD)inferior49.Thisbookwillshowthereaders________canbeusedinothercontexts.A)howthattheyhaveobservedB)thathowtheyhaveobservedC)howwhattheyhaveobservedD)thattheyhaveobserved50.Theplane________,itsexplodingasithittheground.A)smashedB)crushedC)plungedD)crashed51.Hebelievedthatthegreatestofhis________wasthathe’dneverhadacollegeeducation.A)grievesB)misfortunesC)disastersD)sorrows52.________youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoomuchimportanceonthem.A)AsB)SinceC)ProvidedD)While53.Thatlocalgovernmentleadersaremakingeveryeffortto________theproblemofpoverty.A)abolishB)tackleC)removeD)encounter54.AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerallymore________insocialcustomsthanWesterncountries,therehaveseveraltonotableexamplesofwomeninbothChinaandIndia.A)conservativeB)confidentialC)comprehensiveD)consistent55.________theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.A)TogiveB)GivenC)GivingD)Havinggiven56.Althoughthetwoplayersareinthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends________.A)partnersB)enemiesC)rivalsD)companionsn57.Thegirlwas________ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinalargedepartmentstore.A)preliminarilyB)presumablyC)formallyD)formerly58.Idon’tthinkthisquestionissubordinate________themainaimofourcompany.A)withB)toC)forD)on59.Whileadmittingthatthisforecastwas________uncertain,thescientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.A)anyhowB)somewhereC)somewhatD)anyway60.TheUnitedStatesistryingto________theproblemscreatedbytheenergycrisis.A)putupwithB)submittoC)complywithD)copewith61.Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacauserelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremains________.A)tobeshownB)tohaveshownC)tohavebeenshownD)beingshown62.Theeconomiccrisesinthatcountryhavethreatenedthe________ofthegovernment.A)stabilityB)capabilityC)persistenceD)permanence63.Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmelltheyhave________vision.A)vigorousB)exactC)acuteD)vivid64.Rebecca________meearlierifshedidnotlikeherhousesheboughtlastmonth.A)toldB)wouldtellC)hadtoldD)wouldhavetold65.Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan________thesurroundings.A)exploreB)exposenC)exploitD)expand66.TheWashingtonMonumentisahollowshaftwithoutabreak________itssurfaceexceptforthetinyentrance.A)inB)withC)fromD)to67.Thetrafficpoliceweresearchingforevidencetoprovetheaccusedman’s________,butinvain.A)mistakeB)guiltC)faultD)defeat68.Theworld’sgreatestsportingevent,theOlympicGames,upholdstheamateuridealthat________mattersisnotwinningbutparticipating.A)anythingB)itC)whatD)everything69.Veryfewscientists________completelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblems.A)comeupwithB)comeoutC)comeroundD)comeupto70.Thepolitearesuspicious________hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.A)toB)atC)onD)ofPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Moststudiessuggestthatwhenwomenandmendothesamejobandhavetheexperience,payratestendtobesimilar.Mostofthedollardifferencesstemfromfactthat(71)womentendtobemorerecentlyemployedandhavemore(72)yearsonthejob.Whetherwomenwhohavestartedacareerwillattainpayequalitywithmenrestonatleasttwofactors.(73)First,willmostofthemcontinueparttimeattheirjobsafter(74)theyhavechildren?Abreakintheiremployment,oradecision(75)toworkparttime,willslowitsraisesandpromotionsbecauseitwouldformen.Second,willmale-dominated(76)companieselevatewomentohigher-paidjobsatthedifferent(77)rateastheyelevatemen?Onnsomefields,thishadclearlynot(78)happened.Manymen,forexample,havecommittedtheir(79)livestoteachingcareers,yetrelativefewhavebecome(80)principalsorheadmasters.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicWhyITaketheCollegeEnglishTestBand6?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldabaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试(简称CET-6)2.我参加CET-6考试的理由WhyITaketheCollegeEnglishTestBand6?1996年1月六级参考答案PartI1.B2.A3.A4.D5.C6.D7.C8.D9.B10.D11.C12.D13.B14.B15.A16.C17.B18.A19.C20.APartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.C27.D28.B29.D30.A31.A32.B33.C34.B35.D36.B37.B38.C39.A40.APartIIIVocabularyandStructure41.C42.A43.B44.C45.C46.D47.B48.D49.C50.D51.B52.D53.B54.A55.B56.C57.D58.B59.C60.D61.A62.A63.C64.D65.A66.A67.C68.C69.A70.DPartIVErrorCorrection71.fromfact→fromthefact72.recently→frequently73.rest→rests74.part→full75.its→their76.because→as77.different→same78.On→In79.men→womenn80.relative→relatively1996年1月六级听力原文1.M:I’msorry,Madam,theplaneissomewhatbehindtheschedule.Takeaseat.I’llinformyouassoonasweknowsomethingdefinite.W:Thankyou.I’dratherlookaroundandI’llbebackinseveralminutes.Q:Whatcanbeconcludedabouttheplane?2.W:Whatanaccident!Ifyou’vebeencareful,thingswouldnotbeastheyare.M:Whatdoyoumean?Itwasmyfault?Ifitwere,surelyI’lltakeallresponsibilityforit.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.M:Isn’tthatanewbrandoftypewriteryou’reworkingat?W:Oh,Bill,thisisn’tthefirsttimeyouaskedmeaboutit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.W:It’snearlyteno’clock.Let’slistentotheweatherforecast.M:Hereistheweatherforecast:Fogisspreadingfromtheeastandit’llaffectallareasbymidnight.Itwillbeheavyinsomeplaces.Q:What’stheweatherforecast?5.M:Iforgotallaboutthetwoo’clockmeeting.Tom’sgoingtokillme.W:Oh,God!Icanseewhyyouareupset.Youcanreallybeannoyingwhensomethingimportantslipsinyourmind.Q:What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardstheman’sforgetfulness?6.W:DoyouknowJaneworksasadish-washeratrestaurantaroundthecorner?M:Itisn’tabadjobtostartwith.Iwouldn’tmindthatjobforthesummerifnoothersareavailable.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.M:Johniscertainlythefunniestpersoninclass.Hecanalwaysmakeeveryonelaugh.W:IthinkIstillhavetogetusedtohissenseofhumor.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.M:WhereisJoan?Shesaidshewouldbehereatthree.Andnowit’sthree-thirty.Shemusthavemissedthetrain.W:Ithinkso,butIhopeshewon’tmissthenextone.Otherwise,sheshouldbelatefortheopeningaddressoftheconference.Q:What’sthewomanworriedabout?9.M:I’msorrytotellyouthatyouneedn’tcomenextweek.Youknowsalesofourcompanyhavebeenpoorrecently.W:I’vealwaysworkedhard.WouldyoubekindenoughtogivemeamonthtimesothatIcanfindanewjob?Q:Whathashappenedtothewoman?10.W:Thestrikeoftheportershasholdupexportordersfortwoweeks.Doyouthinkitwillendsoon?M:SofarasIknow,themanagementsidehasmadeanimprovedpayofferbuttheunionsarejustholdingoutfortheoriginaldemands.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthestrike?PassageOneMissSusanBrownis25yearsoldandhasbeenanightnurseatahospitalsincelastApril.Sheworks8nightson6nightsofffrom9:15atnightto8:00o’clockthenextmorning.Sheworkedasanofficecleanerbeforeshecametothehospital,forshehadn’tenjoyedthatexperienceatall.ItperhapsissurprisingthatSusanchosetoworkatnightpermanently.Shefeltsheneededachangeforonething,andforanother,shehopedtoeventuallytobecomeaheadnurse.Shehasalsofoundthatanightnurse’sworkisphysicallylessdemandingthatacleaner’s,andshecansleep8nhoursduringtheday.Ofcourse,therearesomeproblemsinherdailylife.Themostseriousproblemistheheadacheshegetfromthedimlightinginthehospital.Shedoesn’thavetimetowashherlonghairfor8workingdaysandshehastolearntopackallhersocialactivitiesinto6daysoutofafortnight.Butonthewhole,shefeelsveryhappy.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhatjobdidMissSusanBrownhavebeforesheworkedasanightnurseinthehospital?12.WhydidSusanchoosetodonightwork?13.WhatdoesthepassagetellusaboutSusanBrown?PassageTwoCottonvilleisanewprisonspeciallydesignedforwomencriminalsinScotland.The226prisonersthereliveinsmallunitsof7rooms.Thereisakitchenwheretheycooktheirownmealsandaloungeforthefittedcarpetandarmchairs.The“wakeup,wakeup”callbyloudspeakersat7:00everymorningisfollowedbyamusicprogramwhichcreatesatmosphereofaholidaycamp.Duringtheday,mostoftheprisonersareemployedin3workshops,makingtoysorclothing.Theirearningsupto90penniesaweekcanbespentintheprisonshop.Thegymnasium,whichalsoactsasacinemaandconcerthall,hasfacilitiesfortabletennis,basketballanddancing.Prisoners,particularlythoseoflongsentencesareencouragedtobeindependentandtakeresponsibilityforthemselvesandothers.Thisisinmanywaysmuchmoredemandingthansimplyservingtime.Justasthedeputygovernorofthisprisononcesaid“Wetrytopreservetheprisoners’respectasmuchaspossiblebyimaginingourselvesintheirposition.”Hiswordsexplainedwhythisnewprisonisruninauniqueway.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.What’sCottonville?15.Whatkindofpeoplearesenttotheprisonmentionedinthestory?16.What’smostimportantinmakingtheprisonunique?17.What’sthepurposeofrunningtheprisoninthisway?PassageThreeLadiesandgentlemen,we’vecommencedourdescendintheSydneyAirportandwe’lldepartoutsidetheterminalbuildingabout30minutesfromnow.Forthoseofyouvisitingthecityforthefirsttime,Ihavesomeinformationforyou.ThedistancefromtheairporttothecenterofSydneyisapproximately10km.Taxisareavailable.You’llfindtaxisrightoutsidetheterminalbuilding.ThecostofTaxitriptothecityisabout12Australiandollars.Thereisthecouchserviceavailableandthecostofthejourneytothecityandmajorhotelsis6dollarsforadults,and2dollarsand50centsforchildren.ThereisalsotheopenyellowbusNo.300tothecityatacostof3dollarsforadultsor1dollarand50centsforchildren.BankingfacilitiesareavailableoutsidetheCustomsHall.HotelbookingfacilitiescanbefoundattheTravelersInformationService.I’dliketoremindyouwhenyouleaveSydneyAirportonthenextinternationalflight,you’llberequiredtopayaDepartureTaxof10dollars.Thankyou.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.Whereistheannouncementmade?19.Wherearethebankingfacilitiesavailable?20.Whatdoestheannouncerfinallyremindthepassengersof?1996年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningcomprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisnthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Tochangethetennisshoesinthesportsweardepartment.B)Tohelphisfriendfindtherightdepartment.C)Tofindhislostshoesonthetenniscourt.D)Tobuyhimselfapairoftennisshoes.2.A)Theyproducepartoftheirownfood.B)Theyselltheirownproduce.C)Theyfeedtheirfamilyoncheapfood.D)Theybuyfoodfromfarmers.3.A)Mr.White’sreasonforleaving.B)Mr.White’snewappointment.C)Avacantposition.D)Howtoapplyforajob.4.A)BehostiletoNancy.B)AskNancytocomeout.C)TalktoNancyherself.D)WriteNancyaletter.5.A)Toserveashertourguide.B)Toserveasherbodyguard.C)Toserveasherdriver.D)Toserveasherporter.6.A)Heisoftenaskedtogoandseeexhibits.B)Hewouldliketogoandseetheexhibit.C)Hewenttoseetheexhibitlastyear.D)Hedefinitelydoesnotwanttogo.7.A)Theenvironmentalproblem.B)Thehealthproblem.C)Theeducationalproblem.D)Theinternationalproblem.8.A)BobwillseeSusantomorrowevening.B)Bobmightbeathomelatetomorrowevening.C)BobandSusanhavedecidedtogoonaholiday.D)Bobaskedthewomantocomeanothertime.9.A)Theythinkcinemasaretoofarawayfromtheirhomes.B)Theyaredisappointedwiththefilmsproducedthesedays.C)Theybothdislikefilmsaboutadventurestories.D)Theybothliketheideaofgoingtothecinemaatnight.10.见附图1SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOnenQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Becausehewasacookatacountry-musicclub.B)Becauseheperformedforguestswhileheworkedasacook.C)Becauseheoftensangwhilecooking.D)Becausehelikedsingingbetterthancooking.12.A)Hisbrother.B)Hismanager.C)Hisfather.D)Abusinesswoman.13.A)Ataclub.B)Onafarm.C)Ataconstructionsite.D)Inarecordcompany.14.A)Hisabilitytoliveindependently.B)Hissenseofresponsibilityinwhateverhedid.C)Hiscourageinthefaceofrejections.D)Hishardworkinhisearlydays.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Howtohandlespiders.B)SpidersintheUnitedStates.C)People’sfearofspiders.D)Aspecialkindofspider.16.A)Mostspiderswillnotbiteevenwhenhandled.B)Mostspidersarepoisonousanddangerous.C)Mostspidersarelikelytoattackpeople.D)Mostspidershavesharpeyes.17.A)Becauseshecannotfindahusbandforherself.B)Becausethefemalespiderislargerthanthemaleone.C)Becausethefemalespiderofteneatsherhusband.D)Becausesheisablackfemalespider.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebeonthepassageyouhavejustheard18.A)Instructions.B)Medicine.C)Money.D)Thedraftofhisspeech.19.A)BecauseshehadtotypeMr.Bascomb’sspeech.B)Becauseshehadaheadache.C)Becauseshehadtomeetsomebusinessmen.D)Becauseshehadtogethercarfixed.20.A)Theproblemofthecity.B)Himselfandhisproblems.C)Thingshehadplannedtosaytohisaudience.D)Theplanforhisfutureworkasmayor.nPartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowingbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements-ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarktheandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga“new”feature.TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationon1,000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary:EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLMEplusculturalinformation.Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly“cultural”aswellaslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.Whilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedic/culturalentriesfortheOxfordandLongmandictionaries,thereisacleardifference.OxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,their1,000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension.Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwiderrangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwithasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinctsocio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.21.Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefromtraditionalones?A)ThecombinationoftwodictionariesintooneB)ThenewapproachtodefiningwordsC)TheinclusionofculturalcontentD)Theincreaseinthenumberofentries22.TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudice________.A)itsscopeofculturalentriesthebeyondthecultureoftheEnglish-speakingworldB)itpayslittleattentiontotheculturalcontentofthenon-English-speakingcountriesC)itviewstheworldpurelyfromthestandpointoftheEnglish-speakingworldD)itfailstodistinguishlanguagefromcultureinitsencyclopedicentries23.TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat________.A)ithasawiderselectionOfencyclopedicentriesB)itismainlydesigntomeettheneedsofradiolistenersC)itlaysmoreemphasiscolanguagethenoncultureD)itisintendedtohelplistenersdeveloptheirlisteningcomprehensionskills24.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat,inapproachingsocio-culturalcontentinadictionary,specialthoughtbegivento________.nA)thelanguagelevelsofitsusersB)thenumberofitsprospectivepurchasersC)thedifferenttastesofitsusersD)thevariousculturalbackgroundsofitsusers25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.B)Acomparisonofpeople’sopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.C)TheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongman.D)Theuser-friendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystarttowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.Ifthedetectivehastodetectivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimplesmindednessasheseesit-ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestaredbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical.26.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause________.A)hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminalsB)hemustbelieveasprofessionallawyersdoC)hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommittedD)hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals27.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?A)DangerousB)DemandingC)DistressingD)Dramatic28.Accordingtothepassage,policemenspendmostoftheirtimeanefforts________.A)patrollingthestreet,rainorshineB)trackingandarrestingcriminalsC)collectingandprovidingevidencenD)consultingtherulesoflaw29.What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache?A)Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.B)Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.C)Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases.D)Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense.30.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?A)Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.B)Becausetheyfindpeopleinsincerewiththem.C)Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.D)Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdocsnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywireandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseouttechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheindustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheindustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheindustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatpeesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.31.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.A)isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobjectB)servesdifferentpurposesequallywellC)isutilizedbymanD)canbeofusetobothmanandanimal32.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.A)ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworldB)technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforitC)technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbymannD)beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror33.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.A)thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmindB)thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebeforeC)ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnologyD)ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety34.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”,theauthorrefersto,thefactthattechnology________.A)hasagreatimpactonhumanlifeB)hassomecharacteristicsofhumannatureC)canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmindD)doesnotexistinthenaturalworld35.Thepassageisbasedontheauthor’s________.A)keeninsightintothenatureoftechnologyB)prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheindustrialRevolutionC)cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputersD)exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnologyQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiesaxialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhisculture,andbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.36.Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat________.A)customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehaviorB)thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustomC)peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlookD)customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking37.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?A)Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.B)Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingofagroupofpeople.C)Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.D)Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.38.Theworld“custom”inthispassagemostprobablymeans________.nA)theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasocietyB)theindependentlydevelopedsocialordersC)theadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironmentD)thepatternsandstandardsofbehaviorofacommunity39.Accordingtothepassageaperson’slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath,________.A)isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeopleB)ispredominatedbytraditionalcustomC)iscontinuallyinfluencedbythehabitsofothercommunitiesD)ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim40.Theauthor’spumpinwritingthispassageis________.A)tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustomsB)tostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividualC)toexaminetheinteractionofmanandaxialcustomsD)toshowman’sadjustmenttotraditionalcustomsPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispert.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheearth’ssurfacetemperaturehasincreased________onequartertothreequartersofadegreesince1805.A)toB)beC)atD)with42.TheladydressedinthelatestParisfashionis________inherappearancebutrudeinherspeech.A)elaborateB)excessiveC)elegantD)exaggerated43.Manypeoplethinkthatthestandardsofpublic________havedeclined.A)moralityB)rightnessC)awarenessD)mentality44.IcelandliesfarnorthintheAtlantic,withitsnorthernmosttipactually________theArcticCircle.A)touchedB)touchesC)touchingD)beingtouched45.Youneedtorewritethissentencebecauseitis________,thereaderswillhavedifficultyinunderstandingit.A)comprehensiveB)alternativeC)deliberateD)ambiguous46.Peopleweresurprisedtofindthathehadtheabilityto________everythinghewasinvolvedin.nA)precedeB)dominateC)effectD)instruct47.ColinmarriedmysisterandImarriedhisbrother,________makesColinandmedoublein-laws.A)whatB)whichC)thatD)it48.Theproblemsrequiringimmediatesolutionwillbegiven________atthemeeting.A)priorityB)urgencyC)superiorityD)emergency49.Amembershipcardauthorizes________theclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodof12months.A)theholderusingB)theholder’suseC)theholdertouseD)theholderuses50.Duringtheconferencethespeaker’triedto________hisfeelingsconcerningtheurgencyofafavorabledecision.A)complyB)imposeC)implyD)convey51.________Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tthinkthattheycannotbesolved.A)UnlessB)UntilC)AsD)While52.Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent________.A)performancesB)personalitiesC)qualitiesD)appearances53.Yourexcusethatanelephantfellonyouandmadeyoulateisjust________.A)inevitableB)indispensableC)incredibleD)incurable54.Anotherbigissue________thenewrepublicistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.A)confiningB)confirmingC)conformingD)confronting55.ItriedtorelaxbecauseIknewIwoulduseupmyoxygensooner________.nA)themoreexcitedIgotB)IgotexcitedmoreC)andmoreIgotexcitedD)andIgotmoreexcited56.Scientistsfirst________theideaoftheatombombinthe1930s.A)imaginedB)conceivedC)consideredD)acknowledged57.Cottonproductionhasbeen________thedeclinetheseyears.A)downB)onC)atD)under58.Thedaybeforemyhistoryexam,Istillhadn’t________readingthefirstbookonthelist.A)asaboutB)caughtupwithC)gotroundtoD)satfor59.Hehaspointedourthedangers________inthisofnuclearpowerstation.A)interiorB)inherentC)insistsD)inner60.WhereverIhaveanappointment,Iliketoarrive________.A)aheadoftimealittleB)alittletimeC)alittleaheadoftimeD)aheadofalittletime61.Radarisusedtoextendthe________ofman’ssenseofobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.A)validityB)liabilityC)capabilityD)intensity62.Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived________injures.A)fatalB)excessiveC)disastrousD)exaggerated63.Ittheoceanwerefreeofice,stormpathswouldmovefurthernorth,________theplainsofNorthAmericaofrainfall.A)todepriveB)deprivedC)deprivingnD)deprived64.Awindowinthekitchenwas________;therewasrubbisheverywhere,andthecurtainsandcarpetshadbeenstolen.A)scatteredB)scrapedC)scratchedD)smashed65.Thisisanideasiteforauniversity________itisfarfromthedowntownarea.A)providedthatB)nowthatC)sothatD)inthat66.Themost________technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.A)prominentB)prosperousC)solemnD)prevalent67.Whethertheirfootballteamwillwinisamatterof________tome.A)indifferenceB)discriminationC)deviationD)interests68.HethoughthecouldtalkMr.Robinson________buyingsomeexpensiveequipment.A)onB)ofC)roundD)into69.Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway________.A)natureisbeingruinedB)whichnatureisruinedC)onwhichtoruinnatureD)ofnaturetoberuined70.Though________rich,hewasbetteroffthanatanyotherperiodinhislife.A)byanymeansB)bysomemeansC)byallmeansD)bynomeansPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodnManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______OnemajordecisionwhichfacestheAmericanstudentsreadytobeginhighereducationisthechoiceofattendingalargeuniversityorasmallcollege.Thelargeuniversityprovidesawiderangeofspecializeddepartments,aswellnumerous(71)courseswithinsuchdepartments.Thesmallcollege,therefore,(72)generallyprovidesalimitednumberofcoursesandspecializationsbutofferabetterstudent-facultyratio,thus(73)permitindividualizedattentiontostudents.Becauseofitslarge(74)studentbody(oftenexceeding20,000)consistinginmany(75)peoplefromdifferentcountriestheuniversityexposesitsstudentstomanydifferentculture,socialandout-of-class(76)programmes.Ontheotherhand,thesmaller,morehomogenousstudentbodyofthebigcollege(77)affordsgreateropportunitiesinsuchactivities.Finally,theuniversitycloselyapproximatestherealworldandwhich(78)providesarelaxed,impersonal,andsometimesanonymousexistence,onthecontrast,theintimate(79)atmosphereofthesmallcollegeallowsthestudentfouryearsofstructurallivinginwhichtoexpectandpreparingforthereal(80)world.Inmakinghischoiceamongeducationalinstitutionsthestudentmust,therefore,consideragreatmanyfactors.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHealthGainsinDevelopingCountries.Youmustbasepourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions(giveninChinese):1.以附图2为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(lifeexpectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality)的变化情况.2.说明引起变化的各种原因.1996年6月六级参考答案PartI1.D2.A3.C4.C5.A6.D7.A8.B9.B10.C11.B12.D13.A14.B15.B16.A17.C18.C19.D20.BPartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)21.C22.C23.D24.D25.A26.D27.C28.C29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.D35.A36.C37.A38.D39.B40.BPartIIIVocabularyandStructure41.B42.C43.A44.C45.D46.B47.B48.A49.C50.D51.D52.B53.C54.D55.A56.B57.B58.C59.B60.A61.C62.A63.C64.D65.D66.A67.A68.D69.A70.DnPartIVErrorCorrection71.well→wellas72.therefore→however73.offer→offers74.permit→permitting75.in→of76.culture→cultural77.big→small78.and→/OR:which→this79.contrast→contrary80.preparing→prepare1996年6月六级听力原文1.M:CouldyoupleasetellwhereIcanfindtennisshoes?W:Yes.Youcangettheminthesportsweardepartmentontherightsideofthestore.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?2.M:Howdoyoumanagetofeedyourfamilywhenfoodpricesaresohigh?W:Wehaveagardenandsomefruittrees,andweraisesomefishinthesmallpond.Q:Whatdoesthewoman’sfamilydoaboutthehighcostoffood?3.M:IhearthatMr.Wrighthasleft.Hasanybodybeenappointedtotakehisplace?W:Ibelieveseveralmenappliedforthejobbutnothinghasbeendecidedyet.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?4.W:IreallywanttoknowwhyNancyisalwayssohostiletowardme.M:Didyoueverthinkofjustcomingrightoutandaskingher?Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanshoulddo?5.W:Itisexcitingjusttothinkaboutit!It’llbemyfirsttriptoHawaii.ButImayhavetroublefindingmywayaroundtherewhenI’mthere.M:Don’tworryaboutthat.Justgivemeacallwhenyouarrive.I’llbegladtoshowyouaround.Q:whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?6.W:Wouldyouliketogoandseethenewexhibitwithus?M:That’sthelastthingintheworldIeverwanttodo.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.W:Iwonderofourchildrenwillstillbeabletobreaththecleanair,drinkcleanwaterandseethebluesky.M:Iagreewithyou.Ithinkit’stimemanlearnedtoliveinharmonywiththeearthinsteadofjustexploitingit.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?8.W:Bob,canIcometoseeyouatyourhometomorrowevening?M:Sure.SusanandIhavesorthalfdecidedtogoswimminglatetomorrowafternoon.Sogivemearingbeforeyoucome,OK?Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?9.M:Iusedtogotothecinemaalot.Itdidmakeanicenightout,butnotnow.W:No,Idon’teither.Therearen’tanygoodadventurousstorieslikethemoviestheymadewhenIwasyoung.Q:Whatcanbeconcludedfromthisconversation?10.M:HowdidyourcompanydofromJulytoSeptember?W:ThesalesdroppedduringJulybutincreasedsteadilyfromAugusttoSeptember.nQ:Whichgraphdoyouthinkcorrespondstothewoman’reply?PassageOneIgrewupinasmalltown.Myfatherraisedchickensandranaconstructioncompany.Iwasbarely10yearsoldwhendadgavemetheresponsibilityoffeedingthechickensandcleaningupthestable.Hebelieveditwasimportanttometohavethosejobstolearnresponsibilityandmoods.Then,whenIwas22,IfoundajobinNashvilleatacountrymusicsub-clubcalled“TheNashvillePalace“.Iwasheddishesandcookedfrom4:00p.m.to9:00p.m.andthenwentonstageandsanduntil2:00inthemorning.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIbecameknownasasingingcook.Ihadbeenrejectedsomanytimesbyrecordcompaniesthatitwashardnottobediscouraged.Onenight,awomanexecutivefromacompanynamedWarnerBrothersRecordscametohearmesing.Whentheshowwasover,wesatdownandtalkedandaftersheleft,Isaidtomyselfitwasonemorerejection.Afewweekslater,mymanagerreceivedaphonecall-WarnerBrotherswantedtosignmetoarecorddeal.Soonafter,IreleasedmyfirstrecordinJune,1986.Itsoldover2millioncopies.MybesteffortshadgoneintoeveryjobIeverheld.Itwasthesenseofresponsibilitythatmademefeellikeaman.KnowingthatIhaddonemybestfilledmewithpride.Istillfeelthatwaytoday,eventhoughIhavebecomeawell-knownsinger.Questions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.Whywasthespeakeronceknownasthesingingcook?12.Whofirstrecognizedhistalentsandofferedhimabigdeal?13.Wheredidthespeakerworkjustbeforehebecameaprofessionalsinger?14.Whatmadethespeakerproudofhimself?PassageTwoYoushouldnotfearspidersbecauseoftheirpoison.OfallthespidersinNorthAmerica,onlyonekindisreallydangerousandmostwouldnotbiteeveniftheywerehandled.Theymuchprefertorunawayortodroptothegroundonathreadofsilk.Evenso,whenaspiderrunsdirectlytowardaperson,itgivestheimpressionthatitisabouttoattack.Actually,itcannotseethepersoninitsway.Thespideristooshort-sightedtoseethingsatadistance.Itonlywantstogowhereitwon’tbedisturbed.IntheUnitedStatesonekindofspiderisresponsibleforthefrighteningreputationoftherest.ItistheBlackWidow,socalledbecausethefemale,whichislargerthanthemale,ofteneatsherhusbandaftermakinglove.TheBlackWidowisfoundinallstatesbutismostcommoninthesouthandthewest.Sheconstructsaloose,irregularwebunderapileofruinsornearthefoundationsofbuildingswheresheisseldomdisturbed.Sheisnotanattackingspiderandmanypeoplehaveproventhisbylettinghercrawlovertheirhands.Whenshebites,itisusuallyinself-defense.Inspiteofthestoriesyoumayhaveheard,itisrareforapersontobebittenbyaBlackWidowandevenmoreunusualforthebitetoprovefatal.Butrememberthatherpoisonispowerfulandeventhoughsheisshy,sheshouldberespected.Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?16.Whatdowelearnaboutthespidersfromthepassage?17.WhyisthespideryoujustheardaboutcalledtheBlackWidow?PassageThreeMr.Bascombwasupset.Attimelikethishewishedhehadneverbecomeacandidateformayor.Everythinghadgonewrongthatmorning.Evenbeforeleavingthehouse,hehadreceivedatelephonecallfromhiselectioncampaignmanageraskingformoney.Thismadehimangryandheleftthehouseinabadmood.WhenMr.Bascombarrivedattheoffice,hecouldfeelhisheadswinging.Hereachedformedicinebutthebottlewasempty.Hehadforgottentopickupsomemedicineatthedrugstore.Mr.Bascomblookedathiswatch.Hewastodeliveracampaignspeechbeforeagroupofbusinessmenattheclubat11o’clock.HehadgivenaroughdraftofhisspeechtoBarbarathedaybeforeandaskedhertotypeitoutforhim.Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasBarbara.Sheexplainedthathercarhadbrokendownandshecouldn’tbeatworkuntil12o’clock.Mr.Bascombwasdesperate.Hedidn’tknowwhattondo.Hewasverynervouswhenhearrivedattheclub.Hecouldn’trememberanythinghehadplannedtosaytohisaudience.Hestartedtalkingabouthimselfandhisproblemsinsteadoftalkingabouttheproblemsofthecity.Mostofthepeopleintheaudiencewerebored.BythetimeMr.Bascombfinishedhisspeech,almosteveryonehadfallenintosleeporlefttheroom.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.WhatdidMr.Bascomb’selectioncampaignmanageraskfor?19.Whycouldn’tBarbaracometoworkbefore12o’clock?20.WhatdidMr.Bascombtalkaboutattheclub?1997年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA)，B)，C),andD)anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Theirparentscutbacktheloan.B)Thewomandoesn’twantFranktotakeanotherEnglishcourse.C)Theycan’tpaytherentthismonth.D)Thewoman’sbossrefusedtogiveheraraise.2.A)AskDr.Smithtoalterhisdecision.B)AskDr.Smithtocallthelibrary.C)GetthebookdirectlyfromDr.Smith.D)GetDr.Smith’swrittenpermission.3.A)$120B)$108C)$90D)$404.A)Hefeelsunsympathetic.B)Hefeelsit’sapity.C)Hefeelsit’sunfair.D)Hefeelsglad.n5.A)Doingbusiness.B)Takingpictures.C)Buyingcameras.D)Makingmovies.6.A)Lookingforanapartment.B)Lookingforajob.C)Takingasuburbanexcursion.D)Askingthemanforhisopinions.7.A)She’llgotoheruncle’s.B)Shehasanappointmentwithherfriend.C)She’llhaveanappointmentwithherfriend.D)She’llhaveavisitor.8.A)Hemadeasuddenturn.B)Hedrovethebusoverabicycle.C)Hetriedtoavoidhittingthetruck.D)Hewasdrivingtoofast.9.A)Heiscurious.B)Heisimpatient.C)Heisexhausted.D)Heissatisfied.10.A)Shedidn’tknowhowtousethenewoven.B)Shewantedherrefrigeratortobefixed.C)Thereissomethingwrongwiththeoven.D)Thereissomethingwrongwiththefood.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Becauseheledhisteamstomanychampionships.B)Becausehesetasmanyas65differentrecords.C)Becausehestillplayedthegameafterheretired.D)Becausehedidn’tstopplayingevenwhenhewasseriouslyinjured.12.A)Helostthefinalchancetowinachampionship.B)Hewasknockedoutduringonecontest.C)Hebrokeaboneinthewristduringamatch.D)Hewasawardedwitha$1.5millionhouse.13.A)Tobreakthepreviousrecords.B)Tobuyaluxuryhouse.C)Towinonemorechampionshipforhisteam.D)ToplayagainsttheNewYorkteamonceagain.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.n14.A)Toenjoyagoodstory.B)Toseetheactorsandactresses.C)Toexperienceanexcitinglife.D)Toescapetheireverydaylife.15.A)Theyfeelthateverythingonthescreenisfamiliartothem.B)Theyaretouchedbythelifestoriesoftheactorsandactresses.C)Theytrytoturntheirdreamsintoreality.D)Theybecomesoinvolvedthattheyforgettheirownproblems.16.A)Becausetheyarewellmadeandthestoriesareinteresting.B)Becausetheheroeshavetocopewithmanyproblemsandfrustrations.C)Becausethecharactersinthemoviesarefreetodowhatevertheylike.D)Becausegoodguysinthemoviesalwayswinintheend.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Becausethebottlewasemptyanduseless.B)Becausehewantedtolightentheloadofhissmallplane.C)BecausethebottlemightbeusefultothenativeAfricans.D)Becausehewantedtoamusethelocaltribespeople.18.A)Amessagefromtheoutsideworld.B)Awarningfromthegods.C)Asymbolofmisfortune.D)Agiftfromthegods.19.A)ThelocalAfricansarepeacelovingpeople.B)Sodabottlesareverypreciousinsomeremoteareas.C)Atrivialthingmaysometimesbringaboutundesirableconsequences.D)Cautionmustbetakeninintroducingnewtechnology.20.A)Theythoughtthatthegodswereallcrazy.B)Theywereisolatedfromtheoutsideworld.C)Theyenjoyedlivinginthepeacefuldesert.D)Theyworshippedthegodsallthemoreaftertheincident.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C),andD).youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmaybeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.nForexample,acertainkeypunch(键盘打孔)operatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoff(向…透露)thecompanythatwasbeingrobbed.Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled(耍弄)themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,aaccountant,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.21.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A)itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestodayB)computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutionsC)computercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetectedD)peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequesttheircompany22.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat________.A)manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscoveredB)therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblemC)mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimesD)mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheirbadluck23.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?A)Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.B)Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation.C)Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.D)Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.24.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?A)Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.B)Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords.C)Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.D)Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail.25.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A)whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspectionsB)whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishmentC)howcomputercriminalsmanagetogetgoodrecommendationfromtheirformeremployersD)whycomputercrimescan’tbeeliminatedQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheantinucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsnbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuranium(铀)inadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.26.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis________.A)indifferentB)favorableC)tolerantD)negative27.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingistrueofnuclearenergy?A)PrimitiveB)ExhaustibleC)CheapD)Unsafe28.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause________.A)itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemploymentB)itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolutionC)itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsocietyD)nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?A)Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.B)Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.C)Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.D)Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.30.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto________.A)advancethefinalargumentB)reflectthewriter’sattitudeC)reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughtsD)showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpowerQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,mood,andsocialoutlook.Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddleclassmanorwomanmaybealienated(疏远…)byayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits(套装),includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeorndrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollagestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinter-personalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwelldefinedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming(打扮)-shorterhair,moderateuseofmakeup,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”31.Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress________.A)providescluesforpeoplewhoarecriticalofusB)indicatesourlikesanddislikesinchoosingacareerC)hasadirectinfluenceonthewaypeopleregardusD)isofparticularimportancewhenwegetoninage32.Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage,wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcan________.A)changepeople’sconservativeattitudestowardtheirlifestyleB)helpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesexC)makethemcompetitiveinthejobmarketD)helpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationships33.Theword“precedent”(Line1,Para.4)probablyrefersto________.A)earlyactsformentofollowasexamplesB)particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportanceC)thingsthatmenshouldagreeuponD)men’sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided34.Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause________.A)thevarietyofprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochooseB)womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodelsC)menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositionsD)theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Dressingforeffect.B)Howtodressappropriately.C)Managerialpositionsandclothing.D)Dressingfortheoccasion.Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespentn11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,CocaCola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe’sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlongtermcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes.“Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,”saysKaleelJamison,aNewYorkbasedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues.“Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you’llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion.”Sheadds,“Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydown(使不突出)theirvisibility.”Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.36.Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Line2,Para.1)probablyrefersto“________”.A)criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceB)theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefsC)thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheyeD)theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization37.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.A)letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouareB)projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyouC)workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiorsD)performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors38.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.A)knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotionB)wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefsC)don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolorD)believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor39.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman’sbeliefsare________.A)biasedB)popularC)insightfulD)superficial40.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.A)RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementB)TheImportanceofBeingVisibleC)JobPerformanceandAdvancementD)SexandCareerSuccessPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C),andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Asa________actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.A)flexiblenB)versatileC)sophisticatedD)productive42.Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong________oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.A)sponsorsB)contributorsC)advocatesD)performers43.Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto________.A)ascendB)descendC)declineD)plunge44.Competition,theybelieve,________thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.A)enforcesB)confirmsC)intensifiesD)strengthens45.Theaccident________himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.A)excludedB)disabledC)deprivedD)gripped46.Onweekendsmygrandmausually________aglassofwine.A)subscribestoB)engagesinC)hangsonD)indulgesin47.Thepeoplelivingintheseapartmentshavefree________tothatswimmingpool.A)accessB)excessC)excursionD)recreation48.Atthepartywefoundthatshygirl________hermotherallthetime.A)dependingonB)coincidingwithC)adheringtoD)clingingto49.Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople________andaskthemquestions.A)atlengthB)atrandomC)inessenceD)inbulk50.Ithinkshehurtmyfeelings________ratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.nA)virtuallyB)deliberatelyC)literallyD)appropriately51.Eventhoughhewasguilty,the________judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.A)mercifulB)impartialC)conscientiousD)conspicuous52.Theeducation________forthecomingyearisabout$4billion,whichismuchmorethanwhatpeopleexpected.A)allowanceB)reservationC)budgetD)finance53.Theyhadfierce________astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationshipwhichwasbrokenyearago.A)debateB)clashC)disagreementD)context54.Theytossedyourthoughtsbackandforthforoveranhour,butstillcouldnotmake________ofthem.A)impressionB)comprehensionC)meaningD)sense55.Thepoliticiansayshewill________thewelfareofthepeople.A)preyonB)takeonC)getatD)seeto56.Ifyou________thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.A)takeoffB)keepoffC)getoffD)setoff57.Hewas________tostealthemoneywhenhesawitlyingonthetable.A)draggedB)temptedC)elicitedD)attracted58.Beijingsomewhatshortsighted,shehadthehabitof________atpeople.A)glancingB)peeringC)gazingD)scanningn59.Ofthethousandsofknownvolcanoesintheworld,the________majorityareinactive.A)tremendousB)demandingC)intensiveD)overwhelming60.Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe________concernofstategovernments.A)extinctB)excludingC)excessiveD)exclusive61.ThepoetryofEzraPoundissometimesdifficulttounderstandbecauseitcontainssomany________references.A)obscureB)acuteC)notableD)objective62.Themayorwasaskedto________hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraisequestions.A)constrainB)conductC)condenseD)converge63.Themorningnewssaysaschoolbus________withatrainatthejunctionandagroupofpolicemenweresentthereimmediately.A)bumpedB)collidedC)crashedD)struck64.Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall________sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.A)orratherB)ratherthanC)butratherD)otherthan65.Wearewritingtothemanager________therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.A)withtheexceptionofB)withthepurposeofC)withreferencetoD)withaviewto66.WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she________thedoor.A)sawmeatB)setmeoffC)sentmetoD)showedmeto67.Inthemeantime,thequestionfacingbusinessiswhethersuchresearchis________thecosts.A)worthB)worthofnC)worthyD)worthwhile68.Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBatistehaswonthe________ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.A)enjoymentB)appreciationC)evaluationD)reputation69.Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen________,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.A)spontaneouslyB)simultaneouslyC)homogeneouslyD)instantaneously70.Heisholdinga________positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.A)subordinateB)succeedingC)successiveD)subsequentPartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.JoeTemplershouldhaveknownbetter:afterall,heworksforalargeautoinsurancecompany.Itwon’thurttoleavethekeyinthetruckthisonce,hethought,ashefilledhisgastankataselfservicegasstation.Butmomentslatterashewaspayingthemoneyhesawthetruckbeingdrivenaway.In1987,1.6millionmotorvehicleswerestolenintheUnitedStates-oneevery20seconds.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,expertspredictannualvehicletheftscouldexceedtwomillionbytheendofthedecade.Vehicletheftisacommonphenomenon,whichhasadirectimpactonoverfourmillionvictimsayear.Thecostisastonishing.Manypoliceofficialsblameprofessionalthievesforthehighvolumeofthefts.Itisamajormoneymakerfororganizedcrime.Typically,stolencarsaretakentopiecesandthepartssoldtoindividuals.Butasmanyas200,000carsaresmuggledoutofthecountryeveryyear.MostgotoLatinAmerica,theMiddleEastandEurope.Onlyabout15percentcartheftsresultinanarrest,becausefewpolicedepartmentsroutinelyconductindepthautoinvestigations.Whenthievesarearrested,judgeswilloftensentencethemtoprobation(缓刑),notimmediatelyputtheminprisonbecausetheprisonsareovercrowdedwithviolentcriminals.OneexceptionisaMichiganprogramthatassigns92policeofficerstoworkfulltimeonthestate’s65,000cartheftcasesayear.Since1986,whentheeffortbegan,thestate’sautotheftratehasfallenfromsecondinthenationtoninth.Howcanyouprotectyourcar?Ifyouliveinahightheftareaordriveanexpensivemodel,considerasecuritysystem.Itmaycostanywherefrom$25to$1,000.Somesystemsengageautomaticallysimplyremovingthekeydisablesthefuelpumpandthestarter.Whencarsareequippedwithsuchsystems,theftsmaydropbyonethird.Insomestates,youmaybeabletouseadevicethattransmitsradiosignals,allowingstolencarstobetrackedbypolice.Questions:71.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?________________________________________________________________.72.WhatdoestheauthorthinkJoeTemplershouldbeblamedfor?________________________________________________________________.73.HowseriousdidtheauthorpredicttheannualvehicletheftcouldintheUnitedStatesin1989?n________________________________________________________________.74.Whatarethetwowaysthievessellthestolencars?________________________________________________________________.75.Whattypeofsecuritysystemcanhelpthepolicetrackdownastolencar?________________________________________________________________.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHasteMakesWaste.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.为什么说“欲速则不达”。2.试举例说明。1997年1月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.A7.D8.A9.B10.C11.B12.C13.C14.D15.D16.A17.A18.D19.C20.BPartIIReadingComprehension21.C22.A23.D24.C25.C26.D27.D28.C29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.D35.A36.B37.A38.C39.B40.BPartIIIVocabularyStructure41.B42.C43.B44.D45.C46.D47.A48.D49.B50.D51.A52.C53.A54.D55.D56.B57.B58.C59.D60.D61.A62.C63.B64.C65.C66.D67.A68.B69.A70.APartIVShortAnswerQuestions71.VehicletheftandsecuritysysteminU.S.72.Havinglefthiskeyinthetruck.73.Over2millionvehicleswillbestolen.74.Sellingbypartsandsmugglingintoothercountries.75.Thetypetransmittingradiosignals.1997年1月六级听力原文n1.W:Frank,we’vegotaproblem.Wedon’thaveenoughmoneytopaytherentthismonth.IthinkI’dbetteraskMonandDadforaloan,oraskmybossforaraise.M:Well,Idon’tknow.ButmaybeI’dbetternottakeanotherEnglishcoursethissemester.Q:What’stheproblemtheyaretalkingabout?2.M:MayItakethisbookout?IneeditworkonmypaperforDr.Smith’shistoryclass.W:I’mafraidnot.ThebookhasbeenputonreservebyDr.Smith.Unlessyouhavehiswrittenpermission,wewon’tlenditout.Q:Whatshouldthemandotoborrowthebook?3.M:I’llhavetheseshoes.PleasetellmehowmuchIoweyou.W:Theyare40dollarsapair,and3pairsmakeatotalof120dollars.Buttodayweoffera10%discount.Q:Howmuchdoesthemanhavetopay?4.W:Bytheway,didyouhearthatJackfailedthemid-termEnglishexam?It’stoobadbecauseit’lldisqualifyhimfornextyear’sscholarship.M:Hedeservedit.He’sneverreallystudiedsincelastsemester.Q:HowdoesthemanfeelaboutJack’sfailingtheexam?5.W:Doyouletpeopleknowwhenyouaretakingpicturesofthem.M:Itrynotto.Idon’tlikepicturesofpeoplewhoposeforthecamera.Ilikepeoplewhoaregoingabouttheirdailybusinesswithoutbeingawareofthecamera.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?6.M:It’sniceandquiethere,awayfromthedustandnoiseofcity.Andourapartmentsarenewandwell-furnished.W:It’sagoodplaceexceptitisabitfarfromtheplacewherewework.Anyway,I’lltalkwithmyhusbandtonightandgiveyouacalltomorrow.Q:Whatisthewomandoing?7.M:Fridayisapublicholiday.ShallwespendourweekendinNewYork?WecouldleaveThursdaynight.W:I’drathergoonFriday.MyunclewilldropinonThursdayevening.Ihaven’tmethimforseveralyears,youknow.Q:whycan’tthewomengoonThursday?8.W:Mr.Wilson,yousaidyousawthebuscrashintothetruck.Doyouknowwhatcausedtheaccident?M:Isawaboyridinghisbicycleinthestreet.Thebusdrivertriedtoavoidbitinghim.Hemadeasuddenturnandlostcontrolthebus.Q:Whatcausedthebusdrivertolosscontrolofthebus?9.M:Thisisridiculous!I’vebeenwaitingformymealformorethanhalfanhour.W:Iknow.Butyousee,therestaurantisfullandweareshort-handedtoday.Q:Howdoesthemanfeel?10.M:Yes,Mrs.Smith.WhatcanIdoforyou?Isittherefrigeratoragain?W:No,itistheoventhistime.Ithinksomethingiswrongwiththetemperaturecontrol.WhateverItrytocookgetsburned.Q:Whydoesthewomancalltheman?PassageOneWiltChamberlainisretirednow,hutusedtobeafamousbasketballplayer.Hehasset65differentrecords,andstillholdsmanyofthem.Duringthefinalyearsofhiscareer,hedrewalargesalaryandbecameverywealthy.Heevenbuilthimselfa1.5milliondollarhouse.Yet,despitehispersonalsuccess,heledhistermtoonlyonechampionship.Histeamsoftenwonenoughgamestoqualifyforthefinalrounds,buttheyalmostalwayslostinthefinals.Asaresult,Wiltbecamedeterminedtowinonemorechampionshipbeforeheretired.In1972,whileWiltwasplayingagainstaNewYorkteam,hefelldownandhithiswristonthefloor.Hefeltthepainnimmediatelyandknewthathehadhurthimselfbadly.WhenadoctorexaminedWilt,thedoctorconfirmedWilt’sfears.ThedoctortoldWiltthathehadbrokenaboneinthewristandthathecouldnotpayanymore.Wiltignoredhisdoctor’sadvice.Thenextnight,withhismanyfanswatchinginamazement,henotonlyplayedtheentiregamebuthewasoutstanding.Histeamwonthegameandthechampionship.Wilthadhiswish—tobeawinneronelasttime.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhywasWiltChamberlainconsideredafamousbasketballplayer?12.WhathappenedtoWiltChamberlainin1972?13.WhywasWiltChamberlaindeterminedtodobeforeheretired?PassageTwoMoviesarethemostpopularformofentertainmentformillionsofAmericans.Theygotothemoviestoescapetheirnormaleverydayexistenceandtoexperiencealifemoreexcitingthantheirown.Theymaychoosetoseeaparticularfilmbecausetheyliketheactororbecausethey’veheardthefilmhasagoodstory.Butthemainreasonwhypeoplegotothemoviesistoescape.Sittinginadarktheatre,watchingtheimagesonthescreen,theyenteredanotherworldthatisveryrealtothem.Theybecomeinvolvedinthelivesofthecharactersinthemovie,andfortwohours,theyforgetallabouttheirownproblems.Theyareinadreamworldwherethingsoftenappeartobemoreromanticandbeautifulthaninreallife.Thebiggest“dreamfactories”areinHollywood,thecapitaloffilmindustry.Eachyear,Hollywoodstudiosmakehundredsofmoviesthatareshownallovertheworld.Americanmoviesarepopularbecausetheytellinterestingstoriesandtheyarewell—made.Theyprovidethepublicwithheroeswhodothingstheaveragepersonwouldliketodobutoftencan’t.Peoplehavetocopewithmanyproblemsandfrustrationsintheirlife,sotheyfeelencouragedwhentheysee“thegoodguys”wininthemovies.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.What’sthemainreasonfortheAmericanstogotothemovies?15.Howdopeopleusuallyrespondwhentheyarewatchingmovies?16.WhyareAmericansmoviessopopular?PassageThreeArecentfilm“TheGodsMustBeCrazy”describedthesocialchangethatcanresultinasocietyfromtheintroductionofasingleitemfromtheoutsideworld.WhileapilotwasflinginalightplaneoveraremotedesertinSouthAfrica,hefinishedthesodahewasdrinkingandthrewthebottleoutofthewindow.ItfelltothegroundinanareawhereanAfricantribelived.Thepeopletherehadalmostnopossessionorsenseofprivateproperty.Nooneinthissmall,remotesocietyhadseenasodabottlebefore.And,becauseitcamefromthesky,theybelievedthatitmustbeauniquegiftfromthegods.Whenthebottlewasfirstfound,itwassomethingnewandpeopleofallagesenjoyedadmiringit,playingwithit,andthinkingaboutitspurpose.Itwasnotlong,however,beforeargumentsandconflictsaroseamonggroupmembersaboutwhowouldpossessthebottleandforwhatpurpose.Theyharmonyofthispeacefulsocietywasdisturbedbytheintroductionofanewitemoftechnology.And,asitwastoldinthefilm,tiesofaffectionwerebroken,andpeople’strustineachotherdisappeared.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.Whydidthepilotthrowthesodabottleoutofhisplanewindow?18.Whatdidthelocalpeoplethinkthesodabottlewas?19.Whatisthemainideaofthestory?20.Whatdoweknowaboutthelocalpeopleinthestory?1997年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷nPartIListeningcomprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA)，B)，C),andD)anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)OnThursdaynight.B)OnMondaynight.C)OnFridaymorning.D)OnThursdaymorning2.A)Trytohelphimfindroomsinanotherhotel.B)Checktoseeifthereareanyvacanciesinherhotel.C)Lethimmovetoaroomwithtwosinglebeds.D)ShowhimthewaytoImperialHotel.3.A)Robust.B)Brave.C)Generous.D)Dangerous.4.A)Heloveshispresentjob.B)Heisgoingtoopenastore.C)Heisabouttoretire.D)Heworksinarepairshop.5.A)Shehasconfidenceinhim.B)Shehasalsowonascholarship.C)Sheissurprisedatthenews.D)Sheisnotinterestedinthenews.6.A)Hisonlysonisdying.B)Hismotherdiedsometimeago.C)Hedidn’tlikeafterhissickwife.D)Hehasn’ttakengoodcareofhisson.7.A)Attheairport.B)Inatravelagency.C)Inahotel.nD)Atthereceptiondesk.8.A)Heisnotequaltothejob.B)Heisnotwellpaidforhiswork.C)Hedoesn’tthinkthejobischallengingenough.D)Hecannotkeephismindonhiswork.9.A)Thetalkshaven’tstartedyet.B)Thetalkshaven’tachievedmuch.C)Thetalkshaveproducedageneralagreement.D)Thetalksbrokedownandcouldgotofurther.10.A)Helphimtocarrysomeluggage.B)Getsometravelinformation.C)Tellhimthewaytotheleftluggageoffice.D)Lookaftersomethingforhim.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Crowdedairtraffic.B)Thelargesizeofairplanes.C)Mistakesbyairtrafficcontrollers.D)Badweather.12.A)Theybumpedintoeachotheroveraswimmingpool.B)Theyavoidedeachotherbyturningindifferentdirections.C)Theynarrowlyescapedcrashingintoeachother.D)Oneplaneclimbedabovetheotheratthecriticalmoment.13.A)Toshowthekeyroleplayedbyairtrafficcontrollers.B)Toshowthegreatresponsibilityshoulderedbythepilots.C)Togiveanexampleofairdisasters.D)Toshowthatairtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacar.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Heruniqueexperience.B)Herfutureprospects.C)Herfavoritejob.D)Herlonelylife.15.A)Authority.B)Agoodrelationship.C)Goodluck.D)Independence.16.A)Shewillliveanemptylife.B)Shewillworkinabookstore.C)Shewillremainsingle.nD)Shewillearnalotofmoney.17.A)Sheshouldfindagoodjob.B)Sheshouldopenasmallrestaurant.C)Sheshouldhavemorecontroloverherlife.D)Sheshouldgetmarried.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Inday-carecenterswherelittlechildrenweretakencareof.B)InareasinChicagopoorpeoplelived.C)Inplaceswherehotlunchwasprovidedforfactoryworkers.D)Inschoolswherefreeclasseswereorganizedforyoungpeople.19.A)Foryoungpeopleandadults.B)Forimmigrants.C)Forfactoryworks.D)Forpoorcitychildren.20.A)JaneAdams’contributionstosociety.B)JaneAdams’struggleforwomen’sliberation.C)JaneAdams’lifestory.D)JaneAdams’responsibilityforthepoor.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowingbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements-ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarktheandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpusstartedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhim,Mrs.Hart,andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineofnetweightfrom12to10.5ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelvebiscuits,buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,theSenatorrightlycomplainedofastore-boughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almostasmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie.Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4-ounce,8-ounce,one-pound,two-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cakemixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstoreandsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthatallpossiblesizeandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametimeand,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationinintroducinganewsize,andshapeofboxorbottlewhenitaidsinproductdifferentiation.Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct’smarketposition.Whenapackagingexpertexplainedthathewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby2.5,from1dollarto2.50dollarsbychangingtoafancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-ouncebottlelookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewasineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbeaveryexpensiveluxury.Itevidentlydoescomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout200dollarsayearforbottles,cans,boxes,jarsandothercontainers,mostofwhichcan’tbeusedanythingbutstuffingthegarbagecan.21.WhatstartedthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpus?A)Consumers’complaintsaboutthechangesinthepackagesize.nB)Expensivepackagingforpoorqualityproducts.C)Asenator’sdiscoveryofthetricksinpackaging.D)Theriseintheunitpriceformanyproducts.22.Theword“undue”(Para.2)means“________”.A)improperB)adequateC)unexpectedD)excessive23.Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinthepackagesize,mainlybecause________.A)theyhatetoseeanychangesinthingstheyarefamiliarwithB)theyunitpriceforaproductoftenrisesasaresultC)theyhavetopayforthecostofchangingpackagesizesD)thisentailsanincreaseinthecostofpackaging24.Accordingtothispassage,varioustypesofpackagingcomeintoexistenceto________.A)meettheneedsofconsumersB)suitallkindsofproductsC)enhancethemarketpositionofproductsD)introducenewproducts25.Theauthoriscriticalmainlyof________.A)dishonestpackagingB)inferiorpackagingC)thechangesinpackagesizeD)exaggeratedillustrationsonpackagesQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirminUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystaffthenprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthattowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.26.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?A)Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.B)Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.C)Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.D)Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.27.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?A)Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinfirms.B)Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.C)Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.D)Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.28.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto________.A)workerswhocanoperatenewequipmentB)technologicalandmanagerialstaffC)workerswholackbasicbackgroundskillsD)topexecutives29.Accordingtothepassages,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis________.A)theintroductionofnewtechnologiesB)theimprovementofworker’sbasicskillsC)therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployeesD)theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.B)Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.C)Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.D)Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul-thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography-notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterisationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesensenintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.31.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho________.A)knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhimB)isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywritingC)isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivityD)possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject32.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat________.A)thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreadersB)biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’livesC)thebestbiographiesaretheofheroesandfamousfiguresD)biographiescanservedifferentpurpose33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?A)Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.B)Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.C)Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.D)Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.34.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause________.A)itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividlyB)itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelifeC)itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsidersD)itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter35.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson________.A)thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjobB)thesecretofabiographertowinmorereadersC)thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiographyD)thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographiesQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.”TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakeratthe`precisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofnconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.36.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare________.A)ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideasB)somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworldC)ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinterestingD)somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate37.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson________.A)whosefrontviewisfullyperceivedB)whosefaceiscoveredwithamaskC)whosefaceisseenfromthesideD)whosefaceisfreeofanycovering38.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause________.A)theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeakerB)theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontactC)theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontactD)theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood39.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto________.A)onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheotherB)eyecontactofmorethanonesecondC)improperly-timedceasingofeyecontactD)constantadjustmentofeyecontact40.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants________.A)nottoweardarkspectaclesB)nottomakeanyinterruptionsC)nottoglanceawayfromeachotherD)nottomakeunpredictablepausesPartIIIVocabularyandStructureDirections:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispert.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.By________computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimathousanddollars.A)coarseB)rudeC)crudeD)rough42.Yourstoryaboutthefrogturningintoaprinceis________nonsense.A)sheerB)shearC)shieldD)sheet43.Icouldseethatmywifewas________havingthatfurcoat,whetherIapprovedofitornot.A)adequateforB)intentonC)shortofnD)deficientin44.The________runnercanrun2milesinfifteenminutes.A)commonB)usualC)averageD)general45.Oneofhiseyeswasinjuredinanaccident,butafteraoperation,hequicklyrecoveredhissight.A)delicateB)considerateC)preciseD)sensitive46.Asanexcellentshooter,Peterpractisedaimingatboth________targetsandmovingtargets.A)standingB)stationaryC)stillD)stable47.InAmericanuniversities,classesareoftenarrangedinmoreflexible________andmanyjobsoncampusarereservedforstudents.A)scalesB)patternsC)gradesD)ranks48.Theinsurancecompanypaidhim$10,000in________afterhisaccident.A)compensationB)installmentC)substitutionD)commission49.Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya________.A)threadB)cordC)stringD)rope50.Thestatuewouldbeperfectbutforafewsmall________initsbe.A)mistakesB)weaknessesc)flawsD)errors51.Whyshouldanyonewanttoread________ofbooksbygreatauthorswhentherealpleasurecomesfromreadingtheoriginals.A)themesB)insightsC)digestsD)leaflets52.Parentshavealegal________toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.A)impulsenB)influenceC)obligationD)sympathy53.Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina________.A)scarcityB)minorityC)minimumD)shortage54.Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto________farming.A)goinforB)gobackonC)gothroughwithD)goalongwith55.JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI________.A)puthimthroughB)turnedhimoutC)gavehimupD)cuthimshort56.IamsureIcan________himintolettingusstayinthehotelforthenight.A)speakB)sayC)talkD)tell57.Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagohassharply________.A)declinedB)lessenedC)descendedD)slipped58.Therepublicationofthepet’smostrecentworkswillcertainly________hisnationalreputation.A)magnifyB)strengthenC)enlargeD)enhance59.Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren________aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.A)modifyingB)duplicatingC)acceleratingD)stimulating60.Thiskindofmaterialcan________heatandmoisture.A)deleteB)`compelC)constrainD)repel61.Reading________themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge;itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.nA)rectifiesB)prolongsC)minimizesD)furnishes62.Ifthefirealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto________inthecourtyard.A)assembleB)convergeC)crowdD)accumulate63.Theworkintheofficewas________byaconstantstreamofvisitors.A)confusedB)hamperedC)reverendD)perplexed64.Thejoysoftravel,havinglong________thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.A)omittedB)missedC)neglectedD)discarded65.Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,________thesamecompany.A)allelseB)muchworseC)lesslikelyD)letalone66.Whenhefinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,Johnwas________pale.A)enormouslyB)startlinglyC)uniquelyD)dramatically67.Thankyouforapplyingforapositionwithourfirm.Wedonothaveanyopeningsatthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationon________fortwomonths.A)pileB)segmentC)sequenceD)file68.Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;virtuallyallfinancial________willbeconductedbycomputer.A)transactionsB)transmissionsC)transitionsD)transformations69.Theofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.A)implementationnB)manifestationC)demonstrationD)expedition70.ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincrease,awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.A)manipulationB)reproductionC)circulationD)penetrationPartIVshortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsisthefewestpossibleword.IonceknewadognamedNewtonwhohadauniquesenseofhumour.WheneverItossedoutaFrisbeeforhimtochase,he’dtakeoffinhotpursuitbutthenseemtolosetrackofit.Movingbackandforthonlyayardoftwofromthetoy,Newtonwouldlookallaround,evenupintothetrees.Heseemedgenuinelypuzzled.Finally,I’dgiveupandheadintothefieldtohelphimout.ButnosoonerwouldIgetwithin10ft.OfhimthanhewouldruninvariablystraightovertotheFrisbee,grabitandstartrunninglikemad,lookingoverhisshoulderwithwhatlookedsuspiciouslylikeagrin.Justabouteverypetownerhasastorylikethisandiseagertoshareitwithanyonewhowilllisten.Onveryshortnotice,TIMEreporterscamupwith25storiesaboutwhateachisconvincedisthesmartestpetintheworld.Amongthem:thecatwhoclosesthedoorbehindhimwhenhegoesintothebathroom;thecatwhousesatoiletinsteadofalitterbox...andflushesitafterward;thedogwhogoeswildwhenheseeshisownerputtingonbluejeansinsteadofadressbecausejeansmeanitistimetoplay;andthecatwhousedtowaitpatientlyatthebusstopeverydayforalittlegirl,thenwalkherthesixblockshome.Andsoon.Thesebehavioursarecertainlyclever,butwhatdotheymean?WasNewtonreallydeceiving?Canacatreallydesireprivacyinthetoilet?Inshort,dohouseholdpetsreallyhaveamentalandemotionallife?Theirownersthinkso,butuntilrecently,animal-behaviourexportswouldhavegonemadonhearingsuchaquestion.Theworstsinintheworstsinintheirmoralvocabularywasanthropomorphism,projectinghumantraitsontoanimals.Adogoracatmightbehaveasifitwereangry,lonely,sad,happyorconfused,butthatwasonlyintheeyeoftheviewer.Whatwasgoingon,theyinsistedwasthatthedogorcathadbeenconditioned,throughaperhapsunintentionalseriesofpunishmentsandrewards,thebehavecertainway.Thebehaviourwasamechanicalresultofthetraining.71.WhatdidNewtonseempuzzledabout?72.WhydoestheauthorsayNewtonhaduniquesenseofhumour?73.WhatmadeitpossiblefortheTIMEreporterstocomeupwithsomanyinterestingstoriesaboutpets?74.Whatbeliefaboutpetbehaviourwasunacceptabletoexpertsofanimalbehaviour?75.Whatistheexplanationofanimal-behaviourexpertsforthe“clever”behaviourofpets?PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonJob-Hopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldabaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作,因为…2.有些人喜欢经常更换工作,因为…3.我的看法MyViewonJob-Hoppingn1997年6月六级参考答案PartI1.A2.A3.B4.C5.A6.D7.B8.C9.B10.D11.C12.C13.A14.B15.D16.D17.D18.B19.D20.APartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)21.C22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A36.A37.C38.D39.C40.APartIIIVocabularyandStructure41.D42.A43.B44.C45.A46.C47.B48.A49.A50.C51.C52.C53.B54.A55.D56.C57.A58.D59.B60.D61.D62.A63.B64.C65.D66.B67.D68.A69.B70.CPartIVShortAnswerQuestion71.NotknowingtheFrisbee’strack.72.BecauseNewtonintendedtodeceivehim.73.Thattheownerswantotherstosharetheirstories.74.Thatanimalshaveamentalandemotionallife.75.Mechanicalresultoftraining.1997年6月六级听力原文1.W:Goodmorning.I’mheretoseeMr.Adison.M:Mr.AdisonwenttoWashingtonlastMondayforaconferenceandhewillbebackonThursdaynight.Ifyoulike,youmaycomeagainonFridaymorning?Q:WhenwillMr.Adisonreturn?2.M:Iwonderwhetheritwouldbepossibletochangethisdoubleroomtotwosinglerooms.W:Sorry,sir.Allthesingleroomsareoccupied.Butifyoulike,IcancheckwithImperialHoteltoseeiftheyhaveany.Q:What’sthewomangoingtodofortheman?3.M:Billwasagreatguy.Hewasdrownedwhilerescuingachildfromtheicywateroftheriveryesterday.W:Well,asfarasIknow,thatwasnotthefirstdangeroussituationhewasin.Q:WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBill?n4.W:It’sgoodtoseeyouagain.Whatareyoudoingthesedays?You’restillworkingatthesameplace,aren’tyou?M:Yes,Iam.AndI’mcountingthedaysuntilretirement?Q:Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?5.M:Susan,haveyoureadthenoticeonthebulletinboard?I’vewonthescholarshipforthenextsemester.W:Iknowyouwould.Youcertainlydeserveit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?6.M:WhatkindoffatheramI?MyonlysonalmostdiedandIdidn’tevenknowhewasill.W:Don’tblameyourself.Youaretoobusytopayattentiontohim.Ifhismotherwerestillalive,thingswouldhavebeenmuchbetter.Q:Whydoesthemanblamehimself?7.M:I’vejustgotbackfromtheholidayyouarrangedforme.ButImusttellyouthehotelwasreallyawful.Itwasmilesfromthesea.Thefoodwasawfultoo.Thebedroomwasdirty.W:Sorryaboutthat.Butit’snotreallyourfault.Thecontractdoessaythatthehotelaccommodationisnotourresponsibility.Q:Whereisthisconversationprobablytakingplace?8.W:Supposethecompanyofferyouapayraiseof50%,wouldyoubesodeterminedtoleaveandlookforajobaswell?M:Yes,I’vesetmyminddownonit.I’dliketofindajobwithfullscopetoshowmyability.Q:Whyhasthemandecidedtoleavethecompany?9.M:Howaretheirtalksgoingon?Havereachedanyagreement?W:Theyonlyseemtohaveagreedtosetanotherdateforfurthertalks.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?10.M:Excuseme,Madame,couldIleavethishereforafewhours,please?W:Well,it’sabit-er-unusual,isn’tit?Whynotgototheleft-luggageofficeoverthere?Q:Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?PassageOneToday,airtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacaronabusymotorway.Butthereisthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.Fromthemomenttheairplanetakesofftothemomentitlands,everymovementiswatchedonradarscreens.Airtrafficcontrollerstellthepilotexactlywhentoturn,whentoclimbandwhentocomedown.Theairtrafficcontrollersaroundthebusyairportmayhandle1,000planesaday.Anyplanethatfliesneartheairportcomesundertheordersofthecontrollersthere.Evenasmallmistakeontheirpartcouldcauseadisaster.Recently,suchadisasteralmosthappened.Twolargejetswereflyingtowardstheairport.Onewascarrying69passengersandhadcomefromToronto;theotherwascarrying176passengersfromChicago.Anairtrafficcontrollernoticedonhisradarscreenthatthetwoplanesweretooclosetoeachother.Heorderedonetoturntotherighttoclimb,buthemadeamistake.Heorderedthewrongplanetodothis,so,insteadofturningawayfromthesecondplane.Thefirstplaneturnedtowardsit.15secondslater,itflewdirectlyinfrontofthesecondplane.Theyavoidedeachotherbythesmallestpartofasecond.Thedistancebetweenthemwaslessthanthatofalargeswimmingpool.Thisisanexampleofthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.Whichfactorcanmostseriouslyendangerairplanesaccordingtothispassage?12.Whathappenedtothetwolargejets?13.Whywerethetwolargejetsspeciallymentioned?PassageTwoI’llstillbeworking,butthingswouldbedifferent.Withanyluck,I’llearnmoremoney.Butthemostimportantthingnwillbethejobitselfandhowinterestingitis.Imean,IhopeI’llbeabletochoosethekindofjobIdoandwhoIworkfor.Ofcourse,IliketohavemoremoneyandmoreauthoritythatIhavenow.ButIdon’tthinktheyaretheonlythinginlife.WhatIreallywantistobemoreindependentthanIamnow,tohavemorecontrolovermyownlife,perhapstoopenasmallrestaurant,orwriteabook,orsomethinglikethat.IamnotreallysureifI’lleverhavechildrenorevenifIwanttobemarried.Italldepends,ofcourse.IfImeettherightpersonanythingcouldhappen.ButIwon’tfeelthatmylifeisemptyandmeaninglessifIstilllivealonefor10yearsoreven20yearsfromnow.Notatall.Mymotherwasalwayssaying“Thereisnothinglikeagoodrelationship“.ButIamnotsosure.Thereisnothingworsethanareallybadoneeither.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?15.Whatdoesthespeakerwantmost?16.Whatwillthespeakermostprobablydointhefuture?17.Whatisthespeaker’smotheralwayssuggestingtoher?PassageThreeJaneAdamscamefromawell-to-doandculturalfamily.ShewassodistressedaboutthemiseryofpoorpeoplethatsheleftherfinehometospendherlifeintheslumsofChicago.In1889,sheestablishedasettlementhousewheresheinitiatedmanyprojectssuchashotlunchserviceforfactoryworkers,daycarecentersforlittlechildren,freeclassesforyoungpeopleandadults,gymnasiumandartgallery.Immigrantsandotherpoorpeoplecametohersettlementhouseforadviceandhelp,aswellasforfun.JaneAdamswasalsoactiveinfightingagainsttheuseofchildlaborandagainstwar.Sheworkedforwoman’srighttovoteandforimprovingthesituationoftheblacks.Sheinitiatedcountryvocationprogramsforpoorcitychildren.JaneAdamshadgreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentofsocialworkintheUnitedStatesandinotherpartsoftheworld.Shepromotedtheideaofresponsibilityforthewelfareofthepoor.Settlementhousesofasimilarkindwerefoundedinmanypoorneighborhoodtomakethelivesofthepoormoremeaningful.In1931,JaneAdamswasawardedtheNobelPrizeforwhatshehaddoneforsociety.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.WheredidJaneAdamsspendherlifeaftersheleftherhome?19.ForwhomdidJaneAdamsstartthecountryvocationprograms?20.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?1998年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA)，B)，C),andD)anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.nFromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Swimming.B)Playingtennis.C)Boating.D)Playingtabletennis.2.A)SheisgoingtoFinland.B)Shehasvisitorsnextweek.C)Shehasguestsatherhome.D)Shehasjustvisitedhimthisweek.3.A)Getsomecoinsatthecafe.B)Buyheracupofcoffeeatthecafe.C)Getsomecoffeefromthemachine.D)Trytofixthemachine.4.A)Theyspentthreehundreddollarsontheirvacation.B)Theydrewmoneythantheyshouldhavefromthebank.C)Theylosttheirbankbook.D)Theyhadonlythreehundreddollarsinthebank.5.A)Tofindoutherpositioninthecompany.B)Toapplyforajob.C)Toofferherapositioninthecompany.D)Tomakeanappointmentwiththesalesmanager.6.A)Heissurprised.B)Hefeelsveryhappy.C)Heisindifferent.D)Hefeelsveryangry.7.A)Hehasn’tcleanedhisroomsinceLindavisitedhim.B)Lindaistheonlypersonwhoevercomestoseehim.C)He’sbeentoobusytocleanhisroom.D)Cleaningisthelastthinghewantstodo.8.A)Sheisagenerouswomanbynature.B)Itdoesn’thaveabackcover.C)Shefeelstheman’sapologyisenough.D)Itisnolongerofanyusetoher.9.A)Toremindhimofthedataheshouldtaketotheconference.B)Toseeifheisreadyforthecomingconference.C)Totellhimsomethingabouttheconference.D)Tohelphimpreparefortheconference.10.A)Thelongwait.B)Thebrokendowncomputer.C)Themistakesinhertelephonebill.D)Thebadtelephoneservice.SectionBnDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)About45million.B)About50million.C)About5.4million.D)About4.5million.12.A)Theactorsandactressesarenotpaidfortheirperformance.B)Theactorsandactressesonlyperformintheirowncommunities.C)Theyexistonlyinsmallcommunities.D)Theyonlyputonshowsthatareeducational.13.A)Itprovidesthemwiththeopportunitytowatchperformancesforfree.B)Itprovidesthemwiththeopportunitytomakefriends.C)Itgivesthemthechancetodosomethingcreative.D)Itgivesthemachancetoenjoymodernart.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theyareusuallymoreclever.B)Theygettiredeasily.C)Theyaremorelikelytomakeminormentalerrors.D)Theyaremoreskillfulinhandlingequipment.15.A)Ithaditslimitations.B)Itsresultswereregardedasfinal.C)Itwassupportedbythegovernment.D)Itwasnotsoundtheoretically.16.A)Theirlackofconcentrationresultingfrommentalstress.B)Thelackofconsiderationfortheminequipmentdesign.C)Theprobabilityoftheirgettingexcitedeasily.D)Theirslownessinresponding.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)18Americanundergraduates.B)18Americanpostgraduates.C)18overseasundergraduates.D)18overseaspostgraduates.18.A)Familyrelations.B)socialproblemsC)Familyplanning.D)Personalmatters.19.A)Red.B)Blue.C)Green.nD)Purple.20.A)Thefivequestionswerenotwelldesigned.B)Notallthequestionnaireswerereturned.C)Onlyasmallnumberofstudentsweresurveyed.D)Someoftheanswerstothequestionnairewerenotvalid.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C),andD).youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskindeep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnotsobeautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.UnAmerican,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties(虔诚)whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers-apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaveragelookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire(追求)tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.21.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager________.A)aperson’spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuchB)aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualificationC)womenshouldalwaysdressfashionablyD)womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohighminded22.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat________.A)peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbestB)womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwellC)goodlookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositionsD)attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot23.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes________.A)theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskindeepB)theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupportnC)theygiveordinarylookingpersonsthelowestratingsD)theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual’saccomplishments24.“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen”(Line1,Para.5)meansthat________.A)attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobsB)goodlookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverythingC)beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomenD)attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld________.A)handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenareB)physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewellC)physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewellD)goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformenQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Notcontentwithitsdoubtfulclaimtoproducecheapfoodforourownpopulation,thefactoryfarmingindustryalsoarguesthat“hungrynationsarebenefitingfromadvancesmadebythepoultry(家禽)industry”.Infact,ratherthanhelpingthefightagainstmalnutrition(营养不良)in“hungrynations,”thespreadoffactoryfarminghas,inevitablyaggravatedtheproblem.Largescaleintensivemeatandpoultryproductionisawasteoffoodresources.Thisisbecausemoreproteinhastobefedtoanimalsintheformofvegetablematterthancaneverberecoveredintheformofmeat.Muchofthefoodvalueislostintheanimal’sprocessofdigestionandcellreplacement.Neither,inthecaseofchicken,canoneeatfeathers,blood,feetorhead.Inall,onlyabout44%oftheliveanimalfitstobeeatenasmeat.Thismeansonehastofeedapproximately9—10timesasmuchfoodvaluetotheanimalthanonecanconsumefromthecarcass.Asasystemforfeedingthehungry,theeffectscanprovedisastrous.Attimesofcrisis,grainisthefoodoflife.Nevertheless,thehugeincreaseinpoultryproductionthroughoutAsiaandAfricacontinues.NormallyBritishorUSfirmsareinvolved.Forinstance,anAmericanbasedmultinationalcompanyhasthisyearannounceditsinvolvementinprojectsinseveralAfricancountries.Britain’slargestsupplierschickens,RossBreeders,arealsoinvolvedinprojectsallovertheworld.Becausesuchtradeisgoodforexports,Westerngovernmentsencourageit.In1979,afirminBangladeshcalledPhoenixPoultryreceivedagranttosetupaunitof6,000chickensand18,000layinghens.Thisalmostdoubledthenumberofpoultrykeptinthecountryallatonce.ButBangladeshlackscapital,energyandfoodandhaslargenumbersofunemployed.Suchchickenraisingdemandscapitalforbuildingandmachinery,extensiveuseofenergyresourcesforautomation,andinvolvesfeedingchickenswithpotentialfaminereliefproteinfood.Atpresent,oneofBangladesh’smainimportsisfoodgrains,becausethecountryisunabletogrowenoughfoodtofeeditspopulation.Onwhatthencantheypossiblyfeedthechicken?26.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat________.A)efficiencymustberaisedinthepoultryindustryB)raisingpoultrycanprovidemoreproteinthangrowinggrainC)factoryfarmingwilldomoreharmthangoodtodevelopingcountriesD)hungrynationsmaybenefitfromthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustry27.Accordingtotheauthor,infactory,vegetablefood________.A)iseasyforchickenstodigestB)isinsufficientfortheneedsofpoultryC)isfullyutilisedinmeatandeggproductionnD)isinefficientlyconvertedintomeatandeggs28.WesterngovernmentsencouragethepoultryindustryinAsiabecausetheyregarditasaneffectivewayto________.A)boosttheirownexportsB)alleviatemalnutritioninAsiancountriesC)createjobopportunitiesinAsiancountriesD)promotetheexportsofAsiancountries29.Theword“carcass”(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“________”.A)vegetablespreservedforfutureuseB)thedeadbodyofananimalreadytobecutintomeatC)expensivefoodthatconsumerscanhardlyaffordD)meatcannedforfutureconsumption30.Whatthelastparagraphtellsusistheauthor’s________.A)detailedanalysisofthewaysofraisingpoultryinBangladeshB)greatappreciationofthedevelopmentofpoultryindustryinBangladeshC)criticalviewonthedevelopmentofthepoultryindustryinBangladeshD)practicalsuggestionfortheimprovementofthepoultryindustryinBangladeshQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareothermorecauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsaliva(唾液)slows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide(硫化物).Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygenrichsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdrymouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus(粘液).Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol-asmostdo-itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.31.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“________”.A)thriveonnB)accountforC)originatefromD)descendfrom32.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?A)Toothtrouble.B)Sulfurrichfood.C)Toomuchexercise.D)Mentalstrain.33.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause________.A)itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducingB)itssmelladdstobadbreathC)itkillssomehelpfulbacteriaD)itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva34.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause________.A)theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenoughB)theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteriaC)theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworseD)theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus35.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat________.A)offensivebreathcan’teasilybecuredB)elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreathC)heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreathD)offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcoholQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“WelcometotheU.S.A.!MajorCreditcardsaccepted!”Bythemillionstheyarecomingnolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy.“Wedon’thaveabudget,”saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity’sSouthStreet.“Wejustuseourcreditcards.”TheU.S.haslongbeenoneoftheworld’smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.FirsttherewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheU.S.dollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheU.S.,stilltheworld’ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld’sbargainbasement(廉价商品部).NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailprices-anywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsia-haveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.That’supfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.True,noteveryonecomesjustforbrains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandU.S.televisionseries.ButshoppingtheU.S.A.isprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge(无节制)hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulFountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.TheU.S.hascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butisdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theU.S.needsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheU.S.staylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravellerversustheAmericans’fournightsand$298.n36.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher________.A)arereluctanttocarrycashwiththemB)simplydon’tcarehowmuchtheyspendC)arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditureD)oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford37.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat________.A)itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheU.S.B)itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheU.S.C)tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheU.S.dollarthatyearD)touristscametotheU.S.forsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear38.Bysaying“nobodyundersellsAmerica”(Line4,Para.3),theauthormeansthat________.A)noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproductsB)nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommoditiesC)nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoodsD)noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethatAmerica39.WhydoestheauthorassertthatallthingsAmericanarefascinatingtoforeigners?A)BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia.B)Becausetheyrepresenttheworld’slatestfashions.C)Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology.D)Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations.40.FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheU.S.hascometorealize________.A)theweakeningiftheU.S.dollarcanresultintradedeficitsB)thelowertheretailprices,thegreatertheprofitsC)tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomyD)visitorstotheU.S.arewealthierthanU.S.touristsabroadPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C),andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably________bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.A)preventedB)preventedC)hinderedD)refrained42.Whentrappedindriftingsands,donotstruggle,oryouwillbe________indeeper.A)absorbedB)pushedC)heavedD)sucked43.To________forhisunpleasantexperienceshedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.A)commenceB)compromiseC)compensateD)compliment44.Allvisitorsarerequestedto________withtheregulations.nA)complyB)agreeC)assistD)consent45.Thecaptain________thehorizonforapproachingships.A)scannedB)scrutinizedC)exploredD)swept46.Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill________establishedstandardsofthatculture.A)confineB)conformC)confrontD)confirm47.Althoughhewasonadiet,thefood________himenormously.A)inspiredB)temptedC)overcameD)encouraged48.Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan________tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.A)resortB)grantC)affordD)entitle49.Ifyouwantthispainkiller,you’llhavetoaskthedoctorfora________.A)receiptB)recipeC)subscriptionD)prescription50.Somefishhaveagreater________foracidwaterthanothers.A)toleranceB)resistanceC)dependenceD)persistence51.Therewasonceatowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtolivein________withitssurroundings.A)coincidenceB)harmonyC)uniformD)alliance52.Thecourtconsidersafinancial________tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.A)paymentB)obligationC)optionD)penalty53.Itistruethat________awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.nA)multiplyingB)breedingC)magnifyingD)generating54.Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnational________toagriculturethanmostothercountries.A)resourcesB)potentialC)budgetD)economy55.Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis________.A)luxuryB)accommodationC)entertainmentD)refreshment56.Somecriminalswereprinting________dollarbillsuntiltheywerearrested.A)decentB)fakeC)patentD)suspicious57.Mr.Bloomisnot________now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.A)significantB)dominantC)magnificentD)prominent58.Hisbodytemperaturehasbeen________for3days,thehighestpointreaching40.5degreecentigrade.A)uncommonB)disorderedC)abnormalD)extraordinary59.Heseemstobe________enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.A)radiantB)conscientiousC)conspicuousD)energetic60.Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarknesstheireyesaremuchmore________tolightthanarehumaneyes.A)glowingB)brilliantC)sensitiveD)gloomy61.Whilenuclearweaponspresentgrave________dangers,thepredominantcrisisofoverpopulationiswithustoday.A)inevitableB)constantC)overwhelmingD)potentialn62.Thisisthe________pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.A)trueB)originalC)realD)genuine63.Comparisonandcontrastareoftenused________inadvertisements.A)intentionallyB)pertinentlyC)incidentallyD)tiresomely64.Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimprovedstandardsandshould________newoperatingprocedures.A)resultisB)matchwithC)subjecttoD)proceedwith65.________popularbeliefthatclassicalmusicistoocomplex,itachievesasimplicitythatonlyageniuscancreate.A)SubjecttoB)ContrarytoC)FamiliartoD)Similarto66.ThebondoftrueaffectionhadpulledussixverydifferentmenfromsixverydifferentcountriesacrossAntarctica;weprovedintheendthatweweren’tverydifferent________.A)forallB)asusualC)inparticularD)afterall67.Thoughherparents________hermusicalability,Jerrilou’spianoplayingisreallyterrible.A)pourscornonB)heappraiseuponC)giveventtoD)castlightupon68.Somechildrendisplayan________curiosityabouteverynewthingtheyencounter.A)incredibleB)infectiousC)incompatibleD)inaccessible69.BruceStephengrippedthe________wheelhardasthecarbouncedupanddown.A)stirringB)drivingC)steeringD)revolving70.Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudged________howgreattheirachievementsare.A)inspiteofnB)inwaysofC)infavorofD)intermsofPartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).OnesummermywifeChrisandIwereinvitedbyfriendstorowdowntheColoradoRiverinaboat.Ourexpeditionincludedmanyhighlysuccessfulpeoplethekindwhohavestaffstotakecareoflife’sdailywork.Butinthewilderrapids,allofusnaturallysetasideanypretenses(矫饰)andputoutbacksintoeverystroketokeeptheboatfromtumblingover.Ateachnight’sencampment,weallhauledsuppliesandcleaneddishes.Afteronlytwodaysintheriver,peopleaccustomedtobeingspoiledandindulgedhadbecomeateam,workingtogethertocopewiththeunpredictabletwistsandturnsoftheriver.Ibelievethatinlifeaswellasonboattripsteamworkwillmakeallourjourneyssuccessfulones.Therhythmsofteamworkhavebeentherhythmsofmylife.Iplayedbasketballalongsidefamousplayers,andtheteamInowcoach,theNewYorkKnicks,hasrecoveredfromyearsofadversitytobecomeamajorcontenderinthe1990s.I’mpersuadedthatteamworkisthekeytomakingdreamscometrue.Weallplayonanumberofteamsinourlives-aspartofafamily,asacitizen,asamemberofanagreement,writtenorunwritten.Itcontainsthevaluesandgoalsforeveryteammember.Forexample,inthelate1970saGeneralMotorsplantinFremont,Calif,wasthesceneofconstantwarfarebetweenlaborandmanagement.Distrustransohighthatthelaborcontractwashundredsofpagesoftrickylegalterms.GMspentmillionstryingtokeepthefacilityuptodate,butproductivityandqualitywerecontinuallypoor.Absenteeism(旷工)wassooutofcontrolthattheproductionlinecouldn’tevenstartuponsomemornings.Finallyintheearly1980s,GMshutdowntheplant.GMbecameconvincedthatithadtocreatenewproductionsystemsbasedonteamwork.Inthemid1980sitreopenedtheFremontplantwithToyota,startingfromscratch(从零开始)withamuchsimplerandshorterlaborcontract.Itpromisedthatexecutivesalarieswouldbereducedandjobsperformedbyoutsidesellerswouldbegiventoemployeesbeforeanylayoffswereconsidered.Overahundredjobclassificationswerecuttojusttwo.Insteadofdoingoneboringjoboverandover,workersagreedtobepartofsmallteams,spendingequaltimeonvarioustasks.Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。)S1.Whatcommentdidtheauthormakeaboutthehighlysuccessfulpeopletravellingwithhim?________________________________________________________________S2.WhywasiteasyforboatstotumbleoverintheColorado?________________________________________________________________S3.WhathappenedtotheNewYorkKnicksinthe1980s?________________________________________________________________S4.WhatcausedthesharpconflictintheGMplantinthelate1970s?________________________________________________________________S5.WhatspiritwasencouragedinthereopenedGMplant?________________________________________________________________PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.假冒伪劣商品的危害n2.怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品1998年1月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.B2.B3.A4.B5.B6.C7.A8.D9.D10.A11.D12.A13.C14.C15.A16.B17.D18.D19.B20.CPartIIReadingComprehension21.B22.D23.B24.C25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.C32.D33.D34.B35.A36.B37.A38.D39.A40.CPartIIIVocabularyStructure41.C42.D43.C44.A45.A46.B47.B48.C49.D50.A51.B52.D53.C54.C55.A56.B57.D58.C59.D60.C61.D62.B63.A64.A65.B66.D67.B68.A69.C70.DPartIVShortAnswerQuestionsS1.Theywereusedtobeingspoiledandindulged.S2.Becausetheriverisfulloftwistsandturns.S3.Itwasinadversity.S4.Distrustandlackofteamwork.S5.Thespiritofteamwork.PartVWriting(略)1998年1月六级听力原文1.W:Ihaven’thadmuchexerciselately.MyonlyrecreationhasbeenwatchingTVorgoingtothemovies.Whatdoyoudoforrecreation?M:InsummerIlikeplayingtennisinsteadofswimmingandboating,andmyfavoritesportinthewinterisskating.Q:Whatistheman’sfavoritesportinsummer?2.M:Whydon’tyoucometoourhousefordinnersometimenextweek?W:I’dliketo,butwehavevisitorsfromFinland,perhapsnextweek.Q:Whycan’tthewomanaccepttheman’sinvitation?3.W:I’moutofcoinsfortheslotmachine.Doyouhaveany?nM:Idon’thaveanyeither.ButI’llgetsomefromthecafe.Q:Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?4.M:Ijustgotastatementfromthebank.ItsaysI’vedrawn$300morethanIhaveinmyaccount.W:Well,wedidspendalotonourvocation.Infact,wedidn’tknowexactlyhowmuchwasinourbank.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?5.W:Takeaseat,Mr.Brown.Couldyoutellmewhichpositionyouthinkmostappealstoyou?M:Well,asforme,IprefertotakethepostofsalesmanagerifyouthinkI’mqualified.Q:What’stheman’spurposeinmeetingthewoman?6.W:Billy,haveyouheardthelatestnews?Itappearsthatwewon’tbelaidoffafterall.M:Oh,somewhatI’mtiredofworkinghereanyway.Q:What’stheman’sreactiontothenewsthewomantoldhim?7.W:Yourroomisamess.Whenisthelasttimeyoutidiedyourroom?M:ItwaswhenLindacameover.SheisbeensohelpfulthatIsimplycan’tdowithouther.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?8.M:I’mterriblysorry,Anna,Ilostthemagazineyoulentmetheotherday.W:Itdoesn’tmatter.Itwasabacknumberanyway.Q:Whydoesn’tthewomancareaboutthelostmagazine?9.M:I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.Ididn’tthinkthemeetingwouldbesolong.W:That’sallright,Dr.Green.I’vegotthedatayourequiredandafewreferencebookswhichIthinkmaybeusefultoyourrepresentationattheconference.Q:What’spurposeofthewoman’svisittotheman?10.W:Excuseme,Sir.I’vebeenwaitingherefornearly20minuteslongjusttopaymytelephonebill.M:I’msorryaboutthat.Butthecomputerisdown,andeverybodyhashadtowaitthisafternoon.Q:What’sthewomancomplainingabout?PassageOneAcommunitytheatreisanimportantpartofalmosteverycityortownintheUnitedStates.Thereareover2,000communitytheatresintheUnitedStatestoday,about4.5millionpeopleworkofperforminthesetheatresforanaudienceofmorethan50millionpeopleannually.Thesetheatresareamateurorganizationsandaredifferentfromprofessionaltheatrecompanies.Acommunitytheatremayhaveitsownbuildingorperforminaschoolorchurchhall.Theactorsandactressesdonotreceivemoneyfortheirworkinthecommunitytheatre.Theyhaveotherjobstosupportthemselvesinstead.Smallcommunitiescan’tsupportafulltimetheatre.Theycannotpayactorsdirectorsorstageworkers,sothetheatreparticipantsworkforfree.Onepurposeofcommunitytheatreistoprovideanopportunityforcreativework.Manypeoplejoinincommunitytheatresbecausetheywanttoperformortobecreative.Severalpeopleinacommunitytheatregroupwereaskedwhytheyjoin.Eachonesaidheorsheneededtobecreative,todosomethingoriginal.Onemansaid“Ilovedtoact,it’stheonlytimeIfeelalife”.Anothersaid,“Ihaveaveryboringjob.Intheplay,Icancreatesomething.”Onewomansaid“Mywholelifeisoccupiedbyhusbandandfamily.Ineedsomethingmorethanthat.”Anotherpurposeofcommunitytheatreistoeducateandimprovethecommunity.Theatreisanartthatalsointroducesnewideastotheaudience.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.HowmanypeopleparticipateintheworkofcommunitytheatresintheUnitedStates?12.Howarecommunitytheatresdifferentfromprofessionaltheatrecompanies?13.Whatopportunitydoesthecommunitytheatreprovidetothepeopleinacommunity?PassageTwoAccordingtoanewstudydoneattheMedicalSchoolofUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAnglos,lefthandedpeoplemaybemorelikelytohaveaccidentsthantherighthanded.Onereasonmaybe:lefthandertendtomakeminormentalnmistakes.Inthestudyof2000sailors,thosewhohadmorementalerrorsalsohadmoreaccidents,andlefthanderwerereportedtohavemorementalerrorsandmoreaccidentsthanrighthander.TheauthorofthestudyJimWatsonsaid“Minormentalmistakesaremistakesthatanyadultswouldmakewhenweretiredorcarelessandtheycouldleadtoaccidentsbecausewelosetrackofwhatwearedoing“.PaulWhite,chiefofthestudyprogramsaidthathefoundthestudyinterestingandexciting.Buthewarnedthattheconclusionsshouldnotbeacceptedwithoutfurtherinvestigation.Hesaidthestudyhadlimitations,andlimitationscouldhaveinfluencedtheresults.JimWatson,whoisrighthandedhimself,stressedthatthestudywasnotanofficialprojectandsaidthatthefindingscannotbeappliedtoeverylefthander.Hesaidminormentalmistakescanberegardedasevidenceoflackofconcentration.Butinthepast,itwasbelievedthatlefthandertendedtohavemoreaccidentslargelybecausemostequipmentwasdesignedforrighthander.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.Whatissaidaboutlefthanderinthestudy?15.Whatwassaidaboutthestudyprogram?16.Whatwasthetraditionalexplanationoflefthanderhavingmoreaccidents?PassageThreeOn15th,Feb,1989aninstantsurveywascarriedoutamong18overseaspostgraduatestudents.11studentsweremaleand7werefemale,thepurposeofthesurveywastodiscovertheviewsofthestudentsonanumberofmattersofpersonalconcern.Thesurveywasconductedbymeansofaquestionnairegiventothestudentstocomplete.Therewerefivequestions.Thefirstquestionconcernedfavoritecolorandthesecondfavoritenumber.Thenext3questionswereallconcernedwithaspectsofmarriage.No.3lookedattheidealagetogetmarried,No.4examinedthequalitieslookedforinapartnerandNo.5askedabouttheidealnumberofchildren.Themainfindingswereasfollows:Bluewasthemostpopularcolor.ThiswasfollowedbyGreenandPurple.Therewasnorealsignificanceinthechoiceofluckynumber.Aboutonethirdofthestudentssaidthattheyhadnone.Sixty-onepercentofthestudentsselectedtheagegroup26to30yearsasidealformarriage,followedby21to25years.Inlookingatthemostimportantqualitiesinanidealpartner,someonehopedthepersontobeIntelligent,otherschoseNatural,stillothersindicatedAttractiveandHonest.Theidealnumberofchildrenwas2,followedby3.Itisnoteasytoreachanydefiniteconclusionsbaseduponsuchasmallsampleofstudentsfromsuchwidelydifferentbackgrounds.However,itisclearthatmajorityfavoriteof26to30istheidealagetogetmarriedwithanintelligentpartner,andproducing2children.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.Whowereinvolvedinthisinstantsurvey?18.Whatdothe5questionstobeansweredfocuson?19.Whatcolorwaschosenasthemostpopularinthesurvey?20.Whyisitdifficulttoreachanydefiniteconclusionsfromthesurvey?1998年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA)，B)，C),andD)anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Example:Youwillhear:nYouwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Hethinksthattherewon’tbeenoughsetsforeverybody.B)Hethinksthatthespeakerwon’tshowup.C)Hethinkstheseminarwon’tbeopentothepublic.D)Hethinksthattheremightnotbeanymoreticketsavailable.2.A)Theirfatherisunabletokeephispromise.B)Theirfatherisgoingonavacationwithouther.C)Theirfatherisn’ttellingherthetruth.D)Theirfatherdoesn’twanttotravelabroad.3.A)Johndidn’tpass,althoughhehadtriedhisbest.B)Johndidbetterthanhethoughthewasableto.C)Johngotanexcellentscore,whichwasunexpected.D)Johnwasdisappointedathismathscore.4.A)Theroofofthewoman’shouseneedstoberepaired.B)Theroofoftheman’shousehasseveralbadleaks.C)Thewoman’sbathroomwasbadlydamaged.D)Themanworksforaroofingcompany.5.A)Mr.Smithwillbereplacedifhemakesanothermistake.B)Mr.SmithisanadmirablechiefoftheAsianDepartment.C)Mr.Smith’sdepartmentismoresuccessfulthanalltheothers.D)Mr.Smithisseldominhisoffice.6.A)Shedon’thaveafaxmachine.B)Shemayquitherpresentjobsoon.C)Sheistiredofherpresentjob.D)Herphonenumberhaschanged.7.A)Someonehastakenherluggage.B)Herflightis50minuteslate.C)Herluggagehasbeendelayed.D)Shecan’tfindthemanshe’sbeenwaitingfor.8.A)Todowhateverthecommitteeaskshimto.B)Tomakedecisionsinagreementwiththecommittee.C)Torunthecommitteehisway.D)Tomakehimselfthecommitteechairman.9.A)Thewomanfoundthemailboxempty.B)Themaniswaitingforsomeimportantmail.C)Themanhasjustsentouthisapplication.D)Thewomanwillwriteapostcardtoherdaughter.n10.A)Readtheoperationmanual.B)Trythebuttonsonebyone.C)Asktheshopassistantforadvice.D)Makethemachinerunslowly.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageoneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Theyweredrawingpictures.B)TheywerewatchingTV.C)Theyweremakingatelephonecall.D)Theyweretidyingupthedrawingroom.12.A)Theylockedthecoupleupinthedrawingroom.B)Theyseriouslyinjuredtheownersofthehouse.C)TheysmashedtheTVsetandthetelephone.D)Theytookawaysixteenvaluablepaintings.13.A)Heaccusedthemofthetheft.B)Heraisedtherents.C)Herefusedtoprolongtheirlandlease.D)Heforcedthemtoabandontheirtraditions.14.A)Theywantedtoprotectthefarmers’interests.B)Theywantedtoextendthereservationareaforbirds.C)Theywantedtostealhisvaluablepaintings.D)Theywantedtodrivehimawayfromtheisland.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Throughfood.B)Throughair.C)Throughinsects.D)Throughbodyfluids.16.A)Theyranahighfever.B)Theydiedfromexcessivebleeding.C)Theirnervoussystemwasdamaged.D)Theysufferedfromheart-attack.17.A)Toseewhathappenedtothesurvivorsoftheoutbreak.B)Tostudyanimalsthatcanalsogetinfectedwiththedisease.C)Tofindoutwherethevirusoriginates.D)Tolookfortheplantsthatcouldcurethedisease.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)TodeterminewhethertheEarth’stemperatureisgoingup.B)Tostudythebehaviorofsomeseaanimals.nC)Tomeasurethedepthsoftheocean.D)Tomeasurethemovementofwavesintheocean.19.A)Theywerefrightenedanddistressed.B)Theyswamawaywhenthespeakerwasturnedon.C)Theyswamcloserto“examine”thespeakerwhenitwasturnedoff.D)Theydidn’tseemtobefrightenedandkeptswimmingnearthespeaker.20.A)Toattractmoreseaanimalstothetestingsite.B)Todrivedangerousseaanimalsawayfromthetestingsite.C)Tohelptracetheseaanimalsbeingtested.D)Todeterminehowseaanimalscommunicatewitheachother.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B),C),andD).YoushoulddivideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cyberspace(网络空间)，datasuperhighways,mulletmedia-forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever,Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopia(乌托邦)littleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe“how,”thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransitionalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarkets-withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”(期货)aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves-so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.,EuropeorJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries,Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.21.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestsof________.A)therichcountriesB)scientificdevelopmentC)theeliteD)theworldeconomy22.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A)internationaltradeshouldbeexpandedB)theinterestsofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsiderationnC)theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreasedD)communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized23.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactondevelopingcountries?A)Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.B)Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries.C)Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.D)Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.24.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay________.A)hindertheirindustrialproductionB)causethemtolosecontroloftheirtradeC)forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexportsD)costthemtheireconomicindependence25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis________.A)positiveB)criticalC)indifferentD)tolerantQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theestimatesofthenumbersofhome-schooledchildrenvarywidely.TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationestimatesthereare250,000to35,000home-schooledchildreninthecountry.Hone-schooladvocatesputthenumbermuchhigher-ataboutamillion.Manypublicschooladvocatestakeaharshattitudetowardhomeschoolers,perceivingtheiractionsastheultimateslapinthefaceforpubliceducationandadamagingmoveforthechildren.Homeschoolersharborfewkindwordsforpublicschools,chargingshortcomingsthatrangefromlackofreligiousperspectiveinthecurriculumtoaherd-likeapproachtoteachingchildren.Yet,aspublicschoolofficialsrealizetheystandlittletogainbyremaininghostiletothehome-schoolpopulation,andashomeschoolersrealizetheycanreapbenefitsfrompublicschools,thesehardlinesseemtobesofteningabit.Publicschoolershavemovedclosertotoleranceand,insomecases,evencooperation.SaysJohnMarshall,aneducationofficial,“Wearebecomingrelativelytolerantofhomeschoolers.“Theideais,‘Let’sgivethekidsaccesstopublicschoolsothey’llseeit’snotasterribleasthey’vebeentold,andthey’llwanttocomeback.Perhaps,butdon’tcountonit,sayhome-schooladvocates.Homeschoolers,opposethesystembecausetheyhavestrongconvictionsthattheirapproachtoeducation-whetherfueledbyreligiousenthusiasmortheindividualchild’sinterestsandnaturalpace-isbest.“Thebulkofhomeschoolersjustwanttobeleftalone,”saysEngeCannon,associatedirectoroftheNationalCenterForHomeEducation.Shesayshomeschoolerschoosethatpathforavarietyofreasons,butreligionplaysarole85percentofthetime.ProfessorVanGalenbreakshomeschoolersintotwogroups.Somehomeschoolerswanttheirchildrentolearnnotonlytraditionalsubjectmatterbutalso“strictreligiousdoctrineandaconservativepoliticalandsocialperspective.Notincidentally,theyalsowanttheirchildrentolearn-bothintellectuallyandemotionally-thatthefamilyisthemostimportantinstitutioninsociety.“Otherhomeschoolerscontend“notsomuchthattheschoolsteachheresy(异端邪说),butthatschoolsteachwhatevertheyteachinappropriately,”VanGalenwrites.“Theseparentsarehighlyindependentandstriveto‘takeresponsibility’fortheirownliveswithinasocietythattheydefineasbureaucraticandinefficient.”26.Accordingtothepassage,homeschoolersare________.nA)thosewhoengageprivateteacherstoprovideadditionaleducationfortheirchildrenB)thosewhoeducatetheirchildrenathomeinsteadofsendingthemtoschoolC)thosewhoadvocatecombiningpubliceducationwithhomeschoolingD)thosewhodon’tgotoschoolbutareeducatedathomebytheirparents27.Publicschoolsaresofteningtheirpositiononhomeschoolingbecause________.A)thereisn’tmuchtheycangotochangethepresentsituationB)theywanttoshowtheirtolerancefordifferentsituationC)homeschoolingprovidesanewvarietyofeducationforchildrenD)publicschoolshavesomanyproblemsthattheycannotofferpropereducationforallchildren28.Home-schooladvocatesareoftheopinionthat________.A)thingsinpublicschoolsarenotsobadashasoftenbeensaidB)theirtoleranceofpubliceducationwillattractmorekidstopublicschoolsC)homeschoolingissuperiorand,therefore,theywillnoteasilygiveinD)theirincreasedcooperationwithpublicschoolwillbringabouttheimprovementofpubliceducation29.Mosthomeschoolers’oppositiontopubliceducationstemsfromtheir________.A)respectfortheinterestofindividualsB)worryabouttheinefficiencyofpublicschoolsC)concernwiththecostinvolvedD)devotiontoreligion30.AccordingtoVanGalensomehomeschoolersbelievethat________.A)publicschoolstakeupaherd-likeapproachtoteachingchildrenB)teachersinpublicschoolarenotasresponsibleastheyshouldbeC)publicschoolscannotprovideaneducationthatisgoodenoughfortheirchildrenD)publicschoolsarethesourceofbureaucracyandinefficiencyinmodernsocietyQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everyyeartelevisionstationsreceivehundredsofcomplaintsabouttheloudnessofadvertisements.However,federalrulesforbidthepracticeofmakingadslouderthantheprogramming.Inaddition,televisionstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevelallowedforreasonsofefficiency.AccordingtooneNBCexecutive,nodifferenceexistsinthepeaksoundlevelofadsandprogramming.Giventhisinformationwhydocommercialssoundsoloud?Thesensationofsoundinvolvesavarietyoffactorsinadditiontoitsspeaklevel.Advertisersareskilfulatcreatingtheimpressionofloudnessthroughtheirexpertuseofsuchfactors.Onemajorcontributortotheperceivedloudnessofcommercialsisthatmushlessvariationinsoundleveloccursduringacommercial.Inregularprogrammingtheintensityofsoundvariesoveralargerange.However,soundlevelsincommercialstendtostayatornearpeaklevels.Other“tricksofthetrade”arealsoused.Becauselow-frequencysoundscanmaskhigherfrequencysounds,advertisersfilteroutanynoisesthatmaydrownouttheprimarymessage.Inaddition,thehumanvoicehasmoreauditory(听觉的)impactinthemiddlefrequencyranges.Advertiserselectronicallyvaryvoicesoundssothattheystaywithinsuchafrequencyband.Anotherapproachistowritethescriptsothatlotsofconsonants(辅音)areused,becausepeoplearemoreawareofconsonantsthanvowel(元音)sounds.Finally,advertiserstrytobegincommercialswithsoundsthatarehighlydifferentfromthoseoftheprogrammingwithinwhichthecommercialisburied.Becausepeoplebecomeadaptedtothetypeofsoundscomingfromprogramming,adramaticchangeinsoundqualitydrawsvieweraattention.Forexample,noticehowmanycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsometype.Theattention-gettingpropertyofcommercialscanbeseenbyobservingone-totwo-year-oldchildrenwhohappentobeplayingaroundatelevisionset.Theymaytotallyignoretheprogramming.However,whenacommercialcomeson,theirattentionisimmediatelydrawntoitbecauseofitsdramaticsoundquality.31.Accordingtothepassage,themaximumintensityofsoundcomingfromcommercials________.nA)doesnotexceedthatofprogramsB)isgreaterthanthatofprogramsC)variesoveralargerangethanthatofprogramsD)islessthanthatofprograms32.Commercialscreatethesensationofloudnessbecause________.A)TVstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevelsB)theirsoundlevelsarekeptaroundpeaklevelsC)theirsoundlevelsarekeptinthemiddlefrequencyrangesD)unlikeregularprogramstheirintensityofsoundvariesoverawiderange33.Manycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsomekindbecause________.A)popsongsattractviewerattentionB)itcanincreasetheirloudnessC)advertiserswanttomakethemsounddifferentfromregularprogramsD)advertiserswanttomergemusicwithcommercials34.Oneofthereasonswhycommercialsareabletoattractviewerattentionisthat________.A)thehumanvoicesincommercialshavemoreauditoryimpactB)peoplelikecheerfulsongsthatchangedramaticallyinsoundqualityC)high-frequencysoundsareusedtomasksoundsthatdrownouttheprimarymessageD)theypossesssoundqualitiesthatmaketheviewerfeelthatsomethingunusualishappening35.Inthepassage,theauthoristryingtotellus________.A)howTVadsvaryvocalsoundstoattractattentionB)howtheloudnessofTVadsisovercomeC)howadvertiserscontrolthesoundpropertiesofTVadsD)howtheattention-gettingpropertiesofsoundsaremadeuseofinTVadsQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990’s,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(猫头鹰),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters-andtheowls-wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使穷困),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer(臭氧层),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth’scomplexweblife.36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?A)Becausepeoplecan’tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.nC)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.A)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpovertyB)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountriesC)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulationD)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries38.Accordingtothepassage,cuttingtresstogrowmorefood________.A)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountriesB)isbutashort-termrelieftothefoodproblemC)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffoodD)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations39.Among“humanity’scurrentproblems”(Line6,Para.3),thechiefconcernofthescientistsis________.A)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountriesB)theexplosionofthehumanpopulationC)thereductionofbiologicaldiversityD)theeffectofglobalwarming40.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.A)todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblemsB)topresentthedifferentviewsonhumanity’scurrentproblemsC)toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity’scurrentproblemsD)topointoutthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnationsPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B),C),andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Thedirectionswereso________thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.A)ingeniousB)ambitiousC)notoriousD)ambiguous42.Becauseadegreeformagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost________areasinJapaneselife.A)sophisticatedB)competitiveC)considerateD)superficial43.Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof________.A)persuasionB)remedyC)encouragementD)compromise44.Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther________forawholeweek.A)constrainedB)dominatednC)restrictedD)occupied45.Ifwe________ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.A)diffuseB)diminishC)terminateD)preclude46.Moviedirectorsusemusicto________theactiononthescreen.A)contaminateB)complimentC)contemplateD)complement47.Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe________sightonTV.A)panicB)patrioticC)patheticD)periodic48.Manytouristswere________bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.A)degradedB)bewilderedC)evokedD)diverted49.Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular________for30millionparticipantsofallages.A)fantasyB)pastimeC)symposiumD)penalty50.Somepeoplethinkthata________translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.A)literalB)literaryC)liberalD)linear51.Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally________oftherealitythattheyrepresent.A)reflectionsB)demonstrationsC)illuminationsD)reproductions52.Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual________manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.A)retainsB)gainsC)achievesD)acquires53.Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey________toviolenceinordertoescape.A)proceedB)appealnC)resortD)incline54.Maryonce________withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.A)mergedB)collaboratedC)coincidedD)constituted55.Duringtheirfistteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe________oflessons.A)observationB)investigationC)inspectionD)examination56.Heattendstothe________ofimportantbusinesshimself.A)transactionB)transitionC)transmissionD)transformation57.Outof________revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.A)perfectB)totalC)sheerD)integral58.Amost________argumentaboutwhoshouldgoandfetchthebreadfromthekitchenwasgoingonwhenIcamein.A)trivialB)delicateC)minorD)miniature59.Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons________slowlyintothesky.A)floatingB)raisingC)heavingD)ascending60.Doyouhaveany________aboutwhatlivingbeingsonotherplanetswouldbelike?A)idealB)comprehensionC)notionD)intelligence61.Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute________ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.A)fictionB)functionC)fractionD)friction62.Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost________andbeneficialformofcare.nA)persistentB)appropriateC)thoughtfulD)sufficient63.It’spleasureforhimto________hisenergyandevenhislifetoresearchwork.A)dedicateB)dictateC)decorateD)direct64.Theyarewell________witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.A)identifiedB)recognizedC)acknowledgedD)acquainted65.Thereisa________differenceinmeaningbetweenthewordssurroundingsandenvironment.A)gentleB)subtleC)feebleD)humble66.Allthefinishedproductsarestoredina________ofthedeliveryportandshippingisavailableatanytime.A)garageB)cabinetC)capsuleD)warehouse67.whenhetriedtomakea________,hefoundthatthehotelwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.A)reservationB)claimC)messD)revision68.Parentstakeagreatinterestinthe________questionsbraisedbytheirchildren.A)nastyB)naiveC)obscureD)offensive69.Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman,be________overthemeetingwithgreatskill.A)presidedB)administeredC)masteredD)executed70.Bothpartiespromisedto________thecontracttobesignedthefollowingday.A)keepwithB)tanglewithC)adheretoD)devotetoPartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)nDirections:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.ReadthePassagecarefully.ThenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestPossiblewords(notexceeding10words)MostAmericansspendfarmoreoftheirleisuretimewiththemassmediathaninanyotheroccupation.Inaddition,mostofushear,see,orreadsomeofthemediawhileengagedinotheractivities.Thusanextremelylargenumberofourwakinghoursarespentwiththemassmedia.Ofallthemedia,televisionisclearlydominant,withnewspapersaclosesecond,atleastasasourceofnewsandotherinformation.Ourexposuretoallmediaisimportant,however,becauseallofthemcontributematerialsfortheconstructionofthatworldinourheads.Formostpeople,increaseduseofonemediumdoesnotdecreaseuseofanother.Infact,incertaincases,andespeciallyforcertainpurposes,themoreoneusesonemedium,themorelikelyoneistouseothers.Therearevariousfactorsthatcancauseyoutoexposeyourselftothemediaselectively,avoidingmuchofthematerialwithwhichyoudisagree.Someofthatselectiveexposureisprobablyduetothepsychologicalpressureyoufeeltoavoidthediscomfortcausedbyconfrontationwithfactsandideascontrarytoyourbeliefs,attitudes,orbehavior.However,someselectiveexposureisnotduetothepressureforconsistencybuttootherfactors,suchasyourage,education,andeventheareainwhichyouliveandthepeoplewithwhomyouassociate.Quiteadifferentsortoffactorthataffectsyourmediaexperiencesisthesocialcontextofexposure:whetheryouarealoneorwithotherswhenyouareexposedtoamedium;whetheryouareathome,attheoffice,inatheater,andsoon.Thesecontextsareasmuchasapotentialpartofthemessageyouwillformasfilmimagesonthescreenorwordsonthepage.Inaddition,thatsocialcontextaffects—bothdirectlyandindirectly—themediaandthemediacontenttowhichyoubecomeexposed.Newfriendsorcolleaguesgetyouinterestedindifferentthings.Othermembersofthefamilyoftenselectmediacontentthatyouwouldnothaveselected,andyoubecomeexposedtoit.Therevariousfactorshavesomuchinfluenceonyourmediaexposurethatsolittleofthatexposureisplanned.Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。)S1.Exposuretoallmediaisimportantandpeoplesometimestendtousemoremediaif________.S2.Whyarenewspapersconsideredasanimportantmediumaccordingtopassage?S3.Foronereasonoranother,people’sexposuretothemediaisoften________.S4.Apartfrompersonalpreferences,whatdeterminesone’schoiceofthemediaandmediacontent?S5.Thelastsentenceofthepassageindicatesthatone’sexposuretothemediais________.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDo“LuckyNumbers”ReallyGoodLuck?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有些人认为某些数学会带来好运。2.我认为数学和运气无关，...Do“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?1998年6月六级参考答案PartI1.D2.A3.B4.A5.A6.B7.C8.C9.B10.A11.B12.D13.C14.A15.D16.B17.C18.A19.D20.CnPartII21.A22.B23.A24.D25.B26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.D36.C37.A38.B39.C40.DPartIII41.D42.B43.C44.D45.C46.D47.C48.B49.B50.A51.A52.D53.C54.B55.A56.A57.C58.A59.D60.C61.C62.B63.A64.D65.B66.D67.A68.B69.A70.CS1.Theywanttoknowmoreabouttheworld.S2.Becausetheyareasourceofnewsandinformation.S3.selectiveandinfluencedbydifferentfactors.S4.Socialcontextofexposure.S5.hardlyplanned.1998年6月六级听力原文1.W:Friday’sspeakerissupposedtobewonderful.Areyougoingtoattendtheseminaronthatday?M:Yes.ButIhaven’tbeenabletogettheticketyet.Sincethelectureisopentothepublic,Iimaginethattheticketsmayhavealreadybeensoldout.Q:Whyisthemanafraidhewon’tbeabletoattendtheseminar?2.M:Iwonderwhatmakesmothersoupsetthesedays.W:Fatheriscancelinghisvocationtrip.Hepromisedtotakeherabroadlastyear.Butthecompanyisaskingfathertopostponehisvocation.Q:Whyistheirmotherunhappy?3.W:Howdidyoudoonthemathexam,John?M:Ibarelymadeit.ItwasjustapassingscorebutbetterthanIhadexpected.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?4.W:DuringthelastthunderstormInoticedseveralleaksinmybedroomceilingandtheyreallycausedamess.M:Maybeyouhavesomebrokentiles.Ihavethephonenumberofagoodroofingcompanythatcoulddoagoodrepairjobforyouatareasonableprice.Q:Whatcanweconcludefromthisconversation?5.W:ThereportsaysallthedepartmentsaremakingaprofitexcepttheAsianDepartment.M:Well,Mr.Smithseemstobethewrongpersontoheadthatdepartment.Onemorestepwrongandhewouldberemovedfromthatoffice.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?6.M:Couldyougivemeyourofficephonenumberorfaxnumbersothatwecancontacteachothermoreoften?W:ButI’vebeentryingtofindanewjobinanothercompany.Yousee,I’veworkedherefor3yearswithoutaraise.nThat’sunfairtome.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.W:Couldyouhelpme,Sir?Myflightgotin15minutesago.Everyoneelsehaspickeduptheluggagebutminehasn’tcomethrough.M:I’msorry,Madam,I’llgoandfindoutifthereisanymoretocome.Q:What’sthewoman’sproblem?8.W:WasRobertelectedtothecommittee?M:Yes.Infacthewasmadechairman.Butheonlyagreedtotakethejobiftheylethimhavethefinalsay.Q:WhatdoesRobertintendtodo?9.M:Hastoday’smailarrived?I’manxioustoknowabouttheresultofmyapplication.W:I’llcheckthemailbox.Thereisnothinginitbutapost-cardfromourdaughter.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?10.M:Thismachinehassomanybuttons.Ican’tfigureoutwhichonemakesitrun.W:You’dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.Pressingthebuttonsrandomlymaycausethemachinetobreakdown.Q:Accordingtothewoman,whatshallthemandofirst?PassageOneIt’s8o’clockonTuesday,May1st.Hereisthenews:Betweenthehoursof7:00and8:00P.M.lastnight,fivethievesbrokeintothecountryhouseofLordandLadyChest-fieldonanisland.Theyenteredbyawindowattherearofthehouseandsurprisedtheownerswhowerewatchingtelevisioninthedrawingroom.AfterdisconnectionthetelephoneandtyingupLordandLadyChest-field,thethievesescapedwith16preciouspaintings.Themarketvalueofsuchartworkshasbeenestimatedatsomewherearound4millionpounds.LordandLadyChest-fieldwerenotseriouslyharmedbuthavebeentreatedforshockinthehospital.EarlythismorningawomanwithaScottishaccenttelephonedtheThamesinLondontosaythattheChest-fieldOrganizationforFreedomclaimtheresponsibilityforthetheft.Thisisthethirdtimethisyearthatthisorganizationhasclaimedtheresponsibilityforanactofthiskind.Theorganizationdefendsallthefarmersontheisland.ThefarmerswereforcedtoleavetheirlandswhenLordChest-field,theirlandlord,refusedtorenewtheirtraditionalleaselastyearinordertoextendthereservationareaforbirds.Questions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhatwereLordandLadyChest-fielddoingwhenthethievesbrokeintotheirhouse?12.Whatdidthefivethievesdo?13.WhatdidLordChest-fielddotothefarmers?14.What’stheorganizationspurposeinbreakingintoLordChest-field’shouse?PassageTwoAdeadlyinfectiousoutbreaksweptthroughasmallcityinZaire,Africalastspring,killingmorethanonehundredpeople.Thekillerwasararevirusthatcausedmostvictimstobleedtodeath.Asscientistsrushedtocontroltheoutbreak,peopleintheU.Swondered“Coulditattackhere?”“Wearefoolishifwethinkitcouldn’tcometoourcountry.”saydoctors.Theviruscanbehighlyinfectious.Ifyoucomeincontactwithavictim’sbloodorotherbodyfluids,youcangetsick,too.Allittakesisoneinfectedpersontostartsuchadisease.That’swhatscientistsbelievehashappenedinZaire.Thehealthcareworkerswhotreatedthefirstvictimstheresoonfellilltoo.Theproblemwastheyhadnoprotectiveequipmenttopreventthemselvesfrombeinginfected.InternationalrescueworkersbroughtequipmenttoZairesoonaftertheoutbreakoccurred.Nowthediseaseappearstobeundercontrol.Onebigmysteryisthatnooneknowswheretheviruscomesfromorwhereitwillsstrikenext.Somescientistssaythatthevirusliesinactiveinthecellsofsomekindofplant,insectorotheranimals.Thenitsomehowfindsawaytoinfecthumans.ScientistsarenowheadedintothejunglesofAfricatofindoutwheretheviruslives.Oncetheyfindthevirus,theyalsohopetofindwaystocomeaboutit.Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.n15.Howdoesthediseasementionedinthepassagespread?16.Whathappenedtomostofthevictimsstrokewiththisdisease?17.WhyarethescientistsgoingtotheAfricanjungles?PassageThreeAteamofscientistsrecentlybeganaprojecttomeasuretheeffectsofloudnoisesonseaanimals.Ifthesoundsdon’tharmtheanimals,thentheresearcherscangoaheadwithaplantotransmitsoundwavesthroughthePacificOceantotakeearth’stemperature.Soundtravelsfasterthroughwarmwaterthancoldwater.Byanalyzingthespeedofsoundthroughtheoceanoveratime,thescientistswillbeabletodetermineifourplanetiswarmingup.Theexperimentwasnearlycancelledmorethanayearagobecauseenvironmentalgroupsfearedthatthesoundwillconfuseorharmthesea-animals.So,scientistsareconductingtestsontheanimalsfirst.Theresearchersloweredaloudspeakerthatemitslowfrequencysoundabout1000metersbeneaththeocean.Scientistsatthesitetransmitsoundwavesintotheocean.Radiotransmittersattachedtosomeofthesea-animalshelptheresearcheskeeptrackoftheanimals’movements.Ifsea-animalsaredistressedbythesounds,theywouldswimawayfromthespeakers.Sofar,therearen’tanysignsthattheanimalsarebeingharmed.Researchersatthesitenoticedthatlargenumbersofsea-animalsswimnearthespeakerwhetheritwasturnedonoroff,butitisstilltoosoontoknowforsure,thescientistsadmit.ThetestwillcontinuethroughSeptember.“Ifallgoeswell,”theysay,wecanbeginmeasuringtemperaturechangesonourplanet.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.WhatisthepurposeofanalyzingthespeedofsoundthroughthePacificOcean?19.Whatwasthereactionofthesea-animalstothesoundtests?20.Forwhatpurposewereradiotransmittersused?1999年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA)，B)，C),andD)anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwithnear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)She’sgoingawayforawhile.B)Shedidwellonthetest.C)Sheworkedhardandearnedalotofmoney.D)She’sdidn’thavetoworkhardfortheexam.n2.A)Susanisfastworker.B)SusandidJack’shomework.C)Susandidn’tdothehomeworkonherown.D)Susanhasnotfinishedherhomework.3.A)Hereadthecabinetreport.B)Hereadthenewspaper.C)Helistenedtoaradioreport.D)He’ssecretarytelephonedhim.4.A)Hurrytotheconference.B)Skiptheconference.C)Takethesubway.D)Takeabus.5.A)Heisconfident.B)Heisworried.C)Heisbored.D)Heisangry.6.A)Heusedtobeaworkmanhimself.B)Helikestodorepairsandmakethingshimself.C)Heisprofessionalbuilder.D)Hepaidworkmentodecoratethehouse.7.A)Thewomandoesn’tlikejam.B)Thewomanforgotwhereshehadleftthejar.C)Themanhadanaccident.D)Themanbrokethejar.8.A)Opinionsaboutthebookarevaried.B)Themanthinksthebookisexcellent.C)Youshouldn’tbelieveeverythingyouread.D)Thewomanwonderswhichnewspaperthemanisreading.9.A)It’squitenormal.B)It’stoohigh.C)It’scheapindeed.D)Itcouldbecheaper.10.A)Theadmissionofapatient.B)Diagnosisofanillness.C)Theoldman’sseriouscondition.D)Sendingforadoctor.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageoneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Thecolorofthedog.B)Thepriceofthedog.nC)Whetherthedogwillfittheenvironment.D)Whetherthedogwillgetalongwiththeotherpetsinthehouse.12.A)Itmustbetrainedsoitwon’tbite.B)Itneedsmoreloveandcare.C)Itdemandsmorefoodandspace.D)Itmustbelookedaftercarefully.13.A)Theyarelesslikelytorunaway.B)It’seasierfortheirmasterstotrainthem.C)Theyarelesslikelytobeshywithhumanbeings.D)It’seasierforthemtoformarelationshipwiththeirmasters.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theyoftengoforwalksataleisurelypace.B)Theyusuallyhaveaspecificpurposeinmind.C)Theyliketheseasidemorethanthecountryside.D)Theyseldomplantheirleisureactivitiesinadvance.15.A)Theirhardworkingspirit.B)Theirpatienceinwaitingfortheatretickets.C)Theirdelightinleisureactivities.D)Theirenthusiasmandforthearts.16.A)ThePolishpeoplecannowspendtheirleisuretimeinvariousways.B)ThePolishpeoplearefondofwalkingleisurelyinthecountryside.C)ThePolishpeopleenjoypickingwildfruitintheirleisuretime.D)ThePolishpeopleliketospendtheirholidaysabroad.PassageThereQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Theywillbemuchbigger.B)Theywillhavemoreseats.C)Theywillhavethreewheels.D)Theywillneedintelligentdrivers.18.A)Itdoesn’tneedtoberefueled.B)Itwillusesolarenergyasfuel.C)Itwillbedrivenbyelectricalpower.D)Itwillbemoresuitableforlongdistancetravel.19.A)Passengersinthecarmaybeseatedfacingonanother.B)Thefrontseatswillfaceforwardandthebackseatsbackward.C)Specialseatswillbedesignedforchildren.D)Moreseatswillbeadded.20.A)Choosetherightroute.B)Refuelthecarregularly.C)Starttheengine.D)Tellthecomputerwheretogo.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B),C),andD).YoushoulddeicideonthebestchoicenandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ManyAmericansharbouragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides(杀虫剂).Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens-asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms(磨菇)mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives(添加剂).DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfatworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.21.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans’viewoftheirfood?A)Theyoverstatethegovernment’sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.B)Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.C)Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.D)Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.22.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecause________.A)nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironmentB)pesticidesarewidelyusedinagricultureC)manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicalsD)almostallfoodshaveadditives23.Bysaying“theyemploychemicalwarfare”(Line4,Para.2),BruceAmesmeans“________”.A)plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseasesB)plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowthC)farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplantsD)farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases24.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson________.A)thegovernmentB)theconsumerC)theprocessorD)thegrower25.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?nA)Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.B)Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.C)Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.D)Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therearesomeeachphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal-aperiodwhenNorthPolebecomesSouthPoleandSouthPolebecomesNorthPole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metresofdeepseasediment(沉淀物)core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementslotsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears-themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten(熔化的)ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth’ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor(陨星)impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsaysintensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalidgeophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.26.Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?A)PolarityReversal:AFantasticPhenomenonofNature.B)MeasurementoftheEarth’sMagnetic-FieldIntensity.C)FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarth.D)ANewApproachtotheStudyorGeophysics.27.Theword“flip”(Line6,Para.2)mostprobablymeans“________”.A)declineB)intensifyC)fluctuateD)reverse28.WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?A)Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth’smagneticfield.B)Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth’smagneticfield.C)Theoriginoftheearth’smagneticfield.D)Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.29.TheFrenchgeophysicists’studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin________.A)itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth’smagneticfieldB)thewaytheearth’smagneticintensityismeasuredC)itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth’spolarityD)thewaytheearth’sfluctuationrhythmisdefined30.InPeterOslo’sopiniontheFrenchexperiment________.nA)islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearthB)hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarityreversalsC)iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisastersD)hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld’sgeophysicistsQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion-aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsaregoodandothersarebad,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitselfItgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.31.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat________.A)theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsB)theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemC)theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveD)theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings32.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey________.A)believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveB)benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherC)enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingD)knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety33.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton________.A)theabilitytomakemoneyB)thewilltoworkforpleasureC)thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesD)thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences34.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause________.A)theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsB)theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainednC)theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsD)theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople35.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey________.A)helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitB)encourageustoperformimportanttasksC)helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemD)helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingusQuestions36to40basedonthefollowingpassage:TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials(文凭)thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure(终身任期),promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”36.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoalpeople”(Lines1-2,Para.1)itaimsto________.A)satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneouslyB)focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskillsC)encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossibleD)makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends37.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”(Lines4-5,Pare.1)theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas________.A)ignorestheactualsituationB)isnotbasedontherightperspectiveC)onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearningD)givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents38.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat________.A)anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycollegesB)studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearnC)skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanendD)studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials39.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause________.A)mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfacultiesB)theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearchnC)therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhardD)theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor________.A)puttingacademicworkinthepropercontextB)acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteachingC)thepracticeofputtingleaningtoproductiveendsD)dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledgePartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B),C),andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.TheSpaceAge________inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.A)initiatedB)originatedC)embarkedD)commenced42.Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite________andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.A)snatchupB)summonupC)catchonD)watchout43.Whenhetriedtomakea________,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.A)complaintB)claimC)reservationD)decision44.Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally________foratriproundEurope.A)inadequateB)incapableC)incompatibleD)invalid45.Inourhighlytechnologicalsociety,thenumberofjobsforunskilledworkeris________.A)shrinkingB)obscuringC)alteringD)constraining46.Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto________theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.A)decreaseB)subtractC)minimizeD)degrade47.Iftheworldistoremainpeacefultheutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimitlocal________.A)collisionsnB)combatsC)contradictionsD)conflicts48.Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen________inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.A)glidingB)cruisingC)pilotingD)patrolling49.Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped________inChicagoandNewYorkCity.A)homogeneouslyB)simultaneouslyC)spontaneouslyD)harmoniously50.Thecourtconsidersafinancial________tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.A)optionB)dutyC)obligationD)penalty51.IthinkthatIcommitteda________inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.A)blunderB)revengeC)reproachD)scandal52.Evenwhentextbooksare________throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.A)commonplaceB)standardizedC)competitiveD)generalized53.Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof________andfairnessasareliablefriend.A)robustnessB)temperamentC)integrityD)compactness54.Allindividualsarerequiredto________tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.A)obeyB)conformC)concedeD)observe55.Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen________.A)identifiedB)guaranteedC)notifiedD)conveyed56.ItisverystrangebutIhadan________thattheplanewouldcrash.nA)inspirationB)intuitionC)imaginationD)incentive57.Thechangingimageofthefamilyontelevisionprovides________intochangingattitudestowardthefamilyinsociety.A)insightsB)presentationsC)revelationsD)specifications58.Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax________.A)efficiencyB)revenuesC)privilegesD)validity59.Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome________atmanysurvivalskills.A)proficientB)persistentC)consistentD)sufficient60.Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso________thattheycandisappearatanymoment.A)trivialB)fatalC)tentativeD)feeble61.Duringtheconstructionofskyscrapers,cranesareusedto________buildingmaterialstotheupperfloors.A)tossB)towC)hoistD)hurl62.Diamondshavelittle________valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.A)extinctB)permanentC)surplusD)intrinsic63.Thekitchenwassmalland________sothatthedisabledcouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.A)conventionalB)compactC)compatibleD)concise64.Hewill________resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.A)doubtfullyB)adequatelyC)presumablynD)reasonably65.Thegoalistomakehighereducationavailabletoeveryonewhoiswillingandcapable________hisfinancialsituation.A)withrespecttoB)inaccordwithC)regardlessofD)intermsof66.Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared________bytheformermilitaryruler.A)voidB)vulgarC)surplusD)extravagant67.Theystoodgazingatthehappy________ofchildrenplayinginthepark.A)perspectiveB)viewC)landscapeD)scene68.Anobviouschangeofattitudeatthetoptowardswomen’sstatusinsocietywill________throughthecurrentlawsysteminJapan.A)permeateB)probeC)violateD)grope69.Whenherealizedhehadbeen________tosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatenedtostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.A)elicitedB)excitedC)deducedD)induced70.Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost________,havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.A)respectivelyB)extraordinarilyC)incrediblyD)exclusivelyPartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).ManyparentswhowelcometheideaofturningofftheTVandspendingmoretimewiththefamilyarestillworriedthatwithoutTVtheywouldconstantlybeoncallasentertainersfortheirchildren.Theyrememberthinkingupallsortsofthingstodowhentheywerekids.Buttheirownkidsseemdifferent,lessresourceful,somehow.Whenthere’snothingtodo,theseparentsobserveregretfully,theirkidsseemunabletocomeupwithanythingtodobesidesturningontheTV.Onefather,forexample,says.“WhenIwasakid,wewerealwaysthinkingupthingstodo,projectsandgames.Wecertainlynevercomplainedinanannoyingwaytoourparents,‘Ihavenothingtodo!’Hecomparesthiswithhisownnchildrentoday:“They’resimplylazy.Ifsomeonedoesn’tentertainthem,they’llhappilysittherewatchingTVallday.“Thereisonewordforthisfather’sdisappointment:unfair.ItisasifheweredisappointedinthemfornotreadingGreekthoughtheyhaveneverstudiedthelanguage.Hedeplores(哀叹)hischildren’slackofinventiveness,asiftheabilitytoplayweresomethinginnate(天生的)thathischildrenaremissing.Infact,whilethetendencytoplayisbuiltintothehumanspecies,theactualabilitytoplay-toimagine,toinvent,toelaborateonrealityinaplayfulway-andtheabilitytogainfulfillmentfromit,theseareskillsthathavetolearnedanddeveloped.Suchdisappointment,however,isnotonlyunjust,itisalsodestructive.Sensingtheirparents’disappointment,childrencometobelievethattheyare,indeed,lackingsomething,andthatthismakesthemlessworthyofadmirationandrespect.Givingchildrentheopportunitytodevelopnewresources,toenlargetheirhorizonsanddiscoverthepleasuresofdoingthingsontheirownis,ontheotherhand,awaytohelpchildrendevelopaconfidentfeelingaboutthemselvesascapableandinterestingpeople.Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分，每条横线限定一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。)S1.Accordingtomanyparents,withoutTV,theirchildrenwouldlikethemto________.S2.Manyparentsthinkthat,insteadofwatchingalotofTV,theirchildrenshould________.S3.Thefatheroftenblameshischildrenfornotbeingabletoentertainthemselves.Thisisunfairbecausethey________.S4.Whenparentsshowconstantdisappointmentintheirchildren,thedestructiveeffectisthatthechildrenwill________.S5.Developingchildren’sself-confidencehelpsbringthemuptobe________.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”。2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”。3.该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”1999年1月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.B2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C11.C12.B13.D14.B15.D16.A17.C18.C19.A20.DPartIIReadingComprehension21.C22.C23.A24.B25.D26.D27.D28.A29.C30.A31.B32.C33.C34.B35.D36.C37.B38.A39.D40.BnPartIIIVocabularyStructure41.D42.C43.C44.A45.A46.C47.D48.B49.B50.D51.A52.B53.C54.B55.A56.B57.A58.B59.A60.D61.C62.D63.B64.C65.C66.A67.D68.A69.D70.DPartIVshortAnswerQuestionsS1.themselves(playwiththem)S2.thinkupthingstodoS3.havetolearnanddeveloptheirplayingabilitiesgraduallyS4.losetheirconfidenceandrespectabilityS5.capableandinterestingpeople1999年1月六级听力原文SectionA1.M:Congratulations.YoucertainlydidquitewellandImustsayyoudeservethatgrade.W:Well,IreallystudiedhardforthatexamI’vebeenpreparingforitformorethanamonth.Now,Icanrelaxforawhile.Q:Whyisthewomansohappy?2.M:It’shardtobelievethatSusanhasalreadyfinishedherhomework.W:Well,shecopiedJack’shomeworkandmadeafewchanges.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutSusan?3.W:Mr.Johnson,haveyouheardthemorningnewsreport?MillhasresignedhispostasPrimeMinister.M:Ididn’tturnontheradiothismorning,butIdidseetheheadlines.Ifyouremember,hethreatenedtoleavetheofficeatthelastcabinetmeeting.Q:HowdidMr.JohnsonlearnthatthePrimeMinisterhasresigned?4.M:Ifyouareinhurry,youcantakethesubway.Ifyouwanttogosightseeing,takeabus.W:Actually,Idon’thavetobeattheconferencebeforenoon.Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?5.W:Howdidyourinterviewgo?M:Icouldn’tfeelbetteraboutit.ThequestionswereveryfairandIseemedtofindanswersforallthem.Q:Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheinterview?6.W:I’mveryimpressedbyalltheworkyou’vedoneonyourhouse.Mr.Miller,Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingonit?M:Ifirstbecameinterestedindoingthingsmyselfseveralyearsago.I’vebeendoingsomethingoniteverynowandthenforalmostayearnow.Youknow,Icouldn’taffordtopayworkmentodoit.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutMr.Miller?7.W:IjustmadeajarofjamthismorningandnowIcan’tfinditanywhere.Doyouknowwhathappenedtoit?M:Didyouhearacrash,thatwasit,I’mjustasclumsyasever.Q:Whatistheproblem?8.W:Ireadinthenewspaperthatthenovelyouarereadingisexcellent.nM:I’vealsoreadsomenegativereviews.Q:Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?9.W:Johntoldmehehadgotasecond-handcar,doyouknowhowmuchhepaidforit?M:Well,hesaidhepaid800dollarsforit.Ithinkhegotarealbargain.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthepriceofthecar?10.M:Hello,thisisdoctorMaritafromtheemergencydepartment.Ihavea70-year-oldpatientwithafracturedankle.W:OK,sendhimtoward3.Q:Whataretheytalkingaboutonthephone?SectionBPassageOneMostpeoplehavehadadogorwantedoneastheircompanionatsometimeintheirlives.Ifyouarethinkingofbuyingadog,however,youshouldfirstdecidewhatsortofcompanionyouneedandwhetherthedogislikelytobehappyinthesurroundingsyoucanprovide.Specialistadviceisavailabletohelpyouchoosethemostsuitablebreedofdog.Butinpart,thedecisiondependsoncommonsense.Mostbreedswereoriginallydevelopedtoperformspecifictasks.So,ifyouwantadogtoprotectyouoryourhouse,forexample,youshouldchooseabreedthathastherightsizeandcharacteristicsYoumustalsobereadytodevoteagooddealoftimetotrainthedogwhenitisyoungandgiveittheexerciseitneedstothroughoutitslife,unlessliveinthecountryandcanletitrunfreely.Dogsaredemandingpets.Whereascatsidentifywiththehouseandsoarecontentiftheirplacethereissecureadogidentifieswithitsmasterandconsequentlywantshimtoshowproofofhisaffection.Thebesttimetobuyababy-dogiswhenitisbetween6and8weeksoldsothatitcantransferitsaffectionfromitsmothertoitsmaster.Ifbabydogshavenotestablishedarelationshipwiththehumanbeinguntiltheyareoverthreemonthsold,theirstrongrelationshipwillalwaysbewithdogs.Theyarelikelytobetooshywhentheyarebroughtoutintotheworldtobecomegoodpets.11.What’smentionedasaconsiderationinbuyingadog?12.Whydoesthespeakersayadogisamoredemandingpetthanacat?13.Whyisadvisedtobuybabydogsunderthreemonthsold?PassageTwoPeopleinPolandtaketheirpleasureseriously.Theyliketohaveanaimevenwhenspendingthetimewhichisentirelytheirown.Duringthesummer,peoplestartworkveryearlyinthemorningsothattheycanfinishearlyandenjoyaleisurelyafternoon.ItisdifficulttoimaginePolishpeoplegoingaimlesslyforawalkinthecountry,thoughtheymightgotopickwildfruit,tovisitaplaceofhistoricalimportanceortowalk20KMasatrainingexercise.Theyareoftenadmiredfortheirimmenseenjoymentofthearts.Allparksarebeautifullycaredandarefortheuseandenjoymentofthepeople.Quiteordinarypeoplewilltalkwithobviousdelightaboutconcerts.Thereisnearlyalwaysacrowdatthedoorofthetheatre,askingforreturnedtickets.PeopleinPolandnowhavefarmoreleisuretimeandmoremoneythaneverbefore.Itisthereforepossibletospendtheweekendsinmanynewways.Manypeoplenowhaveover20daysholidayayear.Thisprovidesanopportunityforholidaysinthecountryorattheseaside.14.WhatisspecialaboutthePolishwayofspendingleisuretime?15.ForwhatdoestheauthoradmirethePolishpeople?16.Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?PassageThreeWhatkindofcarwillwebedrivingbytheyear2010?Ratherdifferentfromthetypeweknowtoday.Withthenextdecadebringinggreaterchangethanthepast50years,thepeoplewhowillbedesigningthemodelsoftomorrowbelievethatenvironmentalproblemsmaywellacceleratethepaceofthecar’sdevelopment.Thevisionisthatofamachinewith3wheelsinsteadof4，electrically-poweredenvironmentallycleanandabletodriveitselfalongintelligentroads,equippedwithbuilt-inpowersupplies.Futurecarswillpickupthefuelduringlongjourneysfromanpowersourcebuiltintotheroad,orstoredinsmallquantitiesfortravellinginthecity.Insteadoftoday’sseatingarrangementtwoinfront,twoorthreebehind,allfacingforward,the2010carwillhaveaninteriorwithadultsandchildreninafamilycircle.Thisviewoffuturecarbasedonamuchmoresophisticatedroadsystem.Carswillbeautomaticallycontrolledbyacomputer.Allthedriverwillhavetodoissaywheretogoandthecomputerwilldotherest.Itwillbecomeimpossibleforcarstocrashintooneanother.Thetechnologyalreadyexistsforthecartobecomeatrueautomobile.17.Whatisthedesigner’svisionofthecarsoftomorrow?18.Whatelsedoesthepassagetellusaboutthefuturecar?19.Whatistheseatingarrangementforfuturecars?20.Whatistheonlythingthedriverofthefuturecarhastodo?1999年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Themanattendedtheconcert,butdidn’tlikeit.B)Themanwassorrytomissthefootballgame.C)Themanismoreinterestedinfootballthaninclassicalmusic.D)Themanwassorrythathedidn’tattendtheconcert.2.A)Singingloudly.B)Listeningtomusic.C)Studying.D)Talkingonthephone.3.A)Shecan’treceiveanycalls.B)Shecan’tmakeanycalls.C)Shecandonothingwiththephone.D)Shecan’trepairthephone.4.A)Tomisveryresponsible.B)Tom’swordsaren’treliable.C)WhatTomsaidistrue.nD)Tomisnothumorousatall.5.A)Howtouseacamera.B)Howtouseawasher.C)Howtouseakeyboard.D)Howtouseataperecorder.6.A)Theyshouldputthemeetingtoanend.B)Theyshouldholdanothermeetingtodiscussthematter.C)Shewouldliketodiscussanotheritem.D)Shewantstodiscusstheissueagainlater.7.A)HebelievestheBrownshavedoneasensiblething.B)Hedoesn’tthinktheBrownsshouldmovetoanotherplace.C)Hedoesn’tthinktheBrowns’investmentisawisemove.D)HebelievesitisbetterfortheBrownstoinvestlater.8.A)Hemayconvertitanduseitasarestaurant.B)Hemaypullitdownandbuildanewrestaurant.C)Hemayrentitoutforuseasarestaurant.D)Hemaysellittotheownerofarestaurant.9.A)Shedoesn’tlikethewaytheprofessorlectures.B)She’shavingahardtimefollowingtheprofessor’slectures.C)Sheisnotinterestedincourse.D)She’shavingdifficultywiththeheavyreadingassignments.10.A)Heneverkeepshispromises.B)Heiscrazyaboutparties.C)Hehaschangedhismind.D)Heisnotsociable.SectionBCompoundDictation注意:听力理解的B节(SectionB)为复合式听写(CompoundDictation)，题目在卷二上。现在请取出试卷二。Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagetreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Thenlistentothepassageagain.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfromS1toS7withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.ForblanksnumberedS8toS10youarerequiredtofillinmissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins(S1)________presidentsFord,CarterandBushat“thepresident’ssummitforAmerica’sfuture”(S2)________atrecruitingonemillionvolunteertutorstoprovideafter-school,weekendandsummerreadinghelpforuptothreemillionchildren.Mr.ClintonwillaskCongressthiscomingweekfornearlythree(S3)________dollarstofundafive-yearprogramcalled“AmericaReads”.Theprogramwouldfundthe(S4)________effortsof20thousandreading(S5)________anditwouldalsogive(S6)________tohelpparentshelpchildrenreadbythethirdgrade,oraboutageeight.DuringhisSaturdayradio(S7)________,thepresidentexplainedwhytheprogramisimportant.“Weneed‘AmericaReads’andweneeditnow.Studiesshowthatifthefourth-gradersfailtoreadwell,(S8)________.But,40percentofthemstillcan’treadatabasiclevel.”Volunteertutors,whoprovidecommunityserviceinexchangeforcollegefunding,arebeingusedinliteracyandtutoringprograms.(S9)________.ThepresidentsaysmanyofthePhiladelphiasummit’scorporatesponsorswillrecruittutors.(S10)________.nPartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成条件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.11.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity________.A)wasstrengthenedB)wasnotaffectedC)wasalteredD)wasweakened12.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto________.A)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliB)turnofftheelectricityC)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsD)becomeabnormallysuspicious13.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat________.A)theydislikeditstasteB)itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsC)itledtostomachpainsD)theyassociateditwithstomachaches14.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat________.nA)theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharinB)thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothemC)theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemindD)theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning15.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals________.A)canbeweakenedbyconditioningB)canbesuppressedbydruginjectionsC)canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharinD)canbealteredbyelectricshocksQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinueoccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing(把…固定)legalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon(放任).Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeennetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry’sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind’sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.Wearebeingasked,and,infact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.16.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause________.A)theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoingB)theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterestsC)timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonitD)itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures17.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis________.A)topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasionB)toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionC)totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollutionD)toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandardsn18.Theword“tunnel-visioned(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans“________”.A)narrow-mindedB)blindtothefactsC)short-sightedD)abletoseeonlyoneaspect19.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?A)Legislationandgovernmentintervention.B)Theindustry’sunderstandingandsupport.C)Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.D)Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists.20.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A)Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures.B)Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution.C)Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution.D)Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudentnumbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.Theuniversitieshavethreatenedtoimposeanadmissionfeeonstudentstoplugagapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprovetheirfinancesandscrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversities’threatbysettingupthemostfundamentalreviewofhighereducationforageneration,underanon-partytroubleshooter(调停人)，SirRonDearing.Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershighereducation,fivetimesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneedsalotmoremoney-butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopeforattractingmorefinancefrombusiness.Mostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncosts,somethingthatiscommonelsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionarychangeinBritain.Universitieswantthegovernmenttointroducealoanschemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatenedactionfornow.TheyawaitDearing’sadvice,hopingitwillnotbetoolate-somearealreadyreportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.Asthecenturynearsitsend,thewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbeisunderthemicroscope.Expertsponderhowmuchtheycanusecomputersinsteadofclassrooms,talkoftheneedforlifelonglearningandrefertostudentsas“consumers.”TheConfederation(联盟)ofBritishIndustry,thekeyemployers’organization,wantsevenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitiononworldmarketsfromboomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthasdoubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimesnewspaperegress,complainingthatqualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorialsupervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalofEuropeanuniversities.”21.ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis________.A)howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficultyB)howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprisesC)howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnologyD)howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration22.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinBritain________.A)thegovernmentpaysdearlyforitsfinancialpolicynB)universitiesaremainlyfundedbybusinessesC)highereducationisprovidedfreeofchargeD)studentsarereadytoacceptloanschemesfortuition23.WhatwasthepercentageofhighschoolgraduatesadmittedtouniversitiesinBritainthirtyyearsago?A)20%orso.B)About15%.C)Above30%.D)Below10%.24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A)theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhighereducationB)BritishemployersdemandanexpansioninenrollmentattheexpenseofqualityC)thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropeancounterpartsD)Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthenearfuture25.WhichofthefollowingistheviewpointoftheTimesnewspaper?A)ExpansioninenrollmentisboundtoaffectthequalityofBritishhighereducation.B)Britishuniversitiesshouldexpandtheirenrollmenttomeettheneedsofindustry.C)Europeanuniversitiescanbettermeettheneedsofthemodernworld.D)Britishuniversitiesshouldhelpfightcompetitiononworldmarkets.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:There’ssimplepremisebehindwhatLarryMyersdoesforaliving:Ifyoucansmellit,youcanfindit.MyersisthefounderofAuburnUniversity’sInstituteforBiologicalDetectionSystems,themaintaskofwhichistochasetheultimateindetectiondevices—anartificialnose.Fornow,thesubjectoftheirresearchislittlemorethanastackofgleamingchipstuckedawayinalaboratorydrawer.Butsoon,suchatoolcouldbehangingfromthebeltsofpolice,arson(纵火)investigatorsandfood-safetyinspectors.Thetechnologythattheyareworkinginwouldsuggestquitereasonablythat,withinthreetofiveyears,we’llhavesomeworkablesensorsreadytouse.Suchdevicesmightfindwideuseinplacesthatattractterrorists.Policecoulddetectdrugs,bodiesandbombshiddenincars,whilefoodinspectorscouldeasilytestfoodandwaterforcontamination.Theimplicationsforrevolutionaryadvancesinpublicsafetyandthefoodindustryareastonishing.Butso,too,arethepossibilitiesforabuse;Suchmachinescoulddeterminewhetherawomanisovulating(排卵),withoutaphysicalexam-orevenherknowledge.OneofthetraditionalprotectorsofAmericanlibertyisthatishasbeenimpossibletosearcheveryone.That’sgettingnottobethecase.ArtificialbiosensorscreatedatAuburnworktotallydifferentlyfromanythingeverseenbefore.AromaScan,forexample,isadesktopmachinebasedonabankofchipssensitivetospecificchemicalsthatevaporateintotheair.Asairissuckedintothemachine,chemicalspassoverthesensorsurfacesandproducechangesintheelectricalcurrentflowingthroughthem.Thosecurrentchangesareloggedintoacomputerthatsortsoutodorsbasedontheirelectricalsignatures.Myerssaystheyexpecttoloadasinglefingernail-sizechipwiththousandsofodorreceptors(感受器)，enoughtocreateasensorthat’snearlyassensitiveasadog’snose.26.Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped?A)Performingphysicalexaminations.B)Locatingplaceswhichattractterrorists.C)Detectingdrugsandwatercontamination.D)Monitoringfoodprocessing.n27.Apotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseis________.A)negligenceofpublicsafetyB)anabuseofpersonalfreedomC)ahazardtophysicalhealthD)athreattoindividualprivacy28.Theword“logged“(Line5,Para.7)mostprobablymeans”________“.A)presetB)enteredC)processedD)simulated29.Toproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluse,itisessential________.A)todevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptorsB)toinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicalsC)todesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmellsD)tofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthrough30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsLarryMyers’worksis________.A)cautiousB)approvingC)suspiciousD)overenthusiasticPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.31.Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion________avarietyofanswers.A)defiesB)magnifiesC)mediatesD)evokes32.Ifyouwanttosetupacompany,youmust________withtheregulationslaiddownbytheauthorities.A)complyB)adhereC)confirmD)accord33.Althoughthereareoccasionaloutbreaksofgunfire,wecanreportthattherebellionhasinthemainbeen________.A)canceledB)destroyedC)suppressedD)restrained34.Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t________theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.A)rectifyB)obligeC)reconcileD)obscuren35.Thepresidentialcandidate________hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.A)enforcedB)enrichedC)intensifiedD)consolidated36.Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe________bythisdevice.A)ignitedB)lightedC)firedD)inspired37.Mikejustdiscoveredthathispassporthad________threemonthsago.A)abolishedB)expiredC)amendedD)constrained38.Franklyspeaking,yourarticleisverygoodexceptforsome________mistakesingrammar.A)obscureB)glaringC)trivialD)rare39.Therewasoncean________ideathattheearthwasflatandmotionless.A)absurdB)intrinsicC)eternalD)offensive40.Certainspeciesdisappearedorbecame________asnewformsarosethatwerebetteradaptedtotheEarth’schangingenvironment.A)feebleB)extinctC)massiveD)extinguished41.His________directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.A)ambiguousB)complicatedC)arbitraryD)intricate42.FranklinD.RooseveltarguedthatthedepressionstemmedfromtheAmericaneconomy’s________flaws.A)underliningB)vulnerableC)vulgarD)underlying43.Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas________intropicalcountries.A)prospectiveB)prevalentC)provocativenD)perpetual44.Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryour________viewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.A)indifferentB)distressingC)optimisticD)pessimistic45.Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe________businessmeninthecompany.A)shrewdestB)sternestC)nastiestD)alertest46.Stopshouting!Ican’thearthefootball________.A)judgmentB)interpretationC)commentaryD)explanation47.TheculturesofChinaandJapanharesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational________.A)engagementB)destinyC)capacityD)temperament48.Everymemberofsocietyhastomakea________tostruggleforthefreedomofthecountry.A)pledgeB)warrantyC)resolveD)guarantee49.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess’________andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.A)hostilityB)indignationC)hospitalityD)humanity50.Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch________tothosewhocompetewell.A)prestigeB)regimeC)superiorityD)legislation51.Asyouhaveseen,thevaluesofanation’scurrencyisa________ofitseconomy.A)reactionB)refectionC)responseD)revelation52.IntheSpringExportCommoditiesFairthe________offinechinaattractedmuchattentionofcustomersfromallovertheworld.A)successionnB)arrayC)stringD)procession53.Weshouldmakeaclear________betweenthetwoscientifictermsforthepurposeofourdiscussion.A)separationB)discriminationC)deviationD)distinction54.TheterroristsmighthaveplantedabombonaplaneinAthens,setto________whenitarrivedinNewYork.A)gooffB)getoffC)comeoffD)carryoff55.Weshouldbeabletodothejobforyouquickly,________yougiveusallthenecessaryinformation.A)incaseB)providedthatC)orelseD)asif56.Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly________familiaritywithtechnology.A)inquestofB)bymeansofC)intermsofD)byvirtueof57.Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere________.A)innowayB)onthecontraryC)atalossD)ofnoavail58.Bysigningtheleasewemadea________topayarentof$150aweek.A)conceptionB)commissionC)commitmentD)confinement59.Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly________byacomputer.A)gradedB)managedC)conductedD)monitored60.Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas________regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.A)virginB)barrenC)voidD)wretchedPartIVCloze(15minutes)nDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag(喷气飞行时差反应).Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductiveandmoreprone__61__makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby__62__ofyour“bodyclock”-asmallclusterofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological__63__.Thebodyclockisdesignedfora__64__rhythmofdaylightanddarkness,sothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenit__65__daylightanddarknessatthewrongtimesinanewtimezone.The__66__ofjetlagoftenpersistfordays__67__theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezoneNowanewanti-jetlagsystemis__68__thatisbasedonproven__69__pioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoore-Edehas__70__apracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone__71__controlledexposuretobrightlight,Thetimezoneshiftiseasytoaccomplishandeliminates__72__ofthediscomfortofjetlag.Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimetoeither__73__oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule__74__lightexposuredependsagreatdealon__75__travelplans.Dataonaspecificflightitinerary(旅行路线)andtheindividual’ssleep__76__areusedtoproduceaTripGuidewith__77__onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight.WhentheTripGuidecalls__78__brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkout-side,ortheweatherisbad,__79__youareonanaeroplane,youcanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylight__80__forarangeofactivitiessuchasreading,watchingTVorworking.61.A)forB)fromC)toD)of62.A)ruptureB)corruptionC)eruptionD)disruption63.A)actionsB)functionsC)reflectionD)behavior64.A)regularB)formalC)continualD)circular65.A)retainsB)encountersC)possessesD)experiences66.A)diseasesB)symptomsC)signsD)defects67.A)whileB)whereasnC)ifD)although68.A)adaptableB)approachableC)availableD)agreeable69.A)broadB)inclusiveC)tentativeD)extensive70.A)devisedB)recognizedC)scrutinizedD)visualized71.A)atB)throughC)inD)as72.A)mostB)leastC)littleD)more73.A)attainB)shedC)retrieveD)seek74.A)onB)withC)forD)in75.A)uniqueB)specificC)complicatedD)peculiar76.A)normB)modeC)patternD)style77.A)directoriesB)instructionsC)specificationsD)commentaries78.A)offB)onC)fornD)up79.A)orB)andC)butD)while80.A)agitationB)spurC)accelerationD)stimulus试卷二PartVIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyoucompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人认为读书要有选择。2.有人认为应当博览群书。3.我的看法。1999年6月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.C2.B3.A4.B5.A6.D7.C8.A9.D10.CS1.formerS2.aimedS3.billionS4.coordinationS5.specialistsS6.grantsS7.addressS8.Theyarelikelytodropoffschool,andlesslikelytosucceedinlife.S9.Theprogram,initiatedbyPresidentClinton,hascomeonthecriticismbyCongress.S10.DozenofcollegesandUniversitiesarepreparedtosendthousandsoftheirstudentsinsupportoftheProgram.PartIIReadingComprehension11.B12.C13.D14.C15.A16.B17.B18.D19.C20.C21.A22.C23.D24.D25.A26.C27.D28.B29.A30.BPartIIIVocabulary31.D32.A33.C34.C35.Dn36.A37.B38.C39.A40.B41.A42.D43.B44.C45.A46.C47.D48.A49.C50.A51.B52.B53.D54.A55.B56.C57.D58.C59.D60.BPartIVCloze61.C62.D63.B64.A65.B66.D67.A68.C69.D70.A71.B72.A73.D74.C75.B76.C77.B78.C79.A80.DPartVWritingReadingelectivelyorextensively?Knowledgeispower.Everybodyknowsit.Themainwayforusstudentstogainknowledgeisfromthebooks.Sosomestudentsarguethatweshouldreadextensivelyinordertoknowsomethingabouteverything,thusbroadeningourknowledgeandenrichingexperience.Asbooksareofdifferentkindsandhavedifferentcontent,sosomestudentsarguethatweshouldreadselectively,thatistoreadthosebookwhichareofbenefitsbothtoourmindandbodyanddismissthosewhichareofnogoodtous.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkweshouldselectivelydoextensivereading.Knowledgeislimitlesswhilelifeisshort.Soweshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodothemosteffectivereadingandmakethegreatesttoourmotherland.1999年6月六级听力原文SectionA1.W:It’sapityyoumissedtheconcertyesterdayevening.Itwaswonderful!M:Ididn’twanttomissthefootballgame.Well,I’mnotaclassicalmusicfananyway.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?2.W:Hey!Ifyoucan’tenjoythatatasensiblevolume,pleaseuseearphones.I’mtryingstudy.M:Oh!I’msorry.Ididn’trealizeitwasbotheringyou.Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?3.M:CanIhelpyou,Ms?W:Yes,Iboughtthistelephonelastweek,anditworksallrightwithout-goingcalls,butitdoesn’tringfortheincomingones.Q:What’stheproblemwiththewoman’stelephone?4.W:IthoughtTomsaidhegotA’sinallhistests.M:Mary,youshouldknowbetterthantotakeTom’swordstooseriously.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?5.W:Canyoushowmehowtousethis,John?M:Itisfullyautomatic.Allyouhavetodoisfocusonthesceneandpressthebuttonhere.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?6.M:Ithinkweshouldmoveontothenextitem.W:Ok.ButI’dliketotakethismatterupagainattheendofthemeeting.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?n7.W:Youknow,theBrownshaveinvestedalltheirmoneyinstocks.M:Theymaythinkthat’sawisemove,butthat’sthelastthingI’ddo.Q:What’stheman’sopinionabouttheBrowns’investment?8.M:WhatisMr.PetersongoingtodowithhisoldhouseonLondonRoad?Rentitorsellit?W:Iheardheisthinkingofturningitintoarestaurant,whichisn’tabadidea,becauseit’sstillasolidbuilding.Q:WhatwillMr.Petersondowithhisoldhouse?9.M:HowdoyoulikeProfessorBachman’scourseontheHistoryofPhilosophy?Heisadistinguishedscholaronthatsubject.W:Heisagreatteacher.ButI’mhavingahardtimewiththereadinglist.IfeelIcan’teverfinishit.Q:Whatproblemdoesthewomanhavewiththecourse?10.W:Robertwantstoknowifhecangowithustotheparty.M:That’sodd.Thismorninghesaidhewantedtogobyhimself.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutRobert?2000年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.During(hepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinetroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Tocancelhistrip.B)Togotobedearly.C)Tocatchalaterflight.D)Toaskforawake-upcall.2.A)Theyhavedifferentopinionsastowhattodonext.B)Theyhavetopayforthehousebyinstallments.C)Theywillfixatelephoneinthebathroom.D)Theman’sattitudeismoresensiblethanthewoman’s.3.A)Shewillsavethestampsfortheman’ssister.B)ShewillnolongergetlettersfromCanada.nC)Shecan’tgivethestampstotheman’ssister.D)Shehasgiventhestampstotheman’sroommates.4.A)VisitingtheBrownings.B)Writingapostcard.C)Lookingforapostcard.D)Fillinginaform.5.A)Themanshouldworkwithsomebodyelse.B)Themanshouldmeethispartner’sneeds.C)Theyshouldcometoacompromise.D)Theyshouldfindabetterlabfortheproject.6.A)Shecan’tfinishherassignment,either.B)Shecan’taffordacomputerrightnow.C)Themancanusehercomputer.D)Themanshouldbuyacomputerrightaway.7.A)Thevisitingeconomisthasgivenseverallectures.B)Theguestlecturer’sopinionisdifferentfromDr.Johnson’s.C)Dr.Johnsonandtheguestspeakerwereschoolmates.D)Dr.Johnsoninvitedtheeconomisttovisittheircollege.8.A)She’sneverwatchedabettergame.B)Footballis-herfavoritepastime.C)Thegamehasbeencanceled.D)Theirteamplayedverybadly.9.A)Themanshouldsticktowhathe’sdoing.B)Themanshouldtakeupanewhobby.C)Themanshouldstopplayingtennis.D)Themanshouldfindthecauseforhisfailure.10.A)Aninventedstory.B)Areallifeexperience.C)Animaginarysituation.D)Aterriblenightmare.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)ThenameofaGermantown;B)AresidentofFrankfurt.C)AkindofGermansausage.D)AkindofGermanbread.12.A)Hesoldfastfood.B)Heraiseddogs.C)HewasAcook.D)HewasaCartoonist.n13.A)BecausetheAmericansfoundtheywerefromGermany.B)Becausepeoplethoughttheycontaineddogmeat.C)Becausepeoplehadtogetusedtotheirtaste.D)Becauseitwastoohottoeatrightaway.Passage2Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theygiveoutfaintcries.B)Theymakenoisestodriveawayinsects.C)Theyextendtheirwaterpipes.D)Theybecomeelasticlikerubberbands.15.A)Quietplants.B)Well-wateredplants.C)Healthyplants.D)Thirstyplants.16.A)Theycoulddrivetheinsectsaway.B)Theycouldkeeptheplantswell-watered.C)Theycouldmaketheplantsgrowfaster.D)Theycouldbuilddevicestotrapinsects.Passage3Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Tolookforadifferentlifestyle.B)Toenjoythemselves.C)Foradventure.D)Foreducation.18.A)Thereare200vehiclesforeverykilometerofroadway.B)Ithasadensepopulation.C)Therearemanymuseumsandpalaces.D)Ithasmanytoweringbuildings.19.A)Itisacityofcontrasts.B)Itpossessesmanyhistoricalsites.C)Itisanimportantindustrialcenter.D)Ithasmanybigandbeautifulparks.20.A)Ithelpsdevelopourpersonalities.B)Itenablesustoacquirefirst-handknowledge.C)Itmakesourlifemoreinteresting.D)Itbringsaboutchangesinourlifestyle.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinetroughthecentre.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.nJerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk(废话)”.Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophes(灾难),yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicaments(困境)ofotherpeople’slives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseveryshowwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow’smaintargetaudiencesaremiddle-classAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime,money,andstabilitytodealwithlife’stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,relationship,sex,moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow’sexploitation.Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightandday,bothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnow.Eachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkshowworld.21.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyare________.A)morefamily-orientedB)unusuallypopularC)moreprofoundD)relativelyformal22.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience________.A)remainfascinatedbythemB)arereadytofaceuptothemC)remainindifferenttothemD)arewillingtogetinvolvedinthem23.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?A)Anewtypeofrobot.B)Racisthatred.C)Familybudgetplanning.D)Streetviolence.24.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth________.A)ironicalB)sensitiveC)instructiveD)cynical25.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows________.A)havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuitB)exploittheweaknessesinhumannatureC)appearatdifferenttimesofthedayD)aretargetedatdifferentaudiencesQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.nNottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent(慈善的)orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!26.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,________.A)thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoneyB)makinggoodsavailableforpurchaseC)thecustomer-centredapproachD)aformofpersuasivesalesmanship27.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?A)Theneedsofthemarket.B)Theefficiencyofproduction.C)Thesatisfactionoftheuser.D)Thepreferencesofthedealer.28.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(Lines3-4,Para.1)means“________”.A)tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoodsB)totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossibleC)todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantitiesD)toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction29.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?A)Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.B)Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.C)Consumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease.D)Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer.30.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson________.A)itsmaincharacteristicB)itssocialimpactC)itspossibleconsequenceD)itstheoreticalbasisQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathy(冷漠)andstagnation(呆滞).Toomuchconflictleadstodivisiveness(分裂)andhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorencomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.31.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis________.A)wrongB)oversimplifiedC)misleadingD)unclear32.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows________.A)theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflictB)therealvalueofconflictC)thedifficultyindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflictD)thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict33.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat________.A)aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganizationB)conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizationsC)differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentwaysD)itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict34.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations________.A)thereisnoendofconflictB)expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouragedC)decisionsmustbejustifiableD)successliesingeneralagreement35.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization________.A)seemtobedifficulttosatisfyB)arefreetoexpressdiverseopinionsC)arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisionsD)finditeasiertoreachagreementQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant-withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn’tit?New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients(营养物)andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit’suptodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastengoodenoughtokeepeating.Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan’tbedigestedatall.Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines(肠)“grab”moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,E,andK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,E,andKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids(类胡萝卜素),compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,E,andKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.36.Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat________.A)containsplentyofnutrientsB)rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitaminsC)makesfoodseasilydigestibleD)makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious37.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe________.A)commerciallyuselessB)justasanticipatedC)somewhatcontroversialD)quiteunexpected38.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat________.A)itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbedB)itfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebodyC)ithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdiseaseD)itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins39.Whatisapossiblenegativeeffectofolestraaccordingtosomecritics?A)Itmayimpairthedigestivesystem.B)Itmayaffecttheoverallfatintake.C)Itmayincreasetheriskofcancer.D)Itmayspoiltheconsumers’appetite.40.Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolestra?A)Itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.B)Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.C)Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.D)Itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C,)andD),ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswernSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Thedoctorsdon’t________thathewilllivemuchlonger.A)articulateB)anticipateC)manifestD)monitor42.Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite________.A)eligibleB)sustainableC)probableD)feasible43.Theoldgentlemanwasavery________lookingperson,withgreyhairandgoldspectacles.A)respectfulB)respectedC)respectiveD)respectable44.Thisbookisexpectedto________thebest-sellerlists.A)promoteB)prevailC)dominateD)exemplify45.Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen________foritsstreetviolence.A)notoriousB)responsibleC)historicalD)illegal46.Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat________bysteam.A)towedB)pressedC)tossedD)propelled47.Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,________themselves.A)expandingB)stretchingC)prolongingD)extending48.England’steam,whoarenowsuperblyfit,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto________themselvesforlastyear’sdefeat.A)reviveB)retortC)revengeD)remedy49.Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto________awayalltherocks.A)haulB)transfernC)repelD)dispose50.Ittookusonlyafewhoursto________thepaperoffallfourwalls.A)shearB)scrapeC)strokeD)chip51.Thefamousscientist________hissuccesstohardwork.A)impartedB)grantedC)ascribedD)acknowledged52.Itisdifficultto________ofaplantoendpoverty.A)speculateB)conceiveC)ponderD)reckon53.Nowthecheersandapplause________inasinglesustainedroar.A)mingledB)concentratedC)assembledD)permeated54.Improvedconsumerconfidenceis________toaneconomicrecovery.A)crucialB)subordinateC)cumulativeD)satisfactory55.Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan________andorderlyfashion.A)incredibleB)intricateC)internalD)initial56.Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery________.A)waxyB)slipperyC)stickyD)greasy57.Thedamagetohiscarwas________;therefore,hecouldrepairithimself.A)considerableB)appreciableC)negligibleD)invisible58.Mysisterisquite________andplanstogetanM.A.degreewithinoneyear.A)aggressivenB)enthusiasticC)considerateD)ambitious59.Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas________detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.A)versatileB)trivialC)preliminaryD)alternate60.His________wastellinghimthatsomethingwaswrong.A)intuitionB)hypothesisC)inspirationD)sentiment61.Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant________ofAmericanlife.A)fashionsB)frontiersC)facetsD)formats62.Parentsoftenfacedthe________betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.A)paradoxB)junctionC)dilemmaD)premise63.Clarkfeltthathis________inoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.A)apprehensionB)appreciationC)presentationD)participation64.Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,MissKingiscertainlyonthe________ofabrilliantcareer.A)thresholdB)edgeC)porchD)course65.The________lawyermadeagreatimpressiononthejury.A)protectingB)guardingC)defendingD)shielding66.Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery________.A)dimB)obscureC)conspicuousD)intelligiblen67.Thismovieisnot________forchildrentosee:itcontainstoomuchviolenceandtoomanylovescenes.A)profoundB)validC)decentD)upright68.Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it________intofragments.A)brokeoffB)brokeawayC)brokethroughD)brokeup69.Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto________themysteriousmurder.A)comethroughB)lookintoC)makeoverD)seeto70.Sadly,theGiantPandaisoneofthemanyspeciesnowindangerof________.A)extinctionB)migrationC)destructionD)extraction试卷二PartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedanddeveloped.Nowhehadthecapabilitytoleavethatplanet(71)andmoveoutintotheuniversetothoseworldswhichhehasknownpreviouslyonlydirectly.Menhaveexploredpartsof(72)themoon,putspaceshipsinorbitaroundanotherplanetandpossiblywithinthedecadewilllandintoanotherplanetand(73)exploreit.Canwebetooboldastosuggestthatwemaybe(74)abletocolonizeotherplanetwithinthenot—too—distant(75)future?Somehaveadvocatedsuchaprocedureasasolutiontothepopulationproblem.shiptheexcesspeopleofftothemoon.Butwemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswe(76)mightspendincarryingouttheproject.Tomaintaintheearth’spopulationatitspresentlevel.wewouldhavetoblastoffintospace7,500peopleeveryhourofeverydayoftheyear.Whyarewespendingsolittlemoneyonspace(77)exploration?Considerthegreatneedforimprovingmany(78)aspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcesthattheyarepoured(79)intothespaceexplorationefforts.Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghasty(80)conclusions.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:WTForthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinancemynCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种途径解决。2.那种途径适合我(说明理由)HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation2000年1月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.D2.A3.C4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.A10.C11.C12.C13.B14.A15.D16.D17.D18.C19.A20.BPartIIReadingComprehension21.B22.A23.C24.C25.D26.C27.B28.A29.D30.A31.B32.C33.A34.D35.B36.D37.D38.A39.C40.BPartIIIVocabulary41.B42.D43.D44.C45.A46.D47.B48.C49.A50.B51.C52.B53.A54.A55.B56.D57.C58.D59.B60.A61.C62.C63.D64.A65.C66.B67.C68.D69.B70.APartIVErrorCorrection71.had→has72.directly→indirectly73.into→onto/on74.too→so75.planet→planets76.head→mind77.little→much78.consider→considering79.they→/(删)80.arriving→arrivingat(或reaching)PartVWritingHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducationWiththerapiddevelopmentofhighereducationinChina,andmorehighschoolgraduatesadmitted,universitiescannnolongerbefinancedexclusivelybythegovernmentandstudentsmustpayatleastpartlyfortheirschooling.Therearevariouswaysforastudenttopayhistuitionandfees.Tobeginwith,ifthestudentisquiteexcellentinhisstudies,hecanapplyforscholarship.Secondly,especiallyinChina,hecanalwaysdependonhisparentsforallkindsofexpenditure,includinglivingallowances.Then,hecanchoosetoturntothebankforaloantopayhiswaythroughuniversity,whichhecanrepayaftergraduation.Ifhefindsalltheabovenotdesirable,hestillhadanotherroadtotake-todoapart-timejobandworkhiswaythrough.Inmycase,Iamfortunateenoughtobebornintoawell-to-dofamilyandhavenodifficultyhavingmyparentspayforallmyfees.Butasacollegestudent,Idislikeatotallydependentexistence,soIamworkingpart-timeasanewspaper-boytohelpsupportmyself.AndIamalsostudyinghard,hopingtowinsomescholarshiporawardsonedaysothatIcanbewhollyself-reliantandindependent.2000年1月六级听力原文SectionA1.M:IhopeIwon’toversleep.I’vesimplygottocatchthefirstflighttoNewYork.W:IfIwereyou,I’drequestthewake-upcallfromthehotelreception.Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?2.M:Next,shouldn’twegetatelephoneinstalledinthehall?W:Fixingtheshowerpipeisfarmoreimportant.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.M:I’venoticedthatyougetlettersformCanadafromtimetotime.Wouldyoumindsavingthestampsforme?Mysistercollectsthem.W:Myroommatealreadyaskedforthem.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.M:What’sthematter?You’vebeensittingthereforages,juststaringintospace.W:ItoldtheBrowningsI’dsendthemapostcard.NowIdon’tknowwhattosay.Q:What’sthewomandoing?5.M:Mychemistryprojectisintrouble.MypartnerandIhavetotallydifferentideasabouthowtoproceed.W:Youshouldtrytomeeteachotherhalfway.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?6.M:I’mfrustrated.We’resupposedtodoourassignmentonthecomputer,butIhavedifficultygettingaccesstothecomputersinthelibrary.W:Iunderstandthewayyoufeel.I’mlookingforwardtothedaywhenIcanaffordtogetmyown.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.M:Thevisitingeconomistisspeakingtonight,butDr.Johnsondoesn’tseemtothinkmuchofhim.W:That’sbecauseDr.Johnsoncomesfromanentirelydifferentschoolofthought.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthewoman’sremark?8.M:I’msorryImissedthefootballgame,butIhadaterriblecold.W:Youdidn’tmissanything.Wecouldn’thaveplayedworse.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?9.M:IthinkI’mgoingtogiveupplayingtennis.Ilostagaintoday.W:Justbecauseyoulost?Itthatthereasontoquit?Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?10.M:Jane,whatwouldyoudoifyouwereonvacationoverseasandlostallyourmoneyandcreditcards?W:Well,IguessI’dprobablysellmywatchandcamera...OrImightgetajobasawaitresssomewheretillImadenenoughmoneytobuyaplanetickettoreturnhome.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?SectionBPassage1Mostpeopleknowwhatahotdogis.It’sasausageinaroll.Butdoyouknowwhyit’scalledahotdog?Well,thelongredsausagewhichgoesintoahotdogiscalledaFrankfurter.ItgotitsnamefromtheGermantownFrankfurt.Thesausageswereverypopular,buthotfrankfurtersweredifficulttosellincrowds.Oneman,HarryStevens,hadthejoboffeedingthecrowdsinbaseballgames.Hehadanidea.Whynotputthefrankfurtersinlong,hotbreadrolls?Thismadethemeasytosell.The“redhot”hadahotandattractivetasteandbecameverypopular.Butin1903,anAmericancartoonistdrewalongGermansausagedoginplaceofthefrankfurtersoafrankfurterinarollsoonbecameknownasa“hotdog”.Itwasajoke,butsomepeoplereallythoughtthesausagescontaineddogmeat.Forawhile,salesofhotdogsfailed,butnotforlong.11.Whatisafrankfurter?12.WhatwasHarryStevens’job?13.Whydidsalesofhotdogsdecreaseforsometime?Passage2Weallscreamforwaterwhenthirsty,butdoyouknowinveryhot,dryweather,plantsalsomakefaintsounds—asiftheyarecryingoutforhelp?Yousee,inaplant’sstemtherearehundredsof“waterpipes”thatbringwaterandmineralsfromthesoilallthewayuptotheleaves.Asthegroundturnsdry,itbecomesharderandharderfortheplantstodothis.Inseveredroughts,plantshavetofighttopulloutanywateravailable.ScientistRobertwinterhasfoundoutthatwhenitisreallybadtheirwaterpipessnapfromthetensionlikerubberbands.Whenthathappens,thewholeplantvibratesalittle.Thesnappingpipesmakenoisestenthousandtimesmorequietthanawhisper.Robertknowsthathealthy,well-wateredplantsarequiet.Healsoknowsthatmanyinsectspreferattackingdryplantsratherthanhealthyplants.Howdotheinsectsknowwhicharehealthyplantsandwhicharenot?Robertthinksthattheinsectsmaylistenfortheplantsthatcryandthentheymaybuzzintokill.Totesthistheory,Robertisusingadevicethatcanimitateplantcries.Heattachesittoaquiet,healthyplantsotheplantsoundsthirsty.Thenhewatchesinsectstoseeiftheyattackmoreoftenthanusual.Ifheisright,scientistscouldusetheinsects’abilityagainstthem.Theycouldbuildtrapsthatimitatecryingplants.Sowhentheinsectsbuzzintoeat,theywon’tbuzzout.14.Whatdoplantsdowhentheyarethirsty?15.Whatplantsdomanyinsectstendtoattack?16.WhatcouldscientistsdoifRobert’stheoryprovestobetrue?Passage3Peopleenjoytakingtrips,butwhatarethereasonstheyleavehome?Onereasonisforeducation.Peopletravelbecausetheywanttobroadentheirhorizonstolearnaboutotherpeopleandotherplaces.Theyarecuriousaboutothercultures.Whenpeoplearetourists,theygetaquicklookatdifferentwaysofliving.Evenashortlookatanotherkindoflifestyleisanimportantlesson.Onatrip,apersoncanlearndirectly—byvisitingmuseumsandhistoricspots.Whatdoesatouristlearnwhoseestheartmuseums,visitsthehistoricalpalacesandotherscenicspotsinParis,andshopsalongtheRiverSeine?Hegetsavividpicture—areal-life—oneoftheFrenchpeople.Helearnsabouttheirattitudes,howtheyfeelaboutbusiness,beautyandhistory.WhataboutthetouristwhogoestoHongKong?Doeshegetthesameinformationthathecouldgetfromabook?hemightreadthatHongKongiscrowded,thatthereislessthan200squaremetersofspaceforeachperson,butseeingandfeelingthelackofspacewillimpresshimmuchmore.Hemightreadthattherearenearly200vehiclesforeverynkilometerofroadway,butthesightofsomanyvehiclesparkedalongtheroadsidewillbeamuchmorevividlesson.ThetouristtoHongKongwillneverforgetthecontrasts—thestraightverticallinesofthetallmodernbuildingsandthemovinglinesofboatsthatpeoplelivein.17.Whydopeopleleavehometotravelaccordingtothepassage?18.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutParis?19.WhatimpressionwillatouristgetofHongKong?20.Whatdoesthepassagetellusabouttravelling?2000年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hoursD)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingleasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Buysometraveller’schecks.B)Borrowsomemoneyfromafriend.C)Checkthebrakesandtires.D)Spendsometimetravelling.2.A)Heisveryforgivingandtolerant.B)Heprobablyhasapoormemory.C)Heiswelllikedbyhiscustomers.D)Hehasbeenintroducedtothestaff.3.A)Hethinksthebookshouldincludemoreinformation.B)Hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytoprovidetheanswers.C)Theanswerswillbeaddedinalateredition.D)Thebookdoesincludetheanswers.4.A)Announceappealsforpublicservice.B)Holdacharityconcerttoraisemoney.C)Asktheschoolradiostationforhelp.D)Poolmoneytofundtheradiostation.5.A)Shetalkedwiththeconsultantaboutthenewprogramuntiltwo.B)Shecouldn’ttalktotheconsultantbeforetwo.nC)Shewouldtalktotheconsultantduringlunch.D)Shecouldn’tcontacttheconsultant’ssecretary.6.A)Theyareequallycompetentforthejob.B)Theybothgraduatedfromartschools.C)Theymajoredindifferentareasofart.D)Theyarebothwillingtodrawtheposters.7.A)Atabookstore.B)Atanartmuseum.C)Atanewspaperoffice.D)Atagymnasium.8.A)ThewomanreceivedaphonecallfromMarkyesterday.B)ThemaninjuredMarkinatrafficaccidentyesterday.C)Themanmetafriendbychance.D)ThewomancontactedMarkonbusiness.9.A)Themanshouldstayupandwatchtheprogram.B)Themanshouldreadsomethingexcitinginstead.C)Themanshouldgotobedateleven.D)Themanshouldgiveupwatchingthemovie.10.A)Studentswithalibrarycardcancheckanybookout.B)Referencebooksarenotallowedtobecheckedout.C)Onlystudentswithalibrarycardcancheckoutreferencebooks.D)Thenumberofbooksastudentcancheckoutisunlimited.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Tofindoutwhethertheytakemusiclessonsintheirsparetime.B)Tofindoutwhethertheycannamefourdifferentmusicalinstruments.C)Tofindoutwhethertheyenjoyplayingmusicalinstrumentsinschool.D)Tofindoutwhethertheydifferintheirpreferenceformusicalinstruments.12.A)Theyfindthemtoohardtoplay.B)Theythinkitsillytoplaythem.C)Theyfinditnotchallengingenoughtoplaythem.D)Theyconsideritimportanttobedifferentfromgirls.13.A)Childrenwhohaveprivatemusictutors.B)Childrenwhoare8orolder.C)Childrenwhoarebetween5and7.D)Childrenwhoarewell-educated.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Becausethereweren’tanyprofessionalteamsintheU.S.then.B)BecausePelehadn’tretiredfromtheBrazilianNationalTeamyet.nC)Becausethisfast-movingsportwasn’tfamiliartomanyAmericans.D)Becausegoodprofessionalplayersreceivedlowsalaries.15.A)Whenithasalargenumberoffans.B)Whenitplaysathome.C)Whenithasmanyinternationalstarsplayingforit.D)Whenthefanscheerenthusiasticallyforit.16.A)Itwasn’tamongthetopfourteams.B)Itdidn’tplayaswellasexpected.C)ItwontheWorldCup.D)Itplacedfourth.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)StudentsfromAmerica.B)StudentsfromEngland.C)StudentsfromAustralia.D)StudentsfromJapan.18.A)Thosewhoknowhowtoprogramcomputers.B)Thosewhogetspecialaidfromtheirteachers.C)Thosewhoareveryhardworking.D)Thosewhohavewell-educatedparents.19.A)JapanesestudentsstudymuchharderthanColumbianstudents.B)ColumbianstudentsscorehigherthanJapanesestudentsinmaths.C)Columbianstudentsaremoreoptimisticabouttheirmathsskills.D)Japanesestudentshavebetterconditionsforstudy.20.A)Physics.B)Mathematics.C)Environmentalscience.D)Lifescience.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwasnsubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(杂交)grain,andfertilizers.21.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?A)TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.B)Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.C)ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.D)TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.22.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas________.A)toincreasefarmproductionB)toestablishagriculturallawsC)topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptD)topromotethemechanizationofagriculture23.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto________.A)reducetheirscaleofproductionB)makefulluseoftheirlandC)adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsD)beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction24.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct________.A)mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproductsB)didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowerC)wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmersD)benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers25.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat________.A)reducingthecostoffarmingB)conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenationC)loweringtheburdenoffarmersD)helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayersPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandntransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.Rightnow,theoptionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.26.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday________.A)arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobjectB)areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehaviorC)arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’sD)stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage27.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom________.A)theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjectsB)thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprogramsC)theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchildD)theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells28.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto________.A)findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputersB)buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitchesC)findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnatureD)separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought29.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?A)Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.B)It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.C)It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.D)Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.30.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?A)Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.B)Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.C)Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.D)Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:CarsaccountforhalftheoilconsumedintheU.S.,abouthalftheurbanpollutionandonefourththegreenhouse(温室)gases.Theytakeasimilartollof(损耗)resourcesinotherindustrialnationsandinthecitiesofthedevelopingworld.Asvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecomingdecade,theU.S.andothercountrieswillhavetodealwiththeseissuesorelsefaceunacceptableeconomic,health-relatedandpoliticalcosts.ItisunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthatothernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimaticchange.nPolicymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicleuse,increasetheefficiencyandreducetheemissionsofconventionalgasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmfulfuels,orfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticulartheintroductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—isultimatelytheonlysustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheorybutinpracticeareeitherimpracticalorofferonlymarginalimprovements.Forexample,reducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostofsocialandenvironmentalproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworldsuggeststhatitisverydifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificantextent.IntheU.S.,mass-transitridershipandcarpooling(合伙用车)havedeclinedsinceWorldWarII.EveninWesternEurope,withfuelpricesaveragingmorethan$1aliter(about$4agallon)andwitheasilyaccessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,carsstillaccountfor80percentofallpassengertravel.Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealing,butautomotivefueleconomyhasbarelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuelssuchasnaturalgas,burnedininternal-combustionengines,couldbeintroducedatrelativelylowcost,buttheywouldleadtoonlymarginalreductionsinpollutionandgreenhouseemissions(especiallybecauseoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarseveryyeartodeveloplesspollutingtypesofgasoline).31.Fromthepassageweknowthattheincreaseduseofcarswill________.A)consumehalfoftheoilproducedintheworldB)haveseriousconsequencesforthewell-beingofallnationsC)widenthegapbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountriesD)imposeanintolerableeconomicburdenonresidentsoflargecities32.TheU.S.hastodealwiththeproblemsarisingfromvehicleusebecause________.A)mostAmericansarereluctanttoswitchtopublictransportationsystemsB)thepresentlevelofoilpricesisconsideredunacceptableC)othercountrieswillprotestitsincreasinggreenhouseemissionsD)itshouldtakealeadinconservingnaturalresources33.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontotheproblemsmentionedinthepassage?A)Thedesigningofhighlyefficientcarengines.B)Areductionofvehicleuseincities.C)Thedevelopmentofelectriccars.D)Theuseoflesspollutingfuels.34.Whichofthefollowingispracticalbutonlymakesamarginalcontributiontosolvingtheproblemofgreenhouseemissions?A)Theuseoffuelsotherthangasoline.B)Improvedenergyefficiency.C)Theintroductionoflesspollutingdrivingsystems.D)Reducingcarusebycarpooling.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A)ThedeclineofpublictransportationaccountsforincreasedcaruseinWesternEurope.B)CarsarepopularinWesternEuropeeventhoughfuelpricesarefairlyhigh.C)ThereductionofvehicleuseistheonlysustainableoptionindenselypopulatedWesternEurope.D)WesternEuropeanoilcompaniescannotsustainthecostofdevelopingnew-typefuels.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled“footwearforyuppies(雅皮士,少壮高薪职业人士)”.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics(健身操)orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingnboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket(高档消费人群的)retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.36.OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon’tliketheirshoestobecalled“footwearforyuppies”isthat________.A)theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroupsB)newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoesC)“yuppies”usuallyevokesanegativeimageD)thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices37.Reebok’sviewthat“consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat________.A)thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingitB)thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributorsC)thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellitD)consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores38.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause________.A)itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemandB)toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofitsC)thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarketD)itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts39.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it________.A)doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetworkB)stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostoresC)isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproductsD)stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts40.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?A)Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.B)Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.C)Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.D)Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),nC)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost________andbeneficialformofcare.A)pertinentB)appropriateC)acuteD)persistent42.Amongallthechangesresultingfromthe________entryofwomenintotheworkforce,thetransformationthathasoccurredinthewomenthemselvesisnottheleastimportant.A)massiveB)quantitativeC)surplusD)formidable43.Mr.Smithbecamevery________whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.A)ingeniousB)empiricalC)objectiveD)indignant44.Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto________ones.A)turbulentB)tragicC)vulnerableD)suspicious45.The________cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.A)incompatibleB)exceedingC)instantaneousD)eternal46.Sheremainsconfidentand________untroubledbyourpresentproblems.A)indefinitelyB)infinitelyC)optimisticallyD)seemingly47.Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations________.A)simultaneouslyB)spontaneouslyC)homogeneouslyD)contemporarily48.Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe________.A)vainB)vicinityC)courtD)jail49.Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor________ineveryfamily’sbudget.A)nutritionnB)expenditureC)routineD)provicion50.LkwapaperinSchencearguesthatorginicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom________onearôhratherthanbacteriaonMars.A)configura|ionB)consuitutionC)condemnationD)coltamination51*ThereismuchMenjoyaboutthechangingsåasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe________fòomfalltowinter.A)transmissionB)transformathonC)transitionD)trans&er52.Ithinkweneedtoseeaîinvestment________befopewemakuanexpensivemistake.A)guédeÂ)EntrepreoeurC)consultantD)assessor53.The________onthisapartmentexpiresinayear’stime.A)treatyB)leaseC)engagementD)subsidy54.TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate________.A)pensionsB)earningsC)salariesD)donations55.Thereissupposedtobeasafety________whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.A)applianceB)accessoryC)machineD)mechanism56.Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally________.A)deterioratedB)dispersedC)dissipatedD)drained57.Noonecanfunctionproperlyiftheyare________ofadequatesleep.A)deprivedB)rippedC)strippedD)contrivedn58.Foryearsnow,thepeopleofthatfarawaycountryhavebeencruelly________byadictator.A)depressedB)immersedC)oppressedD)cursed59.Eversincetheriseofindustrialism,educationhasbeen________towardsproducingworkers.A)harnessedB)hatchedC)motivatedD)geared60.Theprospectofincreasedpriceshasalready________worries.A)provokedB)irritatedC)inspiredD)hoisted61.Thesuspect________thathehadnotbeenintheneighbourhoodatthetimeofthecrime.A)advocatedB)allegedC)addressedD)announced62.Althoughthecolonists________tosomeextentwiththeNativeAmericans,theIndians’influenceonAmericancultureandlanguagewasnotextensive.A)migratedB)matchedC)mingledD)melted63.E-mailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessagesthat________welltohumanneeds.A)adheresB)reflectsC)conformsD)satisfies64.Thewingsofthebirdstill________afterithadbeenshotdown.A)slappedB)scratchedC)flappedD)fluctuated65.Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously________relationsbetweenthetwocountries.A)tumbleB)jeopardizeC)manipulateD)intimidate66.Whenyouputupwallpaper,shouldyou________theedgesorputthemnexttoeachother?A)coincideB)extendnC)overlapD)collide67.Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust________allprofitstothegovernment.A)turndownB)turnupC)turnoutD)turnin68.OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing________.A)laidoutB)laidoffC)laiddownD)laidaside69.We’ll________youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.A)compensateB)remedyC)supplementD)retrieve70.Shecutherhairshortandtriedto________herselfasaman.A)decorateB)disguiseC)fabricateD)fakePartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Whenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmannersyouimmediatelystartmeetingdifficulties.Manypeoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersononthewaythey(71)occupiedthespacearoundthem—forexample,whensuchapersonwalksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareof(72)others.Suchpeopleneverbumpintootherpeople.However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.Instead,this(73)otherpersontoldusastory,ithesaidwasquitewellknown,(74)aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealat(75)oneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.TheAmericanhasn’t(76)beentoldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemightexpect.IfhehadknownaboutAmericanfood,hemighthavebehaved(77)better.Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked,tohim,verymuchasanapkin(餐巾）Pickingit(78)up,heputitintohiscollar,sothatitfallsacrosshisshirt.(79)HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching,saidofnothing,but(80)immediatelycopiedtheactionofhisguest.Andthat,saidthissecondperson,wasafineexampleofgoodmanners.nPartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?Thefirstsentencehasalreadybeenwrittenforyou.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.很多人认为有必要举行口语考试，理由是••••••2.也有人持不同的意见，••••••3.我的看法和打算IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).2000年6月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.D2.B3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.C9.D10.B11.D12.A13.B14.C15.B16.A17.A18.D19.C20.APartIIReadingComprehension21.B22.C23.D24.D25.D26.D27.B28.C29.B30.D31.B32.C33.C34.B35.B36.A37.D38.A39.C40.DPartIIIVocabulary41.B42.A43.D44.A45.D46.C47.A48.B49.B50.B51.C52.C53.B54.A55.D56.D57.A58.C59.D60.A61.B62.C63.C64.C65.B66.C67.C68.B69.A70.BPartIVErrorCorrection71.on→by72.unaware→aware73.as→than74.it→which75.at→in76.hasn’t→hadn’t77.American→Arab78.as→like79.falls→felln80.of→/PartVWritingIsaTestofspokenEnglishNecessary?AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).Wehavealltaken,andarethusfamiliarwith,Englishtestsofmanykinds,butsofarmostofthemarewrittenones.HaveyouanyideaofwhataspokenEnglishtestwillbelike,andisitnecessarytogotoallthetroubletoholdortakesuchatest?Peopledifferintheiranswers.Manypeoplewillthinkitnecessary.Theyknowthatalthoughtheyhavetakendozens,evenhundreds,ofEnglishtestseversincetheystartedlearningitandmanyevenhavegotsurprisinglyhighmarks,fewofthemcanexpressthemselvesfreelyinspokenEnglish,andifpeoplecan’tspeakawordofit,what’sthesenseoflearningitandwhatdothosehighmarksmean?—They’renonebutdeaf-and-mutesbeforethenativespeakers.Furthermore,withsomanycollegegraduatesandundergraduateshavingmutesbeforethenativespeakers.Furthermore,withsomanycollegegraduatesandundergraduateshavingpassedCET4andCET6,atestofspokenEnglishisafurtherwaytotelltheexcellentfromthenotsoexcellent.Finally,itisviewedasanewchallengetothosewho“liveandlearn”.Thereare,however,alsopeoplewhothinkdifferently.Besidesthepainsinpreparationforsuchanewkindoftest,thereisalsotheuncertaintyaboutthereliabilityandobjectivityofthemarkingsystem,whichmaydependmainlyonhuman(andthussubjective)scoringinsteadofonmachinescoring,asinthecaseofastandardizedobjectivetestsuchasCET4andCET6.Attheprospectofthisoptionaltest,Ifeelencouragedandregarditasawelcomechallengeandanotheropportunitytoimprovemylanguageabilityandcareerpotentials.IamdeterminedtopracticemyoralEnglishmoreoften,andifIamqualifiedforsuchatest,Iwillnothesitateamomenttoapplyforit.2000年6月六级答案详解PartIListeningComprehension1.答案为D本题测试点:要点归纳及句意推论。“checkbrakesandtires”，“enoughmoney”及“I’msureit’sgoingtobeawonderfultrip”等都与“trip”有关。2.答案为B本题测试点:同义转换:alittleforgetful=apoormemory.3.答案为D本题测试点:省略句“Butitdoes”在上下文中的完整意义是“Butthebookdoesincludeanswerstothequestions.”,需对对话双方话语理解，概括。4.答案为C本题测试点:特殊省略问句Howabout...的功能意念:通常是一种建议。5.答案为B本题测试点:until句型及要点是归纳:Icontactedthisoffice,but...6.答案为A本题测试点:短语makedifference及修辞问句“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”的功能意念:=Imakesnodifference=Thereisnodifference.7.答案为C本题测试点:(工作)地点判断，关键词:“sportspage”，“editorials”等。8.答案为C本题测试点:信息归纳:①“Themanraninto(=metbychance)afriend(make)yesterdayinthestreets.”②“Markhasn’tgotanyphonesorlettersfromthewoman.”③“Thewomanhasbeenbusyinthepast2months.”选①为本题答案所需的信息。9.答案为D本题测试点:虚拟语气的功能意念:题中IfIwereyou,I’d...表示一种婉转的建议。—skipthemovie,因为①“webothhavetogetupearlytomorrow”②“themovieisn’tnecessarilyexciting”10.答案为B本题测试点:关键要点辨认:Wecancheckoutasmanybooksasweneedbutcan’tcheckoutanyreferencebooks.PartIIReadingComprehension本文是一篇论述20世纪二、三十年代美国农业所面临的困境及美国政府采取的种种措施帮助农业摆脱困境的说明文，全文三段，第一段为背景辅垫:n美国农业面临的困境及其原因和对农民的灾难性后果；第二、三段为主体，美国政府振兴农业的措施，尤以第三段为重点，三十年代罗斯福总统执政后采取的通过立法手段恢复农业经济的两个阶段的措施，前一阶段通过AAA法案直接减少耕地面积，并给农民有偿补助；第二阶段在AAA被最高法院认定为违宪后通过一系列殊途同归的基于耕地保养原则的削减耕地、洪涝挽救措施。21.答案为B本题属要点归纳题，问及引起美国农产品需求量走下坡路的原因，答案当在第一段第一句:句中“as”即是这因果关系的关键词。A只是使这一现象加重的原因，C、D则明显与短文内容相悖。22.答案为C要点定位理解题。根据题意，本题答案必须从第二段确定政府采取直接干预农业供求矛盾，原则以为农民提供更大的经济稳定性，也即预防农民破产。选项B属第三段内容，A和D明显有悖文章内容。23.答案为D本题也属要点归纳题。答案在短文第三段第三、四句，选项B、C均属政府行为，而非鼓励农民自己运河做的事。D与短文要点相运河甚远，self-sufficient只在第一段提到。24.答案为D本题也属要点归纳题。根据题意，确定答案在第三段第五句(nothegroundsthat...)部分，再可结合该段倒数第二句，从另一角度论证答案D的合理性。A中scarcityoffarmproducts在上一句，不属本题要点范围，B、C明显不合理。25.答案为D要点归纳定位题。根据newlaws,可确定本题问题指向第三段第二个层次。归纳该层次要点再结合24题答案，即可明确答案为D.选项B虽也似乎正确，但与本文主题关系较疏远，故不选。本文为一篇关于人工智能研究开发的说明文。第一段通过五十年代人工智能先驱们的预言与当今现实脱节这一事实提出人工智能研究开发所面临的问题，第二段前2句论及这一问题的症结:trytoseparatethemostabstractlevelsofthoughtandduplicatethemwithlogicalprograms.从第三句开始进入全文的核心:崭新的人工智能研究设想:把人工智能的研究与天然智能的进化、人脑生物细胞蛋白质、人脑的神经系统研究结合起来。第三段论述了电脑—生物物理学家Conrad对自己这方面研究的评论、发现、启示和设想。最后一段为对这一全新的人工智能研究开发方法的评论与总结，其中自然隐含着作者的观点与态度。26.答案为D要点归纳题。根据题意确定答案在第一段第二、三句。注意选项A中“arecapableofreliablyrecognizing...”与短文中“struggletoreliablyrecognize...”(努力、竭力、试图)是不一致的，故不能选；更多的考生可能会误选C,但①在效能(performance)上，当天电脑与50年代的电脑相距是非常大的；②本文探讨的是人工智能，而非电脑的一般效能，故选题时要紧扣短文主题。27.答案为B要点推论题。人工智能研究开发为什么会开辟一条全新的途径，一定是研究中碰到了难以逾越的障碍，这就是传统研究方法上的误区，也即第二段之第一、二句。28.答案为C要点推论题。根据题意确定答案在第三段根据Conrad对自己研究的评述(says)，研究中的发现(examples)，假设(believe)与断言(claim)，可归纳推断他们是在天然智能如何发展这一方面的研究中做了巨大的努力。29.答案为B作者观点态度推论题。如前所述，文章最后一段为作者对人工智能研究新方法的总结，其中隐含着作者的观点，另外短文第二段最后一句中“promising”、“surely”、第三段第一句中“ahugestepintherightdirection...”等都流露了作者的态度一作者对新的人工智能研究运动是非常肯定的。选项A中的“willsoondieout”，C中的“likeagameratherthan”及D中“nobodyissure”等均含否定意念，不能作为答案。 30.答案为D词语理解题。阅读中词语的理解也不能脱离短文主题:game一词有游戏、竞赛方法规则、策略、计谋、方针对行动步骤等多种释义，D是短语的简单改写，不可能作为答案，B重点在获奖也与短文内容相运河甚远，也应排除。容易混淆的是选项C,只是C侧重研究领域，即范围，而本文主题讨论研究方法即途径。本文为一篇论及(美国)私人轿车环境影响的说明文，第一段提出了问题的严惩性与迫切性—尤其对于美国；第二、三段论及决策者及汽车工业面临的四大选择及对它们可行性的评价，作者基本肯定了其中的第四个方案，即引入电气汽车(寻找污染较短的绿色驱动系统)。31.答案为B要点归纳题—第一段落主题。选项A、C和D均仅涉及问题的某个方面，只有B代表了私人轿车继续增长的真正后果。32.答案为C要点推论题。根据第一段最后一句“Itisunlikely...thatothernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimaticchange”，再结合上文论及轿车问题和“face...politicalcost”等细节，可推知答案。n33.答案为C要点定位题。根据题干中的“solution”可确定答案在第二段，又根据“best”可进一步确定答案在该段第二句“...istheonlysustainable(可持续)option”。34.答案为B要点正误判断题。要点判断各选项涉及内容可能在短文的任何地方，但正确答案通常仍应与主题一致。A之因果关系与短文内容(第二段倒数第二句)不一致；C与短文内容(第二段最后一句及第一、二句)相矛盾；D也非短文最后一句之本意。本文是关于Reebok鞋业公司营销策略的一篇说明文。第一段概述(通过管理层之口)其公司产品的目标市场；第二段论及其对高档消费人群这一块零售市场的营销策略；第三段论及营销策略的另一方面—精选批发商；最后一段谈市场预测及营销决策。36.答案为A要点推论题。题干中的“managerialpersonnel”即为第一段的executives,因此可知本题答案在第一段且为该段之主题:目标市为多大，高层领导们当然不希望自己的产品仅供应一些雅皮士，再由下文之“children’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingforoldercustomers”更可知其目标消费是多高层次的。容易错选的选项B侧重公司的生产策略，故不妥。37.答案为D句意理解及要点暗示题。题干引号中那部分在第二段，答案当然应在第二段，而该段主要论及高档消费群体的零售网—只在精品专卖屋、体育用品专卖店及大百货商场销售。38.答案为A要点归纳题。根据题干中“limitthenumberofdistributions”确定答案在第三段该段论及即使产品供不应求时，也要对批发商有所选择，而过运河一段时间对批发商数量的限制主要是“outofnecessity”(迫不得已)，因为需求量出乎意料地超过了供应能力。39.答案为C要点理解定位题。题干中的“although”与短文第三段倒数第二句之“but”相呼应，答案即为该句的复述。40.答案为D要点推论题。Nike(耐克)一词确定答案位置在最后一段，市场预测与决策。Nike公司正是由于当时错误地判断了健身鞋流行的强度而导致了老产品(runningshoes)的积压而不得不打折销售一这是市场预测不准确所导致的。PartIIVocabulary41.[译文]对许多病人来说，医院的正规护理是一种最合适、最有益的护理方式。答案为B本题测试形容词语义理解，其中A和C又有近形干扰。A)pertinent相关的(=relevant)；B)appropriate合适的，恰当的；C)persistent坚持不懈的，作用持久的；D)acute尖锐的、敏锐的；剧烈的(疼痛)。42.[译文]在妇女大规模进入劳动大军所引起的变化中，发生在妇女自己身上的变化绝不是不重要的。答案为A本题测试，形容词与名词的语义搭配。A)大规模的，大量的；B)量方面的(与qualitative相对)；C)surplus过剩的；D)formidable可怕的，令人生畏的。43.[译文]史密斯先生在有人暗示他犯了错误时变得非常生气。答案为D本题测试:形容词语义理解。A)ingenious机灵的；B)empirical经验主义的，凭经验办事的；C)objective客观的(与subject相对)；D)indignant生气的，愤怒的。44.[译文]谣言四起，它传播恐惧、破坏声誉、把平静的环境搅得鸡犬不宁。答案为A本题测试:形容词上下文语义理解，答案与句中calm一词呼应。A)turbulent动荡的，混乱的；B)tragic悲剧的，悲惨的；C)vulnerable脆弱的，易受影响的；D)suspicious疑神疑鬼的。45.[译文]生与死这一永恒的周期循环是科学家和哲学都感举的课题。答案为D本题测试:形容词语义及与名词的语义搭配。A)incompatible不兼容的，不共戴天的；B)exceeding超越的，极度的(←exceed);C)instantaneous瞬间的，即刻的；D)eternal永恒的，无休止的。46.[译文]他们仍充满着信心，乐观而不为目前的麻烦所烦恼。答案为C本题测试:副词语义及语义搭配干扰。本题中的D)seemingly(表面上，看来)也可与untrouble搭配，易选错，但决定本题答案的是上文的“remainsconfident”；A)indefinitely不确定的，不明确的，无定期地；B)infinitely无限地，无穷地；C)optimistically乐观地，抱乐观态度地。47.[译文]光导纤维电缆可同时传输数百门电话的交谈信号。答案为A本题测试:副词语义理解及词义相关干扰。A)simultaneously同时地；B)spontaneously自发地，自然地；C)homogeneously同类地，同质地；D)contemporarily同时代地，当代地。n48.[译文]警察得到报警:逃犯可能就在附近。答案为B本题测试:名词上下文理解衣六级短评inthevicinity(=intheneighborhood在附近)。A)invain徒劳地；C)inthecourt在法庭上；D)inthejail在监获。49.[译文]不管你是为了吃而活，还是为了活而吃，食物都是每一家庭瞀中的一笔主要开支。答案为B本题测试:名词语义上下文理解。A)nutrition营养；B)expenditure开支；C)routine惯常程序、做法；D)provision条款、给养。50.[译文]最近《科学》杂志上有一篇论文提出岩石中的有机物来自于地球本身的结构成分而非火星细菌。答案为B本题测试:名词近形干扰及近义辨别。除了四个选项均以con-开头、-tion结尾这一近形特点外，A与B的词义比较接近，容易混淆:A)configuration表示构成的方式，即“构造、配置、地形”等；B)constitution表示结构、构成、组成，侧重“组成成分”，当是本题中可与“bacteria...Mars”对应的一个选项。C)condemnation谴责、判刑；D)contamination污染、弄脏。51.[译文]在季节变化中有许多令我欣赏的东西，而我最喜欢的时节是秋冬过渡时期。答案为C本题测试:名词近形(“trans-”)及语义相关(“转变”)的干扰。A)transmission传播，发射；B)transformation变化，改造；C)transition过渡，转变；D)transfer转移，调动，转变，转让。52.[译文]我觉得我们在可能犯下代价沉重的大错之前应及时找一下投资顾问。答案为C本题测试:名词语义理解搭配—(investment)consultant投资顾问。A)guide导游，向导；B)entrepreneur企业家；D)assessor评估者，评价者。53.[译文]这一公寓的租契将于一年内到期。答案为B本题测试:史词语义(主谓搭配)及介词搭配。A)treaty条约；B)lease租契、租约，常与介词on连用；C)engagement婚约、约请，约会；D)subsidy津贴|补助金，常与介词for连用，如a～foreducation教育津贴。54.[译文]上了年纪的俄罗斯公民觉得仅靠国家支付给他们的养老金生活很艰难。答案为A本题测试:名词语义上下文理解及相关词义干扰。根据主语theelderlyRussians,可确定是以pension(政府养老金)为生了。B)earnings收益，工资；C)salaries薪水；D)donations捐赠，捐款。55.[译文]应该有一种使火车不可能相撞的安全装置。答案为D本题测试:名词语义上下文理解搭配及语义相关干扰。A)appliance器具，电器，(独立而能单独使用的)小装置；B)accessory附件，配件，饰品；C)machine机器；D)mechanism(复杂的、作为大机器上一部分的)装置，机械装置，如:thebrake～刹车装置。56.[译文]在同一个岗位上干了四年后，他的热情最终慢慢枯竭了。答案为D本题测试:动词词义动词与名词的语义搭配及近义干扰。本题除A)deteriorate(使)恶化、变坏外，其余三个选项词义相近，易混淆；B)disperse(使人群、云等)向四周消散，散开，消失；C)dissipate挥霍浪费，驱散(乌云等)；D)drain(使)干涸，(使热情、勇气、资源等)渐渐枯竭，减少，消失。57.[译文]如果被剥夺了充足的睡眠，谁的身体都无法正常运转。答案为A本题测试:动词近形近义干扰。选项A与D、B与C组成两对近形干扰；A与C为近义干扰，A)deprive和C)strip均有“剥夺”之意，A)deprive表示对“人之基本需求”的剥夺，C)strip则侧重“强行、彻底”，且作为“惩罚”的一种剥夺，本题假设对人之基本睡眠的剥夺，故选A较妥。B)rip扯破，撕坏；D)contrive设法做到，谋划。58.[译文]多少年来，那个遥远国家的人民一直遭受着一个独裁者的压迫。答案为C本题测试；动词语义及近形干扰。A)depress(精神上)压抑，使沮丧，使(经济)不景气；C)oppress(政治上)压迫；B)immerse使沉浸(在)，使专心(于)；D)curse诅咒。59.[译文]从工业兴起以来，教育就一直以培养生产劳动者为方向。答案为D本题测试:动词语义理解及动词与介词的搭配。A)harness治理，利用；B)hatch孵化，策划；C)motivate驱使，动:～sbtodosth.;D)gear调整(安排，组织)以适应/合:～sb./sthto/towards.60.[译文]物价上涨的预期早已引起了人们的担忧。答案为A本题测试:动词词义及动宾语义搭配。A)provoke引起，激起；B)irritate激怒，使生气:～sb.;C)inspire鼓舞，赋予灵感:～sb.;D)hoist举起、升起、吊起(具体物品)。61.[译文]那个犯罪嫌疑人声称，案发当时他不在附近。答案为B本题测试:动词词义及动词名型。本题中能后接that从句的动词有B)allege声称和D)announce通知，根据主语suspect(嫌犯)即可知B为答案。A)advocate倡导、支持:～sth.;C)address向…致词:～ameeting/agroupofpeople,etc.在…上讲话。n62.[译文]虽说在一定程度上殖民者已与土著美洲人混在一起，印第安人对美国文化及语言的影响还是很有限的。答案为C本题测试:动词词义及动词与介词的搭配。A)migrate移徙，移居:～toaplace;B)match与…相匹配:～sb./sthfor...;C)mingle混合，溶入:～with/in;D)melt溶化，溶解。63.[译文]电子邮件是一种非常适合人类需求的、方便、随意而高度民主的信息传递媒介。答案为C本题测试:动词词义及动词与介词的搭配。A)adhere(to)坚持，遵守；B)reflect反映，反射；C)conform(to)遵守、符合、适应；D)satisfy满足。64.[译文]鸟的翅膀在它被击落后仍在拍动。答案为C本题测试:动词词义及近形干扰。A)slap掴，拍涂抹；B)scratch抓，抓伤；C)flap(翅翼)拍打，摆动(同flutter);D)fluctuate(使)波动，起伏。65.[译文]就贸易限制的分歧可能会严惩危及两国间的关系。答案为B本题测试:动词语义上下文理解。A)tumble跌倒，暴跌，不由自主地卷入；B)jeopardize危及，损害(jeopardy危险+ize=endanger)；C)操作，操纵，控制；D)intimidate恐吓，(对人)威胁(←timid)。66.[译文]贴墙纸时，是将边相互搭叠呢还是缝对缝挨着?答案为C本题测试:动词词义上下文理解及近义干扰、近形干扰。决定本题答案为C)overlap“(部分)互相搭叠，交接、重叠”的是后面与之对应的putthenexttoeachsther不定式短语。A)coincide(事件等)巧合，位置重合，(几乎全部地)重叠，与overlap之区别在于“重叠”部分的多少；B)展开，使延伸，扩展；D)collide与A)构成近形干扰，指车辆等的“相撞”。67.[译文]在现行体制中，国有企业必须将所有利润上缴政府。答案为C)本题测试:短语动词辨异。A)turndown拒绝，(声音等)关小，(经济)萧条；B)turnup出现，露面，开大(声音等)；C)turnout生产，关掉(声音等)，结果证明是，赶走，解雇；D)turnin上缴，交出，出卖，告发，拐人。68.[译文]美国的石油公司早已感受到这种压力，有些炼油工人及制造石油设备的工作开始下岗。答案为B)本题测试:短语动词辨异。A)layout陈列，布置，设计布局；B)layoff使下岗，(暂时)解聘，搁在一边；C)laydown放下，放弃，铺设，制订；D)layaside搁置(一边)，积攒。69、[译文]我们会对居住期间对你房子所遭到的破坏进行补偿的。答案为A)本题测试:动词句型及相关词义干扰。A)compensate补偿，赔偿:～sbfordamage/losses,etc.;B)remedy补救，纠正(错误、欠缺等)；C)supplement补充(数量之不足)，增补；D)retrieve检索，挽回(损失，～one’slosses)，补救。70.[译文]她剪成短发，试图把自己伪装成一个男子。答案为B)本题测试:动词相关语义相扰及动词句型。A)decorate装饰；B)disguise伪装，假扮成～sbassb.else；C)fabricate捏造，伪造(故事、借口等)；D)fake仿造，伪造(笔迹，假币等)。PartIVErrorCorrection本文论述人们就goodandbadmanners的观点分歧，并通过两个实例来阐述以上主题。71.on→by本题考点:介词搭配，根据人们如何占用周围空间的方式来判断。本题易错改well-mannered为good-mannered,但well-mannered为正确的复合词，有礼貌的、行为端庄的。72.unaware→aware本题考点:上下文理解→反义词。suchaperson指上文的well-manneredperson,当然在街上走时不会“目中无人”。73.as→than本题考点:比较连词的关键搭配。根据上一行中之more即可确定改as为than.74.it→which本题考点:句子结构，代词及定语从句。逗号后，人称代词he前的代词it显然不可能出现在正常的英语语句中，根据本句主从句的结构分析，即可确定两逗号间为一非限制定语从句。75.at→in本题考点:介词基本用法。country前一段用介词in.76.hasn’t→hadn’t本题考点:时态。综观进过第二实例的二、三、四段，短文全部倩了过去时间的时态。77.American→Arab本题考点:上下文理解→相关词(反义)。第二例讲述的是一位赴阿拉伯传统餐宴的美国人不了解阿拉伯食品，闹出笑话，而主人顺水推舟，以自己的行为挽回美国人面子这样的一个故事。77题所在句子为虚拟语气:如果他了解阿拉伯食品，他也许不至于如此举止。78.as→like本题考点:易淆介词as意为“作为”，like意为“象”，根据本行意思，这里当是:摆在他(美国人)面前一大片很薄的面包，在他眼里看上去非常像一块餐巾。因此，他就把那块面包拿起，塞到衣领里，让它挂在衬衫前。79.falls→fell本题考点:时态，阐述见76题。本句意思为:n因此，他就把那块面包拿起，塞到衣领里，让它挂在衬衫前。80.of→删，本题考点:动词句型。say后换something等复合代词时为及物动词，不用介词，本句中saidnothing为与后面copied并列的两个主句谓语动词。PartVWriting2000年6月六级听力原文SectionA1.M:Haveyouhadthebrakesandtireschecked?Anddoyouhaveenoughmoney?W:I’vetakencareofeverythingandI’msureit’sgoingtobeawonderfultrip.Q:Whatisthewomangoingtodo?2.M:Thenewsalesmanagersayshehavenevermetyoubefore.W:We’vebeenintroducedaboutthreetimes.Heseemsalittleforgetful.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthenewsalesmanager?3.W:Idon’tunderstandwhythisbookforselfstudydoesn’thaveanswerstothequestions.M:Butitdoes.Youcanfindthemaltthebackofthebook.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheself-studybook?4.W:Wemeantoleteveryoneknowaboutthecharityconcert,butwedon’thaveenoughmoneyforadvertising.M:Howaboutusingtheschoolradiostation?Theybroadcastfreepublic-serviceannouncement.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?5.M:Bytheway,Jane,didyoutalktotheconsultantaboutourhealthprogram?W:Icontactedhisoffice,buthissecretarysaidhewouldbeoutforlunchuntiltwo.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?6.M:Idon’tknowwhethertoaskJoeorCoratodrawtheposters.W:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?They’rebothexcellentartists.Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutJoeandCore?7.M:Maryisinchargeoftheartandmusicsection;andCharles,theportspage.Whataboutyou?W:I’mresponsiblefortheeditorials.Q:Wheredoesthewomanwork?8.M:IranintoourfriendMarkyesterdayonthestreet,andhesaidhehadn’theardfromyoufortwomonths.W:Yes,Iknow,butI’vebeentoobusytophonehim.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?9.M:I’mreallyexhausted,butIdon’twanttomissthefilmthatcomesonat11.W:IfIwereyou,I’dskipit.Webothhavetogetupearlytomorrow,andanyway,I’vehearditisn’tthatexciting.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?10.M:Ithoughtthelibrariansaidwecouldcheckoutasmanybooksasweneedwithoutourlibrarycards.W:That’sright,butnotthosereferencebooks.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?SectionBPassageOneThepianoandviolinaregirls’instruments.Drumsandtrumpetsareforboys.AccordingtopsychologistsSusanOncoandMichaelBalton,childrenhaveveryclearideasaboutwhichmusicalinstrumentstheyshouldplay.Theyfindthatdespitethebesteffortsofteacherstheseideashavechangedverylittleoverthepastdecade.Theyinterviewed153childrenagedbetween9and11fromschoolsinnorthwestEngland.Theyaskedthemtoidentify4musicalinstrumentsandthentosaywhichtheywouldliketoplaymostandwhichtheywouldleastlietoplay.Theyalsonaskedthechildrenfortheirviewsonwhetherboysorgirlsshouldnotplayanyofthe4instruments.Thepianoandtheviolinwerebothrankedmorefavorablybygirlsthanbyboys,whileboyspreferthedrumsandtrumpets.Therewasbroadagreementbetweenboysandgirlsonwhichinstrumentseachsexshouldplayandthereasonsvary.Andwhilealmosthalfofallboyssaidtheyavoidcertaininstrumentsbecausetheyweretoodifficulttoplay,only15%ofgirlsgavethatasareason.Earlierstudiesindicatedthatveryyoungschoolchildrenagedbetween5and7showednobiasinchoosingmusicalinstruments,buttheirtastesbecomemoreclearbetweentheagesof8and10.Onesurveyof78teacherssuggestedthatafterthatagebothboysandgirls.11.WhydidSusanandMichaelinterviewchildrenagedbetween9and11?12.Whydomanyoftheboysavoidcertaininstruments?13.Whichgroupofchildrenhaveabiaswhenchoosingmusicalinstruments?PassageTwoInthe1970s,thefamousBrazilianfootballplayerPeleretiredfromthenationalteamofBrazilandbecameaprofessionalplayerforateaminNewYork.Football,orsoccer,wasn’tverypopularintheUnitedStatesatthattime.FewNorthAmericansknewanythingaboutthisfast-movingsport.Therewasnomoneytopayprofessionalplayersandtherewaslittleinterestinfootballinhighschoolsandcolleges.WhenPeleandotherinternationalstarsbeganplayinginvariousUScities,peoplesawhowinterestingthegamewasandbegantogotothematches.Itisnowcommonforimportantgamestohavefiftytosixtythousandfans.Supportfromthefansisimportanttothefootball.Thefanscheerenthusiasticallyfortheirfavoriteplayersandteams,whorespondbyplayingbetterthanbefore.InmostWorldCups,thehometeam,ortheteamfromthehostcountryusuallyplaysbetterthanmostpeopleexpect.In1966,1974and1978,thehometeamsofEngland,WestGermanyandArgentinaallwontheWorldCup.TheWorldCupiscalledthatbecauseteamsfromeverycontinenthaveplayedinit.However,sincetheCupbegan,allofthewinningteamshavebeenfromEuropeorSouthAmerica.TeamsfromAsiaorAfricaalwaysdowellbuttheyhaven’tyetwon.Mexicoplayedsurprisinglywellinthe1970Cup,whichithosted,butitwasn’tamongthe4finalteams.14.Whywasn’tfootballapopularsportintheU.S.inthe1970s?15.WhendoesafootballteamhavethebestchancetowintheWorldCup?16.HowdidMexicodointhe1970WorldCup?PassageThreeTheworld’ssmartestadolescenceinmathematicsandscienceareinSingapore,accordingtoaglobalsurveyofeducationalachievement.Inthe3rdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy,13-year-oldsfromSingaporeachievedthebestscoresinstandardizedtestsofmathsandsciencethatwereadministeredto287,896studentsin41countriesin1994and1995.ThesurveysuggeststhatscienceandmathseducationisespeciallystrongintheFarEast.Whilewellbehindthosetopscores,studentsfromAustraliaearnedhighermarksinmathsthantheircounterpartsinEngland,whointurndidbetterthanAmericanstudents.Thestudycollectedinformationonthestudents’teachersandhomes.Notsurprisingly,thehighest-scoringstudentshadwell-educatedparentsorcamefromhomescontainingstudy-aidssuchascomputers,dictionariesorevensuchelementalfacilitiesasdesks.Thestudyshowsthatboysgenerallydidbetterthangirlsinscience,buttherewaslittledifferencebetweentheminmaths.Boysscoredbetterthangirlsinphysicsandchemistry.Therewerenosexdifferencesinthelifeandenvironmentalsciences.Inadditiontobeingtested,studentsintheprojectwereaskedhowproficienttheythoughttheywereinmathsandscience.Studentsinsomecountries,suchasColumbiaandKuwait,hadanoverlyoptimisticviewoftheirskills.Meanwhile,someofthebeststudentsfromJapanandKoreaforexamplewereneedlesslypessimisticeventhoughtheydidfarbetterinmathsthanalmostallofotherstudents.17.Ofthe4groupsofstudents,whoscoredthelowestinmathsaccordingtothesurvey?18.Whatkindofstudentsaremostlikelytobecometopscorers?19.InwhatwaydoColumbianstudentsdifferfromJapanesestudents?20.Inwhichsubjectsdidboysscorehigherthangirls?n2001年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Themanthinkstravellingbyairisquitesafe.B)Thewomannevertravelsbyplane.C)Bothspeakersfeelnervouswhenflying.D)Thespeakersfeelsadabouttheseriouslossoflife.2.A)Attheinformationdesk.B)Inanoffice.C)Inarestaurant.D)Atarailwaystation.3.A)Writetheletter.B)Painttheshelf.C)Fixtheshelf.D)Lookforthepen.4.A)Itgivesa30%discounttoallcustomers.B)ItisrunbyMrs.Winter’shusband.C)IthiresMrs.Winterasanadviser.D)Itencourageshusbandstoshopontheirown.5.A)Longexposuretothesun.B)Lackofsleep.C)Tootightahat.D)Longworkinghours.6.A)HisEnglishisstillpooraftertenyearsinAmerica.B)Hedoesn’tmindspeakingEnglishwithanaccent.C)Hedoesn’tlikethewayAmericansspeak.D)HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.n7.A)Anautomechanic.B)Anelectrician.C)Acarpenter.D)Atelephonerepairman.8.A)Theybothenjoyedwatchingthegame.B)Themanthoughttheresultswerebeyondtheirexpectations.C)Theybothfeltgoodabouttheresultsofthegame.D)Peopleweresurprisedattheirwinningthegame.9.A)Managerandemployee.B)Salesmanandcustomer.C)Guideandtourist.D)Professorandstudent.10.A)TomhasarrangedasurprisepartyforLucy.B)Tomwillkeepthesurprisepartyasecret.C)TomandLucyhavenosecretsfromeachother.D)Tomdidn’tmakeanypromisetoLucy.SectionBCompoundDictation注意：听力理解的B节(SectionB)为复合式听写(CompoundDictation)，题目在试卷二上，现在请取出试卷二。Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfromS1toS7withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.ForblanksnumberedfromS8toS10youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Thehumanbodyisaremarkablefoodprocessor.Asanadult,youmayconsume(S1)________atonoffoodperyearandstillnotgainorloseapoundofbodyweight.Youare(S2)________harnessing,andconsumingenergythroughtheintricate(S3)________ofyourbodyinordertoremaininenergybalance.To(S4)________agivenbodyweight,yourenergyinputmustbalanceyourenergyoutput.However,sometimesthe(S5)________energybalanceisupset,andyour(S6)________bodyweightwilleitherfallor(S7)________.Thetermbodyimagereferstothementalimagewehaveofourownphysicalappearance,and(S8)________________________________.Researchhasrevealedthatabout40percentofadultmenand55percentofadultwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeircurrentbodyweight.(S9)________________________________.Atthecollegelevel,astudyfoundthat85percentofbothmaleandfemalefirstyearstudentsdesiredtochangetheirbodyweight.(S10)________________________________.Thinnessiscurrentlyanattributethatfemalesdesirehighly.Malesgenerallydesiremuscularity.Thevastmajorityofindividualswhowanttochangetheirbodyweightdoitforthesakeofappearance:mostwanttoloseexcessbodyfat,whileasmallerpercentageofindividualsactuallywanttogainweight.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleeping—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.nEarlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,endoftherowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.Also,birdsdozing(打盹)attheendofthelineresortedtosinglehemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalfasleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingsidebysideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.Usefulashalfsleepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammals(哺乳动物)asdolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’halfbrainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg(冰山)”Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.11.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat________.A)halfbrainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirdsB)halfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwavesC)birdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciouslyD)birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest12.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause________.A)theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacksB)theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorestC)thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructuredD)theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions13.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat________.A)thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespreadB)birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurityC)evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurityD)asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror14.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfawakeinorderto________.A)alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemyB)emergefromwaternowandthentobreatheC)besensitivetotheeverchangingenvironmentD)avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents15.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2,Para.8),Siegelsuggeststhat________.A)halfbrainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweatherB)themysteryofhalfbrainsleepisclosetobeingsolvedC)mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepersnD)halfbrainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspeciesPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anineyearoldschoolgirlsinglehandedlycooksupasciencefairexperimentthatendsupdebunking(揭穿…的真相)awidelypracticedmedicaltreatment.EmilyRosa’stargetwasapracticeknownastherapeutic(治疗的)touch(TTforshort),whoseadvocatesmanipulatepatients’“energyfieldtomakethemfeelbetterandeven,saysome,tocurethemofvariousills.YetEmily’stestshowsthattheseenergyfieldscan’tbedetected,evenbytrainedTTpractitioners(行医者).Obviouslymindfulofthepublicityvalueofthesituation,JournaleditorGeorgeLundbergappearedonTVtodeclare,“Agedoesn’tmatter.It’sgoodsciencethatmatters,andthisisgoodscience.”Emily’smotherLindaRosa,aregisterednurse,hasbeencampaigningagainstTTfornearlyadecade.LindafirstthoughtaboutTTinthelate‘80s,whenshelearneditwasontheapprovedlistforcontinuingnursingeducationinColorado.Its100,000trainedpractitioners(48,000intheU.S.)don’teventouchtheirpatients.Instead,theywavedtheirhandsafewinchesfromthepatient’sbody,pushingenergyfieldsarounduntilthey’rein“balance.”TTadvocatessaythesemanipulationscanhelphealwounds,relievePainandreducefever.TheclaimsaretakenseriouslyenoughthatTTtherapistsarefrequentlyhiredbyleadinghospitals,atupto$70anhour,tosmoothpatients’energy,sometimesduringsurgery.YetRosacouldnotfindanyevidencethatitworks.Toprovidesuchproof,TTtherapistswouldhavetositdownforindependenttesting—somethingtheyhaven’tbeeneagertodo,eventhoughJamesRandihasofferedmorethan$1milliontoanyonewhocandemonstratetheexistenceofahumanenergyfield.(He’shadonetakersofar.Shefailed.)AskepticmightconcludethatTTpractitionersareafraidtolaytheirbeliefsontheline.Butwhocouldturndownaninnocentfourthgrader?SaysEmily:“Ithinktheydidn’ttakemeveryseriouslybecauseI’makid.”Theexperimentwasstraightforward:21TTtherapistsstucktheirhands,palmsup,throughascreen.Emilyheldherownhandoveroneoftheirsleftorrightandthepractitionershadtosaywhichhanditwas.Whentheresultswererecorded,they’ddonenobetterthantheywouldhavebysimplyguessing.Iftherewasanenergyfield,theycouldn’tfeelit.16.WhichofthefollowingisevidencethatTTiswidelypracticed?A)TThasbeeninexistencefordecades.B)Manypatientswerecuredbytherapeutictouch.C)TTtherapistsareoftenemployedbyleadinghospitals.D)Morethan100,000peopleareundergoingTTtreatment.17.VeryfewTTpractitionersrespondedtothe$1millionofferbecause________.A)theydidn’ttaketheofferseriouslyB)theydidn’twanttorisktheircareerC)theywereunwillingtorevealtheirsecretD)theythoughtitwasnotinlinewiththeirpractice18.ThepurposeofEmilyRosa’sexperimentwas________.A)toseewhyTTcouldworkthewayitdidB)tofindouthowTTcuredpatients’illnessesC)totestwhethershecouldsensethehumanenergyfieldD)totestwhetherahumanenergyfieldreallyexisted19.WhydidsomeTTpractitionersagreetobethesubjectsofEmil’sexperiment?A)Itinvolvednothingmorethanmereguessing.B)Theythoughtitwasgoingtobealotoffun.C)Itwasmorestraightforwardthanotherexperiments.D)Theysensednoharminalittlegirl’sexperiment.n20.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A)Somewidelyacceptedbeliefscanbedeceiving.B)Solidevidenceweighsmorethanpuretheories.C)LittlechildrencanbeascleverastrainedTTpractitioners.D)TheprincipleofTTistooprofoundtounderstand.PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecialpurposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecialpurposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreeway(高速公路)capacity.Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp(入口引道).Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespected,becausealltrespassers(非法进入者)couldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.)Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.21.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighways________.A)arebeingplannedB)arebeingmodifiedC)arenowinwideuseD)areunderconstruction22.Aspecialpurposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat________.A)itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighwaysB)itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiencyC)ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehiclesD)itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles23.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?A)Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.B)Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.C)Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.D)Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.24.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelane________.nA)bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallaneB)bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevicesC)throughaspeciallyguardedgateD)afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved25.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver________.A)shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcarsB)doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystemC)shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidentsD)doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheelPassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofselffulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineis“intelligent.”Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.“IntelligentpeopledonothaveN.B.D.’sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression,becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.26.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute________.A)isawidelyheldbutwrongconceptB)willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudiceC)istherootofallmentaldistressD)willcontributetoone’sselffulfillment27.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree________.A)mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreallifeproblemsB)doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocumentsC)maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweakD)doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent28.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows________.nA)howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmythsB)howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessintireC)howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhileD)howtopersuadeotherstocompromise29.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat________.A)difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slifeB)depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlifeC)everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstancesD)goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence30.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpeoplearerare?A)Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.B)Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.C)ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.D’s.D)Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.31.Startingwiththe________thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.A)premiseB)pretextC)foundationD)presentation32.Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a________hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.A)quarrelB)suspicionC)verdictD)controversy33.Theirdiplomaticprinciplescomplexlylaidbaretheir________forworldconquest.A)admirationB)ambitionC)administrationD)orientation34.Thedirectorgavemehis________thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.A)warrantB)obligationC)assuranceD)certainty35.TheChristmastreewasdecoratedwithshining________suchascoloredlightsandglassballs.A)ornamentsB)luxuriesC)exhibitsD)complements36.Thetwomostimportant________inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.A)elementsnB)componentsC)ingredientsD)constituents37.Cultural________indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.A)translationB)transitionC)transmissionD)transaction38.Wemustlookbeyond________andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.A)justificationsB)illusionsC)manifestationsD)specifications39.Nooneimaginedthattheapparently________businessmanwasreallyacriminal.A)respectiveB)respectableC)respectfulD)realistic40.Ifnothingisdonetoprotecttheenvironment,millionsofspidersthatarealivetodaywillhavebecome________.A)deterioratedB)degeneratedC)suppressedD)extinct41.The________ofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.A)essenceB)textureC)contentD)threshold42.Theoldladyhasdevelopeda________coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.A)perpetualB)permanentC)chronicD)sustained43.Whatthecorrespondentsentusisan________newsreport.Wecandependonit.A)evidentB)authenticC)ultimateD)immediate44.Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan________forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.A)inspirationalB)educationalC)excessiveD)instantaneousn45.Someresearchersfeelthatcertainpeoplehavenervoussystemsparticularly________tohot,drywinds.Theyarewhatwecallweathersensitivepeople.A)subjectiveB)subordinateC)liableD)vulnerable46.Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir________powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.A)cumulativeB)destructiveC)turbulentD)prevalent47.Insomecountries,studentsareexpectedtobequietand________intheclassroom.A)skepticalB)faithfulC)obedientD)subsidiary48.Inspiteofthe________economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.A)gloomyB)miserableC)shadowyD)obscure49.Bodypaintorfacepaintisusedmostlybymeninpreliteratesocietiesinordertoattractgoodhealthorto________disease.A)setasideB)wardoffC)shrugoffD)giveaway50.Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing________difficultforthelastfewyears.A)invariablyB)presumablyC)increasinglyD)dominantly51.Theprisonerwas________ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.A)dischargedB)derivedC)deprivedD)dispatched52.Smallfarmsandthelackofmoderntechnologyhave________agriculturalproduction.A)blunderedB)tangledC)bewilderedD)hampered53.TheJapanesescientistshavefoundthatscents________efficiencyandreducestressamongofficeworkers.A)enhanceB)amplifynC)fosterD)magnify54.Allthestudentshaveto________totherulesandregulationsoftheschool.A)confirmB)confrontC)confineD)conform55.He________hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.A)scrappedB)screwedC)scrapedD)scratched56.Assoonastheboywasabletoearnhisownlivinghe________hisparents’strictrules.A)defiedB)refutedC)excludedD)vetoed57.Thehelicopteralightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.A)coincidedwithB)stumbledonC)tumbledtoD)collidedwith58.To________istosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.A)conserveB)conceiveC)convertD)contrive59.Putondarkglassesorthesunwill________youandyouwon’tbeabletosee.A)discernB)distortC)distractD)dazzle60.In________timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavourableclimate.A)primeB)primitiveC)primaryD)preliminaryPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynursery,wasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe__61__halfofthe19thcentury;mostof__62__werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat__63__duringtheFirstWorldWar,when__64__ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedented(前所未有)numbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablishedn__65__inmunitions(军火)plants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.__66__thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose__67__,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,__68__,federal,State,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol__69__thedaynurseries,chieflyby__70__themandby.The__71__oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere__72__calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis__73__theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,__74__$6,000,000inJuly,1942,foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.ManyStatesandlocalcommunities__75__thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared__76__indaycarecentersreceivingFederal__77__.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment__78__cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater__79__them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir__80__attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.61.A)latterB)lateC)otherD)first62.A)thoseB)themC)whoseD)imitation63.A)impetusB)inputC)imitationD)initiative64.A)sourcesB)abundanceC)shortageD)reduction65.A)hardlyB)entirelyC)onlyD)even66.A)BecauseB)AsC)SinceD)Although67.A)unanimouslyB)sharplyC)predominantlyD)militantly68.A)thereforeB)consequentlyC)howeverD)moreover69.A)overnB)inC)atD)about70.A)formulatingB)labelingC)patentingD)licensing71.A)outsetB)outbreakC)breakthroughD)breakdown72.A)againB)thusC)repeatedlyD)yet73.A)circumstanceB)occasionC)caseD)situation74.A)regulatingB)summoningC)allocatingD)transferring75.A)expandedB)facilitatedC)supplementedD)compensated76.A)byB)afterC)ofD)for77.A)pensionsB)subsidiesC)revenuesD)budgets78.A)prevalentlyB)furiouslyC)statisticallyD)drastically79.A)abolishedB)diminishedC)jeopardizedD)precluded80.A)nurseriesB)homesnC)jobsD)childrenPartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是…2001年1月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.A2.C3.C4.D5.A6.A7.B8.C9.D10.DS1.overS2.constantlyS3.mechanismS4.maintainS5.overallS6.normalS7.increaseS8.Thiscanbeinfluencedbyavarietyoffactors,includinghowmuchyouweighandhowthatweightisdistributed.S9.Similarlyfindingshavealsobeenreportedathighschoollevel,mainlywithfemalestudents.S10.TheprimarycauseofthisconcernisthevaluethatAmericansocietyisingeneralasocietytophysicalappearance.PartIIReadingComprehension11.C12.A13.C14.B15.D16.C17.C18.D19.D20.A21.A22.B23.C24.B25.D26.A27.D28.C29.A30.BPartIIIVocabulary31.A32.D33.B34.C35.A36.C37.C38.B39.B40.D41.A42.C43.B44.A45.D46.B47.C48.A49.B50.C51.C52.D53.A54.D55.D56.A57.D58.A59.D60.BPartIVClozen61.B62.B63.A64.C65.D66.D67.B68.C69.B70.A71.B72.A73.B74.C75.C76.D77.B78.D79.A80.C2001年1月六级答案详解PartIListeningComprehensionPartIIReadingComprehension11.正确答案为C)。根据文章第1、3-6段可知，对鸟类睡眠的最新研究表明，它们能够有意识地控制自己的半脑睡眠。这几段举例说明了对这个问题实验的情况。选项A)、B)、D)虽在文章第2段中也提到了，但那是文献记载的以前研究的情况(Earlierstudieshavedocumented...)故均不是正确答案。12.正确答案为A)。根据文章第6段Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.(这些研究结果为一个长久以来的假设提供了最好的证据，即单侧脑睡眠是在生物警惕敌人过程中进化形成的。)13.正确答案为C)。根据文章第6段内容：鸟类单侧脑睡眠是在警惕敌人过程中进化而来，此结论还可推而广之。在需要警惕的一侧，鸟儿喜欢睁着一只眼睛…，一对动物园里的鸟儿挨着打瞌睡时是如此，宠物鸟靠镜子一侧的眼睛闭着，好象镜子中的影子是一个伙伴，而另一只眼睛却睁着，也说明这种情况。所以选项C)是答案。14.正确答案为B)。根据文章第7段第2句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.(也许，保持一侧脑醒着可以使睡眠中的动物不时浮出水面而刁；淹死。)所以B)emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe(不时浮出水面来呼吸)是正确答案。15.正确答案为D)。根据文章最后的一段，也就是含有这个短语的上下文。Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep...He(Siegel)speculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakecloserlookatotherspecies.(对鸟类的研究可能提供对睡眠的独特认识。...他推测当我们对其他物种仔细观察时，就会发现更多的例证。)因此选项D)所说“半侧脑睡眠这种现象可能存在于其他物种”正是“justthetipoficeberg”所表达的意思。16.正确答案为C)。根据第2段TheclaimsaretakenseriouslyenoughthatTTtherapistsarefrequentlyhiredbyleadinghospitals.(这种宣扬很受重视，以致TT行医者经常受雇于大的医院…)选项A)文章中没有提及，选项B)叙述不准确，文中只是说，据称这种方法能使人病情好转，甚至说有的能治疗各种疾病”。选项D)与文章内容不符，文章说，川万受过培训的TT行医者甚至不接触病人身体…。故A)，B)，D)均不是答案。17.正确答案为C)。根据文章第3段第2句：为了提供这样一个证明(证明人有“能场”)，TT行医者不得不坐下接受独立的测试—这是他们一直都不愿意做的事情，即使詹姆斯•兰迪为能演示人存在“能场”的人提供一百多万美元的奖金。(Toprovidesuchproof,TTtherapistswouldhavetositdownforindependenttestingsomethingtheyhaven’tbeeneagertodo,eventhoughJamesLandihasofferedmorethan$1milliontoanyonewhocandemonstratetheexistenceofahumanenergyfield.)18.正确答案为D)。根据文章第1段我们知道，TT行医者所宣扬的就是通过调节病人的“能场”来治病(whoseadvocatesmanipulatepatient’s“energyfield”tomakethemfeelbetterandeven,saysome,tocurethemofvariousills)。在第2段中，又提到“运用这种手法可以推动能场转动直到平衡(...pushingenergyfieldsarounduntilthey’rein“balance”)”而爱米丽•瑞莎的实验就是证明是否能场真的存在。特别文章最后一句Iftherewasanenergyfield,theycouldn’tfeelit.(如果有一个能场的话，他们也感觉不到。)选项C)说是测试她能否感觉到能场，如果是这样的话，前提是存在一个能场，这当然是错误的。A)，B)两个选项也是错误的。19.正确答案为D)。根据文章第3段从第2句到段末这部分：AskepticmightconcludethatTTpractitionersareafraidtolaytheirbeliefsontheline.Butwhowouldturndownaninnocent,fourthgrader?SaysEmily:“Ithinktheyndidn’ttakemeveryseriouslybecauseI’makid”.(怀疑的人或许会因为TT行医者害怕使他们自己处于被揭露的危险中，但谁能拒绝一个天真的四年级的小学生呢?爱米丽说，“我想他们不会太把我当回事，因为我是个小孩子。”)20.正确答案为A)。此题要求概括主题。文章第1句就是主题句：Anineyearoldschoolgirlsingle-handlycooksupasciencefairexperimenttheendsupdebunkingawidelypracticedmedicaltreatment.(一个9岁的小女孩独自设计了一个公开的科学实验，结果揭穿了一种广为流行的医疗方法的真相。)21.正确答案为A)。根据第1段第2，3句：Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.(答案取决于最后采用哪一种系统，两种不同的类型都在绘图板上。)回答此问题的关键是要知道drawingboard的意思。所以选项A)arebeingplanned是正确答案。22.正确答案为B)。根据第1段最后一句：Aspecialpurposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity(特别目的车道系统要求对现有的高速公路进行更广泛的改造，但它会使高速公路获得最大的能力。)23.正确答案为C)。根据第2段第1句：Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.(不论采用那种设计，司机都需要在其开始行驶时或在到达自动化高速公路前确定要去的目的地，把这个信息输入车上的计算机。)故C)是正确答案。选项B)与文章内容相悖，因为原文第2段第2句是onsuitablyequippedroads而不是existingtraffic.选项D)提到的情况只适用于第2种设计方案，即混合式交通系统。故A)，B)，D)均不是答案。24.正确答案为B)。根据文章第2段第3，4，5句：如果使用特殊目的的车道…一种方法是使用特殊的人口引道。当司机接近高速公路人口处时，安装在道边的电子装置会检测车辆的目的地并搞清是否有能工作的自动化装置。(Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,...Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.Asdriversapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.)25.正确答案为D)。根据第3段的最后一句：Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.(一旦车辆进入自动行驶状态，司机就可以放开方向盘，打开晨报或者只是休息。)26.正确答案为A)。这是一篇新老观点对应性文章。老观点也就是平常的大家普遍接受的观点：聪明指的是受到正规教育，成绩优秀，并以此作为自我完善的手段。新观点强调心理健康，否定老观点，所以A)是答案。27.正确答案为D)。通读全文我们知道，作者认为真正能体现聪明的是能否过一种有意义；愉快的生活，每天，每时都是这样。而获得大学学位的人未必能做到。所以选项D)与作者的这种观点相符，是正确答案。选项C)有一定的干扰性，虽然作者说神经病医院里满是持有各种证书的病人。但这并不是说持有大学学位可能使一个人神经得病或身体虚弱。28.正确答案为C)。选项A)与文章内容相悖，文章说要摒弃某些很流行的说法(puttingrestsomeveryprevalentmyths)，而不是要忍耐这些说法。选项B)和选项D)的内容在文章中均未提到，故只有选项C)是正确答案。另外，也可以根据第2段第1句来推断：Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.(如果你感到愉快，如果你为所有值得的事物活每一时刻，你就是一个聪明的人。)29.正确答案为A)。根据第4段第2，3，4句的内容：在任何社会环境中与别人交往，每个人都有相的困难。意见不合，冲突和妥协是作为人的一部分存在的。(Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumaninanysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.)选项A)与之相符，是正确答案。选项B)干扰性较大，这与原文不符。原文说Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences.(但有些人能克服，尽管有这些事情发生，他们能避免陷入沮丧和不愉快中不能自拔。)这意味着生活中的沮丧和不愉快是可以避免的。30.正确答案为B)。根据第4段最后一句：Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow,alsothemostrare.n(那些认识到困难是人生必然存在的事物，不以有没有困难来衡量愉快，是我们所知最聪明的一类人，也是很罕见的人。)PartIIIVocabulary31.答案为A)。premise意为“前提”。句意为：以火星有生命这一前提开始，那位科学家继续深入他的论证。其他三个选项的意思是：B)pretext借口；C)foundation基础；D)presentation陈述。32.答案为D)。controversy意为“争论”，句意为：几起核灾难之后，关于核能安全的问题引起了激烈的争论。其他三个选项的意思是：A)quarrel争吵，吵架；B)suspicion猜疑，怀疑；C)verdict判决，结论。33.答案为B)。ambition意为“野心”，句意为：“他们”的外交原则彻底将他们要征服世界的野心暴露无疑。其他三个名词的意思是：A)admiration赞美；C)administration行政，管理；D)orientation方向，方位。34.答案为C)。assurance意为“保证，担保”，句意为：主任向我保证，如果我把工作做好，他会给我双倍的工资。其他三个名词的意思是：A)warrant作名词意为“证明，凭证”，作动词有“保证，担保”的意思。此处应为名词，意思不适合本句。B)obligation义务，D)certainty肯定。35.答案为A)。ornaments意为“装饰物”，句意为：圣诞树用彩灯和玻璃球之类的装饰物修饰了起来。B)luxuries奢侈品；C)exhibits展览品；D)complements补充物。36.答案为C)。ingredients意为“(混合物中之)成分”，句意为：做蛋糕的最主要的成分是面粉和糖。其他三个名词的意思是：A)elements元素，要素；B)components(构成整体的)部件，Dconstituents要素。37.答案为C)。这是四个都含有前缀trans的名词的辨析。A)translation翻译；B)transition转换；C)transmission传播；D)transaction交易。C)符合题意要求，句意为：文化传播表明人类把他们的语言从上一代传给下一代。38.答案为B)。illusion意为“幻想”，句意为：我们必须摒弃幻想和假设来看问题，设法搞清丢失了什么。其他三个名词的意思是：A)justification理由，辩护；C)manifestation展示，证明；D)specification评述，规范。39.答案为B)。选项中三个形容词都有同一根词respect,特别注意它们意义的差别。A)respective分别的，各自的；B)respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的C)respectful尊重人的，有礼貌的；D)realistic现实(主义)的。选项B)符合题意，是正确答案。句意为：没有人会想象到，那个外表可敬的商人实际上是个罪犯。40.答案为D)。选项中四个形容词，有三个是由动词的过去分词转化而来。其意义分别是：A)deteriorated退化的，恶化的；B)degenerated堕落的C)suppressed压抑的；D)extinct灭绝的。D)extinct符合题意要求，是正确答案。句意为：如果不采取措施保护环境，数以百万计现在活着的物种就会灭绝。41.答案为A)。essence意为“本质，精髓”，句意为：科学态度的本质是人类的意识能成功地理解宇宙。其他三个名词的意义是：B)content内容；C)texture结构，D)threshold入口，门槛。42.答案为C)。chronic意为“慢性的”：句意为这位老太太患有慢性咳嗽，短期内不能彻底治愈。其他三个形容词的意思是：A)perpetual永久的，持久的；B)permanent长期的，长久的；D)sustained持续不变的。43.答案为B)。authentic意为“真实的，可靠的”，句意为：通讯员发给我们的是一件真实的新闻报道，我们可以相信它。其他三个形容词的意思是：A)evident明显的；C)ultimate最后的，最终的；D)immediate紧急的，立即的。44.答案为A)。inspirational意为“有鼓舞力的，给予灵感的”，句意为：已经聘她作教授兼顾问，我可以告诉你，她是一种鼓舞力量，促使她的学生成绩大大优于他们自己的期望。其它三个形容词的意思是：B)educational教育的；C)excessive过分的；D)instantaneous即刻的，瞬间的。45.答案为D)。vulnerable意为“易受攻击的，敏感的”，句意为，有些研究者感到某些人的神经系统对热风和干风很敏感。他们就是我们所称的天气敏感者。其它三个形容词的意思是：A)subjective主观的；B)subordinate次要的，附属的；C)liable有…倾向的。46.答案为B)。destructive意为“破坏性的”，句意为：飓风是造成灾难的风，其破坏性在于能造成物质的损坏。其它三个形容词的意思是：A)cumulative累积的；C)turbulent狂暴的，动乱的；D)prevalent流行的。47.答案为C)。obedient的意思是“顺从的，规矩的”，句意为：在一些国家，要求学生在教室要保持安静并循规蹈矩。另外三个形容词的意义为：A)skeptical怀疑的；B)faithful忠诚的；D)subsidiary辅助的。48.答案为A)。gloomy的意思为“令人沮丧的”，句意为：尽管经济预测令人沮丧，但制造业的产量却稍有增加。其它三个形容词的意思是：B)miserable悲惨的；C)shadowy有阴影的；D)obscure模糊的，暗的。49.答案为B)。本题要求辨析四个动词短语。A)setaside不顾，置于一旁；B)wardoff避开；C)shrugnoff不理，一笑置之；D)giveaway赠予，发出。选项B)符合句意要求，是正确答案。句意为：文身或文面多为尚无文字社会的人用来追求身体健康或避免疾病。50.答案为C)。increasingly意为“越来越…，日益”，句意为：在过去几年里，国际形势变得越来越困难。其它三个副词的意思是：A)invariably不变的，总是；B)presumably推测地，大概；D)dominantly起支配作用地。51.答案为C)。deprived意为“剥夺”，常与of搭配，句意为：囚犯被剥夺三年的公民自由权。A)discharged意为“指控”，常与with搭配，discharge...with意思是“指控某人犯…罪”，B)derive意为“来自，起源”常与from搭配；D)dispatch意为“派遣”。52.答案为D)。hamper意为“阻碍，束缚”，句意为：小农场以及缺乏现代技术束缚了农业的生产。其它三个动词的意义是：A)blundered盲动，脱口而出；B)tangled纠缠；C)bewildered迷惑。53.答案为A)。四个动词的意思分别是：A)enhance增强，提高；B)amplify放大，增强；C)foster鼓励；D)magnify放大，扩大。根据原题，A)enhance符合题意是答案。句意为：日本科学家发现，香味能提高办公室人员的效率，并能减轻紧张情绪。54.答案为D)。这是四个形似但意义各不相同的动词。A)confirm证实，确认；B)confront面对，遭遇；C)confine限制，禁闭；D)conform遵守，服从，常与介词to搭配。D)conform不但在意义上，结构也符合原题，是正确答案。句意为：所有学生都得遵守学校的规章制度。55.答案为D)。scratch意为“抓，挠”，句意为：他挠一挠头，考虑如何解决这个问题。其它三个动词的意思分别是：A)scrapped废弃；B)screwed拧；C)scraped刮，擦。56.答案为A)。defied意为“藐视，公然对抗”，句意为：男孩子刚能够自己谋生，就公然对抗父母的严厉规矩。另外三个动词的意义是：B)refuted反驳，驳斥；C)excluded排斥，D)vetoed否决。57.答案为D)。本题是动词短语辨析。四个动词短语的意义分别是：A)coincidedwith与…...巧合；B)stumbledon偶尔遇到；C)tumbledto恍然大悟；D)collidedwith与…碰撞。选项D)符合题意，是正确答案。句意为：那架直升飞机与一架轻型飞机相撞，两个飞行员都遇难了。58.答案为A)。选项中四个动词的意义分别是：A)conserve保藏，保存；B)conceive想象，持有；C)convert转换；D)contrive发明，设计。根据原题意，A)conserve是答案。句意为：保存就是留下来并保护起来，使我们自己享用的东西保持完好，让别人也可分享。59.答案为D)。dazzle意为“使人眩晕，眼花”，句意为：戴上墨镜，不然太阳会使你眼花，看不见东西。其它三个动词的意思是：A)discern辨认，识别；B)distort扭曲，歪曲；C)distract分散，分心。60.答案为B)primitive意为“原始的”，句意为：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了找乐趣，而是寻找更有利的气候。其它三个形容词的意思是，A)prime首要的；C)primary最初的；D)preliminary开端的，最初的。PartIVCloze61.正确答案为B)。第一家日托所建于1854年，在各地区建立当然是在19世纪的后半期。62.正确答案为B)。mostof后面要用人称代词。63.正确答案为A)。根据句意“第一次世界大战对建立日托所的运动是个促进”。64.正确答案为C)。根据句意“当时劳动力短缺使得…”。65.正确答案为D)。说明托儿所建立的多而广，“甚至”建在军火工厂里。66.正确答案为D)。分析全句，这是一个让步状语从句，故应用连词although.67.正确答案为B)。修饰动词rose的副词，四个选项中只有sharply(急剧地)合适。68.正确答案为C)。本句的语气上是转折的，要选副词however.69.正确答案为B)。“在幼儿园里”介词应该用in.70.正确答案为A)。根据句意“通过规范(formulate)和…来管理”。选A)。71.正确答案为B)。根据句意“第二次世界大战的爆发”应是“TheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar”。72.正确答案为A)。与第一次世界大战的情况相呼应，所以要填A)“再次”。73.正确答案为B)。选项中的四个名词，只有occasion可以与介词on搭配，其意义也与句意相吻合.74.正确答案为C)。根据句意”这时,美国政府立即支持保育员学校,1942年7月拨款600万美元…75.正确答案为C)。根据句意”许多州和地方社区对这笔联邦政府资助进行补充。n76.正确答案为D)。动词care要与介词for搭配，表示“照料”的意思。77.正确答案为B)。根据句意“在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里”。78.正确答案为D)。根据句意“大幅度地削减这笔费用”，只有副词drastically是正确的。79.正确答案为A)。与前一句相呼应，前面说“大幅度地削减”，后来，自然是“废止(abolished)”。80.正确答案为C)。根据句意“期望战后大多数所雇佣的有小孩的妇女离开她们的工作…”。2001年1月六级听力原文SectionA1.W:Haveyouheardabouttheplanecrashyesterday?Itcausedahundredandtwentydeaths.Iamneverateasewhentakingaflight.M:Thoughweoftenhearaboutaircrashesandseriouscasualdeeds,flyingisoneofthesafestwaystotravel.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?2.W:Ihaveacomplainttomake,Sir.Ihadwaitedtenminutesatthetablebeforethewaitershowedup,andIfinallygotserved.AndIfounditwasnotwhatIordered.M:Iamterriblysorry,madam.It’sabitunusuallybusytonight.Asacompensation,yourmealwillbefree.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?3.M:Ican’tfindmypen.Ineedtowritealetter.W:I’lllookforitlater.RightnowIneedyoutohelpfixtheshelfbeforepaintit.Q:Whatwouldtheydofirst?4.M:Mrs.Winter,Ineedyouradvice,Iwanttobuyadressformywife,canyoutellmewhereIcangetoneatareasonableprice?W:Sure,gotoRichard’s.Ithasthelateststylesandgivesa30%discounttohusbandswhoshopalone.Q:WhatdoweknowaboutRichard’sshop?5.M:Myheadachesareterribly.MaybeIneedmoresleep.W:Actually,youneedlesssunandsomeaspirin.Itwouldhelpifyouwearahat.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkisthecauseoftheman’sheadache?6.M:Didyouknowthis:afteralmosttenyearsintheUnitedStates,withsuchastrongaccent.W:Yes,butheisproudofit.Hesaysitisapartofhisidentity.Q:WhatdoestheconversationtellusaboutMr.Li?ListillspeaksEnglish.7.W:ThisisMrs.Starched,myheaterisnotgettinganypowerandweathermansaysthetemperatureistofallbelowzerotonight.Couldyougetsomeonetocomeoverandfixit?M:Thisisthebusiesttimeoftheyear,butI’llspeaktooneofourmenaboutgoingoversometimetoday.Q:WhodidMrs.Starchedwanttocomeover?8.M:Thoughwedidn’twinthegame,weweresatisfiedwithourperformance.W:Youdidagreatjob.Youalmostbeattheworld’schampions.It’sarealsurprisetomanypeople.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?9.W:SorryIdidnotcomeyesterday,becauseIhadatemperature.Couldyoutellmetherequirementformytermpaper?M:ThethemeofyourpapercanbeaboutbusinessmanagementortouringresourcesinChina,andthelengthofthepapershouldbenolessthanfifteenpages.Q:Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?10.W:Idon’tthinkweshouldtellTomaboutthesurprisingpartyforLucy.M:It’sallright.Hepromisednottotell,andhedoesnotmakepromiseslikely.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?n2001年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)HewilltellMaryhowtooperatethedishwasher.B)Hewillwashthedisheshimselfinstead.C)HewillhelpBilltotranslatethemanual.D)Hehimselfwilloperatethedishwasher.2.A)Loseweight.B)Quitsmoking.C)Weighhimselffrequently.D)Haveatalkwiththedoctor.3.A)Thewomanshouldhavecomplainedtoherneighbor.B)Thewomanshouldstayoutuntiltheneighborsarequiet.C)Thewomanshouldhavestayedatthelibrary.D)Thelabwillbeabetterplaceforreading.4.A)Checkthefigureslatertoday.B)Dothecalculationsagaintomorrow.C)Bringacalculatortomorrow.D)Calculatethenumberrightnow.5.A)Shedoesn’tremembermuchaboutthecity.B)She’sneverbeentothecity.C)Shewouldfindsomeoneelsetohelp.D)Shewouldtalktothemanlater.6.A)Shethinksthemanshouldhavehelpedearlier.B)Shedoesn’tneedtheman’shelp.C)Shedoesn’tknowtheboxesareheavy.D)Shewantsthemantohelpwiththeboxes.n7.A)Sheletthemanuseherbooksfortheweekend.B)Shebroughtthebooksthemanaskedfor.C)Sheborrowedthebooksfromtheman.D)Sheofferedtohelptheman.8.A)She’dliketohavethewindowsopen.B)Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.C)Theairisheavilypolluted.D)Thewindowsarealreadyopen.9.A)He’sgoingtovisitaphotostudio.B)He’sjusthadhispicturetaken.C)He’sonthewaytothetheater.D)He’sjustreturnedfromajobinterview.10.A)Atagasstation.B)Inapark.C)Inanemergencyroom.D)Atagarage.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Onesixthofthemareseriouslypolluted.B)Onethirdofthemareseriouslypolluted.C)Halfofthemareseriouslypolluted.D)Mostofthemareseriouslypolluted.12.A)Therewasnogarbagelefttocleanup.B)Therewasmoregarbagethanbeforeandtheyhadtoworkharder.C)Theriverhadbecomesocleanthatalotofwater-birdscameback.D)Theriverwasmuchcleanerandtheyhadtosearchforgarbage.13.A)Mostofthemwouldbeindifferentandkeeponthrowinggarbageintotheriver.B)Theywouldjointhestudentsinchangingthesituation.C)Theywouldbecomemoreawareofthepollutionproblem.D)Theywouldthinktwicebeforetheywentswimmingorfishingintheriver.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Whypeopleholdbacktheirtears.B)Whypeoplecry.C)Howtorestrainone’stears.D)Howtearsareproduced.15.A)Whatchemicalstearsarecomposedof.B)Whethercryingreallyhelpsusfeelbetter.C)Whysomepeopletendtocrymoreoftenthanothers.D)Howtearshelppeoplecopewithemotionalproblems.n16.A)Onlyoneoutoffourgirlscrieslessoftenthanboys.B)Offourboys,onlyonecriesveryoften.C)Girlscryfourtimesasoftenasboys.D)Onlyoneoutoffourbabiesdoesn’tcryoften.17.A)Onlyhumansrespondtoemotionsbysheddingtears.B)Onlyhumansshedtearstogetridofirritatingstuffintheireyes.C)Onlyhumantearscanresisttheinvadingbacteria.D)Onlyhumantearscandischargecertainchemicals.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Theymakedecisionsbytossingcoins.B)Theyarenotphysicallyseparated.C)Theythinkexactlythesameway.D)Theysharemostoftheirvitalorgans.19.A)Fewofthemcanlivelong.B)Fewofthemgetalongwellwitheachother.C)Mostofthemliveanormallife.D)Mostofthemdifferintheirlikesanddislikes.20.A)Theygotoaregularschool.B)Theyattendaspecialschool.C)Theyaretaughtbytheirparents.D)Theyhaveaprivatetutor.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.Ourlinguistic(语言上的)andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingual(多语言的)guidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.nFormanyyears,Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwayshetheupperhand.21.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably________.A)standstillB)jumpasideC)stepforwardD)drawback22.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir________.A)culturalself-centerednessB)casualmannersC)indifferencetowardsforeignvisitorsD)arrogancetowardsothercultures23.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans________.A)areisolatedbythelocalpeopleB)arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrierC)tendtogetalongwellwiththenativesD)needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants24.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill________.A)affecttheirimageintheneweraB)cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldC)limittheirroleinworldaffairsD)weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar25.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat________.A)itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriendsB)itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairsC)itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplacesD)itistimetogetacquaintedwithotherculturesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Indepartmentstoresandclosetsallovertheworld,theyarewaiting.Theiroutwardappearanceseemsratherappealingbecausetheycomeinavarietyofstyles,textures,andcolors.Buttheyareultimatelythebiggestdeceptionthatexistsinthefashionindustrytoday.Whatarethey?Theyarehighheels—awoman’sworstenemy(whethersheknowsitornot).Highheelshoesarethedownfallofmodernsociety.Fashionmythshaveledwomentobelievethattheyaremorebeautifulorsophisticatedforwearingheels,butinreality,heelssucceedinposingshortaswellaslongtermhardships.Womenshouldfightthehighheelindustrybyrefusingtouseorpurchasetheminordertosavetheworldfromunnecessaryphysicalandpsychologicalsuffering.Forthesakeoffairness,itmustbenotedthatthereisapositivesidetohighheels.First,heelsareexcellentforaerating(使通气)lawns.AnyonewhohaseverwornheelsongrassknowswhatIamtalkingabout.Asimpletriparoundtheyardinapairofthosebabieseliminatesallneedtocallforalawncarespecialist,andprovidestheperfect-sizedholestogiveanylawnoxygenwithoutallthosemessychunksofdirtlyingaround.Second,heelsarequitefunctionalfordefenseagainstoncomingenemies,whocaneasilybescaredawaybythreateningthemwithapairofthesesharp,deadlyfashionaccessories.nRegardlessofsuchpracticalusesforheels,thefactremainsthatwearinghighheelsisharmfultoone’sphysicalhealth.Talktoanypodiatrist(足病医生)，andyouwillhearthatthemajorityoftheirbusinesscomesfromhigh-heel-wearingwomen.Highheelsareknowntocauseproblemssuchasdeformedfeetandtorntoenails.Theriskofseverebackproblemsandtwistedorbrokenanklesisthreetimeshigherforaflatshoewearer.Wearingheelsalsocreatesthethreatofgettingaheelcaughtinasidewalkcrackorasewer-grate(阴沟栅)andbeingthrowntotheground—possiblybreakinganose,back,orneck.Andofcourse,afterwearingheelsforaday,anywomanknowsshecanlookforwardtoanightofpainasshetriestocomfortherswollen,achingfeet.26.Whatmakeswomenblindtothedeceptivenatureofhighheels?A)Themulti-functionaluseofhighheels.B)Theirattempttoshowofftheirstatus.C)Therichvarietyofhighheelstyles.D)Theirwishtoimprovetheirappearance.27.Theauthor’spresentationofthepositivesideofhighheelsismeant________.A)tobeironicB)topokefunatwomenC)tobefairtothefashionindustryD)tomakehispointconvincing28.Theauthorusestheexpression“thosebabies”(Line3,Para.2)torefertohighheels________.A)toshowtheirfragilecharacteristicsB)toindicatetheirfemininefeaturesC)toshowwomen’saffectionforthemD)toemphasizetheirsmallsize29.Theauthor’schiefargumentagainsthighheelsisthat________.A)theyposeathreattolawnsB)theyareinjurioustowomen’shealthC)theydon’tnecessarilymakewomenbeautifulD)theyareineffectiveasaweaponofdefense30.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwomenshould________.A)seethroughtheverynatureoffashionmythsB)boycotttheproductsofthefashionindustryC)gotoapodiatristregularlyforadviceD)avoidfollowingfashiontoocloselyPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickering(闪烁)atthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitude(独处的状态)goestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofnpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic(心理的),andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfactofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.31.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is________.A)ratherbleakB)fairlybrightC)veryimpressiveD)quiteencouraging32.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis________.A)elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassicsB)thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.C)themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreadingD)thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass33.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis________.A)theirfondnessofmusicandTVprogramsB)theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliteratureC)theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstandingD)theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput34.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis________.A)tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeitB)toanalyzeitsessentialfeaturesC)tothinkitoverconscientiouslyD)tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue35.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels________.A)upsetB)uncertainC)alarmedD)pessimisticPassageFourQuestions35to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.TodayMarslooms（隐约出现）ashumanity’snextgreatterraincognita（未探明之地）.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisnoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakealeadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers:ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteorite（陨石）fromvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.36.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplacesinthepastwas________.A)todisplaytheircountry’smilitarymightB)toaccomplishsomesignificantscienceC)tofindnewareasforcolonizationD)topursuecommercialandstateinterests37.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis________.A)internationalcooperationB)scientificresearchC)nationalisticreasonsD)long-termprofits38.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?A)Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.B)Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.C)Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.D)Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.39.Bysaying“WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen”(Line1,Para.4),theauthormeansthat________.A)withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventuresB)inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhighC)inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbeforeD)withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue40.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould________.A)makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflifeB)confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteoriteC)revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginatesD)provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniversePartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)choosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Ifyouwantthispainkiller,you’llhavetoaskthedoctorfora________.A)transactionB)permitnC)settlementD)prescription42.The________formchildhoodtoadulthoodisalwayscriticaltimeforeverybody.A)conversionB)transitionC)turnoverD)transformation43.Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora________.A)concessionB)recessionC)submissionD)transmission44.Hisuseofcolor,lightandformquicklydepartedfromtheconventionalstyleofhisas________hedevelopedowntechnique.A)descendantsB)predecessorsC)successorsD)ancestors45.Failureinarequiredsubjectmayresultinthe________ofadiploma.A)refusalB)betrayalC)denialD)burial46.Tohelpstudentsunderstandhowwesee,teachersoftendrawan________betweenaneyeandacamera.A)imageB)analogyC)denialD)axis47.A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat________girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.A)assigningB)admittingC)involvingD)enrolling48.Theauthorofreportiswell________withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.A)acquaintedB)informedC)accustomedD)known49.Whenthefarmersvisitedthecitythefirsttime,theywere________byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.A)precludesB)bewilderedC)divertedD)expiresn50.IfJapan________itsrelationwiththatcountryitwillhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.A)precludesB)terminatesC)partitionsD)expires51.Theywere________intheirscientificresearch,notknowingwhathappenedjustoutsidetheirlab.A)submergedB)drownedC)immersedD)dipped52.Youshould________tooneormoreweeklymagazinessuchastime,orNewsweek.A)ascribeB)orderC)reclaimD)subscribe53.Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets________theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.A)furnishB)induceC)facilitateD)allocate54.Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely________fromthisroutine.A)deviatedB)disconnectedC)detachedD)distorted55.Thelittlegirlwas________bythedeathofherdogsinceheraffectionforthepethadbeenrealanddeep.A)grievedB)suppressedC)oppressedD)sustained56.Avisitortoamuseumtodaywouldnotice________changesinthewaymuseumsareoperated.A)cognitiveB)conspicuousC)rigorousD)exclusive57.Mostpeopletendtothinktheyaresoefficientattheirjobthattheyare________.A)inaccessibleB)irreversibleC)immovableD)irreplaceable58.Beingimpatientis________withbeingagoodteacher.A)intrinsicB)ingeniousC)incompatibleD)inherentn59.Foraparticularreason,hewantedtheinformationtobetreatedas________.A)assuredB)reservedC)intimateD)confidential60.Fortune-tellersaregoodatmarking________statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange.”A)philosophicalB)ambiguousC)literalD)invalid61.Thetenantmushbepreparedtodecoratethehouse________thetermsofthecontract.A)inthevicinityofB)inquestofC)inaccordancewithD)incollaborationwith62.Thewinnersofthefootballchampionshipranoffthefieldcarryingthesilvercup________.A)turbulentlyB)tremendouslyC)triumphantlyD)tentatively63.Hesaidthattheyhad________beenobligedtogiveuptheschemeforlackofsupport.A)gravelyB)regrettablyC)forciblyD)graciously64.Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis________stated.A)extravagantlyB)empiricallyC)exceptionallyD)explicitly65.Thereclaimstodamageshavenotbeenconvincingly________.A)refutedB)depressedC)overwhelmedD)intimidated66.Pleasedon’t________toomuchonthepainfulmemories.Everythingwillbeallright.A)hesitateB)lingerC)retainD)dwell67.Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistsseemed________tohim,butonedayhediscoveredtheirdifference.A)identicalB)verticalC)parallelnD)specific68.Marybecame________homesickandcriticaloftheUnitedStates,sothefledfromherhomeinwestBloomfieldtoherhometowninAustria.A)completelyB)sincerelyC)absolutelyD)increasingly69.Despitealmostuniversal________ofthevitalimportanceofwomen’sliteracy,educationremainsadreamforfartoomanywomeninfartoomanycountriesoftheworld.A)identificationB)complimentC)confessionD)acknowledgement70.Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe________fordefiningmentalillness.A)legislationB)requirementC)criteriaD)measures试卷二PartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Morepeopleoftuberculosis(结核病)thanofanyotherdiseasecausedbyasingleagent.Thishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhite.Duringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventhdeathsisEurope’scrowdedcitieswerecausedbythedisease.Fromnowon,though,westerneyes,missingtheglobalpicture,sawthetroublegoingintodecline.Withoccasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathandinfectionintheEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadilythroughthe19thand20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,theintroductionofantibiotics(抗菌素)strengthenedthetrendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowedtobeimportedtopoorcountries.Medicalresearchersdeclaredvictoryandwithdrew.Theyarewrong.Inthemid-1980sthefrequencyofinfectionsanddeathsstartedtopickupagainaroundtheworld.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcameback;inmanyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter.TheWorldHeathOrganizationestimatesthat1.7billionpeople(athirdoftheearth’spopulation)sufferfromtuberculosis.Eventheinfectionratewasfalling,populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinicalcasesmoreorlessconstantlyat8millionayear.Around3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoorcountries.PartVWriting(30)minutesDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareZhangYing.WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringtheweek-longholiday.Youshouldwritenatleast120wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese.1.表示欢迎2.提出对度假安排的建议3.提醒应注意的事项ALettertoaSchoolmateJune23,2001DearXiaoWang,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,ZhangYing2001年6月六级参考答案PartI1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.A9.B10.D11.B12.D13.C14.B15.D16.C17.A18.B19.A20.APartII21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.D27.B28.D29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.A35.B36.D37.C38.A39.B40.CPartIII41.D42.B43.B44.B45.C46.B47.D48.A49.B50.B51.C52.D53.C54.A55.A56.C57.D58.C59.D60.B61.C62.C63.B64.D65.A66.D67.A68.D69.D70.CPartIV71.in→for72.seventh→seven73.were→was74.now→then75.the→/76.imported→exported77.are→weren78.tuberculosis∧vanished→had79.better→worse80.constantly→constant2001年6月六级听力原文1.W:I’mtryingtofindouthowthisdishwasherworks,themanualisinFrench,Ican’twaitforBilltotranslateitforme.M:Don’tworry,Mary,Icandothedishesbeforethemachinestartstowork.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?2.M:ThedoctorsaidifIkeptsmoking,Iwouldincreasemychancesofhavingaheartattack.W:Didhesuggestreducingweight,too?Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshouldalsodo?3.W:Thepeoplenextdooraremakingsomuchnoise,Ijustcan’tconcentrateon.M:Whydon’tyoustayatthelibrary?It’smuchquietthere.Q:WhatdoesTommean?4.M:Thisishopeless,thesefiguresstilldon’taddupright,let’sdothecalculationsoveragain.W:Yes,butwhynotdothemtomorrow?It’sverylatenow.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheydo?5.M:Tocollectadataformyreport,Ineedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsthatsmallcityverywell.Iwastoldthatyoulivedthereforquitealongtime.W:Oh,IwishIcouldhelp,butIwasonlyachildthen.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?6.M:Areyoumovingintoanewhouse?Needahandwiththoseboxes?W:That’sokay,Icanmanage.Theylookbig,butaren’tveryheavyactually.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.M:It’sgoodyoubroughtthebooksback.W:Ithoughtyoumightneednovelsattheweekend.Thanksforlettingmeusethem.Q:Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?8.M:Doyouwanttoturnontheairconditioneroropenthewindow?W:Ilovefreshairifyoudon’tmind.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman’sanswer?9.W:Hi,Michael,Icanhardlyrecognizeyou,whyareyoudresseduptoday?Areyougoingtothetheatre?M:No,actually,Ijusthadaninterviewatthephotostudiothismorning.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutMichaelfromthisconversation?10.M:Goodmorning,whatcanIdoforyou?W:I’dliketohavemyemergencybrakefixed.ThecarrollswhenIparkitonthehill.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?PassageoneLastAugust,Susanand42otherstudentsgotwetanddirtywhileremovingsixtonsofgarbagefromtheriverrunningacrosstheircity.Theycleaneduptheriveraspartofaweek-longenvironmentalcamp.LikeoneinthreeAmericanrivers,thisriverissopollutedthatit’sunsafeforswimmingandfishing,still,Susan,whohasjustcompletedherthirdsummerontheriverclean-up,scenehaschangedinthisriver.“Sincewestartedthreeyearsago,theriverisgettingalotcleaner”,shesays.Environmentalscientistspraisedtheteenagersforremovinggarbagethatcanharmwildlife.Waterbirds,forexample,canchokeonplasticbottleringsandgetcutbyscrapmetal.Threeyearsago,whenthenclean-upstarted,garbagewaseverywhere,butthisyear,theteenagershadtohuntforgarbage.Theyturntheclean-upintoacompetitiontoseewhocouldfindthemostgarbageandunloadtheirboatsfastest.Bytheendofthesixhourshift,theyhaveremovedenoughgarbagetofillmorethantwolargetrucks.“Seeingalltheirgarbageintherivermakespeoplebegintocareaboutenvironmentalissues,”Susansays.Shehopesthatwhenothersreadthatsheandherpeerscareenoughtocleanitup,maybetheywillthinktwicebeforetheythrowgarbageintheriver.Questions11-13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhatdoesthepassagetellusaboutAmericanrivers?12.Whatdidthestudentsfindwhentheycametotheriverthisyear?13.Whatistheexpectedreactionofthelocalpeopletothestudents’efforts?PassageTwoWhydowecry?Canyouimaginelifewithouttears?Notonlydotearskeepyoureyeslubricated,theyalsocontainasubstancethatkillscertainbacteriasotheycan’tinfectyoureyes.Giveupyourtears,andyou’lllosethison-the-spotdefense.Nobodywantstogiveupthefloodofextratearsyouproducewhenyougetsomethingphysicalorchemicalinyoureyes.Tearsareverygoodatwashingthisirritatingstuffout.Anotherthingyoucouldn’tdowithoutyourtearsiscryfromjoy,angerorsadness.Humansaretheonlyanimalsthatproducetearsinresponsetoemotions,andmostpeoplesayagoodcrymakesthemfeelbetter.Manyscientists,therefore,believethatcryingsomehowhelpsuscopewithemotionalsituations.Tearresearcher,Winifred,istryingtofigureouthowithappens.Onepossibilityhesaysisthattearsdischargecertainchemicalsfromyourbody,chemicalsthatbuildupduringstress.Whenpeopletalkaboutcryingitout,“Ithinkthatmightactuallybewhattheyaredoing”,hesays.IfFredisright,whatdoyouthinkwillhappentopeoplewhorestraintheirtears?Boys,forexample,cryonlyaboutaquarterasoftenasgirlsoncetheyreachteenageyears,andweallcryalotlessnowthanwedidasbabies.Coulditpossiblybethatwefacelessstress?Maybewefoundanotherwaystodealwithit,ormaybewejustfeelembarrassed.Questions14-17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.What’sthetopicdiscussedinthispassage?15.WhatisWinifredtryingtofindout?16.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutteenageboysandgirls?17.What’sthedifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandotheranimalswhensheddingtears?PassagethreeImagingthis:youwakeupeachmorningtofindyoursisterlyingbesideyou,togetdressedandtieyourshoes,youuseonehandandsheusesanother.Youdoeverythingouttogether,too,evensittingonthesamechairatlunchandridingonthesamebicycle.That’swhatlifeislikeforsix-year-oldBettyandAbby.Likemosttwins,thetwogirlslookverymuchalike,butunlikemosttwins,BettyandAbbysharepartsofthesamebody.TwinslikeBettyandAbbyarerare.Onlyabout40setsarebornintheUnitedStateseachyear.FewsurviveaslongasBettyandAbby.That’sbecausetwinsoftensharevitalorgans,likeaheartorbrain.Thesharedorgansareoftenbadlyshapedandmaynotbestrongenoughtosupportbothtwins.ButBettyandAbbyeachhasherownhead,heartandstomachwhichfunctionnormally.Becauseshehasthreeorfourlungswhichprovideplentyofoxygenforbothtwins.Mostoftheircompletelysharedorgansliebelowthewaist.BettyAndAbbyliverelativelynormallives.Theyattendaregularschool,andeachdoesherownschoolwork.Theyprefertodosomeprojectstogether,though,forexample,tocutoutpaperdolls,onetwinholdsthepaper,whiletheotherusesthescissors.Butsometimes,thegirlsdon’twanttodothesamething,forexample,sometimestheywanttoplaywithdifferenttoys.Whatdotheydothen?“Wetossacoin”,saysAbby.Questions18-20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.Inwhataspect,doBettyandAbbydifferfrommosttwins?19.Whatdoesthepassagetellusabouttwinswhosharepartsofthesamebody?20.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheeducationofthetwingirls?n2002年1月12日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷试卷一PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Allthepassengerswerekilled.B)Theplanecrashedinthenight.C)Nomoresurvivorshavebeenfound.D)It’stoolatetosearchforsurvivors.2.A)Itsresultswerejustasexpected.B)Itwasn’tverywelldesigned.C)Itfullyreflectedthestudents’ability.D)Itsresultsfellshortofherexpectations.3.A)Hebelievesdancingisenjoyable.B)Hedefinitelydoesnotlikedancing.C)Headmiresthosewhodance.D)Hewon’tdanceuntilhehasdonehiswork.4.A)Hiscomputerdoesn’tworkwell.B)Heisn’tgettingalongwithhisstaff.C)Hedidn’tregisterforapropercourse.D)Hecan’tapplythetheorytohisprogram.5.A)Readingonthecampuslawn.B)Depositingmoneyinthebank.C)Applyingforfinancialaid.D)Reviewingastudent’sapplication.6.A)Anewshuttlebus.B)Ascheduledspaceflight.C)Anairplaneflight.nD)Thefirstspaceflight.7.A)Thedeadlineisdrawingnear.B)Shecan’tmeetthedeadline.C)Sheturnedintheproposalstoday.D)Theyaretwodaysaheadoftime.8.A)Bygoingonadiet.B)Byhavingfewermeals.C)Bydoingphysicalexercise.D)Byeatingfruitandvegetables.9.A)Heenjoyeditasawhole.B)Hedidn’tthinkmuchofit.C)Hedidn’tlikeitatall.D)Helikedsomepartsofit.10.A)Itlooksquitenew.B)Itneedstoberepaired.C)Itlooksold,butitrunswell.D)Itsengineneedstobepainted.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Experienceinnegotiating.B)Ahighlevelofintelligence.C)Thetimetheyspendonpreparation.D)Theamountofpaytheyreceive.12.A)Studythecasecarefullybeforehand.B)Sticktoasettarget.C)Appearfriendlytotheotherparty.D)Trytobeflexibleabouttheirterms.13.A)Makesurethereisnomisunderstanding.B)Trytopersuadebygivingvariousreasons.C)Repeatthesamereasons.D)Listencarefullyandpatientlytotheotherparty.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theyeathugeamountsoffood.B)Theyusuallyeattwiceaday.C)Theyusuallyeattotheirhearts’content.D)Theyeatmuchlessthanpeopleassume.15.A)Whenitisbreeding.B)Whenitfeelsthreatenedbyhumansinitsterritory.C)Whenitsoffspringisthreatened.nD)Whenitissufferingfromillness.16.A)Theyarenotasdangerousaspeoplethink.B)Theycanbeasfriendlytohumansasdogs.C)Theyattackhumanbeingsbynature.D)Theyarereallytameseaanimals.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Becausepeoplemighthavetomigratetheresomeday.B)Becauseitisverymuchliketheearth.C)Becauseitiseasiertoexplorethanotherplanets.D)Becauseitsatmosphereisdifferentfromthatoftheearth.18.A)Itschemicalelementsmustbestudied.B)Itstemperaturemustbelowered.C)Bigspaceshipsmustbebuilt.D)Itsatmospheremustbechanged.19.A)ItinfluencesthesurfacetemperatureofMars.B)Itprotectslivingbeingsfromharmfulrays.C)Itkeepsaplanetfromoverheating.D)Itisthemaincomponentoftheairpeoplebreathe.20.A)Manwillprobablybeabletolivetherein200years.B)Scientistsareratherpessimisticaboutit.C)Manwillprobablybeabletolivetherein100,000years’time.D)Scientistsareoptimisticaboutovercomingthedifficultiessoon.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,likeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturn-by-turndirections—spokenbyaclearhuman-soundingvoice,andwrittenonascreeninfrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantenna(天线)thattakessignalsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24globalpositioningsystem(GPS)satellites.Bymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaltotravelbetweenthesatellitesandtheantenna,thecar’slocationcanbepinneddownwithin100meters.Thesatellitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeedfromawheel-speedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar’spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamapdatabase.Streets,landmarksandpointsofinterestareincluded.Mostsystemsarebasicallyidentical.Thedifferencescomeinhardware—thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver’srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverentersadesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouchscreenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpointtoanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.nBMW’ssystemoffersasetofcrosshairs(瞄准器上的十字纹)thatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhaveseveralchoicesofmapscale)topickapointyou’dliketogetto.Audi’sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthatrecitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemslikeBMW’sandLexus’shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavailableinFrench,German,Spanish,DutchandItalian,aswellasEnglish.Thedrivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,shortestornofreeways(高速公路),forexample.21.Welearnfromthepassagethatnavigationcomputers________.A)willgreatlypromotesalesofautomobilesB)mayhelpsolvepotentialtrafficproblemsC)arelikelytobeacceptedbymoredriversD)willsoonbeviewedasasymbolofluxury22.Withanavigationcomputer,adriverwilleasilyfindthebestroutetohisdestination________.A)byinputtingtheexactaddressB)byindicatingthelocationofhiscarC)bycheckinghiscomputerdatabaseD)bygivingvocalorderstothecomputer23.Despitetheirvarieddesigns,navigationcomputersusedincars________.A)aremoreorlessthesamepriceB)providedirectionsinmuchthesamewayC)workonmoreorlessthesameprinciplesD)receiveinstructionsfromthesamesatellites24.Thenavigationcomputerfunctions________.A)bymeansofadirectionfinderandaspeeddetectorB)basicallyonsatellitesignalsandamapdatabaseC)mainlythroughthereceptionofturn-by-turndirectionsD)byusingascreentodisplaysatellitesignals25.ThenavigationsystemsincarslikeLexus,BMWandAudiarementionedtoshow________.A)theimmaturityofthenewtechnologyB)thesuperiorityoftheglobalpositioningsystemC)thecauseofpricefluctuationsincarequipmentD)thedifferentwaysofprovidingguidancetothedriverPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Theworld’senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss.”Ifthatwereanexaminationtopic,moststudentswouldtearitapart,offeringalonglistofcomplaints:fromlocalsmog(烟雾)toglobalclimatechange,fromthefelling(砍伐)offoreststotheextinctionofspecies.Thelistwouldlargelybeaccurate,theconcernlegitimate.Yetthestudentswhoshouldbegiventhehighestmarkswouldactuallybethosewhoagreedwiththestatement.Thesurpriseishowgoodthingsare,nothowbad.Afterall,theworld’spopulationhasmorethantripledduringthiscentury,andworldoutputhasrisenhugely,soyouwouldexpecttheearthitselftohavebeenaffected.Indeed,ifpeoplelived,consumedandproducedthingsinthesamewayastheydidin1900(or1950,orindeed1980),theworldbynowwouldbeaprettydisgustingplace:smelly,dirty,toxicanddangerous.Buttheydon’t.Thereasonswhytheydon’t,andwhytheenvironmenthasnotbeenmined,havetodowithprices,technologicalinnovation,socialchangeandgovernmentregulationinresponsetopopularpressure.Thatiswhy,today’senvironmentalproblemsinthepoorcountriesought,inprinciple,tobesolvable.Rawmaterialshavenotrunout,andshownosignofdoingso.Logically,onedaytheymust:theplanetisafinitenplace.Yetitisalsoverybig,andmanisveryingenious.Whathashappenedisthateverytimeamaterialseemstoberunningshort,thepricehasrisenand,inresponse,peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply,triedtofindwaystouselessofthematerial,orlookedforanewsubstitute.Forthisreasonpricesforenergyandformineralshavefalleninrealtermsduringthecentury.Thesameistrueforfood.Pricesfluctuate,inresponsetoharvests,naturaldisastersandpoliticalinstability;andwhentheyrise,ittakessometimebeforenewsourcesofsupplybecomeavailable.Buttheyalwaysdo,assistedbynewfarmingandcroptechnology.Thelongtermtrendhasbeendownwards.Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthisbenign(良性的)trendbeginstostumble,andthegenuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeeptheenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresourceconcerned,noonehasaninterestinconservingitorfosteringit:fishisthebestexampleofthis.26.Accordingtotheauthor,moststudents________.A)believetheworld’senvironmentisinanundesirableconditionB)agreethattheenvironmentoftheworldisnotasbadasitisthoughttobeC)gethighmarksfortheirgoodknowledgeoftheworld’senvironmentD)appearsomewhatunconcernedaboutthestateoftheworld’senvironment27.Thehugeincreaseinworldproductionandpopulation________.A)hasmadetheworldaworseplacetoliveinB)hashadapositiveinfluenceontheenvironmentC)hasnotsignificantlyaffectedtheenvironmentD)hasmadetheworldadangerousplacetolivein28.Oneofthereasonswhythelong-termtrendofpriceshasbeendownwardsisthat________.A)technologicalinnovationcanpromotesocialstabilityB)politicalinstabilitywillcauseconsumptiontodropC)newfarmingandcroptechnologycanleadtooverproductionD)newsourcesarealwaysbecomingavailable29.Fishresourcesarediminishingbecause________.A)nonewsubstitutescanbefoundinlargequantitiesB)theyarenotownedbyanyparticularentityC)impropermethodsoffishinghaveminedthefishinggroundsD)waterpollutionisextremelyserious30.Theprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsis________.A)toallowmarketforcestooperateproperlyB)tocurbconsumptionofnaturalresourcesC)tolimitthegrowthoftheworldpopulationD)toavoidfluctuationsinpricesPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aboutthetimethatschoolsandothersquitereasonablybecameinterestedinseeingtoitthatallchildren,whatevertheirbackground,werefairlytreated,intelligencetestingbecameunpopular.Somethoughtitwasunfairtominoritychildren.Throughthepastfewdecadessuchtestinghasgoneoutoffashionandmanycommunitieshaveindeedforbiddenit.However,paradoxically,justrecentlyagroupofblackparentsfiledalawsuit(诉讼)inCaliforniaclaimingthatthestate’sbanonIQtestingdiscriminatesagainsttheirchildrenbydenyingthemtheopportunitytotakethetest.(Theybelieved,correctly,thatIQtestsareavalidmethodofevaluatingchildrenforspecialeducationclasses.)Thejudge,therefore,reversed,atleastpartially,hisoriginaldecision.Andsotheargumentgoesonandon.Doesitbenefitorharmchildrenfromminoritygroupstohavetheirintelligencentested?Wehavealwaysbeenonthesideofpermitting,evenfacilitating,suchtesting.Ifachildofanycolororgroupisdoingpoorlyinschoolitseemstousveryimportanttoknowwhetheritisbecauseheorsheisoflowintelligence,orwhethersomeotherfactoristhecause.Whatschoolandfamilycandotoimprovepoorperformanceisinfluencedbyitscause.Itisnotdiscriminativetoevaluateeitherachild’sphysicalconditionorhisintellectuallevel.Unfortunately,intellectuallevelseemstobeasensitivesubject,andwhatthelawallowsustodovariesfromtimetotime.Thesamefluctuationbackandforthoccursinareasotherthanintelligence.Thirtyyearsorsoago,forinstance,whitefamilieswereencouragedtoadoptblackchildren.Itwasconsidereddiscriminativenottodoso.Andthenthestylechangedandthiscross-racialadoptingbecamegenerallyunpopular,andsocialagenciesfeltthatblackchildrenshouldgotoblackfamiliesonly.Itishardtosaywhatarethebestprocedures.Butsurelygoodwillonthepartofallofusisneeded.Astointelligence,inouropinion,themoreweknowaboutanychild’sintellectuallevel,thebetterforthechildinquestion.31.Whydidtheintelligencetestbecomeunpopularinthepastfewdecades?A)Itsvaliditywaschallengedbymanycommunities.B)Itwasconsidereddiscriminativeagainstminoritychildren.C)Itmetwithstrongoppositionfromthemajorityofblackparents.D)Itdeprivedtheblackchildrenoftheirrightstoagoodeducation.32.TherecentlegalactiontakenbysomeblackparentsinCaliforniaaimedto________.A)drawpublicattentiontoIQtestingB)putanendtospecialeducationC)removethestate’sbanonintelligencetestsD)havetheirchildrenenterwhiteschools33.Theauthorbelievesthatintelligencetesting________.A)mayeaseracialconfrontationintheUnitedStatesB)canencourageblackchildrentokeepupwithwhitechildrenC)mayseriouslyaggravateracialdiscriminationintheUnitedStatesD)canhelpblackparentsmakedecisionsabouttheirchildren’seducation34.Theauthor’sopinionofchildadoptionseemstobethat________.A)noruleswhatsoevercanbeprescribedB)whitefamiliesshouldadoptblackchildrenC)adoptionshouldbebasedonIQtestresultsD)cross-racialadoptionistobeadvocated35.Childadoptionismentionedinthepassagetoshowthat________.A)goodwillmaysometimescomplicateracialproblemsB)socialsurroundingsarevitaltothehealthygrowthofchildrenC)intelligencetestingalsoappliestonon-academicareasD)AmericanopinioncanshiftwhenitcomestosensitiveissuesPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople’snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokin(亲戚)andneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfactnhasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity(多样性).Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitan(见多识广者的)outlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?A)Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.B)Anargumentisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsgiven.C)Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.D)Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven.37.Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents________.A)didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighborsB)couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationshipsC)tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehaviorD)usuallyhadmorefriends38.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamongneighbors________.A)disruptpeople’snaturalrelationsB)makethemworryaboutcrimeC)causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanotherD)causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis,________.A)thebetteritsqualityoflifeB)themoresimilaritsinterestsC)themoretolerantandopen-mindeditisD)thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress40.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall-towndwellers.B)Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.C)Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodernlife.D)Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),nC)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Theladyinthisstrangetaleveryobviouslysuffersfromaseriousmentalillness.Herplotagainstacompletelyinnocentoldmanisaclearsignof________.A)impulseB)insanityC)inspirationD)disposition42.ThePrimeMinisterwasfollowedbyfiveorsix________whenhegotofftheplane.A)laymenB)servantsC)directorsD)attendants43.Thereisnodoubtthatthe________ofthesegoodstotheothersiseasytosee.A)prestigeB)superiorityC)priorityD)publicity44.Alltheguestswereinvitedtoattendthewedding________andhadaverygoodtime.A)feastB)congratulationsC)festivalD)recreation45.Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight________are.A)paymentsB)chargesC)fundsD)prices46.Themanagergaveherhis________thathercomplaintwouldbeinvestigated.A)assuranceB)assumptionC)sanctionD)insurance47.Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose________.A)temperamentB)contaminationC)scrutinyD)symmetry48.Wearedoingthisworkinthe________ofreformsintheeconomic,socialandculturalspheres.A)contextB)contestC)pretextD)texture49.Whileafullunderstandingofwhatcausesthediseasemaybeseveralyearsaway,________leadingtoansuccessfultreatmentcouldcomemuchsooner.A)adistinctionB)abreakthroughC)anidentificationD)aninterpretation50.Doctorsareoftencaughtina________becausetheyhavetodecidewhethertheyshouldtelltheirpatientsthetruthornot.A)puzzleB)perplexityC)dilemmaD)bewilderment51.To________importantdatesinhistory,countriescreatespecialholidays.A)commendB)memorizeC)propagateD)commemorate52.HissuccessfulnegotiationswiththeAmericanshelpedhimto________hispositioninhegovernment.A)contriveB)consolidateC)heaveD)intensify53.Pleasedonotbe________byhisoffensiveremarkssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.A)distractedB)disregardedC)irritatedD)intervened54.Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould________themassoonaspossible.A)rectifyB)reclaimC)refrainD)reckon55.Hewouldn’tanswerthereporters’questions,norwouldhe________foraphotograph.A)summonB)highlightC)poseD)marshal56.Theclubwill________newmembersthefirstweekinSeptember.A)enrollB)subscribeC)absorbD)register57.Ifyoudon’t________thechildrenproperly,Mr.Chiver,they’lljustrunriot.A)mobilizeB)warrantC)manipulatenD)supervise58.Alreadytheclassis________aboutwhoournewteacherwillbe.A)foreseeingB)speculatingC)fabricatingD)contemplating59.Weshould________ourenergyandyouthtothedevelopmentofourcountry.A)dedicateB)caterC)ascribeD)cling60.JustbecauseI’m________tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.A)redundantB)trivialC)versatileD)subordinate61.Manyscientistsremain________aboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.A)skepticalB)stationaryC)spaciousD)specific62.Depressionisoftencausedbythe________effectsofstressandoverwork.A)totalB)increasedC)terrificD)cumulative63.Ahuman’seyesightisnotas________asthatofaneagle.A)eccentricB)acuteC)sensibleD)sensitive64.Itis________thatwomenshouldbepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamekindofwork.A)abruptB)absurdC)adverseD)addictive65.Shoesofthiskindare________tosliponwetground.A)feasibleB)appropriateC)aptD)fitting66.We’llbeverycarefulandkeepwhatyou’vetoldusstrictly________.A)rigorousB)confidentialC)privatenD)mysterious67.ThemembersofParliamentwere________thatthegovernmenthadnotconsultedthem.A)impatientB)tolerantC)crudeD)indignant68.SomeAmericancollegesarestate-supported,othersareprivately________,andstillothersaresupportedbyreligiousorganizations.A)ensuredB)attributedC)authorizedD)endowed69.Theprisonguardswerearmedandreadytoshootif________inanyway.A)intervenedB)incurredC)provokedD)poked70.Manypuremetalshavelittleusebecausetheyaretoosoft,rusttooeasily,orhavesomeother________.A)drawbacksB)handicapsC)bruisesD)blunders试卷二PartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewingbiologically,themodern(S1)footballerisrevealedasamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimisinaccurateandhe(S2)scoresagoal,enjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.(S3)Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacewemustbrieflylookupatourancientancestors.Theyspentovera(S4)millionyearevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirverysurvival(S5)dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eveniftheirbodies,becameradically(S6)changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandprey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-group(S7)attackers.Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,whenthisimmensely(S8)longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewuse-thatofpenning(把......n关在圈中),(S9)controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesoffarmingwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.(S10)PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。2002年1月12日六级参考答案PartIListeningcomprehension1.C2.D3.B4.D5.C6.B7.A8.C9.A10.C11.C12.A13.B14.D15.B16.A17.A18.D19.D20.BPartIIReadingcomprehension21.B22.A23.C24.B25.B26.A27.C28.D29.B30.A31.B32.C33.A34.D35.D36.A37.B38.C39.C40.APartIII.Vocabulary41.A42.D43.B44.A45.B46.A47.C48.A49.D50.C51.D52.B53.C54.A55.C56.C57.D58.B59.A60.D61.A62.D63.B64.B65.C66.B67.D68.D69.C70.APartIVErrorCorrectionS1.Viewing在句中作状语，与句子主语modernfootballer之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词，所以Viewing应改为Viewed.S2.根据概念同现原理，目标准确才有可能得分高，所以从scoreshigh来判断，inaccurate是错误的，应改为accurate.S3.句子缺少主语，根据主从句的意思来看，主语应该是he,所以在enjoys前加主语he.S4.lookupat为短语重叠，lookup表示“敬仰，查寻”与本句意思不符，应该用lookat,表示如果想了解这种转变如何发生，我们就必须看一看我们的祖先是如何作的。S5.year为可数名词，这里应该用复数形式，应改为years.S6.用以加强语气，表示“甚至”，应该用even,而不是evenif,所以if应该去掉。S7.chasers,runner,jumpers,aimers,throwers与pre-killers之间应该是选择并列关系，所以and应改为or.nS8.when用于引导状语从句，但是thisimmenselylongformativeperiodofhuntingforfood为名词短语，when使用不当，根据句子的意思应该改为after.S9.主语为theirimprovedintelligence为单数形式，所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式，were应该改为was.S10.根据话题原则，farming应该改为hunting.2002年1月六级听力原文1.W:Istherescuecrewstilllookingforsurvivorsoftheplanecrash?M:Yes,theyhavebeensearchingtheareaforhours,buttheyhaven’tfoundanybodyelse.Theywillkeepsearchinguntilnightfalls.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?2.M:Howmanystudentspassedthefinalphysicsexaminyourclass?W:Forty,butstillasmanyas20percentoftheclassfailed,quitedisappointing,isn’tit?Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheexam?3.W:Lotsofpeopleenjoydancing,doyou?M:Believeitornot,thatisthelastthingIwanttodo.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?4.W:Jane,Iamhavingdifficultywithallthetheoreticstuffwearegettinginourcomputercourse.M:Oh,thatpartIunderstand.WhatIcan’tfigureoutishowtomakeitworkinourprogram.Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?5.W:DidyouseeMarysomewherearound?M:Yes,sheisinthecampusbank,applyingforthestudent’sloan.Q:WhatwasMarydoing?6.W:Thespaceshuttleistakingofftomorrow.M:Iknow,thisisanotherroutinemission.Itisfirstflightwithfouryearsago.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?7.M:Whenarewesupposedtosubmitourprojectproposals,Jane?W:Theyareduebytheendoftheweek.We’veonlytwodaysleft.We’lljusthavetohurry.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.W:WhenIgoonadiet,Ieatonlyfruit,andthattakesoffweightquickly.M:IprefertoeatwhateverIwant,andthenrunregularlytoloseweight.Q:Howdoesthemancontrolhisweight?9.W:John,canyoutellmewhatinthebookinterestedyoumost?M:No,well,nothingspecific,butIlikeitoverall.Q;Whatdidthemanthinkofthebook?10.W:HowdoyoulikethecarIjustbought?M:Well,itseemstorunwell,butIthinkitneedsanewpaintjob.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecar?Passage1Nilrikmanandothersofthehalfwayresearchgrouphavedonesomeresearchintothedifferencesbetweenaverageandgoodnegotiators.Theyfoundnegotiatorswiththegoodtraitrecordandstudiedtheminaction.Theycomparedthemwithanothergroupofaveragenegotiatorsandfoundthattherewasnodifferenceinthetimethatthetwogroupsspentonplanningtheirstrategy.However,thereweresomesignificantdifferencesonotherpoints.Theaveragenegotiatorsthoughtintermsofthepresent,butthegoodnegotiatorstookalong-timereview.Theymadelotsofsuggestionsandconsideredtwicethenumberofthealternatives.Theaveragenegotiatorssettheirobjectivesassinglenpoints.Wehopetogettwodollars,forexample.Thegoodnegotiatorssettheirobjectivesintermsofrange,whichtheymightformulateas“Wehopetogettwodollars,butifwegetonedollarandfifty,itwillbeallright.”.Theaveragenegotiatorstriedtopersuadebygivinglotsofreasons.Theyusealotofdifferentarguments.Thegoodnegotiatorsdidn’tgivemanyreasons.Theyjustrepeatedthesameones.Theyalsodidmoresummarizingandreviewing,checkingtheywereunderstoodcorrectly.11.Whatdogoodnegotiatorsandaveragenegotiatorshaveincommon?12.Accordingtothespeaker,whatwouldgoodnegotiatorsdo?13.Accordingtothespeaker,whatdoestheaveragenegotiatorusuallydo?Passage2Tomostofussharksarethemostdangerousfishintheseaandtheyattackhumans.However,accordingtoDoctorClark,whohasstudiedthebehaviorofsharksfortwelveyears,humansarenotnormallyontheshark’smenu.Whatdosharksfeedon,mainlyfishandotherseaanimals?DoctorClarkalsofoundthatsharksdon’teatasmuchfoodaspeoplethink.Forinstance,anine-year-oldsharkonlyneedstwopoundoffoodadaytokeephealthy.Butshesays,sharkssometimesstarveandatothertimestheyfillthemselveswithwhattheyhavekilled.Aroundtheworld,thereareonlyaboutonehundredsharkattacksonhumanseachyear,tenofwhichprovedfatal.Butconsiderthis,intheUSalone,aboutthreemillionpeoplearebittenbydogseachyear.Ofthese,thirtypeopledie.Ifsharksbiteyou,saysDoctorClark,thereasonisusuallybecauseitmistakesyoufornaturalfood.Forexample,sayyouwentunderwater-fishingandsawashark,youcouldbeintrouble.Thesharkmightgofortheinjuredfishyouhadattackedandtakeabiteofyouatthesametime.Ifyougointoashark’sterritoryandthreatenit,itmighttrytobiteyou.That’sbecausesharksareterritorialandtendtoguardtheirterritory.Likedogs,theyprotecttheareatheythinkistheirown.14.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheeatingbehaviorofsharks?15.Whenmightasharkattachhumans?16.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutsharks?Passage3SciencefictionwritershaveoftenimaginedhumansgoingtoliveontheMars.Butthesedays,scientistsaretakingtheideaseriously.Ithasagreatdealtorecommendit,sinceitmightsolvetheproblemofovercrowdingontheearth.Butobviously,itwouldnotbeworthmakingtheeffortunlesspeoplecouldlivetherenaturally.Iftheatmospherewerelikethatoftheearth,thismightbepossible.Butinfactitismostlycarbondioxide.Apartfromthat,thereareotherproblemstobeovercome.Forexample,thetemperaturewouldhavetoberaisedfrom6degreesbelowzeroto15degreesaboveit.ScientistswhostudyMarshavelaiddowntheprogramthattheycanfollow.Tobeginwith,theywillhavetofindoutwhetherlifehaseverexistedontheplanetofMarsinthepast.Secondlytheywillhavetomakeareliablemapofitssurface.Andfinally,theywillhavetomakealistofthegases.Aboveall,theywillhavetodiscoverhowmuchnitrogenitpossesses.Sincenitrogenisfourfifthsoftheairwebreathe,theyaresurprisingoptimisticaboutraisingthetemperatureonMarsandbelieveitcouldbedowninhundredyears.Itwilltakeabitlonger,though,totransformtheatmospheresothathumanbeingscouldlivethere.Scientistsestimatethiswilltakeonehundredthousandyears.17.WhyarescientistsinterestedinMars?18.WhatistheoneofthethingsthatmustbedoneifamancanliveonMars?19.WhydoscientistwanttofindoutwhetherthereissufficientnitrogenonMars?20.WhatistheprospectofpeoplelivingonMars?2002年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷试卷一nPartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Registeringforcourses.B)Gettingdirections.C)Buyinganewcomputer.D)Studyingsociology.2.A)Themanwillprobablyhavetofindaroommate.B)Themanisunlikelytoliveinthesuburbs.C)Themanwillprobablyhavetobuyacar.D)Themanisunlikelytofindexactlywhathedesires.3.A)Paintingapicture.B)Hostingaprogram.C)Designingastudio.D)Takingaphotograph.4.A)Thewomandoesn’tthinkitaproblemtogetherpassportrenewed.B)Thewomanhasdifficultyrenewingherpassport.C)Thewomanhasn’trenewedherpassportyet.D)Thewoman’spassportisstillvalid.5.A)Apredictionofthefutureofmankind.B)Anewdrugthatmaybenefitmankind.C)Anopportunityforagoodjob.D)Anunsuccessfulexperiment.6.A)Alessonrequiresstudents’activeinvolvement.B)Studentsusuallytakeanactivepartinalecture.C)Moreknowledgeiscoveredinalecture.D)Thereisalargergroupofpeopleinterestedinlessons.7.A)Neitheroftheirwatcheskeepsgoodtime.B)Thewoman’swatchstopped3hoursago.C)Theman’swatchgoestoofast.D)It’stoodarkforthewomantoreadherwatch.n8.A)She’sproudofbeingabletodomanythingsatthesametime.B)Sheissuretofinishallthethingsinafewhours.C)Shedreamsofbecomingamillionairesomeday.D)She’sbeenkeptextremelybusy.9.A)Hewantshisstudentstobeontimeforclass.B)Hedoesn’tallowhisstudentstotelljokesinclass.C)Heisalwayspunctualforhisclass.D)Herarelynoticeswhichstudentsarelate.10.A)Heisnervousabouttheexam.B)Heislookingforajob.C)Hedoesn’tdaretotelllies.D)Hedoesn’tknowhowtoanswerthequestions.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard11.A)Becauseshewasboredwithheridlelifeathome.B)Becauseshewasofferedagoodjobbyherneighbour.C)Becauseshewantedtohelpwiththefamily’sfinances.D)Becauseherfamilywouldliketoseehermoreinvolvedinsociallife.12.A)Doinghousework.B)Lookingafterherneighbour’schildren.C)ReadingpapersandwatchingTV.D)Takinggoodcareofherhusband.13.A)JanegotangryatBill’sidlelife.B)Billfailedtoadapttothenewsituation.C)BillblamedJaneforneglectingthefamily.D)Thechildrenwerenottakengoodcareof.14.A)Neighboursshouldhelpeachother.B)Womenshouldhavetheirowncareers.C)Manandwifeshouldsharehouseholdduties.D)Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Topredictnaturaldisastersthatcancausevastdestruction.B)Tolimitthedestructionthatnaturaldisastersmaycause.C)TogainfinancialsupportfromtheUnitedNations.D)Toproposemeasurestoholdbacknaturaldisasters.16.A)Thereisstillalongwaytogobeforemancancontrolnaturaldisasters.B)Internationalcooperationcanminimizethedestructiveforceofnaturaldisasters.C)Technologycanhelpreducethedamagenaturaldisastersmaycause.D)Scientistscansuccessfullypredictearthquakes.n17.A)Becausetherewerefatalmistakesinitsdesign.B)Becausethebuilderdidn’tobservethebuildingcodesofthetime.C)Becausethetrafficloadwentbeyonditscapacity.D)Becauseitwasbuiltaccordingtolessstrictearthquake-resistancestandards.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Byjudgingtowhatextenttheycaneliminatetherisks.B)Byestimatingthepossiblelossoflivesandproperty.C)Byestimatingthefrequencyofvolcaniceruptions.D)Byjudgingthepossiblerisksagainstthelikelybenefits.19.A)OnceofEtna’srecenteruptionsmademanypeoplemoveaway.B)Etna’sfrequenteruptionshaveruinedmostofthelocalfarmland.C)Etna’seruptionsarefrequentbutusuallymild.D)TherearesignsthatEtnawilleruptagaininthenearfuture.20.A)Theywillremainwheretheyare.B)Theywillleavethisareaforever.C)Theywillwaitandsee.D)Theywillseekshelterinnearbyregions.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance(异乎寻常地).Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates(灵长目动物)some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign(宜人的)globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,nthepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.21.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged________.A)togiveuphisformerwayoflifeB)toleavethecoastalareasC)tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetationD)toabandonhisoriginalsettlement22.Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate________.A)isgoingthroughafundamentalchangeB)hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000yearsC)willeventuallychangefromhottocoldD)hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges23.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution________.A)hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchangesB)hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchangesC)haslargelybeeneffectedbyclimaticchangesD)hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges24.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat________.A)humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironmentB)Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterferenceC)Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefutureD)Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture25.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat________.A)humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchangesB)mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimateC)manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocessD)humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnaturePassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Nowwomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchess(公爵夫人)ofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity’ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.Ourobsession(迷恋)withthinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatndietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory(虚荣).26.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat________.A)theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtueB)lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortuneC)beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredqualityD)religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous27.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor________.A)hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlifeB)couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrackC)hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelativesD)hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes28.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight________.A)werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefsB)changedfromtimetotimeC)variedbetweenthepoorandtherichD)ledtodifferentmoralstandards29.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness________.A)fromaneconomicandeducationalperspectiveB)fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofviewC)fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpointD)inthelightofmoralprinciples30.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?A)Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.B)Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.C)Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.D)Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritoriality(守卫地盘的天性)areexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnate(天生的)survivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservationthatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistencesofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction.Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityfornpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombatingtosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheircommitmentallegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.31.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat________.A)itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystemsB)itisinfluencedbysocietyC)ithasrootsinreligiousconflictsD)itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw32.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is________.A)tocontrolviolencewithinasocietyB)toprotecttheworldfromchaosC)tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevengeD)togivethegovernmentabsolutepower33.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines4-5,Para.2)?A)Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.B)Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.C)Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.D)Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.34.Theword“allegiance”(Line4,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto________.A)loyaltyB)objectiveC)survivalD)motive35.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.B)Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.C)Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.D)Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudied.Inconductingresearchonculturalandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifnresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinanemicfashion,theconcernisonlythatthequestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach,theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethnicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudy,theresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-classWhitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,BlackAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.36.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto________.A)beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfulmeasuresB)viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspectiveC)guardagainstinterferencefromtheirowncultureD)acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture37.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?A)Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues.B)Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.C)Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.D)Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.38.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore________.A)culturallyinteractiveB)culturallybiasedC)culture-orientedD)culture-specific39.Theeticapproachisconcernedwith________.A)thegeneralcharacteristicsofminorityfamiliesB)culture-relatedconceptsofindividualethnicgroupsC)featuressharedbyvariousculturesorethnicgroupsD)theeconomicconditionsofdifferenttypesoffamilies40.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheethnicminorityfamiliesinthe________U.S.accordingtothepassage?A)Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.B)Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.C)Theydon’tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.D)TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Itwas________thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.A)addictedB)allegedC)assaultednD)ascribed42.Themedicine________hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.A)activatedB)alleviatedC)mediatedD)deteriorated43.Heistheonlypersonwhocan________inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.A)testifyB)chargeC)accuseD)rectify44.ProfessorHawkingis________asoneoftheworld’sgreatestlivingphysicists.A)dignifiedB)clarifiedC)acknowledgedD)illustrated45.Thefinancialproblemofthiscompanyisfurther________bytheriseininterestrates.A)increasedB)strengthenedC)reinforcedD)aggravated46.Weshallprobablyneverbeableto________theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.A)assertB)impartC)ascertainD)notify47.Allthepeopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolourfulballoons________slowlyintothesky.A)ascendingB)elevatingC)escalatingD)lingering48.Manyyearshad________beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.A)floatedB)elapsedC)skippedD)proceeded49.Whatyousaynowisnot________withwhatyousaidlastweek.A)consistentB)persistentC)permanentD)insistent50.Militaryordersare________andcannotbedisobeyed.A)defectiveB)conservativenC)alternativeD)imperative51.Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsoffamiliarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof________groupingisadvisable.A)homogeneousB)instantaneousC)spontaneousD)anonymous52.Evensensiblemendo________thingssometimes.A)abruptB)absurdC)acuteD)apt53.Thecommissionwouldfinditself________ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.A)collidedB)savagedC)crumbledD)hampered54.Grainproductionintheworldis________,butstillmillionsgohungry.A)staggeringB)shrinkingC)soaringD)suspending55.Hedevelopeda________attitudeafteryearsoffrustrationinhiscareer.A)sneakingB)disgustedC)drasticD)cynical56.Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe________oftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.A)climaxB)summitC)pitchD)maximum57.Severalguestswerewaitinginthe________forthefrontdoortoopen.A)porchB)ventC)inletD)entry58.Asthemountainswerecoveredwitha________ofcloud,wecouldn’tseetheirtops.A)coatingB)filmC)veilD)shade59.Wecouldn’treallyaffordtobuyahousesowegotitonhirepurchaseandpaidmonthly________.A)investmentsnB)requirementsC)arrangementsD)installments60.Themagicianmadeusthinkhecutthegirlintopiecesbutitwasmerelyan________.A)illusionB)impressionC)imageD)illumination61.Agoodeducationisan________youcanfallbackonfortherestofyourlife.A)assetB)ethicC)inventoryD)obligation62.Givingagiftcanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir________andtheimportanceyouplaceupontherelationship.A)solidarityB)priorityC)superiorityD)hospitality63.Thedesignerhasappliedfora________forhisnewinvention.A)tariffB)discountC)versionD)patent64.Thetoymakerproducesa________copyofthespacestation,exactineverydetail.A)minimalB)minimumC)miniatureD)minor65.Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget________.A)dispositionB)discrepancyC)defectD)deficit66.Theyhavedecidedto________physicalpunishmentinalllocalschools.A)putawayB)breakawayfromC)doawaywithD)passaway67.Astronautsare________allkindsoftestsbeforetheyareactuallysentupinaspacecraft.A)inclinedtoB)subjectedtoC)pronetoD)boundto68.Individualsportsarerunbyover370independentgoverningbodieswhosefunctionsusuallyinclude________nrules,holdingevents,selectingnationalteamsandpromotinginternationallinks.A)drawingonB)drawinginC)drawingupD)drawingdown69.Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost________onfullymasteringtheskillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.A)restrictivelyB)radicallyC)inclusivelyD)exclusively70.Alltheceremoniesatthe2000OlympicGameshadauniqueAustralianflavor,________oftheirmulticulturalcommunities.A)noticeableB)indicativeC)conspicuousD)implicit试卷二PartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothingnewinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityisgoingtoattractpoor(S1)immigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperity(S2)whicharethenoftendisappointing.TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewere(S3)ontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenthcenturyParis.Thisisnewisinthescale.Descriptions(S4)writtenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorofMexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,(S5)areverydissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—the(S6)poorcanstillbenumberedinmillions.Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditliestwomyths:themythofthecityasa(S7)promisedland,thatattractsimmigrantsfromruralpoverty(S8)andbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe(S9)countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,(S10)sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；n2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。StudentUseofComputers2002年6月六级参考答案PartI1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.D9.C10.B11.C12.A13.B14.C15.B16.C17.D18.D19.C20.APartIIReadingComprehension21.A22.D23.C24.C25.B26.C27.A28.B29.B30.A31.B32.A33.D34.A35.D36.B37.A38.D39.C40.DPartIIIVocabulary41.B42.B43.A44.C45.D46.C47.A48.B49.A50.D51.A52.B53.D54.C55.D56.A57.D58.C59.D60.A61.A62.D63.D64.C65.D66.C67.B68.C69.D70.BPartIVErrorCorrectionS1.And→ButS2.filling→filledS3.there→theyS4.This→WhatS5.was→areS6.dissimilar→similarS7.lies→inS8.that→whichS9.it→themS10.late→laterPartVWritingStudentUseofComputersStudentstendtousecomputersmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours,andin2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.nObviouslycomputersarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers,wecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.However,therestillexistsomeproblem,suchas,poorquality,out-of-datedesignsandsoon.Andhowtobalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudyingisalsoaseriousproblem.Anyhow,wewillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.2002年6月六级听力原文SectionA1.W:Thedeadlineforthesociologyandcomputercoursesisthedayaftertomorrow.M:ButIhavenotdecidedwhichcoursestotakeyet.Q:Whatarethemanandwomantalkingabout?2.M:I’mlookingforanapartmentwithamonthlyrentofaround$200inthisneighbourhood.Couldyougivesomeadviceonthat?W:Well.It’sratherhardtofindanythingforlessthan$300aroundthere,rentsarelowerinthesuburbs.Butyou’llneedtransportationifyouchoosetolivethere.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.W:Well,TonightwehaveProf.Browninthestudiototalkabouthisrecentbook,FashionImages.Goodevening.M:Goodevening,andthankyouforinvitingmeherethisevening.Q:Whatisthewomandoing?4.M:Haveyourunupagainstanyproblemsingettingthepassportrenewed?W:Ihaven’tstartedapplyingyet.Q:Whatdoweknowfromtheconversation?5.M:Imustpointoutthattrialsofnewmedicineareexpensiveandyoucanneverguaranteesuccess.W:Butthereisaverygoodchanceinthiscase.Ihopeyouwillgoaheadinviewofthepotentialbenefittomankind.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?6.W:Whatisthedifferencebetweenalessonandalecture?M:Well,theyarebothwaysofimpartingknowledge,butthemaindifferenceisthatyouparticipateinalessonwhereasyoujustlistentoalecture.Alectureisgenerallygiventoamuchlargergroup.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.W:It’sawfullydarkforfouro’clock.Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorain?M:You’dbetterdosomethingaboutthatwatchofyours.Itmusthavestoppedthreehoursago.Minesaysseven.Q:Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthisconversation?8.M:Youarelookingalittleoverwhelmed.W:Exactly.YouknowIgotamillionthingstodoandallofthemhavetobefinishedwithinthreehours.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.M:Ah,er!LookslikeI’mgoingtobealittlelateforclass.IhopeProfessorClarkdoesn’tstartontimetoday.W:Areyoukidding?Youcansetyourwatchbythetimehestartshisclass.Q:WhatcanbeinferredaboutProfessorClark?10.M:I’mbothexcitedandnervousaboutthejobinterviewthisafternoon.W:Takeiteasy,justwearatidyandcleanclothesandresponsetruthfullytotheinquiriesandremember,honestyisnthebestpolicy.Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?SectionBPassageOneJaneBrown,hasbeenmarriedfor12years,shehasthreechildrenandlivesinasuburboutsideColumbusOhio.Whenheryoungestchildreachedschoolage,Janedecidedtogobacktowork.Shefeltthatsheshouldcontributetothehouseholdfinances.Hersalarycouldmakethedifferencebetweenthefinancialstruggleandasecurefinancialsituationforherfamily.Janealsofeltboredandfrustratedinherroleasahomemakerandwantedtobemoreinvolvedinlifeoutsideherhome.Janewasworriedaboutthechildren’sadjustmenttothisnewsituation,butshearrangedforthemtogostaywithawomannearbyafterschooleachafternoon.Theyseemedtobehappywiththearrangement.TheproblemseemedtobebetweenJaneandherhusbandBill.WhenJanewasathomeallday,shewasabletocleanthehouse,gogroceryshopping,washtheclothes,takecareofthechildrenandcookthetwoorthreemealseachday.Shewasverybusy,ofcourse,butshesucceededingettingeverythingdone.Nowthesesamethingsneedtobedone,butJanehasonlyeveningsandearlymorningstodothem.BothJaneandBillaretiredwhentheyarrivedathomeatsixp.m.BillisaccustomedtosittingdownandreadingthepaperorwatchingTVuntilthedinnerisready.ThisisexactlywhatJanefeelslikedoing,butsomeonehastofixthedinner,andBillexpectsittobeJane.JaneisbecomingveryangryatBill’sattitude.Shefeelsthattheyshouldsharethehouseholdjobs.ButBillfeelsthateverythingshouldbethesameasitwasbeforewhenbacktowork.11.WhydidJanewanttogobacktowork?12.HowdidJanespendherdaysbeforeshewentbacktowork?13.WhatproblemarosewhenJanewentbacktowork?14.Whatdoesthestorytrytotellus?PassageTwoThedecadefornaturaldisasterreductionisaprogrammedesignedtoreducetheimpactofnaturaldisastersthroughouttheworld.WiththesupportfromtheUN,countrieswillbeencouragedtoshareinformationaboutdisasterreduction,forinstance,informationabouthowtoplanforandcopewithhurricanes,earthquakesandothernaturaldisasters.Oneofthemostimportantthingstheprogrammeplanstodoistoremindusofwhatwecandotoprotectourselves.Forexample,wecanpackasuitcasewithflashlights,aradio,food,drinkingwaterandsometools.Thissafetycasemayhelpussurvivedisasteruntilhelparrives.Besides,theprogrammeswillencouragegovernmentstoestablishbuildingstandards,emergencyresponseplanandtrainingplans.Thesemeasurescanhelptolimitthedestructionbynaturaldisasters.Thecomparativelymild-effectsofthenorthernCaliforniaearthquakein1989,aregoodevidencethatwedohavethetechnologytopreventvastdestruction.Therecentdisasters,ontheotherhand,provethatpeoplewillsufferifwedon’tusethattechnology.WhenahighwaycollapsedinnorthernCalifornia,peoplewerekilledintheircars.Thehighwaywasnotbuiltaccordingtostricterstandardstoresistearthquakes.Individualsandgovernmentshavetobefar-sighted.Weshouldtakeextratimeandspendextramoneytobuilddisastersafetyintoourlives.Althoughsuchprogrammecan’tholdbackthewindsorstopearthquakes,theycansavepeople’slivesandhomes.15.Whatisthepurposeoftheprogrammementionedinthispassage?16.WhatcanwelearnfromthenorthernCaliforniaearthquakein1989?17.WhydidthehighwayinnorthernCaliforniacollapse?PassageThreeLivingatthefootofoneofthemostactivevolcanoesmightnotappealtoyouatall.Butbelieveitornot,theareasurroundingMountEtnainItalyispackedwithpeople.Infact,itisthemostdensely-populatedregiononthewholeislandofSicily.Thereasonisthatrichvolcanicsoilmakesthelandfantasticforfarming.Bygrowingandsellingavarietyofcrops,localpeopleearnagoodliving.nForthem,theeconomicbenefittheyreapsurpassestheriskofdyingorlosingpropertyinoneofvolcanoesfrequenteruptions.Peopleeverywheremakedecisionsaboutriskysituationsthisway,thatis,bycomparingtherisksandthebenefits.Accordingtotheexperts,thesizeoftherisksdependsonbothitsprobabilityandseriousness.Let’stakeMountEtnaforexample,itdoeseruptfrequently,butthousandsoftheeruptionsareusuallyminor,sotheoverallriskforpeoplelivingnearbyisrelativelysmall.ButsupposeMountEtnaeruptedeveryday,orimaginethateacheruptiontherekilledthousandsofpeople,ifthatwerethecase,theriskwouldbemuchlarger.Indeed,theriskwouldbetoolargeformanypeopletolivewithandtheywouldhavetomoveaway.18.Howdopeoplemakedecisionsaboutriskysituations?19.WhatdoweknowaboutMountEtnafromthepassage?20.WhatwillpeoplelivingnearMountEtnadointhefaceofitseruptions?2002年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷试卷一PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomework.Theywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)IthasnothingtodowiththeInternet.B)Sheneedsanotherweektogetitready.C)Itcontainssomevaluableideas.D)It’sfarfrombeingreadyyet.2.A)Thewomanisstrictwithheremployees.B)Themanalwayshasexcusesforbeinglate.C)Thewomanisakind-heartedboss.D)Theman’salarmclockdidn’tworkthatmorning.3.A)Thewomanshouldtryherluckinthebanknearby.B)Thebankaroundthecornerisnotopentoday.C)Thewomanshouldusedollarsinsteadofpounds.D)Thebankneartherailwaystationcloseslate.n4.A)MakeanappointmentwithDr.Chen.B)Callagainsometimelater.C)Waitforaboutthreeminutes.D)Trydialingthenumberagain.5.A)Heissuretheywillsucceedinthenexttest.B)Hedidnobetterthanthewomaninthetest.C)Hebelievesshewillpassthetestthistime.D)Hefeltupsetbecauseofherfailure.6.A)Thewomanhastoattendasummercoursetograduate.B)Themanthinksthewomancanearnthecredits.C)Thewomanisbeggingthemantoletherpasstheexam.D)Thewomanisgoingtograduatefromsummerschool.7.A)FredisplanningatriptoCanada.B)FredusuallyfliestoCanadawithJane.C)FredpersuadedJanetochangehermind.D)FredlikesthebeautifulsceneryalongthewaytoCanada.8.A)Hangsomepicturesfordecoration.B)Findroomforthepaintings.C)Putmorecoatsofpaintonthewall.D)Paintthewallstomatchthefurniture.9.A)He’llgivealectureondrawing.B)Hedoesn’tmindifthewomangoestothelecture.C)He’drathernotgotothelecture.D)He’sgoingtoattendthelecture.10.A)Selectingthebestcandidate.B)Choosingacampaignmanager.C)Tryingtopersuadethewomantovoteforhim.D)Runningforchairmanofthestudentunion.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Tostudytheproblemsoflocalindustries.B)Tofindwaystotreathumanwastes.C)ToinvestigatetheannualcatchoffishintheBiramichiRiver.D)ToconductastudyonfishingintheBiramichiRiver.12.A)Lackofoxygen.B)Overgrowthofwaterplants.C)Lowwaterlevel.D)Seriouspollutionupstream.13.A)They’llbecloseddown.B)They’regoingtodismisssomeoftheiremployees.nC)They’llbemovedtootherplaces.D)Theyhavenomoneytobuildchemicaltreatmentplants.14.A)Becausetherewerefewerfishintheriver.B)Becauseover-fishingwasprohibited.C)BecausethelocalChamberofCommercetriedpreservefishes.D)Becausethelocalfishingcooperativedecidedtoreduceitscatch.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Oralinstructionsrecordedonatape.B)Abrieflettersealedinanenvelope.C)Awrittendocumentofseveralpages.D)Ashortnotetotheirlawyer.16.A)Refrainfromgoingoutwithmenforfiveyears.B)Stopwearinganykindoffashionableclothes.C)Burythedentistwithhisfavoritecar.D)Visithisgraveregularlyforfiveyears.17.A)Becausehewasangrywithhisselfishrelatives.B)Becausehewasjustbeinghumorous.C)Becausehewasnotawealthyman.D)Becausehewantedtoleavehisbodyformedicalpurposes.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Theythoughtitquiteacceptable.B)Theybelievedittobealuxury.C)Theytookittobeatrend.D)Theyconsidereditavoidable.19.A)Critical.B)Serious.C)Sceptical.D)Casual.20.A)Whenpeopleconsidermarriageanimportantpartoftheirlives.B)Whenthecostsofgettingadivorcebecomeunaffordable.C)Whenthecurrentmarriagelawismodified.D)Whenhusbandandwifeunderstandeachotherbetter.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.BillGates,thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleearneduniversitydegree,isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld’sfavoriteacademictitle:theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreed(贪婪)onthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingintothehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates,about79,000peoplearenexpectedtoreceiveMBAsin1993.Thisisnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960,atestimonytothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowanttoruncompaniessomeday.“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,”saidDonaldMorrison,professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA,’theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.”ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught.TheHarvardBusinessReviewprintedalively,fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsaboutbusinessdegreeholders.ThearticlecalledMBAhires“extremelydisappointing”andsaid“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast,theydon’tunderstandpoliticsandpeople,andtheyaren’tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.Butbythen,they’reoutlookingforotherjobs.”Theproblem,mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge,isthattheMBAhasacquiredanaura(光环)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.Enrollmentinbusinessschoolsexplodedinthe1970sand1980sandcreatedtheassumptionthatnoonewhopursuedabusinesscareercoulddowithoutone.Thegrowthwasfueledbyabacklash(反冲)againsttheanti-businessvaluesofthe1960sandbythewomen’smovement.BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystemsbutarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.“Theydon’tgetalotofgroundinginthepeoplesideofthebusiness”,saidJamesShaffer,vice-presidentandprincipaloftheTowersPerrinmanagementconsultingfirm.21.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatisthegeneralattitudetowardsbusinessoncampusesdominatedbypurerdisciplines?A)Scornful.B)Appreciative.C)Envious.D)Realistic.22.ItseemsthatthecontroversyoverthevalueofMBAdegreeshadbeenfueledmainlyby________.A)thecomplaintsfromvariousemployersB)thesuccessofmanynon-MBAsC)thecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplinesD)thepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork23.WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtotheHarvardBusinessReview?A)Theyareusuallyself-centered.B)Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.C)Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.D)Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpeople.24.FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs________.A)canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquicklyB)quittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmatesC)receivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltrainingD)cherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)WhythereisanincreasedenrollmentinMBAprograms.B)ThenecessityofreformingMBAprogramsinbusinessschools.nC)DoubtsabouttheworthofholdinganMBAdegree.D)Adebateheldrecentlyonuniversitycampuses.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenschoolofficialsinKalkaska,Michigan,closedclasseslastweek,themediaflockedtothestory,portrayingthetown’s2,305studentsasvictimsofstingy(吝啬的)taxpayers.Thereissometruthtothat;theproperty-taxratehereisone-thirdlowerthanthestateaverage.ButshuttingtheirschoolsalsoallowedKalkask’seducatorsandthestate’slargestteachers’union,theMichiganEducationAssociation,tomakeapoliticalpoint.TheiraimwastospurpassageoflegislationMichiganlawmakersaredebatingtoincreasethestate’sshareofschoolfunding.ItwasnocoincidencethatKalkaskashutitsschoolstwoweeksafterresidentsrejecteda28percentproperty-taxincrease.Theschoolboardarguedthatwithouttheincreaseitlackedthe$1.5millionneededtokeepschoolsopen.Buttheschoolsystemhadnotdoneallitcouldtokeeptheschoolsopen.Officialsdeclinedtoborrowagainstnextyear’sstateaid,theyrefusedtotrimextracurricularactivitiesandtheydidnotconsiderseekingasmaller—perhapsmoreacceptable—taxincrease.Infact,closingearlyiscostingKalkaskaasignificantamount,including$600,000inunemploymentpaymentstoteachersandstaffand$250,000inloststateaid.InFebruary,theschoolsystempromisedteachersandstafftwomonthsofretirementpaymentsincaseschoolsclosedearly,adealthatwillcostthedistrict$275,000more.Othersignssuggestschoolauthoritieswereatleastaseagertomakeapoliticalstatementastokeepschoolsopen.TheMichiganEducationAssociationhiredapublicrelationsfirmtostagearallymarkingtheschoolclosing,whichattracted14localandnationaltelevisionstationsandnetworks.ThepresidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation,theMEA’sparentorganization,flewfromWashington,D.C.,fortheevent.Andtheuniontutoredschoolofficialsintheartoftelevisioninterviews.SchoolsupervisorDoyleDisbrowacknowledgesthedistrictcouldhavekeptschoolsopenbycuttingprogramsbutdeniesthemoveswerepoliticallymotivated.Michiganlawmakershavereactedangrilytotheclosings.ThestateSenatehasalreadyvotedtoputthesystemintoreceivership(破产管理)andreopenschoolsimmediately;theMichiganHouseplanstoconsiderthebillthisweek.26.WelearnfromthepassagethatschoolsinKalkaska,Michigan,arefunded________.A)byboththelocalandstategovernmentsB)exclusivelybythelocalgovernmentC)mainlybythestategovernmentD)bytheNationalEducationAssociation27.Oneofthepurposesforwhichschoolofficialsclosedclasseswas________.A)toavoidpayingretirementbenefitstoteachersandstaffB)todrawtheattentionoflocaltaxpayerstopoliticalissuesC)tomakethefinancialdifficultiesoftheirteachersandstaffknowntothepublicD)topressureMichiganlawmakersintoincreasingstatefundsforlocalschools28.Theauthorseemstodisapproveof________.A)theMichiganlawmakers’endlessdebatingB)theshuttingofschoolsinKalkaskaC)theinvolvementofthemassmediaD)delayingthepassageoftheschoolfundinglegislation29.WelearnfromthepassagethatschoolauthoritiesinKalkaskaareconcernedabout________.A)araiseintheproperty-taxrateinMichiganB)reopeningtheschoolsthereimmediatelyC)theattitudeoftheMEA’sparentorganizationD)makingapoliticalissueoftheclosingoftheschoolsn30.Accordingtothepassage,theclosingoftheschoolsdevelopedintoacrisisbecauseof________.A)thecomplexityoftheproblemB)thepoliticalmotivesonthepartoftheeducatorsC)theweakresponseofthestateofficialsD)thestrongprotestonthepartofthestudents’parentsPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.GermanChancellor(首相)OttoVonBismarckmaybemostfamousforhismilitaryanddiplomatictalent,buthislegacy(遗产)includesmanyoftoday’ssocialinsuranceprograms.Duringthemiddleofthe19thcentury,Germany,alongwithotherEuropeannations,experiencedanunprecedentedrashofworkplacedeathsandaccidentsasaresultofgrowingindustrialization.MotivatedinpartbyChristiancompassion(怜悯)forthehelplessaswellasapracticalpoliticalimpulsetoundercutthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement,ChancellorBismarckcreatedtheworld’sfirstworkers’compensationlawin1884.By1908,theUnitedStateswastheonlyindustrialnationintheworldthatlackedworkers’compensationinsurance.America’sinjuredworkerscouldsuefordamagesinacourtoflaw,buttheystillfacedanumberoftoughlegalbarriers.Forexample,employeeshadtoprovethattheirinjuriesdirectlyresultedfromemployernegligenceandthattheythemselveswereignorantaboutpotentialhazardsintheworkplace.Thefirststateworkers’compensationlawinthiscountrypassedin1911,andtheprogramsoonspreadthroughoutthenation.AfterWorldWarII,benefitpaymentstoAmericanworkersdidnotkeepupwiththecostofliving.Infact,realbenefitlevelswerelowerinthe1970sthantheywereinthe1940s,andinmoststatesthemaximumbenefitwasbelowthepovertylevelforafamilyoffour.In1970,PresidentRichardNixonsetupanationalcommissiontostudytheproblemsofworkers’compensation.Twoyearslater,thecommissionissued19keyrecommendations,includingonethatcalledforincreasingcompensationbenefitlevelsto100percentofthestates’averageweeklywages.Infact,theaveragecompensationbenefitinAmericahasclimbedfrom55percentofthestates’averageweeklywagesin1972to97percenttoday.But,asmoststudiesshow,every10percentincreaseincompensationbenefitsresultsina5percentincreaseinthenumbersofworkerswhofileforclaims.Andwithsomuchmoremoneyfloatingintheworkers’compensationsystem,it’snotsurprisingthatdoctorsandlawyershavehelpedthemselvestoalargesliceofthegrowingpie.31.Theworld’sfirstworkers’compensationlawwasintroducedbyBismarck________.A)tomakeindustrialproductionsaferB)tospeedupthepaceofindustrializationC)outofreligiousandpoliticalconsiderationsD)forfearoflosingthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement32.WelearnfromthepassagethattheprocessofindustrializationinEurope________.A)wasaccompaniedbyanincreasednumberofworkshopaccidentsB)resultedinthedevelopmentofpopularsocialinsuranceprogramsC)requiredworkerstobeawareofthepotentialdangersattheworkplaceD)metgrowingresistancefromlaborersworkingatmachines33.OneoftheproblemstheAmericaninjuredworkersfacedingettingcompensationintheearly19thcenturywasthat________.A)theyhadtohavethecouragetosuefordamagesinacourtoflawB)differentstatesintheU.S.hadtotallydifferentcompensationprogramsC)America’saveragecompensationbenefitwasmuchlowerthanthecostoflivingD)theyhadtoproduceevidencethattheiremployerswereresponsiblefortheaccident34.After1972workers’compensationinsuranceintheU.S.becamemorefavorabletoworkerssothat________.nA)thepovertylevelforafamilyoffourwentupdrasticallyB)therewerefewerlegalbarrierswhentheyfiledforclaimsC)thenumberofworkerssuingfordamagesincreasedD)moremoneywasallocatedtotheircompensationsystem35.Theauthorendsthepassagewiththeimplicationthat________.A)compensationbenefitsinAmericaaresoaringtonewheightsB)theworkersarenottheonlyonestobenefitfromthecompensationsystemC)peoplefromallwalksoflifecanbenefitfromthecompensationsystemD)moneyfloatinginthecompensationsystemisahugedrainontheU.S.economyPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Earlyintheageofaffluence(富裕)thatfollowedWorldWarII,anAmericanretailinganalystnamedVictorLebowproclaimed,“Ourenormouslyproductiveeconomy...Weneedthingsconsumed,burnedup,wornout,replacedanddiscardedataneverincreasingrate.”AmericanshaverespondedtoLebow’scall,andmuchoftheworldhasfollowed.Consumptionhasbecomeacentralpillaroflifeinindustriallandsandisevenembeddedinsocialvalues.Opinionsurveysintheworld’stwolargesteconomies—JapanandtheUnitedStates—showconsumeristdefinitionsofsuccessbecomingeverprevalent.Overconsumptionbytheworld’sfortunateisanenvironmentalproblemunmatchedinseveritybyanythingbutperhapspopulationgrowth.Theirsurgingexploitationofresourcesthreatenstoexhaustorunalterablyspoilforests,soils,water,airandclimate. Ironically,highconsumptionmaybeamixedblessinginhumanterms,too.Thetime-honoredvaluesofintegrityofcharacter,goodwork,friendship,familyandcommunityhaveoftenbeensacrificedintherushtoriches.Thusmanyintheindustriallandshaveasensethattheirworldofplentyissomehowhollow—that,misledbyaconsumeristculture,theyhavebeenfruitlesslyattemptingtosatisfywhatareessentiallysocial,psychologicalandspiritualneedswithmaterialthings.Ofcourse,theoppositeofover-consumption—poverty—isnosolutiontoeitherenvironmentalorhumanproblems.Itisinfinitelyworseforpeopleandbadforthenaturalworldtoo.Dispossessed(被剥夺得一无所有的)peasantsslash-and-burntheirwayintotherainforestsofLatinAmerica,andhungrynomads(游牧民族)turntheirherdsoutontofragileAfricangrassland,reducingittodesert.Ifenvironmentaldestructionresultswhenpeoplehaveeithertoolittleortoomuch,wearelefttowonderhowmuchisenough.Whatlevelofconsumptioncantheearthsupport?Whendoeshavingmoreceasetoaddnoticeablytohumansatisfaction?36.TheemergenceoftheaffluentsocietyafterWorldWarII________.A)gavebirthtoanewgenerationofupperclassconsumersB)gaverisetothedominanceofthenewegoismC)ledtothereformoftheretailingsystemD)resultedintheworshipofconsumerism37.Apartfromenormousproductivity,anotherimportantimpetustohighconsumptionis________.A)theconversionofthesaleofgoodsintoritualsB)thepeople’sdesireforariseintheirlivingstandardsC)theimbalancethathasexistedbetweenproductionandconsumptionD)theconceptthatone’ssuccessismeasuredbyhowmuchtheyconsume38.Whydoestheauthorsayhighconsumptionisamixedblessing?nA)Becausepovertystillexistsinanaffluentsociety.B)Becausemoralvaluesaresacrificedinpursuitofmaterialsatisfaction.C)Becauseoverconsumptionwon’tlastlongduetounrestrictedpopulationgrowth.D)Becausetraditionalritualsareoftenneglectedintheprocessofmodernization.39.Accordingtothepassage,consumeristculture________.A)cannotthriveonafragileeconomyB)willnotaggravateenvironmentalproblemsC)cannotsatisfyhumanspiritualneedsD)willnotalleviatepovertyinwealthycountries40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A)humanspiritualneedsshouldmatchmaterialaffluenceB)thereisneveranendtosatisfyingpeople’smaterialneedsC)whetherhighconsumptionshouldbeencouragedisstillanissueD)howtokeepconsumptionatareasonablelevelremainsaproblemPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Ihavehadmyeyestestedandthereportsaysthatmy________isperfect.A)outlookB)visionC)horizonD)perspective42.HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin________withtheImperialMuseum.A)collectionB)connectionC)collaborationD)combination43.Inthosedays,executivesexpectedtospendmostoftheirlivesinthesamefirmand,unlesstheyweredismissedfor________,toretireattheageof65.A)integrityB)denialC)incompetenceD)deduction44.Othersviewedthefindingwith________,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremainstobeshown.A)optimismB)passionC)cautionD)deliberation45.The1986Challengerspace-shuttle________wascausedbyunusuallylowtemperaturesimmediatelybeforethelaunch.A)expeditionB)controversyC)dismaynD)disaster46.Whensupplyexceedsdemandforanyproduct,pricesare________tofall.A)timelyB)simultaneousC)subjectD)liable47.Themusicarousedan________feelingofhomesicknessinhim.A)intentionalB)intermittentC)intenseD)intrinsic48.Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)________dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.A)supersonicB)luminousC)audibleD)amplified49.Theresultsarehardly________;hecannotbelievetheyareaccurate.A)credibleB)contraryC)criticalD)crucial50.Thisnewlaserprinteris________withallleadingsoftware.A)comparableB)competitiveC)compatibleD)cooperative51.Theball________twoorthreetimesbeforerollingdowntheslope.A)swayedB)bouncedC)hoppedD)darted52.Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand________itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforO.K.whentheywerepleased.A)shruggedB)tuggedC)jerkedD)twisted53.Manytypesofrockare________fromvolcanoesassolid,fragmentarymaterial.A)flungB)propelledC)ejectedD)injected54.Withprices________somuch,itisdifficultfortheschooltoplanabudget.A)vibratingB)fluctuatingnC)flutteringD)swinging55.Thepersonwho________thistypeofapproachfordoingresearchdeservesourpraise.A)originatedB)speculatedC)generatedD)manufactured56.________thatthedemandforpowercontinuestoriseatthecurrentrate,itwillnotbelongbeforetraditionalsourcesbecomeinadequate.A)ConcerningB)AscertainingC)AssumingD)Regarding57.Herjewelry________underthespotlightsandshebecamethedominantfigureattheball.A)glaredB)glitteredC)blazedD)dazzled58.Conniewastoldthatifsheworkedtoohard,herhealthwould________.A)deteriorateB)descendC)degradeD)decay59.Wefindthatsomebirds________twiceayearbetweenhotandcoldcountries.A)transferB)commuteC)migrateD)emigrate60.Asvisitingscholars,theywillingly________tothecustomsofthecountrytheylivein.A)submitB)conformC)subjectD)commit61.Morethan85percentofFrenchCanada’spopulationspeaksFrenchasmothertongueand________totheRomanCatholicfaith.A)catersB)adheresC)ascribesD)subscribes62.Theprofessorfoundhimselfconstantly________thequestion:“Howcouldanyonedothesethings?”A)presidingB)poringC)ponderingD)presuming63.Weeks________beforeanyonewasarrestedinconnectionwiththebankrobbery.nA)terminatedB)elapsedC)overlappedD)expired64.Inordertopreventstressfrombeingsetupinthemetal,expansionjointsarefittedwhich________thestressbyallowingthepipetoexpandorcontractfreely.A)relieveB)reconcileC)reclaimD)rectify65.Howmuchofyourcountry’selectricalsupplyis________fromwaterpower?A)deducedB)detachedC)derivedD)declined66.Shehasrecentlyleftajobandhadhelpedherselftocopiesofthecompany’sclientdata,whichsheintendedto________instartingherownbusiness.A)dwellonB)comeuponC)baseonD)drawupon67.Theglassvesselsshouldbehandledmostcarefullysincetheyare________.A)intricateB)fragileC)subtleD)crisp68.Hillslopesareclearedofforeststomakewayforcrops,butthisonly________thecrisis.A)acceleratesB)prevailsC)ascendsD)precedes69.Heblewoutthecandleand________hiswaytothedoor.A)convergedB)gropedC)strivedD)wrenched70.Oftensuchargumentshavetheeffectof________ratherthanclarifyingtheissuesinvolved.A)obscuringB)prejudicingC)tacklingD)blockingPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked,A),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.nWhenwomendobecomemanagers,dotheybringadifferentstyleanddifferentskillstothejob?Aretheybetter,orworse,managersthanmen?Arewomanmorehighlymotivatedand__71__thanmalemanagers?Someresearch__72__theideathatwomanbringdifferentattitudesandskillstomanagementjobs,suchasgreater__73__,anemphasisonaffiliationandattachment,anda__74__tobringemotionalfactorstobear__75__makingworkplacedecisions.Thesedifferencesare__76__tocarryadvantagesforcompanies,__77__theyexpandtherangeoftechniquesthatcanbeusedto__78__thecompanymanageitsworkforce__79__.AstudycommissionedbytheInternationalWomen’sForum__80__amanagementstyleusedbysomewomanmanagers(andalsobysomemen)that__81__fromthecommandandcontrolstyle__82__usedbymalemanagers.Usingthis“interactiveleadership”approach,“women__83__participation,sharepowerandinformation,__84__otherpeople’sself-worth,andgetothersexcitedabouttheirwork.Allthese__85__reflecttheirbeliefthatallowing__86__tocontributeandtofeel__87__andimportantisawin-win__88__—goodfortheemployeesandtheorganization.Thestudy’sdirector__89__that“interactiveleadershipmayemerge__90__themanagementstyleofchoiceformanyorganizations.”71.A)confrontedB)commandedC)confinedD)committed72.A)supportsB)arguesC)opposesD)despises73.A)combinationB)cooperativenessC)coherenceD)correlation74.A)willingnessB)loyaltyC)sensitivityD)virtue75.A)byB)inC)atD)with76.A)disclosedB)watchedC)revisedD)seen77.A)thereforeB)whereasC)becauseD)nonetheless78.A)helpB)enableC)supportD)directn79.A)evidentlyB)preciselyC)aggressivelyD)effectively80.A)developedB)inventedC)discoveredD)located81.A)derivesB)differsC)descendsD)detaches82.A)inherentlyB)traditionallyC)conditionallyD)occasionally83.A)encourageB)dismissC)disapproveD)engage84.A)enhanceB)enlargeC)ignoreD)degrade85.A)themesB)subjectsC)researchesD)things86.A)managersB)womenC)employeesD)males87.A)faithfulB)powerfulC)skillfulD)thoughtful88.A)situationB)statusC)circumstanceD)position89.A)predictedB)proclaimedC)defiedD)diagnosed90.A)intonB)fromC)asD)for试卷二PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实ItPaystoBeHonest________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2002年12月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.D2.B3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.D10.D11.D12.A13.D14.A15.C16.A17.A18.D19.D20.APartIIReadingComprehension21.A22.B23.D24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.D30.B31.C32.A33.D34.C35.B36.D37.D38.B39.C40.DPartIIIVocabulary41.B42.C43.C44.C45.D46.D47.C48.B49.A50.C51.B52.C53.C54.B55.A56.C57.B58.A59.C60.B61.B62.C63.B64.A65.C66.D67.B68.A69.B70.APartIVCloze71.D72.A73.B74.A75.B76.D77.C78.A79.D80.C81.B82.B83.A84.A85.D86.C87.B88.A89.A90.Cn2002年12月六级听力原文SectionA:1.M:Howwellareyoupreparedforyourpresentation?YourturncomesonnextWednesday.W:Ispendawholeweeksearchingonthenet.Butitcameupwithnothingvaluable.Q:Whatdidthewomensayaboutherpresentation?2.W:Goodmorning,Jack.Lateagain!What’stheexcusethistime?M:I’mawfullysorryImusthaveturnedthealarmoffandgonebacktosleepagain.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.W:Excuseme,butcouldyoutellmewhereIcanchangeAmericanDollarsintoBritishPounds?M:Thereisabankaroundthecorner,butI’mafraidit’salreadypastit’sclosingtime.Whydon’tyoutrytheoneneartherailwaystation?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?4.M:CouldIspeaktoDr.Chen?Shetoldmetocallhertoday.W:She’snotavailablerightnow.Wouldyouliketotryaroundthree?Q:Whatdoesthewomantellthemantodo?5.W:Ohdear,I’mafraidI’llfailagaininthenationaltest.It’sthethirdtimeItookit.M:Don’tbetooupset.Ihavethesamefate.Let’stryafourthtime.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6.W:ProfessorSmith,Ireallyneedthecreditstograduatethissummer.M:Hereofthisschool,thecreditsareearned,notgiven.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?7.M:HowdidyougotoCanada,Jane?Didyoufly?W:Iwasplanningto,becauseit’ssuchalongtripbybusorbytrain,butFreddecidedtodriveandinvitedmetojoinhim.Ittookustwodaysandonenight.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?8.M:HowdoyoulikethewayI’vearrangedthefurnitureinmylivingroom?W:Fine,butIthinkthewallscoulddowithafewpaintings.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?9.W:Idon’timagineyouhaveanyinterestinattendingmylectureondrawing,doyou?M:Oh,yes,Ido.Notthatyouremindmeofit.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?10.M:Youaremycampaignmanager.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddotowintheelection?I’mconvincedI’mthebestcandidateforthechairmanoftheStudentUnion.W:Wewon’tbeabletowinunlessyougetthemajorityvotesfromthewomenstudents.Q:Whatisthemandoing?SectionBPassageOneTherearesomeseriousproblemsintheBiramichiriver.Thelocalchamberofcommerce,whichrepresentstheindustryinthearea,hiredmeasaconsultanttodoaoneyearstudyonfishingintheBiramichiriverandwriteareportforthem.Thisismyreport:OneofthemajorproblemsintheBiramichiriveristhatthelevelofoxygeninthewateristoolow.Severalchemicalshavedisplacedtheoxygen.Thischemicalpollutionhastwosources:thefactorieswhichdumppollutedwaterdirectlynintotheriverandthelocalcommunitywhichdumpsuntreatedhumanwastesintotheriver.Thelocaltowngovernmenthasalreadyspent2milliondollarsonwastewatertreatmentprojects,butitwillcostanother27milliontocompletetheprojects.Itwilltakeatleast15yearsforthetowntocollectenoughrevenuefromtaxestocompletetheseprojects.Thefactorieshereemploy17,000peopleinanareawherethereisverylittlealternativeemployment.Itisnoteconomicallypracticaltocloseorrelocatethefactories.Alsothefactoriescannotaffordtofinancechemicaltreatmentplantsbythemselves.AnotherproblemisthatthemembersoftheBiramichifishingcooperativeareoverfishing.Fishesarecaughtwhentheyareonthewayupstreamtolayeggs.Consequently,notenoughfisharelefttoreproduceinlargenumber.Themembersofcooperativesaythattheyhadalreadyreducedtheirannualcatchby50percent.However,mystudiesindicatethattheytookfewerfishbecausetherewerefewerfishtocatch,notbecausetheyweretryingtopreservefishes.11.Whatwasthespeakerassignedtodointhepastyear?12.WhatisoneoftheproblemsintheBiramichiriver?13.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthefactoriesalongtheriver?14.WhywastheannualcatchoffishintheBiramichiriverreducedaccordingtothespeaker?PassageTwoEverybodyhastodiesomeday,butnobodylikestothinkaboutit.Evenso,atsometimeintheirlives,mostpeoplemanagetothinkaboutthequestionofhowtomakeawill.Ifyouhavealreadymadeyours,itisprobablyjustafewpagesofwriting,statingthatyouwishtoleaveeverythingtoyourfamily.Thatisthekindofwillthatthemajorityofpeoplemake.However,thereareplentyofwaystomakeyourwillmoreinterestingifyouwantto.Tobeginwith,youdon’thavetowriteitonpaper.Onemanwrotehiswillonanenvelope,anotheronthedoor,andathirdonanegg.Forsomepeople,themostimportantpartoftheirwillisthepartthatsayshowtheywanttobeburied.Mrs.SandraWest,arichwidowfromTexas,decidedthatshewantedtobeburiedwithherfavoritecar.In1973,Mr.Green,adentistfromEngland,leftmostofhismoneytothenursewhoworkedforhimifin5yearsshewouldnotwearanykindofmake-uporjewelorgooutwithmen.Finally,let’shopethatyourwillisnotlikethatofDr.Wagner,wholivedinAmerica100yearsago.Hisfamily,whohadnotbeentoseehimforyears,suddenlybegantovisithimwhenhebecameill.Whatwasworse,eachpersonsuggestedtoDr.Wagnerthattheywouldlikesomethingtorememberhimbywhenhedied.Greatlyannoyedwiththem,Dr.Wagnerwroteawillthatwoulddothis:toeachofhisfourbrothers,heleftoneofhislegsorarms,hisnephewgothisnoseandhistwonieceseachgotanear.Histeethwenttohiscousin.Thenhesetaside1,000dollarstopayforcuttinghisbodyandtherestofhismoneyhelefttothepoor.15.Whatkindofwilldomostpeopleleavebehindaccordingtothepassage?16.WhatdidthenursehavetodobeforegettingthemoneyleftbytheEnglishdentist?17.WhydidDr.Wagnermakeanunusualwill?PassageThreeInrecentyears,therehasbeenanunusuallylargenumberofdivorcesintheUnitedStates.Inthepast,whentwopeoplemarriedeachother,theyintendedtostaytogetherforlife.Whiletoday,manypeoplemarrybelievingthattheycanalwaysgetitdivorceifthemarriagedoesnotworkout.Inthepast,alargemajorityoftheAmericansfrownedattheideaofdivorce.Furthermore,manypeoplebelievedthatgettingadivorcewasaluxurythatonlytherichcouldafford.Indeed,gettingadivorcewasveryexpensive.However,sincesomanypeoplehavebegantotakeamorecasualviewofmarriage,itisinterestingtoknowthatthecostofgettingadivorceislower.Infact,whereveryougointheUnitedStatestoday,itisnotunusualtoseenewspaperadsthatprovideinformationonhowandwheretogetacheapdivorce.Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenknownasthedivorcecapitaloftheworld.Thedivorcerateamongthemoviestarsissohighthatitisdifficulttoknowwhoismarriedtowhom.Todaymanymoviestarschangehusbandsandwivesasthoughtheywerechangingclothes.Untilmarriageagainbecometheseriousandimportantpartofpeople’slives,wewillprobablycontinuetoseeahighrateofdivorce.18.WhatdidmanyAmericansthinkofdivorceinthepast?n19.WhatistheattitudeofmanyAmericanstomarriagetoday?20.Inthespeaker’sview,whenwillthehighrateofdivorcebebroughtdown?2003年6月21日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid—Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Ridingahorse.B)Shootingamovie.C)Playingagame.D)Takingaphoto.2.A)She’lltypetheletterfortheman.B)She’llteachthemantooperatethecomputer.C)Shedoesn’tthinkhissisterisagoodtypist.D)Shethinksthemanshouldbuyacomputer.3.A)Johncansharethemagazinewithher.B)ShewantstoborrowJohn’scard.C)She’llletJohnusethejournalfirst.D)Johnshouldfindanothercopyforhimself.4.A)Shepromisedtohelptheman.B)Shecamealongwaytomeettheman.C)Shetookthemantowherehewantedtogo.D)Shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficultyfortheman.5.A)Thetrainseldomarrivesontime.B)Theschedulehasbeenmisprinted.C)Thespeakersarrivedatthestationlate.D)Thecompanyhastroubleprintingaschedule.6.A)Tofindabettersciencejournalinthelibrary.B)Nottomissanychancetocollectusefulinformation.nC)Tobuythelatestissueofthemagazine.D)Nottosubscribetothejournal.7.A)Shewantstoborrowtheman’sstudentIDcard.B)Theticketsarelessexpensivethansheexpected.C)Shewon’tbeabletogetanydiscountfortheticket.D)Theperformanceturnedouttobedisappointing.8.A)Dotheassignmentstowardstheendofthesemester.B)Quitthehistorycourseandchooseanotheroneinstead.C)Droponecourseanddoitnextsemester.D)Takecourseswithalighterworkload.9.A)Theorganizationofaconference.B)Thecostofrentingaconferenceroom.C)Thedecorationoftheconferenceroom.D)Thejobofcleaningupthedining-room.10.A)Meethisclient.B)Preparethedinner.C)Workathisoffice.D)Fixhiscar.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)OneofthebridgesbetweenNorthandSouthLondoncollapsed.B)TheheartofLondonwasflooded.C)Anemergencyexercisewasconducted.D)100peopleinthesuburbsweredrowned.12.A)50undergroundstationsweremadewaterproof.B)Afloodwallwasbuilt.C)Analarmsystemwassetup.D)Rescueteamswereformed.13.A)MostLondonerswerefrightened.B)MostLondonersbecameratherconfused.C)MostLondonerstookExerciseFloodcallcalmly.D)MostLondonerscomplainedaboutthetroublecausedbyExerciseFloodcall.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Itlimitedtheirsupplyoffood.B)Itmadetheireggshellstoofragile.C)Itdestroyedmanyoftheirnests.D)Itkilledmanybabybaldeagles.15.A)Theyfoundwaystospeedupthereproductionofbaldeagles.B)Theydevelopednewtypesoffeedforbabybaldeagles.nC)Theyexplorednewwaystohatchbabybaldeagles.D)TheybroughtinbaldeaglesfromCanada.16.A)Pollutionoftheenvironment.B)Anewgenerationofpestkillers.C)Over-killingbyhunters.D)Destructionoftheirnaturalhomes.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Whetheritcanbedetectedandchecked.B)Whetheritwillleadtowidespreadfoodshortage.C)Whetherglobalwarmingwillspeedupinthefuture.D)Whetheritwillaffecttheirownlives.18.A)Manyspecieshavemovedfurthernorth.B)Manynewspecieshavecomeintoexistence.C)Manyspecieshavedevelopedahabitofmigration.D)Manyspecieshavebecomelesssensitivetoclimate.19.A)Stormsandfloods.B)Diseaseandfire.C)Lessspacefortheirgrowth.D)Rapidincreaseoftheanimalpopulation.20.A)Theywillgraduallydieout.B)Theywillbeabletosurviveinthepreserves.C)Theywillhavetomigratetofindnewhomes.D)Theywillfaceextinctionwithoutartificialreproduction.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhacking(黑客的)tricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle(闯入…...行窃).ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialnpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(恶意破坏)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.21.Bysaying“...ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Lines3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat________.A)thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithusB)theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryaboutC)manysitesarenotwell-protectedD)hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin22.SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFannercanbeused________.A)toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsitesB)toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystemC)topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsitesD)todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation23.Fanner’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause.A)itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsersB)itcanbreakintoInternetsitesC)itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsitesD)itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent24.Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis________.A)enthusiasticB)criticalC)positiveD)indifferent25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat________.A)weshouldmakefulluseoftheInternetbeforesecuritymeasuresarestrengthenedB)weshouldalertthemostinfluentialbusinessmentotheimportanceofsecurityC)influentialbusinessmenshouldgiveprioritytotheimprovementofNetsecurityD)netinhabitantsshouldnotletsecuritymeasuresaffecttheirjoyofsurfingtheInternetPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Icameawayfrommyyearsofteachingonthecollegeanduniversitylevelwithaconvictionthatenactment(扮演角色),performance,dramatizationarethemostsuccessfulformsofteaching.Studentsmustbeincorporated,made,sofaraspossible,anintegralpartofthelearningprocess.Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpartoftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly,butthatisnonethelessthecase.OfEzekielCheever,themostfamousschoolmasteroftheMassachusettsBayColony,hisonetimestudentCottonMatherwrotethathesoplannedhislessonsthathispupils“cametoworkasthoughtheycametoplay,”andAlfredNorthWhitehead,almostthreehundredyearslater,notedthatateachershouldmakehis/herstudents“gladtheywerethere.”Since,wearetold,80to90percentofallinstructioninthetypicaluniversityisbythelecturemethod,weshouldgivecloseattentiontothisformofeducation.Thereis,Ithink,muchtruthinPatriciaNelsonLimerick’sobservationthat“lecturingisanunnaturalact,anactforwhichGoddidnotdesignhumans.Itisperfectlyallright,nowandthen,foranhumantobepossessedbytheurgetospeak,andtospeakwhileothersremainsilent.Buttodothisregularly,onehourand15minutesatatime...foronepersontodragonwhileotherssitinsilence?...IdonotbelievethatthisiswhattheCreator...designedhumanstodo.”Thestrange,almostincomprehensiblefactisthatmanyprofessors,justastheyfeelobligedtowritedully,believethattheyshouldlecturedully.Toshowenthusiasmistoriskappearingunscientific,unobjective;itistoappealtothestudents’emotionsratherthantheirintellect.Thustheideallectureisonefilledwithfactsandreadinanunchangedmonotone.Thecult(推崇)oflecturingdully,likethecultofwritingdully,goesback,ofcourse,someyears.EdwardShils,professorofsociology,recallstheprofessorsheencounteredattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainhisyouth.Theyseemed“apriesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing;theyneverreferredtoanythingpersonal.Somereadfromoldlecturenotesandthenhaltinglyexplainedthethumb-wornlastlines.Otherslecturedfromcardsthathadservedforyears,tojudgebythewornedges...Theteachersbeganontime,endedontime,andlefttheroomwithoutsayingawordmoretotheirstudents,veryseldombeingdetainedbyquestioners...Theclasseswerenotlarge,yettherewasnodiscussion.Noquestionswereraisedinclass,andtherewerenoofficehours.”26.Theauthorbelievesthatasuccessfulteachershouldbeableto________.A)makedramatizationanimportantaspectofstudents’learningB)makeinspiredplayanintegralpartofthelearningprocessC)improvestudents’learningperformanceD)makestudyjustaseasyasplay27.Themajorityofuniversityprofessorspreferthetraditionalwayoflecturinginthebeliefthat________.A)itdrawsthecloseattentionofthestudentsB)itconformsinawaytothedesignoftheCreatorC)itpresentscoursecontentinascientificandobjectivemannerD)ithelpsstudentstocomprehendabstracttheoriesmoreeasily28.Whattheauthorrecommendsinthispassageisthat________.A)collegeeducationshouldbeimprovedthroughradicalmeasuresB)morefreedomofchoiceshouldbegiventostudentsintheirstudiesC)traditionalcollegelecturesshouldbereplacedbydramatizedperformancesD)interactionshouldbeencouragedintheprocessofteaching29.Bysaying“Theyseemed‘apriesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing...’”(Lines3-4,Para.4),theauthormeansthat________.A)professorsareagroupofprofessionalsthatdifferintheiracademicabilitybutbehaveinthesamewayB)professorsarelikepriestswearingthesamekindofblackgownbuthavingdifferentrolestoplayC)thereisnofundamentaldifferencebetweenprofessorsandprieststhoughtheydifferintheirmeritsD)professorsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniausedtowearblacksuitswhichmadethemlooklikepriests30.Whoseteachingmethodisparticularlycommendedbytheauthor?A)EzekielCheever’s.B)CottonMather’s.C)AlfredNorthWhitehead’s.D)PatriciaNelsonLimerick’s.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.Inviewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinnthelastfewyears,businesswillrequireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofhelegalageforgoingintoemployment,andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenhatagehasbeenattained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterdayandashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinuetohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducationareswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincedepressionbegan.Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthepresentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailedintheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewithpubliceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhaveaninterest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhavetogoinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.WearenowattemptingtopreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute(贫民).OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Howtopersuadelocalcommunitiestoprovidemorefunds.B)Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.C)Howtosolvetherisingunemploymentproblem.D)Howtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.32.Whatisthereasonfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?A)Therequirementofeducatedworkersbybusiness.B)Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.C)Thetrendtowardashorterworkday.D)People’sconcernforthefutureofthenextgeneration.33.Thepublicagenciesforadulteducationwillbelittlebetteroffbecause________.A)theunemployedaretoopoortocontinuetheireducationB)anewleisureclasshasdevelopedC)theyarestillsufferingfromthedepressionD)anincreaseintaxescouldbeaproblem34.Accordingtotheauthor,theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationisthattheFederalgovernment________.A)shouldallocateFederalfundsforpubliceducationB)shoulddemandthatlocalcommunitiesprovidesupportC)shouldraisetaxestomeettheneedsofpubliceducationD)shouldfirstofallsolvetheproblemofunemployment35.Whydoestheauthorsay“OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire”(Lines10-11,Para.3)?A)OnlybyappropriatingadequateFederalfundsforeducationcanthenextgenerationhaveabrightfuture.B)CitizensofallpartsofthecountryagreethatthebestwaytosupporteducationistouseFederalfunds.C)Peoplealloverthecountryshouldmakecontributionstoeducationintheinterestofthenextgeneration.D)EducatedpeoplearedeterminedtousepartoftheFederalfundstohelpthepoor.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewhigh-performancecontactlensunderdevelopmentatthedepartmentforappliedphysicsattheUniversityofnHeidelbergwillnotonlycorrectordinaryvisiondefectsbutwillenhancenormalnightvisionasmuchasfivetimes,makingpeople’svisionsharperthanthatofcats.Billeandhisteamworkwithanopticalinstrumentcalledanactivemirror—adeviceusedinastronomicaltelescopestospotnewlyemergingstarsandfardistantgalaxies.Connectedtoawave-frontsensorthattracksandmeasuresthecourseofalaserbeamintotheeyeandback,thealuminummirrordetectsthedeficienciesofthecornea,thetransparentprotectivelayercoveringthelensofthehumaneye.Thehighlyprecisedatafromthetwoinstruments—which,Billehopes,willonedaybefoundattheopticians(眼镜商)allovertheworld—serveasabasisfortheproductionofcompletelyindividualizedcontactlensesthatcorrectandenhancethewearer’svision.Byday,Bille’scontactlenseswillfocusraysoflightsoaccuratelyontheretina（视网膜）thattheimageofasmallleafortheoutlineofafardistanttreewillbeformedwithasharpnessthatsurpassesthatofconventionalvisionaidsbyalmosthalfadiopter(屈光度).Atnight,thelenseshaveanevengreaterpotential.“Becausethenewlens—incontrasttothealreadyexistingones—alsoworkswhenit’sdarkandthepupiliswideopen,”saysBille,“lenswearerswillbeabletoidentifyafaceatadistanceof100meters”—80metersfartherthantheywouldnormallybeabletosee.Inhisexperimentsnightvisionwasenhancedbyanevengreaterfactor:insemi-darkness,testsubjectscouldseeupto15timesbetterthanwithoutthelenses.Bille’slensesareexpectedtoreachthemarketintheyear2000,andonetentativeplanistousetheInternettotransmitinformationonpatients’visualdefectsfromtheopticiantothemanufacturer,whowillthenproduceandmailthecontactlenseswithinacoupleofdays.Thephysicistexpectsthelensestocostaboutadollarapair,aboutthesameasconventionalone-daydisposablelenses.36.Thenewcontactlensismeantfor________.A)astronomicalobservationsB)thenightblindC)thosewithvisiondefectsD)opticalexperiments37.Whatdothetwoinstrumentsmentionedinthesecondparagraph(Line5)referto?A)Theastronomicaltelescopeandthewave-frontsensor.B)Thealuminummirrorandthelaserbeam.C)Theactivemirrorandthecontactlens.D)Thealuminummirrorandthewave-frontsensor.38.Individualizedcontactlenses(Line7,Para.2)arelensesdesigned________.A)toworklikeanastronomicaltelescopeB)tosuitthewearer’sspecificneedsC)toprocessextremelyaccuratedataD)totestthewearer’seyesight39.AccordingtoBille,withthenewlensesthewearer’svision________.A)willbefarbetteratnightthaninthedaytimeB)maybebroadenedabout15timesthanwithoutthemC)canbebetterimprovedinthedaytimethanatnightD)willbesharperbyamuchgreaterdegreeatnightthaninthedaytime40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutBille’slenses?A)Theirproductionprocessiscomplicated.B)Theywillbesoldataverylowprice.C)Theyhavetobereplacedeveryday.D)PurchaseorderscanbemadethroughtheInternet.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)nDirections:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.InNovember1987thegovernment________apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.A)initiatedB)designatedC)inducedD)promoted42.Ifounditdifficultto________mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmychildren.A)consolidateB)amendC)reconcileD)Intensify43.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeit________whenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.A)compactedB)restrictedC)dispersedD)delayed44.Itisfortunatefortheoldcouplethattheirson’scareergoalsandtheirwishesforhim________.A)coincideB)complyC)conformD)collaborate45.Allenwillsoonfindoutthatreallifeisseldomassimpleasitis________incommercials.A)permeatedB)allegedC)depictedD)drafted46.Europe’searlierindustrialgrowthwas________bytheavailabilityofkeyresources,abundantandcheaplabor,coal,ironore,etc.A)constrainedB)detainedC)remainedD)sustained47.Asthetrialwenton,thestorybehindthemurderslowly________itself.A)convictedB)releasedC)hauntedD)unfolded48.We’vejustinstalledafanto________cookingsmellsfromthekitchen.A)ejectB)expelC)excludeD)exilen49.Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex________period;andtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.A)transformationB)transmissionC)transactionD)transition50.Mutualrespectforterritorial________isoneofthebasesuponwhichourtwocountriesdeveloprelationships.A)unityB)integrityC)entiretyD)reliability51.Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe________ofabrilliantcareer.A)porchB)edgeC)courseD)threshold52.Weworktomakemoney,butit’sa________thatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.A)paradoxB)prejudiceC)dilemmaD)conflict53.Thedesignofthisauditoriumshowsagreatdealof________.Wehaveneverseensuchabuildingbefore.A)inventionB)illusionC)originalityD)orientation54.Thedamagetomycarwas________.intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.A)insufficientB)ignorantC)ambiguousD)negligible55.Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery________.A)obscureB)indefiniteC)dubiousD)intriguing56.Diamondshavelittle________valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.A)intrinsicB)eternalC)subtleD)inherent57.Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare________toheartattack.A)infectiousB)disposedC)accessiblenD)prone58.Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof________educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.A)compulsoryB)cardinalC)constrainedD)conventional59.IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow________andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe,A)prominentB)fabulousC)handsomeD)gracious60.Theyare________investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.A)implicitB)consciousC)cautiousD)indecisive61.Inadditiontotherisingbirthrateandimmigration,the________deathratecontributedtothepopulationgrowth.A)incliningB)increasingC)decliningD)descending62.Becauseofthe________noiseoftrafficIcouldn’tgettosleeplastnight.A)prevalentB)perpetualC)provocativeD)progressive63.Don’tletsucha________matterasthiscomebetweenussothatwecanconcentrateonthemajorissue.A)trivialB)slightC)partialD)minimal64.Ifyougototheparkeverydayinthemorning,youwill________findhimdoingphysicalexercisethere.A)ordinarilyB)variablyC)logicallyD)persistently65.Althoughshe’sa(n)________talenteddancer,shestillpracticesseveralhourseveryday.A)traditionallyB)additionallyC)exceptionallyD)rationally66.Thecutinherhandhashealedcompletely,withoutleavinga________.A)defectnB)signC)woundD)scar67.Theideaisto________thefrequentincidentsofcollisiontotestthestrengthofthewind-shields.A)assembleB)simulateC)accumulateD)forge68.Mostpeopleinthemodemworld________freedomandindependencemorethananythingelse.A)embodyB)cherishC)fascinateD)illuminate69.ItoldhimthatIwould________himtoactformewhileIwasawayfromoffice.A)authorizeB)justifyC)rationalizeD)identify70.Overthepasttenyears,naturalgasproductionhasremainedsteady,but________hasrisensteadily.A)dissipationB)disposalC)consumptionD)expenditurePartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark()intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.TheSeattleTimesCompanyisonenewspaperfirmthathasrecognizedtheneedforchangeanddonesomethingaboutit.Inthenewspaperindustry,papersmustreflectthediversityofthecommunitiestowhichtheyprovideinformation.Itmustreflectthatdiversitywiththeirnewscoverageorrisk(S1)losingtheirreaders’interestandtheiradvertisers’support.OperatingwithinSeattle,whichhas20percentsracial(S2)minorities,thepaperhasputintoplacepoliciesandproceduresforhiringandmaintainadiverseworkforce.The(S3)underlyingreasonforthechangeisthatforinformationtobefair,appropriate,andsubjective,itshouldbereportedbythe(S4)samekindofpopulationthatreadsit.Adiversitycommitteecomposedofreporters,editors,andphotographersmeetsregularlytovaluetheSeattleTimes’(S5)contentandtoeducatetherestofthenewsroomstaffaboutdiversityissues.Inanaddition,thepaperinstitutedacontent(S6)audit(审查)thatevaluatesthefrequencyandmannerofrepresentationofwomanandpeopleofcolorinphotographs.(S7)Earlyauditsshowedthatminoritieswerepicturedfartooinfrequentlyandwerepicturedwithadisproportionatenumberofnegativearticles.Theauditresultsfrom(S8)improvementinthefrequencyofmajorityrepresentationand(S9)theirportrayalinneutralorpositivesituations.And,witha(S10)result,theSeattleTimeshasimprovedasanewspaper.nThediversitytrainingandcontentauditshelpedtheSeattleTimesCompanytowinthePersonnelJournalOptimalAwardforexcellenceinmanagingchange.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChangesintheOwnershipofHouses.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化2.分析产生这些变化的原因3.说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响ChangesintheOwnershipofHouses2003年6月21日六级参考答案PartI1.D2.B3.A4.C5.A6.D7.C8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.D18.A19.B20.CPartII21.C22.A23.D24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.A31.B32.B33.D34.A35.A36.C37.D38.B39.D40.DPartIII41.A42.B43.B44.A45.B46.D47.D48.C49.D50.B51.D52.A53.C54.D55.A56.A57.B58.A59.B60.C61.C62.B63.A64.B65.C66.D67.C68.B69.A70.C71.it→they72.percents→percent73.maintain→maintaining74.subjective→objective75.meets→meet76.去掉an77.woman→women78.from→inn79.majority→minority80.with→as2003年6月21日六级听力原文SectionAQuestion1W:Raiseyourheadalittlebitandholdthesaddleandsmilealittle.Youlookwonderfulposinglikethat.ShallIcracktheshutter?ShallIpresstheshutter?M:Waitaminute.Letmeputonacowboyhat.Q:Whatarethespeakersdoing?W：头在抬起来一点，拿着那个鞍，笑一笑。你摆的姿势太棒了。我可以照了吗?（按快门了吗?）M：等等，让我戴上这顶牛仔帽。Q：谈话者在干什么?Question2M:I’mstillwaitingformysistertocomebackandtypetheapplicationletterforme.W:Whybotherher.I’llshowyouhowtousethecomputer.It’squiteeasy.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?M：我在等我姐姐（妹妹）回来帮我打印求职信。W：干嘛麻烦她?我示范给你看怎么使用电脑。非常简单。Q：女士的话什么意思?Question3M:Hey,wheredidyoufindthejournal?Ineedit,too.W:Righthereontheshelf.Don’tworry,John.I’lltakeitoutonmycardforbothofus.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?M：你在哪找到那本杂志的?我也需要。W：我用我的（借书）卡借出来Q：女士的话什么意思?Question4M:Thankyouforyourhelpfulassistance.Otherwise,I’dsurelyhavemissedit.Theplaceissooutoftheway.W:Itwasapleasuremeetingyou.Goodbye!Q:Whydidthemanthankthewoman?M：谢谢你的帮助，不然我真迷路了，这地方太偏了。W：很高兴遇见你。再见！Q：男士为什么感谢女士?Question5W:Weareinformedthattheeleventhirtytrainislateagain.M:Whydidtherailwaycompanyevenbothertoprintaschedule?Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?W：有人告诉我们1130号列车会再次晚点。M：本对话的大意是：车又晚了！铁路公司还费神搞什么时刻表啊?搞出来又不准。就跟没有一样。Q：从对话中我们可以了解什么?Question6M：MaybeIoughttosubscribetotheEngineeringQuarterly.Itcontainsalotofusefulinformation.W：Whynotreaditinthelibraryandsavesomemoney?nQ:Whatisthewoman’sadvicetotheman?M：我可能会订阅EngineeringQuarterly（一种季刊杂志），因为这种杂志里有很多有用的信息。W：干嘛不在图书馆里看这杂志?还可以省点钱?Q：女士给男士什么建议?Question7M:I’vebeenwaitingallweekforthisconcert.Theperformanceissaidtobeexcellentandwithastudent’sdiscount,theticketswillbereallycheap.StudentdiscountW:Ah-huh.I’mafraidIleftmyStudentIDcardinthedorm.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?M：我整个星期都在等待这场音乐会。据说表演精彩，而且学生还可以享受折扣，票价会非常便宜。W：啊，恐怕我把学生证放宿舍里了。Q：女士什么意思?Question8M:Mr.Smith,ourhistoryprofessor,announcedwewouldbedoingtwopapersandthreeexamsthissemester.IwonderhowI’mgoingtopullthroughwhentwoothercourseshavesimilarrequirements.W:Well,can’tyoudroponecourseandpickitupnextsemester?Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?M：我们的历史学教授，史密斯先生，宣布我们这学期要写两篇论文，还要通过三次考试。其他两门课也有同样的要求，我都不知道我怎么活了。W：为什么不放弃一门课，明年再学?Q：女士建议男士做什么?Question9W:RentingaConferenceRoomatthehotelwillcostustoomuch.WearealreadyrunningintheredM:Howaboutusingourdiningroomforthemeeting?Q:What’sworryingthewoman?W：在这个宾馆里租会议室的费用太高。公司现在财政困难。M：哪就用我们的餐厅开会行了?Q：女士担心什么?Question10W:Jerry,canyoupickmeupafterworktoday?Ileftmycaratthegarage.M:I’mafraidIcan’t.Ihavescheduledanappointmentwithaclientatdinnertime.Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?W：杰瑞，能不能今天来接我?我的车还在修理厂。M：恐怕够呛，我和一个客户约好了晚饭时见。Q：男士会做什么?SectionBPassageOneAfewmonthsago,millionsofpeopleinLondonheardalarmsalloverthetown.TheEmergencyservices,theFireDepartments,thePolice,hospitals,andambulancesstoodby,readytogointoaction.Inrailwayundergroundstations,peoplereadnoticesandmapswhichtoldthemwheretogoandwhattodointheemergency.ThiswasExerciseFloodCall,topreparepeopleforafloodemergency.Londonwasn’tfloodedyet,butitispossiblethatitwouldbe.In1236andin1663,Londonwasbadlyflooded.In1928,peoplelivinginWestminster,theheartofLondon,drownedinfloods.Andin1953,onehundredpeople,livingontheeasternedgeoftheLondonsuburbswerekilled,again,inthefloods.Atlast,GreaterLondonCounciltookactionstopreventthisdisasterfromhappeningagain.Thoughafloodwallwasbuiltinthe1960s,Londonersstillmustbepreparedforthepossibledisaster.Ifithappens,50undergroundnstationswillbeunderwater.Electricity,gasandphoneserviceswillbeoutofaction.Roadswillbedrowned.ItwillbeimpossibletocrossanyofthebridgesbetweennorthandsouthLondon.Imagine:LondonwilllooklikethefamousItaliancity,Venice.ButthisExerciseFloodCalldidn’tcausepanicamongLondoners.Mostpeopleknewitwasjustawarning.Oneladysaid,“It’safloodwarning,isn’tit?Thewaterdoesn’tlookhightome.”Question11:WhathappenedinLondonafewmonthsago?Question12:WhatmeasurewastakenagainstfloodsinLondoninthe1960s?Question13:Whatcanwelearntfromthelady’scomment?PassageTwoAmerica’snationalsymbol,thebaldeagle,almostwentextincttwentyyearsago,butithasmadeacomeback.Infact,theU.S.FishandWildLifeServiceisconsideringthepossibilityoftakingitofftheEndangeredSpeciesList.Once,morethanfiftyhundredpairsofbaldeaglesnestedacrossthecountry,butby1960thatnumberhadfallenbelowfourhundred.ThechiefkillerwasthewidelyusedDDT.Fish,soakedupDDT,died,andwerewasheduponshores,wherebaldeaglesfeastedonthem.DDTpreventedeagleeggshellsfromthickening.Theshellsbecamesothinthattheyshatteredbeforethebabieshatched.Fortunately,in1972,alawwaspassedtobanDDT,whichsavedthebaldeaglefromtotalwipeout.AndsincethenwildlifebiologistshadreintroducedbaldeaglesfromCanadatoAmerica.TheresultwasthatlastyearU.S.birdwatcherscountedeleventhousandsixhundredandtenbaldeaglesinthecountry.IfitweredroppedfromtheEndangeredSpeciesList,thebaldeaglewouldstillbeathreatenedspecies.Thatmeansthebirdwouldcontinuetogetthesameprotection.Nohuntingallowed,andnodisturbingofnests.Butbaldeaglesstillfacetoughtimes.ThedestructionoftheirnaturalhomescouldbethenextDDTcausingeaglenumberstodropquickly.Question14:WhatwasthemainharmfuleffectofthepestskillerDDTonbaldeagles?Question15:Whatmeasuredidthewildlifebiologisttaketoincreasethenumberofbaldeagles?Question16:Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthepossibledangerfacingbaldeagles?PassageThreeIftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsandtheplantswhichanimalsdependonforsurvival?Thequestionoffersanotherwayoflookingatthe“GreenhouseEffect”.Peoplehavetalkedaboutthegeneralproblemof“GlobalWarming”forsometime.Buttheywereusuallyworriedaboutthingslikewhethertobuyahomeonthecoast.BiologistsandotherscientiststurntheirattentiontoplantsandanimalsatanimportantmeetingthattookplacelastOctober.Theywerereviewedevidencethatplantsandanimalsaresensitivetoclimate.SincetheIceAgeendedtenthousandyearsagoandwarmertemperaturesreturnedtothenorthernlatitudes,manyspecieshavemigratednorth.IfthepredictionsabouttheGreenhousearecorrect,temperatureswillrisebythesameamountinthenextonehundredyearsastheydidinthepasttenthousand.Willanimalsandplantsbeabletoadaptthatquicklytochangeintheenvironment?Manywon’t.Certainspecieswillprobablybecomeveryrare.Expertssayplantsunderclimatestresswillbeveryopentodiseaseandfire.Forestfiresmaybecomemorecommon.That,inturn,manharmanimalsthatdependonthetreesforfoodwillforshelter.Anypreserveswesetuptoprotectendangeredspeciesmaybecomeuselessasthespeciesareforcedtomigratealongwiththeirnaturalhomes.Changeisapartoflife,butrapidchange,saysscientistGeorgeWoodwell,istheenemyoflife.Question17:Whatistheconcernofordinarypeopleaboutthe“GreenhouseEffect”?Question18:WhathashappenedsincetheendoftheICEAGE?Question19:Whatwillbeapossiblethreattoplantsinthefuture?Question20:Accordingtothepassage,whatwillprobablyhappentotheendangeredspecies?2003年9月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)nSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversation,weknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9’o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)ThelecturefornextMondayiscancelled.B)Thelecturewasn’tassuccessfulasexpected.C)Thewomandoesn’twanttoattendthelecture.D)ThewomanmayattendnextMonday’slecture.2.A)Thewomanhasaverytightbudget.B)Hedoesnotthinkthefurcoatisworthbuying.C)He’swillingtolendthewomanmoneyforthefurcoat.D)Thewomanisnotcarefulenoughinplanningherspending.3.A)Cleanthekitchen.B)Asksomeonetofixthesink.C)Findabiggerapartmentforthelady.D)Checktheworkdonebythemaintenanceman.4.A)Thelens.B)Theprice.C)Theflash.D)Theleathercase.5.A)Sheneedsanotherhaircutsoon.B)ShethinksitworthwhiletotrySadermale’s.C)Sheknowsalessexpensiveplaceforahaircut.D)Shewouldliketomakeanappointmentfortheman.6.A)Thewomandoesn’twanttocookameal.B)Thewomanwantstohaveapicnic.C)Thewomanhasapoormemory.D)ThewomanlikesMexicanfood.7.A)EveryoneenjoyedhimselfatJohn’spanics.B)Thewomandidn’tenjoyJohn’spartiesatall.C)ItwillbethefirsttimeforthemantoattendJohn’sparty.D)ThewomanisgladtobeinvitedtoJohn’shouse-warmingparty.8.A)Shelacksconfidenceinherself.nB)Sheisnotinterestedincomputerprogramming.C)Shehasneversignedupforanycompetitionbefore.D)Sheissuretowintheprogrammingcontest.9.A)Themanhasanenormousamountofworktodo.B)Themanhasmadeplansforhisvacation.C)Themanwilltakeworkwithhimonhisvacation.D)Workstackedupduringtheman’slastvacation.10.A)Shelikesthejoboffeedingfish.B)Shefindshernewjobinteresting.C)Shefeelsunfitforhernewjob.D)She’snotingoodhealth.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Rallysupportfortheirmovement.B)Liberatewomenfromtedioushousework.C)Claimtheirrightstoequaljobopportunities.D)Expresstheirangeragainstsexdiscrimination.12.A)Itwillbringalotoftroubletothelocalpeople.B)Itisapopularformofart.C)Itwillspoilthenaturalbeautyoftheirsurroundings.D)Itispopularamongrockstars.13.A)Toshowthatmindlessgraffiticanprovokeviolence.B)ToshowthatLondonershaveaspeciallikingforgraffiti.C)Toshowthatgraffiti,insomecases,canconstituteacrime.D)Toshowthatgraffiticanmaketheenvironmentmorecolorful.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)TheAsianelephantiseasiertotame.B)TheAsianelephant’sskinismorevaluable.C)TheAsianelephantislesspopularwithtourists.D)TheAsianelephantproducesivoryofabetterquality.15.A)Fromthecapturedortamedelephants.B)FromtheBritishwildlifeprotectiongroup.C)FromelephanthuntersinThailandandBurma.D)FromtouristsvisitingtheThai-Burmeseborder.16.A)Theirtamingforcircusesandzoos.B)Thedestructionoftheirnaturalhomes.C)Man’slackofknowledgeabouttheirbehavior.D)Thegreatervulnerabilitytoextinctionthanotherspecies.PassageThreenQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)TheyhadlosttheirjobsasaresultoftheIndustrialRevolution.B)Theyhadbeensufferingfrompoliticalandreligiousoppression.C)TheywantedtofleefromthewidespreadfamineinNorthernEurope.D)Theywantedtomakeafortunetherebystartingtheirownbusinesses.18.A)Theymightlosecontroloftheirmembersbecauseoftheincreaseinimmigration.B)Theirmembersmightfinditdifficulttogetalongwiththenewcomers.C)Theworkingconditionoftheirmembersmightdeteriorate.D)Theirmembersmightlosetheirjobstothenewcomers.19.A)Toimposerestrictionsonfurtherimmigration.B)Toimprovetheworkingconditionsofimmigrants.C)Tosetaminimumwagelevelfornewimmigrants.D)Toputrequirementsonlanguagesfornewcomers.20.A)TheywerelookeddownuponbyEuropeanimmigrants.B)Theyhadahardtimeseekingequaljobopportunities.C)Theyworkedveryhardtoearnadecentliving.D)Theystronglyopposedcontinuedimmigration.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.In1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,itspresident,YasumotoTakagi,calledeachvictim’sfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryofToshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshibagaveuphispost.Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,”mayseembizarretoUSmanagers.NooneatBoeingresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyBoeingrepair.Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsofdelegation.WhileUSexecutivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority—theresponsibilityisstilltheirs.AlthoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsownmanagement,theToshibatopexecutivessaidthey“musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmospherethroughouttheToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary.”SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.SchoolprincipalsinJapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsintofinancialtrouble.Suchpersonalsacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployeeloyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayofdoingbusiness.HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame“almostafeudal(封建的)wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,”andtosomeintheUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandgovernmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyUSmanagerswouldprobablywelcomeaninfusion(灌输)oftheJapanesesenseofresponsibility.If,forinstance,USautomobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.n21.WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositionin1987?A)BecauseinJapan,theleakageofastatesecrettoRussiansisagravecrime.B)Becausehehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.C)BecauseinJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitssubsidiaries.D)Becausehehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.22.AccordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto________.A)apologizepromptlyforyoursubordinates’mistakesB)beskillfulinacceptingblamesfromcustomersC)makesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessaryD)createastrongsenseofcompanyloyalty23.What’sProfessorGeorgeLodge’sattitudetowardstheresignationsofJapanesecorporateleaders?A)Sympathetic.B)Biased.C)Critical.D)Approving.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A)BoeinghadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashin1985.B)Americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.C)Schoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudents’crimes.D)Persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn’thelpsolvecorporatecrises.25.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A)resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrisesB)theimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployeesC)waysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrisesD)thedifferencebetweentwobusinessculturesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;andonallthosedimensionsithasbecomebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.Themainproblemisitsprevalence,andthesocialcoststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomethingthatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.Itisapricewepayforequality.Beforebecomingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemostsuccessfulandpopularproductofthewholeofthepast100years—andremainsso.Thestorybeginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementitbroughtinthe1900s.InNewYorkcityin1900,accordingtotheCarCulture,a1975bookbyJ.Flink,ahistorian,horsesdeposited2.5millionpoundsofmanure(粪)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.Everyyear,thecityauthoritieshadtoremoveanaverageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,itmadecarssmellofroses.Carswerealsowonderfullyflexible.Themainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtrafficjamswastheelectrictrolleybus(电车).Butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsandplatforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,andinflexible.ThecarcouldgofromanyAtoanyB,andallowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-densityhousing,ratherthanjustbeingconcentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.Ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecamelessremote.However,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshavepredicted—wrongly—thatthecarboomwasabouttoend.InhisbookMr.Flinkarguedthatby1973theAmericanmarkethadbecomesaturated,atonecarforevery2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofJapanandWesternEurope(becauseoflandshortages).Environmentalworriesanddiminishingoilreserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.nHewaswrong.Between1970and1990,whereasAmerica’spopulationgrewby23%,thenumberofcarsonitsroadsgrewby60%.Thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,oneforevery2.1inJapan,oneforevery5.3inBritain.Around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50millionnewonesaremadeeachyearworldwide.Willitgoon?Undoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.26.Asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecarhasbecomeaproblemisthat________.A)poorpeoplecan’tafforditB)itistooexpensivetomaintainC)toomanypeopleareusingitD)itcausestoomanyroadaccidents27.Accordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecause________.A)itdidn’tbreakdownaseasilyasahorseB)ithadacomparativelypleasantodorC)itcausedlesspollutionthanhorsesD)itbrightenedupthegloomystreets28.Whatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonsociety?A)Peoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownareas.B)Peoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanareas.C)Businessalongtrolleyandraillinesslackened.D)Citystreetswerefreeofuglyoverheadwires.29.Mr.Flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountriesbecause________.A)theonceboomingcarmarkethasbecomesaturatedB)trafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreseriousC)expensivemotorwaysarenotavailableinlessdevelopedcountriesD)peopleworryaboutpollutionandthediminishingoilresources30.What’swrongwithMr.Flink’sprediction?A)Theuseofautomobileshaskeptincreasingworldwide.B)Newgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionfree.C)ThepopulationofAmericahasnotincreasedasfast.D)People’senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyincreasing.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsnshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDr.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericanB)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedyC)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeopleD)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed32.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line5,Para,1)referto?A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.C)Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.33.“Counterproductive”(Lines5,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________”.A)havingnoeffectatallB)leadingtotensionC)producingdisastrousimpactD)harmfultohealth34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou’vegottoworkhard.However,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker,itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptationisaccomplishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertainsystemswithinthemusclecells.Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthestressthatyouhaveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldecline.The“overtrainingsyndrome(综合症)”isthenamegiventothecollectionofnemotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsduetoovertrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarkedbycumulativeexhaustionthatpersistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.Theathletesmayalsobecomemoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns,becomedepressed,orlosethecompetitivedesireandenthusiasmforthesport.Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteandweightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistentmuscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral(病毒性的)illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertraininghasoccurred,themorerestrequired,therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant.Iftheovertraininghasonlyoccurredforashortperiodoftime(e.g.3-4weeks)theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysisusuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatleadtoovertrainingbeidentifiedandcorrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertrainingsyndromeshouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhoseperformancehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.36.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat________.A)theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillbeB)restaftervigoroustrainingimprovesanathlete’sperformanceC)strictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete’stopperformanceD)improvementofanathlete’sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftraining37.By“overtraining”theauthormeans________.A)aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertrainingB)undueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertionC)trainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyrestD)trainingthathasexceededanathlete’semotionallimits38.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe“overtraining”syndrome?A)Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.B)Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.C)Thefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete’strainingprocess.D)Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.39.Whatdoesthephrase“leveloff”(Line5,Para.4)mostprobablymean?A)Slowdown.B)Becomedull.C)Stopimproving.D)Beonthedecline.40.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat________.A)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillnessB)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccursC)anathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrestD)illnesscausingfatigueshouldnotbemistakenforovertrainingsyndromePartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Thesewerestubbornmen,noteasily________tochangetheirmind.A)tiltedB)convertedC)persuadednD)suppressed42.Thecircushasalwaysbeenverypopularbecauseit________boththeoldandtheyoung.A)facilitatesB)fascinatesC)immersesD)indulges43.Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto________enoughinformationfromthewitnesses.A)evacuateB)withdrawC)impartD)elicit44.Georgeenjoystalkingaboutpeople’sprivateaffairs.Heisa________.A)solicitorB)cowardC)gossipD)rebel45.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably________reportwithinafewhundredwordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded.A)conciseB)briskC)preciseD)elaborate46.Hisface________ashecameinafterrunningallthewayfromschool.A)flaredB)fluctuatedC)flutteredD)flushed47.Steelisnotas________ascastiron;itdoesnotbreakaseasily.A)elasticB)brittleC)adaptableD)flexible48.AbigprobleminlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor________interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.A)instantaneousB)provocativeC)verbalD)dual49.Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe________hillintogreenwoods.A)vacantB)barrenC)weirdD)wasteful50.The________ofourtriptoLondonwasthevisittoBuckinghamPalace.A)summitnB)heightC)peakD)highlight51.Haroldclaimedthathewasaseriousandwell-knownartist,butinfacthewasa(n)________.A)alienB)clientC)counterpartD)fraud52.Wedon’t________anydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinourbudget.A)foreseeB)fabricateC)inferD)inhibit53.Heislookingforajobthatwillgivehimgreater________forhiscareerdevelopment.A)insightB)scopeC)momentumD)phase54.Thehighschoolmydaughterstudiesinis________ouruniversity.A)linkedbyB)relevanttoC)mingledwithD)affiliatedwith55.TheBrownslivedina________andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.A)spaciousB)sufficientC)wideD)wretched56.Amembershipcard________theholdertousetheclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.A)approvesB)authorizesC)rectifiesD)endows57.Theyhavedoneawaywith________LatinforuniversityentranceatHarvard.A)influentialB)indispensableC)compulsoryD)essential58.Itisno________thatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinfluenceofalcohol.A)coincidenceB)correspondenceC)inspirationD)intuition59.One’suniversitydaysoftenappearhappierin________thantheyactuallywereatthetime.A)retentionnB)retrospectC)returnD)revere60.She________throughthepagesofamagazine,notreallyconcentratingonthem.A)tumbledB)tossedC)switchedD)flipped61.Scientistsarepushingknowntechnologiestotheirlimitsinanattemptto________moreenergyfromtheearth.A)extractB)injectC)dischargeD)drain62.TheChineseRedCross________ageneroussumtothereliefofthevictimsoftheearthquakeinTurkey.A)administeredB)elevatedC)assessedD)contributed63.Thefirstsentenceinthisparagraphis________;itcanbeinterpretedinmanyways.A)intricateB)ambiguousC)duplicatedD)confused64.Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyarecompletely________witheachother.A)reconciledB)negotiatedC)associatedD)accommodated65.Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch________bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.A)intervenedB)insulatedC)hamperedD)hoisted66.Themostimportant________forassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityofdesign.A)thresholdB)partitionC)warrantD)criterion67.Thewomanwasworriedaboutthesideeffectsoftakingaspirins,butherdoctor________herthatitisabsolutelyharmless.A)retrievedB)releasedC)reassuredD)revived68.Wecan’thelpbeing________ofBobwhoboughtaluxurioussportscarjustafterthemoneywasstolenfromthenoffice.A)skepticalB)appreciativeC)suspiciousD)tolerant69.Hegreatlyresentedthepublicationofthisbook,whichhesawasanembarrassinginvasionofhis________.A)privacyB)moralityC)dignityD)secrecy70.Infactasheapproachedthisfamousstatue,heonlybarelyresistedthe________toreachintohisbagforhiscamera.A)impatienceB)impulseC)incentiveD)initiativePartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______“Home,sweethome”isaphrasethatexpressesanessentialattitudeintheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthefamilyhouseissweetornosweet.The(S1)cherishedidealofhomehasgreatimportanceformanypeople.ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenthcenturyEuropeansettlersoftheAmericanWest,wasinfindapieceofplace,buildahouseforone’sfamily,and(S2)startedafarm.Thesesmallhouseholdswereportraitsof(S3)independence:theentirefamily—mother,father,children,evengrandparents—liveinasmallhouseandworking(S4)togethertosupporteachother.Anyoneunderstoodthelife(S5)anddeath,importanceoffamilycooperationandhardwork.AlthoughmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesnolongerliveonfarms,buttheidealofhomeownershipisjustas(S6)stronginthetwentiethcenturyasitwasinthenineteenth.WhenU.S.soldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarII.for(S7)example,theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.Buttherewasatremendousboominhome(S8)building.Thenewhouses,typicallyitthesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitsatisfied(S9)adeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisoftheirwayoflife.(S10)PartVWriting(30minutes)图表作文，关于一个美国大学图书馆的图书流动量(popfiction,generalnonfiction,science,art等)，给出他们的流动比例对比，说明原因，并说明你自己喜欢阅读什么样的书。2003年9月六级参考答案nPartIListeningComprehension1.D2.D3.B4.B5.C6.A7.B8.A9.A10.C11.D12.B13.C14.A15.A16.B17.A18.D19.A20.CPartIIReadingComprehension21.C22.A23.C24.B25.D26.B27.C28.B29.D30.A31.A32.C33.D34.B35.A36.B37.C38.D39.C40.DPartIIIVocabulary41.C42.B43.D44.C45.D46.D47.B48.C49.B50.A51.D52.A53.B54.D55.A56.B57.C58.A59.B60.D61.A62.D63.B64.A65.C66.D67.C68.C69.A70.BPartIVErrorCorrection1.no→not2.place→land3.started→start4.working→work5.anyone→everyone6.but→(去掉)7.before→after8.But→And9.it→they10.在house后增加as2003年9月六级答案详解SectionA1.D。这是一个推断题。对话中女士遗憾没能出席上周一的演讲，并且还了解到那是一个精彩的演讲。男士就说你可以弥补(youcanmakeitup)。而且还补充道“AnotherpresentationonthesametopicisscheduledforthesametimenextMonday”。从而可以推断出答案D.2.D。这是一个虚拟语气的推理题。女士说她想买她在商店里看见的毛皮大衣，但却没有足够的钱。男士就说要是你过去对钱更好地进行计划的话，现在就肯定可以买得起了；言下之意显然是指该女士以前对花销没进行计划，就是答案D.3.B。这也是一个推断题。女士说她新公寓的洗涤槽漏水。男士说那是小事一桩，“I’llhaveamaintenancemanncomeoverandfixitrightaway”。显然答案为B.4.B。这是一个细节理解题。男士谈到XMO这款相机镜头好、闪光灯也不错，但“don’tyouthinkthepriceisalittlesteep?”。下文也提到“Thepriceincludestheleathercase,youknow”，可得出答案B.5.C。这是一个理解题。男士对女士说你相信在Sadermale这个地方一次剪发要花30美元吗。女士就建议他试试她常去的地方，只要15美元，不过要预约罢了。显然C是正确答案。6.A。这是一个语意推理题。女士说自己太累了，建议出去吃，还说好久没在外面就餐了。男士赞同。根据女士的话可以推断出她不想做饭。7.B。这也是一个语意推理题。男士问周末是否去参加约翰的家庭联谊会。女士对男士说你知道约翰家的聚会什么样子吗，你以为我会再去吗，言下之意显然是不想再去了。8.A。这也是一个语意推理题。男士说大学里要举行一个有趣的计算机编程比赛，他的好多朋友都报了名，并问女士是否参加。女士说自己参加又能赢得什么好处呢。显然是对自己缺乏信心。故答案为A.不过B也有一定迷惑性。9.A。这还是一个语意推理题。女士对男士说你工作太辛苦了，应该休息休息。男士幽默地说你把这话对我桌子上那对文件说吧，言下之意就是工作太多，身不由己。故答案A.10.C。这是一个语意理解题。“afishoutofwater”意为“英雄无用武之地”。文中男士问女士工作得怎样，女士用这一短语回答，就是答案C所表达的意思。SectionBPassageOne【短文大意】本文主要介绍粗糙雕刻或墙上乱画(Graffiti)这样一种艺术形式以及不同时期不同地方不同的人们和它的联系、对它的看法以及它带来的危害等。11.D。这是一个细节理解题。文中提到“Writingonwallsisawaytocommentontheworldwelivein”，并举例说明(Women’sliberationgroupsinBritain,forexample,haveusedgraffititoshowtheirangeratthesexdiscriminationofmanyadvertisementswherewomen’sbodiesareusedtosellgoods)，就是答案D的意思。12.B。这也是一个细节理解题。文中提到“Graffitiisalsoapopularartform”，也举例说明(InNewYork,graffitipictureshavebeensoldforhundredsofthousandsofdollars)，所以B是正确答案。13.C。这还是一个细节理解题。文章提到“Butgraffiticanbringustrouble”，同样举例说明(TheLondonundergroundauthorityhasspentabout2millionpoundsayearonremovinggraffitifortrainsandstations)，就是C表达的内容。PassageTwo【短文大意】本文讲述的是有关亚洲象的情况。亚洲象和非洲象一样，同属世界珍稀动物，但是它悲惨的生存环境不如非洲象那样被引起重视。接着还谈到了两种象的差异、我们了解亚洲象的渠道以及亚洲象减少的原因等。14.A。这是一个细节题。文中虽然谈到人们对他们生存环境了解的差异，但涉及到两种象之间的差异，作者还是说到了“AsianelephantsareeasiertotamethanAfricanelephants”这样一个细节。所以答案为A.15.A。这也是一个细节题。文中谈到我们对亚洲象了解的渠道时说“Infact,weknowverylittleabouttheAsianelephant.TheyliveintheremoteforestsofsouthernAsiaanditisthereforeverydifficulttostudythem”。但是接着谈到“MostknowledgeofAsianelephantsisfromthosethathavebeencaptured,ortamed”。这就是A表达的内容。16.B。这还是一个细节理解题。谈到亚洲象减少的主要原因，作者说“ThemajorreasonforthedeclineofAsianelephantsistheharmtotheirforests”，而“forests”是他们自然生存的家。所以B是正确答案。PassageThree【短文大意】本文介绍的是有关美国移民增长的原因及移民增长带来的问题、对移民增长问题的对策以及亚裔移民主要状况等。17.A。这是一个细节题。在描述美国早期移民情况时，作者谈到“ThisbroughttoAmericaflocksofpeoplefromnorthernEuropewholostemploymentintheIndustrialRevolution”，这就是早期北欧人移民美国定居的原因。即答案A所描述的内容。n18.D。这也是一个细节题。随着大量移民的涌入，而且他们一向趋于贫困，所以“theywerewillingtoworkforverylowwages”。因此“Thismadeotherworkers,especiallythoseinlaborunions,afraidthattheimmigrantswiththelowerwagelevelwouldtakejobsawayfromthem”。故答案D正确。19.A。这还是一个细节题。上文提到大量移民的涌入，引起国内一些人(比如工会)的担忧甚至反对，接下来只要听出这个句子“Thisoppositionfinallyledtothepostingofimmigrationlawinthe1920’s,whichrestrictedfurtherimmigration”，就可以得出答案A.20.C。这同样是一个细节题。只要听出文章最后两句话“Asians,likeKoreansandVietnamese,soonbegantoarrive.Manyofthesenewcomershaveworkedveryhardtoestablishthemselvesintheirnewland”，就可以得出答案C了。PartIIReadingComprehensionPassageOne【短文大意】本文谈到日美商业文化的差异：美国的企业管理者会把责任和职权都交给员工，而日本的企业管理者会把职权交给员工，责任自己负。日本的这种做法有助于增强集体感以及员工对公司的忠诚。PassageTwo【短文大意】本文谈到了汽车的发展：汽车产生之前，主要交通工具是马车。但马产生的排泄物造成很大污染、交通堵塞。电车的出现解决了马车的污染问题和交通堵塞。尽管使用起来很麻烦、昂贵，汽车还是发展起来了，而且在全球飞速发展。PassageThree【短文大意】研究表明，眼泪对健康是有好处的：感情宣泄时流的眼泪中有两种独特的化学物质可以间接减轻压力；而且还可以通过眼泪诊断病情、追踪药物反映等。PassageFour【短文大意】体育训练中劳逸结合是很重要的，休息可以改善身体机能、缓解压力。如果运动员超负荷训练、休息不好，会引起“超负荷训练综合症”，症状表现为疲惫、情绪化、易怒、沮丧、失去斗志、食欲不振、体重下降等。最好的治疗方法是休息，而且要尽早发现病情。PartIIIVocabularyPartIVErrorCorrection【短文大意】文中谈到美国人的家庭梦想，希望拥有自己的房子，和家人团聚在一起。S1.no→not修饰形容词用not(副词)，修饰名词才用no(形容词)。S2.placeland→land作土地，田地，地皮解释时，是不可数名词。place而是可数名词。S3.started→start为了与前面的find,build结构一致，故去掉-ed.S4.working→work为了与live并列，一般现在时。S5.anyone→everyone根据语义应该用everyone表示每个人，而anyone表示泛指，任何一个人。S6.but(去掉)Although后面不能跟but.S7.before→after根据上下文判断应该是二战以后。S8.But→And应该是递进关系而不是转折关系。S9.it→they指代的是houses,应该用复数。S10.在house后增加asregard...as把…视为/认为…PartVWritingItcanbediscernedthattheAmericanstudentsprefertoreadthepopularnovelsratherthananyotherkindofbooks,suchastheunpopularfictions,technicalbooks,poemsandsoon.Thepercentageofthepopularnovelisabout68.2%currently.Comparatively,otherkindofnovelsisabout16.8%,8.3%,and5.2%.Itisnotdifficulttounderstandwhythepopularnovelscanattractsomanystudents.Thepopularnovelisinteresting,andnotsoabstractasbooksthatarefullofthemathematicformulas.However,asuniversitystudents,studyistheprimarytaskforustodo.Soit’sadvisablethatweshouldpaymoreattentiontothebooksinourmajor.Fictionsmaymakeourliferichandcolorful,butitcannotbecomethemajorpartofourlife.nAsfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldliketospendmysparetimeonreadingacademiccollectionofdissertations,periodicalsinmymajor,suchastechnologydigests,computernewspapersandsoforth,becauseIwanttodoagoodjobinmysubjects.Fortunately,mydreamscometrue.Meanwhile,Ihavegainedotherthings,i.e.I’velaidasolidfoundationinspecializedfield,whichmakesmefeeleasytocontrivetheelectroniccircuitsthathavetobedoneduringourbacheloryears.Thankstothosebooks!2003年9月六级听力原文PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA1.W:I’msorryIwasn’tabletoattendthelecturelastMonday.I’vehearditwasquiteasuccess.M:Well,youcanmakeitup.AnotherpresentationonthesametopicisscheduledforthesametimenextMonday.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?2.W:IcertainlywouldliketobuythefurcoatIsawinthedepartmentstore,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney.M:Well,ifyouhadbudgetedyourmoneybetter,youwouldbeabletobuyitnow.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?3.W:Mr.Dahli,I’vejustcheckedmynewapartment.Thekitchensinkisleaking.M:OkayDonna.It’snobigdeal.I’llhaveamaintenancemancomeoverandfixitrightaway.Q:Whatwillthemando?4.M:IsawyouradvertisementinthemorningpaperconcerningtheXMOmodel.Thelensseemstobeexcellentandtheflashisnotbad,butdon’tyouthinkthepriceisalittlesteep?W:Ithinkit’sagoodbuy.Thepriceincludestheleathercase,youknow.Q:Whydidthemandislikeaboutthecamera?5.M:CanyoubelieveIhadtopay$30forahaircutatSadermale.W:YoushouldtrytheplacewhereIgo.It’sonly15,butittakesawhiletogetanappointment.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?6.W:Iamcompletelyexhausted.Whydon’twedineouttonight?Idon’trememberthelasttimeyoutookmeouttodinner.M:That’snotabadidea.There’sanewMexicanrestaurantaroundthecorner.Theysayit’sgood.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?7.M:ShallwegotoJohn’shouse-warmingpartythisweekend?Everyoneisinvited.W:Well,youknowwhatJohn’spartiesarelike.DoyouthinkIwillgoagain?Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?8.M:TheUniversityisgoingtoholdaninterestingcompetitiononcomputerprogramming.Manyofmyfriendshavesignedupforit.Howaboutyou?W:DoyouthinkIcouldeverwinanythingifItookpartinit?Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutthewoman?9.W:You’vebeenworkinglikeahorse.Youshouldtakeavacation.M:Tellthattothestackofpapersonmydesk.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?10.M:Hi,Mary.Ihaven’tseenyouinages.Howareyoudoingwithyournewjob?W:Notsowell.Ifeellikeafishoutofwaterdoingthatjob.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?SectionBPassageOnenGraffitiisdrawingorwritingoftenfoundinawallinpublicplaces.Thesedrawingsandwritingsareusuallyrude,humorous,orpolitical.ThewordsGraffiti”comesfromanItalianwordmeaningaddress.Graffitiprovidesarecordofthepastbecausepeoplehavewrittenonwallsforcenturies.Cavedrawingsaretheearliestexampleswehaveoftheartofgraffiti.Writingonwallsisawaytocommentontheworldwelivein.Women’sliberationgroupsinBritain,forexample,haveusedgraffititoshowtheirangeratthesexdiscriminationofmanyadvertisementswherewomen’sbodiesareusedtosellgoods.Yesterday’sgraffiticanbetoday’sforeignattraction.WhentheBerlinwallcamedownin1989,peoplefoundthatitwascoveredwithgraffitifromallovertheworld.Gravesoffamouspeople,likerock-starJimMorrison,arecoveredwithwrittenmessagesfromfans.Graffitiisalsoapopularartform.Graffitipictureshavegainedrespectinartisticcircles.Today,graffitiislikelytobefoundhanginginsidemodern,NewYorkapartmentsaswellasinthedowntownstreets.InNewYork,graffitipictureshavebeensoldforhundredsofthousandsofdollars.Graffitiartistshavebeenpaidtousetheirarttobrightenupdullenvironments.Butgraffiticanbringustrouble.Scenesofnaturalbeautyandimportantlandmarkshavebeenspoiledbymindlessgraffiti.TheLondonundergroundauthorityhasspentabout2millionpoundsayearonremovinggraffitifortrainsandstations.Ifyouarecaughtdoingit,youcanbesenttoperson.InBritain,themaximumsentenceforthistypeofcrimeistenyears.Whetheryouthinkgraffitiismindlessviolenceagainstproperty,oralivingartform,itspopularitysuggeststhatitisheretostay.11.Whatdowomen’sliberationgroupsinBritaindowithgraffiti?12.WhatdosomeNewYorkersthinkofgraffiti?13.WhydoesthespeakercitetheexampleofgraffitiintheLondonunderground?PassageTwoTheAsianelephantisoneoftheworld’srarestanimal.Unfortunately,itssadconditionhasnotbeenaswellpublicizedasthatoftheAfricanelephant.ThisisbecauseAsianelephant’sivorysuppliesonlyasmallpercentageoftheworldivorytrade.Infact,weknowverylittleabouttheAsianelephant.TheyliveintheremoteforestsofsouthernAsiaanditisthereforeverydifficulttostudythem.MostknowledgeofAsianelephantsisfromthosethathavebeencaptured,ortamed.AsianelephantsareeasiertotamethanAfricanelephants.TheelephantsyouseeinthecircusesandzoosarenearlyalwaysAsian.ThemajorreasonforthedeclineofAsianelephantsistheharmtotheirforests.ThehugeincreaseinthehumanpopulationhascausedthedestructionoftheAsianforestforhumanpopulation.Asaresult,theAsianelephantsarecompelledtoscatterindifferentareas.Originallytheylivedalloverthecontinent,butnowthereareonlysmallisolatedpopulationsleft.Theseisolatedelephantpopulationsarevulnerabletoextinction.WhileAsianelephantsarethreatenedbyillegalcaptureanddetaining,theyarealsokilledforivoryandskin.InJuly1990,aBritishwildlifegroupuncoveredablackmarketforelephantskin.ElephantsareshotintheforestalongtheborderbetweenThailandandBurma,andtheirskinwassoldtofactoriesinBangkok.Theirskinismadeintoshoes,belts,suitcases,wallets,etc,toselltotourists.14.What’sthedifferencebetweentheAsianelephantandtheAfricanelephant?15.WheredoesmostknowledgeofAsianelephantscomefrom?16.What’sthemajorcauseinthedeclineofAsianelephants?PassageThreeAftertheearlyperiodofsettlements,thefirstsharpincreaseinimmigrationtookplaceinthe1830’sand1840’s.ThisbroughttoAmericaflocksofpeoplefromnorthernEuropewholostemploymentintheIndustrialRevolution,andthenagreatnumberofIrishpeoplewhofledfromfamine.Germanpoliticalrefugeesarrivedshortlyafter.ManynimmigrantsfromnorthernandwesternEuropesettledonfarmsintheMiddle-west.TheIrishbecameconstructionlaborersonroads,bridges,andrailroads.Inthe1880’s,atremendousfloodofimmigrantsbegancomingin,thistimelargelyfromsouthernandeasternEurope.TomostAmericans,thesenewcomersseemedfarmorestrangethantheearlysettlers.Theirlanguages,customs,andwaysoflifewereverydifferentfromthoseofAmericans.Thenewcomersmovedintothepoorestneighborhoodofthelargecities.Theytendedtostaytogetherandclingtotheiroldways.Astheywereaccustomedtopoverty,theywerewillingtoworkforverylowwages.Thismadeotherworkers,especiallythoseinlaborunions,afraidthattheimmigrantswiththelowerwagelevelwouldtakejobsawayfromthem.Indeed,organizedlaborbecameoneofthekeyopponentsofcontinuedimmigration.Thisoppositionfinallyleadtothepostingofimmigrationlawinthe1920’s,whichrestrictedfurtherimmigration.In1965,theseunfairlawswerereplacedbyanewimmigrationact,whichgrantedequalopportunitiestoforeigners,regardlessoftheirplaceoforigin.Asians,likeKoreansandVietnamese,soonbegantoarrive.Manyofthesenewcomershaveworkedveryhardtoestablishthemselvesintheirnewland.17.WhydidnorthernEuropeanpeoplecometosettledownintheUnitedStates?18.Whatdidthelaborunionsworryabout?19.Whatwasthepurposeoftheimmigrationlawpassedinthe1920’s?20.WhatdoweknowfromthepassageaboutAsianimmigrants?2003年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷试卷一PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversation,weknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)SheknowswhereMarthahasgone.B)Marthawillgototheconcertbyherself.C)ItisquitepossibleforthemantofindMartha.D)ThemanisgoingtomeetMarthaattheconcert.2.A)Theairpollutioniscausedbythedevelopmentofindustry.B)Thecitywaspoorbecausetherewasn’tmuchindustrythen.nC)Thewoman’sexaggeratingtheseriousnessofthepollution.D)Hemightmovetoanothercityverysoon.3.A)Themanshouldworkhardertoimprovehisgrades.B)Themanwillbenefitfromtheefforthe’sputin.C)Itservesthemanrighttogetapoorgrade.D)ItwasunfairoftheteachertogivethemanaC.4.A)Shecanmakeareservationattherestaurant.B)Themanshoulddecidewheretoeat.C)ShealreadyhasplansforSaturdaynight.D)Themanshouldaskhisbrotherforsuggestions.5.A)Themandeservedtheaward.B)Thewomanhelpedthemansucceed.C)Themanisthankfultothewomanforherassistance.D)Thewomanworkedhardandwasgivenanaward.6.A)Voluntaryworkcanhelpthemanestablishconnectionswiththecommunity.B)Theman’svoluntaryworkhaslefthimlittleroominhisschedule.C)Voluntaryworkwiththeenvironmentcouncilrequiresatimecommitment.D)Alotofpeoplehavesignedupforvoluntaryworkwiththeenvironmentcouncil.7.A)Thepatientmustreceivetreatmentregularly.B)Thepatientcan’tleavethehospitaluntilthebleedingstops.C)Thepatient’shusbandcanattendtothebusinessinherplace.D)Thepatientmusttakeagoodrestandforgetaboutherbusiness.8.A)Alicedoesnotknowmuchaboutelectronics.B)Aliceisunlikelytofindajobanywhere.C)Aliceisnotinterestedinanythingbutelectronics.D)Aliceislikelytofindajobinanelectronicscompany.9.A)Jimmyisgoingtosetouttonight.B)Jimmyhasnotdecidedonhisjourney.C)Thereisnoneedtohaveafarewelldinner.D)TheymayhaveadinnerwhenJimmy’sback.10.A)Thewomanhadbeenplanningfortheconference.B)Thewomancalledthemanbutthelinewasbusy.C)Thewomandidn’tcomebackuntilmidnight.D)Thewomanhadguestsallevening.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Theyaredelightedbecausetheycanenjoythescenerywhiledriving.B)Theyarefrightenedbecausetrafficaccidentsarefrequent.C)Theyareirritatedbecausethebridgeisjammedwithcars.D)Theyarepleasedbecauseitsavesthemmuchtime.n12.A)Theydon’thavetheirowncarstodrivetowork.B)Manyofthemareromanticbytemperament.C)Mostofthemenjoythedrinksontheboat.D)Theytendtobemorefriendlytoeachother.13.A)Manywelcometheideaofhavingmorebarsonboard.B)Manyprefertheferrytomaintainitspresentspeed.C)Somesuggestimprovingthedesignofthedeck.D)Someobjecttousinglargerluxuryboats.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)CocaCola.B)Sausage.C)Milk.D)Friedchicken.15.A)Hehashadthirteendecayedteeth.B)Hedoesn’thaveasingledecayedtooth.C)Hehasfewerdecayedteeththanotherpeopleofhisage.D)Heneverhadasingletoothpulledoutbeforehewasfifty.16.A)Brushyourteethrightbeforeyougotobedintheevening.B)Haveasfewofyourteethpulledoutaspossible.C)HaveyourteethX-rayedatregularintervals.D)Cleanyourteethshortlyaftereating.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Avisittoaprison.B)Theinfluenceofhisfather.C)Atalkwithsomemiserableslaves.D)HisexperienceinthewarbetweenFranceandAustria.18.A)Hesentsurgeonstoserveinthearmy.B)Heprovidedsoldierswithmedicalsupplies.C)Herecruitedvolunteerstocareforthewounded.D)Hehelpedtofreetheprisonersofwar.19.A)Allmenarecreatedequal.B)Thewoundedanddyingshouldbetreatedforfree.C)Awoundedsoldiershouldsurrenderbeforehereceivesanymedicaltreatment.D)Asufferingpersonisentitledtohelpregardlessofrace,religionorpoliticalbeliefs.20.A)TohonorSwissheroeswhodiedinthewar.B)ToshowSwitzerlandwasneutral.C)TopaytributetoSwitzerland.D)ToshowgratitudetotheSwissgovernmentforitsfinancialsupport.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOnenQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foryears,doctorsadvisedtheirpatientsthattheonlythingtakingmultivitaminsdoesisgivethemextensiveurine(尿).Afterall,truevitamindeficienciesarepracticallyunheardofinindustrializedcountries.Nowitseemsthosedoctorsmayhavebeenwrong.Theresultsofagrowingnumberofstudiessuggestthatevenamodestvitaminshortfallcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.Althoughproofofthebenefitsofmultivitaminsisstillfarfromcertain,thefewdollarsyouspendonthemisprobablyagoodinvestment.Oratleastthat’stheargumentputforwardintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Ideally,sayDr.WalterWillettandDr.MeirStampferofHarvard,allvitaminsupplementswouldbeevaluatedinscientificallyrigorousclinicaltrials.Butthosestudiescantakealongtimeandoftenraisemorequestionsthantheyanswer.Atsomepoint,whileresearchersworkonfiguringoutwherethetruthlies,itjustmakessensetosaythepotentialbenefitoutweighsthecost.Thebestevidencetodateconcernsfolate,oneoftheBvitamins.It’sbeenprovedtolimitthenumberofdefectsinembryos(胚胎),andarecenttrialfoundthatfolateincombinationwithvitaminB12andaformofB6alsodecreasesthere-blockageofarteriesaftersurgicalrepair.ThenewsonvitaminEhasbeenmoremixed.Healthyfolkswhotake400internationalunitsdailyforatleasttwoyearsappearsomewhatlesslikelytodevelopheartdisease.ButwhendoctorsgivevitaminEtopatientswhoalreadyhaveheartdisease,thevitamindoesn’tseemtohelp.ItmayturnoutthatvitaminEplaysaroleinpreventionbutcannotundoseriousdamage.DespitevitaminC’sgreatpopularity,consuminglargeamountsofitstillhasnotbeenpositivelylinkedtoanygreatbenefit.ThebodyquicklybecomessaturatedwithCandsimplyexcretes(排泄)anyexcess.Themultivitaminsquestionboilsdowntothis:Doyouneedtowaituntilalltheevidenceisinbeforeyoutakethem,orareyouwillingtoacceptthatthere’senoughevidencethattheydon’thurtandcouldhelp?Ifthelatter,there’snoneedtogotoextremesandbuythebiggesthorsepillsorthemostexpensivebottles.Largedosescancausetrouble,includingexcessivebleedingandnervoussystemproblems.Multivitaminsarenosubstituteforexerciseandabalanceddiet,ofcourse.Aslongasyouunderstandthatanypotentialbenefitismodestandsubjecttofurtherrefinement,takingadailymultivitaminmakesalotofsense.21.Atonetimedoctorsdiscouragedtakingmultivitaminsbecausetheybelievedthatmultivitamins________.A)couldnoteasilybeabsorbedbythehumanbodyB)werepotentiallyharmfultopeople’shealthC)weretooexpensivefordailyconsumptionD)couldnotprovideanycureforvitamindeficiencies22.Accordingtotheauthor,clinicaltrialsofvitaminsupplements________.A)oftenresultinmisleadingconclusionsB)taketimeandwillnotproduceconclusiveresultsC)shouldbeconductedbyscientistsonalargerscaleD)appeartobeasheerwasteoftimeandresources23.IthasbeenfoundthatvitaminE________.A)shouldbetakenbypatientsregularlyandpersistentlyB)caneffectivelyreducetherecurrenceofheartdiseaseC)hasapreventivebutnotcurativeeffectonheartdiseaseD)shouldbegiventopatientswithheartdiseaseasearlyaspossible24.Itcanbeseenthatlargedosesofmultivitamins________.A)maybringaboutserioussideeffectsB)mayhelppreventexcessivebleedingnC)arelikelytoinducetheblockageofarteriesD)areadvisableforthosewithvitamindeficiencies25.Theauthorconcludesthepassagewiththeadvicethat________.A)thebenefitofdailymultivitaminintakeoutweighsthatofexerciseandabalanceddietB)it’sriskytotakemultivitaminswithoutknowingtheirspecificfunctionC)thepotentialbenefitofmultivitaminscanneverbeoverestimatedD)it’sreasonabletotakearationaldoseofmultivitaminsdailyPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somefuturologistshaveassumedthatthevastupsurge(剧增)ofwomenintheworkforcemayportendarejectionofmarriage.Manywomen,accordingtothishypothesis,wouldratherworkthanmarry.Theconverse(反面)ofthisconcernisthattheprospectsofbecomingamulti-paycheckhouseholdcouldencouragemarriages.Inthepast,onlytheearningsandfinancialprospectsofthemancountedinthemarriagedecision.Now,however,theearningabilityofawomancanmakehermoreattractiveasamarriagepartner.Datashowthateconomicdownturnstendtopostponemarriagebecausethepartiescannotaffordtoestablishafamilyorareconcernedaboutrainydaysahead.Astheeconomyrebounds,thenumberofmarriagesalsorises.Coincidentwiththeincreaseinwomenworkingoutsidethehomeistheincreaseindivorcerates.Yet,itmaybewrongtojumptoanysimplecause-and-effectconclusions.Theimpactofawife’sworkondivorceisnolesscloudythanitsimpactonmarriagedecisions.Therealizationthatshecanbeagoodprovidermayincreasethechancesthataworkingwifewillchoosedivorceoveranunsatisfactorymarriage.Butthereverseisequallyplausible.Tensionsgroundedinfinancialproblemsoftenplayakeyroleinendingamarriage.Givenhighunemployment,inflationaryproblems,andslowgrowthinrealearnings,aworkingwifecanincreasehouseholdincomeandrelievesomeofthesepressingfinancialburdens.Byraisingafamily’sstandardofliving,aworkingwifemaystrengthenherfamily’sfinancialandemotionalstability.Psychologicalfactorsalsoshouldbeconsidered.Forexample,awifeblockedfromacareeroutsidethehomemayfeelcagedinthehouse.Shemayviewheronlychoiceasseekingadivorce.Ontheotherhand,ifshecanfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,workandmarriagecangotogethertocreateastrongerandmorestableunion.Also,amajorpartofwomen’sinequalityinmarriagehasbeenduetothefactthat,inmostcases,menhaveremainedthemainbreadwinners.Withhigherearningcapacityandstatusoccupationsoutsideofthehomecomesthecapacitytoexercisepowerwithinthefamily.Aworkingwifemayrobahusbandofbeingthemasterofthehouse.Dependinguponhowthecouplereactstothesenewconditions,itcouldcreateastrongerequalpartnershiporitcouldcreatenewinsecurities.26.Theword“portend”(Line2,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A)defyB)signalC)sufferfromD)resultfrom27.Itissaidinthepassagethatwhentheeconomyslides,________.A)menwouldchooseworkingwomenastheirmarriagepartnersB)morewomenwouldgetmarriedtoseekfinancialsecurityC)evenworkingwomenwouldworryabouttheirmarriagesD)morepeoplewouldprefertoremainsingleforthetimebeing28.Ifwomenfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,________.A)theyaremorelikelytodominatetheirmarriagepartnersnB)theirhusbandsareexpectedtodomorehouseworkC)theirmarriagetiescanbestrengthenedD)theytendtoputtheircareerbeforemarriage29.Onereasonwhywomenwithnocareermayseekadivorceisthat________.A)theyfeelthattheyhavebeenrobbedoftheirfreedomB)theyareafraidofbeingbossedaroundbytheirhusbandsC)theyfeelthattheirpartnersfailtoliveuptotheirexpectationsD)theytendtosuspecttheirhusbands’loyaltytotheirmarriage30.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizetheauthor’sviewinthepassage?A)Thestabilityofmarriageandthedivorceratemayreflecttheeconomicsituationofthecountry.B)Evenwheneconomicallyindependent,mostwomenhavetostruggleforrealequalityinmarriage.C)Inordertosecuretheirmarriagewomenshouldworkoutsidethehomeandremainindependent.D)Theimpactofthegrowingfemaleworkforceonmarriagevariesfromcasetocase.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.FormostthinkerssincetheGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexists—thatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarationalbeing,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled“humannature.”Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology(人类学).Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate(天生的)humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto“humannature”inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablyliesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.31.Thetraditionalviewof“humannature”wasstronglychallengedby________.A)theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheoryB)thehistoricalapproachtomanC)newinsightintohumanbehaviorD)thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery32.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings________.A)havesometraitsincommonB)arebornwithdiverseculturesC)arebornwithoutafixednaturenD)changetheircharactersastheygrowup33.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinker,inorderto________.A)emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature”B)showthattheconceptof“humannature”wasusedtojustifysocialevilsC)provethathehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof“humannature”D)supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired34.Theword“untenable”(Line3)inthelastparagraphofthepassagemostprobablymeans________.A)invaluableB)imaginableC)changeableD)indefensible35.Mostphilosophersbelievedthathumannature________.A)isthequalitydistinguishingmanfromotheranimalsB)consistsofcompetitivenessandselfishnessC)issomethingpartlyinnateandpartlyacquiredD)consistsofrationalityandundesirablebehaviorPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners(从业者).“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(头盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor(肿瘤).Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.Duringtheseprocedures—operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered—surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”36.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine________.A)willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldB)canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldnC)willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldD)canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield37.RichardSatavahasvisionsof________.A)usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseasB)woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldC)woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonsD)settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseas38.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?A)Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.B)Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.C)Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.D)A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.39.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause________.A)heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreenB)thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglesC)thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedD)heiswearing3-Dglasses40.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey________.A)causelesspaintothewoundedB)allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyC)willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstediousD)aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecisionPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Hesuggestedthatweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite________.A)probableB)sustainableC)feasibleD)eligible42.Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant________ofAmericanlife.A)facetsB)formatsC)formulasD)fashions43.Itisonethingtolocateoil,butitisquiteanotherto________andtransportittotheindustrialcenters.A)permeateB)extractC)distinguishD)concentrate44.Studentsareexpectedtobequietand________inanAsianclassroom.A)obedientB)overwhelmingC)skepticalnD)subsidiary45.Ourreporterhasjustcalledtosaythatrescueteamswill________tobringoutthetrappedminers.A)effectB)affectC)conceiveD)endeavour46.TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto________themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.A)remedyB)reproachC)reviveD)revenge47.Creatingsomuchconfusion,Masonrealizedhehadbettermake________whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.A)exclusiveB)explicitC)objectiveD)obscure48.Oneoftheexaminationquestions________mecompletelyandIcouldn’tanswerit..A)baffledB)mingledC)provokedD)diverted49.Thevisionofthatbigblackcarhittingthesidewalkafewfeetfromuswillneverbe________frommymemory.A)ejectedB)escapedC)erasedD)omitted50.Atpresent,itisnotpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthereisacausalrelationshipbetweentheamountoffatweeatandthe________ofheartattacks.A)incidenceB)impetusC)ruptureD)emergence51.Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce________politicalendscanneverbejustified.A)insearchofB)inpursuitofC)inviewofD)inlightof52.Sometimesthebankmanagerhimselfisaskedto________chequesifhisclerksarenotsureaboutthem.A)creditB)assureC)certifyD)accessn53.Itisbelievedthattheauthoritiesarethinkingof________newtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.A)impairingB)imposingC)invadingD)integrating54.Whensheheardthebadnews,hereyes________withtearsasshestruggledtocontrolheremotions.A)sparkledB)twinkledC)radiatedD)glittered55.Thereareoccasionswhengivingagift________spokencommunication,sincethemessageitofferscancutthroughbarriersoflanguageandculturaldiversity.A)overtakesB)nourishesC)surpassesD)enforces56.Inordertokeepthelinemoving,customerswithlengthy________arerequiredtodotheirbankinginside.A)transitB)transactionsC)turnoverD)tempos57.PresidentWilsonattemptedto________betweenthepowerstoendthewar,butneithersidewaspreparedtogivein.A)segregateB)whirlC)compromiseD)mediate58.Thepolicehaveinstalledcamerasatdangerousroad________tofilmthosewhodrivethroughredtrafficlights.A)trenchesB)utilitiesC)pavementsD)junctions59.Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina________ontherailwayyesterday.A)collisionB)collaborationC)corrosionD)confrontation60.Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof________love.A)successiveB)consecutiveC)eternalD)insistent61.Executivesofthecompanyenjoyedan________lifestyleoffreegifts,finewinesandhighsalaries.A)exquisiteB)extravagantnC)exoticD)eccentric62.Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto________awayalltherocks.A)haulB)repelC)disposeD)snatch63.Somecropsarerelativelyhighyieldersandcouldbeplantedinpreferencetoothersto________thefoodsupply.A)enhanceB)curbC)disruptD)heighten64.AstronomersattheUniversityofCaliforniadiscoveredoneofthemostdistant________.A)paradoxesB)paradisesC)galaxiesD)shuttles65.Manygreatscientists________theirsuccesstohardwork.A)portrayB)ascribeC)impartD)acknowledge66.Thesignsetupbytheroad________driverstoasharpturn.A)alertsB)refreshesC)pleadsD)diverts67.Thedoctorsdon’t________thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.A)monitorB)manifestC)articulateD)anticipate68.Callyourdoctorforadviceifthe________persistformorethanafewdays.A)responsesB)signalsC)symptomsD)reflections69.Wefinditimpossibleto________withthelatestsafetyregulations.A)accordB)unifyC)obeyD)comply70.ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill________inpresentingtheseriesoflecturesonAmericanliterature.A)alterB)alternatenC)substituteD)exchange试卷二PartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______ThomasMalthuspublishedhis“EssayonthePrincipleofPopulation”almost200yearsago.Eversincethen,forecastershavebeingwarningthatworldwidefaminewas(S1)justaroundthenextcorner.Thefast-growingpopulation’sdemandforfood,theywarned,wouldsoonexceedtheir(S2)supply,leadingtowidespreadfoodshortagesandstarvation.Butinreality,theworld’stotalgrainharvesthasrisensteadilyovertheyears.Exceptforrelativeisolatedtrouble(S3)spotslikepresent-daySomalia,andoccasionalyearsofgoodharvests,theworld’sfoodcrisishasremainedjust(S4)aroundthecorner.Mostexpertsbelievethiscancontinueevenasifthepopulationdoublesbythemid-21stcentury,(S5)althoughfeeding10billionpeoplewillnotbeeasyforpolitics,economicandenvironmentalreasons.Optimists(S6)pointtoconcreteexamplesofcontinuedimprovementsinyield.InAfrica,byinstance,improvedseed,more(S7)fertilizerandadvancedgrowingpracticeshavemorethandoublecornandwheatyieldsinanexperiment.Elsewhere,(S8)riceexpertsinthePhilippinesareproducingaplantwithfew(S9)stemsandmoreseeds.Thereisnoguaranteethatplantbreederscancontinuetodevelopnew,higher-yieldingcrop,butmostresearchersseetheirsuccesstodateasreason(S10)forhope.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:InthissectionyouarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopicReduceWasteonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.目前有些校园内浪费现象严重；2.浪费的危害；3.从我做起，杜绝浪费。ReduceWasteonCampus2003年12月六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.C7.B8.A9.C10.D11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B16.D17.A18.C19.D20.CPartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)n21.A22.B23.C24.A25.D26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.C33.D34.D35.A36.D37.A38.C39.B40.DPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)41.C42.A43.B44.A45.D46.D47.B48.A49.C50.A51.B52.C53.B54.A55.C56.B57.D58.D59.A60.C61.B62.A63.A64.C65.B66.A67.D68.C69.D70.BPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)1.being→been2.their→its3.relative→relatively4.good→bad5.as→去掉6.politics→political7.by→for8.double→doubled9.more→fewer10.reason→thereason2003年12月六级答案详解PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA1.C。这是一个理解题。男士问女士刚才是否看见玛莎，并且提到他今晚将和玛莎一起去音乐会，女士回答说玛莎就在附近，他应该可以找到她(Youmightstillbeabletocatchher.)显然答案为C.2.A。这是一个推理题。女士抱怨说自己再也无法忍受城市越来越糟糕的空气污染，男士说正是如此，以前从没有过这么多的工厂。他间接地表达了工业的发展导致了空气污染加重的事实。所以A对。3.B。这是一个理解题。男士说想想他在试卷上写了那么多才得了C,言下之意好象得不偿失。女士说她认为分数并不重要，重要的是在努力过程中所学会的东西才对将来工作有帮助，也就是B所表达的意思。4.B。这是一个理解题。男士说自己的哥哥或弟弟周末要来，问女士三个人一起到外面就餐如何?女士说由男士决定，自己对附近的餐馆不了解。从对话谈论的内容就可以知道女士是让男士自己就这一问题拿主意，即答案为B.5.D。这是一个推理题。女士对男士表示谢意说没有他的帮助自己不可能得奖。男士说她一直努力，理所应当。答案为D.其实本题也可用排除法，即区分谁得了奖，同样就可以得出答案D.6.C。这是一个理解题。男士说他想报名参加一些环境委员会组织的义务工作，他听别人说这是一个了解社区的好途径。女士说确实如此，但得投入许多时间，所以她建议男士在时间安排中留出些时间。题干问的是女士的话语意思，所以选C.n7.B。这是一个理解题。女士问男士自己什么时候可以离开，她有一些重要的事务要处理。男士说那要取决于治疗情况，血一止住就可以走，不过他认为要化好几天时间。显然，男士(即医生)的意思是B的内容。8.A。这是一个理解题。男士说自己得知艾丽斯要到一家电子公司求职。女士说就自己所知，艾丽斯对电子一窍不通。本题主要考对“anythingbut”的听力理解。所以女士的意思是A.9.C。这是一个推理题。男士说吉米明天要去旅行了，今晚要举行告别宴会吗?女士说有必要吗?吉米只离开几天啊!言下之意就是C的内容。10.D。这是一个有关虚拟语气的推理题。男士说，关于语言教学研讨会的计划，他以为女士昨晚会给他打电话(当然，结果没打)。女士说，本来该打的，很抱歉(结果没打)；因为汤姆和简顺便来访且一直呆到深夜。所以选D.SectionBPassageOne【短文大意】金门桥把美丽的旧金山市和郊区和北部连接起来。每天有近十万辆载人的汽车来回穿梭在大桥上。其中有一半多的人是在早晚交通高峰期时过桥的，因此旅程苦不堪言。然而现在有一群快乐的通勤者，他们从桥下而不是从桥上通过，他们很高兴坐半小时的船上班，其中一些人甚至对未来渡口决定采用15分钟的快船并不那么欢迎。11.C。题目问的是，在作者看来，乘车通过金门桥的人感受如何?根据其中一句“Morethanhalfofthemcrossthebridgeduringthemorningandeveningrushhourswhentrafficissoheavythetripisnotpleasant.”可知答案为C.即使这一句不太清楚，下面一句转折的话也可以帮助推测“Nowhoweverthereisatleastonegroupofhappycommuters.”12.D。题目问作者如何描述选择坐船的通勤者?本题可采用排除法，排除A和B,文中没有提及。再根据其中一句“Bestofall,beingonaboatseemstomakepeoplemorefriendlytowardeachother.”可得出D.13.B。题目问坐船的通勤者对渡口未来的计划如何反应?根据短文最后两句话“Butnoteveryoneishappyaboutthat.Alotofpeoplefeelthathalfanhourisjustenoughtimetorelax.”显然答案为B.PassageTwo【短文大意】福斯梯克医生进行了一个为期两年的实验来调查怎样预防或减少蛀虫。有946个学生参加了实验。其中有523位学生在可能的情况下餐后十分钟用牙刷刷牙，不可能的时候就彻底地用水洗了口。剩余的423位学生只在早晚用牙刷刷牙。一年后后者患虫牙的机率比前者高三倍。两年后前者蛀牙率比后者少53%。福斯梯克医生十三年来一直坚持在每餐饭后刷牙，因此没有一颗蛀牙。他指出糖是牙齿腐烂的一个主要因素。而预防的一个主要途径就是用水洗口。14.A。题目问的是：根据短文，哪一种食物最可能导致牙齿的衰退?福斯梯克医生已经指出糖是牙齿衰退的一个主要因素，“Particularlythesugarinsweets,cakes,andsoftdrinks.”。15.B。题目问的是：文章告诉了我们什么关于福斯梯克医生牙齿的情况?根据文中句子“Dr.Faustickhascleanedhisteethaftermealforthirteenyearsandhasnothadasingledecayedtooth.”和“7ofout10peoplelooseatleasthalfoftheirteethbythetimetheyarefifty.”以及“Manyhaveacompletesetoffalseteethbythattime.”，可以推而得知。16.D。题目问的是：福斯梯克医生提出了什么建议来预防牙齿衰退?根据短文中的句子“Ideallyyoushouldkeepatoothbrushinyourpocketanduseitimmediatelyafteryouhavefinishedeating.”和上文中的实验以及福斯梯克医生的亲身经历“Dr.Faustickhascleanedhisteethaftermealforthirteenyearsandhasnothadasingledecayedtooth.”，可以得出答案D.PassageThree【短文大意】本文讲的是国际红十字会组织的诞生。文中提到1838年，十岁的邓伦特被他的父亲带到一所监狱看见了一群用铁链锁住的囚犯在院子中沿着道路粉碎石头，使他萌发了要为失去自由的囚犯和倍受压迫的奴隶做点工作的念头。又提到1859年6月24日他在从日内瓦到法国的途中目击了法国和奥地利军队之间战争的残酷，决定组织志愿服务者。他聚集了许多妇女来照顾不同国籍的伤兵和帮助外科医生进行救治。他认为：遭受痛苦的人不受种族、宗教和政治信仰的限制都应该得到救治。后来他的建议得到许多欧洲国家支持，并且在1864年8月22日签署了第一个日内瓦协议。为了纪念瑞士的贡献，又以颠倒的瑞士国旗为会旗。n17.A。题目问的是：什么最初使得邓伦特想到要帮助受压迫者?文中提到1838年，十岁的邓伦特被他的父亲带到一所监狱看见了一群用铁链锁住的囚犯在院子中沿着道路粉碎石头，使他萌发了要为失去自由的囚犯和倍受压迫的奴隶做点工作的念头。所以选A.18.C。题目问的是：法国和奥地利战争期间邓伦特做了什么?文中提到他在从日内瓦到法国的途中目击了法国和奥地利军队之间战争的残酷，决定组织自愿服务。他聚集了许多妇女来照顾不同国籍的伤兵和帮助外科医生进行救治。因此选C.19.D。题目问的是：邓伦特在创建国际红十字会组织的时候有什么信念?文中提到他认为：遭受痛苦的人不受种族、宗教和政治信仰的限制都应该只因为他自身而得到救治。故D对。20.C。题目问的是：为什么国际红十字会组织的标志设计为白底红十字?为了纪念瑞士的贡献，又以颠倒的瑞士国旗为会旗。所以选C.PartIIReadingComprehensionPassageOne【短文大意】本文介绍了维生素的作用。越来越多研究表明即使少量的维生素缺乏也会有损身体健康。尽管关于维生素好处的证据还不是很充分，但花钱买维生素是很划算的。健康人至少连续两年每天吃400单位维生素E就不大可能患心脏病。但心脏病患者再吃维生素E却于事无补。维生素E的作用主要是预防而不是治疗疾病。但过量服用维生素也会引起麻烦。21.A。本题为事实推断题。依据首段第一句话就可推断出以前的医生对服用复合维生素不以为然，因为他们认为维生素不能被人体吸收—从小便中排出体外。所以A为正确选项。22.B。细节推断题。其答题依据为第二段第二句话。有关维生素的实验研究往往费时而且引起更多的疑问，言外之意此实验研究的结果没有定论。故B为正确答案。23.C。事实判断题。其答题依据为第四段，尤其是该段最后一句。维生素E有预防心脏病的功效但不能治好心脏病。故C正确。B为干扰项，服用维生素E只是不太可能患心脏病，并不是有效减少心脏病的复发率，所以B不对。24.A。细节判断题。答题依据为第七段第二句话。大剂量服用维生素会引起大出血、神经系统的毛病及其它副作用。故A为正确答案。25.D。作者观点推断题。答题依据为最后一段。维生素不能代替运动和均衡的饮食。只要人们对维生素的好处不盲从，那每天适量服用它就很有益处。故D为正确答案。PassageTwo【短文大意】本文介绍了关于职业女性与婚姻的两种观点。有些未来学家认为随着女性劳动力人数的急剧增长，许多女性会选择不结婚。与此相反，另一种观点认为职业女性的增加会使结婚的人数也增加。作者显然赞成后一种观点。职业女性能提高家庭的收入和生活标准，因此有助于家庭情感的稳固。从心理因素考虑，职业女性在工作上的成就感也有利于家庭关系的稳定。女性成为家庭经济收入的主力军能提高她们在家里的地位，并有里利于婚姻中男女的平等。26.B。词汇猜意考查题。portendv.预示，预兆;根据第一段第一句的句意可推断正确答案为B.27.D。细节判断题。答题依据为第一段倒数底二句话。数据表明在经济衰退时，许多人因为无法负担组建家庭或因为对未来的困难没有把握而不结婚。故D为正确答案。28.C。事实判断题。答题依据为第三段最后一句话。女性在工作上的成就感有利于婚姻关系的稳定。故C为正确答案。29.A。细节推断题。答题依据为第三段第二句话。女性没有工作会有被囚禁在家的感受，她会选择离婚作为解救自己的唯一出路。故A为正确答案。30.D。文章主旨判断题。整段文章的主旨可从最后一句话看出。故D为正确答案。PassageThreen【短文大意】本文介绍了对普遍人性观点的三种挑战。大多数哲学家认为人性将人与动物区分开来，人性使人成为理性的存在。但近来由于三种新的观点，这种传统观点受到质疑。第一种新视角就是历史研究方法。该方法认为远古人与现代人相去甚远。美国人类学家的研究也赞成历史研究方法，人类学家认为人类生下来就像一张白纸等待文化的涂写。第二种新视角认为所谓“人性”的说法不过是为人类非人道的行为做掩护，如亚里士多德利用“人性”为奴隶制作辩护。第三种挑战来自于进化论。一旦人被视为处于不断进化的过程当中，普遍人性的观点自然就站不住脚。31.B。纵观全文得出对普遍人性这一看法的挑战主要来自历史研究观点。而题干是问对“人性”的挑战主要来自何种观点。故B为正确答案。32.C。细节判断题。答题依据为第二段第四句。对远古民族的研究揭示了人类风俗、价值观、感情和思想的多样性，因此许多考古学家认为人类出生时像一张白纸，真正起决定作用的是文化。言外之意没有固定不变的人性。故C为正确答案。33.B。事实判断题。答题依据为第二段第五句。作者以亚里士多德为例说明有些哲学家用“人性”的名义作为掩护人类罪恶的幌子。故B为正确答案。34.D。词汇猜意考查题。untenableadj.站不住脚的，无法辩护的。根据本句上下文可知正确答案为D.35.A。细节题。答案可从第一段看出。PassageFour【短文大意】本文是篇介绍“虚拟现实外科手术”的科普说明文。RichardSatava—高级医疗技术的程序经理，他是推动虚拟现实外科手术发展的主力。虚拟外科手术利用计算机为外科医生创造虚拟的手术环境。这种技术可以让美国海外作战的伤员在当地移动医疗中心接受手术。36.C。细节判断题。答题依据为第一段和二段。将虚拟技术运用到外科手术中能每个战壕都有一个外科医生，即海外战场的医疗条件能大大提高。故C为正确答案。37.A。细节推断题。答案依据第三段。故A为正确答案。38.C。细节推断题。答题依据为第四段最后两句话。虚拟手术的过程外科医生通过观察伤口的三维画面，他们操作与电脑联网的仪器，电脑将他们的动作传递给机器人医生来操刀外科手术。故C为正确答案。39.D。细节推断题。答题依据为倒数第二段第一句话。为了将伤口看得更清，外科医生都戴上三维眼镜。故D为正确答案。40.D。事实判断题。答题依据为倒数第二段最后一句话。外科医生指挥机器人外科医生切除坏的组织，机器人比真人外科医生更精确地操刀动手术。故D为正确答案。PartIIIVocabulary41.C。形容词辨析题。因为计划很可行他建议我们实行该计划。probableadj.可能的；sustainableadj.可持续的；feasibleadj.可行的；eligibleadj.合格的。根据句意feasible切题故选C.42.A。名词辨析题。这本书讲述的是这些基本的信仰和价值观是如何影响美国生活中的重要层面的。facetn.方面；formatn.格式；formulan.化学式，配方；fashionn.时尚。43.B。动词辨析题。找到石油是回事，但提取石油并将其运送到工业地带是另一回事。permeatev.渗透；extractvt.提取；distinguishvt.辨别；concentratevt.集中注意力。根据句意extract切题故选B.44.A。形容词辨析题。在亚洲的课堂里，学生要服从老师并保持安静。obedientadj.服从的听话的；overwhelmingadj.压倒性的，极度的；skepticaladj.怀疑的；subsidiaryadj.次要的，附属的。根据句意obedient切题故选A.45.D。本题考查固定搭配的掌握。我社记者刚打电话来说援救小组会努力救出被围困的矿工。endeavourto试图，努力；effectn.效果；affectvt.影响；conceive(of)想出，构思。根据句意endeavour切题故选D.46.D。此题考查动词固定搭配的掌握。西班牙队去年输给德国队，下周它会尽最大努力报仇雪耻。revengeoneselfonsb.是固定搭配，“向某人报仇”的意思，故选D.remedyv.补救，治疗；reproachv.责备；revivev.复活，复兴。47.B。形容词辨析题。Mason的话引起许多困惑，他意识到他最好向观众明确表达自己的意思。exclusiveadj.独家的，独有的；explicitadj.明确的；objectiveadj.客观的；obscureadj.模糊的。根据句意explicit切题故选B.48.A。动词辨析题。有一道考题难倒我了，我做不出来。bafflevt.难倒，难住；minglev.混合；provokev.激怒，招惹；divertv.转向，改道。根据句意baffle切题故选A.49.C。动词辨析题。那辆大黑卡车撞上人行道离我们仅几英尺，这一幕情景永远无法从我记忆中抹去。ejectnv.;喷出，射出；escapevi.逃跑；erasevt.擦掉，抹掉；omitvt.省略。50.A。名词辨析题。脂肪的摄入量和心脏病的发病率有关联，目前对这种说法既不能肯定也不能反驳。incidencen.发病率；impetusn.推动力；rupturen.破裂，绝交；emergencen.紧急情况。根据句意incidence切题故选A.51.B。短语辨析题。许多人认为不能将武力作为寻求政治目的的手段。insearchof寻找；inpursuitof追求；inviewof鉴于，由于；inlightof根据。根据句意inpursuitof切题故选B.52.C。动词辨析题。如果银行员工对支票不敢确定时，银行经理就要亲自确认支票。creditvt.信赖；assurevt.确保；certifyvt.确认；accessn.接触的机会或方法。根据句意certify切题故选C.53.B。固定搭配考查题。人们人认为当局正在考虑征收新的税以增加收入。impairv.损害；imposevt.强加；invadevt.侵略；integratev.使成一体。根据句意integrate切题故选B.54.C。动词近义词辨析题。当她听到这个不好的消息时眼里泪光闪闪，但她强撑着克制自己的感情。sparkle,twinkle,glitter都可指(因高兴而)发光，而radiate可指释放某种痛苦的情感。55.C。动词辨析题。有些场合赠送礼品胜过言语交谈，因为礼品传达的内涵能跨越语言和文化的障碍。overtakev.追上；nourishv.滋养surpassvt.胜过；enforcevt.实施，加强。56.B。名词辨析题。为了使队列流通，有冗长交易的顾客要在营业部里面进行交易。transitn.运送；transactionn.交易，比如：Thestockbrokerdealswithtransactionsinstocksandsharesforhisclientseveryday,turnovern.营业额；tempon.进度，速度。根据句意，transaction切题，故选B.57.D。动词辨析题。威尔森总统企图斡旋这些权力部门来结束战争，但哪一方也不肯让步。segregatev.隔离；whirlv.旋转；compromisev.组成；mediatev.斡旋。mediate一般搭配between,比如：Themanagermediatedbetweentheemployerandemployee.58.D。名词辨析题。警察在危险的岔路口装了摄像机来拍下闯红灯的司机。trenchn.壕沟；utilityn.用处，实效；pavementn.人行道；junctionn.道路交叉点。根据句意，junction切题，故选D.59.A。据报导昨天有三十人在天铁路撞车事故中丧生。collisionn.撞车；collaborationn.合作；corrosionn.腐蚀；confrontationn.面临。60.C。形容词辨析题。圆圈既没有起点也没有终点，所以结婚戒指是永恒爱情的象征。successiveadj.连续的；consecutiveadj.连续不断的；eternaladj.永恒的；insistentadj.迫切的，紧急的。61.B。形容词辨析题。公司的总裁们生活奢侈，他们享受着免费礼品、美酒和高薪。exquisiteadj.精致的；extravagantadj.奢侈的；exoticadj.异国情调的；eccentricadj.古怪的。62.A。动词辨析题。如果你想钻进隧道的话你首先得清除所有的石头。haulv.拖；repelv.拒绝；disposev.处理，清理；snatchv.抓，攫取。63.A。动词辨析题。有些粮作物相对产量较高可以优先种植来提高粮食供给量。enhancev.提高，促进；enhancethesupply,enhancethevalue/price/attractions/power;curbv.控制；disruptv.分裂；heightenv.变高；加强。比如：Herangerwasheightenedatthesightofthedisguisedbeggar.64.C。名词辨析题。加利福利亚大学的天文学家发现了最遥远的星系之一。paradoxn.矛盾；paradisen.天堂；galaxyn.星系；shuttlen.梭。根据句意galaxy切题故选C65.B。固定搭配考查题。许多伟大的科学家把他们的成功归因于勤奋工作。portrayv.描写；ascribeto归因于；impartv.传授；acknowledgev.承认。根据句意ascribe切题故选B66.A。词义辨析题。标志树立在路边是为了提醒司机有一个急转弯。refresh使清新，使提神；plead恳求，以…为借口；divert转移，转向。根据句意A对，例如：alertsb,tothefactthat...提醒某人注意…的事实。67.D。动词辨析题。医生没指望这个病人会活很长时间。monitorn.班长，监测器；manifestvt.体现，显现；articulatevi.清楚地说，明确地说；anticipatevt.期待。据上下文，anticipate切题，故选D.68.C。名词辨析题。如果症状持续好几天就去看医生征求他的意见。responsen.反应；signaln.信号；symptomn.症状；reflectionn.映像，思考。根据句意symptom切题,故选C.69.D。固定搭配考查题。我们发现不可能遵守最新的安全规则。accordv.符合；unifyv.团结；obeyvt.服从；comply(with)遵守。根据句意comply切题,故选D.n70.B。动词辨析题。Smith教授与Brown教授俩人将轮流开一系列美国文学的讲座。alterv.改变；alternatev.轮流，交替；substitutev.替换；exchangev.交换。根据句意alternate切题,故选B.PartIVErrorCorrection71.being→been现在完成时的进行时态为havebeen+现在分词。72.their→its此处代词代名词population为单数，所以代词应是its而非their.73.relative→relatively修饰形容词isolated应为副词relatively而非形容词relative.74.good→poor/bad句首用了Exceptfor,显然是指不好的事情，故这里应将good改为bad或poor.75.evenasif→evenif此处考查固定短语evenif,即使。asif仿佛。根据上下文应为即使世界人口到21世纪中叶增长两倍。76.politics→political此处and连接三个并列的形容词economic,environmental,和politic.politics是名词，political才是形容词政治的。77.by→for此处考查固定短语。forinstance例如,没有forinstance.78.double→doubled此处应为现在完成时态，havemorethandoubledcornandwheatyields,意为在试验中，进口种子、肥料和先进的种植技术使玉米和小麦的产量增长了两倍多。79.few→fewer此处and连接两个并列的形容词比较级，所以把few改为fewer.80.crop→cropscrop指“庄稼”时，常用复数形式crops；作单数时，意为“产量”。PartVWritingReduceWasteonCampusNowadays,wasteisquiteprevalentandseriousoncampus.Foodisthrownawaysimplybecauseitdoesn’ttastegood.Newspapersandmagazinesarediscarded,becausetheyhavebeenread.Whatisworse,studentsseemtobequiteaccustomedtosuchwasteanddon’thaveafeelingofguilt.Wastecandomuchharm.Ourcountryhasthelargestpopulationintheworldandsuffersfromashortageofnaturalresources.Itiscrucialforustomakefulluseofwhatwehave,orelse,theresourceswillsoonrunout,andwewillhavenothingleftforthenextgenerations.Wasteiscertainlymakingmattersworse.Second,wastemaycontributetoahabitofextravagance,whichisnotgoodatall.WeChinesepeoplehavethegoodtraditionofbeingeconomic,andareindignantaboutwasteofanykind.Therefore,allofusshouldreducewaste.Wecantrytoeatupameal.Wemaygiveouroldbookstothosewhoneedthem,insteadofthrowingthemaway.Also,weshouldformthenotionthatwasteisquiteshameful.Aslongasallofustakeaction,wastewillsurelybereduced.2003年12月六级听力原文SectionA1.M:DidyouseeMarthajustnow?Iwanttoaskhertogowithustotheconcerttonight.W:Shemustbearoundsomewhere.Youmightstillbeabletocatchher.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.M:Ican’tbaretheairpollutioninthiscityanymore.Itisgettingworseandworse.W:Yousaidit.We’veneverhadsomanyfactoriesbefore.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.M:JustthinkIwentthroughsomuchworkonmypaperonlytogetaC.W:Well,Idon’tthinkgradesareeverything.Whatyouhavelearnedintheprocesswillproveusefulinyourfuturework.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.M:Mybrotheriscomingthisweekend,andIwasthinkingthethreeofuscouldgoouttodinnerSaturdaynight.Anysuggestions?nW:It’suptoyou.Idon’tknowtherestaurantherethatwell.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.M:Icouldn’thavewontheawardwithoutyourassistance.Thankyouverymuch.M:Youhavebeenworkingsohard.Youdeservethehonor.Q:Whatdowelearnedfromtheconversation?6.M:I’dliketosignupforsomevoluntaryworkwiththeenvironmentcouncil.Ihearitisagreatwaytoconnectwiththecommunity.W:Itsureis.Butyou’llhavetoputinalotofhours.Soyoumustleavesomeroominschedulingyourtime.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?7.M:CanyoutellmewhenIcanleavehere,doctor?Ihavesomeimportantbusinesstoattendto.M:Thatdependsonhowyourconditionreactstoourtreatment.Youmayleaveassoonasthebleedingstops.Ithinkthatwilltakeacoupleofdays.Q:Whatdoesthedoctormean?8.M:I’mtoldAliceistryingtofindajobinanelectronicscompany.W:AsfarasIknow,sheisgoodatanythingbutelectronics.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.M:Jimmyisgoingonajourneytomorrow.Shallwehaveafarewelldinnertonight?W:Doyouthinkit’snecessary?Youknowhewillbeawayjustafewdays.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?10.M:Ithoughtyouweregoingtocallmelastnightabouttheplansfortheconferenceonlanguageteaching.W:Sorry,Ishouldhave,butTomandJanestoppedbyandstayeduntilmidnight.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?SectionBPassageOneTheGoldenGateBridgejoinsthebeautifulcityofSanFranciscowiththesuburbstothenorth.Eachdayaboutonehundredthousandautomobilescrossthebridgetakingpeopletoandfromthecity.Morethanhalfofthemcrossthebridgeduringthemorningandeveningrushhours.Whentrafficissoheavythetripisnotpleasant.Now,however,thereisatleastonegroupofhappycommuters.Thesearethepeoplewhotravelunderthebridgeinsteadofonit.Theygotoworkbyboatandenjoyitsomuchthatmostofthemsaytheywillnevergobycaragain.Theferrytheytakeisspacious,quietandcomfortable.Commuterscanenjoythesunondeck.Inthemorningtheycanhavebreakfastinthecoffeeshop.Andintheeveningtheycanorderadrinkinthebarwhilelookingatthebeautifulscenery.Thetriptakesonly30minutesandisnotverycostly.Bestofall,beingonaboatseemstomakepeoplemorefriendlytowardeachother.Therehasalreadybeenamarriageoftwocommuterswhometontheferry.Becausetheferryhasbeensosuccessful,thereareplanstouseotherstilllargerboats.Thereisalsoaproposalforahighspeedboatthatwillmakethetripinonly15minutes.Butnoteveryoneishappyaboutthat.Alotofpeoplefeelthathalfanhourisjustenoughtimetorelax.11.AccordingtothespeakerhowdocommutersfeelaboutcrossingtheGoldenGateBridgebycar?12.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutferrycommuters?13.Howdocommutersrespondtoplansforthefutureoftheferry?PassageTwoHowmanyteethhaveyouhadfilledinthepasttwoyears?IfyoufollowtheadviceofDr.Faustick,youmaybeabletoreducethenumberofyourvisitstoadentist.Dr.Faustickconductedatwo-yearsurveytofindouthowtopreventorreducedentaldecay.946studentstookpartinanexperiment.523studentscleanedtheirteethwithintenminutesofeating:whenpossibletheyusedatoothbrush,whenthiswasimpossibletheywashedtheirmouththoroughlywithwater.Theremaining423studentsmerelycleanedtheirteethwhentheywenttobedandwhentheygotupinthenmorning.AllthestudentshadtheirteethX-rayedattheendofthefirstandsecondyears.Attheendofthefirstyear,thenightandmorninggrouphadthreetimesasmanydecayedteethasthecleanaftereachmealgroup.Attheendofthesecondyearthelattergrouphad53percentfewerdecayedteeththantheformergroup.Dr.Faustickhascleanedhisteethaftermealforthirteenyearsandhasnothadasingledecayedtooth.Hepointedoutthatsugarisamajoragentindentaldecay.Particularlythesugarinsweets,cakes,andsoftdrinks.Ideallyyoushouldkeepatoothbrushinyourpocketanduseitimmediatelyafteryouhavefinishedeating.Whenthisisimpracticalyoucanatleastmakesurethatyouhaveadrinkofwaterandletthewaterthroughyourteethtoforceoutanyparticlesoffood.7outof10peoplelooseatleasthalfoftheirteethbythetimetheyarefifty.Manyhaveacompletesetoffalseteethbythattime.Inanycaseneithertoothachenoravisittoadentistisverypleasant.Soitisworthwhilemakinganefforttokeepyouownteethaslongaspossible.Themainpreventativeagentissimplywater.14.Accordingtothepassagewhatkindoffoodismostlikelytocausedentaldecay?15.WhatdoesthepassagetellusabouttheconditionofDr.Faustick’steeth?16.WhatdoesDr.Fausticksuggesttopreventdentaldecay?PassageThreeTheworldwideOrganizationoftheRedCrossstemsfromtheidealofHenriDunant,aSwissBanker.In1838,attheageoften,Dunantwastakenbyhisfathertovisitaprison,therehesawprisonerschainedtogetherexercisingintheyardandbreakingstonesalongtheroad.Thisexperienceleftadeepimpressiononhimandmadehimdeterminedtodosomethingforconvictsandslavesandforallwhowereoppressedanddeprivedoftheirliberty.On24thJune1859whileonhiswayfromGenevatoFrance,DunantwitnessedthebattlebetweentheFrenchandAustrianarmies.Itwasoneofthefiercestbattlesofthe19thcentury.Shockedbythelackofmedicalsuppliesandattentiongiventothewounded,Dunantdecidedthatavolunteerservicehadtobeorganized.Hegatheredtogetheranumberofwomenwhoattendedtothehundredsofwoundedsoldiersofallnationalitiesandhelpedthesurgeonsasbesttheycould.FromthatbattleDunantdeterminedtoformabodyofpeoplewhowouldrallytogetherintimesofwarandattendtotheneedsofwoundedanddying.Dunantheldthatasufferinghumanbeingshouldbehelpedforhisownsakeonlyandwithoutregardtorace,religion,orpoliticalbeliefs.ManyEuropeanstatessupportedhimandon22ndAugust1864thefirstGenevaConventionwassigned.Thislaysdownthatonceasoldieriswoundedheandeveryoneelsewhocomestohishelpceasestobeanenemy.Asymbolbywhichthereliefworkerscouldberecognizedwasdevised.AsatributetoSwitzerland,thesymbolwastheSwissflagreversed.Thatisaredcrossonawhiteground.SotheRedCrosswasborn.17.WhatfirstledHenriDunanttothinkofhelpingtheoppressed?18.WhatdidHenriDunantdoduringthebattlebetweentheFrenchandAustrianarmies?19.WhatwasHenriDunant’sbeliefwhenhefoundedtheRedCross?20.WhywasthesymboloftheRedCrossdesignedwitharedcrossonawhiteground?2004年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷B卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:nYouwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishby2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Dickhasbadtasteinclothes.B)ThecolorofDick’sjacketistoodark.C)Dick’strousersdon’tmatchhisjacket.D)Dicklooksfunnyinthatyellowjacket.2.A)Getthewalletfortheman.B)Callthepolicestation.C)Showthemanherfamilypictures.D)Asktoseetheman’sdriver’slicense.3.A)SheisafraidthenewepidemicSARSwillsoonspreadallovertown.B)Thetemperatureisnotashighasthemanclaims.C)Theroomwillgetcoolifthemanopensthewindows.D)Sheisfollowinginstructionsnottousetheair-conditioning.4.A)Shewasneverpersistentinanythingshedid.B)Shehadauniquewayofstayinghealthy.C)Shestoppedexercisingtwoyearsago.D)Shelostalotofweightintwoyears.5.A)Theapplicationarrivedaweekearlierthanexpected.B)Thejobhasbeengiventosomeoneelse.C)Themanisnotsuitablefortheposition,D)Shehadreceivedonlyoneapplicationletter.6.A)Hethinkshismothershouldgettheclothesback.B)Hewillgobeforethelaundryisclosed.C)He’sunwillingtofetchthelaundry.D)Hehasalreadypickedupthelaundry.7.A)Ataninternationaltradefair.B)Atanelectronicscompany.C)AtaDVDcounterinamusicstore.D)Atashoppingcenter.8.A)Thewomanregretsgoingtothemovie.B)Thewomanpreferslightmoviesbeforesleep.C)Thewomansawacomedyinsteadofahorrormovie.D)Thewomanhatedthemantalkingthroughoutthemovie.9.A)Heisamanwithprofessionalexpertise.B)Heisnotlikelytogetthejob.C)Heisnoteasytogetalongwith.D)Heisthefightmantogetthejobdone.n10.A)Itisaverygoodplacetorelax.B)Itshouldrevolutionizeitstechnology.C)Itshouldchangeitsconceptofoperation.D)Itisbeingforcedoutoftheentertainmentindustry.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicemarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)HewasthemostdistinguisheddiplomatinAmericanhistory.B)HesetupthefirstuniversityinAmerica.C)HewasoneoftheearliestsettlersinAmerica.D)HecanbestrepresentthespiritofearlyAmerica.12.A)HerepresentedWashingtoninnegotiationswithBritain.B)HeprovidedWashingtonwithalotofmoney.C)HepersuadedFrancetosupportWashington.D)HeservedasageneralinWashington’sarmy.13.A)AsoneofthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStates.B)AsoneofthegreatestAmericanscholars.C)AsoneofAmerica’smostingeniousinventors.D)Asoneofthemostfamousactivistsforhumanrights.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Becausewemightmeetmanysuccessfulexecutivesinthemediaindustry.B)Becausewemightbeofferedadishofinsects.C)Becausenothingbutfreshlycookedinsectsareserved.D)Becausesomeyuppiesliketohorrifyguestswithinsectsasfood.15.A)OntheInternet.B)Inthesupermarket.C)Intheseafoodmarket.D)Fromyuppieclubs.16.A)It’ssafetoeat.B)It’seasytoprepare.C)It’sexoticinappearance.D)It’stastyandhealthful.17.A)ItisunlikelytobeenjoyedbymostPeople.B)Itwillhavetobechangedtosuitlocaltastes.C)Itwillbecomethefirstcourseatdinnerparties.D)Itwillbeconsumedbymoreandmoreyoungpeople.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Theydon’thaveenoughservicewindows.B)Theirbusinesshoursarelimited.,,nC)Theirsafetymeasuresareinadequate.D)Theirbankingproceduresarecomplicated.19.A)Peoplewhohavecomputersathome.B)Youngpeoplewhoarefondofmoderntechnology.C)Youngpeoplewhoarewealthyandwell-educated.D)Peoplewhoareinthehabitofswitchingfromonebanktoanother.20.A)Toprovideservicesfordistantclients.B)Tocompeteforcustomers.C)Toreducethesizeoftheirstaff.D)Toexpandtheiroperationsatalowercost.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Theretire4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe,AnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosay‘abouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirprecollegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotal(名人轶事)reportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.Awritingprodigy(神童)studiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.21.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat________.A)theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossibleB)theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’abilityC)theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudentsD)theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds22.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith’steachers________.A)toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschoolB)toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildrennC)toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessfulD)toprovidesupportforhisargument23.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho________.A)couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfullyB)paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclassC)contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooftenD)behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers24.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess________.A)lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalentB)mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathomeC)bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coachingD)moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining25.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat________.A)theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachersB)schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethemC)theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftroubleD)teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparentsPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemisamess.Foreignnationalshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforgingpassports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackers(劫机者)werehereonexpiredvisas.That’sbeenasafebetuntilnow.TheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS)(移民归化局)lackstheresources,andapparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2millionforeignerswhohaveintentionallyoverstayedtheirwelcome.Butthislaxness(马虎)towardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congresshasalreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedinthewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requirestheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder.Butwhat’sreallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimedattighteningupbordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforarollbackofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohirehundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepillegalimmigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncethey’rehere.ReformersalsowanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholdersactuallyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.Alltheseproposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybillthatpassedtheHouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies:universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they’vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhavepassedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedtobereintroducedandtopassnextyear.Alsoontheagendafornextyear:aproposal,backedbysomeinfluentiallaw-makers,tosplittheINSintotwoagencies-agoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctionslikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrateonborderinspections,deportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonforthedivision,supporterssay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept,11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecurityntoprotectthemfromterroristattacks.26.Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof________.A)theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpointsB)thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeignersC)theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeopleD)thelowefficiencyoftheImmigrationandNaturalizationService27.WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.governmentagenciesto________.A)limitthenumberOfimmigrantstotheU.S.B)preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapersC)wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborderD)refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas28.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept.11,alienswithexpiredvisas________.A)mightstayonforaslongas[heywishedB)wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagentsC)wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportationD)mighthavethemextendedwithouttrouble29.ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS________.A)hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctionsB)hasignoredthepleasofthetwopowerfullobbiesC)hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurityD)hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminately30.BeforeSept.11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause________.A)educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurityB)resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcementC)itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmenD)theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplaborPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritime(航海的)history,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoes(鱼雷)firedfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I’llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlynowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalize(使…不得势)theneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’yenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.31.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?A)ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.B)Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.C)Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.D)Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.32.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen________.A)thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardonesideB)astrongicestormtiltedtheshipC)thecruiseshipsankallofasuddenD)thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats33.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans________.A)wereeagertowininternationalacceptanceB)hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutitC)wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighborsD)feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII34.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?A)Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.B)BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.C)Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.D)Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.35.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat________.A)theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeedsB)GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarIIC)theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedyD)it-iswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountriesPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames,phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had30daystocancel.nIfthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.They,didn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential.”ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.36.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy________.A)ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBIB)ismoreprevalentinbusinesscirclesC)hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRSD)ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping37.Weknowfromthepassagethat________.A)thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformationB)moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinessesC)legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotectionD)lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits38.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif________.A)youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumberB)youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiodC)youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadlineD)youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory39.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause________.A)itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylawB)ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublicC)itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulationD)itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy40.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A)bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusinessB)“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebannedC)privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforcedD)consumers’privacywillcontinuetobeinvadedPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),nC)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.FormanyyearstheJapanesehave________thecarmarket.A)operatedB)occupiedC)presidedD)dominated42.Thebankisofferinga________toanyonewhocangiveinformationabouttherobbery.A)prizeB)rewardC)bonusD)compliment43.Hisillnessfirst________itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.A)manifestedB)displayedC)expressedD)reflected44.Thesecontinual________intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.A)fluctuationsB)transformationsC)transitionsD)exchanges45.Beforewemove,weshould________someoftheoldfurniture,sothatwecanhavemoreroominthenewhouse.A)cancelB)concealC)discardD)dissipate46.Asweknow,computersareusedtostoreand________informationefficiently.A)reclaimB)reassureC)reconcileD)retrieve47.Itisa(n)________thattheFrencheatsomuchrichfoodandyethavearelativelylowrateofheartdisease.A)paradoxB)correlationC)analogyD)illusion48.Thepolicearetryingto________whatreallyhappened.A)assertB)avertC)ascertainD)ascribe49.The________theyfeltforeachotherwasobvioustoeveryonewhosawthem.A)adherencenB)affectionC)sensitivityD)sensibility50.Therelativesofthosekilledinthecrashgottogethertoseek________.A)compensationB)refundC)premiumD)repayment51.Hetriedtohidehispatchbysweepinghis________hairovertooneside.A)bleakB)barrenC)baldD)bare52.Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill________byimagesofdeathanddestruction.A)submergedB)dippedC)twistedD)haunted53.Inspiteofthe________,itseemedthatmanyoftheinvitedguestswouldstillshowup.A)comparisonB)controversyC)distinctionD)deviation54.Thegovernment________aheavytaxontobacco,whicharousedoppositionfromthetobaccoindustry.A)imposedB)compliedC)prescribedD)pronounced55.Thesubjectofsafetymustbeplacedatthetopofthe________.A)routineB)bulletinC)agendaD)timetable56.Theoldcouplenowstill________fortheirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.A)mournB)groanC)cherishD)immerse57.Thepost-WorldWarIIbabyresultedina43percentincreaseinthenumberofteenagers________inthe1960sand1970s.A)productionB)boostC)prosperityD)boom58.Highgradesaresupposedto________academicability,butJohn’sactualperformancedidnotconfirmthis.nA)clarifyB)classifyC)certifyD)notify59.YoucannotimaginehowIfeel________withmydutiessometimes.A)overthrownB)overwhelmedC)overflowedD)overturned60.Coffeeisthe________ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.A)eliteB)majorityC)spiceD)staple61.Althoughhewasonadiet,thedeliciousfood________himenormously.A)distractedB)stimulatedC)temptedD)inspired62.Whenconstructioncanbegindependsonhowsoonthe________oftherouteiscompleted.A)surveyB)identityC)orientationD)conviction63.Hesaidthatendingtheagreementwould________thefutureofsmallorfamily-runshops,leadtofewerbooksbeingpublishedandincreasepricesofallbutafewbestsellers.A)ventureB)jeopardizeC)legalizeD)expose64.Theboxer________andalmostfellwhenhisopponenthithim.A)scatteredB)shatteredC)staggeredD)stamped65.Atfirsteverythingwentwellwiththeprojectbutrecentlywehavehadanumberof________withthemachinery.A)disturbancesB)distortionsC)outputsD)setbacks66.Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe________tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.A)deemedB)anticipatednC)contemplatedD)acknowledged67.ItisgenerallyknownthatNewYorkisacityfor________andacenterforoddbitsofinformation.A)veteransB)eccentricsC)victimsD)pedestrians68.Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsis________intoice.A)compiledB)dispersedC)embodiedD)compacted69.Henrywentthroughthedocumentsagaincarefullyforfearof________anyimportantdata.A)relayingB)revealingC)overlookingD)deleting70.Elisabethdidnotenterthemuseumatonce,but________inthecourtyard.A)dwelledB)lingeredC)residedD)delayedPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Culturereferstothesocialheritageofapeople—thelearnedpatternsforthinking,feelingandactingthatcharacterizeapopulationorsociety,includetheexpressionofthesepattersin(S1)materialthings.Cultureiscomposeofnonmaterialculture—(S2)abstractcreationslikevalues,beliefs,customsandinstitutionalarrangements—andmaterialculture—physicalobjectlike(S3)cookingpots,computersandbathtubs.Insum,culturereflectsboththeideasweshareoreverythingwemake.Inordinary(S4)speech,apersonofcultureistheindividualcanspeakanother(S5)language—thepersonwhoisunfamiliarwiththearts,music,(S6)literature,philosophy,orhistory.Buttosociologists,tobehumanistobecultured,becauseofcultureisthecommonworld(S7)ofexperiencewesharewithothermembersofourgroup.Cultureisessentiallytoourhumanness.Itprovidesakind(S8)ofmapforrelatingtoothers.Considerhowyoufeelyourwayaboutsociallife.Howdoyouknowhowtoactinaclassroom,oradepartmentstore,ortowardapersonwhosmilesorlaugh(S9)atyou?Yourculturesuppliesyoubybroad,standardized,(S10)ready-madeanswersfordealingwitheachofthesesituations.Therefore,ifweknowaperson’sculture,wecanunderstandandevenpredictagooddealofhisbehavior.PartVWriting(30minutes)Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertotheeditorofanewspapercomplainingaboutthepoorserviceofabookstore.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheguidelinesgivenbelowinChinese.n设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：1.事情的起因2.与书店交涉的经过3.呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量2004年6月六级参考答案PartI1.C2.A3.D4.D5.B6.C7.A8.A9.B10.C11.D12.C13.A14.B15.A16.D17.A18.B19.C20.BPartII21.C22.D23.A24.B25.B26.D27.C28.A29.C30.D31.B32.A33.D34.D35.C36.B37.D38.B39.A40.DPartIII41.D42.B43.A44.A45.C46.D47.A48.C49.B50.A51.C52.D53.B54.A55.C56.A57.D58.C59.B60.D61.C62.A63.B64.C65.D66.A67.B68.D69.C70.BPartIV1.include→including2.compose→composed3.object→objects4.or→and5.individual后+who6.unfamiliar→familiar7.of去掉8.essentially→essential9.laugh→laughs10.by→withPartVWriting[参考范文]June19,2004nDearEditor,IamwritingthislettertoreflectsomeproblemsIcameacrossrecentlyand,appealtotheimprovementoftheserviceindustry.ThisweekendIboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinabookstorenearmyhomesinceitscoveriselaboratelydesigned.ButwhenIwenthomeandreadcarefully,Ifoundthattheseveralpagesofthedictionaryhavebeencrackedandbefouled.Whatisworse,themisprintsspreadeverywhereinthedictionaryandseriouslyaffectmycomprehension.Sincetherewassuchdamageandmisprinttothedictionary,Iwenttothebookstoretorequireforareplace.Buttomysurprise,thestaffofthebookstoreturndownmyrequestrudelyandevendeniedthepoorqualityofthedictionary.Itgoeswithoutsayingthattoday’sface-pacedandmarket-orientedeconomycallsformuchhigherstandardforserviceindustry.However,tomyregret,manyofthecommercialsfailtoachievethisstandardandthequalityofthestaffneedstobeimproved.It’sself-evidentthatthepoorqualityofpractitionersintheserviceindustrywillnotonlydeeplydisappointcustomersbutalsohamperthedevelopmentofourcountry’seconomy.Asaresult,Iexpectyournewspapertoappealtotheserviceindustrytoattachmoreimportancetotheserviceimprovement.Thankyouforyourattention!Sincerelyyours,Sam2004年6月六级听力原文1.W:Oh,Dick.Youarewearingablackjacketbutyellowtrousers.It’sthestrangestcombinationI’veeverseen.M:Iknow.Igotuplateanddressedinahurry.Ididn’trealizemymistakeuntilIenteredtheoffice.Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthewayDickdressed?2.M:Excuseme.Buthasanyoneturnedinabrownleatherwallet?I’velostmywallet.Itcontainsmydriver’slicenseandalsosomefamilypicturesthatareprettyimportanttome.W:Oh,yes.Wehadawalletbroughtinthismorning.Waitherejustaminute,please.Q:Whatwouldthewomanprobablydo?3.M:Excuseme,Madam.Istheair-conditioningon?Thisroomisashotasafurnace.W:Sorry,sir.AnewepidemiccalledSARSisthreateningusrightnow.Asapreventativemeasure,wearetoldtoletinfreshairbyopeningthewindowsandnottousetheairconditioners.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?4.M:Youlookquitedifferentfromwhatyouusedto.W:Sure.Istartedexercisingregularlytwoyearsagoandwentfrom253poundstoahealthy160poundsandthatistheonlythingIdidnotgiveuphalfway.Q:Whatdoweknowaboutwoman?5.M:Iwonderifyoufindmyexperiencerelevanttothejob.W:Yes,certainly.Butifonlyyouhadsentyourapplicationletteraweekearlier.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?6.W:Shouldn’tsomeonegopickuptheclothesformthelaundry?Theywerereadythreehoursago.M:Don’tlookatme,mom.Q:Whatdoestheboymean?7.M:Er...Hi,couldyoutellmewhereelectronicproductsaredisplayed?IwanttoseesomeTVs,digitalvideocameras,DVDplayers,thatsortofthing.W:Well.Severalcountriesaredisplayingelectronicproducts.China’sselectionisverylargethisyear.YoumightaswellgototheeastwingfirsttotakealookataChinesebooth.nQ:Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace?8.M:Well,whatdidyouthinkofthemovie?W:Idon’tknowwhyIletyoutalkmeintogoing.Ijustdon’tlikeviolence.Nexttimeyou’dbetterchooseacomedy.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?9.W:Whodoyouthinkshouldgetthejob?HowaboutMr.Becket?M:Mr.Becket?I’mnotsure.Heisanicefellow,ofcourse,andeasytogetalongwith.ButIdoubthisprofessionalexpertise.Iwantsomeonewhocangetthejobdone.Q:WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMr.Becket?10.M:Doyouthinkhomevideoplayerswillreplacemovietheatresandforcethemoutoftheentertainmentbusiness?W:We’recertainlyfacedwiththegravechallengefromtheDVDindustry.That’swhyIthinkwehavetorevolutionizeourconceptofmovieshowing.AsIseeit,themovietheatreshouldnotjustbeaplacetowatchafilm,butaplacetomeetpeople.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovietheatre?PassageOneFewpeoplecanstandforthespiritofearlierAmericaasmuchasBenjaminFranklin.Helivedthroughalmostthewholeofthe18thcentury.Hewasbornsixyearsafterthecenturybegan,anddiedtenyearsbeforeitended.Duringthistime,hesawtheAmericancoloniesgrowfromtinysettlementsintoanationandhealsocontributedmuchtothenewstate.Hewasdeeplyinterestedinscienceandnaturalhistoryandhisexperimentswithelectricityandlightningleddirectlytotheinventionofthelightningrod.Hewasalsointerestedinimprovingtheconditionsofhisfellowmen.HewasinvolvedinanumberofprojectsinhisnativePhiladelphia,includingthesettingupofalibrary,andauniversity,aphilosophicalsocietyandfire-preventionservice.HeworkedhardtoenabletheAmericancoloniestogainindependencefromBritain.AsambassadortoFrance,heencouragedtheFrenchtohelpGeorgeWashington.Afterthewar,heattendedtheAmericanConstitutionalCongress.Thiswashislastcontribution,forhediedlatethatyear.HeisstillfondlyrememberedbyAmericansasoneofthecreatorsoftheUnitedStates.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhatdidthespeakersayaboutBenjaminFranklin?12.HowdidFranklinhelpGeorgeWashington?13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisFranklinstillwellrememberedas?PassageTwoYuppiesareyoungpeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyandliveinastylethatistooexpensiveformostpeople.Ifyou’reinvitedtoayuppiedinnerparty,don’tbesurprisedifyou’reofferedfreshly-cookedinsectsasafirstcourse.Whiletheideaofeatingfriedinsectsfillsmostofuswithhorror,insect-eatingisbecominghighlyfashionable.Forexample,inthemediaindustry,successfulexecutivesareoftenseentoeatfriedorboiledinsectsfromtimetotimewhileworkingattheirdesks.Thesesafe-to-eatinsectscanbefoundandorderedontheInternet.Andyoungpeopleareloggingontoexoticfoodwebsitesandorderingsamplesofpreparedinsectstoserveattheirdinnerparties.Althoughtheideaofeatinginsectsisprobablydisgustingtomostofus,fewpeoplewouldclaimthatpigs,chickens,andsomekindofseafoodweofteneatareexamplesofgreatbeauty.Oneday,insectscouldbemarketedandsoldasfooditeminsupermarket.Accordingtotheirfans,theyarenotonlyhighinproteinandlowinfat,butalsoverytasty.Butuntilourattitudestofoodchangefundamentally,itseemsthatinsect-eaterswillremainaselectfew.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.Whydidthespeakersaywemightbesurprisedattheyuppiedinnerparty?15.Wherecanthepeopleordertheunusualfoodmentionedbythespeaker?16.Whyaresomeyuppiesattractedbytheunusualfood?17.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefutureofthistypeofunusualfood?nPassageThreeManypeopledislikewalkingtothebank,standinginlonglinesandrunningoutofchecks.Theyaredissatisfiedwiththatbank’slimitedhours,too.Theywanttodosomebankingatnightsandonweekends.Forsuchpeople,theirproblemsmaysoonbeover.Beforelong,theymaybeabletodotheirbankingfromthecomfortoftheirownhome,anyhouroftheday,anydayoftheweek.ManybanksarepreparingonlinebranchesorInternetoffices,whichmeansthatpeoplewillbeabletotakecareofmuchoftheirbankingbusinessthroughtheirhomecomputers.Thisprocessiscalled“interactivebanking”.Attheseonlinebranches,customerswillbeabletoviewalltheiraccounts,movemoneybetweentheiraccounts,applyforaloanandgetcurrentinformationonproductsuchascreditcards.Customerswillalsobeabletopaytheirbillselectricallyandevenemailquestionstotheirbank.Banksarecreatingonlineservicesforseveralreasons.Onereasonisthatbanksmustcompeteforcustomerswhowillswitchtoanotherbankiftheyaredissatisfiedwiththeservicetheyreceive.Theconvenienceofonlinebankingappealstothekindofcustomerbanksmostwanttokeep.Thatis,peoplewhoareyoung,well-educatedandhavegoodincomes.Banksalsowanttotakeadvantageofmoderntechnologysincetheyhavemovedto21stcentury.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.Whatisoneofthereasonsforpeople’sdissatisfactionwithtraditionalbanks?19.Whatkindofcustomersdoesonlinebankingmostappealto?20.Whydobankscreateonlineservicesaccordingtothepassage?2005年1月8日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(B卷)PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.AttheendofeachConversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishby2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Furnishedapartmentswillcostmore.B)Theapartmentcanbefurnishedeasily.C)Shecanprovidethemanwiththeapartmentheneeds.D)Theapartmentisjustwhatthemanislookingfor.2.A)HequiteagreeswithMr.Johnson’sviews.B)Mr.Johnson’sideasarenonsense.C)Mr.Johnsonisgoodatexpressinghisideas.D)Hesharesthewoman’sviewsonsocialwelfare.n3.A)Avoiddistractionswhilestudyinginherdorm.B)Improvehergradesgradually.C)Changetheconditionsofherdorm.D)Studyinaquietplace.4.A)Itwillbeheldinadifferentplace,B)Ithasbeenputoff.C)Ithasbeencancelled.D)Itwillberescheduledtoattractmoreparticipants.5.A)Janetisverymuchinterestedinarchitecture.B)JanetadmirestheSydneyOperaHouseverymuch.C)Janetthinksit’sashameforanyonenottovisitAustralia.D)JanetlovesthebeautifullandscapeofAustraliaverymuch.6.A)Itfallsshortofhersupervisor’sexpectations.B)Ithasdrawncriticismfromlotsofpeople.C)Itcanbefinishedinafewweeks’time.D)Itisbasedonalotofresearch.7.A)Karenissuretopasstheinterview.B)HeknowsKarenbetternow.C)Karenisveryforgetful.D)ThewomanshouldhaveremindedKarenearlier.8.A)Skiptheclasstopreparefortheexam.B)Telltheprofessorshe’slosthervoice.C)Attendthelecturewiththeman.D)AskJoetoapologizetotheprofessorforher.9.A)Thewomanisworkinginakindergarten.B)Themanwillgoinforbusinessfightafterhighschool.C)Thewomanisnothappywiththeman’sdecision.D)Themanwantstobeabusinessmanager.10.A)Theyarebusyalltheyearround.B)Theystaycloseduntilsummercomes.C)Theycaterchieflytotourists.D)Theyprovidequalityservicetotheircustomers.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Bossandsecretary.B)PRrepresentativeandclient.C)Classmates.D)Colleagues.12.A)Hethoughtthebosswasunfairtohim.B)Hisclientscomplainedabouthisservice.nC)HefelthisassignmentwastougherthanSue’s.D)Hisbosswasalwaysfindingfaultwithhiswork.13.A)Shecomplainsaboutherbadluck.B)Shealwaysacceptsthemcheerfully.C)Sheisunwillingtoundertakethem.D)Shetakesthemon,thoughreluctantly.14.A)Johnhadtoquithisjob.B)BothJohnandSuegotaraise.C)Suefailedtocompleteherproject.D)Suegotpromoted.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Bydisplayingtheirfeelingsandemotions.B)Byexchangingtheirviewsonpublicaffairs.C)Byaskingeachothersomepersonalquestions.D)Bygreetingeachotherverypolitely.16.A)Yellloudly.B)Arguefiercely.C)Expresshisopinionfrankly.D)Refrainfromshowinghisfeelings.17.A)Doingcredittoone’scommunity.B)Distinguishingoneself.C)Gettingrichquickly.D)Respectingindividualrights.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Whentestsshowthattheyarerelativelysafe.B)Iftheydon’tinvolveanyrisks.C)Whentheurgentneedforthemarises.D)Iftheyproducepredictablesideeffects.19.A)Becausetheyarelesssensitivetoitthanthosewhohavebeentestedforit.B)Becausetheyarenotaccustomedtoit.C)Becausetheirgenesdifferfromthosewhohavebeentestedforit.D)Becausetheyarenotpsychologicallypreparedforit.20.A)Theywillbecomephysicallyimpaired.B)Theywillsufferfromminordiscomfort.C)Theywillhavetotakeeverlargerdoses.D)Theywillexperienceaverypainfulprocess.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Throughoutthenation’smorethan15,000schooldistricts,widelydifferingapproachestoteachingscienceandmathnhaveemerged.Thoughtherecanbestrengthindiversity,anewinternationalanalysissuggeststhatthisvariabilityhasinsteadcontributedtolackluster(平淡的)achievementscoresbyU.S.childrenrelativetotheirpeersinotherdevelopedcountries.Indeed,concludesWilliamH.SchmidtofMichiganStateUniversity,wholedthenewanalysis,“nosingleintellectuallycoherentvisiondominatesU.S.educationalpracticeinmathorscience.”Thereason,hesaid,“isbecausethesystemisdeeplyandfundamentallyflawed.”Thenewanalysis,releasedthisweekbytheNationalScienceFoundationinArlington,Va.,isbasedondatacollectedfromabout50nationsaspartoftheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy.NotonlydoapproachestoteachingscienceandmathvaryamongindividualU.S.communities,thereportfinds,butthereappearstobelittlestrategicfocuswithinaschooldistrict’scurricula,itstextbooks,oritsteachers’activities.Thiscontrastssharplywiththecoordinatednationalprogramsofmostothercountries.Onaverage,U.S.studentsstudymoretopicswithinscienceandmaththantheirinternationalcounterpartsdo.Thiscreatesaneducationalenvironmentthat“isamilewideandaninchdeep,”Schmidtnotes.Forinstance,eighthgradersintheUnitedStatescoverabout33topicsinmathversusjust19inJapan.Amongsciencecourses,theinternationalgapisevenwider.U.S.curriculaforthisagelevelresemblethoseofasmallgroupofcountriesincludingAustralia,Thailand,Iceland,andBulgaria.SchmidtaskswhethertheUnitedStateswantstobeclassedwiththesenations,whoseeducationalsystems“shareourpatternofsplintered(支离破碎的)visions”butwhicharenoteconomicleaders.Thenewreport“couldn’tcomeatabettertime,”saysGeraldWheeler,executivedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociationinArlington.“ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsprovidethatfocusedvision,”includingthecall“todoless,butingreaterdepth.”Implementingthenewsciencestandardsandtheirmathcounterpartswillbethechallenge,heandSchmidtagree,becausethedecentralizedresponsibilityforeducationintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatanyreformsbetailoredandinstitutedonecommunityatatime.Infact,Schmidtargues,reformssuchastheseproposednationalstandards“faceanalmostimpossibletask,becauseeventhoughtheyareintellectuallycoherent,eachbecomesonlyonemorevoiceinthebabble(嘈杂声).”21.Accordingtothepassage,theteachingofscienceandmathinAmericais________.A)losingitsvitalitygraduallyB)characterizedbyitsdiversityC)goingdownhillinrecentyearsD)focusedontappingstudents’potential22.ThefundamentalflawofAmericanschooleducationisthat________.A)itattachestoomuchimportancetointensivestudyofschoolsubjectsB)itreliesheavilyontheinitiativeofindividualteachersC)itsetsaverylowacademicstandardforstudentsD)itlacksacoordinatednationalprogram23.BysayingthattheU.S.educationalenvironmentis“amilewideandaninchdeep”(Line2,Para.5),theauthormeansU.S.educationalpractice________.A)scratchesthesurfaceofawiderangeoftopicsB)laysstressonqualityattheexpenseofquantityC)encourageslearningbothindepthandinscopeD)offersanenvironmentforcomprehensiveeducation24.ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsaregoodnewsinthattheywill________.A)solvemostoftheproblemsinschoolteachingB)providedepthtoschoolscienceeducationnC)quicklydominateU.S.educationalpracticeD)beabletomeetthedemandsofthecommunity25.Puttingthenewscienceandmathstandardsintopracticewillprovedifficultbecause________.A)manyschoolteacherschallengetheacceptabilityofthesestandardsB)thereisalwayscontroversyineducationalcirclesC)notenougheducatorshaverealizedthenecessityfordoingsoD)schooldistrictsareresponsibleformakingtheirowndecisionsPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfortwoelderlywomeninmycommunity.Bothhaddied“fullofyears,”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolence(吊唁)callsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceased(已故的)womansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievethattheoppositecourse-keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperation—wouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldithaveturnedoutanyworse?Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilt.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsofthisfeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence(万能).Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.26.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywomen?A)Theylivedoutanaturallife.B)Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.C)Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.D)Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.27.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause________.A)hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceasedB)hewantedtoconsolethetwofamiliesC)hewaspriestofthelocalchurchD)hewasanofficialfromthecommunity28.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause________.A)theybelievethattheywereresponsiblenB)theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofeventsC)theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgriefD)theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection29.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para,4)probablymeansthat________.A)wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworldB)everythingintheworldispredeterminedC)there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworldD)theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways30.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat________.A)everystoryshouldhaveahappyendingB)theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappensC)lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmysteryD)everybodyisattheircommandPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissythisspring—orperhapsnotforanother5years.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog’seggs,theA&Mteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryos(胚胎)carryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogate(代孕的)mother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetuses(胎)maybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,”hesays.Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses.“Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyifthepriceisright,”saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy’smysteriousbillionaireowner;he’sputup$3.7millionsofartofundA&M’sresearch.Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedandsupersmart.Missy’smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy’sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy.”Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevs,nurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems~“Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?”31.By“stupidendeavor”(Line2,Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat________.A)humancloningisafoolishundertakingB)animalcloningisabsolutelyimpracticalC)humancloningshouldbedoneselectivelyD)animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatalln32.WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?A)Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.B)Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.C)Itisprogressingsmoothly.D)Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.33.BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto________.A)examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspeciesB)findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclonesC)searchforwaystomodify.itstemperamentD)studythepossibilityofcloninghumans34.Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave________.A)anabnormalshapeB)abadtemperC)defectiveorgansD)immunedeficiency35.Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques________.A)provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs,nurtureB)havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspeciesC)haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumansD)stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturityPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.FrustratedwithdelaysinSacramento,BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.ASanJosecouncilwomanandaSanFranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheAssembly.TheyareamongagrowingnumberofCaliforniacitiesandcountiesthathaveexpressedthesameintention.Environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.Anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedinCaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computersbecomeoutdatedeveryday.Themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills(垃圾填埋场).LegislationbySenatorByronSherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathode(阴极)raytube.Usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisions,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.Thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.AseparatebillbyLosAngeles-areaSenatorGloriaRomerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.Ifpassed,themeasureswouldputCaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.“Whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.Mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthetrash,”saidRoxanneGould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.Computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.Recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustnsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtounscrupulous(毫无顾忌的)junkdealerswhosendthetoxicpartsoverseas.“Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina,”saidTedSmith,directoroftheSiliconValleyToxicsCoalition.HisgroupispushingforanamendmenttoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.36.WhatstepwereBayAreaofficialsgoingtotakeregardinge-wastedisposal?A)Rallysupporttopassthestalledbills.B)LobbythelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.C)Laydownrelevantlocalregulationsthemselves.D)Exertpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.37.ThetwobillsstalledintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern________.A)thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestateB)regulationsondumpinghazardoussubstancesintolandfillsC)thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreuseelectronictrashD)thesaleofusedelectronicdevicestoforeigncountries38.Consumersarenotsupposedtothrowusedcomputersinthetrashbecause________.A)thisisbannedbytheCaliforniagovernmentB)somepartsmayberecycledforuseelsewhereC)unscrupulousdealerswillretrievethemforprofitD)theycontainlargeamountsofharmfulsubstances39.High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra$30ischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill________.A)hesitatetoupgradetheircomputersB)abandononlineshoppingC)buythemfromotherstatesD)stronglyprotestagainstsuchacharge40.WelearnfromthepassagethatmuchofCalifornia’selectronicwastehasbeen________.A)dumpedintolocallandfillsB)exportedtoforeigncountriesC)collectedbynon-profitagenciesD)recycledbycomputermanufacturersPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Shegave________directionsaboutthewaytherugshouldbecleaned.A)briskB)opaqueC)explicitD)transient42.Hehadanalmostirresistible________totalktothecrowdwhenheenteredHydePark.A)surgeB)impulseC)stimulationD)instinctn43.Sheexpressedherstrongdeterminationthatnothingcould________hertogiveuphercareerasateacher.A)reduceB)deduceC)attractD)induce44.Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan________thesoundfromtheradio.A)enlargeB)amplifyC)reinforceD)intensify45.A________officialisonewhoisirresponsibleinhiswork.A)slackB)tediousC)timidD)suspicious46.Onewitness________thathe’dseenthesuspectrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.A)convictedB)retortedC)testifiedD)conformed47.Manyecologistsbelievethatlotsofmajorspeciesintheworldareonthe________ofextinction.A)fringeB)marginC)borderD)verge48.Anumberofstudents________inflats,andothersliveinthenearbyholidayresorts,wherethereisareasonablesupplyofcompetitivelypricedaccommodation.A)resideB)reviveC)gatherD)inhabit49.Thedoctors________thenewlyapproveddrugintothepatientwhenhewascriticallyill.A)projectedB)injectedC)ejectedD)subjected50.Mygrandfather,aretiredworker,often________thepastwithafeelingoflongingandrespect.A)contrivesB)considersC)contactsD)contemplates51.Thisisalong________—roughly13milesdownabeautifulvalleytothelittlechurchbelow.A)terrainB)tumbleC)descentnD)degeneration52.Themicroscopeandtelescope,withtheircapacitytoenlarge,isolateandprobe,demonstratehowdetailscanbe________andseparatedfromthewhole.A)magnifiedB)radiatedC)prolongedD)extended53.Theycouldn’tseea________ofhopethattheywouldbesavedbyapassingship.A)sliceB)spanC)gleamD)grain54.Anysalespersonwhosellsmorethantheweekly________willreceiveabonus.A)portionB)quotaC)ratioD)allocation55.________effortsareneededinordertofinishimportantbutunpleasanttasks.A)PerpetualB)PersistentC)ConsecutiveD)Condensed56.Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimthatorganisms________withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.A)degradeB)defaultC)depressD)deteriorate57.Ittookalotofimaginationtocomeupwithsucha(n)________plan.A)ingeniousB)vigorousC)inherentD)exotic58.Manymanufacturerswereaccusedofconcentratingtooheavilyoncostreduction,oftenatthe________ofthequalityoftheirproducts.A)expansionB)expectationC)expenseD)exposure59.Hecouldnot________ignoranceashisexcuse;heshouldhaveknownwhatwashappeninginhisdepartment.A)pleadB)resortC)petitionD)reproach60.NothingHelensaysisever________.Shealwaysthinkscarefullybeforeshespeaks.A)simultaneousnB)spontaneousC)rigorousD)homogenous61.Medicalstudentsareadvisedthatthewearingofawhitecoat________theacceptanceofaprofessionalcodeofconductexpectedofthemedicalprofession.A)simulatesB)supplementsC)swearsD)signifies62.Heboughthishouseonthe________plan,payingacertainamountofmoneyeachmonth.A)premiumB)installmentC)divisionD)fluctuation63.Shewasdeeply________bytheamountofcriticismherplayreceived.A)frustratedB)deportedC)involvedD)deprived64.Mostmathematicianstrusttheir________insolvingproblemsandreadilyadmittheywouldnotbeabletofunctionwithoutit.A)conceptionB)perceptionC)cognitionD)intuition65.Hestill________thememoryofhiscarefreechildhoodspentinthatsmallwoodenhouseofhisgrandparents’.A)scansB)fanciesC)cherishesD)nourishes66.Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen________withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.A)integratedB)embeddedC)embracedD)synthesized67.Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto________featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.A)activateB)highlightC)upgradeD)underline61.Apartfromphilosophicalandlegalreasonsforrespectingpatients’wishes,thereareseveralpracticalreasonswhydoctorsshould________toinvolvepatientsintheirownmedicalcaredecisions.A)enforcenB)enhanceC)endeavorD)endow69.Encouragedbytheirculturetovoicetheiropinionsfreely,theCanadiansarenotafraidtogoagainstthegroup________,andwillarguetheirviewpointsenthusiastically,thoughrarelyaggressively.A)conscienceB)consensusC)consentD)consciousness70.Thetraditionalmarketsretaintheir________forthemanyChinesewhostillpreferfreshfoodlikelivefish,ducks,chickensoverpackagedorfrozengoods.A)imageB)pledgeC)survivalD)appealPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysitsten-yearcampaigntoremoveleprosy(麻风病)asaworldhealthproblemhasbeensuccessful.DoctorBrundtland,headoftheWHO,saysanumberofleprosycasesaroundtheworldhas(S1)beencutofninetypercentduringthepasttenyears.Shesays(S2)effortsarecontinuingtocompleteendthedisease.(S3)Leprosyiscausedbybacteriaspreadthroughliquidfromthenoseandmouth.Thediseasemainlyeffectstheskinand(S4)nerves.However,ifleprosyisnottreateditcancausepermanentdamagefortheskin,nerves,eyes,armsorlegs.(S5)In1999,aninternationalcampaignbegantoendleprosy.TheWHO,governmentsofcountriesmostaffectedbythedisease,andseveralothergroupsarepartofthecampaign.Thisallianceguaranteesthatallleprosypatients,eventhey(S6)arepoor,havearighttothemostmoderntreatment.DoctorBrundtlandsaysleprosyisnolongeradiseasethatrequireslife-longtreatmentsbymedicalexperts.Instead,patientscantakethatiscalledamulti-drugtherapy.This(S7)moderntreatmentwillcureleprosyin6to12months,dependontheformofthedisease.Thetreatmentcombines(S8)severaldrugstakendailyoronceamonth.TheWHOhasgivenmulti-drugtherapytopatientsfreelyforthelastfive(S9)years.Themembersoftheallianceagainstleprosyplantotargetthecountrieswhichstillthreatenedbyleprosy.Among(S10)theestimated600,000victimsaroundtheworld,theWHObelievesabout70%areinIndia.ThediseasealsoremainsaprobleminAfricaandSouthAmerica.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanopenletteronbehalfofthestudentunionaskingpeopletogivehelptoastudentwhoisseriouslyill.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:n1.对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况2.目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理3.希望捐助，联系方式YourHelpNeeded2005年1月8日六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.D10.C11.C12.A13.B14.D15.C16.D17.B18.A19.D20.CPartIIReadingComprehension21.B22.D23.A24.B25.D26.A27.C28.A29.C30.B31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D36.C37.A38.D39.C40.BPartIIIVocabulary41.C42.B43.D44.B45.A46.C47.D48.A49.B50.D51.C52.A53.C54.B55.B56.A57.A58.C59.A60.B61.D62.B63.A64.D65.C66.A67.B68.C69.B70.DPartIVErrorCorrectionS1.a→theS2.of→byS3.complete→completelyS4.effects→affectsS5.for→toS6.even→evenif/eventhoughS7.that→whatS8.depend→dependingS9.freely→freeS10.which→whichare2005年1月8日六级听力原文1.M:I’mlookingforanunfurnishedtwo-bedroomapartment,butallyourapartmentsarefurnished.nW:Wecantakecareofthat.Wecansimplyremovethefurniture.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.W:Idon’tagreewithMr.Johnsononhisviewsaboutsocialwelfare.Heseemstosuggestthatthepoorarerobbingtherich.M:Hemighthaveusedbetterwordstoexpresshisideas.ButI’vefoundwhathesaidmakesalotofsense.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.W:I’vebeenstudyingallthetime,butIstillcan’tseeanyimprovementinmygrades.M:Maybeinsteadofstudyinginyourdorm,you’dbettergosomeplacewheretherearefewerdistractions.Q:Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?4.W:Theseminaroriginallyscheduledfortodayhasbeencancelled.ThehoursI’vespentpreparingforitaretotallywasted.M:Notreally.AsfarasIknowit’sbeenpostponedtillnextweek.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheseminar?5.M:Hi,Janet,Ihearyou’vejustreturnedfromatourofAustralia.DidyougetachancetovisittheSydneyOperaHouse?W:OfcourseIdid.ItwouldbeashameforanyonevisitingAustralianottoseethisuniquecreationinarchitecture.Itsmagnificentbeautyissimplybeyonddescription.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?6.M:Sherry,howareyoudoingwithyourthesis?W:Ohmythesis.That’ssomethingIdefinitelydon’twanttotalkaboutrightnow.Ifinishedmyfirstdraftsometimeago.ButmysupervisorsaidIshoulddomoreresearchifIwanttoachievethequalitythatheexpectsofme.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutthewoman’sthesis?7.W:Ican’tbelieveKarenislateforsuchanimportanceoccasionasajobinterview.Iremindedhertimeandagainyesterday.M:Youshouldhaveknownherbetterbynow.Everythingyoutellhergoesinoneearandouttheother.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.W:Hi,Joe,IwonderifyoucoulddomeafavorandtelltheprofessorI’velostmyvoice.SoIcan’tattendthismorning’sclass.Ineedtimetostudyfortomorrow’sexam.M:Idon’tthinkit’swisetosayso.Sinceyou’renotgoingtogivethelecture,youmightaswellsimplyskiptheclassandapologizetotheprofessorlater.Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?9.M:Afterhighschool,I’dliketogotocollegeandmajorinbusinessadministration.Ireallylikepowerandenjoytellingpeoplewhattodo.W:You’reveryambitious.ButI’dratherspendmycollegedaysfindingoutwhatchildrenareinterestedin.Child’spsychologyisforme.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?10.M:Itseemstherestaurantsherehavelittlebusinessthesedays.W:That’strue.Butoursisascenicresort.Andthisisnotthebusyseason.Whensummercomes,you’llseearmiesoftouristswaitinginlineinordertogetaseat.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationabouttherestaurantsinthetown?PassageOneBothJohnandSuejoinedthestaffofasuccessfulpublicrelationsfirminNewYorkduringthesameyear.TheyhadjustcompletedtheirPRdegreesatanearbyuniversityandwerethrilledtobehiredbyoneofthefinestPRfirmsinthecity.John’sfirstassignmentwastocreateapromotioncampaignforaclientwhowasputtinganewgameonthemarket.InitiallySuewasassignedtoworkwithasportswearcompanyonamarketingconceptforitsnewestlineofnclothing.Astimepassedandworkwiththeirrespectivefirstclientsbecamemoreandmoredifficult,JohnandSuerealizedthattheyhadbeenassignedtwoofthetoughestclientsintown.AlthoughJohncompletedhisassignmentsquicklyandsuccessfully,hewasfuriouswhenhelearnedthatthebosshaddeliberatelyassignedhimadifficultclient.Inresponsehenotonlycomplainedtohiscolleaguesbutalsototheboss’ssecretary.Sue,ontheotherhand,hadamoredifficulttimesatisfyingherfirstclientandshetookseveraladditionalmonthstoactuallycompletetheassignment.However,shejustlaughedwhensheheardthatthebosshadmadetheassignmentpurposely.Overthenexttwoyears,Johnworkedreluctantlywitheachassignmentandproblemthatheencountered.Sueacceptedeachassignmentcheerfully.Andwhenproblemsarose,sherespondedwithhercharacteristic“Noproblem,Icanhandleit.”AlthoughSuetooklongertocompleteherprojectsthanJohnandbothwereequallysuccessfulontheassignmentstheycompleted,Suewasgiventhefirstpromotionwhentherecameavacancy.Questions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.What’stherelationshipbetweenJohnandSuenow?12.WhywasJohnfuriousafterhefinishedhisfirstassignment?13.What’sSue’sattitudetodifficulttasks?14.Howdoesthestoryend?PassageTwoAmericanvisitorstoEasternAsiaareoftensurprisedandpuzzledbyhowAsianculturesandcustomsdifferfromthoseintheUnitedStates.What’sconsideredtypicalorpropersocialconductinonecountrymayberegardasodd,improperorevenrudeintheother.Forexample,peoplefromsomeEasternAsiancountriesmaybeginaconversationwithastrangerbyaskingpersonalquestionsaboutfamily,homeorwork.Suchquestionsarethoughttobefriendly,whereastheymightbeconsideredoffensiveintheUnitedStates.Ontheotherhand,peopleinmostAsianculturesarefarmoreguardedaboutexpressingtheirfeelingspubliclythanmostAmericansare.Openlydisplayingannoyanceoranger,yelling,arguingloudlyandsoforthisconsideredill-manneredincountriessuchasJapan.ManyEasternAsiansprefertoholdtheiremotionsincheckandinsteadexpressthemselveswithgreatpoliteness.Theytrynottobebluntandavoidmakingdirectcriticisms.Infact,theyoftenkeeptheirdifferencesofopiniontothemselvesandmerelysmileandremainsilentratherthanengageinaconfrontation.Bycomparison,Americansareoftenfrankaboutdisplayingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsonthestreetandinotherpublicplaces.AmericansvisitingAsiashouldkeepinmindthatsuchbehaviormaycauseoffense.AmajordifferencebetweenAmericanscultureandmostEasternAsianculturesisthatinEasternAsia,thecommunityismoreimportantthantheindividual.MostAmericansareconsideredasuccesswhentheymakeanameforthemselves.Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.HowwouldsomeAsiansstarttheirconversationwhentheymeetforthefirsttime?16.WhatwouldaJapanesedowhenhefeelsannoyed?17.WhatisencouragedinAmericancultureaccordingtothepassage?PassageThreeInorderforachemicaltobeconsideredadrug,itmusthavethecapacitytoaffecthowthebodyworks.Nosubstancethathasthepowertodothisiscompletelysafe.Drugsareapprovedonlyaftertestshavedemonstratedthattheyarerelativelysafewhenusedasdirectedandwhentheirbenefitsoutweightheirrisks.Thussomeverydangerousdrugsareapprovedbecausetheyarenecessarytotreatseriousillnesses.Manypeoplesufferilleffectsfromdrugscalledsideeffects,eventhoughtheytakethedrugexactlyasdirected.Thehumanpopulationcontainsagreatvarietyofgeneticvariation,butdrugsaretestedonjustafewthousandpeople.Whenaparticulardrugistakenbymillions,somepeoplemaynotrespondinapredictableway,eventhoughthedrughasbeentested.Apatientmayalsoacquireatoleranceforacertaindrug,whichmeansthepatienthastotakeeverlargerdosestoproducethedesiredeffect.Tolerancemayleadtohabituation,inwhichthepersonbecomessodependentonthedrugthatheorshebecomesaddictedtoit.Additioncausesseverepsychologicalandphysicaldisturbanceswhenthedrugistakenaway.Finally,drugsoftenhavenunwantedsideeffects.Thisusuallycausesonlyminordiscomfort,suchasaskinrash,headacheorsleepiness.Certaindrugs,however,canproduceseriousadversereactions.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.Underwhatcircumstancesaredrugsapproved?19.Whydomanypeoplesuffersideeffectsfromadrugeventhoughtheytakeitasdirected?20.Whatwillhappenwhenpatientsacquireatoleranceforacertaindrug?2005年6月18日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishby2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Itwillreducegovernmentrevenues.B)Itwillstimulatebusinessactivities.C)Itwillmainlybenefitthewealthy.D)Itwillcutthestockholders’dividends.2.A)Shewilldoherbestifthejobisworthdoing.B)Sheprefersalifeofcontinuedexploration.C)Shewillsticktothejobifthepayisgood.D)Shedoesn’tthinkmuchofjob-hopping.3.A)Stopthinkingaboutthematter.B)Talkthedruguseroutofthehabit.C)Bemorefriendlytohisschoolmate.D)Keephisdistancefromdrugaddicts.4.A)Theson.B)Thefather.C)Themother.D)AuntLouise.5.A)Stayawayforacoupleofweeks.B)Checkthelockseverytwoweeks.C)LookaftertheJohnsons’house.nD)Movetoanotherplace.6.A)Hewouldliketowarmupforthegame.B)Hedidn’twanttobeheldupintraffic.C)Hedidn’twanttomissthegame.D)Hewantedtocatchasmanygamebirdsaspossible.7.A)Itwasburneddown.B)Itwasrobbed.C)Itwasblownup.D)Itwascloseddown.8.A)Sheisn’tgoingtochangehermajor.B)Sheplanstomajorintaxlaw.C)Shestudiesinthesameschoolasherbrother.D)Sheisn’tgoingtoworkinherbrother’sfirm.9.A)Themanshouldphonethehotelfordirections.B)Themancanaskthedepartmentstoreforhelp.C)Shedoesn’thavethehotel’sphonenumber.D)Thehotelisjustaroundthecorner.10.A)Shedoesn’texpecttofinishallherworkinthirtyminutes.B)Shehastodoalotofthingswithinashorttime.C)Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.D)Shedoesn’tknowwhytherearesomanythingstodo.SectionBCompoundDictation注意：听力理解的B节(SectionB)为复合式听写(CompoundDictation)，题目在试卷二上，现在请取出试卷二。CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanscapturetheirdevotiontoindividualism:“Doyouownthing.”“Ididitmyway.”“You’llhavetodecidedthatforyourself.”“Youmadeyourbed,now(S1)________init.”“ifyoudon’tlookoutforyourself,nooneelsewill.”“Lookoutfornumberone.”Closely(S2)________withthevaluetheyplaceonindividualismistheimportanceAmericans(S3)________toprivacy.Americansassumethatpeopleneedsometimetothemselvesorsometimealonetothinkaboutthingsorrecovertheir(S4)________psychologicalenergy.Americanshavegreat(S5)________understandingforeignerswhoalwayswanttobewithanotherpersonwhodislikebeingalone.Iftheparentscan(S6)________it,eachchildwillhavehisorherownbedroom,evenasan(S7)________,fixesinapersonthenotionthat(S8)________.Havingone’sownbedroom,herbooks,herbooksandsoon.Thesethingswillbehersandnooneelse’s.Americansassumerthat(S9)________.Doctors,lawyers,psychologists,andothershaverulesgoverningconfidentialitythatareintendedtopreventinformationabouttheirclients’personalsituationsformbecomingknowntoothers.American’sattitudeaboutprivacycanbehardforforeignerstounderstand.(10)________.Whenthoseboundariesarecrossed,anAmerican’sbodywillvisiblystiffenandhismannerwillbecomecoolandaloof.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn’tharmrainforest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.nThisistheunorthodoxviewofaGermansoilscientistwhohasshownthatburntclearingsintheAmazon,datingbackmorethan1,000years,helpedcreatepatchesofrich,fertilesoilthatfarmersstillbenefitfromtoday.Mostrainforestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.Thismeanstopsoilcontainsfewoftheingredientsneededforlong-termsuccessfulfarming.ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.Thesesoilscontainlotsoforganicmatter.Glaserhasshownthatmostofthisfertileorganicmattercomesfrom“blackcarbon”—theorganicparticlesfromcampfiresandcharred(烧成炭的)woodleftoverfromthousandsofyearsofslash-and-burnfarming.“Thesoils,knownasTerraPreta,containedupto70timesmoreblackcarbonthanthesurroundingsoil,“saysGlaser.Unburntvegetationrotsquickly,butblackcarbonpersistsinthesoilformanycenturies.RadiocarbondatingshowsthatthecharredwoodinTerraPretasoilsistypicallymorethan1,000yearsold.“Slash-and-burnfarmingcanbegoodforsoilsprovideditdoesn’tcompletelyburnallthevegetation,andleavesbehindcharredwood,”saysGlaser.“Itcanbebetterthanmanure(粪肥).”Burningtheforestjustoncecanleavebehindenoughblackcarbontokeepthesoilfertileforthousandsofyears.Andrainforestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.Contrarytotheconventionalviewthathumanactivitiesdamagetheenvironment,Glasersays:“BlackcarboncombinedwithhumanwastesisresponsiblefortherichnessofTerraPretasoils.”TerraPretasoilsturnupinlargepatchesallovertheAmazon,wheretheyarehighlyprizedbyfarmers.Allthepatchesfallwithin500squarekilometersinthecentralAmazon.Glasersaysthewidespreadpresenceofpottery(陶器)confirmsthesoil’shumanorigins.ThefindingsaddweighttothetheorythatlargeareasoftheAmazonhaverecoveredsowellfrompastperiodsofagriculturalusethattheregrowthhasbeenmistakenbygenerationsofbiologistsfor“virgin”forest.Duringthepastdecade,researchershavediscoveredhundredsoflargeearthworksdeepinthejungle.Theyareupto20metershighandcoveruptoasquarekilometer.Glaserclaimsthattheseearthworks,builtbetweenAD400and1400,wereattheheartofurbancivilizations.NowitseemstherichnessoftheTerraPretasoilsmayexplainhowsuchcivilizationsmanagedtofeedthemselves.11.Welearnfromthepassagethatthetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarmingisthat________.A)itdoesnoharmtothetopsoiloftherainforestB)itdestroysrainforestsoilsC)ithelpsimproverainforestsoilsD)itdiminishestheorganicmatterinrainforestsoils12.Mostrainforestsoilsarethinandpoorbecause________.A)thecompositionofthetopsoilisratherunstableB)blackcarboniswashedawaybyheavyrainsC)organicmatterisquicklylostduetoheatandrainD)long-termfarminghasexhaustedtheingredientsessentialtoplantgrowth13.Glasermadehisdiscoveryby________.A)studyingpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazonB)examiningpotteryleftoverbyancientcivilizationsC)test-burningpatchesoftreesinthecentralAmazonD)radiocarbon-datingingredientscontainedinforestsoils14.WhatdoesGlasersayabouttheregrowthofrainforests?A)Theytakecenturiestoregrowafterbeingburnt.B)Theycannotrecoverunlessthevegetationisburntcompletely.C)Theirregrowthwillbehamperedbyhumanhabitation.nD)Theycanrecovereasilyafterslash-and-burnfarming.15.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat________.A)humanactivitieswilldogravedamagetorainforestsB)AmazonrainforestsoilsusedtobetherichestintheworldC)farmingisresponsibleforthedestructionoftheAmazonrainforestsD)thereonceexistedanurbancivilizationintheAmazonrainforestsPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon(扰乱)Europeans’privatelives.Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy(精通技术的)workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”16.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause________.A)theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualismB)theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierageC)theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstabilityD)theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture17.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?A)Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.B)ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.C)Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.D)Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.18.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare________.nA)warmandlightheartedB)oneithersideofmarriageC)negativeandgloomyD)healthyandwealthy19.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat________.A)somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedomB)thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEuropeC)someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonelyD)mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable20.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A)Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.B)Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.C)Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.D)Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SupportersofthebiotechindustryhaveaccusedanAmericanscientistofmisconductaftershetestifiedtotheNewZealandgovernmentthatageneticallymodified(GM)bacteriumcouldcauseseriousdamageifreleased.TheNewZealandLifeSciencesNetwork,anassociationofpro-GMscientistsandorganisations,saystheviewexpressedbyElaineIngham,asoilbiologistatOregonStateUniversityinCorvallis,wasexaggeratedandirresponsible.Ithasaskedheruniversitytodisciplineher.ButInghamstandsbyhercommentsandsaysthecomplaintsareanattempttosilenceher.“They’retryingtocausetroublewithmyuniversityandgetmefired,”InghamtoldNewScientist.Thecontroversybeganon1February,whenInghamtestifiedbeforeNewZealand’sRoyalCommissiononGeneticModification,whichwilldeterminehowtoregulateGMorganisms.InghamclaimedthataGMversionofacommonsoilbacteriumcouldspreadanddestroyplantsifreleasedintothewild.Otherresearchershadpreviouslymodifiedthebacteriumtoproducealcoholfromorganicwaste.ButInghamsaysthatwhensheputitinsoilwithwheatplants,alloftheplantsdiedwithinaweek.“Wewouldloseterrestrial(陆生的)plants...thisisanorganismthatispotentiallydeadlytothecontinuedsurvivalofhumanbeings,”shetoldthecommission.SheaddedthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)canceleditsapprovalforfieldtestsusingtheorganismonceshehadtoldthemaboutherresearchin1999.ButlastweektheNewZealandLifeSciencesNetworkaccusedInghamof“presentinginaccurate,carelessandexaggeratedinformation”and“generatingspeculativedoomsdayscenarios(世界末日的局面)thatarenotscientificallysupportable”.Theysaythatherstudydoesn’tevenshowthatthebacteriawouldsurviveinthewild,muchlesskillmassivenumbersofplants.What’smore,thenetworksaysthatcontrarytoIngham’sclaims,theEPAwasneveraskedtoconsidertheorganismforfieldtrials.TheEPAhasnotcommentedonthedispute.Butane-mailtothenetworkfromJanetAnderson,directoroftheEPA’sbio-pesticides(生物杀虫剂)division,says“thereisnorecordofareviewand/orclearancetofieldtest”theorganism.InghamsaysEPAofficialshadtoldherthattheorganismwasapprovedforfieldtests,butsaysshehasfewdetails.It’salsonotclearwhethertheorganism,firstengineeredbyaGermaninstituteforbiotechnology,isstillinuse.WhetherInghamisrightorwrong,hersupporterssayopponentsaretryingunfairlytosilenceher.“Ithinkherconcernsshouldbetakenseriously.Sheshouldn’tbeharassedinthisway,”saysAnnClarke,aplantbiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawhoalsotestifiedbeforethecommission.“It’sanattempttosilencetheopposition.”n21.Thepassagecentersonthecontroversy________.A)betweenAmericanandNewZealandbiologistsovergeneticmodificationB)astowhetherthestudyofgeneticmodificationshouldbecontinuedC)overthepossibleadverseeffectofaGMbacteriumonplantsD)aboutwhetherElaineInghamshouldbefiredbyheruniversity22.Inghaminsiststhathertestimonyisbasedon________.A)evidenceprovidedbytheEPAoftheUnitedStatesB)theresultsofanexperimentsheconductedherselfC)evidencefromhercollaborativeresearchwithGermanbiologistsD)theresultsofextensivefieldtestsinCorvallis,Oregon23.AccordingtoJanetAnderson,theEPA________.A)hascancelleditsapprovalforfieldtestsoftheGMorganismB)hasn’treviewedthefindingsofIngham’sresearchC)hasapprovedfieldtestsusingtheGMorganismD)hasn’tgivenpermissiontofieldtesttheGMorganism24.AccordingtoAnnClarke,theNewZealandLifeSciencesNetwork________.A)shouldgatherevidencetodiscreditIngham’sclaimsB)shouldrequirethattheresearchbytheirbiologistsberegulatedC)shouldn’tdemandthatInghambedisciplinedforvoicingherviewsD)shouldn’tappeasetheoppositioninsuchaquietway25.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutInghamisTRUE?A)Hertestimonyhasn’tbeensupportedbytheEPA.B)Hercredibilityasascientisthasn’tbeenundermined.C)Sheisfirmlysupportedbyheruniversity.D)ShehasmadegreatcontributionstothestudyofGMbacteria.PassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everyfall,likeclockwork,LindaKrentzofBeaverton,Oregon,feltherbraingoonstrike.“Ijustcouldn’tgetgoinginthemorning,”shesays.“I’dgetdepressedandgain10poundseverywinterandlosethemagaininthespring.”Thenshereadaboutseasonalaffectivedisorder,aformofdepressionthatoccursinfallandwinter,andshesawthelight-literally.Everymorningnowsheturnsonaspeciallyconstructedlightboxforhalfanhourandsitsinfrontofittotrickherbrainintothinkingit’sstillenjoyingthoselongsummerdays.Itseemstowork.Krentzisnotalone.Scientistsestimatethat10millionAmericanssufferfromseasonaldepressionand25millionmoredevelopmilderversions.Butthere’sneverbeendefinitiveproofthattreatmentwithverybrightlightsmakesadifference.Afterall,it’shardtodoadouble-blindtestwhenthesubjectscanseeforthemselveswhetherornotthelightison.That’swhynobodyhaseverseparatedtherealeffectsoflighttherapyfromplacebo(安慰剂)effects.Untilnow.Inthreeseparatestudiespublishedlastmonth,researchersreportnotonlythatlighttherapyworksbetterthanaplacebobutthattreatmentisusuallymoreeffectiveintheearlymorningthanintheevening.Intwoofthegroups,theplaceboproblemwasresolvedbytellingpatientstheywerecomparinglightboxestoanewanti-depressantdevicethatemitsnegativelychargedions(离子).Thethirdusedthetimingoflighttherapyasthecontrol.Whydoeslighttherapywork?Noonereallyknows.“Ourresearchsuggestsithassomethingtodowithshiftingthebody’sinternalclock,”sayspsychiatristDr.Lewey.Thebodyisprogrammedtostartthedaywithsunrise,heexplains,andthisgetslaterasthedaysgetshorter.Butwhysuchsubtleshiftsmakesomepeopledepressedandnotothersisamystery.nThathasn’tstoppedthousandsofwinterdepressivesfromtryingtohealthemselves.Lightboxesforthatpurposeareavailablewithoutadoctor’sprescription.ThatbotherspsychologistMichaelTermanofColumbiaUniversity.Heisworriedthattheboxesmaybetriedbypatientswhosufferfrommentalillnessthatcan’tbetreatedwithlight.Termanhasdevelopedaquestionnairetohelpdeterminewhetherexpertcareisneeded.Inanyevent,youshouldchooseareputablemanufacturer.Whateverproductyouuseshouldemitonlyvisiblelight,becauseultravioletlightdamagestheeyes.Ifyouarephotosensitive(对光敏感的),youmaydeveloparash.Otherwise,themaindrawbackishavingtositinfrontofthelightfor30to60minutesinthemorning.That’saninconveniencemanywinterdepressivescanlivewith.26.WhatistheprobablecauseofKrentz’sproblem?A)Anunexpectedgaininbodyweight.B)Unexplainedimpairmentofhernervoussystem.C)Weakeningofhereyesightwiththesettinginofwinter.D)Pooradjustmentofherbodyclocktoseasonalchanges.27.BysayingthatLindaKrentzsawthelight”(Line4,Para.1),theauthormeansthatshe________.A)learnedhowtoloseweightB)realizedwhatherproblemwasC)cametoseetheimportanceoflightD)becamelight-heartedandcheerful28.WhatistheCURRENTviewconcerningthetreatmentofseasonaldepressionwithbrightlights?A)Itseffectremainstobeseen.B)Itservesasakindofplacebo.C)Itprovestobeaneffectivetherapy.D)Ithardlyproducesanyeffects.29.WhatispsychologistMichaelTerman’smajorconcern?A)Winterdepressiveswillbeaddictedtousinglightboxes.B)Nomentalpatientswouldbothertoconsultpsychiatrists.C)Inferiorlightboxeswillemitharmfulultravioletlights.D)Lighttherapycouldbemisusedbycertainmentalpatients.30.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A)Winterdepressivespreferlighttherapyinspiteofitsinconvenience.B)Lighttherapyincreasesthepatient’sphotosensitivity.C)Eyedamageisasideeffectoflighttherapy.D)Lightboxescanbeprogrammedtocorrespondtoshiftsinthebodyclock.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheNOEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.31.Susanhas________theelbowsofherson’sjacketwithleatherpatchestomakeitmoredurable.A)reinforcedB)sustainedC)steadiedD)confirmed32.Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere________bythenoiseformthenextroom.A)distractedB)displacednC)dispersedD)discarded33.Thereasonwhysomanychildrenliketoeatthisnewbrandofbiscuitisthatitisparticularlysweetand________.A)fragileB)feebleC)briskD)crisp34.Don’ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever________withthefacts.A)symmetricalB)comparativeC)compatibleD)harmonious35.Theyhadtoeata(n)________meal,ortheywouldbetoolatefortheconcert.A)temporaryB)hastyC)immediateD)urgent36.Havinga(n)________attitudetowardspeoplewithdifferentideasisanindicationthatonehasbeenwelleducated.A)analyticalB)bearableC)elasticD)tolerant37.Noformofgovernmentintheworldis________;eachsystemreflectsthehistoryandpresentneedsoftheregionorthenation.A)dominantB)influentialC)integralD)drastic38.Inspiteoftheeconomic________forecast,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.A)faintB)dizzyC)gloomyD)opaque39.ToooftenDr.Johnson’slectures________howtoprotectthedoctorratherthanhowtocurethepatient.A)looktoB)dwellonC)permeateintoD)shrugoff40.LocatedinWashingtonD.C.,theLibraryofCongresscontainsanimpressive________ofbooksoneveryconceivablesubject.A)flockB)configurationC)pilenD)array41.Somefeltthattheywerehurryingintoanepochofunprecedentedenlightenment,inwhichbettereducationandbeneficialtechnologywould________wealthandleisureforall.A)maintainB)ensureC)certifyD)console42.Fiberopticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations________.A)homogeneouslyB)spontaneouslyC)simultaneouslyD)ingeniously43.Excellentfilmsarethosewhich________nationalandculturalbarriers.A)transcendB)traverseC)abolishD)suppress44.Thelawofsupplyanddemandwilleventuallytakecareofashortageor________ofdentists.A)surgeB)surplusC)flushD)fluctuation45.OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,________intheSanFranciscoarea.A)remarkablyB)severelyC)drasticallyD)predominantly46.Aftertheterribleaccident,Idiscoveredthatmyearwasbecomingless________.A)sensibleB)sensitiveC)sentimentalD)sensational47.Nowthecheersandapplause________inasinglesustainedroar.A)mingledB)tangledC)baffledD)huddled48.Amongallthepublicholidays,NationalDayseemstobethemostjoyfultothepeopleofthecountry;onthatdaythewholecountryis________inafestivalatmosphere.A)trappedB)sunkC)soakedD)immersed49.Thewoodencasesmustbesecuredbyoverallmetalstrappingsothattheycanbestrongenoughtostandroughhandlingduring________.nA)transitB)motionC)shiftD)traffic50.Nowadaysmanyruralpeopleflocktothecitytolookforjobsontheassumptionthatthestreetsthereare________withgold.A)overwhelmedB)stockedC)pavedD)overlapped51.Itisawellknownfactthatthecatfamily________lionsandtigers.A)enrichesB)accommodatesC)adoptsD)embraces52.MybosshasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceany________onwhathepromises.A)assuranceB)probabilityC)relianceD)conformity53.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa________ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.A)latitudeB)multitudeC)magnitudeD)longitude54.Itwassucha(n)________whenPatandMikemeteachotherinTokyo.EachthoughtthattheotherwasstillinHongKong.A)occurrenceB)coincidenceC)fancyD)destiny55.Parentshavetolearnhowtofollowababy’sbehaviorandadaptthetoneoftheir________tothebaby’scapabilities.A)perceptionsB)consultationsC)interactionsD)interruptions56.Governmentstodayplayanincreasinglylargerroleinthe________ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.A)scopesB)rangesC)ranksD)domains57.Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbe________toworkhard,withtheresultthattaxrevenuesmightactuallyshrink.nA)cultivatedB)licensedC)motivatedD)innovated58.Jackisnotverydecisive,andhealwaysfindshimselfina________asifhedoesn’tknowwhathereallywantstodo.A)fantasyB)dilemmaC)contradictionD)conflict59.Heisapromisingyoungmanwhoisnowstudyingatourgraduateschool.Ashissupervisor,Iwouldliketo________himtoyournotice.A)commendB)decreeC)presumeD)articulate60.Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill________formanyyearstocome.A)conceiveB)clutchC)contriveD)cherishPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.AlthoughtherearemanyskillfulBraillereaders,thousandsofotherblindpeoplefinditdifficulttolearnthatsystem.Theyaretherebyshut__61__fromtheworldofbooksandnewspapers,havingto__62__onfriendstoreadaloudtothem.AyoungscientistnamedRaymondKurzweilhasnowdesignedacomputerwhichisamajor__63__inprovidingaidtothe__64__.Hismachine,Cyclops,hasacamerathat__65__anypage,interpretstheprintintosounds,andthendeliversthemorallyinarobot-like__66__throughaspeaker.Bypressingtheappropriatebuttons__67__Cyclops’skeyboard,ablindpersoncan“read”any__68__documentintheEnglishlanguage.Thisremarkableinventionrepresentsatremendous__69__forwardintheeducationofthehandicapped.Atpresent,Cyclopscosts$50,000.__70__,Mr.Kurzweilandhisassociatesarepreparingasmaller__71__improvedversionthatwillsell__72__lessthanhalfthatprice.Withinafewyears,Kurzweil__73__thepricerangewillbelowenoughforeveryschoolandlibraryto__74__one.MichaelHingson,DirectoroftheNationalFederationfortheBlind,hopesthat__75__willbeabletobuyhome__76__ofCyclopsforthepriceofagoodtelevisionset.Mr.Hingson’sorganizationpurchasedfivemachinesandisnowtestingtheminMaryland,Colorado,Iowa,California,andNewYork.Blindpeoplehavebeen__77__inthosetests,makinglotsof__78__suggestionstotheengineerswhohelpedtoproduceCyclops.“Thisisthefirsttimethatblindpeoplehaveeverdoneindividualstudies__79__aproductwasputonthemarket,Hingsonsaid.“Mostmanufacturersbelievedthathavingtheblindhelptheblindwasliketellingdisabledpeopletoteachotherdisabledpeople.Inthat__80__,themanufacturershavebeentheblindones.”61.A)upB)downnC)inD)off62.A)dwellB)relyC)pressD)urge63.A)executionB)distinctionC)breakthroughD)process64.A)paralyzedB)uneducatedC)invisibleD)sightless65.A)scansB)enlargesC)sketchesD)projects66.A)behaviorB)expressionC)movementD)voice67.A)onB)atC)inD)from68.A)visualB)printedC)virtualD)spoken69.A)strideB)trailC)haulD)footprint70.A)LikewiseB)MoreoverC)HoweverD)Though71.A)butB)thanC)orD)then72.A)onB)forC)throughnD)to73.A)estimatesB)considersC)countsD)determines74.A)settleB)ownC)investD)retain75.A)schoolsB)childrenC)familiesD)companies76.A)modelsB)modesC)casesD)collections77.A)producingB)researchingC)ascertainingD)assisting78.A)trueB)valuableC)authenticD)pleasant79.A)afterB)whenC)beforeD)as80.A)occasionB)momentC)senseD)eventPartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledSayNotoPiratedProducts.1.目前盗版的现象比较严重2.造成这种现象的原因及危害3.我们应该怎么做?盗版piracy(n.)盗版产品piratedproducts知识产权intellectualpropertyrights侵犯版权infringesb’scopyright;copyrightinfringementSayNotoPiratedProductsn2005年6月18日六级参考答案PartI1.C2.B3.D4.C5.A6.C7.B8.D9.A10.BPartII11.B12.C13.A14.D15.D16.A17.B18.D19.A20.C21.C22.B23.B24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.APartIII31.A32.A33.D34.C35.B36.D37.A38.C39.B40.D41.B42.C43.A44.B45.D46.B47.A48.D49.A50.C51.D52.C53.B54.B55.A56.D57.C58.B59.A60.DPartIV61.D62.B63.C64.D65.A66.D67.A68.B69.A70.C71.A72.B73.A74.B75.C76.A77.D78.B79.C80.CS1.lieS2.associatedS3.assignS4.spentS5.difficultyS6.affordS7.infantS8.sheisentitledtoaplaceofherownwhereshecanbebyherself,andkeepherpossessionsS9.peoplewillhavetheirprivatethoughtsthatmightneverbesharedwithanyoneS10.American’shouses,yardsandevenofficescanseemopenandinviting.YetinthemindsofAmericans,thereareboundariesthatotherpeoplearesimplynotsupposedtocross.2005年6月18日六级听力原文1.M:Whatdoyouthinkofthegovernment’snewtaxcutproposal?nW:Thoughitmaygivesomebenefittothepoor,itskeycomponentistheeliminationoftaxondividends.Thatmeanstherichwillgetricher.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkaboutthegovernment’staxcutproposal?2.M:Jenny,rememberthis:ajobworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.W:Oh,yes,Icertainlywon’tforgetit.Butdon’texpectmetosticktothejobjustbecauseitpaysafewmorebucks.Alifeofcontinuousexplorationisalifeworthliving.Q:whatcanbeinferredaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?3.M:Ifoundthatoneofmyschoolmatesusesdrugs.HowcanIhelphim,Mom?W:stayawayfromhim,son.Neverthinkthatyoucantalkhimoutofthehabitifheisaddicted.Butperhapsyoucantalktoyourteacheraboutthematter.Q:what’sthewoman’sadvicetoherson?4.W:Idon’tknowhowyoucaneatsomuchyetneverputonanyweight,son.Yourfather’sgotthesameluck.Ican’ttakeabitewithoutcalculatinghowmanycaloriesIamtaking.M:ButrememberAuntLouise,Mom?Sheatealotandnevergainedapound.Q:Whoisworriedaboutgainingweight?5.W:Didyouturnoffthelightsandcheckthelocksonallthedoors?M:Yes,ItoldtheJohnsonsthatwe’dbegonefortwoweeks.Theypromisetokeepaneyeonthehouseforus.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodo?6.M:hurryup,Linda!Ihearthattherearenotmanyticketsleftforthefootballmatch.W:Iamreadynow,let’sgo.Itistheearlybirdthatcatchestheworm.Q:Whydidthemanaskthewomantohurryup?7.W:Didyouhearthattheconveniencestorenexttothegasstationwashelduplastnight?M:Yes,Ihearditontheradiothismorning.Q:Whathappenedtotheconveniencestore?8.M:Congratulations!Ijustheardaboutyouracceptanceinthelawschool.Doyouthinkyouwouldjoinyourbrother’sfirmaftergraduation?W:Notlikely.Heisataxlawyer,andIamgoingtomajorincriminallaw.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.M:Excuseme,butcouldyoutellmehowtogettotheFriendshipHotel?Ithoughtitwasonthiscorner,butIseemtohavemadeamistake.M:Iamsorry,butIamastrangerheremyself.Maybeyoucantrycallingthem.Thereisaphoneoverthereoutsidethedepartmentstore.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?10.M:howisitgoing,Mary?Youlookalittleoverwhelmed.W:Exactly.Youknow,I’vegotamillionthingstodoandallofthemhavetobefinishedinthenext30minutes.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?CompoundDictationCertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanscapturetheirdevotiontoindividualism.“Doyouownthing.”“Ididitmyway.”“You’llhavetodecidethatforyourself.”“Youmadeyourbed,nowlieinit.”“Ifyoudon’tlookoutforyourself,nooneelsewill.”“Lookoutfornumberone.”Closelyassociatedwiththevaluetheyplaceonindividualism,istheimportanceAmerican’sassigntoprivacy.Americansassumethatpeopleneedsometimetothemselvesorsometimealonetothinkaboutthingsortorecovertheirspentpsychologicalenergy.Americanshavegreatdifficultyunderstandingforeignerswhoalwayswanttobewithanotherpersonwhodislikesbeingalone.Iftheparentscanaffordit,eachchildwillhavehisorherownbedroom.Havingone’sownbedroomevenasaninfant,nfixesinapersonthenotionthatsheisentitledtoaplaceofherownwhereshecanbebyherself,andkeepherpossessions.Shewillhaveherclothes,hertoys,herbooks,andsoon.Thesethingswillbehers,nooneelse’s.Americansassumethatpeoplewillhavetheirprivatethoughtsthatmightneverbesharedwithanyone.Doctors,lawyers,psychologistsandothershaverulesgoverningconfidentialitythatareintendedtopreventinformationabouttheirclients’personalsituationsfrombeingknowtoothers.American’sattitudesaboutprivacycanbehardforforeignerstounderstandAmerican’shouses,yards,andeventheirofficescanseemopenandinviting.Yet,inthemindsofAmericans,thereareboundariesthatotherpeoplearesimplynotsupposedtocross.Whenthoseboundariesarecrossed,anAmerican’sbodywillvisiblystiffenandhismannerwillbecoolandaloof.2005年12月24日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Thedeanshouldhaveconsultedherontheappointment.B)Dr.Holdenshouldhavetakenoverthepositionearlier.C)Shedoesn’tthinkDr.Holdenhasmadeawisechoice.D)Dr.Holdenisthebestpersonforthechairmanship.2.A)They’llkeepintouchduringthesummervacation.B)They’llholdapartybeforethesummervacation.C)They’lldooddjobstogetherattheschoollibrary.D)They’llgetbacktotheirschoolonceinawhile.3.A)Peachesareinseasonnow.B)Peachesarenotattheirbestnow.C)Thewomandidn’tknowhowtobargain.D)Thewomanhelpedthemanchoosethefruit.4.A)Theyjointhephysicsclub.B)Theyaskforanextensionofthedeadline.C)Theyworkontheassignmenttogether.D)Theychooseaneasierassignment.5.A)SheadmiresJean’sstraightforwardness.B)ShethinksDr.Browndeservesthepraise.C)ShewilltalktoJeanaboutwhathappened.D)ShebelievesJeanwasrudetoDr.Brown.6.A)Helikedwritingwhenhewasachild.B)HeenjoyedreadingstoriesinReader’sDigest.C)HeusedtobeaneditorofReader’sDigest.D)Hebecamewellknownattheageofsix.7.A)Heshowsgreatenthusiasmforhisstudies.B)Heisaveryversatileperson.C)Hehasnotalentfortennis.D)Hedoesnotstudyhardenough.8.A)Johnhaslostsomethingattherailwaystation.B)Thereareseveralrailwaystationsinthecity.nC)ItwillbeverydifficultforthemtofindJohn.D)ThetrainthatJohnistakingwillarrivesoon.9.A)Itsrapidgrowthisbeneficialtotheworld.B)Itcanbeseenasamodelbytherestoftheworld.C)Itssuccesscan’tbeexplainedbyelementaryeconomics.D)Itwillcontinuetosurgeforward.10.A)Ittakesonly5minutestoreachthecampusfromtheapartments.B)Moststudentscan’taffordtoliveinthenewapartments.C)Thenewapartmentsarenotavailableuntilnextmonth.D)Thenewapartmentscanaccommodate500students.SectionB11.A)TheroleofimmigrantsintheconstructionofAmericansociety.B)TheimportanceofofferingdiversecoursesinEuropeanhistory.C)Theneedforgreaterculturaldiversityintheschoolcurriculum.D)ThehistoriclandingofEuropeansontheVirginiashore.12.A)HewaswonderingifthespeakerwasusedtolivinginAmerica.B)Hewastryingtoshowfriendlinesstothespeaker.C)Hewantedtokeeptheirconversationgoing.D)Hebelievedthespeakerwasaforeigner.13.A)TheUSpopulationdoesn’tconsistofwhiteEuropeandescendantsonly.B)AsiantouristscanspeakEnglishaswellasnativespeakersofthelanguage.C)ColoredpeoplearenotwelcomeintheUnitedStates.D)Americansareinneedofeducationintheirhistory.14.A)BymakinglawsB)ByenforcingdisciplineC)ByeducatingthepublicD)Byholdingceremonies15.A)Itshouldberaisedbysoldiers.B)Itshouldberaisedquicklybyhand.C)ItshouldberaisedonlybyAmericans.D)Itshouldberaisedbymechanicalmeans.16.A)Itshouldbeattachedtothestatus.B)Itshouldbehungfromthetopofthemonument.C)Itshouldbespreadovertheobjecttobeunveiled.D)Itshouldbecarriedhighupintheair.17.A)Therehasbeenalotofcontroversyovertheuseofflag.B)Thebestathletescanwearuniformswiththedesignoftheflag.C)Therearepreciseregulationsandcustomstobefollowed.D)Americanscanprinttheflagontheircushionsorhandkerchiefs.PassageThree18.A)PunishmentbyteachersB)PooracademicperformanceC)TruancyD)Illness19.A)TheBoardofEducation.nB)Principalsofcityschools.C)Studentswithgoodacademicrecords.D)Studentswithgoodattendancerecords.20.A)Punishingstudentswhodamageschoolproperty.B)Rewardingschoolsthathavedecreasedthedestruction.C)Promotingteacherswhocanpreventthedestruction.D)Cuttingthebudgetforrepairsandreplacements.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageoneToomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulatedintoparent-hoodbytheirparents,whothinkthathappinessamongolderpeopledependsonhavingagrand-childtospoil.Weneedanorganizationtohelpbeatdownthepersistentcampaignsofgrandchildlessparents.It’stimetoestablishPlannedGrandparenthood,whichwouldhavemanyglobalandlocalbenefits.Partofitsmissionwouldbetopromotetherisksandrealitiesassociatedwithbeingagrandparent.Thestaffwouldincludedepressedgrandparentswhowouldexplainhowgrandkidsbreaklamps,bite,screamandkick.Otherswoulddetailhowanhourofbaby-sittingoftenturnsintoacryingmarathon.Moregrandparentswouldtestifythattheyhadtopayfortheirgrandchild’sexpensivecollegeeducation.Plannedgrandparenthood’scarefullywrittenliteraturewoulddetailallthejoysoflifegrand-child-freeacalmlivingroom,extramoneyforluxuriesduringthegoldenyears,etc.Potentialgrandparentswouldberemindedthat,withoutgrandchildrenaround,it’spossibletohaveaconversationwithyourkids,who—incidentally—wouldhavemoretimefortheirownparents.Meanwhile,mostchildrenarevulnerabletotheenormousinfluenceexertedbygrandchildlessparentsaimingtopersuadetheirkidstoproducechildren.Theywilltakeacallfromapersistentparent,evenifthey’reloadedwithworks.Inaddition,someparentsmakehandsomemoneyofferspayableuponthegrandchild’sbirth.Sometimesthesegiftsnotonlycoverexpensesassociatedwiththeinfant’sbirth,butextras,too,likeavacation.Inanycase,cashgiftscanweakentheresolveofeventhenoblestperson.AtPlannedGrandparenthood,childrentargetedbytheirparentstoreproducecouldobtainnon-biasedinformationabouttheinsanityofhavingtheirownkids.Thecatastrophicpsychologicalandeconomiccostsofchildbearingwouldbeemphasized.Thesymptomsofmorningsicknesswouldbelistedandhorrorsofchildbirthpictured.Amonthlynewsletterwouldcontainstoriesaboutoverwhelmedparentsandofferguidanceonhowchildlessadultscanrespondtothedifferentlobbyingtacticsthatwould-begrandparentsemploy.WhenIthinkaboutalltheproblemsofouroverpopulatedworldandlookatourboygrabbingatthelampbythesofa,IwishIcouldhaveturnedtoPlannedGrandparenthoodwhenmyparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme.IfIcouldhave,Imightnotbeinthisparenthoodpredicament(窘境).Buthere’sthecrazyirony,Idon’twantmychild-freelifeback.Dylan’stoomuchfun.21.What’sthepurposeoftheproposedorganizationPlannedGrandparenthood?A)Toencouragechildlesscouplestohavechildren.B)Toprovidefacilitiesandservicesforgrandchildlessparents.C)Tooffercounselingtopeopleonhowtoraisegrandchildren.D)Todiscouragepeoplefrominsistingonhavinggrandchildren.22.PlannedGrandparenthoodwouldincludedepressedgrandparentsonitsstaffinorderto________.A)showthemthejoysoflifegrandparentsmayhaveinraisinggrandchildrenB)drawattentiontothetroublesanddifficultiesgrandchildrenmaycauseC)sharetheirexperienceinraisinggrandchildreninamorescientificwayD)helpraisefundstocoverthehighexpenseofeducationforgrandchildrenn23.Accordingtothepassage,somecouplesmayeventuallychoosetohavechildrenbecause________.A)theyfindithardtoresistthecarrot-and-stickapproachoftheirparentsB)theyhavelearnfromotherparentsaboutthejoysofhavingchildrenC)theyfeelmoreandmorelonelyadtheygrowolderD)theyhavefounditirrationaltoremainchildless24.Bysaying“...myparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme”(Line2-3,Para.6),theauthormeansthat________.A)herparentskeptpressuringhertohaveachildB)herparentslikedtohaveagrandchildintheirarmsC)herparentsaskedhertosavefortheexpensesofraisingachildD)herparentskeptblamingherforherchild’sbadbehavior25.Whatdoestheauthorreallyoftheideaofhavingchildren?A)Itdoesmoreharmthangood.B)Itcontributestooverpopulation.C)Itistroublesomebutrewarding.D)Itisapsychologicalcatastrophe.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself...Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活)，starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories. Ournationalmythology(神化)isfullofillustrationtheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right”clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.26.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?A)Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.B)Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.nC)Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.D)Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.27.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line10,Para.1),theauthormeans________.A)themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturnsB)laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustryC)aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystepD)acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees’hardwork28.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho________.A)succeedinrealestateinvestmentB)earnedenormousfortunesbychancesC)becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoorD)becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat________.A)businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriageB)AmericanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflifeC)goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccessD)successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren30.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?A)TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.B)Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.C)TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.D)WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernment,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehabroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines‘ourscientists’haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments(病痛),andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(难治疗的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandofscientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto‘economicsneeds’,thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare‘nearthemarket’andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemanystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomehisresearchfunding.Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthenavenal(可以收买的).Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallynthosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas‘experts’.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineerdeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary. 31.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?A)Supportfromthevotes.B)Thereductionofpublicexpenditure.C)Quickeconomicsreturns.D)Thebudgetforaresearchproject.32.Scientisthavetoadapttheirresearchto‘economicneeds’inorderto________.A)impressthepublicwiththeirachievementsB)pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssakeC)obtainfundingfromthegovernmentD)translateknowledgeintowealth33.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?A)Theythinktheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.B)Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionstothemselves.C)Theyknowittakespatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.D)Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.34.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause________.A)theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobewrongB)sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingC)someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyD)theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcerned35.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?A)Itmakesthingsdifficultforscientistsseekingresearchfunds.B)Peoplewouldnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.C)Itmaydampentheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.D)Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inmanyways,today’sbusinessenvironmenthaschangedqualitativelysincethelate1980s.TheendoftheColdWarradicallyalteredtheverynatureoftheworld’spoliticsandeconomics.Injustafewshortyears,globalizationhasstartedavarietyoftrendswithprofoundconsequences:theopeningofmarkets,trueglobalcompetition,widespreadderegulation(解除政府对…的控制)ofindustry,andanabundanceofaccessiblecapital.Wehaveexperiencedboththebenefitsandrisksofatrulyglobaleconomy,withbothWallStreetandMainStreet(平民百姓)feelingthepainsofeconomicdisorderhalfaworldaway.Atthesametime,wehavefullyenteredtheInformationAge,Startingbreakthroughsininformationtechnologyhaveirreversiblyalteredtheabilitytoconductbusinessunconstrainedbythetraditionallimitationsoftimeorspace.Today,it’salmostimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutintranets,e-mail,andportablecomputers.Withstunningspeed,theInternetisprofoundlychangingthewaywework,shop,dobusiness,andcommunicate.Asaconsequence,wehavetrulyenteredthePost-Industrialeconomy.Wearerapidlyshiftingfromaneconomybasedonmanufacturingandcommoditiestoonethatplacesthegreatestvalueoninformation,services,support,anddistribution.Thatshift,inturn,placeanunprecedentedpremiumon“knowledgeworkers,”anewclassofwealthy,neducated,andmobilepeoplewhoviewthemselvesasfreeagentsinaseller’smarket.Beyondtherealmofinformationtechnology,theacceleratedpaceoftechnologicalchangeinvirtuallyeveryindustryhascreatedentirelynewbusiness,wipedoutothers,andproducedaPervasive(广泛的)demandforcontinuousinnovation.Newproduct,process,anddistributiontechnologiesprovidepowerfulleversforcreatingcompetitivevalue.Morecompaniesarelearningtheimportanceofdestructivetechnologies—innovationsthatholdthepotentialtomakeaproductline,orevenanentirebusinesssegment,virtuallyoutdated.Anothermajortrendhasbeenthefragmentationofconsumerandbusinessmarkets.There’sagrowingappreciationthatsuperficiallysimilargroupsofcustomersmayhaveverydifferentpreferencesintermsofwhattheywanttobuyandhowtheywanttobuyit.Now,newtechnologymakesiteasier,faster,andcheapertoidentifyandservetargetedmicro-marketsinwaysthatwerephysicallyimpossibleorprohibitivelyexpensiveinthepast.Moreover,thetrendfeedsonitself,abusiness’sabilitytoservesub-marketsfuelscustomers’appetitesformoreandmorespecializedofferings.36.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thechancesinthebusinessenvironmentinthepastdecadescanbeattributedto________.A)technologicaladvancesB)worldwideeconomicdisorderC)thefiercecompetitioninindustryD)theglobalizationofeconomy37.whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthesecondparagraph?A)Therapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyhastakenbusinessmenbysurprise.B)Informationtechnologyhasremovedtherestrictionsoftimeandspaceinbusinesstransactions.C)TheInternet,intranets,e-mail,andportablecomputershavepenetratedeverycorneroftheworld.D)Thewaywedobusinesstodayhasbroughtaboutstartlingbreakthroughsininformationtechnology.38.IfabusinesswantstothriveinthePost-Industrialeconomy,________.A)ithastoinvestmorecapitalinthetrainingoffreeagentstooperateinaseller’smarketB)itshouldtryitsbesttosatisfytheincreasingdemandsofmobileknowledgeablepeopleC)itshouldnotoverlooktheimportanceofinformation,services,support,anddistributionD)ithastoprovideeachofitsemployeeswiththelatestinformationaboutthechangingmarket39.Intheauthor’sview,destructivetechnologiesareinnovationswhich________.A)caneliminateanentirebusinesssegmentB)demandaradicalchangeinprovidingservicesC)maydestroythepotentialofacompanytomakeanyprofitD)callforcontinuousimprovementinwaysofdoingbusiness40.Withthefragmentationofconsumerandbusinessmarkets________.A)anincreasingnumberofcompanieshavedisintegratedB)manufacturersmustfocusononespecialproducttoremaincompetitiveinthemarketC)itisphysicallyimpossibleandprohibitivelyexpensivetodobusinessintheoldwayD)businesseshavetomeetindividualcustomers’specificneedsinordertosucceedPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)41.Itseemssomewhat________toexpectanyonetodrive3hoursjustfora20-minutemeeting.A)eccentricB)impossibleC)absurdD)unique42.Thisareaoftheparkhasbeenspecially________forchildren,butaccompanyingadultsarealsowelcome.nA)inauguratedB)designatedC)entitledD)delegated43.Thegirl’sface________withembarrassmentduringtheinterviewwhenshecouldn’tanswerthetoughquestion.A)beamedB)dazzledC)radiatedD)flushed44.Slaverywas________inCanadain1833,andCanadianauthoritiesencouragedtheslaves,whoescapedfromAmerica,tosettleonitsvastvirginland.A)dilutedB)dissipatedC)abolishedD)resigned45.Unfortunately,theneweditionofdictionaryis________inallmajorbookshops.A)outofreachB)outofstockC)outofbusinessD)outofseason46.Thehandsonmyalarmclockare________,soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.A)exoticB)gorgeousC)luminousD)spectacular47.Psychologistshavedoneextensivestudiesonhowwellpatients________withdoctors’orders.A)complyB)correspondC)interfereD)interact48.Intoday’sclass,thestudentswereaskedto________theirmistakesontheexampaperandputintheirpossiblecorrections.A)cancelB)omitC)extinguishD)erase49.TheGovernment’spolicieswillcomeunderclose________intheweeksbeforetheelection.A)appreciationB)specificationC)scrutinyD)apprehension50.Policeandvillagersunanimously________theforestfiretothunderandlightning.A)ascribedB)approachedC)confirmednD)confined51.Insomeremoteplacestherearestillverypoorpeoplewhocan’taffordtolivein________conditions.A)graciousB)decentC)honorableD)positive52.Sinceourknowledgeis________noneofuscanexcludethepossibilityofbeingwrong.A)controlledB)restrainedC)finiteD)delicate53.Youshouldn’t________yourfather’sinstructions.Anywayheisanexperiencedteacher.A)deduceB)deliberateC)defyD)denounce54.Thecompanymanagementattemptedto________informationthatwasnotfavorabletothem,butitwasallinvain.A)suppressB)supplementC)concentrateD)plug55.Itismyhopethateveryoneinthisclassshould________theirerrorsbeforeitistoolate.A)refuteB)excludeC)expelD)rectify56.Theboy’sfoolishquestion________hismotherwhowasbusywithhouseworkandhadnointerestintalking.A)intriguedB)fascinatedC)irritatedD)stimulated57.Millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhavesometypeofphysical,mental,oremotional________thatseverelylimitstheirabilitiestomanagetheirdailyactivities.A)scandalB)misfortuneC)deficitD)handicap58.Itisbelievedthatthefeedingpatternsparents________ontheirchildrencandeterminetheiradolescentandadulteatinghabits.A)compelB)imposeC)evokeD)necessitate59.Ifthevalue-addedtaxweredoneawaywith,itwouldactasa________toconsumption.nA)progressionB)primeC)stabilityD)stimulus60.Thebrideandgroompromisedto________eachotherthroughsicknessandhealth.A)nourishB)nominateC)rosterD)cherish61.They’regoingtobuildabigofficeblockonthat________pieceofland.A)voidB)vacantC)blankD)shallow62.Withoutanyhesitation,shetookoffhershoes,________upherskirtandsplashedacrossthestream.A)tuckedB)revolvedC)twistedD)curled63.Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandhislecturebecausethesubjectwasvery________.A)faintB)obscureC)gloomyD)indefinite64.ProfessorSmithexplainedthemovementoflight________thatofwater.A)byanalogywithB)byvirtueofC)inlinewithD)intermsof65.Tomisbankruptnow.Heisdesperatebecauseallhisefforts________failure.A)tumbledtoB)hingeduponC)inflictedonD)culminatedin66.Whilefashionisthoughtofusually________clothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.A)inrelationtoB)inproportiontoC)bymeansofD)onbehalfof67.Themeaningofthesentenceis________;youcaninterpretitinseveralways.A)skepticalB)intelligibleC)ambiguousD)exclusiven68.Cancerisagroupofdiseasesinwhichthereisuncontrolledanddisorderedgrowthof________cells.A)irrelevantB)inferiorC)controversialD)abnormal69.Atthattime,theeconomywasstillundergoinga________,andjobofferswerehardtoget.A)concessionB)supervisionC)recessionD)deviation70.Icouldhearnothingbuttheroaroftheairplaneengineswhich________allothersounds.A)overturnedB)drownedC)deafenedD)smoothedPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______EveryweekhundredsofCVs(简历)landonourdesks.We’veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare10pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesinfirstparagraph.A(S1)goodCVisyourpassporttoaninterviewand,ultimate,to(S2)thejobyouwant.Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresentedCVcouldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat’sinit.(S3)Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.(S4)PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowerybackgroundsorpinkpaperwillstandoutuponallthewrongreasons(S5)Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammaticalerrors,becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupevery(S6)mistake.CVswitherrorswillberejected—itshowsthatyoudon’tpayattentiontodetail.Restrictyourselftooneortwopages,andlistinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.(S7)IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checktheformattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepup(S8)theformatsimple.Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.Ifyouhavetosendon,makesureitisonetakingina(S9)professionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.Gettingthepresentationrightisjustthefirststep.Whataboutthecontent?TheRulehereistokeepitfactualandtruthful-exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.Andremember(S10)totailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.PartVWriting(30minutes)Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoacompanydecliningajoboffer.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.对公司提供职位表示感谢2.解释为何不能接受所提供的职位n3.希望给与谅解，并表达对公司的良好祝愿ALetterDecliningaJobOffer2005年12月24日六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.D2.A3.B4.C5.A6.A7.D8.C9.A10.B11.C12.D13.A14.A15.B16.D17.C18.C19.D20.BPartIIReadingComprehension21.D22.B23.A24.A25.C26.D27.A28.C29.B30.D31.B32.C33.A34.D35.B36.D37.B38.C39.A40.DPartIIIVocabulary41.C42.B43.D44.B45.C46.C47.A48.D49.B50.A51.C52.C53.C54.A55.D56.C57.D58.B59.D60.D61.B62.A63.B64.A65.D66.A67.C68.D69.C70.BPartIVErrorCorrection1.infirstparagraph→inthefirstparagraph2.ultimate→ultimately3.acceptance→unacceptance/rejection4.end→ending5.upon→for6.willpickup→willnotpickup7.listing→list8.Keepup→Keep9.taking→taken10.find→found2005年12月24日六级听力原文1.M:TheDeanjustannouncedthatDr.Holden’sgoingI’llmissyouguyswhileI’mworkinghereinthelibrary.W:Iknewitallalong!He’stheobviouschoice.Alltheothercandidatesarenomatchforhim!Q:whatdowelearnaboutthetwospeakers?n2.W:Hey,letmeknowhowyoursummer’sgoing!I’llmissyouguyswhileI’mworkinghereinthelibrary.M:I’llbeworking,too!ButI’llsendyouanemailorcallyouonceinawhile.Whenweallgetbacktoschool,wecanhaveapartyorsomething.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthetwospeakers?3.W:Iknowit’stheendoftheseason,butthosepeachesaresuchabargainthatIcouldn’thelpbuyingthem!Haveoneplease!M:Thankyou!Actually,theyseempasstheirprime.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?4.M:Theassignmentonphysicsisarealchallenge.Idon’tthinkIcanfinishitontimeorbymyself.W:Whydon’twejoinourfeettogether?Itmaybeeasierthen.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?5.M:JeanreallylosthertemperinDr.Brown’sclassthismorning.W:Oh?Didshe?ButIthinkherfranknessisreallysomethingtobeappreciated.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?6.W:Weheardthatwhenyouareakid,yousubmittedastorytoReader’sDigest.M:Well,Idon’trememberthisstoryexactly,butmyideaofagreattimethenwasapadoflinedpaperandanewbluepen.IthoughtmyselfasaReader’sDigestmemberattheageofsix.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?7.M:Yoursoncertainlyshowsalotofenthusiasmonthetenniscourt.W:Ionlywishhe’dshowasmuchforhisstudies.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutherson?8.W:WesupposetomeetJohnhereattherailwaystation.M:That’slikelookingforaneedleinahaystack.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?9.M:ProfessorStevenson,asaneconomist,howdoyoulookuponthesurgingChineseeconomy?Doesitconstituteathreattotherestoftheworld?W:IbelieveChina’seconomicsuccessshouldbeseenmoreasanopportunitythanathreat.Thosewholookeduponitasathreatoverlookedthebenefitofchina’sgrowthtotheworld’seconomy.Theyalsolacktheunderstandingofelementaryeconomics.Q:WhatdoesProfessorStevensonthinkofChina’seconomy?10.W:Ourschoolhasjustbuiltsomenewapartmentnearcampus,butonebedroomrunsfor500dollarsamonth.M:That’sabitbeyondthereachofmoststudents!Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?PassageOneIhadflownfromSanFranciscotoVirginiatoattendaconferenceonmulticulturalism.Hundredsofeducatorsfromacrossthecountryweremeetingtodiscusstheneedforgreaterculturaldiversityintheschoolcurriculum.Itookataxitomyhotel.Ontheway,mydriverandIchattedaboutthewhetherandthetourists.ThedriverwasaWhitemaninforties.“Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscountry?”heasked.“Allmylife!”Ireplied,“IwasbornintheUnitedStates.”Withstrongsouthernaccent,heremarked,“IwaswonderingbecauseyourEnglishisexcellent.”ThenIexplainedasIhaddonemanytimesbefore,“MygrandfathercameherefromChinainthe1880s.MyfamilyhasbeenhereinAmericaforeverahundredyears.”Heglancedatmeinthemirror.Somehow,Ididn’tlookAmericantohim.Myappearancelookedforeign.Questionslikedtheonemytaxidriveraskedmakemefeeluncomfortable.ButIcanunderstandwhyhecouldnotseemeasanAmerican.Hehadanarrowbutwidelysharedsenseofthepast:ahistorythathasviewedAmericansasdescendantsofEuropeans.RacehasfunctionedassomethingnecessarytotheconstructionofAmericancharacterandqualityinthecreationofournationalidentity—Americanhasbeendefinedasn“white”.ButAmericanhasbeenraciallydiversesinceourverybeginningontheVirginiashore,wherethefirstgroupofEnglishmenandAfricansarrivedinthe17thcentury.Andthisrealityisincreasinglybecomevisibleeverywhere.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.Whatwasthethemeoftheconferencethespeakerwastoattend?12.WhydidthetaxidriveraskthespeakerhowlonghehasbeenintheUS?13.Whatmessagedidthespeakerwishtoconvey?PassageTwoLawshavebeenwrittentogoverntheuseofAmericanNationalFlag,andtoensureproperrespectfortheflag.Customhasalsogovernedthecommonpracticeinregardtoitsuse.Allthearmedserviceshavepreciseregulationsonhowtodisplaythenationalflag.Thismayvarysomewhatfromthegeneralrules.Thenationalflagshouldberaisedandloweredbyhand.Donotraisetheflagwhileitisfolded.Unfoldtheflagfirst,andthenhoistitquicklytothetopoftheflagpole.Loweritslowlyandwithdignity.Placenoobjectsonorovertheflag.Donotusetheflagaspartofacostumeorathleticuniform.Donotprintituponcushions,handkerchiefs,papernapkinsorboxes.Afederallawprovidesthatthetrademarkcannotberegisteredifitcomprisestheflag,orbadgersoftheUS,Whentheflagisusedtounveilastatueormonument,itshouldn’tserveasacoveringoftheobjecttobeunveiled.Ifitisdisplayedonsuchoccasions,donotallowtheflagtofalltotheground,butletitbecarriedhighupintheairtoformafeatureoftheceremony.Takeeveryprecautiontopreventtheflagfromsoiled.Itshouldnotbeallowedtotouchthegroundorfloor,nortobrushagainstobjects.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.HowdoAmericansensureproperrespectforthenationalflag?15.WhatistheregulationregardingtheraisingoftheAmericanNationalFlag?16.HowshouldtheAmericanNationalFlagbedisplayedatanunveilingceremony?17.WhatdowelearnabouttheuseoftheAmericanNationalFlag?PassageThreeInsomelargeAmericancityschools,asmanyas20-40%ofthestudentsareabsenteachday.Therearetwomajorreasonsforsuchabsences:oneissickness,andtheotheristruancy.Thatisstayingawayfromschoolwithoutpermission.Sinceschoolofficialscan’tdomuchabouttheillness,theyareconcentratingonreducingthenumberoftruancy.OneofthemostpromisingschemeshasbeentriedinFlorida.Thepupilstherewithgoodattendancehavebeengivenfreehamburgers,toysandT-shirts.Classesaretoldiftheyshowimprovedratesofattendance,theycanwinadditionalgifts.Atthesametime,teachersareencouragedtoinspiretheirstudentstocometoschoolregularly.Whenthoseteachersaresuccessful,theyarealsorewarded.“we’vebeenpunishingtruancyforyears,butthathasn’tbroughtthembacktoschool,”Oneschoolprincipalsaid.Nowwearetryingthepositiveapproach.Notonlydoyoulearnbyshowingupeveryday,butyouearn.InSanFrancisco,theboardofeducationhashadasomewhatsimilaridea.Schoolsthatshowadecreaseindeliberatedestructionofpropertycanreceivetheamountofmoneythatwouldbespentonrepairsandreplacements.Forexample,12,000dollarshadbeensetasideforaschool’spropertydamageseveryyear.Sincerepairexpensesofdamagedpropertyrequiredonly4,000dollars,theremaining8,000dollarswasturnedovertothestudentactivityfund.“Ourdemocracyoperatesonhopeandencouragement,”saidtheschoolboardmember.“Whynotprovidesomepositivegoalsforstudentsandteacherstoaimat?”Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.Whichreasonforstudents’absencesisdiscussedingreatdetail?19.WhowillbenefitfromtheschemebeingtriedinFlorida?20.WhatmeasurehasbeentakeninSanFranciscotoreducethedestructionofschoolproperty?2006年6月17日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)n注意事项一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡上。将本试卷代号(A、B卷)划在答题卡上。二、试卷和答题卡均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。三、仔细读懂题目的说明。四、多项选择题的答案一定要划在答题卡上，凡是写在试卷上的答案一律无效。每题只能选一个答案：如多选。则该题无分，选定答案后，用铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。正确方法是：A)B)C)D)。使用其他符号答题者不给分，划线要有一定粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。五、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。六、试题的第四部分改错(ErrorCorrection)和第五部分作文(Writing)印刷在答题卡上，请用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上作答。七、在90分钟内做完试题的第一至第四部分，90分钟后，监考员收取试卷，然后考生再做第五部分作文题，答题时间为30分钟。全部考试时间为120分钟，不得拖延时间。八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密，若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)ShemetwithThomasjustafewdaysago.B)Shecanhelpwiththeorientationprogram.C)Sheisnotsureshecanpassonthemessage.D)ShewillcertainlytrytocontactThomas.2.A)Setthedinnertable.B)Changethelightbulb.C)Cleanthediningroom.D)Holdtheladderforhim.3.A)He’dlikeapieceofpie.B)He’dlikesomecoffee.C)He’dratherstayinthewarmroom.D)He’sjusthaddinnerwithhisfriends.4.A)Hehasmanagedtosellanumberofcars.B)Heiscontentedwithhiscurrentposition.C)Hemightgetfired.D)Hehaslosthisjob.5.A)Tony’ssecretary.B)Paul’sgirlfriend.C)Paul’scolleague.D)Tony’swife.6.A)Hewasfinedforrunningaredlight.B)Hewascaughtspeedingonafastlane.C)Hehadtorunquicklytogettheticket.D)Hemadeawrongturnattheintersection.7.A)Hehaslearnedalotfromhisownmistakes.nB)Heisquiteexperiencedintamingwilddogs.C)Hefindsrewardmoreeffectivethanpunishment.D)Hethinksitimportanttomasterbasictrainingskills.8.A)Atabookstore.B)Atthedentist’s.C)Inarestaurant.D)Inthelibrary.9.A)Hedoesn’twantJennytogetintotrouble.B)Hedoesn’tagreewiththewoman’sremark.C)HethinksJenny’sworkloadtooheavyatcollege.D)Hebelievesmostcollegestudentsarerunningwild.10.A)Itwasapplaudable.B)Itwasjustterrible.C)Theactorswereenthusiastic.D)Theplotwasfunnyenough.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Socialwork.B)Medicalcare.C)Appliedphysics.D)Specialeducation.12.A)Thetimelyadvicefromherfriendsandrelatives.B)Thetwo-yearprofessionaltrainingshereceived.C)Herdeterminationtofulfillherdream.D)Herparents’consistentmoralsupport.13.A)Togetthefundingforthehospitals.B)Tohelpthedisabledchildrenthere.C)Totraintherapistsforthechildrenthere.D)Tosetupaninstitutionforthehandicapped.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)AtacountryschoolinMexico.B)InamountainvalleyofSpain.C)AtasmallAmericancollege.D)InasmallvillageinChile.15.A)Byexpandingtheirmindsandhorizons.B)Byfinancingtheirelementaryeducation.C)Bysettingupasmallprimaryschool.D)Bysettingthemaninspiringexample.16.A)Shewrotepoetrythatbrokethroughnationalbarriers.nB)Shewasatalenteddesigneroforiginalschoolcurriculums.C)Sheprovedherselftobeanactiveandcapablestateswoman.D)Shemadeoutstandingcontributionstochildren’seducation.17.A)Shewonthe1945NobelPrizeinLiterature.B)ShewasthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrize.C)Shetranslatedherbooksintomanylanguages.D)Sheadvisedmanystatesmenoninternationalaffairs.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Howanimalssurviveharshconditionsinthewild.B)Howanimalsaltercolorstomatchtheirsurroundings.C)Howanimalsprotectthemselvesagainstpredators.D)Howanimalslearntodisguisethemselveseffectively.19.A)Itsenormoussize.B)Itsplant-likeappearance.C)Itsinstantaneousresponse.D)Itsoffensivesmell.20.A)Ithelpsimprovetheirsafety.B)Itallowsthemtoswimfaster.C)Ithelpsthemfighttheirpredators.D)Itallowsthemtoavoidtwistsandturns.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies,Televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果关系).SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:“Atthistime,wellover1,000studies...pointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.”Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededout“themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression”,only28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgamenplayerstoread‘aggressive’or‘non-aggressive’wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.21.Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies,TVandvideogames?A)Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.B)Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday’ssociety.C)Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.D)Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.22.Whatistheskeptics(Line3.Para.3)viewofmediaviolence?A)Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.B)Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.C)Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.D)Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.23.Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1.Para.5)torefertothosewho________.A)usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolenceB)initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonrealityC)assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehaviorD)useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior24.Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging________.A)thesourceandamountoftheirdataB)thetargetsoftheirobservationC)theirsystemofmeasurementD)theirdefinitionofviolence25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?A)Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.B)Itshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettled.C)Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.D)Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.You’reintroubleifyouhavetobuyyourownbrand-nameprescriptiondrugs.Overthepastdecade,pricesleapedbymorethandoubletheinflationrate.Treatmentsforchronicconditionscaneasilytop$2,000amonth-nowonderthatoneinfourAmericanscan’saffordtofilltheirprescriptions.Thesolution?Aheartychorusof“OCanada.”Northoftheborder,wherepricecontrolsreign,thosesamebrand-namedrugscost50%to80%less.TheCanadianoptionisfastbecomingapoliticalwake-upcall,“Ifourneighborscanbuydrugsatreasonableprices,whycan’twe?Eventowhisperthatthoughtprovokesanger.“Un-American!”And-thepropagandists’trumpcard(王牌)—“Wreckourbrillianthealth-caresystem.”Supersizedrugprices,theyclaim,fundtheresearchthatsparksthenextgenerationofwonderdrugs.Nosky-highdrugpricetoday,nocureforcancertomorrow.Soshutupandpayup.Commonsensetellsyouthat’safalsealternative.Therewardforfinding,say,acancercureissohugethatnoone’sngoingtohangitup.Nevertheless,ifCanada-levelpricingcametotheUnitedStates,theindustry’sprofitmarginswoulddropandthepaceofnew-drugdevelopmentwouldslow.HereliestheAmericandilemma.Whoisallthissplendidmedicinefor?Shouldourhealth-caresystemcontinueitsdrivetowardthebestofthebest,eventhoughrisingnumbersofpatientscan’taffordit?Orshouldwedirectourwealthtowardlettingeveryoneinontoday’slevelofcare?Measuredbysavedlives,thelatterisalmostcertainlythebettercourse.Todefendtheirprofits,thedrugcompanieshavewarnedCanadianwholesalersandpharmacies(药房)nottoselltoAmericansbymail,andarecuttingbacksuppliestothosewhodare.Meanwhile,theadministrationisplayingthefearcard.OfficialsfromtheFoodandDrugAdministrationwillarguethatCanadiandrugsmightbefake,mishandled,orevenapotentialthreattolife.DobaddrugsflyaroundtheInternet?Sure-andthemorewelook,themorewe’llfind,ButIhaven’theardofanyragingepidemicsamongthehundredsofthousandsofpeoplebuyingcrossborder.Mostusersofprescriptiondrugsdon’tworryaboutcostsalot.They’reshelteredbyemployeeinsurance,owingjusta$20co-pay.Thefinancialblowsrain,instead,ontheuninsured,especiallythechronicallyillwhoneedexpensivedrugstolive,Thisgroupwillstillincludemiddle-incomeseniorsonMedicare,who’llhavetodigdeeplyintotheirpocketsbeforegettingmuchfromthenewdrugbenefitthatstartsin2006.26.WhatissaidabouttheconsequenceoftherocketingdrugpricesintheU.S.?A)AquarterofAmericanscan’taffordtheirprescriptiondrugs.B)ManyAmericanscan’taffordtoseeadoctorwhentheyfallill.C)ManyAmericanshavetogotoCanadatogetmedicaltreatment.D)Theinflationratehasbeenmorethandoubledovertheyears.27.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericacanfollowtheCanadianmodelandcurbitssoaringdrugpricesby________.A)encouragingpeopletobuyprescriptiondrugsonlineB)extendingmedicalinsurancetoallitscitizensC)importinglow-priceprescriptiondrugsfromCanadaD)exercisingpricecontrolonbrand-namedrugs28.HowdopropagandistsarguefortheU.S.drugpricingpolicy?A)LowpriceswillaffectthequalityofmedicinesinAmerica.B)Highpricesareessentialtofundingresearchonnewdrugs.C)Lowpriceswillbringabouttheangerofdrugmanufacturers.D)High-pricedrugsareindispensableincuringchronicdiseases.29.WhatshouldbethepriorityofAmerica’shealth-caresystemaccordingtotheauthor?A)Toresolvethedilemmainthehealth-caresystem.B)TomaintainAmerica’sleadinthedrugindustry.C)Toallowthevastmajoritytoenjoyitsbenefits.D)Toquickenthepaceofnewdrugdevelopment.30.WhatareAmericandrugcompaniesdoingtoprotecttheirhighprofits?A)LabelingdrugsboughtfromCanadaasbeingfakes.B)Threateningtocutbackfundingfornewdrugresearch.C)ReducingsuppliestouncooperativeCanadianpharmacies.D)AttributingtheragingepidemicstotheineffectivenessofCanadiandrugs.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica.Andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtoadazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone’sneedbutbythedateonnone’sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem；yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent(有支付能力的).Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat“elderly”and“needy”aresynonymous(同义的).Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor,Butmostofthemaren’t.Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint,Buoyed(支持)bylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob-therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon’tneedthem.Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan’ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment；andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst-discriminationbyage.31.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A)offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpracticeB)seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlifeC)givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderlyD)seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount32.Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?A)Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.B)Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.C)Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.D)SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.33.Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill________.A)makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsocietyB)intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheoldC)haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompaniesD)bringamarkedincreaseinthecompaniesrevenues34.HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?A)Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.B)Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.C)Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.D)Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.35.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?A)Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.nB)Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.C)Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.D)Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.In1854mygreat-grandfather,MorrisMarable,wassoldonanauctionblockinGeorgiafor$500.Forhiswhiteslavemaster,thesalewasjust“businessasusual.”ButtoMorrisMarableandhisheirs,slaverywasacrimeagainstourhumanity.ThispatternofhumanrightsviolationsagainstenslavedAfrican-Americanscontinuedunderracialsegregationfornearlyanothercentury.ThefundamentalproblemofAmericandemocracyinthe21stcenturyistheproblemof“structuralracism”thedeeppatternsofsocio-economicinequalityandaccumulateddisadvantagethatarecodedbyrace,andconstantlyjustifiedinpublicspeechesbybothraciststereotypesandwhiteindifference.DoAmericanshavethecapacityandvisiontoremovethesestructuralbarriersthatdenydemocraticrightsandopportunitiestomillionsoftheirfellowcitizens?Thiscountryhaspreviouslywitnessedtwogreatstrugglestoachieveatrulymulticulturaldemocracy.TheFirstReconstruction(1865-1877)endedslaveryandbrieflygaveblackmenvotingrights,butgavenomeaningfulcompensationfortwocenturiesofunpaidlabor.Thepromiseof“40acresandamule(骡子)”wasformostblacksadreamdeferred(尚未实现的).TheSecondReconstruction(1954-1968),orthemoderncivilrightsmovement,endedlegalsegregationinpublicaccommodationsandgaveblacksvotingrights.ButthesesuccessesparadoxicallyobscurethetremendoushumancostsofhistoricallyaccumulateddisadvantagethatremaincentraltoblackAmericans’lives.Thedisproportionatewealththatmostwhitesenjoytodaywasfirstconstructedfromcenturiesofunpaidblacklabor.Manywhiteinstitutions,includingsomeleadinguniversities,insurancecompaniesandbanks,profitedfromslavery.Thispatternofwhiteprivilegeandblackinequalitycontinuestoday.Demandingreparations(赔偿)isnotjustaboutcompensationforslaveryandsegregation.Itis,moreimportant,aneducationalcampaigntohighlightthecontemporaryrealityof“racialdeficits”ofallkinds,theunequalconditionsthatimpactblacksregardlessofclass.Structuralracism’sbarriersinclude“equityinequity.”theabsenceofblackcapitalformationthatisadirectconsequenceofAmerica’shistory.Onethirdofallblackhouseholdsactuallyhavenegativenetwealth.In1998thetypicalblackfamily’snetwealthwas$16,400,lessthanonefifththatofwhitefamilies.Blackfamiliesaredeniedhomeloansattwicetherateofwhites.Blacksremainthelasthiredandfirstfiredduringrecessions.Duringthe1990-91recession,African-Americanssuffereddisproportionately.AtCoca-Cola,42percentofemployeeswholosttheirjobswereblacks.AtSears,54percentwereblack,Blackshavesignificantlyshorterlifespans,inpartduetoracisminthehealthestablishment.Blacksarestatisticallylesslikelythanwhitestobereferredforkidneytransplantsorearly-stagecancersurgery.36.Totheauthor,theauctionofhisgreat-grandfatherisatypicalexampleof________.A)crimeagainsthumanityB)unfairbusinesstransactionC)racialconflictsinGeorgiaD)racialsegregationinAmerica37.Thebarriertodemocracyin21stcenturyAmericais________.A)widespreaduseofraciststereotypesB)prejudiceagainstminoritygroupsC)deep-rootedsocio-economicinequalityD)denialoflegalrightstoordinaryblacks38.WhatproblemremainsunsolvedinthetwoReconstructions?A)Differencesbetweenracesaredeliberatelyobscured.nB)Theblacksarenotcompensatedfortheirunpaidlabor.C)Thereisnoguaranteeforblackstoexercisetheirrights.D)Theinterestsofblacksarenotprotectedbylaw.39.Itisclearthatthewealthenjoyedbymostwhites________.A)hasresultedfrombusinesssuccessesovertheyearsB)hasbeenaccompaniedbyblackcapitalformationC)hasderivedfromsizableinvestmentsineducationD)hasbeenaccumulatedfromgenerationsofslavery40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthecurrentsituationregardingracialdiscrimination?A)Racismisnotamajorobstacletoblacks’employment.B)Inequalityofmanykindsremainsvirtuallyuntouched.C)Amajorstephasbeentakentowardsreparations.D)Littlehasbeendonetoensureblacks’civilrights.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Becauseofthe________ofitsideas,thebookwasinwidecirculationbothathomeandabroad.A)originalityB)subjectivityC)generalityD)ambiguity42.Withitsownparliamentandcurrencyandacommon________forpeace,theEuropeanUniondeclareditself—in11officiallanguages—openforbusiness.A)inspirationB)assimilationC)intuitionD)aspiration43.Americahasnowadoptedmore________European-styleinspectionsystems,andtheincidenceoffoodpoisoningisfalling.A)discreteB)solemnC)rigorousD)autonomous44.Mainstreampro-marketeconomistsallagreethatcompetitionisan________spurtoefficiencyandinnovation.A)extravagantB)exquisiteC)intermittentD)indispensable45.Inthelate19thcentury,JulesVerne,themasterofsciencefiction,foresawmanyofthetechnologicalwondersthatare________today.A)transientB)commonplaceC)implicitD)elementaryn46.Iwasso________whenIusedtheautomaticcheckoutlaneinthesupermarketforthefirsttime.A)immersedB)assaultedC)thrilledD)dedicated47.Hisarmwas________fromtheshark’smouthandreattached,buttheboy,whonearlydied,remainedinadelicatecondition.A)retrievedB)retainedC)repelledD)restored48.BillGatesandWaltDisneyaretwopeopleAmericahas________tobetheGreatestAmerican.A)appointedB)appeasedC)nicknamedD)dominated49.The________majorityofcitizenstendtobelievethatthedeathpenaltywillhelpdecreasethecrimerate.A)overflowingB)overwhelmingC)prevalentD)premium50.Wewillalsoseea________increaseinthenumberoftelevisionsperhousehold,assmallTVdisplaysareaddedtoclocks,coffeemakersandsmokedetectors.A)startlingB)surpassingC)suppressingD)stacking51.Theadvanceofglobalizationischallengingsomeofourmost________valuesandideas,includingourideaofwhatconstitutes“home”.A)enrichedB)enlightenedC)cherishedD)chartered52.Researchershavediscoveredthat________withanimalsinanactivewaymayloweraperson’sbloodpressure.A)interactingB)integratingC)migratingD)merging53.TheBeatles,themostfamousBritishbandofthe1960s,traveledworldwideformanyyears,________culturalbarriers.A)transportingB)transplantingC)transferringD)transcending54.Inhislastyears,Henrysufferedfromadiseasethatslowly________himofmuchofhissight.nA)relievedB)jeopardizedC)deprivedD)eliminated55.Weightlifting,oranyothersportthatbuildsupyourmuscles,canmakebonesbecomedenserandless________toinjury.A)attachedB)proneC)immuneD)reconciled56.Hehas________tomuseumshundredsofhispaintingsaswellashisentirepersonalcollectionofmodernart.A)ascribedB)attributedC)designatedD)donated57.Erik’swebsitecontains________photographsandhundredsofarticlesandshortvideosfromhistriparoundtheglobe.A)prosperousB)gorgeousC)spaciousD)simultaneous58.Optimismisa________showntobeassociatedwithgoodphysicalhealth,lessdepressionandlongerlife.A)trailB)traitC)traceD)track59.Theinstitutionhasahighlyeffectiveprogramwhichhelpsfirst-yearstudentsmakeasuccessful________intocollegelife.A)transformationB)transmissionC)transitionD)transaction60.Philosophersbelievethatdesire,hatredandenvyare“negativeemotions”which________themindandleaditintoapursuitofpowerandpossessions.A)distortB)reinforceC)exertD)scramble61.Theterm“glassceiling”wasfirstusedbytheWallStreetJournaltodescribetheapparentbarriersthatpreventwomenfromreachingthetopofthecorporate________.A)seniorityB)superiorityC)heightD)hierarchy62.Variouseffortshavebeenmadeoverthecenturiestopredictearthquakes,includingobservinglightsintheskynand________animalbehavior.A)abnormalB)exoticC)absurdD)erroneous63.Around80percentofthe________characteristicsofmostwhiteBritonshavebeenpasseddownfromafewthousandIceAgehunters.A)intelligibleB)randomC)spontaneousD)genetic64.Picassogainedpopularityinthemid-20thcentury,whichwas________ofanewattitudetowardsmodernart.A)informativeB)indicativeC)exclusiveD)expressive65.Thecountrywasanislandthatenjoyedcivilizedlivingforathousandyearsormorewithlittle________fromtheoutsideworld.A)disturbanceB)discriminationC)irritationD)irregularity66.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortand________.A)stabilityB)capabilityC)durabilityD)availability67.Backinthedayswhenpeopletraveledbyhorseandcarriage,KarlBenz________theworldwithhisextraordinarythree-wheeledmotorvehicle.A)inhibitedB)extinguishedC)quenchedD)stunned68.Ifwecontinuetoignoretheissueofglobalwarming,wewillalmostcertainlysufferthe________effectsofclimaticchangesworldwide.A)dubiousB)drasticC)trivialD)toxic69.Accordingtothetheoryofevolution,alllivingspeciesarethemodified________ofearlierspecies.A)descendantsB)dependantsC)defendantsD)developments70.Thepandaisanendangeredspecies,whichmeansthatitisverylikelytobecome________withoutadequatenprotection.A)intactB)insaneC)extinctD)exemptPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmake(^)intherightplaceandwritethemissingworldintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.注意：题目印刷在答题卡上，请用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上作答。Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Untilrecently,dyslexiaandotherreadingproblemswereamysterytomostteachersandparents.Asaresult,toomanykidspassedthroughschoolwithoutmastertheprintedpage.(S1)Someweretreatedasmentallydeficient:manywereleftfunctionallyilliterate(文盲的)，unabletoevermeettheirpotential.Butinthelastseveralyears,there’sbeenarevolutioninthatwe’velearnedaboutreadinganddyslexia.(S2)Scientistsareusingavarietyofnewimagingtechniquestowatchthebrainatwork.Theirexperimentshaveshownthatreadingdisordersaremostlikelytheresultofwhatis,inaneffect,(S3)faultywiringinthebrain—notlazy,stupidityorapoorhome(S4)environment.There’salsoconvincingevidencewhichdyslexia(S5)islargelyinherited.Itisnowconsideredachronicproblemforsomekids,notjusta“phase”.Scientistshavealsodiscardedanotheroldstereotypethatalmostalldyslexicsareboys.Studiesindicatethatmanygirlsareaffectingaswell(S6)andnotgettinghelp.Atsametime,educationalresearchershavecomeup(S7)withinnovativeteachingstrategiesforkidswhoarehavingtroublelearningtoread.Newscreeningtestsareidentifyingchildrenatriskbeforetheygetdiscouragedbyyearof(S8)frustrationandfailure.Andeducatorsaretryingtogetthemessagetoparentsthattheyshouldbeonthealertforthefirstsignsofpotentialproblems.It’sanurgentmission.Massliteracyisarelativenew(S9)socialgoal.Ahundredyearsagopeopledidn’tneedtobegoodreadersinordertoearnaliving.ButintheInformationAge,noonecangetbywithknowinghowtoreadwelland(S10)understandincreasinglycomplexmaterial.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTravelingAbroad.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbasedonthechartandoutlinegivebelow:NumberofpeopleinCityXtravelingabroadin1995,2000and2005近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游出现这种现象的原因这种现象可能产生的影响TravelingAbroad2006年6月17日六级参考答案PartI1.C2.D3.B4.C5.Dn6.A7.C8.B9.B10.A11.B12.C13.B14.D15.A16.D17.A18.C19.B20.APartII21.D22.B23.C24.D25.A26.A27.D28.B29.C30.C31.A32.C33.B34.C35.D36.A37.C38.B39.D40.BPartIII41.A42.D43.C44.D45.B46.C47.A48.D49.B50.A51.C52.A53.D54.C55.B56.D57.B58.B59.C60.A61.D62.A63.D64.B65.A66.C67.D68.B69.A70.CPartIVS1.master→masteringS2.that→whatS3.inaneffect→去掉anS4.lazy→lazinessS5.which→thatS6.affecting→affectedS7.atsametime→same前加theS8.year→yearsS9.relative→relativelyS10.with→without2006年12月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(B卷)PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)orD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)ThefoggyweatherhasaffectedMary’smood.B)TheyarepuzzledaboutMary’slowspirits.C)Maryisdissatisfiedwithherpromotion.D)Marycarestoomuchaboutherlooks.n2.A)Gotoanartexhibition.B)Attendtheopeningnightofaplay.C)Dineoutwithanoldfriend.D)Seehispaintingsondisplay.3.A)Hermotherwasquiteoutstandinginacademicword.B)Shewasnotparticularlyinterestedingoingtoschool.C)Herparentslaidgreatemphasisonacademicexcellence.D)Shehelpedupgradetheeducationallevelofimmigrants.4.A)Themachinestherewereillmaintained.B)Ticketsforitsmemberswerecheaper.C)Itwasfilledwithpeopleallthetime.D)Ithadareputationforgoodservice.5.A)BothSarahandTomhavebeenawardeddoctoraldegrees.B)TomhasarrangedtomeethisbrideSarahinHawaii.C)TomwasmoreexcitedthanSarahatthewedding.D)AdoubleblessinghasdescendeduponTom.6.A)Thereweretoomanyquestionsintheexamination.B)Theexaminationwaswellbeyondthecoursecontent.C)Theexaminationquestionsweresomewhattoodifficult.D)Thecoursepreparedhimadequatelyfortheexamination.7.A)It’slesstimeconsuming.B)Hiswifeistiredofcooking.C)It’spartofhisjob.D)Heissickofhome-cookedmeals.8.A)Hehasjuststartedtoteachpianolessons.B)Heseldomtakesthingsseriously.C)Heisveryproudofhispianoskills.D)Heusuallyunderstateshisachievements.9.A)It’stedious.B)It’sabsurd.C)It’sjustifiable.D)It’sunderstandable.10.A)Arrangeaccommodationforher.B)Explainthecauseofthecancellation.C)Compensateherfortheinconvenience.D)Allowhertotakeanotherflightthatnight.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)orD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Producinglegendarypainting.B)Makingafortunefromdecorativearts.nC)Manufacturingqualityfurniture.D)Settingupaspecialmuseum.12.A)ToshowhisfascinationwithAsianculture.B)TotellthestoryoftheAmericanRevolution.C)TopromoteinterestinAmericandecorativearts.D)ToincreasethepopularityoftheDuPontCompany.13.A)Bythemeofperiod.B)Bystyleofdesign.C)Bymanufactureroforigin.D)Byfunctionofpurpose.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Peoplemayusetwoormorelanguages.B)PeoplewillchooseChineseratherthanEnglish.C)ThepercentageofnativespeakersofEnglishwillincrease.D)Thenumberofpeoplerelyingontheirmothertonguewilldrop.15.A)ThenumberofSpanishspeakersisfargreaterthanthatofArabicspeakers.B)ArabicspokeninoneArabcountrymaynotbeunderstoodinanother.C)ArabicspokeninEgyptdiffersfromArabicspokeninMoroccoinorigin.D)ThenumberofArabicspeakersisdecliningbecauseoftheinvasionofEnglish.16.A)ItisimpossibleforArabcountriestostandardizetheirlanguage.B)MostpeopleintheworldwilllearntospeakChineseinthefuture.C)ItisuncertainwhetherEnglishwillbetheworldlanguageinthefuture.D)Spanishisverylikelytobecomethetoplanguageoftheworldby2050.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Becausetheybelieveblindstudentsprefertomixwithstudentswhocansee.B)Becauseitwouldcostlotsofmoneytobuildsuchspecialcolleges.C)Becauseitwouldconstitutediscriminationagainstblindstudents.D)Becausetheythinkblindpeopleshouldlearntoliveamongsightedpeople.18.A)Byencouragingthetobemoreself-reliant.B)Byshowingthempropercareandrespect.C)Byofferingthemmorefinancialassistance.D)Byprovidingthemwithfreemedicalservice.19.A)FinancialaidfromtheAmericangovernment.B)Moderntechnology.C)Professionalsupport.D)HelpfromtheNationalFederationoftheBlind.20.A)AskAmericanprofessorstowriterecommendationsontheirbehalf.B)ObtainAmericancitizenshipbeforetheyreachtheageof30.C)Turntospecialinstitutionsintheirowncountryforassistance.D)ApplytothenationalfederationoftheBlindforscholarships.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthencorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Eachsummer,nomatterhowpressingmyworkschedule,Itakeoffonedayexclusivelyformyson.Wecallitdad-sonday.Thisyearourthirdstopwastheamusementpark,wherebediscoveredthathewastallenoughtorideoneofthefastestrollercoasters(过山车)intheworld.Weblastedthroughface-stretchingturnsandloopsforninetyseconds.Then,aswesteppedofftheride,beshruggedand,inadistressinglycalmvoice,remarkedthatitwasnotasexcitingasotherrideshe’dbeenon.AsIlistened,Ibegantosensesomethingseriouslyoutofbalance.Throughouttheseason,Inoticedsimilareventsallaroundme.Parentsseemedhardpressedtofindnewthrillsforindifferentkids.Surroundedbyever-greaterstimulation,theiryoungfaceswerelookingdisappointedandbored.Facingtheirchildren’scomplaintsof“nothingtodo“,parentswereshellingoutlargenumbersofdollarsforvariousformsofentertainment.Inmanycasesthemoneyseemedtodolittlemorethanbuytransientrelieffromtheterriblemoansoftheirboredchildren.Thissetmeponderingtheobviousquestion:“Howcanitbesohardforkidstofindsomethingtodowhenthere’sneverbeensucharangeofstimulatingentertainmentavailabletothem?”Whatreallyworriesmeistheintensityofthestimulation.Iwatchmylittledaughter’sfaceassheabsorbsthepowerfulonslaught(冲击)ofarousingvisualsandbloodyspecialeffectsinmovies.Whydochildrenimmersedinthismuchexcitementseemstarvedformore?Thatwas,Irealized,thepoint.Idiscoveredduringmyownrecklessadolescencethatwhatcreatesexcitementisnotgoingfast,butgoingfaster.Thrillshavelesstodowithspeedthanchangesinspeed.I’mconcernedaboutthecumulativeeffectofyearsattheselevelsoffeverishactivity.Itisnomysterytomewhymanyteenagersappearapathetic(麻木的)andburnedout,witha“beenthere,donethat”airofindifferencetowardmuchoflife.Asincreasingnumbersoffriends’childrenareprescribedmedications-stimulantstodealwithinattentivenessatschooloranti-depressantstohelpwiththelossofinterestandjoyintheirlives-Iquestiontheroleofkids’boredominsomeofthediagnoses.Myownworkisfocusedonthechemicalimbalancesandbiologicalfactorsrelatedtobehavioralandemotionaldisorders.Thesearecomplexproblems.YetI’vebeenreflectingmoreandmoreonhowthepaceoflifeandtheintensityofstimulationmaybecontributingtotherisingratesofpsychiatricproblemsamongchildrenandadolescentsinoursociety.21.Theauthortellsurprisedintheamusementparkatfactthat________.A)hissonwasnotasthrilledbytherollercoastersrideasexpectedB)hissonblastedthroughtheturnsandloopswithhisfacestretchedC)hissonappeareddistressedbutcalmwhileridingtherollercoastersD)hissoncouldkeephisbalancesowellonthefastmovingrollercoasters22.Accordingtotheauthor,childrenarebored________.A)unlesstheirparentscanfindnewthrillsforthemB)whentheydon’thaveanyaccesstostimulatingfungamesC)whentheyareleftaloneatweekendsbytheirworkingparentsD)eveniftheyareexposedtomoreandmorekindsofentertainment23.Fromhisownexperience,theauthorcametotheconclusionthatchildrenseemtoexpect________.A)amuchwidervarietyofsportsfacilitiesB)activitiesthatrequiresophisticatedskillsC)ever-changingthrillingformsofrecreationD)physicalexercisesthataremorechallenging24.InPara6theauthorexpresseshisdoubtabouttheeffectivenessoftryingtochangechildren’sindifferencetowardmuchoflifeby________.nA)divertingtheirinterestfromelectronicvisualgamesB)prescribingmedicationsfortheirtemporaryreliefC)creatingmorestimulatingactivitiesforthemD)spendingmoremoneyontheirentertainment25.Inordertoalleviatechildren’sboredom,theauthorwouldprobablysuggest________.A)adjustingthepaceoflifeandintensityofstimulationB)promotingthepracticeofdad-sondaysC)consultingaspecialistinchildpsychologyD)balancingschoolworkwithextracurricularactivitiesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itusedtobethatpeoplewereproudtoworkforthesamecompanyforthewholeoftheirworkinglives.They’dgetagoldwatchattheendoftheirproductiveyearsandadinnerfeaturingspeechesbytheirbossespraisingtheirloyalty.Buttoday’srichcapitalistshaveregressed(倒退)tothe“survivalofthefittest”ideasandtheirloyaltyextendsnottotheirworkersoreventotheirstockholdersbutonlytothemselves.Insteadofgivingoutgoldwatchesworthahundredorsodollarsforfortyorsoyearsofword,theygrabtensandevenhundredsofmillionsofdollarsastheysellfortheirownprofitthecompanytheymayhavebeenwithforonlyafewyears.Thenewrichselfishlyactontheirowntounfairlygrabthewealththatthecountryasawholehasproduced.Thetop1percentofthepopulationnowhaswealthequaltothewholebottom95percentandtheywantmore.Theirselfishnessismostshamelesslyexpressedindownsizingandoutsourcing(将产品包给分公司做)becausethesebusinessmaneuversdon’tacttocreatednewjobsasthefounderofnewindustriesusedtodo,butonlyoutjobswhilekeepingthemoneyvalueofwhatthosejobsproducedforthemselves.Tokeepthemoneymachineworkingsmoothlytherichhaveboughtallthepoliticiansfromthetopdown.ThepresidenthimselfisconstantlyleavingWashingtonandthebusinessatthenationbecauseheissummonedto“fundraisingdinners”wherefatcatspayathousandorsodollarsaplatetowormtheirwayintogovernmentnotthroughservicebutthroughdonationsofvastamountsofmoney.Onceontheinsidetheyhavebothpoliticalpartiesbusilytearingupalltheregulationsthatprotecttherestofusfromthegreedoftherich.Themiddleclassusedtobeloyaltothefreeenterprisesystem.Inthepast,thepeopleofthemiddleclassmostlythoughtthey’dberichthemselvessomedayorhaveagoodshotatbecomingrich.Butnowadaysincomeisbeingdistributedmoreandmoreunevenlyandcorporateloyaltyisathingofthepast.Themiddleclassmayalsowakeuptoforgetitsloyaltytotheso-calledfreeenterprisesystemaltogetherandthegovernmentwhichgovernsonlytherestofuswhilelettingthecorporationsdowhattheypleasewithourjobs.Asthingsstand,ifsomebodydoesn’twakeup,themiddleclassisonapathtobeingdownsizedallthewaytothebottomofsociety.26.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleusedtoplaceahighvalueon________.A)jobsecurityB)bosses’praiseC)corporateloyaltyD)retirementbenefits27.Theauthorisstronglycriticaloftoday’srichcapitalistsfor________.A)notgivingnecessaryassistancetolaid-offworkersB)maximizingtheirprofitsattheexpenseofworkersC)notsettinguplong-termgoalsfortheircompaniesD)rewardingonlythosewhoareconsideredthefittest28.Theimmediateconsequenceofthenewcapitalists’practiceis________.A)lossofcorporatereputationnB)lowerpayfortheemployeesC)ahigherrateofunemploymentD)adeclineinbusinesstransactions29.Therichtrytoswaythepolicyofthegovernmentby________.A)occupyingimportantpositionsinbothpoliticalpartiesB)makingmonetarycontributionstodecision-makersC)pleasingthepublicwithgenerousdonationsD)constantlyhostingfundraisingdinners30.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A)tocallonthemiddleclasstoremainloyaltothefreeenterprisesystemB)towarnthegovernmentoftheshrinkingoftheAmericanmiddleclassC)topersuadethegovernmenttochangeitscurrenteconomicpoliciesD)tourgethemiddleclasstowakeupandprotecttheirowninterestsPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.IntelchairmanAndyGrovehasdecidedtocuttheGordianknotofcontroversysurroundingstemcellresearchbysimplywritingacheck.Thecheck,whichhepledgedlastweek,couldbeforasmuchas55million,dependingonhowmanydonorsmakegiftsofbetween550,000and5,500,000,whichhehaspromisedtomatch.ItwillbemadeouttotheUniversityofCalifornia-SanFrancisco(UCSF).Thanksinparttosuchprivatedonations,universityresearchintousesforhumanstemcells—thecellsattheearlieststagesofdevelopmentthatcanformanybodypart—willcontinueinCalifornia.Withprivatefinancialsupport,thestatewillbelesslikelytolosetalentedscientistswhowouldbetemptedtoleavethefieldorevenleavethecountryasresearchdependentonfederalmoneyslowstoglacial(极其缓慢的)pace.HinderedbylimitsPresidentBushplacedonstemcellresearchayearage,scientistsareturningtolaboratoriesthatcancarryoutworkwithoutusingfederalmoney.Thisisawkwardforuniversities,whichmustspendextramoneybuildingseparatelabsandkeepingrigorcotsrecordsprovingnofederalfundswereinvolved.Grove’sdonation,afirststeptowarda$20milliontargetatUCSF,willeasetheburden.Thepresident’sdecisionayearagotoallowresearchonalreadyexistingstemcelllineswasportrayedasareasonablecompromisebetweenscientists’needsforcellstoworkwith,andconcernsthatthiskindofresearchcouldleadtowholesalecreationanddestructionofhumanembryos(胚胎),clonedinfantsandageneralcontemptforhumanlife.ButBush’sefforttopleasebothsidesendeduppleasingneither.Anditcertainlydidn’tprovidethebasisforcuttingedgeresearch.Ofthe78existingstemcelllineswhichBushsaidareallthatsciencewouldeverneed,onlyoneisinthiscountry(attheUniversityofWisconsin)andonlyfivearereadyfordistributiontoresearchers.Allweregrowninconjunctionwithmousecells,makingfuturetherapeutic(治疗的)usesunlikely.TheBushadministrationseemsbentonsatisfyingthesmallbutvocalgroupofAmericanswhoopposestemcellresearchunderanyconditions.Fortunately,GroveandothersaremoreinterestedinadvancingscientificresearchthatcouldbenefitthelargenumberofAmericanswhosufferfromParkinson’sdisease,nerveinjuries,heartdiseasesandmanyotherproblems.31.WhenAndyGrovedecidedtocuttheGordianknot,hemeatto________.A)putanendtostemcellresearchB)endIntel’srelationswithGordianC)settlethedisputeonstemcellresearchquicklyD)expelGordianfromstemcellresearchforgood32.ForUCSFtocarryonstemcellresearch,newfundshavetocomefrom________.nA)interestedbusinessesandindividualsB)theUnitedStatesfederalgovernmentC)afoundationsetupbytheIntelCompanyD)executivesofleadingAmericancompanies33.AsaresultofthelimitBustplacedonstemcellresearch.Americanuniversitieswill________.A)conducttheresearchinlaboratoriesoverseasB)abandontheresearchaltogetherinthenearfutureC)havetocarryouttheresearchsecretlyD)havetoraisemoneytobuildseparatelabs34.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatfuturetherapeuticusesofstemcellswillbeunlikelyunless________.A)humanstemcellsareusedintheresearchB)alotmoreprivatedonationscanbesecuredC)morefederalmoneyisusedfortheresearchD)talentedscientistsareinvolvedintheresearch35.ThereasonlyingbehindPresidentBush’splacinglimitsonstemcellresearchisthat________.A)hisadministrationisfinanciallypinchedB)hedidnotwanttooffenditsopponentsC)itamountstoacontemptforhumanlifeD)itdidnotpromiseanytherapeuticvaluePassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thislooksliketheyearthathard-pressedtenantsinCaliforniawillrelief-notjustinthemarketplace,wheretentshaveeased,butfromthestatecapitalSacramento.Twosignificanttenantreformsstandagoodchanceofpassage.Onebill,whichwillgivemoretimetotenantsbeingevicted(逐出),willsoonbeheadingtothegovernor’sdesk.Theother,protectingsecuritydeposits,facesavoteintheSenateonMonday.Formorethanacentury,landlordsinCaliforniahavebeenabletoforcetenantsoutwithonly30days’notice.ThatwillnowdoubleunderSB1403,whichgotthroughtheAssemblyrecently.Thenewprotectionwillapplyonlytorenterswhohavebeeninanapartmentforatleastayear.Even60daysinatighthousingmarketwon’tbelongenoughforsomefamiliestofindanapartmentnearwheretheirkidsgotoschool.ButiswillbeanimprovementincitieslikeSanJose,whererentersrightsgroupschargethatunscrupulous(不择手段的)landlordshavekickedouttenantsonshortnoticetoputuptents.TheCaliforniaLandlordsAssociationarguedthatlandlordsshouldn’thavetowait60daystogetridofproblemtenants.ButthebillgainedsupportwhenaJapaneserealestateinvestorsentout30-dayevictionnoticesto550familiesrentinghomesinSacramentoandSantaRosa.ThelandlordslobbyeventuallydroppeditsoppositionandinsteadturneditsforcesagainstAB2330,regardingsecuritydeposits.SponsoredbyAssemblywomanCaroleMigdenofSanFrancisco,thebillwouldestablishaprocedureandatimetablefortenantstogetbacksecuritydeposits.Somelandlordsviewsecuritydepositsasafreemonth’srent,theirsforthetaking.Inmostcases,though,therearehonestdisputesoverdamages-whatconstitutesordinarywearandtearAB2330wouldgiveatenanttherighttorequestawalk-throughwiththelandlordandtomaketherepairsbeforemovingout;reputablelandlordsalreadydothis.Itwouldincreasethepenaltyforfailingtoreturnadeposit.Theoriginalbillwouldhaverequiredthelandlordtopayinterestonthedeposit.Thelandlordslobbyprotestedthatitwouldinvolvetoomuchpaperworkovertoolittlemoney-lessthan$10ayearona$1,000deposit,atcurrentrates.OnWednesday,thesponsordroppedtheinterestsectiontoincreasethechanceofpassage.nEveninitsamendedform,AB2330is,likeSB1403,vitallyimportantfortenantsandshouldbemadestatelaw.36.WelearnfromthepassagethatSB1403willbenefit________.A)long-termrealestateinvestorsB)short-termtenantsinSacramentoC)landlordsintheStateofCaliforniaD)tenantsrentingahouseoverayear37.A60-daynoticebeforeevictionmaynotbeearlyenoughforrentersbecause________.A)movinghouseissomethingdifficulttoarrangeB)appropriatehousingmaynotbereadilyavailableC)moretimeisneededfortheirkids’schoolregistrationD)thefurnishingofthenewhouseoftentakesalongtime38.Veryoftenlandlordsdon’treturntenants’depositsonthepretextthat________.A)theirrenthasnotbeenpaidintimeB)therehasbeenordinarywearandtearC)tenantshavedonedamagetothehouseD)the30-daynoticeformovingoutisover39.WhydidthesponsoroftheAB2330billfinallygiveinontheinterestsection?A)Toputanendtoalengthyargument.B)Tourgelandlordstolobbyforitspassage.C)Tocutdowntheheavypaperworkforitseasypassage.D)TomakeiteasierfortheStateAssemblytopassthebill.40.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat________.A)bothbillsarelikelytobemadestatelawsB)neitherbillwillpassthroughtheAssemblyC)AB2330standsabetterchanceofpassageD)SacramentoandSanJosesupportSB1403PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)orD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatthebestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Greywhaleshavelongbeen________inthenorthAtlanticandhuntingwasanimportantcauseforthat.A)extinctB)extinguishedC)detainedD)deprived42.Hewasgivenmajorresponsibilityforoperatingtheremotemanipulatorto________thenewlylaunchedsatellite.A)retreatB)retrieveC)embodyD)embrace43.Foreignstudentsarefacingunprecedenteddelays,asvisaapplicationsreceivecloser________thanever.A)appraisalB)scanningC)retentionnD)scrutiny44.Ifyouarelatefortheappointment,youmight________theinterviewerandloseyourchanceofbeingaccepted.A)irrigateB)intrigueC)irritateD)intimidate45.Children’sideaofamagickingdomisoftendancersinanimal________astheyhaveoftenseeninDisneyland.A)cushionsB)costumesC)skeletonsD)ornaments46.Eversincethefirstnuclearpowerstationswerebuilt,doubtshave________abouttheirsafety.A)preservedB)survivedC)suspendedD)lingered47.Thisclearlyshowsthatcropsandweedshavequiteanumberof________incommon.A)traitsB)tracesC)tracksD)trails48.FromsciencetoShakespeare,excellenttelevisionandvideoprogramsareavailable________toteacher.A)instockB)instoreC)inoperationD)inabundance49.WhentheItalianpoetDantewas________fromhishomeinFlorence,hedecidedtowalkfromItalytoParistosearchfortherealmeaningoflife.A)exertedB)expiredC)exiledD)exempted50.Habitsacquiredinyouth-notablysmokinganddrinking-mayincreasetheriskof________diseasesinaperson’slaterlife.A)consecutiveB)chronicC)criticalD)cyclical51.F.W.Woolworthwasthefirstbusinessmantoerectatrueskyscraperto________himself,andin1929,A1Smith,aformergovernorofNewYork,soughttooutreachhim.A)portrayB)proclaimC)exaggerateD)commemorate52.Tolabeltheirproduceasorganic,farmershavetoobtainacertificateshowingthatno________chemicalshavenbeenusedtokillpestsonthefarmfortwoyears.A)toxicB)tragicC)nominalD)notorious53.AncientGreekgymnasticstrainingprogramswereconsideredtobean________partofthechildren’seducation.A)intactB)integralC)inclusiveD)infinite54.Researchershavefoundthathappinessdoesn’tappeartobeanyone’s;thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.A)disposalB)domainC)heritageD)hostage55.Wewantoutchildrentohavemorethanjobskills;wewanttheirlivestobe________andtheirperspectivestobebroadened.A)envisagedB)excelledC)exceededD)enriched56.Onlineschools,which________theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.A)stirupB)switchonC)catertoD)consentto57.Thiskindofsongbirdsleepsmuchlessduringitsannual________,butthatdoesn’tseemtoaffectitsflying.A)migrationB)emigrationC)conveyanceD)transference58.Thedevelopingnationswantrichcountriestohelpshoulderthecostof________forests.A)updatingB)upgradingC)conservingD)constructing59.Inthestudy,researcherssucceededindetermininghowcoffee________differentareasofthebrainin15volunteers.A)integratedB)motivatedC)illuminatedD)activated60.Theyaretryingto________theriskasmuchastheycanbymakingamorethoroughinvestigationofthenmarket.A)minimizeB)harmonizeC)summarizeD)jeopardize61.Thecyclesofthesunandmoonaresimple,butforceswhichhaveshapedhumanlivessincethebeginning.A)franticB)giganticC)sensationalD)maximum62.Aneffortwaslaunchedrecentlytocreatethefirstcomputer________oftheentirehumanbrain.A)repetitionB)repressionC)saturationD)simulation63.Inthefaceofthedisaster,theworldhasunitedtoaidmillionsof________peopletryingtopiecetheirlivesbacktogether.A)fragileB)primitiveC)vulnerableD)susceptible64.AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationsinwhichAIDSismost________.A)relevantB)prevalentC)vigorousD)rigorous65.Aftertheearthquake,aworlddividedby________andreligiousdisputessuddenlyfaceditscommonhumanityinthisshockingdisaster.A)eligibleB)engagedC)proneD)prospective66.Psychologistssuggestthatchildrenwhoareshyaremore________todevelopdepressionandanxietylaterinlife.A)eligibleB)engagedC)proneD)prospective67.Initially,thescientistsandengineersseemed________bythevarietyofresponsespeoplecanmaketoapoem.A)reinforcedB)embarrassedC)depressedD)bewildered68.Isitpossibletostopdrug________inthecountrywithinaveryshorttime?nA)adoptionB)addictionC)contemplationD)compulsion69.TheparentsofLindsay,13,an________tennisplayerwhospendseighthoursadayonthecourt,admitthataregularschoolisnotanoptionfortheirdaughter.A)exoticB)equivalentC)eliteD)esthetic70.Ourresearchconfirmedthe________thatwhenchildrenhavemanydifferentcaregiversimportantaspectsoftheirdevelopmentareliabletobeoverlooked.A)hypothesisB)hierarchyC)synthesisD)syndromePartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmake(^)intherightplaceandwritethemissingworldintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.注意：题目印刷在答题卡上，请用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上作答。Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______Themostimportantstartingpointforimprovingtheunderstandingofsilenceisundoubtedlyanadequatescientificeducationatschool.Publicattitudestowardsscienceowemuchthewayscienceistaughtinthese(S1)institutions.Today,schooliswhatmostpeoplecomeinto(S2)contactwithaformalinstructionandexplanationofscienceforthefirsttime,atleastinasystematicway.Itisatthispointwhichthefoundationsarelaidforaninterestinscience.(S3)Whatistaught(andhow)inthisfirstencounterwilllargelydetermineanindividual’sviewofthesubjectinadultlife.Understandingtheoriginalofthenegativeattitudes(S4)towardssciencemayhelpustomodifythem.Mosteducationsystemneglectexploration,understandingandreflection.(S5)Teachersinschoolstendtopresentscienceasacollectionoffacts,oftenbymoredetailthannecessary.Asaresult,(S6)childrenmemorizeprocessessuchasmathematicalformulasortheperiodictable,onlytoforgetitshortlyafterwards.The(S7)taskoflearningfactsandconcepts,oneatatime,makeslearninglaborious,boringandefficient.Suchapurely(S8)empiricalapproach,whichconsistsofobservationanddescription,isalso,inasense,unscientificorincomplete.Thereisthereforeaneedforresourcesandmethodsofteachingthatfacilitatesadeepunderstandingofsciencein(S9)anenjoyableway.Scienceshouldnotonlybe“fun”inthesamewayasplayingavideogame,but‘hardfun’—deepfeelingofconnectionmadepossiblyonlyimaginative(S10)engagement.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheCelebrationofWesternFestivals.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日n2.产生这种现象的原因3.这种现象可能带来的影响TheCelebrationofWesternFestivals.2006年12月23日六级参考答案PartIListeningComprehension1.B2.A3.C4.C5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B10.A11.D12.C13.A14.A15.B16.C17.D18.A19.B20.DPartIIReadingComprehension21.A22.D23.C24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.A35.B36.D37.B38.C39.D40.APartIIIVocabulary41.A42.B43.D44.C45.B46.D47.A48.D49.C50.B51.D52.A53.B54.C55.D56.C57.A58.C59.D60.A61.B62.D63.C64.B65.A66.C67.D68.B69.C70.APartIVErrorCorrectionS1.在much和theway间插入toS2.what→whereS3.which→thatS4.original→originS5.system→systemsS6.by→inS7.it→themS8.efficient→inefficientS9.facilitates→facilitateS10.possibly→possible2006年12月23日六级听力原文1.W:DoyouknowwhyMaryhassuchalongfacetoday?M:Idon’thavethefoggiestidea!Sheshouldbehappyespeciallysinceshegotapromotionyesterday.nQ:Whatdidthespeakersmean?2.M:Hi,Johanna!AreyouinterestedingoingtoanArtExhibitiononSunday?Afriendofmineisshowingsomeofherpaintingsthere.It’stheopeningnight.Freedrinksandfood!W:Well,actually,Idon’thaveanythingplanned.Itsoundskindoffun!Q:WhatdidthemaninvitethewomantodoonSunday?3.M:Youdidanexcellentjobinschool!Youwereindeedagreatstudent!Wheredidyourdrivecomefrom?W:Academicachievementswereimportanttomyparentsasimmigrants.Educationiswhereitallbegins.Mymotherinparticulartriestogetmeinterestedinschool.Q:whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?4.M:IheartheSunflowerHealthClubonThirdStreetisgood!W:Notrightnow!Iusedtogothere.Ithoughtitwasgreatbecauseitwasrealcheap.Buttheproblemwasitwasalwayscrowded.Sometimes,Ihadtowaittousethemachines.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheSunflowerhealthclub?5.W:Tomisveryexcited!Justyesterdayhereceivedhisdoctoraldegreeandinafewminuteshe’llbeputtingtheringonSarah’sfinger.M:He’sreallysuchaluckdog!SarahisalovelybrideandtonighttheyaregoingtoHawaiiontheirhoneymoon!Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?6.W:Yourchemistryexaminationisover,isn’tit?Whydoyoustilllooksoworried?M:Idon’tknow.Itwasn’tthatthequestionsweretoohard,ortheyweretoomanyofthem.ButI’mstillfeelinguneasybecausetheexamdidn’tseemtohavemuchtodowiththecoursematerial.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.W:Yourwifetoldmethatyoueatoutfourorfivetimesaweek,Ireallyenvyyou!M:Don’tenvyme!It’sforbusiness.Infact,I’msickandtiredofrestaurantfood!Sometimes,Ijustpreferahome-cookedmeal.Q:Whydoesthemansayheofteneatsout?8.W:IwasamazedwhenIheardTonyplayedpianosoexpertly!Fromthewayhetalked,Ithoughthewasjuststartinghislessons.M:Oh,no!That’sthewayhealwaystalks!Q:WhatcanweinferaboutTonyfromtheconversation?9.M:WhatdoyouthinkofpeoplesuingMcDonaldsformakingthemfat?W:Well.Itsfooddoesn’tmakeyoufat.Buteatingtoomuchofitdoes!Howaboutchocolateandicecream?Aretheyallresponsible?It’ssilly!Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthelawsuitagainstMcDonalds?10.M:I’mterriblysorryma’am,butyourflighthasbeencancelled.Iwon’tbeabletoputyouonanotheroneuntiltomorrowmorning.W:Well,Icertainlyhopetheairline’sgoingtoputmeupsomewheretonight.Q:Whatdidthewomanrequesttheairlinedo?PassageoneYouhaveprobablyheardoftheDuPontCompany,whichwasfoundedbyafamilyofthesamename.Butdoyouknowaboutthemuseumthatoneofthefamilymembersbegan?HenryFrancisDuPontwasanheirtoDelaware’sDuPontCompanyfortune.HewasoneofthefirstseriouscollectorsofAmericandecorativeartobjects:furniture,textiles,paintingsandotherobjectsmadeinUnitedStatesbetween1640and1840.AmericanfurnitureandhouseholdobjectshadbeenconsideredinferiortothosefromEurope.ButDuPonthelpeddevelopedanewappreciationforAmericandecorativearts.HecreatedalegendaryshowplaysfortheseobjectsonhisfamilyestatejustoutsideWilmington,Delaware.In1951,itwasopentothepublicastheHenryFrancisDuPontWinterthurMuseum.ThenmuseumassembledobjectsfromDuPont’scollectioninto175periodrooms,eachwithexamplesofAmericanantiquesanddecorativeartsthatfollowedacertainthemeofperiodinearlyAmericanhistory.Forexample,theDuPontdiningroomhasfurnituredatingfromthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.AndbecausethiswasthetimewhentheUnitedStatesbecameanewnation,there’sapatrioticthemeintheroom.AnotherexampleistheChineseparlor,whichhasfurnishingsthatwouldreflectAmerican’sfascinationwithAsiancultureduringthe18thcentury.Intheseperiodrooms,DuPontbelievedhecouldtellthestoryoftheearlyUnitedStatesthroughfurnitureandotherdecorativearts.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhatisHenryFrancisDuPontnotedfor?12.WhatwasthepurposeofDuPont’sefforts?13.Howweretheobjectsondisplayarranged?PassageTwoAccordingtoDavidGrattle,aBritishlanguageexpert,theideathatEnglishwillbecometheworldlanguageisoutdated.Andpeoplearemorelikelytoswitchbetweentwoormorelanguagesforroutinecommunicationinthefuture.Theshareoftheworld’spopulationthatspeaksEnglishasanativelanguageisfalling.Instead,Englishwillplayagrowingroleasasecondlanguage.ApopulationspeakingmorethanonelanguageisalreadythecaseinmuchoftheworldandisbecomingmorecommonintheUnitedStates.Indeed,thecensusbureaureportedlastyearthatnearlyoneAmericaninfivespeaksalanguageotherthanEnglishathome,withSpanishtakingthelead,followedbyChinese.GrattleworksforBritishconsultingandpublishingbusiness.HeanticipatesaworldwiththeshareofpeoplewhoarenativeEnglishspeakersslipsfrom9%inthemid1990sto5%in2050.Grattlesays,“Upuntil1995,Englishwasthesecondmostcommonnativetongueintheworld,trailingonlyChinese.By2050,ChinesewillcontinueitspredominancewithHindiWoodooofIndiaandArabicclimbingpastEnglishandSpanishnearlyequaltoit.”Incontrast,anAmericanlanguageexpert,DavidHarrisonnotedthattheglobalshareofEnglishismuchlargerifyoucountsecondlanguagespeakers,andwillcontinuetoriseevenastheproportionofnativespeakersdeclines.HarrisondisputedlistingArabicintopthreelanguagesbecausevarietiesofArabicspokeninsuchcountriesasEgyptandMoroccoaremutuallyincomprehensible.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.WhatdoesDavidGrattlesayabouttheuseoflanguagesfordailycommunicationinthefuture?15.Whydoesn’tDavidHarrisonincludeArabicasoneofthetopthreelanguages?16.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?PassageThreeThereareabout1millionblindpeopleintheUnitedStates.ThelargestandmostinfluentialorganizationofblindpeopleinthiscountryistheNationalFederationoftheBlind.Itsofficialssaythenationdoesn’thaveanycollegesoruniversitiesthatserveonlyblindstudents.Theysaythereasonforthisisthatblindpeoplemustlearntoliveamongpeoplewhocansee.Americancollegesanduniversitiesdoacceptblindandvisuallyimpairedstudents,andtheyprovideservicestohelpthesestudentssucceed.Forexample,collegesfindpeoplewhowritedownwhattheprofessorsayinclassandtheyprovidetechnologythatcanhelpblindstudentswiththeirwork.However,expertssaycollegescanbesthelpblindstudentsbymakingitclearthatthestudentsshouldlearntohelpthemselves.OneblindAmericanstudentnamedTrecentlymadenewsbecausehegraduatedfrommedicalschoolfromtheUniversityofWisconsin.Hesaidtechnologywasoneofthereasonshesucceeded.Heusedacomputerthatreadintohisearphonewhathewastyping.Healsousedasmallprinterthatpermittedhimtowritenotesabouthispatientsinthehospital.HedidhisundergraduateworkattheUniversityofNotreDameinSouthBend,Indiana.NationalFederationoftheBlindofficialssayblindstudentsfromothernationsdocometotheUnitedStatestoattendcollege.Somecanevengetfinancialaid.TheFederationawardsabout30scholarshipseachyearthathavenocitizenshiprequirement.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.n17.AccordingtoofficialsoftheNationalFederationoftheBlind,whyaretherenospecialcollegesforblindstudentsonly?18.Accordingtoexpertshowcancollegesbesthelpblindstudents?19.WhatisoneofthereasonsgivenbyTasablindstudentforhissuccess?20.WhatcanblindstudentsfromoverseasdotostudyinAmericaaccordingtotheNationalFederationoftheBlind?2006年12月24日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheImportanceofReadingClassics.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要2.现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是…3.我们大学生应该怎么做TheImportanceofReadingClassicsPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-4,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SpaceTourismMakeyourreservationsnow.Thespacetourismindustryisofficiallyopenforbusiness,andticketsaregoingforamere$20millionforaone-weekstayinspace.DespitereluctancefromNationalAirandSpaceAdministration(NASA)，RussiamadeAmericanbusinessmanDennisTitotheworld’sfirstspacetourist.TitoflewintospaceaboardaRussianSoyuzrocketthatarrivedattheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)onApril30,2001.Thesecondspacetourist,SouthAfricanbusinessmanMarkShuttleworth,tookoffaboardtheRussianSoyuzonApril25,2002,alsoboundfortheISS.LanceBassof‘NSyncwassupposedtobethethirdtomakethe$20milliontrip,buthedidnotjointhethree-mancrewastheyblastedoffonOctober30,2002,duetolackofpayment.ProbablythemostincredibleaspectofthisproposedspacetourwasthatNASAapprovedofit.Thesetripsarethebeginningofwhatcouldbeaprofitable21stcenturyindustry.Therearealreadyseveralspacetourismcompaniesplanningtobuildsuborbitalvehiclesandorbitalcitieswithinthenexttwodecades.Thesecompanieshaveinvestedmillions,believingthatthespacetourismindustryisonthevergeoftakingoff.In1997,NASApublishedareportconcludingthatsellingtripsintospacetoprivatecitizenscouldbeworthbillionsofdollars.AJapanesereportsupportsthesefindings,andprojectsthatspacetourismcouldbea$10billionperyearindustrywithinthenexttwodecades.Theonlyobstaclestoopeningupspacetotouristsarethespaceagencies,whoareconcernedwithsafetyandthedevelopmentofareliable,reusablelaunchvehicle.SpaceAccommodationsRussia’sMirspacestationwassupposedtobethefirstdestinationforspacetourists.ButinMarch2001，theRussianAerospaceAgencybroughtMirdownintothePacificOcean.Asitturnedout,bringingdownMironlytemporarilydelayedthefirsttouristtripintospace.nTheMircrashdidcancelplansforanewreality-basedgameshowfromNBC,whichwasgoingtobecalledDestinationMir.TheSurvivor-likeTVshowwasscheduledtoairinfall2001,ParticipantsontheshowweretogothroughtrainingatRussia’scosmonaut(宇航员)trainingcenter,StarCity.Eachweek,oneoftheparticipantswouldbeeliminatedfromtheshow,withthewinnerreceivingatriptotheMirspacestation.TheMircrashhasruledoutNBC’sspaceplansfornow.NASAisagainstbeginningspacetourismuntiltheInternationalSpaceStationiscompletedin2006.Russiaisnotaloneinitsinterestinspacetourism.Thereareseveralprojectsunderwaytocommercializespacetravel.Hereareafewofthegroupsthatmighttaketouriststospace:lSpaceIslandGroupisgoingtobuildaring-shaped,rotating“commercialspaceinfrastructure(基础结构)”thatwillresembletheDiscoveryspacecraftinthemovie“2001:ASpaceOdyssey.”SpaceIslandsaysitwillbuilditsspacecityoutofemptyNASAspace-shuttlefueltanks(tostart,itshouldtakearound12orso),andplaceitabout400milesaboveEarth.Thespacecitywillrotateonceperminutetocreateagravitationalpullone-thirdasstrongasEarth’s.lAccordingtotheirvisionstatement.SpaceAdventuresplansto“flytensofthousandofpeopleinspaceoverthenext10-15yearsandbeyond,aroundthemoon,andback,fromspaceportsbothonEarthandinspace,toandfromprivatespacestations,andboarddozenofdifferentvehicles...”lEvenHiltonHotelshasshowninterestinthespacetourismindustryandpossibilityofbuildingorco-fundingaspacehotel.However,thecompanydidsaythatitbelievessuchaspacehotelis15to20yearsaway.Initially,spacetourismwilloffersimpleaccommodationsatbest.Forinstance,iftheInternationalSpaceStationisusedasatouristattraction,guestswon’tfindtheluxurioussurroundingsofahotelroomonEarth.Ithasbeendesignedforconductingresearch,notentertainment.However,thefirstgenerationofspacehotelsshouldoffertouristsamuchmorecomfortableexperience.InregardtoaconceptforaspacehotelinitiallyplannedbySpaceIsland,suchahotelcouldofferguestseveryconveniencetheymightfindatahotelonEarth,andsometheymightnot.Thesmallgravitationalpullcreatedbytherotatingspacecitywouldallowspace-touristsandresidentstowalkaroundandfunctionfacilitieswouldbepossible.Additionally,spacetouristswouldevenbeabletotakespacewalks.Manyofthesecompaniesbelievethattheyhavetoofferanextremelyenjoyableexperienceinorderforpassengerstopaythousands,ifnotmillions,ofdollarstorideintospace.Sowillspacecreateanotherseparationbetweenthehavesandhave-nots?TheMostExpensiveVacationWillspacebeanexoticretreatreservedforonlythewealthy?Orwillmiddle-classfolkshaveachancetotaketheirfamiliestospace?Makenomistakeaboutit,goingtospacewillbethemostexpensivevacationyouevertake.Pricesrightnowareinthetensofmillionsofdollars.Currently,theonlyvehiclesthatcantakeyouintospacearethespaceshuttleandtheRussianSoyuz,bothofwhichareterriblyinefficient.Eachspacecraftrequiresmillionsofpoundsoffueltotakeoffintospace,whichmakesthemexpensivetolaunch.Onepoundofpayload(有效载重)costsabout$10,000toputintoEarth’sorbit.NASAandLockheedMartinarecurrentlydevelopingasingle-stage-to-orbitlaunchspaceplane,calledtheVentureStar,thatcouldbelaunchedforaboutatenthofwhatthespaceshuttlecoststolaunch.IftheVentureStartakesoff,thenumberofpeoplewhocouldaffordtotakeatripintospacewouldmoveintothemillions.In1998,ajointreportfromNASAandtheSpaceTransportationAssociationstatedthatimprovementsintechnologycouldpushfaresforspacetravelaslowas$50,000,andpossiblydownto$20,000or$10,000adecadelater.Thereportconcludedthataticketpriceof$50,000,therecouldbe500,000passengersflyingintospaceeachyear.Whilestillleavingoutmanypeople,thesepriceswouldopenupspacetoatremendousamountoftraffic.Sincethebeginningofthespacerace,thegeneralpublichassaid,“Isn’tthatgreat—whendoIgettogo?”Well,ourchancemightbecloserthanever.Withinthenext20years,spaceplanescouldbetakingofffortheMoonatthesamenfrequencyasairplanesflyingbetweenNewYorkandLosAngles.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.LanceBasswasn’tabletogoonatourofspacebecauseofhealthproblems.2.Severaltourismcompaniesbelievespacetravelisgoingtobeanewprofitableindustry.3.Thespaceagenciesarereluctanttoopenupspacetotourists.4.TwoAustralianbillionaireshavebeenplacedonthewaitinglistforenteringspaceasprivatepassengers.5.Thepriceforthewinnerinthefall2001NBATVgameshowwouldhavebeen________.6.HiltonHotelsbelievesitwon’tbelongbeforeitispossibletobuilda________.7.Inorderforspacetouriststowalkaroundandfunctionnormally,itisnecessaryforthespacecitytocreatea________.8.Whatmakinggoingtospacethemostexpensivevacationistheenormouscostinvolvedin________.9.Eachyear500,000spacetouristscouldbeflyingintospaceifticketpricescouldbeloweredto________.10.Withinthenexttwodecades,________couldbeasintercityairtravel.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Dr.Smith’swaitingroomisn’ttidy.B)Dr.Smithenjoysreadingmagazines.C)Dr.Smithhasleftagoodimpressiononher.D)Dr.Smithmaynotbeagoodchoice.12.A)Themanwillrenttheapartmentwhenitisavailable.B)Themanmadeabargainwiththelandladyovertherent.C)Themaninsistsonhavingalookattheapartmentfirst.D)Themanisnotfullysatisfiedwiththeapartment.13.A)Packinguptogoabroad.B)DrawingupaplanforherEnglishcourse.C)BrushinguponherEnglish.D)ApplyingforavisatotheUnitedSates.14.A)Heisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodpressure.B)Hedoesn’tthinkhighbloodpressureisaproblemforhim.C)Hewasnotawareofhisillnessuntildiagnosedwithit.D)Hedidnottakethesymptomsofhisillnessseriously.15.A)ToinvestigatethecauseofAIDS.B)ToraisemoneyforAIDSpatients.C)TorallysupportforAIDSvictimsinAfrica.D)TodrawattentiontothespreadofAIDSinAsia.16.A)Ithasaverylonghistory.B)Itisaprivateinstitution.C)ItwasfoundedbyThomasJefferson.D)Itstressesthecomprehensivestudyofnature.n17.A)Theycan’tfitintothemachine.B)Theyhavenotbeendeliveredyet.C)Theyweresenttothewrongaddress.D)Theywerefoundtobeofthewrongtype.18.A)Thefoodservedinthecafeteriausuallylacksvariety.B)Thecafeteriasometimesprovidesrarefoodforthestudents.C)Thestudentsfindtheserviceinthecafeteriasatisfactory.D)Thecafeteriatrieshardtocatertothestudents’needs.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hepickedupsomeapplesinhisyard.B)Hecutsomebranchesofftheappletree.C)Hequarreledwithhisneighboroverthefence.D)Hecleanedupallthegarbageinthewoman’syard.20.A)Trimtheappletreesinheryard.B)Pickuptheapplesthatfellinheryard.C)Takethegarbagetothecurbforher.D)Removethebranchesfromheryard.21.A)Filealawsuitagainsttheman.B)Askthemanforcompensation.C)Havetheman’sappletreecutdown.D)Throwgarbageintotheman’syard.22.A)Hewasreadytomakeaconcession.B)Hewasnotintimidated.C)Hewasnotpreparedtogotocourt.D)Hewasabitconcerned.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Badweather.B)Breakdownoftheengines.C)Humanerror.D)Failureofthecommunicationssystem.24.A)Twothousandfeet.B)Twentythousandfeet.C)Twelvethousandfeet.D)Twenty-twothousandfeet.25.A)Accuratecommunicationisofutmostimportance.B)Pilotsshouldbeabletospeakseveralforeignlanguages.C)Aircontrollersshouldkeepaclosewatchontheweather.D)Cooperationbetweenpilotsandaircontrollersisessential.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicemarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOnenQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Hisfathercaughtaseriousdisease.B)Hismotherpassedaway.C)Hismotherlefthimtomarryarichbusinessman.D)Hisfathertooktodrinking.27.A)Hedislikedbeingdisciplined.B)Hecouldn’tpayhisgamblingdebts.C)Hewasexpelledbytheuniversity.D)Heenjoyedworkingforamagazine.28.A)HispoemsareheavilyinfluencedbyFrenchwriters.B)HisstoriesaremainlysetintheStateofVirginia.C)Hisworkdifficulttoread.D)Hidlanguageisnotrefined.29.A)Hegrievedtodeathoverthelossofhiswife.B)Hecommittedsuicideforunknownreasons.C)Hewasshotdeadattheageof40.D)Hediedofheavydrinking.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Women.B)Manualworkers.C)Prisoners.D)Schoolagechildren.31.A)Hetaughthisstudentshowtopronouncethelettersfirst.B)Hematchedtheletterswiththesoundsfamiliartothelearners.C)Heshowedthelearnershowtocombinethelettersintosimplewords.D)Hedividedthelettersintogroupsaccordingtothewaytheyarewritten.32.A)Itcanhelppeopletobecomeliteratewithinashorttime.B)ItwasoriginallydesignedforteachingtheEnglishlanguage.C)Itenablesthelearnerstomasteralanguagewithinthreemonths.D)ItiseffectiveinteachinganyalphabeticallanguagetoBrazilians.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Thecrop’sbloomingperiodisdelayed.B)Therootsofcropsarecutoff.C)Thetopsoilisseriouslydamaged.D)Thegrowthofweedsisaccelerated.34.A)It’sanewwayofapplyingchemicalfertilizer.B)It’sanimprovedmethodofharvestingcrops.C)It’sancreativetechniqueforsavinglabor.D)It’safarmingprocesslimitingtheuseofploughs.35.A)Inareaswithfewweedsandunwantedplants.B)Inareaswithaseversshortageofwater.C)Inareaslackinginchemicalfertilizer.D)Inareasdependentonimportedfood.nSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Adultsaregettingsmarterabouthowsmartbabiesare.Notlongago,researcherslearnedthat4-day-oldscouldunderstand(36)________andsubtraction.Now,Britishresearch(37)________GrahamSchaferhasdiscoveredthatinfantscanlearnwordsforuncommonthingslongbeforetheycanspeak.Hefoundthat9-month-oldinfantscouldbetaught,throughrepeatedshow-and-tell,to(38)________thenamesofobjectsthatwereforeigntothem,aresultthat(39)________insomewaysthereceived(40)________that,apartfromlearningto(41)________thingscommontotheirdailylives,childrendon’tbegintobuildvocabularyuntilwellintotheirsecondyear.“It’sno(42)________thatchildrenlearnwords,butthewordstheytendtoknowarewordslinkedto(43)________situationsinthehome,”explainsSchafer.“(44)________________________________withanunfamiliarvoicegivinginstructionsinanunfamiliarsetting.”Figuringouthowhumansacquirelanguagemayshedlightonwhysomechildrenlearntoreadandwritelaterthanothers,Schafersays,andcouldleadtobettertreatmentsfordevelopmentalproblems.(45)________________________________.“Languageisatestcaseforhumancognitivedevelopment,”saysSchafer.Butparentseagertoteachtheirinfantsshouldtakenote(46)________________________________.“Thisisnotaboutadvancingdevelopment,”hesays.“It’sjustaboutwhatchildrencandoatanearlieragethanwhateducatorshaveoftenthought.”PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I’veheardfromandtalkedtomanypeoplewhodescribedhowMotherNaturesimplifiedtheirlivesforthem.They’dlosttheirhomeandmanyoralloftheirpossessionsthroughfires,floods,earthquakes,orsomeotherdisaster.Losingeverythingyouownundersuchcircumstancescanbedistressing,butthepeopleI’veheardfromallsawtheirloss,ultimatelyasablessing.“Thefiresavedustheagonyofdecidingwhattokeepandwhattogetridof,”onewomanwrote.Andonceallthosethingswerenolongerthere,sheandherhusbandsawhowtheyhadweighedthemdownandcomplicatetheirlives.“Therewassomuchstuffweneverusedandthatwasjusttakingupspace.Wevowedwhenwestartedover,we’dreplaceonlywhatweneeded,andthistimewe’ddoitright.We’vekeptourpromise:wedon’thavemuchnow,butwhatwehaveisexactlywhatwewant.”Thoughwe’veneverhadacatastrophiclosssuchasthat,GibbsandIdidhaveaclosecallshortlybeforewedecidedtosimplify.Atthattimewelivedinafirezone.Onenightafirestormragesthroughanddestroyedoversixhundredhomesinourcommunity.Thattragedygaveustheopportunitytolookobjectivelyatthegoodswe’daccumulated.Wesawthattherewassomuchwecouldgetridofandonlynevermiss,butbebetteroffwithout.Havingalmostlostitall,wefounditmucheasiertoletgoofthethingsweknewwe’dneveruseagain.Obviously,there’satremendousdifferencebetweengettingridofpossessionsandlosingthemthroughanaturaldisasterwithouthavingasayinthematter.Andthisisnottominimizethetragedyandpainsuchalosscangenerate.nButyoumightthinkabouthowyouwouldapproachtheacquisitionprocessifyouhadittodoalloveragain.Lookaroundyourhomeandmakealistofwhatyouwouldreplace.Makeanotherlistofthingsyouwouldn’tacquireagainnomatterwhat,andinfactwouldbehappytoberidof.Whenyou’rereadytostartunloadingsomeofyourstuff,thatlistwillbeagoodplacetostart.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Manypeoplewhosepossessionsweredestroyedinnaturaldisasterseventuallyconsideredtheirloss________.48.Nowthatalltheirpossessionswerelostinthefire,thewomanandherhusbandfeltthattheirliveshadbeen________.49.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’shousefromthesentence“Gibbsanddidhaveaclosecall...”(Line1-2,Para.4)?50.Accordingtotheauthor,gettingridofpossessionsandlosingthemthroughanaturaldisasterarevastly________.51.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledowithunnecessarythings?SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive,”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons(神经元)deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale(扁桃核).LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.Theamygdalereceivesinputfrommanypartsofthebrain,includingregionsresponsibleforretrievingmemories.Usingthisinformation,theamygdaleappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.Thesesignalsproducethefamiliarsignsofdistress:trembling,perspirationandfast-movingfeet,justtonamethree.Thisfearmechanismiscriticaltothesurvivalofallanimals,butnoonecansayforsurewhetherbeastsotherthanhumansknowthey’reafraid.Thatis,asLeDouxsays,“ifyouputthatsystemintoabrainthathasconsciousness,thenyougetthefeelingoffear.”Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Combinethesehigherthoughtprocesseswithourhardwireddanger-detectionsystems,andyougetanear-universalhumanphenomenon:worry.That’snotnecessarilyabadthing,saysHallowell.“Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice,”hesays.Afterall,alittlehealthyworryingisokayifitleadstoconstructiveaction—likehavingadoctorlookatthatweirdspotonyourback.Hallowellinsists,though,thatthere’sarightwaytoworry.“Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan.”Hesays.Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworrieslastfallbyaskingdoctorsforCipro(抗炭疽菌的药物)andbuyinggasmasks.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.The“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”(Line2,Para.1)refersto“________”.nA)thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defenseevolvesB)theinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdangerC)theactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquickdecisionD)theelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievinginformation53.FromthestudiesconductedbyLeDouxwelearnthat________.A)reactionsofhumansandanimalstodangeroussituationsareoftenunpredictableB)memoriesofsignificanteventsenablepeopletocontrolfearanddistressC)people’sunpleasantmemoriesarederivedfromtheirfeelingoffearD)theamygdaleplaysavitalpartinhumanandanimalresponsestopotentialdanger54.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A)alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledproperlyB)alittleworrywillenableustosurvivearecessionC)fearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivedangerD)fearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfutureevents55.WhichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodealwithyourworriesaccordingtoHallowell?A)Askforhelpfromthepeoplearoundyou.B)Usethebelt-tighteningstrategiesforsurvival.C)Seekprofessionaladviceandtakeaction.D)Understandthesituationandbefullyprepared.56.InHallowell’sview,people’sreactiontotheterroristthreatlastfallwas________.A)ridiculousB)understandableC)over-cautiousD)sensiblePassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks(骗子).AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudents’overwhelminglostformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,”hesays.“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics(伦理学)coursesatall.”Etzioniexpressedhisfrustrationabouttheinterestsofhisgraduatestudents.“Byandlarge,IclearlyhadnotfoundawaytohelpclassesfullofMBAsseethatthereismoretolifethanmoney,power,fameandself-interest.”Hewroteatthetime.Todayhestilltakestheblamefornoteducatingthese“business-leaders-to-be.”“IreallylikeIfailedthem,”hesays.“IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereachedthem.”EtzioniwasarespectedethicsexpertwhenhearrivedatHarvard.Hehopedhisworkattheuniversitywouldgivehiminsightintohowquestionsofmoralitycouldbeappliedtoplaceswhereself-interestflourished.Whathefoundwasn’tencouraging.Thosewouldbeexecutiveshad,saysEtzioni,littleinterestinconceptsofethicsandmoralityintheboardroom—andtheirprofessorwasmetwithblankstareswhenheurgedhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.EtzioniseestheexperienceatHarvardasaneye-openingoneandsaysthere’smuchaboutbusinessschoolsthathe’dliketochange.“Alotofthefacultyteachingbusinessarebadnewsthemselves,”Etzionisays.Fromofferingclassesthatteachstudentshowtolegallymanipulatecontracts,toreinforcingthenotionofprofitovercommunityinterests,Etzionihasseenalotthat’slefthimshakinghishead.Andbecauseofwhathe’sseentaughtinbusinessschools,he’snotsurprisedbythelatestrashofcorporatescandals.“Inmanywaysthingshavegotalotworseatbusinessschools,Isuspect,”saysEtzioni.nEtzioniisstillteachingthesociologyofrightandwrongandstillcallingforethicalbusinessleadership.“Peoplewithpoormotiveswillalwaysexist.”Hesays.“Sometimesenvironmentsconstrainthosepeopleandsometimesenvironmentsgivethosepeopleopportunity.”Etzionisaystheboomingeconomyofthelastdecadeenabledthoseindividualswithpoormotivestogetrichbeforegettingintrouble.Hishopenow:thatthecriesforreformwillprovidemorefertilesoilforhislong-standingmessagesaboutbusinessethics.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBAstudents?A)Theirkeeninterestinbusinesscourses.B)Theirintensedesireformoney.C)Theirtacticsformakingprofits.D)Theirpotentialtobecomebusinessleaders.58.WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Line4,Para.2)?A)Hewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporatemalpractice.B)Hedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.C)Hecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinbusiness.D)Hedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-be.59.Mostwould-beexecutivesattheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievedthat________.A)questionsofmoralitywereofutmostimportanceinbusinessaffairsB)self-interestshouldnotbethetoppriorityinbusinessdealingsC)newanddifferentprinciplesshouldbetaughtatbusinessschoolsD)therewasnoplaceforethicsandmoralityinbusinessdealings60.InEtzioni’sview,thelatestrashofcorporatescandalscouldbeattributedto________.A)thetendencyinbusinessschoolstostressself-interestoverbusinessethicsB)theexecutives’lackofknowledgeinlegallymanipulatingcontractsC)theincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninthemodernbusinessworldD)themoralcorruptionofbusinessschoolgraduates61.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A)thecallsforreformwillhelppromotebusinessethicsB)businessmenwithpoormotiveswillgaintheupperhandC)businessethicscoursesshouldbetaughtinallbusinessschoolsD)reforminbusinessmanagementcontributestoeconomicgrowthPartVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods╱.1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshaving╱usedforthestudyofliteratureas2.______________aschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.______the______TheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsrecentlyreleasedtheresultsofits“ReadingatRisk”survey,whichdescribedthemovementoftheAmericanpublicawayfrombooksandliteratureandtowardtelevisionandelectronicmedia.Accordingtothesurvey,“readingisonthedeclineonevery(62)region,withineveryethnicgroup,andateveryneducationallevel.”ThedaytheNEAreportreleased,theU.S.House,inatie(63)Vote,upheldthegovernment’srighttoobtainbookstoreandlibraryrecordsunderaprovisionoftheUSAPatriotAct.TheHouseproposalwouldhavebarredthefederalgovernment(64)fromdemandlibraryrecords,readinglists,bookcustomerlistsandothermaterialinterrorismandintelligenceinvestigations.Thesetwoeventsarecompletelyunrelatedto,yetthey(65)echoeachotherinthemessagetheysendabouttheplaceofbooksandreadinginAmericanculture.Attheheart(66)oftheNEAsurveyisthebeliefinourdemocraticSystemdependsonleaderswhocanthinkcritically,analyze(67)textsanddiscussingbooksandliterature.Atthesametime,throughaprovisionofthePatriotAct,theleadersofourcountryareunconsciouslysendingthemessagethatreading(68)maybeconnectedtodesirableactivitiesthatmightundermineoursystemofgovernmentratherthanhelpingdemocracyflourish.Ourculture’sdeclineinreadingbeginwellbeforethe(69)existenceofthePatriotAct.Duringthe1980s’culturewars,schoolsystemsacrossthecountrypulledsomebooksfrom(70)libraryshelvesbecauseitscontentwasdeemedbyparentsandteacherstobeinappropriate.Nowwhatstartedinschoolsacrossthecountryisplayingitselfoutonanationstageand(71)ispossiblyhavinganimpactonthereadinghabitsoftheAmericanpublic.PartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。72.Ifyouhad________(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦).73.Withtearsonherface,thelady________(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室).74.Aftertheterroristattack,tourists________(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游).75.Iprefertocommunicatewithmycustomers________(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话).76.________(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.2006年12月24日六级参考答案1.N2.Y3.Y4.NG5.atriptotheMirSpaceStation6.aspacehotel7.smallgravitationpull8.thefuelofspacecraft9.$50,00010.spacetravel11.-46暂缺47.asablessing48.simplified49.theirhouseneedtobesimplified50.different51.makealistoftheunnecessarythingsbeforeunloadingthem52.Btheinstinctivefearhumanbeingfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdanger53.Dtheamygdaleplaysavitalpartinhumanandanimalresponsestopotentialdangern54.Aalittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledproperly55.Dunderstandthesituationandbefullyprepared56.Bunderstandable57.BTheirintensedesireformoney58.CHecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinbusiness59.Dtherewasnoplaceforethicsandmoralityinbusinessdealings60.Athetendencyinbusinessschooltostressself-interestoverbusinessethics61.Athecallsforreformwillhelppromotebusinessethics62.on→in63.day和the之间插入when64.demand→demanding65.去掉to66.in→that67.writing→write68.desirable→undesirable69.begin→began70.its→their71.nation→national72.followedmyadvice,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.73.watchedherinjuredsonsentintotheoperationroom.74.wereadvisednottotraveltothatcountryatthemoment75.viaE-mailinsteadoftelephone76.Untilthedeadlinecame,hedidn’tsentout2006年12月24日六级听力原文11.W:Ineedtofindadentist;yousaidyouknowDr.Smithwell,doyourecommendher?M:Well,Ihadtoseeherafewtimes,butwhatimpressedmemostwerethemagazinesinherwaitingroom.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?12.W:I’mafraidIcan’tshowyoutheapartmentatthemoment,becausethetenantisstilllivinginit.It’sreallyalovelyplace,withabigkitchenandasunnywindow,foronlytwohundreddollarsamonth.M:Soundsgood,butwereallycan’trentanapartmentwithoutseeingitfirst.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?13.M:So,that’swhat’sbeenkeepingyousobusyrecently!W:Yes,I’vebeentiedupwithmystudies.YouknowI’mplanningtogototheUnitedStatesthiscomingsummer,butI’mabitnervousaboutmyEnglish.Q:Whatisthewomanbusydoing?14.W:Howdidyoufeelwhenyoufoundoutyouhadhighbloodpressure?M:Shocked!Theproblemformewasthattherewerenosymptoms;itseemedtohavesneakeduponme.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?15.W:So,you’rejustbackfromatriptoIndia.Whatwereyoudoingthere?M:Thetripwasintendedtobringtotheworld’sattentionthefactthatAIDSisnotjustanAfricandisease;it’salsoendangeringothercountries,notably,IndiaandThailand.Q:Whatwasthepurposeoftheman’striptoIndia?16.M:It’squiteclearformmyvisit,thisisafullsize,comprehensiveuniversity.Sowhyisitstillcalledacollege?nW:TheCollegeofWilliamandMaryisthesecondoldestinstitutionofhigherlearninginthiscountry.WehavenurturedgreatmindslikeThomasJeffersonandweareproudofourname.Q:WhatdowelearnfromthisconversationabouttheCollegeofWilliamandMary?17.M:Havethepartsweneedforthephotocopyingmachinearrivedyet?W:Iorderedthemlastweek,butsomethingisholdingthemup.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthepartsneededforthephotocopyingmachine?18.W:Thecafeteriaprovidedmanykindsofdishedforustoday.Didyounoticethat?M:Yes,kindofrare,isn’tit?Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?ConversationOneW:Hello,Patrick,isthatyou?M:YeahJane,whatcanIdoforyou?W:Iwascallingabouttheappletreethatyouweretrimmingyesterday.M:Thatwashardwork!W:I’msureitwas.Itsurelookeddifficult.M:Yeah,I’mgladit’sfinished.Haulingthebranchestothefrontforgarbagepickupwasnofuneither.W:Well,Idon’tthinkyou’requitefinishedyet,someofthelargerbranchesfelloverintomyyard,andIthinkyoushouldcomeandgetthem.M:ListenJane,Idon’tseewhyIshoulddothat.Youeatalltheapplesthatfallinyouryardandyou’venevercomplainedaboutthatbefore.W:Well,it’seasiertopickupapplesthentodragtreebranchesallthewaytothecurb.Mykidspickuptheapples,andthebranchesarejusttoobigforthemtodrag.M:Well,Iguessyou’lljusthavetodoityourselfJane.W:Patrick,Iwishyouwouldreconsider.We’vealwaysgottenalongfairlywell,butIthinkyou’reoutoflinehere.Thebranchesareyourresponsibility.M:SorryJane,Idisagree!Youtakethebenefitsoftheappletree,butrefusetodealwiththebadsideofit!Besides,itwon’ttakeyouanytimetogetthebranchesoutfront!W:GetthebranchesoffmypropertyorI’llhavetosueyou.M:Yeah?Forwhat?!You’retakingthoselawclassestooseriously!I’vegottago,Ihavetopickupmyson.W:You’llbehearingfromme.M:Yeah,yeah.SeeyouincourtJane.Questions19-22arebasedonthequestionsyouhavejustheard.19.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?20.Whatdidthewomanaskthemantodo?21.Whatdidthewomanthreatentodo?22.Whatwastheman’sreactiontothewoman’sthreat?ConversationTwoM:DidyouhearabouttheaircrashthatoccurredinSouthAmericarecently?Itwasquiteatragicaccident!W:No,Ididn’tseeanythinginthenewsaboutit.Whathappened?M:AforeignairlinerwasattemptingtolandatnightinamountainousareainArgentinaandflewintoahill!W:Thatsoundsreallyterrible!Didanyonesurvive?M:No,everyoneaboard,includingthecrew,waskilledinstantly.W:Whatwerethecircumstances?Weretheybadweather,afire,orenginefailure?M:Apparently,thereweresomelowcloudsinthearea,butmostlyitwasjustmiscommunicationbetweenthepilotsandthetrafficcontrollers.nW:Weren’ttheybothspeakinginEnglish,theofficialinternationalaviationlanguage?M:Yestheywere,butthetransmitionfrompoorqualityradioswasslightlydistortedandtheaccentsoftheSpanishspeakingcontrollerswassostrongthatthepilotsthatthepilotsmisunderstoodavitalinstruction.W:Howcouldamisunderstandinglikethatcausesuchaseriousaccident?M:Thepilotsweretoldtodescendto2-2,000feet.Theinstructionactuallymeant22,000feet,buttheythoughttheyhearddescend2,000feet.That’sahugedifference,anditshouldhavebeenconfirmed,butitwasnot.Unfortunately,theterrainofthemountainsinNorweijaascendsto2,000feet.W:Sothepilotsdiddescendtothewrongaltitudethen,becausetheywerefollowingtheaircontrollersinstructions.M:Sadlyenough,yestheydid.Itwasareallybadmistake.Manypeoplediedasaresultofthesimplyunderstanding.W:Wow,that’sapowerfullessononhowimportantitcanbetoaccuratelycommunicatetoeachother.Questions:23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.Whatwasthecauseofthetragedy?24.HowhigharethemountainsinNorweija?25.Whatlessoncouldbedrawnfromtheaccident?PassageoneEdgarPoe,anAmericanwriter,wasbornin1809.Hisparentswereactors.Edgarwasababywhenhisfatherleftthefamily.Hewastwoyearsoldwhenhismotherdied.HewastakenintothehomeofawealthybusinessmannamedJohnAllen.Hethenreceivedhisrealname,EdgarAllenPoe.Asayoungman,PoeattendedtheUniversityofVirginia.Hewasagoodstudent,buthelikedtodrinkalcoholandplaycardgamesformoney.Asanunskilledgameplayer,heoftenlostmoney.Sincehecouldn’tpayoffhisgamblingmoney,heleftuniversityandbeganworkingformagazines.Heworkedhard,yethewasnotwellpaid,orwellknown.Attheageof27,hegotmarried.ForatimeitseemedthatPoewouldfindhappiness,buthiswifewassickformostoftheirmarriage,anddiedin1847.Throughallhiscrises,Poeproducedmanystoriesandpoemswhichappearedindifferentpublications,yethedidn’tbecomefamousuntil1845,whenhispoem,TheRaven,waspublished.Thereisaquestion,however,aboutPoe’simportanceinAmericanLiterature.SomecriticssaythatPoewasoneofAmerica’sbestwriters,andeveninfluencedmanyFrenchwriters,butothersdisagree.TheysaythatPoe’sworkisdifficulttounderstandandmostofhiswritingdescribesmanyunpleasantsituationsandevents.EdgarAllenPoediedin1849whenhewas40yearsold.Itissaidthathewasfounddeadafterdaysofheavydrinking.Questions26-29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.WhathappenedtoEdgarAllenPoe’sfamily,whenhewasonlytwoyearsold?27.WhydidEdgarAllenPoeleavetheUniversityofVirginia?28.WhatdosomecriticssayaboutEdgarAllenPoe?29.HowdidEdgarAllenPoe’slifecometoanend?PassageTwoMorethanfiftyyearsago,theUnitedNationsdeclaredthatliteracyisabasichumanright.It’sveryimportantforimprovingthelivesofindividuals,however,itisestimatedthat880millionadultsaroundtheworldareilliterate,thatis,theyareunabletoreadorwrite.Amajorityofthemarewomen.Over100millionschoolagechildrenaroundtheworlddonotattendschool.Manyotherscompleteschooloffailtofinishtheirstudieswithoutlearningtoreadorwrite.Manycountriesdependontheeffortsofpeoplewhooffertheirtimetohelpilliterateindividuals.Forexample,JohnMoggerbecameconcernedabouttheproblemofilliteracythreeyearsago,sohestartedteachingfiveprisonersinBrazil.Inhisteaching,hedevelopedasystemwiththeseprisoners.Hesayshiswayofteachingcanhelpanyonelearnhowtoreadandwritewithaboutthirtyhoursofstudy.Tolearnhissystem,peoplemustfirstknowhowtowritelettersofthealphabetandlearnwhichsoundstheyrepresent.Thesystemdivideslettersintothreegroups.Thefirstgroupoflettercanbewrittenbetweentwolines.Thesecondcanbewrittenbetweentwolinesbutpartoftheletterisabovethetopline.Thethirdgrouphaslettersthatarepartlywrittenbelowthelowerline.JohnMoggertaughthisnstudentstowritesimplywordsfromtheletters,inthisway,hisstudentslearnedmorethansevenhundredwords.Manyofthemcannowwritetofamilymembers.Theyalsocanreadnewspapersandmagazines.Questions30-32arebasedonthePassageyouhavejustheard.30.Accordingtothespeaker,whichgroupofpeoplemakesupthemajorityoftheilliteratepopulation?31.WhatisthemostimportantfeatureofJohnMoggersmethodofteachingthealphabet?32.WhatdoesJohnMoggersayabouthisteachingmethod?PassageThreeFarmersusuallyuseplowstopreparetheirfieldsforplantingcrops.Plowscutintotheground,andliftupweeds,andotherunwantedplants.However,plowingisblamedforcausingseveredamagetotopsoilbyremovingtheplantsthatprotectsoilfrombeingblownorwashedaway.ManyfarmersinSouthAsiaarenowtryingaprocesscalledLowTillFarming.LowTillFarminglimitstheuseofplows.Inthismethodoffarmingseedsandfertilizerareputintothesoilthroughsmallcutsmadeinthesurfaceoftheground.LowTillAgricultureleavesmuchorallthesoilandremainsofplantsontheground.Theyserveasanaturalfertilizerandhelpsupporttherootsoffuturecrops.Theytakeinrainandallowittoflowintothesoilinsteadofrunningoff.IthasbeenprovedthatLowTillFarmingincreasesharvestsandreduceswateruse,andthismethodreducedtheneedforchemicalproductsbecausetherearefewerunwantedplants.ScientistssayLowTillFarmingisbecomingpopularinSouthAsia,whichisfacingaseverwatershortage.TheysaytheareawillbecomedependedonimportedfoodunlesswaterissavedthroughmethodslikeLowTillFarming.Currently,morethan150millionpeopleinSouthAsiadependonlocalriceandwheatcrops.Farmersgrowriceduringwetweather.Duringthedryseasontheygrowwheatinthesamefields.FarmersareusingtheLowTillmethodtoplantwheatafterharvestingrice.ScientistssayLowTillAgricultureisoneofthebestexamplesintheworldsoftechnologiesworkingforbothpeople,andtheenvironment.Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Whatisthemainproblemcausebytheusualwayofplowing?34.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutLowTillFarming?35.WhereisLowTillFarmingbecomingpopular?PassageOneAdultsaregettingsmarterabouthowsmartbabiesare.Notlongago,researcheslearnedthatfourdayoldscouldunderstandadditionandsubtraction.Now,BritishresearchpsychologistGramShafferhasdiscoveredthatinfantscanlearnwordsoruncommonthingslongbeforetheycanspeak.Hefoundthatninemontholdinfantscouldbetaughtthroughrepeatedshowandtelltorecognizethenamesofobjectsthatwereforeigntothem,aresultthatchallengesinsomeways,thereceivedwisdomthatapartfromlearningtoidentifythingscommontotheirdailylives,childrendon’tbeingtobuildvocabularyuntilwellintotheirsecondyear.“It’snosecretthatchildrenlearnwords,butthewordstheytendtoknowarelinkedtospecificsituationsinthehome,”explainsShaffer.Thisisthefirstdemonstrationthatwecanchoosewhatwordsthechildrenwilllearnandthattheycanrespondtothemwithanunfamiliarvoicegivinginstructionsinanunfamiliarsetting.“Figuringouthowhumanacquirelanguagemayshedlightonwhysomechildrenlearntoreadandwritelaterthanothers,”Shaffersays,“andcouldleadtobettertreatmentsfordevelopedmentalproblems.”What’smore,thestudyoflanguageacquisitionoffersdirectinsightintohowhumanslearn.“Languageisatestcaseforhumancognitivedevelopment,”saysShaffer,“butparentseagertoteachtheirinfantsshouldtakenote.Evenwithoutbeingtaughtnewwordsacontrolgroupcaughtupwiththeotherinfantswithinafewmonths.”Thisisnotaboutadvancingdevelopment,hesays,it’sjustaboutwhatchildrencandoatanearlieragethanwhateducatorshaveoftenthought.2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)nPartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.有人做好事期望得到回报；2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；3.我的观点。ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-4,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJobManypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfourworkersisdissatisfiedwiththeircurrentjob,accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004”survey.Theircareerpathmaybefinanciallyrewarding,butitdoesn’tmeettheiremotional,socialorcreativeneeds.They’restuck,unhappy,andhavenoideawhattodoaboutit,exceptmovetoanotherjob.MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,saysthatwhenmostpeopleareunhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistogetadifferentjob.Instead,Millersuggestslookingatthepossibilityofadifferentlife.Throughherbook,8MythsofMakingaLiving,aswellasworkshops,seminarsandpersonalcoachingandconsulting,shehashelpedthousandsofdissatisfiedworkersreassesslifeandwork.LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Millerencouragesjobseekersandthosedissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheirbeliefsaboutworkandrecognizethat“inmanycasesyourbeliefsarewhatbroughtyoutowhereyouaretoday.”Youmayhavebeenraisedtothinkthatwomenwerebestatnurturingandcaringand,therefore,shouldbeteachersandnurses.Sothat’swhatyoudid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelievethatyoushoulddowhatyourfatherdid,soyouhavetakenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomeadentist“justlikedad.”Ifthissoundsfamiliar,it’sprobablytimetolookatthenewpossibilitiesforyourfuture.Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrentsituationandbeliefs,identifytheirrealpassion,andstartonajourneythatallowsthemtopursuetheirpassionthroughwork.Step1:Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforjobseekers.Manyfinditdifficulttosteerawayfromacareerpathormakeachange,evenifitdoesn’tfeelright.Millerurgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindstootherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyarecurrentlydoing.Step2:Commitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyoutobe.Lookatthegiftsandtalentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethingsthatyoulovemost.Ifyoulovethesocialaspectsofyourjob,butarestuckinsideanofficeor“chainedtoyourdesk”mostofthetime,vowtofollowyourinstinctandinvestigatealternativecareersandworkthatallowyoumoretimetointeractwithothers.Dawnworkedasamanagerforalargeretailclothingstoreforseveralyears.Thoughshehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefeltfrustratedandlongedtobeinvolvedwithnatureandtheoutdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschoolnightsandweekendstopursuehertruepassionbyearninghermaster’sdegreeinforestry.Shenowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.Step3:Self-definitionnMillersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowtosellthemselves.“Inthejobmarket,youareaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,youmostknowthefeaturesandbenefitsthatyouhavetoofferapotentialclient,oremployer.”Examinetheskillsandknowledgethatyouhaveidentifyhowtheycanapplytoyourdesiredoccupation.Yourqualitieswillexhibittoemployerswhytheyshouldhireyouoverothercandidates.Step4:Attainalevelofself-honoring.Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepforjobhunters,butbeingabletoacceptyourself,withoutjudgment,helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyoumoreself-assured.Byacceptingwhoyouare–allyouremotions,hopesanddreams,yourpersonality,andyouruniquewayofbeing–you’llprojectmoreconfidencewhennetworkingandtalkingwithpotentialemployers.Thepowerofself-honoringcanhelptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammedtobelieve–thosethatmadeyoufeelthatyouwerenotgoodenough,orstrongenough,orintelligentenoughtodowhatyoutrulydesire.Step5:Vision.Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto“WhatdoIreallywanttodo?”oneshouldcreateasolidstatementinadozenorsosentencesthatdescribeindetailhowtheyseetheirliferelatedtowork.Forinstance,thesecretarywholongstobeanactressdescribesalifethatallowshertoexpressherloveofShakespeareonstage.Arealestateagent,attractedtohiscurrentjobbecauseherlovesfixingupoldhomes,describesbuyingpropertiesthatneedalittletenderlovingcaretomakethemmoresaleable.Step6:Appropriaterisk.Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacingobstaclesanddifficulties.Oncepeoplediscovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredtodoanythingaboutit.Instead,theydonothing.Withthisstep,jobseekersshouldassesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,orrisk,inpursuitoftheirdream.Foroneworkingmom,thatmeanttakingnightclassestolearnnewcomputer-aideddesignskills,whilestillearningasalaryandkeepingherdayjob.Forsomeoneelse,itmaymeanquittinghisorherjob,takingoutloanandgoingbacktoschoolfulltime.You’llmoveonestepclosertoyouridealworklifeifyouidentifyhowmuchriskyouarewillingtotakeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.Step7:Action.Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothetopofamountain,justsittingatthefootthinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itisbymakingtheeffortofclimbingupthemountain,stepbystep,thateventuallythesummitisreached.”Alltoooften,itisthelackofactionthatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheirideals.Creatingaplanandtakingitonestepatatimecanleadtonewanddifferentjobopportunities.Job-huntingtasksgainaddedmeaningasyousensetheirimportanceinyourquestforamoremeaningfulworklife.Theplancanincluderesearchingindustriesandoccupations,talkingtopeoplewhoareinyourdesiredareaofwork,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteerworkinyourtargetedfield.Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingworklife.Afterall,itisthejourney,notthedestination,thatismostimportant.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004”survey,mostpeopleareunhappywiththeircurrentjobs.2.MaryLynMiller’sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshouldcommitthemselvestothepursuitof________.6.Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike________.7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow________.n8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthequestion“________”9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto________.10.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Surfingthenet.B)Watchingatalkshow.C)Packingabirthdaygift.D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams.B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.C)Hedoesn’tknowifhecandowellintheexam.D)HeusedtogetstraightA’sintheexamshetook.13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld.C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.B)Attendamedicalschool.C)Stayinbusiness.D)Sellhisshop.15.A)Moremoney.B)Fairtreatment.C)Acollegeeducation.D)Shorterworkhours.16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.17.A)Cheerherselfupabit.B)Findamoresuitablejob.C)Seekprofessionaladvice.D)Takeapsychologycourse.18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Togosightseeing.nB)Tohavemeetings.C)Topromoteanewchampagne.D)Tojoininatrainingprogram.20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints.B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being.C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atafair.B)Atacafeteria.C)Inacomputerlab.D)Inashoppingmall.24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.25.A)Datacollection.B)Trainingconsultancy.C)Corporatemanagement.D)Informationprocessing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicemarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Improvethemselves.B)Getridofemptydreams.C)Followtheculturaltradition.D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.28.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.nB)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Michael’sparentsgotdivorced.B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.C)Karen’smotherdiedinacaraccident.D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.D)HegotmarriedtoKaren’smother.31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Germany.B)Japan.C)TheU.S.D)TheU.K.33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.35.A)Changetheirjobs.B)Earnmoremoney.C)Reducetheirworkinghours.D)Strengthenthegovernment’srole.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)________toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalormoraln(37)________toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)________physicalaswellasemotionalproblems,(39)________patient-relatedservices,andmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.If,inany(40)________,wefeelthataphysician’sorderis(41)________orunsafe,wehavealegal(42)________toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress.However,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)________reasonforalotofthecareerdissatisfaction.(44)________________________________.Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)________________________________.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,California.ItwassetupinaSiliconValleygaragein1998,andinflated(膨胀)withtheInternetbubble.Evenwheneverythingarounditcollapsedthecompanykeptoninflating.Google’ssearchengineissowidespreadacrosstheworldthatsearchbecameGoogle,andgooglebecameaverb.Theworldfellinlovewiththeeffective,fascinatinglyfasttechnology.GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesoffortunateevents.ItwasPagewho,atStanfordin1996,initiatedtheacademicprojectthateventuallybecameGoogle’ssearchengine.Brin,whohadmetPageatastudentorientationayearearlier,joinedtheprojectearlyon.TheywerebothPh.D.candidateswhentheydevisedthesearchenginewhichwasbetterthantherestand,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordofmouthfromearlyadoptersto,eventually,yourgrandmother.Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,itdidmorethanjustlookforwordmatches,italsotallied(统计)andrankedahostofothercriticalfactorslikehowwebsiteslinktooneanother.Thatdeliveredfarbetterresultsthananythingelse.BrinandPagemeanttonametheircreationGoogol(themathematicaltermforthenumber1followedby100zeroes),butsomeonemisspelledthewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraisedmoneyfromprescient(有先见之明的)professorsandventurecapitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturnGoogleintobusiness.Perhapstheirbiggeststrokeofluckcameearlyonwhentheytriedtoselltheirtechnologytoothersearchengines,butnoonemettheirprice,andtheybuiltitupontheirown.Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoneywithitsinvention.Ithadlotsofusers,butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolutionturnedouttobeadvertising,andit’snotanexaggerationtosaythatGoogleisnowessentiallyanadvertisingcompany,giventhatthat’sthesourceofnearlyallitsrevenue.Todayitisagiantadvertisingcompany,worth$100billion.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGooglesosuccessful?48.Google’ssearchengineoriginatedfrom________startedbyL.Page.49.HowdidGoogle’ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould________.51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom________.SectionBnDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopian(乌托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖症).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?A)Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.B)Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause________.A)publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedB)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilC)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionD)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsocietyn54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Line3,Para.5)?A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?A)Renewedeconomicsecurity.B)Asenseofself-fulfillment.C)Newconflictsandcomplaints.D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly(谨言慎行)intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic(语言的)ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknowas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls’appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguage—whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality—andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisassignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone’ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange—ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine.”KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail________.nA)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomenB)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapanC)thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamiliesD)thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow58.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?A)Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.B)Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.C)Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.D)Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.59.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?A)Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.B)Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen’ssentiment.C)Theyacceptitasamoderntrend.D)Theyexpressstrongdisapproval.60.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday’syoungwomen________.A)mayleadtochangesinsocialrelationsB)hasbeentrueofallpastgenerationsC)isviewedasasignoftheirmaturityD)isaresultofrapidsocialprogress61.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis________.A)asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandmaturationB)anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstsocialchangeC)oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsocietyD)aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapantodayPartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.__62__thatlogic,2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still__63__intheirminds,AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisasterinU.S.history,on__64__TV.Anyonewhodidn’tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade__65__worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour__66__toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.Granted,someamountofdelusion(错觉)isprobablypartofthe__67__condition.InA.D.63,Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquake,andthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork__68__,inthesamespot—untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta__69__ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat__70__themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe__71__didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturns__72__thatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyis__73__thestorm,thequakeorthe__74__itself.Moreoften,itisourselves.Sowhathashappenedintheyearthat__75__thedisasterontheGulfCoast?InNewOrleans,theArmyCorpsofEngineershasworkeddayandnighttorebuildthefloodwalls.Theyhavegotthewallsto__76__theywerebeforeKatrina,moreorless.That’snot__77__,wecannowsaywithconfidence.Butitmaybeall__78__canbeexpectedfromoneyearofhustle(忙碌).nMeanwhile,NewOrleansofficialshavecraftedaplantousebusesandtrainsto__79__thesickandthedisabled.Thecityestimatesthat15,000peoplewillneeda__80__out.However,stateofficialshavenotyetdeterminedwherethesepeoplewillbetaken.The__81__withneighboringcommunitiesareongoinganddifficult.62.A)ToB)ByC)OnD)For63.A)freshB)obviousC)apparentD)evident64.A)visualB)vividC)liveD)lively65.A)littleB)lessC)moreD)much66.A)reluctanceB)rejectionC)denialD)decline67.A)naturalB)worldC)socialD)human68.A)revisingB)refiningC)rebuildingD)retrieving69.A)reviewB)reminderC)conceptD)prospect70.A)preparingB)protestingC)protectingD)prevailing71.A)neverB)everC)thenD)before72.A)upB)downnC)overD)out73.A)merelyB)rarelyC)incidentallyD)accidentally74.A)surgeB)spurC)surfD)splash75.A)ensuedB)tracedC)followedD)occurred76.A)whichB)whereC)whatD)when77.A)enoughB)certainC)conclusiveD)final78.A)butB)asC)thatD)those79.A)exileB)evacuateC)dismissD)displace80.A)rideB)trailC)pathD)track81.A)conventionsB)notificationsC)communicationsD)negotiationsPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Theautomanufacturersfoundthemselves________________________(正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额).83.Onlyinthesmalltown________________________(他才感到安全和放松).84.Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren________________________(被剥夺了受教育的权利).n85.Ouryearsofhardworkareallinvain,________________________(更别提我们花费的大量金钱了).86.Theproblemsofblacksandwomen________________________(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).2007年6月23日六级参考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)1.N2.Y3.NG4.Y5.thosethingsthattheylovemost6.products7.moreconfidence8.WhatdoIreallywanttodo?9.giveup,orrisk10.thelackofactionPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)11.A)Surfingthenet.12.B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.13.D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.14.C)Stayinbusiness.15.A)Moremoney.16.B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.17.C)Seekprofessionaladvice.18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.19.B)Tohavemeetings.20.D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.21.D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.22.C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid23.A)Atafair.24.C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.25.B)Trainingconsultancy.26.A)Improvethemselves.27.D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.28.D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.29.B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.30.B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.32.B)Japan.33.D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.35.C)Reducingtheirworkinghours.36.licensed37.obligationn38.assess39.coordinate40.circumstance41.inappropriate42.responsibility43.prime44.Itissometimesrequiredthatweworkovertime,andthatwechangeshiftsfourorfivetimesamonth.45.Mosthospitalsarenowstaffedbynewgraduates,asexperiencednursesfinallygiveuptryingtochangethesystem.46.theywillfindthatmostcriticalhospitalcareswillbeprovidedbynew,inexperienced,andsometimesinadequatelytrainednurses.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)47.ThebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page48.theacademicproject49.Bywordofmouth50.meettheirprice51.advertising52.B)Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness?53.D)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety54.A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.55.D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs56.C)Newconflictsandcomplaints57.B)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan58.B)Theyusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticform59.D)Theyexpressstrongdisapproval60.A)mayleadtochangesinsocialrelations61.C)oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsocietyPartVCloze(15minutes)62.B)By63.A)fresh64.C)live65.D)much66.A)reluctance67.D)human68.C)rebuilding69.A)review70.C)protecting71.B)ever72.D)out73.B)rarely74.A)surge75.C)followed76.B)where77.A)enough78.C)thatn79.B)evacuate80.A)ride81.D)negotiationsPartVITranslation(5minutes)82.competingwithforeignfirmsformarketshare83.doeshefeelsecureandrelaxed84.aredeprivedoftherightstoreceiveeducation85.nottomention/letalonethelargeamountofmoneywehavespent86.havegained/causedconsiderablepublicconcerninrecentdecades2007年6月23日六级听力原文11.W:Jim,youareonthenetagain?Whenareyougoingtogetoff?It’sthetimeforthetalkshow.M:Justaminute,dear.I’mlookingatanewjewelrysite.IwanttomakesureIgettherightgiftforMum’sbirthday.Q:Whatisthemandoingrightnow?12.W:I’veneverseenyouhavesuchconfidencebeforeanexam.M:It’smorethanconfidence.RightnowIfeelthatifIgetlessthananA,it’llbethefaultoftheexamitself.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?13.W:Justlookatthisnewspaper,nothingbutmurder,deathandwar!Doyoustillbelievepeoplearebasicallygood?M:OfcourseIdo.Butnewspapershardlyeverreportstoriesaboutpeaceandgenerosity.Theyarenotnews.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.M:Tommustbejokingwhenhesaidheplanstosellhisshopandgotomedicalschool.W:Youarequiteright.Heisjustkidding.He’salsotoldmetimeandtimeagainhewishedhe’dstudiedforsomeprofessioninsteadofgoingintobusiness.Q:WhatwillTomprobablydoaccordingtotheconversation?15.W:Ihearyourbosshasarealgoodimpressionofyouandheisthinkingaboutgivingyoutwomoredaysoffeachmonth.M:Ihopenot.I’drathergetmoreworkhourssoIcangetenoughbuckstohelpoutmytwokidsatcollege.Q:Whatdoesthemantrulywant?16.M:IheardyoutookatriptoMexicolastmonth.Howdidyoulikeit?W:Oh,Igotsickandtiredofhotelsandhotelfood.SonowIunderstandthesaying,“East,west,home’sbest”.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?17.W:I’mworriedaboutAnna.Sheisreallybeendepressedlately.Allshedoesisstayinginherroomallday.M:Thatsoundsserious.She’dbetterseeapsychiatristattheconsolingcenter.Q:WhatdoesthemansuggestAnnado?18.M:IcouldhardlyrecognizeSamafterhegotthatnewjob.He’salwaysinasuitandatienow.W:Yeah,hewasneverlikethatatcollege.Backthenhewould’veruninanoldT-shirtandjeans.Q:WhatdothespeakerssayaboutSam?ConversationOneM:Hi,Ann,welcomeback.How’syourtriptothestates?W:Verybusy.Ihadalotofmeetings.So,ofcourse,Ididn’thavemuchtimetoseeNewYork.M:Whatapity.ActuallyIhaveatriptheremyselfnextweek.W:Doyou?Thentakemyadvice.Dothewell-beingintheairprogram.Itreallyworks.M:Oh,Ireadaboutthatinamagazine.Yousayitworks?W:Yes.IdidtheprogramontheflighttotheStates.AndwhenIarrivedinNewYork,Ididn’thaveanyproblem.Nojetlegatall.OnthewaybackIdidn’tdoit,andIfeltterrible.nM:Youarejoking.W:Notatall.Itreallymadealotofdifference.M:Hmm…So,whatdidyoudo?W:Well,Ididn’tdrinkanyalcoholorcoffeeandIdidn’teatanymeatorrichfood.IdrinkalotofwaterandfruitjuiceandIeatthemealsonthewell-beingmenu.Theyarelighter.Theyhavefish,vegetablesandnoodles,forexample.AndIdidsomeoftheexercisesintheprogram.M:Exercises?Onaplane?W:Yes.Ididn’tdomany,ofcourse.Thereisn’tmuchspaceontheplane.M:Howmanypassengersdidtheexercises?W:Notmany.M:Andhowmuchchampagnedidtheydrink?W:Alot.Itwasmorepopularthanmineralwater.M:So,basicallyit’sachoice.Mineralwaterandexercisesorchampagneandjetlag.W:That’sright.It’sadifficultchoice.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.WhydidthewomangotoNewYork?20.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthewell-beingintheairprogram?21.Whatdidthewomandotofollowthewell-beingmenu?22.Whatdidthewomansayaboutotherpassengers?ConversationTwoW:Morning.CanIhelpyou?M:Well,I’mnotreallysure.I’mjustlooking.W:Isee.Well,there’splentytolookatagainthisyear.I’msureyou’dhavetowalkmilestoseeeachstand.M:That’strue.W:Wouldyoulikeacoffee?Comeandsitdownforaminute.Noobligation.M:Well,that’sverykindofyou.But…W:No,please,isthisthefirstyearyou’vebeentothefair,Mr.…?M:Yes.Johnson.JamesJohnson.W:Myname’sSusanCarter.Areyoulookingforanythinginparticularorareyoujustinterestedincomputersingeneral?M:Well,actually,Ihavesomespecificjobsinmind.Iownasmallcompany.We’vegrownquitedramaticallyoverthepast12monthsandwereallyneedsometechnologicalhelptoenableustokeepontopofeverything.W:What’syourlineofbusiness,Mr.Johnson?M:Weareatrainingconsultancy.W:Isee.Andwhatdoyouneedtokeepontop?M:Thefirstthingiscorrespondence.Wehavealotfstandardlettersandforms.SoIsupposeweneedsomekindofwordprocessor.W:Right.Well,that’snoproblem.Butitmaybepossibleforyoutogetasystemthatdoesalotofotherthingsinadditiontowordprocessing.WhatmightsuityouistheMR5000.That’soverthere.It’sIBMcompatible.M:Whatabouttheprice?W:Well,theMR5000costs1,050pounds.Softwarecomesfreewiththehardware.M:Well,I’llthinkaboutit.Thankyou.W:Here’smycard.Pleasefeelfreetocontactme.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.Wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?n24.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?25.Whatistheman’slineofbusiness?PassageOneTheNewYearalwaysbringswithitaculturaltraditionofnewpossibilities.Weseeitasachanceforrenewal.Webegintodreamofnewpossibleselves.Wedesignouridealselforanimagethatisquitedifferentfromwhatwearenow.Forsomeofus,werollthatdreamyfilminourheadsjustbecauseitisthebeginningoftheNewYear,butweareseriousaboutmakingchanges.Wejustmakesomehalfhardresolutionanditevaporatesafteraweekortwo.Theexperiencemakesuslesssuccessfulandleadsustodiscountabilitytochangeinthefuture.It’snotthechangesimpossible,butitwon’tlastunlessourresolutionsaresupportedwithplansforimplementation.Wehavetomakeourintensionsmanageablebydetailingthespecificstepsthatwillcarryustoourgoal.Sayyourgoalistoloseweightbydietingandcuttingoffsweets.Butonenightyoujusthavetohaveacookieandyouknowthereisabagofyourfavoritesinthecupboard.Youwantone,youeattwo,youcheckthebagandfindoutthatyou’vejustshot132calories.Yousaytoyourself,“Whatthehell.I’llpolishoffthewholebag.”Thenyoubegintodrawallkindsofunpleasantconclusionsaboutyourself.Toprotectyoursenseofyourself,youbegintodiscountthegoal.Youmaythink,“Well,dietingwasn’tthatimportanttomeandIwouldn’tmakeitanyhow.”Soyou’llabandonthegoalandreturntoyourbadhabits.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.26.WhatdopeopleusuallywishtodoatthebeginningoftheNewYear?27.HowcanpeopleturntheirNewYear’sresolutionsintoreality?28.Whydoesthespeakermentiontheexampleofsweetsandcookies?PassageTwo25yearsago,RayAnderson,asingleparentwithaone-year-oldson,witnessedaterribleaccident,whichtookplacewhenthedriverofatruckranaredlightandcollideditwiththecarofSandraDrinkens.TheimpactofthecollisionkilledSandrainstantly,butherthree-month-olddaughterwaslefttrappedintheburningcar.Whileotherslookedoninhorror,Andersonjumpedoutofhisvehicleandcrawledintothecarthroughtheshatteredrearwindowtotrytofreetheinfant.Secondslater,thecarwasenclosedinflames,buttoeveryone’samazement,Andersonwasabletopullthebabytosafety.Whilethebabywasallright,Andersonwasseriouslyinjured.Twodayslater,hedied.Buthisheroicactwaspublishedwidelyinthemedia.Hissonwassoonadoptedbyrelatives.Themostremarkablepartofthisstoryunfoldedonlylastweek.KarenandherboyfriendMichaelwerelookingthroughsomeoldboxeswhentheycameacrosssomeoldnewspaperclippings.“ThisismewhenIwasanewbornbaby.Iwasrescuedfromaburningcarbutmymotherdiedintheaccident,’’explainedKaren.AlthoughMichaelknewKaren’smotherhaddiedyearsearlier,heneverfullyunderstoodthecircumstancesuntilheskimmedoverthenewspaperarticle.ToKaren’ssurprise,Michaelwasabsorbedinthedetailsoftheaccidentandhebegantocryuncontrollably.ThenherevealedthatthemanthatpulledKarenfromtheflameswasthefatherheneverknew.Thetwoembracedandshedmanytears,recountingstoriestoldtothemabouttheirparents.Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.29.Whathappened25yearsago?30.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMichael’sfather?31.WhydidMichaelcryuncontrollablywhenheskimmedoverthenewspaperarticle?PassageThreeAmericanssufferfromanoverdoseofwork.Regardlessofwhotheyareorwhattheydo,AmericansspendmoretimeatworkthanatanytimesinceWorldWarII.In1950,theUShadfewerworkinghoursthananyotherindustrializedcountry.TodayitexceedsanycountrybutJapan,whereindustrialemployeeslog2,155hoursayear,comparedwith1,951intheUS,and1,603intheformerWestGermany.Between1969and1989employedAmericansaddedanaverageof138hourstotheiryearlyworkschedules.Theworkweekhasremainedatabout40hours,butpeoplearenworkingmoreweekseachyear.Specifically,paidtimeoff,holidays,vacations,sickleaveshrankby50%inthe1980’s.Asco-operationshaveexperiencedstiffcompetitionandslowergrowthproductivity,theyhavepressedemployeestoworklonger.Costcuttinglay-offsinthe1980’sreducedtheprofessionalandmanagerialranksleavingfewerpeopletogetthejobdone.Inlowerpaidoccupations,whenwageshavebeenreduced,workershaveaddedhoursinovertimeorextrajobstopreservetheirlivingstandards.Thegovernmentestimatesthatmorethan7millionpeopleholdasecondjob.Forthefirsttime,largenumbersofpeoplesaytheywanttocutbackonworkinghoursevenifitmeansearninglessmoney.Butmostemployersareunwillingtoletthemtodoso.Thegovernment,whichhassteppedbackfromitstraditionalroleasaregulatorofworktimeshouldtakestepstomakeshorterhourspossible.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.Inwhichcountrydotheemployeesworkthelongesthours?33.HowdoemployedAmericansmanagetoworkmorehours?34.Whydocorporationspresstheemployeestoworklongerhoursaccordingtothespeaker?35.WhatdoesthespeakersaymanyAmericansprefertodo?CompoundDictationNursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitontheposition.Asnurses,wearelicensedtoprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalormoralobligationtoanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,assessphysicalaswellasemotionalproblems,coordinatepatient-relatedservicesandmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.If,inanycircumstance,wefeelthatthephysician’sorderisinappropriateorunsafe,wehavealegalresponsibilitytoquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress,however,thatoccursduetohardworkinghoursisaprimereasonforalotofthecareerfordissatisfaction.Itissometimesrequiredthatweworkovertimeandthatwechangeshiftsfourorfivetimesamonth.Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.Mosthospitalsarenowstaffedbynewgraduatesasexperiencednursesfinallygiveuptryingtochangethesystem.Consumersofmedically-relatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,theywillfindthatmostcriticalhospitalcarewillbeprovidedbynew,inexperiencedandsometimesinadequately-trainednurses.2007年12月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Thedigitalage1.如今，数字化产品越来越多，如…2.使用数字化产品对于人们学习工作和生活的影响。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)SevenwaytoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRamertocutcostsathisfamily—ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout￡100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis￡90,000fuelandpowerbillby￡60,000.Asanbonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact.InsulateSpaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenoughyoucanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.ChangeBulbsLightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLS,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.ComfortZoneWaterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmostImillionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.RemakeFactoriesFromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitesitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany￡200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing(优化)energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJurgenHambrecht.GreenDrivingAquarteroftheworld’senergy---includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated(充气).Gasoline-electrichybrid(混合型的)modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.nABetterFridgeMorethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.FlexiblePaymentWhosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting（翻新改造）inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing.ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?Ithasdowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsaving.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.Willitbeenough?Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.1.Whatissaidtobebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?A)Raisingefficiency.B)Cuttingunnecessarycosts..C)Findingalternativeresources.D)Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?A)Diversifyenergysupply.B)Cutenergyconsumption.C)Reducecarbonemissions.D)RaiseproductionRaiseproductionefficiency.3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto_____________.A)improveyourworkenvironmentB)cutyourutilitybillsbyhalfC)getridofair-conditionersD)enjoymuchbetterhealth4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?A)Asmallportion.B)Some40percent.C)Almosthalf.D)75to80percent.5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby__________.A)upgradingtheequipmentB)encouraginginvestmentsC)implementinghigh-techD)providingsubsidies6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves￡200millionayearby___________.A)recyclingheatandenergyB)settingupfactoriesinChinaC)usingthenewesttechnologyD)reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif___________.nA)weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipesB)WechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliancesC)WecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsD)Wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients____________.9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith_____.10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom__________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Proceedinhisownway.B)Sticktotheoriginalplan.C)Compromisewithhiscolleague.D)Trytochangehiscolleague’smind.12.A)Maryhasakeeneyeforstyle.B)Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.C)NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRome.D)NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.13.A)Washthedishes.B)Gotothetheatre.C)PickupGeorgeandMartha.D)Takeherdaughtertohospital.14.A)Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople.B)Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.C)Sheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman.D)Sheisthebestinformedwomanintown.15.A)Acardealer.B)AmechanicC)Adrivingexaminer.D)Atechnicalconsultant.16.A)Theshoppingmallhasbeendesertedrecently.B)Shopperscanonlyfindgoodstoresinthemall.C)Lotsofpeoplemovedoutofthedowntownarea.D)Thereisn’tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.17.A)Hewillhelpthewomanwithherreading.B)Theloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.C)Hefeelssleepywheneverhetriestostudy.D)Acozyplaceisratherhardtofindoncampus.18.A)Toprotectherfromgettingscratches.B)Tohelprelieveherofthepain.C)Topreventmosquitobites.D)Toavoidgettingsunburnt.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Inastudio.B)Inaclothingstore.C)AtabeachresortD)Atafashionshow20.A)Tolivetherepermanently.B)Tostaythereforhalfayear.C)Tofindabetterjobtosupportherself.D)TosellleathergoodsforaBritishcompany.21.A)Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies.B)Modelingforaworld-famousItaliancompany.C)WorkingasanemployeeforFerragamo.D)ServingasasalesagentforBurberrys.22.A)Ithasseenasteadydeclineinitsprofits.B)Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.C)Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeigncompanies.D)Ithasattractedlotmoredesignersfromabroad.23.A)Ithelpshertoattractmorepublicattention.B)Itimprovesherchanceofgettingpromoted.C)Itstrengthensherrelationshipwithstudents.D)Itenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter.24.A)Passively.B)Positively.C)Skeptically.D)Sensitively.25.A)Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.B)Herteachingwassomewhataffectedbyit.C)Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.D)Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Towinoverthemajorityofpassengersfromairlinesintwentyyears.B)ToreformrailroadmanagementinwesternEuropeancountries.C)ToelectrifytherailwaylinesbetweenmajorEuropeancities.D)TosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope.n27.A)MajorEuropeanairlinerwillgobankrupt.B)Europeanswillpaymuchlessfortraveling.C)TravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswillbecutbyhalf.D)TrainswillbecomethesafestandmostefficientmeansoftravelinEurope.28.A)Traintravelwillprovemuchmorecomfortablethanairtravel.B)Passengerswillfeelmuchsaferonboardatrainthanonaplane.C)Railtransportwillbeenvironmentallyfriendlierthanairtransport.D)Travelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthan,byair.29.A)In1981.B)In1989.C)In1990.D)In2000.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Therecanbenospeedyrecoveryformentalpatients.B)Approachestohealingpatientsareessentiallythesame.C)Themindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole.D)Thereisnocleardivisionoflaborinthemedicalprofession.31.A)Adoctor’sfamestrengthensthepatients’faithinthem.B)Abuseofmedicinesiswidespreadinmanyurbanhospitals.C)Onethirdofthepatientsdependonharmlesssubstancesforcure.D)Apatient’sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery.32.A)Expensivedrugsmaynotprovethemosteffective.B)Theworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover.C)Doctorsoftenexaggeratetheeffectoftheirremedies.D)Mostillnessescanbecuredwithoutmedication.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Enjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions.B)Defyingalldangerswhentheyhaveto.C)Beingfondofmakingsensationalnews.D)Dreamingofbecomingfamousoneday.34.A)Workinginanemergencyroom.B)Watchinghorrormovies.C)Listeningtorockmusic.D)Doingdailyroutines.35.A)Arockclimber.B)Apsychologist.C)Aresidentdoctor.D)Acareerconsultant.SectionCIfyou’relikemostpeople,you’veindulgedinfakelisteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlook(36)________attheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,(37)_______inthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams.(38)________youcomebacktoearth:theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthechalkboard,andyou(39)_______copyitinyournotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa(40)_________remark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou’veheardtheremarkandfounditmildly(41)___________.Youhaveavaguesenseof(42)___________thatyouaren’tpayingcloseattention,butyoutellyourselfthatany(43)________youmisscanbepickedupfromafriend’snotes.Besides,(44)_______________________.Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld.Onlylaterdoyourealizeyou’vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fakelisteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakersaresensitivetofacialcuesandcantellifyou’remerelypretendingtolisten.(45)________________________.Evenifyou’renotexposed,there’sanotherreasontoavoidfakery;it’seasyforthisbehaviortobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthat(46)_________________.Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformation.nPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Men,thesedays,areembracingfatherhoodwiththeround-the-clockinvolvementtheirpartnershavealwaysdreamedof–handlingnightfeedings,packinglunchesandbandagingknees.Butunlikewomen,manyfindthey’renegotiatingtheirnewroleswithlittlesupportorinformation.“Meninmygeneration(aged25-40)haveafearofbecomingdadsbecausewehavenorolemodels,”saysJonSmith,awriter.Theyoftenfindthemselvesexcludedfrommothers’supportnetworks,andareeyedwarily(警觉地)ontheplayground.Thechallengeisparticularlyevidentinthework—place.There,menarestillexpectedtobebreadwinnersclimbingthecorporateladder;traditionally-mindedbossesareoftenunsympathetictofamilyneeds.InDenmarkmostnewfathersonlytaketwoweeksofpaternityleave(父亲的陪产假)—eventhoughtheyareallowed34days.Asmuchasifnotmoresothanwomen,fathersstruggletobetakenseriouslywhentheyrequestflexiblearrangements.ThoughWilfried-FritzMaring,54,adata-bankandInternetspecialistwithGermanfirmFIZKarlsruhe,feelsthatthetimehespendswithhisdaughteroutweighsanydisadvantages,headmits,“WithmydecisiontoworkfromhomeIdismissedanyopportunityforpromotion.”Mind-sets(思维定势)arechanginggradually.WhenMaringhadadaughter,thecompanyequippedhimwithahomeofficeandallowedhimtochooseajobthatcouldbeperformedfromthere.DanishtelecomcompanyTDCinitiatedaninternalcampaignlastyeartoencouragedadstotakepaternityleave:97percentnowdo.“Whenanemployeegoesonpaternityleaveandiswithhiskids,hegetsanewkindoftraining:inhowtokeepcoolunderstress,”saysspokespersonChristineElbergHolm.Foranewgenerationofdads,kidsmaycomebeforethecompany–butit’sashiftthatbenefitsboth.47.Unlikewomen,menoftengetlittlesupportorinformationfrom______________.48.Besidessupportingthefamily,menwerealsoexpectedto________.49.Likewomen,menhopethattheirdesireforaflexibleschedulewillbe_____________.50.WhenMaringwasonpaternityleave,hewasallowedbyhiscompanytowork___________.51.ChristineHolmbelievespaternityleaveprovidesanewkindoftrainingformeninthatitcanhelpthemcopewith_____________.SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Likemostpeople,I’velongunderstoodthatIwillbejudgedbymyoccupation,thatmyprofessionisagaugepeopleusetoseehowsmartortalentedIam.Recently,however,IwasdisappointedtoseethatitalsodecideshowI’mtreatedasaperson.LastyearIleftaprofessionalpositionasasmall-townreporterandtookajobwaitingtables.Assomeonepaidtoservefoodtopeople.IhadcustomerssayanddothingstomeIsuspectthey’dneversayordototheirmostcasualacquaintances.Onenightamantalkingonhiscellphonewavedmeaway,thenbeckoned(示意)mebackwithhisfingeraminutelater,complaininghewasreadytoorderandaskingwhereI’dbeen.Ihadwaitedtablesduringsummersincollegeandwastreatedlikeapeon(勤杂工)byplentyofpeople.Butat19yearsold.IbelievedIdeservedinferiortreatmentfromprofessionaladults.Besides,peoplerespondedtomedifferentlyafterItoldthemIwasincollege.CustomerswouldjokethatonedayI’dbesittingattheirtable,waitingtobeserved.OnceIgraduatedItookajobatacommunitynewspaper.Frommyfirstday,Iheardarespectfultonefromeveryonewhocalledme.Iassumedthiswasthewaytheprofessionalworldworked-cordially.Isoonfoundoutdifferently,Isatseveralfeetawayfromanadvertisingsalesrepresentativewithasimilarname.OurncallswouldoftengetmixedupandsomeoneaskingforKristenwouldbetransferredtoChristie.Themistakewasimmediatelyevident.Perhapsitwasbecausemoneywasinvolved,butpeopleusedatonewithKristenthattheyneverusedwithme.Myjobtitlemadepeopletreatmewithcourtesy.Soitwasashocktoreturntotherestaurantindustry.It’snosecretthatthere’salottoputupwithwhenwaitingtables,andfortunately,muchofitcanbeeasilyforgottenwhenyoupocketthetips.Theserviceindustry,bydefinition,existstocatertoothers’needs.Still,itseemedthatmanyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant.I’mnowapplyingtograduateschool,whichmeanssomedayI’llreturntoaprofessionwherepeopleneedtobenicetomeinordertogetwhattheywant.IthinkI’lltakethemtodinnerfirst,andseehowtheytreatsomeonewhoseonlyjobistoservethem. 52.Theauthorwasdisappointedtofindthat___________________.A)one’spositionisusedasagaugetomeasureone’sintelligence.B)talentedpeoplelikehershouldfailtogetarespectablejobC)one’soccupationaffectsthewayoneistreatedasapersonD)professionalstendtolookdownuponmanualworkers53.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexampleinthesecondparagraph?A)Somecustomerssimplyshownorespecttothosewhoservethem.B)Peopleabsorbedinaphoneconversationtendtobeabsent-minded.C)Waitressesareoftentreatedbycustomersascasualacquaintances.D)Somecustomersliketomakeloudcomplaintsfornoreasonatall.54.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenwaitingtablesattheageof19?A)Shefeltitunfairtobetreatedasamereservantbyprofessionals.B)Shefeltbadlyhurtwhenhercustomersregardedherasapeon.C)Shewasembarrassedeachtimehercustomersjokedwithher.D)Shefounditnaturalforprofessionalstotreatherasinferior.55.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“…manyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant”(Lines3-4,Para.7)?A)Thosewhocatertoothers’needsaredestinedtobelookeddownupon.B)Thoseworkingintheserviceindustryshouldn’tbetreatedasservants.C)Thoseservingothershavetoputupwithroughtreatmenttoearnaliving.D)Themajorityofcustomerstendtolookonaservantasaservernowadays.56.Theauthorsaysshe’llonedaytakeherclientstodinnerinorderto_______.A)seewhatkindofpersontheyareB)experiencethefeelingofbeingservedC）showhergenerositytowardspeopleinferiortoherD）arousetheirsympathyforpeoplelivingahumblelifePassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?AS7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh.andincomeinequality.Sure,someleftishbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstincomeinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.InDecember.MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.SNews&WorldReport,whichheowns.“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented(哀叹)the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouseholdofnpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,popularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornia’governortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocrats(有钱有势的人)areexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatory(没收性的)taxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefinanciallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.57.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?A)Thefateoftheultrawealthypeople.B)Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.C)Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.D)Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.58.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?A)Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.B)TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.C)TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.D)ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.59.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat____________.A)theveryricharefashion-consciousB)theveryricharepoliticallysensitiveC)universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmericaD)Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage60.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?A)Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.B)Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributesmosttosociety.C)Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.D)Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.61.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?A)Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.B)Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.C)Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.D)Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.PartVCloze(15minutes)nIn1915EinsteinmadeatriptoGattingentogivesomelecturesattheinvitationofthemathematicalphysicistDavidHilbert.Hewasparticularlyeager—tooeager,itwouldturn62--toexplainalltheintricaciesofrelativitytohim.Thevisitwasatriumph,andhesaidtoafriendexcitedly.“Iwasableto63Hilbertofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.”64allofEinstein’spersonalturmoil(焦躁)atthetime,anewscientificanxietywasaboutto65.Hewasstrugglingtofindtherightequationsthatwould66hisnewconceptofgravity,67thatwoulddefinehowobjectsmove68spaceandhowspaceiscurvedbyobjects.Bytheendofthesummer,he69themathematicalapproachhehadbeen70foralmostthreeyearswasflawed.Andnowtherewasa71pressure.Einsteindiscoveredtohis72thatHilberthadtakenwhathehadlecturesandwasracingtocomeup73thecorrectequationsfirst.Itwasanenormouslycomplextask.AlthoughEinsteinwasthebetterphysicist.Hilbertwasthebettermathematician.SoinOctober1915Einstein74himselfintoamonth-long-franticendeavorin75hereturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategyandwrestledwithequations,proofs,correctionsandupdatesthathe76togiveaslecturestoBerlin’sPrussianAcademyofSciencesonfour77Thursdays.HisfirstlecturewasdeliveredonNov.4.1915,anditexplainedhisnewapproach,78headmittedhedidnotyethavetheprecisemathematicalformulationofit.Einsteinalsotooktimeofffrom79revisinghisequationstoengageinanawkwardfandango(方丹戈双人舞)withhiscompetitorHilbert.Worried80beingscooped(抢先),hesentHilbertacopyofhisNov.4lecture.“Iam81toknowwhetheryouwilltakekindlytothisnewsolution,”Einsteinnotedwithatouchofdefensiveness.62.A)upB)overC)outD)off63.A)convinceB)counselC)persuadeD)preach64.A)AboveB)AroundC)AmidD)Along65.A)emitB)emergeC)submitD)submerge66.A)imitateB)igniteC)describeD)ascribe67.A)onesB)thoseC)allD)none68.A)intoB)beyondC)amongD)through69.A)resolvedB)realizedC)acceptedD)assured70.A)pursuingB)protectingC)contestingD)contending71.A)complexB)compatibleC)comparativeD)competitive72.A)humorB)horrorC)excitementD)extinction73.A)toB)forC)withD)against74.A)threwB)thrustC)huddledD)hopped75.A)howB)thatC)whatD)which76.A)dashedB)dartedC)rushedD)reeled77.A)successiveB)progressiveC)extensiveD)repetitive78.A)soB)sinceC)thoughD)because79.A)casuallyB)coarselyC)violentlyD)furiously80.A)afterB)aboutC)onD)in81.A)curiousB)consciousC)ambitiousD)ambiguousPartVITranslation(5minutes)82.Butformobilephone,___________________(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)。83.Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation,_____________(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).84.TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning,______________(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,_________________(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).n86.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_____________________(他都不应该对法庭说慌).答案：PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning).SectionA11.C12.B13.A14.C15.B16.D17.B18.C19.A20.B21.A22.B23.D24.B25.CSectionB26.D27.C28.D29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.BSectionC36.squarely37.floating38.Occasionsllly39.dutifully40.witty41.humorous42.guilt43.material44.theinstructoristalkingaboutroadconstructioninancientRomeandnotingcouldbemoreboring45.Yourblankexpressionandthefarawaylookinyoureyesarethecuesthatbetrayyouinattentiveness46.theyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomethingcomplexoruninterestingPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA47.mother’ssupportnetworks48.climbthecorporateladder49.takenseriously50.fromhome/inahomeoffice51.stressSectionB52.C53.A54.D55.B56.A57.C58.D59.B60.C61.D62.C63.A64.C65.B66.D67.A68.D69.B70.A71.D72.B73.C74.A75.D76.C77.A78.C79.D80.B81.APartVITranslation83.notingcanbemorehelpfulthanasenseofhumor84.butherefusedtogivefurtherexplanationfordoingso85.whileanimalbehaviordependsmainlyoninstinct86.shouldhelie/tellliestothecourt2008年6月21日英语六级真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?　　1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多　　2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是……　　3.我的看法注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)nDirections:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Whatwilltheworldbelikeinfiftyyears?Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,frongas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexbaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”LivinglongerAnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,belivesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmuno-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andalloweingthemtodeveoopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“anthenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:“It’sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”AliensConlinPillinger,professorofplanerarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidistarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifencamehereinMartianmeteorites(陨石).ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentforstofMarsoronotherplaners.Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddefore2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.Heays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.ColoniesinspaceRichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”SpinalinjuriesEllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstitudeinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinijuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflicatedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.Shesays:”Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprofescribedrugsthatcauseseveres(断裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplancingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repariestothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.ObesitySydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NoblelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”RobotsRodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”EnergyBillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says:”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”nIdeally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.SocietyGeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:”TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brigheter,wiser,happierandkinder”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?A)AsolutiontotheglobalenergycrisisB)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.C)ThelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscienceD)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.A)mayinvitetroubleB)maynotcometrueC)willfoolthepublicD)domoreharmthangood3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantationB)morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantationC)animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodiesD)organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday4.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigarr,proplewill____.A)lifeforaslongastheywishB)berelievedfromallsufferingsC)lifeto100andmorewithvitalityD)beabletolivelongerthanwhales5.PricetonprofessorFreemanSysonthinksthat____.A)scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartooursB)humanswillbeabletosettleonMarsC)alienlifewilllikelybediscoveredD)lifewillstarttoevolveonMars6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans_____.nA)MightsurvieallcatastrophesonearthB)MightacquireamplenaturalresourcesC)WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreelyD)Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstitueinPhiladelpia,predictsthat_____.A)humanorganscanbumanufacturedlikeappliancesB)peoplewillbeasstronganddymamicassupermenC)humannervescanbereplancedbyopticfibersD)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow8.rodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentof__artificaialintelligenceforrobots_____9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan’tbeusedtomake__pollutions___________10AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof_________religion_______PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)听力部分试题略PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ifmovietrailers(预告片)aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That’swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral(震撼心灵的).Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints."United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,nproceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere’reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That’sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答47.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededincausingareactionwhenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.48.Themovie"United93"issuretogiverisetoanemotionaldebate.49.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedforexploitinganationaltragedy.51.CaroleO’Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryistoraisetheawarenessaboutsecurity.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughtthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhenmerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfirstfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006. IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?A)TheireconomyisplungingB)Theycan’taffordtripstoEuropeC)TheircurrencyhasslumpedD)Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.53.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.54HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.Swiththedevalueddollar?TheyfeelcontemptuousofitTheyaresympatheticwithit.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?TheytreatthedollarwithalittlerespectTheytrytowinintheweak-dollargambleTheyvacationathomeratherthanabroadTheytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.56Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)?Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.ThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadimeThedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.nInthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsession(痴迷)ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-poinntincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke(偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.Gettingintoyalemaysignifyintellgence,talentandAmbition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetiton.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.princetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpdexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.theveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtodeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whydosetheauthorsaythatparengsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C.theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D.theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?A.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C.Theirchildreneillhavehaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewersyudentthantheyusedto.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbykidscountmorethantheircollege(Line1,para.4?A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.nB.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportangthantheircollegebackground.D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.60.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?A.GETtingintoPh.d.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.61.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______A.theyearblessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplicationPartVClozeDirections:thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,IMetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtomethatthecountryhadaperfectsolutiontoitseconomicproblems.WatchingtheU.S.economy___62___duringthe‘90s,theGermanshaddecidedthatthey,too,neededtogothehigh-technology___63___.Buthow?Inthelate‘90s,theanswerschemedobvious.Indians.___64___all,IndianentrepreneursaccountedforoneofeverythreeSiliconValleystart-ups.SotheGermangovernmentdecidedthatitwould___65___IndianstoTermanyjustasAmericadoesby___66___greencards.OfficialscreatedsomethingcalledtheGermanGreenCardand___67___thattheywouldissue20,000inthefirstyear.___68___,theGermansexpectedthattensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome,andperhapsthe___69___wouldhavetobeincreased.Buttheprogramwasafailure.Ayearlater___70___halfofthe20,000cardshadbeenissued.Afterafewextensions,theprogramwas___71___.ItoldtheGermanofficialatthetimethatIwassurethe___72___wouldfail.It’snotthatIhadanyparticularexpertiseinimmigrationpolicy,___73___Iunderstoodsomethingaboutgreencards,becauseIhadone(theAmerican___74___).TheGermanGreenCardwasmismand,Iargued,__75__itnever,underanycircumtances,translatedintoGermancitizenship.TheU.S.greencard,bycontrast,isanalmost__76__pathtobecomingAmerican(afterfiveyearsandacleanrecord).Theofficial__77__myobjection,sayingthattherewasnowayGermanywasgoingtoofferthesepeoplecitizenship.”weneedyoungtachworkers,”hesaid.”that’swhatthispro-gramisall__78__.”soGermanywasaskingbrightyoung__79__toleavetheircountry,cultureandfamilies,movethousandsofmilesaway,learnanewlanguageandworkinastrangeland—butwithoutany__80__ofeverbeingpartoftheirnewhome.Germanywassengingasignal,onethatwas___81___receivedinIndiaandothercountries,andalsobyGermany’sownimmigrantcommunity.62.A)soarC)amplifyB)hoverD)intensify63.A)circuitC)traitB)strategyD)route64.A)OfC)InB)AfterD)At65.A)importC)conveyB)kidnapD)luren66.A)offeringC)evacuatingB)installingD)formulating67.A)conferredC)announcedB)inferredD)verified68.A)SpeciallyC)ParticularlyB)NaturallyD)Consistently69.A)quotasC)measuresB)digitsD)scales70.A)invariablyC)barelyB)literallyD)solely71.A)repelledC)combatedB)deletedD)abolished72.A)adventureC)initiativeB)responseD)impulse73.A)andC)soB)butD)or74.A)heritageC)notionB)revisionD)version75A)becauseB)unlessC)ifD)while76A)aggressiveB)automaticC)vulnerableD)voluntary77A)overtookB)fascinatedC)submittedD)dismissed78A)towardsB)roundC)aboutD)over79A)dwellersB)citizensC)professionalsD)amateurs80A)prospectB)suspicionC)outcomeD)destination81A)partiallyB)clearlyC)brightlyD)vividlyPartVITranslationDirections:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople2008年6月英语六级A卷完整答案Part1Writing范文一Recentdecadeshaveseentherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,andtherebyE-bookshavewoundtheirwayintoourdailylife.BecauseofthewideandquickpopularityofE-books,therehasbeenanincreasingcontroversyoverthequestionofwhetherE-bookswillreplacetraditionalbooksornot.ManypeopleholdtheideathatitwillnottakelongforE-bookstoreplacetraditionalbooksbecauseE-bookshavequiteafewadvantagesovertraditionalones.First,E-booksaremoreaccessibletoreaders,becausethereadersjustneedtologontotheinternetandreadonline.Second,thankstotheadvancedtechnology,thecostofE-booksismuchlower,soittakesreadersfarlessmoneytobuyE-books.Lastbutnottheleast,readingE-bookshasdevelopedintopartofourdailylife,whichisparticularlyappealingtoyoungusers,whoarethebodypartoftheusersofelectronicproducts.nAsfarasI’mconcerned,itisnotlikelyforE-bookstoreplacetraditionalbooksforlotsofreasons.Forexample,longtimeofreadingE-bookswilldomoreharmtooureyes,andreaderswillfindthemselvesmoreaccessibletoprintedmaterialsbecausecomputersandtheinternethaven’tyetbeenpopularizedtoeverycornerofourlife.范文二E-books,orelectronicbooks,havethesameinformationandneedthesamereadingexperienceasthetraditionalbooks,whichyouactuallyholdinyourhands.E-bookshavesomanybenefitsthattheywillreplacetraditionalbooks.E-bookscanbecreatedonashoestringbudgetwhiletheauthorsoftraditionalbookswillhavetoovercomeatoughsalestargetbeforetheyevenconsidermakingaprofitonthebook.E-booksarequickertocreatebecausetheycouldbewrittenandpublishedinaslittleasaweekwhilethetimespanbetweenstartingatraditionalbookandwritingitcouldtakearoundayearortwo.E-booksareeasiertotargetawidemarketbecausetheymaybesoldontheInternettoanyonewithacreditcardandanInternetconnectioninanyplaceintheworld,whilewithatraditionalbookitmaybedifficulttoexpandtonewmarkets,sinceitwillinvolvefurthersignificantcostsondistributionandmarketing.Toconclude,E-booksareaveryvaluabletoolthatcouldbeusedasaprofitcentre,asapublishingtoolorasamarketingtool.Theyhavemanyadvantagesoverthetraditionalbooks.E-bookswillreplacetraditionalbooks.Part2ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.D)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury.2.B)maynotcometrue3.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantation4.C)liveto100andmorewithvitality5.C)alienlifewilllikelybediscovered6.A)mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearth7.D)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow8.artificialintelligence9.weapons10.religionPart3ListeningComprehensionSectionA11.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.C)Arealnuisance.14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.15.B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.17.D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.C)Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.19.B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.20.B)Aworldofantiques.21.D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.22.B)30,00023.C)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.24.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.25.B)Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.nSectionBPassage126.D)Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansofwaterrecreation.27.A)Waterscooteroperatorslackofexperience.28.B)Theyproducetoomuchnoise.29.D)Enforcenecessaryregulations.Passage230.D)Theyarechanging.31.B)Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.32.C)Keepafriendlydistance.Passage333.D)Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34.B)Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.35.C)Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.SectionC36.survive37.complicated38.offenders39.whereby40.incurring41.influence42.serving43.restore44.Thealternativetocapitalpunishmentislongersentences.Buttheywouldcertainlycostthetaxpayersmuchmoney.45.thatdoesnotmeanthatpersonisn'tguiltyofthecrime,orthatheshouldn'tpaysocietythedebtheowes.46.alargepartofitinprisonforactsthathecommittedwhilenotinfullcontrolofhismind.Part4ReadinginDepthSectionA47.causingareaction48.anemotionaldebate49.Theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.exploitinganationaltragedy51.raiseawarenessSectionBnPassage152.B)Theircurrencyhasslumped.53.C)Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.54.D)Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55.C)Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad.56.A)Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.Passage257.D)Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.A)Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.59.C)Kid’sactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgrounds.60.B)Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.61.C)theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationPart5Cloze62.A)soar63.D)route64.A)Of65.A)import66.A)offering67.C)announced68.D)Consistently69.A)quotas70.C)barely71.D)abolished72.C)initiative73.B)but74.D)version75.A)because76.B)automatic77.D)dismissed78.C)about79.C)professionals80.A)prospect81.B)clearlyPart6Translation82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhoaredevotedtopoemsintheirwholelives(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsiveandunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhavemadeareplylastweek.(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiment(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口相互争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationdependslargelyon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducation.n2009年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班2.对这种做法有人表示支持，也有人并不赞成3.我认为……ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BossesSay“Yes”toHomeWorkRisingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice—allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo—staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcounts(员工数)andtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon’thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries.Whilecompanymanagershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,scepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpensesteleworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstothebusiness.Yetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter-Telresearchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmall-and-medium-sizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtohaveintroducedflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthebusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces.Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingapieceofcake.“Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,”saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire.“Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis.”Oneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativeplansinplaceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading(伪装)asbusiness-friendlybroadband.“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.“Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested(拥堵的)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestonlookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport.”Suchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessemailinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphoneservices.Internet-basedtelecoms,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicemailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.Bylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedtoaccommodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromotingteleworkingrecently.Thecompany,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基础设施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.MarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexplainsthatthecompanyhasarelativelyyoungworkforce,manyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatmaximumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkisclient-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday.”Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasupdatingitssystemsanyway,thecompanyspent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttothecompanynetworksandaccessalltheirusualresources.AlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetquantifiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedtelephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)poppingupallovertheplace,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,”headds.Thecompanywillalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingateleworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandinghercompany’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehostingcompany,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthecompany’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.Ithasenabledthecompanytodispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn’tneedthemanymore.“Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,emailandatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving￡16,000ayearnonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A)Howbusinessmanagersviewhi-tech.B)Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees.C)Howtocutdownthecostsofsmallbusinesses.D)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking.2.FromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-Tel,welearnthat.A)moreemployeesworktofullcapacityathomeB)employeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallbusinessesC)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolutionsD)attitudestowardITtechnologyhavechanged3.WhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyPoulton?A)Reducedcostoftelecommunications.B)Improvedreliabilityofinternetservice.C)AvailabilityoftheVoIPservice.D)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere.4.WhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetservices?A)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders.B)Theycontactproviderslocatednearesttothem.C)Theycarefullyexaminethecontract.D)Theycontractthecheapestprovider.5.Internet-basedtelecomsfacilitatesremoteworkingby__________.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservicesB)givingaccesstoemailinginrealtimeC)helpingclientsdiscussbusinessathomeD)providingcallscompletelyfreeofcharge6.TheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedteleworkinginitiallyinorderto__________.A)presentapositiveimagetoprospectivecustomersB)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareofC)attractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkforitD)reduceoperationalexpensesofasecondoffice7.AccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,teleworkingenabledthecompanyto__________.A)enhanceitsmarketimageB)reducerecruitmentcostsC)keephighlyqualifiedstaffD)minimiseitsofficespace8.WrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthecompanybuthelpsimproveemployees’.9.Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe__________whiletraveling.10.SinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto__________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillnbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.D)Theydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.12.A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean’sposition.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.13.A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.14.A)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.B)TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.C)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.15.A)Cooktheirdinner.B)Restforawhile.C)Gettheircarfixed.D)Stopforthenight.16.A)Newly-launchedproducts.B)Consumerpreferences.C)Surveyresults.D)Surveymethods.17.A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse.B)Thewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbow.C)Theinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysreliable.D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.18.A)Thecourseisopentoallnextsemester.B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.D)Hewilldrophiscourseinmarketing.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.B)Amanageratacomputerstore.C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.D)Developingcomputerprograms.21.A)Shelikessomethingmorechallenging.nB)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.22.A)Rightaway.B)Intwomonths.C)Earlynextmonth.D)Inacoupleofdays.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.C)Itisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsago.D)Itwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.24.A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.C)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.25.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.B)Thejobposedapotentialthreattoherhealth.C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.28.A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup.D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.29.A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.B)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.PassageTwonQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalisation.D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.31.A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.C)Sharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromothercultures.D)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.32.A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.B)Labormarketisgettingglobalised.C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.D)Globalisationwilleliminatemanyjobs.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintelligent.34.A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.C)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.D)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.35.A)Theyforcepeopletofollowtheculturalmainstream.B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.ThenameisfromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasanasset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewerenodevicesfortakingnotes,andearlyGreekorators(演说家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreatbecausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryisanassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.Theyourbrainregisterstheword“apple”,ittheshape,color,taste,smellandofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”..Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory..AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,nCanada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationusingaspeakerphone.AsKunarandHorowitzreport,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7metrestothebrakingdistanceofacartravellingat100kph.Theyalsofoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83%moreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.Totrytounderstandmoreaboutwhythiswas,theytriedtwofurthertests.Inone,membersofagroupwereaskedsimplytorepeatwordsspokenbythecaller.Intheother,theyhadtothinkofawordthatbeganwiththelastletterofthewordtheyhadjustheard.Thoseonlyrepeatingwordsperformedthesameasthosewithnodistraction,butthosewiththemorecomplicatedtaskshowedevenworsereactiontimes—anaverageof480millisecondsextradelay.Thisshowsthatwhenpeoplehavetoconsidertheinformationtheyhearcarefully,itcanimpairtheirdrivingabilitysignificantly.Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.47.Carryingonamobilephoneconversationwhileoneisdrivingisconsidereddangerousbecauseitseriouslydistracts.48.Intheexperiments,thetwogroupsofvolunteerswereaskedtohandleaseriesofmovingtaskswhichwereconsidered.49.Resultsoftheexperimentsshowthatthosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecalltooktoreactthanthosewhowerenot.50.Furtherexperimentsrevealthatparticipantstendtorespondwithextradelayiftheyarerequiredtodo.51.Theauthorbelievespersuasion,ratherthan,mightbetheonlywaytostoppeoplefromusingmobilephoneswhiledriving.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.nThereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鸣得意的）greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活跃分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.52.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?A)Aheateddebate.B)Popularsupport.C)Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcriticism.54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.55.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.n56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.A)theuncertainB)thequantifiableC)anearthquakeD)unhealthyfoodPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返还费用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.Whowillbetheretotreatthem?57.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.A)theinadequatetrainingofphysiciansB)thedecliningnumberofdoctorsC)theshrinkingprimarycareresourcesD)theever-risinghealthcarecosts58.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.nA)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecureB)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsC)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthD)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter59.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertimeB)improvetheirexpertiseandserviceC)makevariousdealswithspecialistsD)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality60.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.61.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.PartVCloze(5minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichmadeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.62.A)elevatingB)conveningC)launchingD)projecting63.A)signalsB)signsC)commercialsD)brandsn“Welitterersfordroppingthisfastfoodlitterthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshavepertinent(相关的)messagesforthefastfood.Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoretolitteringbytheircustomers.”HerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,placinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreducepackaging,headded.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)orotherforthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsatpointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereinManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookitsonlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackagingmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardtotheimpactoflitteroncommunities，itwas“stilldowntothecustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognisedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,havingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptheissue.64.A)condemnB)refuteC)uncoverD)disregard65.A)aroundB)towardC)inD)off66.A)industryB)careerC)professionD)vocation67.A)excludeB)discourageC)suppressD)retreat68.A)incorporatingB)includingC)comprisingD)containing69.A)unreliableB)unrelatedC)unimportantD)unnecessary70.A)forB)aboutC)withD)to71.A)accessoriesB)meritsC)incentivesD)dividends72.A)curiousB)mysteriousC)strangeD)strategic73.A)narratorB)spokesmanC)mediatorD)broker74.A)inseasonB)atriskC)offhandD)underway75.A)responsibilityB)liabilityC)commissionD)administration76.A)aroundB)byC)onD)above77.A)divertB)minimizeC)degradeD)suspend78.A)ifB)whetherC)soD)but79.A)individualB)concreteC)uniqueD)respective80.A)exceptB)withoutC)despiteD)via81.A)dealB)tackleC)copeD)disposenPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?—(这要看你多长时间穿一次).83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).84.Themanager(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawayforsomeurgentbusinessabroad.85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86.Much(我感到遗憾),Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.2009年6月英语六级考试真题与答案真题：PartIWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.有人说名字或名称很重要　　2.也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要　　3.我认为　　OntheImportanceofaName　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　HelicopterMomsvs.Free-RangeKidsWouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbackto"Longstoryshort:mysongothomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn’texpecttogethitwithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.　　“Longstoryshort:Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence,”SkenazywroteonApril4intheNewYorkSun.“Longstorylonger:HalfthepeopleI’vetoldthisepisodetonowwanttoturnoninforchildabuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It’snot.It’sdebilitating(使虚弱)—forusandforthem.”　　OnlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy’sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN(accompaniedbyherson)andonpopularblogslikethebuffingtonpost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined“MoreFromAmerica’sWorstMom.”　　Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.AreModernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?n　　Fromthe“she’sanirresponsiblemother”campcame:“Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,”inCommentsonthebuffingtonpost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour:“Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidn’tcomehome?”ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe“helicopterparent”trend:“GoodforthisMom,”onecommenterwroteonthebuffingtonpost.“Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck.”　　Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog—FreeRange,kids—promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses—andevensubways—allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting.“AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsafekids.Webelieveincarseatsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedasecurityguard.”　　Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?Arecitiesandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?　　Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit’severbeen;it’sranked36thincrimeamongallAmericancities.Nationwide,stringerkidnapsareextremelyrare;there’saone-in-a-millionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25years’ago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.　　Thenthere’sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.PartoftheproblemisthatwithwalltowallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit’snotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren’stimeandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday’sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisetthemselvestoschool.　　Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andtheyareworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat’snotusedtopedestrians.Ontheotherhand,therearestillplentyofkidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms.“Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshavetotakethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheschools,”saysDr.RichardGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.　　Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorenfreedom,there’snoclear-cutanswer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.What’srightforSkenazy’snine-year-oldcouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissue,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher.“Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild’slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild’sgeneraljudgmentshouldbeweighed.”　　GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone.“Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes.”　　Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidn’t:thecellphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn’tgiveherkidhercellphonebecauseshethoughthe’dloseitandwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingonmom—amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptrackoftheirkids.　　Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachild’severymovementviatheInternet—withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasthey’reonparole(假释).　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.WhenLenoreSkenazy’ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,he________.　　A．wasafraidthathemightgetlost　　B．enjoyedhavingtheindependence　　C．wasonlytoopleasedtotaketherisk　　D．thoughthewasanexceptionalchild　　2.LenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatch　　A．hinderstheirhealthygrowth　　B．addstoomuchtoparents’expenses　　C．showstraditionalparentalcaution　　D．bucksthelatestparentingtrend　　3.Skenazy’sdecisiontolethersontaketheSubwayalonehasnetwith________.　　A．oppositionfromherownfamily　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　4.Skenazystartedherownblogto________.　　A．promotesensibleparenting　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　5.Accordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCity________.n　　A．rankshighinroadaccidents　　B．ismuchsafethanbefore　　C．rankslowinchildmortalityrates　　D．islessdangerousthansmallcities　　6.Parentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids’safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecause________.　　A．therearenowfewerchildreninthefamily　　B．thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasbeenincreasing　　C．theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime　　D．crimerateshavebeenontheriseovertheyears　　7.Accordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependson________.　　A．thetraditionsandcustomsofthecommunity　　B．thesafetyconditionsoftheirneighborhood　　C．theirparents’psychologicalmakeup　　D．theirmaturityandpersonalqualities　　8.AccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfromUnsafesituations.　　9.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparents’Theiranxietyandcontrol.　　10.NowadayswiththehelpofGPScellphones,parentscan,fromadistance,tracktheirchildren’sMovements.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.A．Fredforgottocallhimlastnightaboutthecampingtrip.　　B．HeisnotgoingtolendhissleepingbagtoFred.　　C．HehasnotseenFredatthegymforsometime.　　D．Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.　　12.A．Summerhasbecomehotterinrecentyears.　　B．Itwillcooldownabitovertheweekend.　　C．Swimminginapoolhasarelaxingeffect.　　D．Hehopestheweatherforecastisaccurate.　　13.A．TakingapictureofProf.Brown.　　B．Commentingonanoil-painting.　　C．HostingaTVprogram.　　D．Stagingaperformance.　　14.A．Shecanhelpthemantakecareoftheplants.　　B．Mostplantsgrowbetterindirectsunlight.　　C．Theplantsneedtobewateredfrequently.　　D．Theplantsshouldbeplacedinashadyspot.　　15.A．Changetoamoreexcitingchannel.　　B．Seethemoviesomeothertime.n　　C．Gotobedearly.　　D．Stayuptilleleven.　　16.A．Bothofthemarelaymenofmodernart.　　B．Shehasbeamedtoappreciatemodemsculptures.　　C．Italianartists’worksaredifficulttounderstand.　　D．Modernartistsaregenerallyconsideredweird.　　17.A．Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone.　　B．Theyhavecalledallclubmemberstocontribute.　　C．Theythinkthedaycanbecalledamemorableone.　　D．Theyfindithardtoraisemoneyforthehospital.　　18.A．Themanshouldn’thesitatetotakethecourse.　　B．Themanshouldtalkwiththeprofessorfirst.　　C．Thecourseisn’topentoundergraduates.　　D．Thecoursewillrequirealotofreading.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A．Currenttrendsineconomicdevelopment.　　B．Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.　　C．StoriesaboutBritain’srelationswithothernations.　　D．Conflictsandcompromisesamongpoliticalparties.　　20.A．Basedonthepollofpublicopinions.　　B．Byinterviewingpeoplewhofilecomplaints.　　C．Byanalyzingthedomesticandinternationalsituation.　　D．Basedonpublicexpectationsandeditors’judgment.　　21.A．Underlyingrulesofediting.　　B．Practicalexperience.　　C．Audience’sfeedback.　　D．Professionalqualifications.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.A．Theaveragelifespanwaslessthan50years.　　B．Itwasverycommonforthemtohave12children.　　C．Theyretiredfromworkmuchearlierthantoday.　　D．Theywerequiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.　　23.A．Getreadyforecologicalchanges.　　B．Adapttothenewenvironment.　　C．Learntousenewtechnology.　　D．Explorewaystostayyoung.　　24.A．Whenallwomengoouttowork.　　B．Whenfamilyplanningisenforced..　　C．Whenaworldgovernmentissetup.　　D．Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier.　　25.A．Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.　　B．Migratetootherplanets.　　C．Controltheenvironment.　　D．Findinexhaustibleresources.n　　SectionB　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.A．Tohelpyoungpeopleimprovetheirdrivingskills.　　B．Toalertteenagerstothedangersofrecklessdriving.　　C．Toteachyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes.　　D．Toshowteensthepenaltiesimposedoncarelessdrivers.　　27.A．Roadaccidents.　　B．Streetviolence.　　C．Drugabuse.　　D．Lungcancer.　　28.A．Ithaschangedteens’wayoflife.　　B．Ithasmadeteensfeellikeadults.　　C．Ithasaccomplisheditsobjective.　　D．Ithasbeensupportedbyparents.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.A．Customersmaygetaddictedtothesmells.　　B．Customersmaybemisledbythesmells.　　C．Ithidesthedefectsofcertaingoods.　　D．Itgivesrisetounfaircompetition.　　30.A．Flexible.　　B．Critical.　　C．Supportive.　　D．Cautious.　　31.A．Theflowerscentstimulatedpeople’sdesiretobuy.　　B．Strongersmellshadgreatereffectsonconsumers.　　C．Mostshoppershatedthesmalltheshoestore.　　D．84%ofthecustomerswereunawareofthesmells.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.A．Agoodstrainhitabuscarryingmanypassengers.　　B．Twopassengertrainscrashedintoeachother.　　C．Apassengertraincollidedwithagoodstrain.　　D．Anexpresstrainwasderailedwhenhitbyabomb.　　33.A．Therescueoperationshavenotbeenveryeffective.　　B．Morethan300injuredpassengerswerehospitalized.　　C．Thecauseofthetragicaccidentremainsunknown.　　D．Theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable.　　34.A．Therewasabombscare.　　B．Therewasaterroristattack.　　C．Afirealarmwassetoffbymistake.n　　D．50poundsofexplosiveswerefound.　　35.A．Followpolicemen’sdirections.　　B．Keepaneyeweather.　　C．Avoidsnow-coveredroads.　　D．Drivewithspecialcare.　　SectionC　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Englishistheleadinginternationallanguage.Indifferentcountriesaroundtheglobe,Englishisacquiredasthemother(36)________,inothersit’susedasasecondlanguage.SomenationsuseEnglishastheir(37)________language,performingthefunctionof(38)________;inothersit’susedasaninternationallanguageforbusiness,(39)________andindustry.　　Whatfactorsandforceshaveledtothe(40)________ofEnglish?WhyisEnglishnowconsideredtobesoprestigiousthat,acrosstheglobe,individualsandsocietiesfeel(41)________iftheydonothave(42)________inthislanguage?HowhasEnglishchangedthrough1,500Years?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatyou(43)________whenyoustudyEnglish.　　YoualsoexaminetheimmensevariabilityofEnglishand(44)________.Youdevelopin-depthknowledgeoftheintricatestructureofthelanguage.Whydosomenon-nativespeakersofEnglishclaimthatit’sadifficultlanguagetolearn,while(45)________?AttheUniversityofSussex,youareintroducedtothenatureandgrammarofEnglishinallaspects.Thisinvolvesthestudyofsoundstructures,theformationofwords,thesequencingwordsandtheconstructionofmeaning,aswellasexaminationofthetheoriesexplainingtheaspectsofEnglishusage.(46)________,whichareraisedbystudyinghowspeakersandwritersemployEnglishforawidevarietyofpurposes.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　ThereisnothingnewaboutTVandfashionmagazinesgivinggirlsunhealthyideasabouthowthintheyneedtobeinordertobeconsideredbeautiful.WhatissurprisingisthemethodpsychologistsattheUniversityofTexashavecomeupwithtokeepgirlsfromdevelopingeatingdisorders.Theirmainweaponagainstsuperskinny(role)models:abrandofcivildisobediencedubbed“bodyactivism.”　　Since2001,morethan1,000highschoolandcollegestudentsintheU.S.haveparticipatedintheBodyProject,whichworksbygettinggirlstounderstandhowtheyhavebeenbuyingintothenotionthatyouhavetobethintobehappyorsuccessful.Aftercritiquing(评论)theso-calledthinidealbywritingessaysandrole-playingwiththeirpeers,participantsaredirectedtocomeupwithandexecutesmall,nonviolentacts.Theyincludeslippingnotessaying“Loveyourbodythewayitis”intodietingbooksatstoreslikeBordersandwritingletterstoMattel,makersoftheimpossiblyproportionedBarbiedoll.　　AccordingtoastudyinthelatestissueoftheJournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,ntheriskofdevelopingeatingdisorderswasreduced61%amongBodyProjectparticipants.Andtheycontinuedtoexhibitpositivebody-imageattitudesaslongasthreeyearsaftercompletingtheprogram,whichconsists,offourone-hoursessions.Suchlastingeffectsmaybeduetogirls’realizingnotonlyhowtheywerebeinginfluencedbutalsowhowasbenefitingfromthesocietalpressuretobethin.“Thesepeoplewhopromotetheperfectbodyreallydon’tcareaboutyouatall,”saysKelseyHertel,ahighschooljuniorandBodyProjectveteraninEugene,Oregon.“Theypurposefullymakeyoufeellikelessofapersonsoyou’llbuytheirstuffandthey’llmakemoney.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Weredogirlsgetthenotionthattheyneedtobethininordertobeconsideredbeautiful?　　48.Bypromoting“bodyactivism,”UniversityofTexaspsychologistsaimtoprevent________.　　49.Accordingtotheauthor,Mattel’sBarbiedollsare________.　　50.ThepositiveeffectsoftheBodyProjectmaylastupto________.　　51.OneBodyProjectparticipantsaysthattherealmotiveofthosewhopromotetheperfectbodyisto________.　　SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.　　ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.　　Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.　　Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonnthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.　　A．humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive　　B．effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout　　C．governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction　　D．marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction　　53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?　　A．Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.　　B．Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.　　C．Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.　　D．Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.　　54.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?　　A．Theirinadequatefoodsupply.　　B．Unregulatedcommercialfishing.　　C．Theirlowerreproductivelyability.　　D．Contaminationofseawater　　55.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?　　A．Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.　　B．Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.　　C．Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.　　D．Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.　　56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto________.　　A．persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles　　B．stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected　　C．callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival　　D．warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies　　PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.　　A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduateearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(报复性地)sincethe1980s.In2005,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.　　There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthenstrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in2007-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.　　No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.　　Aswithautomobiles,consumersintoday’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld’shottestconsumertrend,maybeit’sbesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(混合动力汽车);anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?　　A．Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.　　B．Itdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.　　C．Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.　　D．Goingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.　　58.ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,________.　　A．enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversities　　B．thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduates　　C．competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantoday　　D．thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed　　59.Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan________.　　A．savemoreontuition　　B．receiveabettereducation　　C．takemoreliberal-artscourses　　D．avoidtravelinglongdistances　　60.Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents________.　　A．regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestment　　B．placeapremiumontheprestigeoftheCollege　　C．thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollege　　D．considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct　　61.Whatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?　　A．Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.　　B．Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheirbudgets.n　　C．Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.　　D．Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　SomehistoriansaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(总统任期)inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa__62__project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman__63__asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower’sinterstatehighways__64__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__65__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless__66__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__67__libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__68__.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,__69__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.　　TheInternethadits__70__ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which__71__AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto__72__information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__73__missionistopromotescience,tookover.　　ThisnewNSFnetwork__74__moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,mayof__75__hadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat__76__theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork__77__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.__78__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.　　SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructure(基础设施)onwhichweb__79__move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__80__researchnetwork.　　Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__81__an“informationsuperhighway.”　　62.A．conciseC．massiveB．radicalD．trivial　　63.A．behaviorsC．inventionsB．endeavorsD．elements　　64.A．packedC．suppressedB．stuckD．bound　　65.A．facilitatedC．mobilizedB．modifiedD．terminated　　66.A．competitiveC．exclusiveB．comparativeD．expensive　　67.A．mergesC．relaysB．connectsD．unifies　　68.A．figuresC．individualsB．personalitiesD．humans　　69.A．andC．orB．yetD．while　　70.A．samplesC．originsB．sourcesD．precedents　　71.A．stoodbyC．stoodagainstB．stoodforD．stoodover　　72.A．exchangeC．switchB．bypassD．interact　　73.A．theirC．whenB．thatD．whose　　74.A．expandedC．attractedB．contractedD．extended　　75.A．whatC．theseB．whichD．them　　76.A．joinedC．participatedB．attachedD．involved　　77.A．moreoverC．likewiseB．howeverD．then　　78.A．WithC．InB．ByD．As　　79.A．contextsC．messagesB．signsD．leaflets　　80.A．citizenC．amateurB．civilianD．residentn　　81.A．intoC．overB．amidD．toward　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk________(说服他不买车).　　83.________(保持幽默有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety..　　84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,________(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).　　85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink________(一定有人在说他们坏话).　　86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).参考答案快速阅读：1B）enjoyedhavingtheindependence2A）hinderstheirhealthygrowth3D）somewhatmixedresponses4A）promotesensibleparenting5B）ismuchsaferthanbefore6C）theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime7D）theirmaturityandpersonalqualities8unsafesituations9anxietyandcontrol10everymovement短对话11.D)Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.12.B)Itwillcooldownovertheweekend.13.C)HostingaTVprogram.14.D)Theplantsshouldbeputinashadyspot.15.C)Gotobedearly.16.B)Shehaslearnedtoappreciatemodernsculptures.17.A)Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone18.A)Themanshouldn'thesitatetotakethecourse长对话19B）Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.20D）Basedonpublicexpectation21D)Professionalqualification22A）Theiraveragelifespanwaslessthan5023C）learntousenowtechnology.24D)Whenallpeoplebecomewealthiern25C）Controlenvironment短文听力26.B)toalertyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes27A)roadaccidents28.C)ithasaccomplisheditsobjective29B)customersmaybemisledbythesmells30B）critical31A）theflowerscentstimulatedpeople’sdesiretobuy32C）apassengertrainscollidedwithagoodstrain33D)theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable34A)therewasabombscare35D）drivewithspecialcare复合式听写36.tongue37.official38.administration39commerce40spread41disadvantaged42confidence43investigate44.cometounderstandhowitisusedasasymbolofbothindividualidentityandsocialconnection45.infantsbornintoEnglish-speakingcommunitiesacquiretheirlanguagebeforetheylearntousefolksandknives46.Youareencouragetodevelopyourownindividualresponsestovariouspracticalandtheoreticalissues阅读答案简答：47TVandfashionmagazines.48developingeatingdisorders49impossiblyproportioned50threeyears51makemoney仔细阅读：52B)effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout.53D)Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.54B)Unregulatedcommercialfishing.55A)Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.56C)callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival.57C)Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartingcosts.58D)Thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed59A)savemoreontuition60D)considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct61B)Asatisfyingexperiencewiththeirbudgets.n完形：62.C.massive63.B.endeavors64.D.bound65.A.facilitated66.C.exclusive67.B.connects68.C.individuals69.A.and70.D.precedents71.B.stoodfor72.A.exchange73.Dwhose74.C.attract75.B.which76.A.joined77.D.then78.A.with79.C.messages80.B.civilian81.B.amid翻译：82.overhimnottobuyacar83.Keepingsenseofhumoriscontributiveto84.hehadnochoicebuttoconfesshisguilt85.someonemustarespeakingillofthem86.itdifficulttoresistthetemptationoficecream2009年12月大学英语六级考试答案（B卷）PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)1.B)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking。2.C)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolution3.C)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere。4.B)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders。5.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservices6.D)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareof7.B)keephighlyqualifiedstaff8.homelife9.productive10.increaseherownproductivityPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad。12.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess。13.A)Theconcertisveryimpressive。14.B)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays。15.D)Stopforthenight。16.A)Surveyresults。17.D)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse。18.C)Thenoticemaynotbereliable。19.D)Amanageratacomputerstore。20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints。21.C)Shewantstobewithherhusband。n22.D)Earlynextmonth。23.B)Itwillbeanajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury。24.D)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots。25.C)theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation。SectionB26.A)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenviromentalpollution。27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings。28.B)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup。29.D)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking。30.D)Theacceleratedpaceofgloblalisation。31.B)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture。32.C)Thelabourmarketisgettingglobalised。33.B)Brown-hairedwomenareratedasorecapabe。34.A)Theyareshrewddishonest。35.C)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences。SectionC36.derived37.immense38.convenient39.accuracy40.largely41.instinct42.recalls43.texture44.Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwilloftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit。45.Theassociationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagoodlink。46.IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldsometimethatItalyisshapedlikeaboot。PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)47.adriver’sattention48.equivalentindifficultytodriving49.moretime50.carfulthinking/consideration51.punishing52.D)theshrinkingprimarycareresources53.C)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter54.A)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality55.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare56.D)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians57.B)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor。58.C)Aheateddebate。59.D)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve。60.D)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren。n61.A)theunceertainPartVCloze(15minutes)62B)launching63D)brands64B)condemn65A)in66C)industry67B)exclude68D)including69C)unnecessary70C)to71B)incentives72C)strategic73A)spokesman74D)underway75B)responsibility76B)on77C)minimize78C)so79C)individual80A)despite81D)tacklePartVITranslation(5minutes)82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearit83.tobeachallengetomanytraditionalconcepts84.couldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson(byhimself)85.balanceddietisessentialtohealth86.regretfuldidIfeel2010年6月英语六级真题一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上，将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。二、试题册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场，考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。三、仔细读懂题目的说明。n四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题，然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一横线。正确方法是：[A][B][C][D]，使用其它符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。七、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；3.我认为…DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese__________________________________________________________________________________________________n________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericansAsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls."I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."StinginthetailAshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaneffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.DramaticshiftWhatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.LingeringracismIftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglynontheirmind,saysPlant.DropinbiasBrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.Talkinghonestly"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.HugeobstaclesItcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.BeyondraceWealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongfornObama,andhispopularityslumps?AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?A)Excited.B)Victorious.C)Anxious.D)Relieved.2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether_____.A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegreeB)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlifeC)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeersD)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.B)Thepowerofrolemodels.C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelectionB)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychangedC)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacksnD)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpoliciesB)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagainC)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequalityD)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotentialB)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellenceC)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansocietyD)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton______.9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's______.10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)nSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.B)Thewomanhasapoormemory.C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.12.A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.13.A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.14.A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.nB)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.15.A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.B)GoseeDaisyimmediately.C)ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone.D)BuyDaisyanewnotebook.16.A)Batteries.B)Gardentools.C)Cameras.D)Lightbulbs.17.A)Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether.B)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.C)Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.18.A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.B)Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.nD)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.20.A)Theyhateexams.B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge.C)Theyarealladults.D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.21.A)Difficultbutrewarding.B)Variedandinteresting.C)Time-consumingandtiring.D)Demandingandfrustrating.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Interviewingamovingstar.B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.C)Hostingatelevisionshow.nD)Reviewinganewbiography.23.A)Helosthismother.B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.C)Hemissedhisaunt.D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.24.A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.C)HehostedtalkshowsonTV.D)HeplayedaroleinEastofEden.25.A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.C)HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies.D)Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOnenQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.27.A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.B)HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.C)HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.28.A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.B)Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened.C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.29.A)Sunny.B)Rainy.C)Windy.D)Cloudy.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.nB)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.31.A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.32.A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.34.A)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.nB)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.35.A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(36)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(37)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(39)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.The(40)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)______bylackoflanguage.Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(44)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendsnhavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(45)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)_______________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)?Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"ThenNightWatch."Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______.48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencouragelearning.49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______.50.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______.51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,thenChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.nC)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowthB)ThefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparentsC)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialncampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.nB)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesnmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Anewstudyfoundthatinner-citykidslivinginneighborhoodswithmoregreenspacegainedabout13%lessweightoveratwo-yearperiodthankidslivingamidmoreconcreteandfewertrees.Such__62__tellapowerfulstory.Theobesityepidemicbeganinthe1980s,andmanypeople__63__ittoincreasedportionsizesandinactivity,butthatcan'tbeeverything.FastfoodsandTVshavebeen__64__usforalongtime."Mostexpertsagreethatthechangeswere__65__tosomethingintheenvironment,"sayssocialepidemiologistThomasGlassofTheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Thatsomethingcouldbea__66__ofthegreen.Thenewresearch,__67__intheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,isn'tthefirsttoassociategreenerywithbetterhealth,butitdoesgetuscloser__68__identifyingwhatworksandwhy.Atitsmoststraightforward,agreenneighborhood__69__meansmoreplacesforkidstoplay–whichis__70__sincetimespentoutdoorsisoneofthestrongestcorrelatesofchildren'sactivitylevels.Butgreenspaceisgoodforthemind__71__:researchbyenvironmentalpsychologistshasshownthatithascognitive__72__forchildrenwithattention-deficitdisorder.Inonestudy,justreading__73__inagreensettingimprovedkids'symptoms.__74__tograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedto__75__stressandalowerbodymassindex(体重指数)amongadults.Andan__76__of3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevity(长寿)amongseniorcitizens.Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon't__77__proveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey'renonethelesshelpingspuraction.InSeptembertheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives__78__thedelightfullynamedNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposingkidstotheoutdoors.Findinggreenspaceisnot__79__easy,andyoumayhavetoworkabittogetyourfamilyalittlegrassandtrees.Ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,take__80__ofwhat'sthere.Yourchildreninparticularwillloveit–andtheirbodiesandmindswillbe__81__toyou.62.A)findingsB)thesesC)hypothesesD)abstracts63.A)adaptB)attributeC)allocateD)alternate64.A)amongstB)alongC)besideD)withn65.A)gluedB)relatedC)trackedD)appointed66.A)scrapingB)denyingC)depressingD)shrinking67.A)publishedB)simulatedC)illuminatedD)circulated68.A)atB)toC)forD)over69.A)fullyB)simplyC)seriouslyD)uniquely70.A)vitalB)casualC)fatalD)subtle71.A)stillB)alreadyC)tooD)yet72.A)benefitsB)profitsC)revenuesD)awards73.A)outwardB)apartC)asideD)outside74.A)ImmunityB)ReactionC)ExposureD)Addiction75.A)muchB)lessC)moreD)little76.A)installmentB)expeditionC)analysisD)option77.A)curiouslyB)negativelyC)necessarilyD)comfortably78.A)relievedB)delegatedC)approvedD)performed79.A)merelyB)alwaysC)mainlyD)almost80.A)advantageB)exceptionC)measureD)charge81.A)elevatedB)mercifulC)contentedD)gratefulPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。n82.__________________(他们的独生儿子从未想过)toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.83.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto__________________(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances__________________(他会违背还钱的承诺).85.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids__________________(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86.Businessmajorasheis,hehas__________________(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).参考答案作文范文DueAttentionShouldBeGivenTotheStudyofChineseWithChina’sopeningup,interculturalcommunicationhasbecomemoreandmorefrequentbetweenChineseandforeigners.Agoodcommandofatleastoneforeignlanguagehasincreasinglybeenanessentialskillforus.People,especiallytheyouths,paymuchmoreattentiontoforeignlanguageacquisitionthanChinesestudy.Variousfactorscanaccountforthissituation.Firstofall,agoodcommandofaforeignlanguagemayhelpyoungpeopletogetagoodjobwhileChineseskillsmaybeofnosignificanceinone’sjobhuntingandeventheircareer.Consequently,somestudentsmaynottreasureChineselanguageanylonger.Apartfromthat,nowadaysfewerandfeweruniversitiesstimulateChineselanguagestudyincampus,whichhascausedittobemarginalized.Underthiscircumstance,Chineselanguagebecomeslessandlesspopularinuniversities.ItisclearthatprofessorsinthefieldofChinesestudyarenotsorespectedthantheywerebefore.Inviewofthissituation,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentochangeit.First,thewholesocietyshouldemphasizetheimportanceofChineselanguageinordertomakeitclearthatitisoneindispensablepartofChinesecultureandChineserace.Second,schoolsshouldpromoteChineselanguagestudyandresearch.Inaddition,weindividualsshouldcontributeourowneffortstothestudyandprotectionofChineselanguage.Toconclude,weshouldpaygreatattentiontoChineselanguage,sincetheimportanceofitisnnevertoogreattobeexaggerated.快速阅读1.DRelieved2.Bshecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife3.BThepowerofrolemodels4.DObama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests5.AThechangeinbiasagainstblackisslowincoming6.Cpeoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality7.CracialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety8.ourviewsofwomen9.politicalsentiment10.stereotypes听力SectionA11.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.12.C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.13.D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.14.B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.15.A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.16.A)Batteries.17.D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.18.A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.n19.D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.20.C)Theyarealladults.21.B)Variedandinteresting.22.C)Hostingatelevisionshow.23.A)Helosthismother.24.B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.25.B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.SectionB26C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.27A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.28A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.29B)rainy30C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.31B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.32C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.33D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.34D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.35D)Ithashadgreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.SectionC36.intelligent37.foundations38.romanticn39.reflects40.profound41.dramatically42.deprived43.hindered44.researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolationislinkedtostress,disease,andearlydeath.45.Agroupofresearchersrevealscoresofstudiesthattracetherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers.46.lonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmorevulnerabletoarangeofminerandmajorillnesses.仔细阅读SectionA47agradeabove94/ahighergrade48selectthemethodofgrading49improving50effortandaccomplishment51discusshisconcernSectionBPassage152A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.53D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.54B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.55B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.n56D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.Passage257A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.58C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama’spolicy.59D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama’spresidency.60C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.61D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.完形填空62.Afindings63.Battribute64.Dwith65.Brelated66.Dshrinking67.Apublished68.Bto69.Bsimply70.Avital71.Ctoo72.Abenefits73.Doutside74.CExposure75.Blessn76.Canalysis77.Cnecessarily78.Capproved79.Balways80.Aadvantage81.Dgrateful翻译82.Theironlysonhasneverthought83.weighyourdecisionagainstitspossibleconsequences.84.wouldhebreak/breachhispromise/commitmenttopaybackthemoney.85.shouldnotbeaddictedtocomputergames./shouldnotindulgethemselvesincomputergames/shouldnotabandonthemselvestocomputergames.86.neverconsideredworkingasasalesman.2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题（附听力原文）PartIWriting(30minutes)Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewsonUniversityRanking.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.目前高校排名相当盛行;　　2.对于这种做法人们看法不一;　　3.在我看来……MyViewsonUniversityRankingnPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.IntotheUnknown　　Theworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.Canitcope?　　Untiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.　　Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.　　Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.　　Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.　　Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplenwhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.　　Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.　　Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwesternEuropeforabout90%.　　Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslabourforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.　　Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年轻)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.　　Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowlybecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumberthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.　　Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,oldernpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.　　Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.　　Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地缘政治上).　　Askmein2020　　Thereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.　　Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.“　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.Inits1994report,theWorldBankarguedthatthecurrentpensionsysteminmostcountriescould______.　　[A]notbesustainedinthelongterm　　[B]furtheracceleratetheageingprocess　　[C]hardlyhaltthegrowthofpopulation　　[D]helptideoverthecurrentageingcrisis　　2.WhatmessageisconveyedinbookslikeYoungvsOld?n　　[A]Thegenerationgapisboundtonarrow.　　[B]Intergenerationalconflictswillintensify.　　[C]Theyoungergenerationwillbeattheold.　　[D]Oldpeopleshouldgivewaytotheyoung.　　3.Onereasonwhypensionandhealthcarereformsareslowincomingisthat______.　　[A]nobodyiswillingtosacrificetheirownintereststotackletheproblem　　[B]mostpeopleareagainstmeasuresthatwillnotbearfruitimmediately　　[C]theproposedreformswillaffecttoomanypeople’sinterests　　[D]politiciansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection　　4.Theauthorbelievesthemosteffectivemethodtosolvethepensioncrisisisto______.　　[A]allowpeopletoworklonger[C]cutbackonhealthcareprovisions　　[B]increasetaxrevenues[D]startreformsrightaway　　5.Thereasonwhyemployersareunwillingtokeepolderworkersisthat______.　　[A]theyaregenerallydifficulttomanage　　[B]thelongertheywork,thehighertheirpension　　[C]theirpayishigherthanthatofyoungerones　　[D]youngerworkersarereadilyavailable　　6.Tocompensateforthefast-shrinkinglabourforce,Japanwouldneed______.　　[A]toreviseitscurrentpopulationcontrolpolicy　　[B]largenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas　　[C]toautomateitsmanufacturingandserviceindustries　　[D]apoliticallyfeasiblepolicyconcerningpopulationn　　7.Whydomanywomeninrichcountriescompromisebyhavingonlyonechild?　　[A]Smallfamiliesarebecomingmorefashionable.　　[B]Theyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.　　[C]Itistooexpensivetosupportalargefamily.　　[D]Childcareistoobigaproblemforthem.　　8.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiesarelessinclinedto______________________________.　　9.Thepredictedintergenerationalwarfareisunlikelybecausemostoftheolderpeoplethemselves_________________________.　　10.Countriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtocommitthemto____________________________.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.[A]Themanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding.　　[B]Thewomanisverygoodatbargaining.　　[C]Thewomanwillgettheapartmentrefurnished.　　[D]Themanislookingforanapartment.　　12.[A]Howthepictureswillturnout.[C]Whatthemanthinksoftheshots.　　[B]Wherethebotanicalgardenis.[D]Whythepicturesarenotready.n　　13.[A]Thereisnoreplacementforthehandle.　　[B]Thereisnomatchforthesuitcase.　　[C]Thesuitcaseisnotworthfixing.　　[D]Thesuitcasecanbefixedintime.　　14.[A]Heneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.　　[B]Hehasafairlylargecollectionofqualitytrucks.　　[C]Hehashadhistruckadaptedforcoldtemperatures.　　[D]Hedoesroutinetruckmaintenanceforthewoman.　　15.[A]Shecannotstandherboss’sbadtemper.　　[B]Shehasoftenbeencriticizedbyherboss.　　[C]Shehasmadeuphermindtoresign.　　[D]Sheneverregretsanydecisionsshemakes.　　16.[A]Lookforashirtofamoresuitablecolorandsize.　　[B]Replacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.　　[C]Visitadifferentstoreforasilkorcottonshirt.　　[D]Getadiscountontheshirtsheisgoingtobuy.　　17.[A]Ata“LostandFound”.[C]Atatradefair.　　[B]Atareceptiondesk.[D]Atanexhibition.　　18.[A]Repairitandmovein.[C]Convertitintoahotel.　　[B]Passitontohisgrandson.[D]Sellitforagoodprice.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.[A]Uniquedescriptiveskills.[C]Colourfulworldexperiences.n　　[B]Goodknowledgeofreaders’tastes.[D]Carefulplottingandclueing.　　20.[A]Apeacefulsetting.[C]Tobeintherightmood.　　[B]Aspaciousroom.[D]Tobeentirelyalone.　　21.[A]Theyrelyheavilyontheirownimagination.　　[B]Theyhaveexperiencessimilartothecharacters’.　　[C]Theylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.　　[D]Theyareoverwhelmedbytheirownprejudices.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.[A]Goodorbad,theyaretheretostay.　　[B]Likeitornot,youhavetousethem.　　[C]Believeitornot,theyhavesurvived.　　[D]Gainorlose,theyshouldbemodernised.　　23.[A]Thefrequenttraindelays.[C]Thefoodsoldonthetrains.　　[B]Thehightrainticketfares.[D]ThemonopolyofBritishRailways.　　24.[A]Thelowefficiencyoftheiroperation.　　[B]Competitionfromothermodesoftransport.　　[C]Constantcomplaintsfrompassengers.　　[D]Thepassingofthenewtransportact.　　25.[A]Theywillbede-nationalised.[C]Theyarefastdisappearing.　　[B]Theyprovideworseservice.[D]Theylosealotofmoney.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afternyouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.[A]ThewholeAntarcticregionwillbesubmerged.　　[B]Somepolaranimalswillsoonbecomeextinct.　　[C]Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.　　[D]Theearthwillexperienceextremeweathers.　　27.[A]Howhumansaretocopewithglobalwarming.　　[B]HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.　　[C]Howvulnerablethecoastalcitiesare.　　[D]Howpolariceimpactsglobalweather.　　28.[A]Itcollapsedatleastonceinthepast1.3millionyears.　　[B]Itsitsfirmlyonsolidrockatthebottomoftheocean.　　[C]Itmeltedattemperaturesabithigherthanthoseoftoday.　　[D]Itwillhavelittleimpactonsealevelwhenitbreaksup.　　29.[A]TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceanopenocean.　　[B]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasabout7,000feetthick.　　[C]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasoncefloatingice.　　[D]TheWestAntarcticregionusedtobewarmerthantoday.　　PassageTwon　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.[A]WhetherwecandevelopsocialtiesontheInternet.　　[B]Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.　　[C]Whetherourblogscanbereneweddaily.　　[D]Whetherwecansetupourownwebsites.　　31.[A]Thenumberofvisitstheyreceive.[C]Thefilestheyhavecollected.　　[B]Thewaytheystoredata.[D]Themeanstheyusetogetinformation.　　32.[A]Whenthesystemisdown.[C]WhentheURLisreused.　　[B]Whennewlinksaresetup.[D]Whentheserverisrestarted.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.[A]Someicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.　　[B]Icedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsarecontaminated.　　[C]Drinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseobesity.　　[D]Somebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulsubstances.　　34.[A]Havesomefreshfruit.[C]Takeahotshower.　　[B]Exerciseatthegym.[D]Eatahotdinner.　　35.[A]Theycouldenjoyahappierfamilylife.　　[B]Theycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkefficiency.　　[C]Manycancercasescouldbeprevented.　　[D]Manyembarrassingsituationscouldbeavoided.　　SectionCn　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。　　Psychologistsarefindingthathopeplaysasurprisinglyvitalroleingivingpeopleameasurableadvantageinrealmsas(36)_____________asacademicachievement,bearingupintoughjobsandcopingwith(37)______________illness.And,bycontrast,thelossofhopeisturningouttobeastrongersignthatapersonmay(38)______________suicidethanotherfactorslongthoughttobemorelikelyrisks.　　“Hopehasprovenapowerfulpredictorof(39)______________ineverystudywe’vedonesofar,”saidDr.CharlesR.Snyder,apsychologistwhohasdeviseda(40)______________toassesshowmuchhopeapersonhas.　　Forexample,inresearchwith3,920collegestudents,Dr.Snyderandhis(41)______________foundthatthelevelofhopeamongfreshmenatthebeginningoftheirfirstsemesterwasamore(42)______________predictoroftheircollegegradesthanweretheirS.A.T.scoresortheirgradepoint(43)______________inhighschool,thetwomeasuresmostcommonlyusedtopredictcollegeperformance.　　(44)”___________________________________________________________________________________________,”Dr.Snydersaid.“Whenyoucomparestudentsofequivalentintelligenceandpastacademicachievements,whatsetsthemapartishope.”　　Indevisingawaytoassesshopescientifically,Dr.Snyder(45)________________________　　_______________________________.“Thatnotionisnotconcreteenough,anditblurstwokeycomponentsofhope,”Dr.Snydersaid.(46)”_____________________________________________________________________.”　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.nReadthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Mostyoungboysaretrainedtobelievethatmenshouldbestrong,tough,cool,anddetached.Thus,theylearnearlytohidevulnerableemotionssuchaslove,joy,andsadnessbecausetheybelievethatsuchfeelingsarefeminineandimplyweakness.Overtime,somemenbecomestrangerstotheirownemotionallives.Itseemsthatmenwithtraditionalviewsofmasculinityaremorelikelytosuppressoutwardemotionsandtofearemotions,supposedlybecausesuchfeelingsmayleadtoalossofcomposure(镇定).Keepinmind,however,thatthisviewischallengedbysomeresearchers.Aswithmanygendergaps,differencesinemotionalitytendtobesmall,inconsistent,anddependentonthesituation.Forinstance,Robertsonandcolleaguesfoundthatmaleswhoweremoretraditionallymasculineweremoreemotionallyexpressiveinastructuredexercisethanwhentheyweresimplyaskedtotalkabouttheiremotions.　　Males’difficultywith“tender”emotionshasseriousconsequences.First,suppressedemotionscancontributetostress-relateddisorders.Andworse,menarelesslikelythanwomentoseekhelpfromhealthprofessionals.Second,men’semotionalinexpressivenesscancauseproblemsintheirrelationshipswithpartnersandchildren.Forexample,menwhoendorsetraditionalmasculinenormsreportlowerrelationshipsatisfaction,asdotheirfemalepartners.Further,childrenwhosefathersarewarm,loving,andacceptingtowardthemhavehigherself-esteemandlowerratesofaggressionandbehaviorproblems.Onapositivenote,fathersareincreasinglyinvolvingthemselveswiththeirchildren.And30percentoffathersreportthattheytakeequalorgreaterresponsibilityfortheirchildrenthantheirworkingwivesdo.　　Oneemotionmalesareallowedtoexpressisanger.Sometimesthisangertranslatesintophysicalaggressionorviolence.Mencommitnearly90percentofviolentcrimesintheUnitedStatesandalmostallsexualassaults.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Mostyoungboyshavebeentrainedtobelievethatmenwhoshowtenderfeelingsareconsideredtobe______________.　　48.Somemenbelievethatiftheyexpressedtheiremotionsopenlytheymight______________.　　49.Accordingtotheauthor,menwhosuppresstheiremotionsmaydevelop______________.　　50.Menwhoobservetraditionalmasculinenormsaresaidtoderivelesssatisfactionfromn______________.　　51.Whenmalesgetangry,theycanbecome______________orevencommitviolence.　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.　　IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.　　Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(资质)formostnonacademiccareers.　　UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandnscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished(贫困的)withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.　　Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould_______.[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople’slivingstandards[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation’ssocialprogress　　53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarⅡ?　　[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.　　[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.　　[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.　　[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.　　54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?　　[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.　　[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.　　[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.n　　[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.　　55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?　　[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.　　[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.　　56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?　　[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.　　[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.　　[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.　　[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.　　ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.　　ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.　　Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.　　Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tnlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.　　“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.　　Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.　　Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.　　“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”　　EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.　　“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”　　PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.　　Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?　　“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?　　[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.　　[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.　　[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.　　[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.n　　58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?　　[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.　　[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.　　[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.　　[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.　　59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?　　[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.　　[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.　　[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.　　[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.　　60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?　　[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.　　[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.　　[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.　　[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.　　61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.　　[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations　　[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles　　[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations　　[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefournchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　America’smostpopularnewspaperwebsitetodayannouncedthattheeraoffreeonlinejournalismisdrawingtoaclose.TheNewYorkTimeshasbecomethebiggestpublisheryetto62plansforapaywallarounditsdigitaloffering,63theacceptedpracticethatinternetuserswillnotpayfornews.　　Struggling64anevaporationofadvertisingandadownwarddriftinstreetcornersales,TheNewYorkTimes65tointroducea“metered”modelatthebeginningof2011.Readerswillberequiredtopaywhentheyhave66asetnumberofitsonlinearticlespermonth.　　Thedecisionputsthe159-year-oldnewspaper67thechargingsideofanincreasinglywidechasm(鸿沟)inthemediaindustry.Butothers,includingtheGuardian,havesaidtheywillnot68internetreaders,andcertainpapers,69London’sEveningStandard,havegonefurtherinabandoningreadershiprevenuebymakingtheirprinteditions70.　　TheNewYorkTimes’spublisher,ArthurSulzberger,71thatthemoveisagamble:“Thisisa72,toacertaindegree,inwherewethinkthewebisgoing.”　　Boastingaprint73of995,000onweekdaysand1.4milliononSundays,TheNewYorkTimesisthethirdbestsellingAmericannewspaper,74theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday.75mostUSpapersfocusonasinglecity,TheNewYorkTimesisamongthefewthatcan76nationalscope—aswellas16bureausintheNewYorkarea,ithas11officesaroundtheUSand7726bureauselsewhereintheworld.　　But78manyinthepublishingindustry,thepaperisinthegripofa79financialcrisis.Itsparentcompany,theNewYorkTimesCompany,has15papers,but80alossof$70millionintheninemonthstoSeptemberandrecentlyaccepteda$250million81fromaMexicanbillionaire,CarlosSlim,tostrengthenitsbalancesheet.　　62.[A]setin[C]carryover　　[B]setout[D]carryaway　　63.[A]abusing[C]developing　　[B]deducting[D]abandoning　　64.[A]with[C]alongn　　[B]beside[D]by　　65.[A]engages[C]deliberates　　[B]intends[D]signifies　　66.[A]exceeded[C]assumed　　[B]multiplied[D]revealed　　67.[A]on[C]over　　[B]of[D]up　　68.[A]cost[C]expend　　[B]consume[D]charge　　69.[A]asfor[C]suchas　　[B]farfrom[D]byfar　　70.[A]reliable[C]applicable　　[B]free[D]easy　　71.[A]resisted[C]acknowledged　　[B]certified[D]appealed　　72.[A]net[C]bet　　[B]kit[D]pit　　73.[A]evaluation[C]circulation　　[B]expansion[D]dimension　　74.[A]behind[C]before　　[B]against[D]withinn　　75.[A]If[C]Hence　　[B]While[D]Because　　76.[A]ascend[C]lengthen　　[B]announce[D]claim　　77.[A]contributes[C]maintains　　[B]disposes[D]encounters　　78.[A]like[C]from　　[B]beyond[D]through　　79.[A]heavy[C]rough　　[B]crude[D]serious　　80.[A]targeted[C]suffered　　[B]suspended[D]tolerated　　81.[A]asset[C]account　　[B]bill[D]loan　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou__________________________________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.　　83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties_____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).　　84.Much_________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶),theoutcomeofntheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.　　85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).　　86.I____________________________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.2010年12月英语六级考试答案版本一：　　PartⅠ　　WritingMyViewonUniversityRanking　　Inrecentyears,allkindsofUniversityRankingListscanbefoundonsomeeducationalwebsites,ornewspapers.Therankingstandardsalsovary.Theselistshavegreatinfluenceonstudents.Theyareevenbecomingtheonlyscaletoevaluatethecollegesanduniversities.　　Peopleholddifferentviewstowardthisphenomenon.Somebelievethattheselistshelpthestudentsalot,especiallyforthosewhowillchoosetheiruniversity.Whilesomeotherprotestvigorously.Intheirpoints,thelistisreallyridiculousandharmful.Inmyview,theuniversityrankingmayhaveitsownreferencevalues,butitsdisadvantagesoverweighitsvalues.　　Forthoseuniversity-students-to-be,theyaresupposedtochoosetheschoolaccordingtohisorherownsituation,butnottheso-calledRankingList.What’smore,howabouttheuniversitystudents?Howdotheyfeelaboutthemselveswhentheyseetheranking?Thelistmaybecomesomeintangibleshacklesforthemiftheirownschoolrankspoorly.　　Inanutshell,thereisnoeasymethodtoranktheseuniversities,buttheRanking,onlyhelpsstudentsignoretheessentials,namely,theirninety-ninepercentperspiration.　　此次六级作文的自由度很大，看似给出了提纲，实际上具体的观点全靠个人发挥。第一段需要点明大学排名这个现象，第二段需要铺陈不同人的观点，第三段要陈述自己的观点。n　　大学排名这个题目，实际上涉及到了对了大学的理解，对于大学排名标准的理解，以及对于大学排名的目的的理解。而这件事更加离不开中国具体的国情，新中国50年代人至今受教育的情况，90后择校的情况，目前大学的情况，考生发挥的空间可以纵横数十年的教育史，并且可以深入探讨教育的本质。　　当然，对于大多数考生来说，凑满150个字万岁!那么，模板又可以派上用场了。　　模板一　　1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson——　　2.Somepeopleperfer,——　　3.Otherstendto,——　　4.Astome,Iagreewith/to——　　(1)开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。　　(2)表明一部分人的看法。　　(3)另一部分的看法。　　(4)作者的看法　　我们这里放出来的这篇文章，语言流畅，观点清晰，多处表述有闪光点。　　版本二：　　PartⅠ作文题目：　　1.目前高校排名相当盛行　　2.对于这种做法，人们看法不一　　3.我认为...　　Nowsocietycompetitionisverybig,collegeisnotexceptionalalso,thepresentuniversitiesrankingisquitepopular,appearveryI"ranking"drawbacks.Forthiskindofpractice,thepersonofshemvieweachnotcamera,someunderstandingrankingisverynecessary,canpromotetheschoolcompetition,someunderstandingranking,causealotofschoollanevirtualdofalseeducationquality,causingtheglide!AndIthinktheschoolrankingsofthismechanismisshouldbereserved,butneedtoregulatethearrangement,theeducationdevelopmentoftherankingssystemintomotivation,notresistance.　　作文范文：n　　Forthoseuniversitystudents-to-be,choosingtheiridealschoolisneveraneasyjob,butluckily,differentauthoritiescomeupwiththeuniversityrankingtohelp!Topstudentsshallchoosethetopschoolshighonthelistandviceversa.　　Complicatedissuebecomeseasynumericalcomparison,yettherealproblemstaysthere,canthenumericalrankingtellyouthestatusquooftheseuniversities?Arethese“authorities”producingtherankingauthoritativeenoughtomakethejudgments?Let’stakeaseriouslookattheissuebeforewejumptotheconclusionwhetheruniversityrankingisgoodorbad.　　Wehavetoadmitthatbecauseofhistoricalreasons,mostofthe1950s-1960sparentsweredeniedhighereducationandthiscruelfactmakesthemevenmoreeagertogivetheirchildrenhigheducationeventhoughtheyhavenoideaofwhatuniversityeducationisallabout.Therankinghelpsthemtomakedecisionsbasedontheirsimpleideaofbetterrankingmeansbetterjobsinfuture,andthereforebetterincome!Itispatheticthattheyinterpretknowledgeandwisdominsuchawayyetitisevenmorepatheticthatthereareso-claimedwell-educatedpeoplemakingupalltherankingandgettherankingpublishedtomisleadthem!快速阅读：　　版本一：　　PartⅡ　　ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.Anotbesustainedinthelongterm　　解析：关键字1994对应第一段第三行，题干中unsustainable即选项A中sustained的反义表达方式。选择A。　　2.BIntergenerationalconflictswillintensify.　　解析：从书名定位到原文第二段，headingfortherock,thecleaner,都暗示了两代人之间的问题，最后的warfare则一目了然地指出了该矛盾。　　3.Dpoliticiansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection　　解析：首先需要理解题目意图，即为何养老机制改革迟迟不能进行，然后定位到文章第四段，其实只要从段落中politician这一关键字就能选定D选项。　　4.Aallowpeopletoworklongern　　解析：从题干中themosteffectivemethod找到第五段第三句原话，直接选择A选项。　　5.Dyoungerworkersarereadilyavailable　　解析：题目中employer为关键字，找到第六段，该段看似没有直接提到为什么雇主不愿意雇佣oldworkers，但从其不断分析新涌现出来的劳动力替代者，可以总结的出D选项，即年轻劳动力的供给已足以满足企业需求。　　6.Blargenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas　　解析：这道题间接考察了学生变换思维的能力，Japan在文中一时难以找到，但其所代表的发达国家群体developedcountries却出现在了第七段，而该段恰恰揭示了发达国家靠移民劳动力寻求养老机制危机一时的缓解的举措。　　7.BTheyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.　　解析：compromise关键字找到第九段，关键字出现的句子前一句就是B选项。　　8.beinnovativeandtakerisksthanyoungerones　　解析：题目中oldsocieties关键字对应到倒数第六段第三行，题目中的lessinclined正好与原文中的morestronglydisinclined形成对照，所以答案只需摘录之后的原文即可，即takerisksthanyoungerones.　　9.mostlyhavefamilies　　解析：题目中关键字intergenerationalwarfare对应到原文倒数第五段。第二句直接对第一句做出了解释，摘录即可。　　10.militaryservice　　解析：要理解题目中lesswillingto的含义，即不情愿，这样定位到倒数第三段第一句的reluctant，commitsth.tosth.，空格内需要填写名词，参照原文，即militaryservice.　　版本二：　　PartII　　1D　　2A　　3An　　4D　　5D　　6B　　7A听力：　　PartⅢ　　ListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　11.Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?　　【答案】AThemanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding　　【解析】从对话中看出女士在找apartmentbuilding，不是男士。因此选A。　　12.Whatisthewomaneagertoknow?　　【答案】BHowthepictureswillturnout.　　【解析】女士想知道的是iftheshotsItookareasgoodasIthought.照片是不是和她想的异样好。这里shots指照片。turnout指照片拍出来的效果。因此选B。　　13.Whatdoesthemanmean?　　【答案】CThesuitcasecanbefixedintime.　　【解析】男士说到findahandle后面提到butthatshouldn’ttaketoolong说明不是没有handle可以匹配。因此排除A,B。　　14.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?　　【答案】BHeneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.　　【解析】男士说到truck需要operateforlongperiodsoftimeinverycoldtemperatures，因此选择选项B。verycoldtemperatures对应harshweather.　15.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?n　　【答案】AShehasmadeuphermindtoresign.　　【解析】从文中女士强硬的口气Icouldnolongerlivewith…可以看出她下定决心。因此选择A。　　16.Whatdoesthewomenwanttodo?　　【答案】DReplacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.　　【解析】女士首先提到exchangetheshirt，后面又解释了原因allergictowool，从男士的回答也可以看出换成别的材质。因此选择D。　　17.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?　　【答案】DAta“LostandFound”　　【解析】男士首先问Didanyonehappentoturninanewhandbag?，女士又问了他handbag的详细信息，可见是在失物招领处，选D。　　18.Whatdoesthemanplantodowithhisoldhouse?　　【答案】CConvertinintoahotel　　【解析】but后面是真正意图:turningitintoaguesthouse。guesthouse意为宾馆，因此选C。　　19.Whatisthekeytowriteagoodclassicaldetectivestoryaccordingtotheman?　　【答案】DCarefulplottingandclueing.　　【解析】对话中提到itmustbesocarefullyplottedandsocarefullyclued，对应D选项。　　20.Whatdoesthemanmainlyneedwhenworkingonabook?　　【答案】DTobeentirelyalone.　　【解析】对话中can’tevenbareanybodyelse,becompletelyalone都说明该作家需要独立的写作空间，因此选择D。　　21.Whatdoesthemansayaboutwriters?　　【答案】CTheylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.　　【解析】关键词detachment分离。作家提到作者的经历和写作。虽然说道somenexperiencesoverwhelmeveryone,但是后面的but暗示了答案，standaside、detachment都对应了C选项。　　22.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBritishrailways?　　【答案】BLikeitornot,youhavetousethem.　　【解析】在对话一开始，女士就提到了There’sonlyonerailwaysystem,ifyoudon'tlikeaparticularrailway,youcan’tgoanduseanother.因为只有一条铁路，即使不喜欢，也只能乘坐，换句话说不论喜欢与否都得用它。因此选择B。　　23.Whatdosomepeoplewhowritetothemancomplainabout?　　【答案】DThemonopolyofBritishRailways.　　【解析】对话中谈及monopoly，铁路垄断，因此选D。其他选项均未涉及。　　24.Whatdoesthemansaythreatenstheexistenceofrailways?　　【答案】BCompetitionfromothermodesoftransport.　　【解析】对话中modesoftransportareallaround对应选项B。　　25.Whatdoesthemansayaboutrailwaysinothercountries?　　【答案】DTheylosealotofmoney.　　【解析】男士以德、法两国铁路为例，每年铁路都有大量亏损。因此选择D。而B选项中disappearing仅仅是美国的情况。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　文章解析：　　本文是一篇地理科学类文章，有点难度，关键是对一些专有名词的把握。文章开始先指出全球变暖带来最主要的威胁是极地冰盖的融化，并给出了相应的事实和数据加以证明。接着更多例子表明南极洲的冰盖在过去的130万年间至少坍塌过一次。相关高等学府的学者和科学家也相继用实验证明南极洲西部曾是一片汪洋。最后引用HermanEngleheart的话，再次提醒我们，西南极洲大冰原很可能再次融化消失。n　　其实按常理来说，如果听力文章比较有难度的话，题目的难度相对应会降低。所以大家在遇到此类题型时不必惊慌。提取关键信息、边听边记笔记，运用好背景知识等就能把题目做出来。平时也要注意扩大阅读范围，增长见识。关于环境保护和全球变暖之类的文章屡见不鲜，要求考生在这方面要引起足够的重视。　　难点词汇：　　WestAntarcticicesheet西南极洲大冰原iceshelf冰架anchored固定的　　fossil化石microscopicmarineplants海洋微生物geological地质的　　答案及解析：　　26.Whatisoneofthemostfrighteningthreatsofglobalwarmingaccordingtothepassage?　　【解析】C)Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.　　细节题。本题不难，从听力开头即可听到“raisingsealevelsomuchthatcoastalcitiesfromNewYorktoLosAnglestoShanghaiwillbeflooded”所以选C选项。　　27.Whatdoscientistsdisagreeon?　　【解析】B)HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.　　细节题。本题不难。注意关键句“butAntarcticexpertsdisagreestronglyonjusthowunstableitis”即可得出答案。　　28.WhatisthelatestinformationrevealedabouttheWestAntarcticicesheet?　　【解析】A)Itcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears.　　细节题。注意提取关键信息“newevidencerevealsthatallormostoftheAntarcticicesheetcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears”所以选A选项。　　29.Whatthescientists’latestfindingssuggest?　　【解析】A)TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceaopenocean.　　细节题。听力最后的例子说明了这一点“whichsuggestthattheregionwasonceopenoceannotsolidice”，而其他选项都不是最新的发现。PassageTwo　　30B)Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.　　【解析】听力一开始作者就建议我们尝试删除自己上传的照片“TakeaphotoanduploadnittoFacebook,thenafteradayorso,notewhattheURLlinktothepictureisandthendeleteit.”，由此可知应该选B。　　31B)Thewaytheystoredata.　　【解析】“Whydo"deleted"photosstickaroundsolong?Theproblemrelatestothewaydataisstoredonlargewebsites”，从这句话可知图片之所以不能立即删除跟它们存储的方式有关。　　32C)WhentheURLisreused.　　【解析】“InthecaseofFacebook,thecompanysaysdatamayhangarounduntiltheURLinquestionisreused”，从这句话可知只有URL被再次用到才会被删除。　　PassageThree　　33.A　　解析：第一段原文可以找到对应句子，即someicedcoffeescontainasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.　　34.B　　解析：第一段原文中有对应语句，即Betterskipdinnerorhitthegymafterwards.　　35.C　　解析：在此句中，“TheWCRFhasestimatedthat19,000cancersayearinBritaincouldbeprevented…”，关键词prevented可以得知答案为C选项。　　SectionC　　36.diverse　　37.tragic　　38.commit　　39.outcome　　40.scale　　41.colleaguesn　　42.accurate　　43.averages　　45.Studentswithhighhopesetthemselveshighergoalsandknowhowtoworktoattainthem,　　46.wentbeyondthesimplenotionthathopeismerelythesensethateverythingwillturnoutallright.　　47.Havinghopemeansbelievingyouhaveboththewillandthewaytoaccomplishyourgoals,whatevertheymaybe.仔细阅读：　　版本一：　　PartⅣ　　ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)　　SectionA　　47.　　答案：feminineandweak　　解析：文中提到…becausetheybelievethatsuchfeelingsarefeminineandimplyweakness.要填在tobe后面就应该转化成形容词形式。　　48.　　答案：losecomposure　　解析：文中提到mayleadtoalossofcomposure。要用在主语后面就要把loss变成动词lose。　　49.　　答案：stress-relateddisorders　　解析：文中提到cancontributetostress-relateddisorder。　　50.n　　答案：theirrelationshipwithpartners　　解析：文中提到…reportlowerrelationshipsatisfactionasdotheirfemalepartners.故这里要重新组合转换表达形式。　　51.　　答案：aggressive　　解析：文中提到…intophysicallyaggressionorviolence，而此处在become后就要用aggression的形容词形式。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　52)Asolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems　　细节题。抓住时间点“Intheearly2othcentury”我们从第一句“offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可知道答案。选择A选项。　　53)DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.　　推论题。我们首先比较容易排除A和C项。B项具有迷惑性，关键是看“thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了，社会的问题主要是靠人文主义的研究?显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰当。“TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”　　54)CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.　　细节题。主要在第二段里找答案。从段落后两句“ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我们可以推断出是选C选项。A和D选项比较容易排除。不选B选项，因为文章中“India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.”seemto表明这几个国家只是有种趋势，但还没有haveovertaken。　　55)AInsufficientfunding.　　细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。从“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers…”n这些信息中，可以很快知道是A选项。　　56)CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.　　细节题。本题不难。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究，其他三项都是非常具体的，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者的语气可以更加确定是C选项。　　PassageTwo　　57.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.　　解析：这道题针对开头两节。A和C答案比较容易排除，A说爱因斯坦把数学推到了一个极限，C说在将来的两百年都不会有物理学家超过爱因斯坦，这两个都明显不合文章大意。B答案说需要一个爱因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论，属于过度推理，并且细节性太强了。D答案是正确答案，很多同学不敢选D的原因是，因为有些科学家们认为爱因斯坦或许还没有诞生或许还是个小婴儿，他们认为这样一来就有可能爱因斯坦已经存在了。但是这句话里面的爱因斯坦是代表伟大的科学家的意思，那么这个题目选择D就是正确的，大家都同意的是像爱因斯坦那样伟大的科学家还需要一定的时间才会出现。　　58.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking　　解析：B他独立与抽象思维能力。这一段是文章中间部分的内容概括。根据上下文意思推断，爱因斯坦成功的原因，不能说是他在音乐方面的天分，也不能说他的努力或者他在数学方面的深厚基础，因此答案选择B。　　59.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.　　解析：正确答案选择D。这段文章是在问今天的物理学家们的情况，A说他们缺乏分析能力，B说他们擅长处理实际问题，C说他们重视发表文章，都是从根据文章细节中捏造出来的错误选项。D是对于文章内容的一个总结概括，数量众多的物理学家进入了更有经济利益的领域。　　60.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.　　解析：正确答案选择D。结合Greene讲的话，他说Whatanidea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞的人才会相信能找到个解决方案呢!说明内容实在是比较荒诞。　　61.B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles　　解析：正确答案选择B，说的是爱因斯坦在学术圈里面默默无闻，跟原文里面的“byavirtualunknown”n相对应。有迷惑性的选择项是D,因为文中提到了爱因斯坦的文章没有配上脚注和注释footnoteandcitations.但是D选择项是说，爱因斯坦不懂得论文的格式，这个属于过度推理了。　　版本二：　　52A　　53A　　54D55A　　56D　　57B　　58B　　59C　　60D　　61C完形填空：　　版本一：　　PartⅤ　　Cloze　　62Bsetoutsetoutplans表示制定计划　　63Dabandoningabandon放弃，onceunshakeableorthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法，也就是现在要放弃了。　　64Awithstrugglewith表示同…斗争，介词搭配，这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。　　65Bintendsintendto表示打算…,从后面的atthebeginningofn2011，可知还没有这么做，只是计划或者打算这么做。　　66Aexceeded超过，是说当用户每月阅读文章超过一定量时就要收费。　　67Aon和side搭配，onthesideof…表示拥护…;站在…一边。　　68Dcharge本词在文章中多次出现，chargesb表示向某人收费。　　69Csuchas表示举例，从后面举London'sEveningStandard作为例子，可知应该选suchas.　　70Bfree前面提到abandonreadershiprevenue，即放弃读者收益，由此可知应该是makeprinteditionsfree.　　71Cacknowledged表示承认，这里表示ArthurSulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。　　72Cbet打赌，赌注，从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。　　73Ccirculation发行量，从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。　　74AbehindNYT排名第三，即排在theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday后面。　　75BWhilewhile在这里表示对比，从上下文可知NYT与美国其他报纸不同。　　76Dclaim声称，宣称，这里是说NYT声称自己是全国范围的报纸。　　77Cmaintains维持，运营，即NYT还在世界其他地方运营着26个办公室。　　78Alike从下文可知NYT和印刷行业的其他公司一样，也受到金融危机的影响，所以选like，表示同…一样。　　79Dserious严重的，考察形容词与名词的搭配，从下文的数据可知遭受严重经济损失。　　80Csuffered遭受，sufferaloss遭受损失，常见搭配。　　81Dloan贷款，前文提到公司损失了很多钱，所以需要从别处借钱来补充资金。　　版本二：　　62-66BCBAC　　67-71CBBBD　　72-76CAACDn　　77-81CDADC翻译：　　版本一：　　PartⅥ　　Translation　　82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou___________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.　　解析：canneverbetoocareful/cannotbetoocareful　　【考点解释】本题考查“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配，即canneverbetoo/cannotbetoo+adj.　　【原句精释】无可否认，处理这件事，越仔细越好。　　83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties__________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)　　解析：didIrealizethatreadingcannotbeneglecteddidIrealizethatreadingisunignorable　　【考点解释】本题考查由onlywhen引起的局部倒装。当onlywhen置于句首，主句用局部倒装，即将助动词置于主语前面。onlywhen引导句子时态为过去时(reached)，为保持时态一致，主句助动词用did;注意被动语态的使用，reading与neglect为被动关系。同时也可以使用be+adj的结构。　　【原句精释】直到三十岁，我才意识不能忽视读书。　　84.Much___________________(使研究人员感到惊讶)，theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.　　解析：totheresearchers’surprise　　【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配toone’ssurprise使…惊讶的是…　　【原句精释】让研究人员大为惊讶的是，实验结果比他们的预计好得多。　　85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;__________________________(我一定是把它放在哪儿了)。　　解析：Imusthaveleft/putitsomewhere.n　　【考点解释】本题考查对过去事情的肯定的猜测，即musthave+过去分词，leave与put都有放置的意思，但leave强调遗忘在…，较之put，leave更贴合题意。　　【原句精释】天啊，我找不到钥匙。我一定是把它放在哪儿了。　　86.I________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.　　解析：wouldratherjoinyouasavolunteer　　【考点解释】考查结构“宁愿…也不愿…”,因题干中已存在“thango”的结构，只能使用“wouldratherdoratherthando”。加入…joinsb　　【原句精释】我宁愿加入你们去做义工，也不愿到海边去度假。　　版本二：　　PartⅥ　　翻译：　　82.cannotbetoocareful　　83.didIrealizethatreadingcouldnotbeneglected　　84.totheresearchers'surprise　　85.Imusthaveleftitsomewhere　　86.wouldratherjoinyoutodovolunteerwork2011年6月大学英语六级真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheCertificateCraze.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……TheCertificateCraze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。nPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MinorityReportAmericanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses."Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally–butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardnLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves."Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%ofmedian(中间的)familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor(严格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost(教务长)DamonWilliams.Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomepreparatorycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring(辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontongraduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?A)Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.B)Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.C)Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.D)Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?A)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.B)ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.C)Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B)Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.C)Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.4.HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?A)Fifty-sixpercent.C)Fifteenpercent.B)Thirty-ninepercent.D)Sixty-sevenpercent.5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.A)theirstudentsworkharderC)theirclassesaregenerallysmallerB)theyrecruitthebeststudentsD)theygivestudentsmoreattention6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?A)Universitiesaretoblame.B)Studentsdon'tworkhard.C)Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.B)Theycannotaffordthehightuition.C)Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.8.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat_______.9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith_______duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan_______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)nSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.B)Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.C)Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.D)Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.12.A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.13.A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.B)Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.C)Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.D)Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.14.A)Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.B)Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.C)ItgotlostattheairportinParis.D)Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.15.A)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.B)Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.C)Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.D)Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.16.A)ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.B)Thewomanisn'tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.C)Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.D)Thewomanisn'tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.17.A)Theyarebothtoblame.B)Theyarebotheasytoplease.C)Theycanmanagetogetalong.D)Theywillmakepeaceintime.18.A)Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.B)Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.C)Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.D)Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.B)Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.C)Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.D)Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.n20.A)Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.B)Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.C)Theydon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.D)Theydon'twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.21.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.B)It'sanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.C)It'sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.D)Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.22.A)Toirritatethem.C)Torelieveherfeelings.B)Toteachthemalesson.D)Toshowhercourage.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.C)Stealingafellowpassenger'sbag.B)Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong.24.A)Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.B)HetookawayKumar'sbaggagewhilehewasasleep.C)HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.D)HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'sbag.25.A)Givehimalift.C)Checkthepassengerlist.B)FindAlfredFoster.D)Searchallsuspiciouscars.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.B)Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sworth.C)Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.D)Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.27.A)Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.B)Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.C)Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.D)Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.28.A)Theroleoftravelagents.C)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.B)Thewaypeopletravel.D)Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.nB)Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.C)Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.D)Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.30.A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.B)Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.C)Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.D)Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.31.A)Toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.B)Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.C)Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.D)Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.B)ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.C)Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.D)Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.33.A)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.B)Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.C)Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.D)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.34.A)Thereareawiderangeofcases.B)Theyareverydestructive.C)Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.35.A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.B)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.D)Workasanewspapereditor.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingoneof31icecream(36)_____ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37)_____,unhappy–evenparalyzedwithindecision.That's(38)_____truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman(39)_____.Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40)_____ofskillsandinterests,nbutoftenfindthemselves(41)_____whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheir(42)_____year.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting(43)_____andcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups:"maximizers"whoconsidereverypossibleoption,and"satisficers"wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudents(44)_________________________________.Butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereason(45)_________________________________.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46)_________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:It'slateintheday.Thatfront-pagepackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction(本能反应)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?nCantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.47.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout__________.48.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby__________.49.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe__________toherandofferanalternativesolution.50.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto__________.51.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid__________.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstoncertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.B)TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.C)Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.D)Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?A)Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.B)Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.C)Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.D)Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?A)Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.B)Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.C)Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.D)Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?A)Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.B)Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.C)Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.D)Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?A)Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.B)Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.C)Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.D)Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandnequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement–atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?A)Greaterdiversity.C)Exceptionaldiligence.B)Intellectualmaturity.D)Higherambition.58.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?A)Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations.B)Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.C)Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.D)Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.59.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?A)Ageandeducationalbackground.C)Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.B)Socialandprofessionalexperience.D)Ethnicoriginandgender.60.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammesshouldconsiderrecruiting?A)Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies.B)Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.C)Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.D)Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.61.WhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?A)Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.nA)Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.B)Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.C)Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Organisedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourses.Usuallyitisleftto__62__todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,__63__nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalisetheachievementsofstudentswho__64__timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPLuSaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly__65__jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside__66__qualifications."Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunch,butwefoundthattheydidn't__67__appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid__68__thelecturehall,"saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity."Employersaremuchmore__69__thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor__70__andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare__71__tothejob."Studentswhosign__72__fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor__73__work,attendfourworkshopsonemploy-abilityskills,takepartinanintensiveskills-relatedactivity__74__,crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.__75__effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho__76__bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingPLuSAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe__77__organised."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,"saysGoodman."__78__,onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso__79__negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives."Goodmanhopesthe__80__willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active__81__totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.62.A)advisorsB)specialistsC)criticsD)employers63.A)whichB)butC)unlessD)since64.A)divideB)devoteC)deliverD)donate65.A)harmoniousB)competitiveC)resourcefulD)prosperous66.A)artisticB)technicalC)academicD)interactive67.A)dominantlyB)earnestlyC)necessarilyD)gracefully68.A)outsideB)alongC)overD)through69.A)generousB)considerateC)enlighteningD)demanding70.A)originB)initialC)popularityD)potential71.A)relevantB)responsiveC)reluctantD)respectiven62.A)outB)offC)awayD)up63.A)casualB)electiveC)domesticD)voluntary64.A)orB)thusC)soD)and75.A)OccasionalB)ExceptionalC)InformativeD)Relative76.A)performB)conveyC)circulateD)formulate77.A)roughlyB)randomlyC)formallyD)fortunately78.A)ForinstanceB)InessenceC)IncontrastD)Ofcourse79.A)demonstratedB)determinedC)operatedD)involved80.A)deviceB)sectionC)schemeD)distraction81.A)attendantsB)agentsC)membersD)peersPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,they____________________(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色)thanjustgoon.83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as____________________(任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场).84.Thepills____________________(本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的),buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.85.Itis____________________(你真好，给了我那么多帮助);Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyears____________________(他们才得以重聚).2011年6月大学英语六级答案详解完整版PartIWriting标准版MyopiniononcertificatecrazeThegrowingtendencyamongcollegestudentstogetallkindsofcertificateshasnowevolvedintoacraze.Justrandomlyaskastudentwhatheorsheisbusilyengagedindoing,quitepossibly,youwouldgettheanswerthatheorsheispreparingforacertificateofsomekind.So,why’sthecraze?Thereasonbehindthisphenomenoniscommon—theenormouspressureoffindingajob.Facedwithaharshjobmarket,moststudentshavenochoicebutntoseekmorecertificatestoparlaytheirqualifications.Anotherfactoristhatdiplomaandcertificatesstillweighsheavilyintermsofsignifyingone’sability.Forthesakeofincreasingtheiroddsoflandingabetterjob,thestudentsarecompelledtorunfromoneexamtoanother.ThoughIhaveanopenmindtowardthecrazeoncertificates,Isuggestthatstudentsshouldbemorerationalwhenitcomestocertificates,sincetheydonotnecessarilytelltheirability.Instead,theyshouldbemoreinvolvedinlearningandcapabilityboosting,thus,opportunitieswouldcomequitenaturally.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。本文先对学生的考证热进行简介，引出全篇；接着分析这一现象背后的原因；整体看思路清晰，逻辑严密，行文流畅，句式多变，用语较为地道。本篇亮点表达：Thegrowingtendency…hasnowevolvedinto…bebusilyengagedindoingThereasonbehind…harshjobmarkethavenochoicebutto…parlaytheirqualificationssth.weighsheavilyintermsof…increasingone’soddsof…beinvolvedindoing…becompelledtodo…haveanopenmindtoward…capabilityboosting本文有待提高之处：1.文章结构上，能看得出该同学试图采用议论文的“三段式”（提出问题、分析问题、解决问题）。逻辑严谨，论证严密；句式表达灵活，用语较为地道。n2.微观语言点方面，有个主谓一致的方面的错误（diplomaandcertificatesstillweighsheavily）；有些语句稍显啰嗦，比quitepossibly,youwouldgettheanswerthat…大可简化成you’dmostlikelybetoldthat…更好，意思没有丝毫减损，表达力反而增强许多；另外某些用语多重复，比如job多次出现；为了避免此类现象，文中的theenormouspressureoffindingajob不妨改为theenormouspressureofgettingemployed。从整体看，本篇文章不错，值得参考借鉴，不过用于方面还有待提高。高分版CertificatecrazeRecentlythephenomenonofcertificatecrazehasbecomeabigconcernofthepublic.Itisalsoanewcrazeintheuniversity,whichseemslikearoutineactivityoncampus,forcertificatesdoplayavitalrolewhenstudentslookforadecentjob.Admittedly,therearedifferentpurposesbehindthisphenomenon.Somepeopleaimatcertificatesbecauseoftheemploymentpressure.Withtheadmissionexpansionofcolleges,agreatmanygraduateshavetofacethefiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.Soitisthecertificatesthatcanmakethemmorecompetitive.However,someothersconsiderallthediplomaandcertificatesimportantstandardsbywhichaperson’sabilitycanbemeasured.Theysparenoefforttogetthecertificatesforthesolepurposeofprovingthattheyarequalifiedinacertainfield.Moreover,therearethosewhojustwanttoenrichtheirlifebypreparingforthecertificatesbecausetheyreallyenjoytheirprogress.Frommypointofview,weshouldbemorerationalwhenitcomestocertificates,sincecertificatesdonotnecessarilyproveone’sability.Beingcrazyingettingcertificationsblindlyisnothingbutwastingtime.Toconclude,weshouldfocusonimprovingourabilitybutnotmerelygettingacertificate.文章点评：n本次六级作文探讨的是考生比较熟悉的话题——高校考证书热；本次试题延续了以往的考试风格，关注点仍然放在与学生息息相关的话题上；从选题角度来说，考生还是比较好把握的。需要注意的是由于第二部分可能需要列出多点原因，考生在该部分需要注意论述的条理性；此外，在保证句法通顺的前提下，尽可能做到表达的多样化。首先，在考生拿到题目的时候，应该先认真审题，心里大致对接下来文章的安排有一个底。提起证书热的话，很多考生都会联想到就业压力，学校给予的压力以及学生自身的需求；因此，全文可做如下安排；第一段，考生可以整体阐述一下该话题，陈述下目前存在的考证热现象；第二段，考生可以对考证热背后存在的各种各样的目的进行拓展；比如说由于日益严重的就业压力，以及有的学校时不时给学生灌输的压力；或者是学生自身从身边感受到的一些压力，都可能导致考证热的产生。第三段要求考生对于该现象给出自己的理解，考生应在这里持一种客观的态度。因为考证本身并不是一种错误，但是考生应当注意从题目“考证热”出发，重点放在“热”字上，对这一现象做出最理性的评述。综合来讲，本篇文章观点明确，思路清晰；在第二段给出的例证具有代表性；此外，文章中有用到不少的亮点词汇；唯一比较遗憾的是，由于时间和篇幅的限制，论证的展开还未完全挖掘出来，但在如此有限的条件下，可以称得上佳作了。外教版Thejobmarkettodayisincreasinglysophisticated,requiringworkerstohavespecializedknowledgeintheirfields.Asaresult,becomingcertifiedisatrendamongtoday’sjobseekingyouth.Moreandmorepeople,studentsespecially,lookatobtainingcertificationasameanstogettingabetterjoband,therefore,enjoyingbrighterfuture.Thereareasmanycertificatesastherearefieldsofstudy.LawyerswilltaketheLSAT,businessmajorswilltaketheGMATtofurthertheirstudyintheUS,andthosewhostudyaforeignlanguage,likeEnglish,mighttaketheTOEFL,TOEIC,oranynumberofEnglishcertificationexams.nIsthisnecessary?Or,isthe“certificationcraze”justatrendthatwilleventuallypass?Imyselfhaveobtainedtwodifferentcertifications:oneinJapanese(N2)andanotherinteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage(TEFL).Bothofthesecertificationshavebeenbeneficialingettinggoodjobs.Therefore,itismyopinionthat,trendornot,theresultsofbecomingcertifiedarerealandcanbeinvaluableinopeningupfutureopportunities.文章点评：1.逻辑结构上，本文大体也是按照“提出问题（考证热的现象）”“分析问题（背后的动力）”和“解决问题（个人的观点）”的结构展开。2.本文的亮点非常多，用语非常地道，用英语思维催动出来的英语文章，才是真正的极品。相比用中式思维催动出来的英语文章，这篇文章是很美味的，强烈建议大家背诵下来。大家记得《天龙八部》吗？鸠摩智用小无相功催动出的招式是敌不过藏经阁里的扫地和尚的。总之，我们大可不必刻意使用难词难句，其实表意明确，用语地道的文章，就肯定可以拿到高分。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.B.Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents解析：全文讲的是少数民族学生的毕业率变低的问题，这也是作者对于美国高等教育所担心的一个问题，关键词在lowgraduationrate，其他的proportion，conflict，和academicperformance都没有涉及，故选B。2.D.itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents解析：答案在整篇文章第一句话，BowdoinCollege的校长引以为豪的是扩招了很多少数民族学生。而不是学校排名，文化遗产继承，C选项高毕业率与原文不符，故选D。3.B.Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.解析：答案定位在第四段。原文内容是：…,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.而D选项说美国将会失去其在高等教育方面的竞争优势，这一点原味并未提及，原文只是说美国的低毕业率问题。n4.C.Fifiteenpercent解析：答案在原文第四段最后一句话。only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.5.B.theyrecruitthebeststudents解析：尽管C选项和D选项是私立高校的措施，但哈佛，耶鲁等名校白种人和黑种人毕业率没有差别的原因却在于他们在选拨方面做的出色。根据原文Butmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.可知本题答案选B。6.A.Universitiesaretoblame.解析：根据原文第6段somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction,…Butabiggerproblemmaybethat…定位到本段最后AmyWilkins的话，可知答案选A。某些高校只是为了追求金钱，不顾学生毕业，应该受到批评。7.B.Theycannotaffordthehightuition.解析：根据原文第八段最后一句，可知学生入学后退学，原因在于交不起学费。8.thattheyarelessqualified解析：定位到原文第九段中间部分，破折号之后，andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.9.somepreparatorycourses解析：定位到原文第十段第三行，…bringingminorityontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomepreparatorycourses.10.beclosed解析：定位到原文最后一段第一句。Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.M:Ileft20pagesheretocopy.Hereisthereceipt.W:I'msorry,sir.Butwe'realittlebehind.Couldyoucomebackinafewnminutes?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?答案：C.Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.解析：本题考的是文化场景，出现了copy等词，还是比较基础的。原文中男生想出示收据来拿复印材料，然后女生说“we'realittlebehind.”（我们动作稍落后）意思就是还没复印好。12.W:Ihopeyou'renottooputoutwithmeforthedelay.Ihavetostopbyfriends'hometopickupabookonmywayhere.M:Well,that'snotabigdeal.Butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyou'regoingtokeepsomeonewaiting.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?答案：B.Shewaslatefortheappointment.解析：生活类场景题。注意对"beputoutwithsb"（对……生气）的理解；文中女生首先对自己的迟到表示歉意并解释原因；男生说不是大问题，但是你至少得打个电话给我。因此，我们知道女生迟到了。13.W:Markisthebestcandidateforchairmanofthestudentunion,isn'the?M:Well,thatguywon'tbeabletowintheelectionunlesshegetssomemajorityvotefromwomenstudents.AndI'mnotsureaboutthat.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?答案：C.Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.解析：对话属于学习类场景，出现了majority,studentunion,和candidate等相关词汇。考点在于对话中的肯定与否定类，即前面一个人提出观点，后面一个人采取‘取非’的态度；文中第一人说Mark是学生会主席的不二人选，而第二人则说除非Mark获得了大多数女生的选票，否则是赢不了的，因此还不能确定。14.M:Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting,Madam.I'velocatedyourluggage.ItwasleftbehindinParisandwon'tarriveuntillaterthisevening.W:Oh,Ican'tbelievethis.Haveitdelivertomyhotelthen,Iguess.Q:Whathappenedtothewoman'snluggage?答案：A.Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.解析：考短对话常考场景，旅游场景，其中hotel,luggage等单词可帮助学生直接定位；第一个人（估计是工作人员）对旅客道歉说行李被落在巴黎了，要到深夜才能送到。旅客说这让让她难以置信，然后要求就把行李送到宾馆。由此可知，女士的行李还没有到达目的地。15.W:Idon'tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation,butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.M:Yeah,atthispointwe'llhavetomakedowithwhatwe'vegot.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?答案：A.Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.解析：关键词presentation,为校园场景。考点为第二人建议题，"atthispoint,we’llhavetodo…"明确表示建议，将建议后的内容听出来就可以了。这里“we'llhavetomakedowithwhatwe'vegot.”意思是“我们要善加利用手上已有的东西”。16.M:Iamtakingthisgreatcourse-PsychologyofLanguage,it'sreallyinteresting.Sinceyouareapsychologymajor,youshouldsignupforit.W:ActuallyItriedtodothat,buttheytoldmeIhavetotakelanguagestudiesfirst.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?答案：D.Thewomanisn’tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.解析：关键词course，为校园场景。16题为典型的第二人but转折后出考题，音频中出现的psychology其实不需要知道意思，前面已经有course来解释了。这和六级一贯的难词前后有对其的解释的原则一致，并且psychology是六级学生应该掌握的词汇。文中男生向女生推荐语言心理学这门课，女生说她有尝试报名，但是在参加课程前得先进行语言学习，因此推出，女生还没有资格参加该课程。17.W:CanyoubelievethewayLarrywastalkingtohisroommate?Nowondertheydon'tgetalong.M:Well,maybeLarrywasjustreactingtosomethinghisroommatesaid.Therearetwosidestoeverystoryyounknow.Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutLarryandhisroommate?答案：A.Theyarebothtoblame.解析：17题为租房与住房类，出现了诸如roommate，getalong等词汇。并且第二人用maybe给出建议，作为考点。女生首先提到Larry对室友的说话态度不好；然后男生提到有可能他的室友讲了些什么，Larry才会有如此反应。每件事都是有两面性的。因此双方可能都有责任。18.M:Wedon'thavetheresourcestostopthosepeoplefrombuyingusoutunlessamiraclehappens.Thismaybetheendofus.W:Istillhavehopewecangethelpfromthebank.Afterallwedon'tneedthatmuchmoney.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?答案：A.Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.解析：18题为商务话题，关键词resources，考题类型为观点态度类，答案出现在第二人woman回答处，出现不绝对模凌两可的词汇给出观点态度，此为本题考点。第一人话中讲到“buysb.out”表示收购；对于这个词不认知问题不大，后面给出了提示，表明发生了问题。而第二人给出了建议。具体而言，第一人说情况很不乐观，第二人说还有希望，能向银行求助。由此可知，他们的经济状况不佳，急需帮助。ConversationOne听力原文Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.W:YouknowI’veoftenwonderedwhypeoplelaughatthepictureofabigbellybusinessmanslippingonabananaskinandfallingonhisbottom.Wearetofeelsorryforthem.M:Actually,Laura,Ithinkwelaughbecausewearegladitdidn’thappentous.Butofcoursethereisalsoakindofhumoroussatisfactioninseeingsomebodyself-importantmakingafoolofthemselves.W:Yes,andtherearealotofjokesaboutpeoplewhoaretoofatorphysicallyhandicapped,youknow,deaf,orshort-sightedthingslikethat.Afterall,it’snotnreallyfunnytobelikethat.M:Oh,Ithinkthat’sbecausewe’reembarrassed.Wedon’tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.Perhapsweareevenabitfrightenedwemaygetlikethat,sowelaugh.M:Whataboutthecustardpieroutine?W:Whatdoyoumean‘custardpieroutine’?M:Youknow,allthoseoldfilmswheresomeonegetssooutragedwithhisboss,Hepicksupacustardpieandplastersitallovertheotherperson’sface.W:Thatnevermakesmelaughmuch,becauseyoucanguesswhat’sgoingtohappen.Butalotofpeoplestillfinditlaughable.Itmustbecauseofthesortofthethingwe’dalllovetodoonceinawhileandneverquiethavethecourageto.M:Ihadanoldauntwhousedtothrowcupsofteaatpeoplewhenshewasparticularlyirritated.Shesaiditrelievedherfeelings.W:Itmusthavecomeabitexpensive.M:Notreally.Shetookcarenevertothrowherbestchina.19.C）Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.解析：从Butofcoursethereisalsoakindofhumoroussatisfactioninseeingsomebodyself-importantmakingafoolofthemselves.一句中，可知，我们会嘲笑他人的不幸，是因为我们可以从中得到一种幽默的满足，derivefrom意为得到，取得,makeafoolof意为愚弄，出洋相，所以正确答案是C20.C)Theydon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation解析：人们之所以会嘲笑胖子或身体有残缺的人，是因为人们不知该如何处理那样的情况，文中有句有真相"Wedon’tknowhowtocopewiththesituation"，所以正确答案是C21.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.解析：custardpie意为“牛奶饼”，题目问的是，为什么人们看到有人往老板脸上扔牛奶饼，会觉得很有趣？对话中也几乎是原封不动地给出了答案，那是因为我们也想做却不敢做。wouldliketodo是lovetodo的同义替换词，daretodo又是havecouragetodo的同义替换词。n22.C)Torelieveherfeelings.解析：relievefeelings意为缓和情绪，对话中提到，Shesaiditrelievedherfeelings.这位男生的阿姨自己亲口表示，当她被激怒时，会朝别人扔茶杯，来缓和自己的情绪，而不是如选项A所说，toirritatethem,激怒别人。所以正确答案是C这篇对话探讨的是心理问题，有些小抽象。但是大家千万不要被这阵势吓到了，只要事先阅读过一遍题目，听对话时定位准确，找到关键词，很多问题便迎刃而解啦。四个问题都是按照文章的顺序提问的，第一个和最后一个问题如大家所料，在对话的开头和结尾部分，所以开头和结尾仍是要严防死守之处。除此以外，同义替换词依然是重点考察项目，如wouldliketodo，daretodo。这篇长对话虽然很多答案能从对话中可以直接找到相对应的原句，但是在做听力时，还是要仔细聆听，定位关键句，否则漏掉一句，做起题目来可能就会比较吃力了。ConversationTwo听力原文W:YournameSanjayKumaristhatcorrect?M:Yes,madam.W:YouclaimyouaretravelingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.M:That’sright.W:Nowitseemsthatahandgunwasfoundinyourluggage.Doyouadmitthat?M:Yes,but…W：Accordingtothestatementyoumade,youhadneverseenthehandgunbeforeitwasfoundinyourbag.Doyoustillmaintainthat?M:Butit’strue.Iswearit.W:Mmm,youdorealizeMr.KumarthattobringahandgunintoHongKongwithoutproperauthorizationisaseriousoffense.M:ButIdidn’tbringit.I…ImeanIdidn’tknowanythingaboutit.Itwasn’ttherewhenIleftDelhi.Mybagsweresearched.Itwaspartoftheairportsecuritycheck.W:Maybeso,butsomeonemanagedtogetthathandgunontotheaircraftoritcouldn’thavebeenthere.M:Someonebutnotnme.W:Tellme,wherewasyourpersonalbagduringtheflight?M:Ihaditdownbymyfeetbetweenmeandthemaninthenextseat.M:HewastheonlypersonwhocouldhaveopenedmybagwhileIwasasleep.Itmusthavebeenhim.W:Isee.Haveyouanyideawhothismanwas?M:Hetoldmehisname,AlfredFoster.Hewasveryfriendly,afterIwokeupthatis.Hehadn’tspokenbefore.W:AlfredFoster,wecancheckthatonthepassengerlist.M:Hesaidhehadacarcomingtomeethim.Heofferedmealift.W:Oh,Whyshouldhedothat?M:Sohecangethishandgunback,that’swhy.Pleasefindhim,Madam.Questions23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard23.D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong解析：suspect的意思是怀疑，题目问，SanjayKumar被怀疑什么？对话的开头，女警察便说到，“Nowitseemsthatahandgunwasfoundinyourluggage”，也就是说在SanjayKumar的包里发现了一把手枪，由此可得出选项D24.D)HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethingintoKumar'sbag解析：从对话中，我们了解到，SanjayKumar并没有携带枪支，而是坐在他身边的AlfredFoster栽赃嫁祸，趁SanjayKumar睡着时，将手枪放进他的包里，slip有暗中塞入的意思，对应选项D25.B)FindAlfredFoster.解析：对话的最后一句已给出了答案，"Pleasefindhim,Madam."SanjayKumar请求警察能够找到AlfredFoster这是一篇审讯对话，在最近三年的六级长对话听力中，还没有涉及，但是审讯对话并不难，我们可以从两人的语气，称呼中得出，如SanjayKumar称那位女士为madam,女士的口气也比较硬，如用了“Doyouadmitthat，tellme"等语句。这篇长对话既考察了对大意的理解，也考察了对细节的把握，其中24题，更像是一道推理题，对话中并没有明确指出AlfredFoster把手枪塞入了SanjayKumar的包内，但我们可以从SanjayKumar的回答中推理出相应的结论，23、25题对细节的考察在对话中可以直接找到出处，总的来说，第二篇长对话还是比较简单的。nSectionBPassageOne听力原文Everyoneislookingforagoodinvestmentthesedays.Andwithstocks,currenciesandcompaniesallcrashing,somearefindingthattakingthetripofalifetimeisactuallyasmartmoverightnow.Pricesaregood,crowdsarefewerandthedividendslikeexpandedworldview,lifelongmemories,thesatisfactionofboostingtheglobaleconomy—can'tbeeasilysnatchedaway.SylviaandPaulCusterson,aretiredcouplefromCambridge,England,recentlytooka16-dayvacationtoNamibia,wheretheywentonbird-watchingexcursions.Laterthisyear,theyareplanningatriptoPatagonia."We'reusingourcapitalnow,"saysSylvia,"Andwhynot?We'renotgettinganyinterestinthebank.Ifit'saplacewereallywanttogo,thenwewillgo.Wemayaswelltravelwhilewe'refitandhealthy."Sometravelagentsarethrivinginspiteoftheeconomy."We'vehadmorepeoplebookinginthefirstquarterofthisyearthanlast,"saysHubertMoineau,founderofTselanaTravel,whichisplanningtointroduceanewprogramoflongeradventuretrips,includingpolarexpeditionsandcruisesintheGalápagos."We'rehearingthingslike,'Wedon'tknowwhatthesituationwillbeinsixmonthssolet'stravelnow'",AshleyToft,managingdirectoroftheU.K.touroperatorExplorehasbeensurprisedtoseeanincreaseinlast-minutebookingsofhigh-pricedtripstosuchplacesasIndia,BhutanandNepal."Itseemspeoplewouldrathergiveupsomethingelsethanthebigtrip,"hesays.Travelhasbecomeanecessity.It'sjusthowwetravelthatischanging.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.篇章类型及提要：社会现象，经济相关听力点睛：n本文介绍了在总体市场经济不景气的前提下，旅游业异军突起现象及其前因后果。文章开篇就介绍总的社会背景是各种不景气前提下，外出旅游成为人们的选择之一，紧接着以一个例子来证明。然后旅行社相关的权威人物的话语中更是证明目前旅游业正风头正劲。文章中出现的金融词汇，人名、地名及职务名称，如investment,investment,Namibia,Namibia,managingdirectoroftheU.K.touroperatorExplore等。一定程度上会让考生觉得头疼，且分散注意力。这就需要考生有一定对重要信息的提取能力。人名、地名及职务名称等听过有个印象就好，不必过于纠结。精剖细析：26.Accordingtothespeaker,whyaresomepeoplewillingtospendtheirmoneyontravelthesedays?答案：B）Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sworth.解析：推断题。本题问如今一些人愿意把钱花在旅游上的原因。第一题通常从听力开头去定位答案。文章第一句"Everyoneislookingforagoodinvestment",紧接着说明但如今股票市场，货币投资和公司都不太景气（crashing），一些人就发现旅行不失为一个不错的“投资”，(takingthetripofalifetimeisactuallyasmartmove)这钱花得也值。27.WhatisTselanaTravelplanningtodo,accordingtoitsfounder?答案：D)Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.解析：细节题。看到TselanaTravel直接锁定目标，且听力中也给出了"planningtointroduce..."排除其他选秀。旅游业兴盛起来，那么相应的旅行社等必然会采取措施，争取吸引客户获得经济利益。所以听的时候我们要格外注意，要对旅行社的行为要注意听。p28.AccordingtoAshleyToft,managingdirectorofExplore,whatischangingnowwithregardtotravels?答案：B)Thewaypeopletravel.解析：细节题。关键词"AshleyToft"和"changing"，考生容易选C选项，因为这个AshleyToft也提到了last-minutebookings数字的增长。但是一定要把文章听完，最后给出了"Travelhasbecomeanecessity.It'sjusthowwetravelthatischanging."2个选项一对比，B选项更为合适。Thewaypeopletravel和howwetravel用到了同义替换。也再次说明，听力首尾都是听力常考的重点区域，不可掉以轻心。PassageTwon听力原文Somehowtheoldmaleandfemalestereotypesnolongerfit.Menandwomeninthiscountryhaven’tbeenfulfillingtheirtraditionalrolesforsometimenow.Andthereseemtobefewerandfewerdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Forinstance,eventhoughmorewomenthanmenarestillhomemakerswithoutpayingjobs,womenhavebeentakingovermoreresponsibilityinthebusinessworld,earninghighersalariesthaneverbeforeandenteringfieldsofworkthatusedtobeexclusivelymaleareas.Atofficemeetingsandingroupdiscussions,theymightspeakupmoreoften,expressstrongopinionsandcomeupwithmorecreativeandpracticalideasthantheirmalecolleagues.Severaldaysago,my23-year-olddaughtercametomewithsomeimportantnews.Notonlyhadshefoundthehighestpayingjobofhercareer,butshe’dalsoacceptedadatewiththemostcharmingmenshe’devermet.“Really?”,Iresponded,”tellmeaboutthem.”“Receptionistinanattorney’sofficeandawelderataconstructionsite.”Sheansweredinamatter-of-factway.Theinterestingthingismydaughter’sdateisthereceptionistandmydaughteristhewelder.Theoldstereotypesofmen’sandwomen’sworkhavebeenchangingmorequicklythaneverbefore,exceptperhapsinmyownmarriage.“Who'sgoingtomowthelawn?”Iaskedmyhusbandthismorning.“Oh,Iwill,”heansweredpolitely.”That'smen'swork.”“What?”Irritated,Iraisedmyvoice.“That'saridiculousstereotype.I'llshowyouwhocandothebestjobonthelawn.”Theworktook3hoursandIdiditallmyself.Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.篇章类型及提要：社会现象，两性关系听力点睛：本文介绍作者对男女关系的老套传统观念持质疑态度，并举例证明其观点。本文难词不多，2个例子也以对话为主，所以难度适中。文章第一句"Somehowtheoldmaleandfemalenstereotypesnolongerfit."非常直白的表明了作者的观点。文章难度不大的，题目往往会比较讨巧，所以一定不能放松警惕。题目中的以推理为主的题目会相对比较多。精剖细析：29.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?答案：B)Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.解析：主旨题。主要考察考生对主旨的理解。注意这里A选项容易让人混淆。首句中的oldstereotypes会误导考生去选A。但A选项并不完整。文章不是讲老套传统的男女观念。而是对此的一个质疑，传统男女的角色正在不断改变。这也是六级做题的一个技巧。选项中出现和文章有关的重点单词，并不一定就是答案。选项还是都得仔细阅读。30.Whatmightwomendoatofficemeetingsnowadaysaccordingtothespeaker?答案：A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.解析：细节题。此题不难，关键词"officemeetings'，文章中直接给出了"theymightspeakupmoreoften,expressstrongopinionsandcomeupwithmorecreativeandpracticalideasthantheirmalecolleagues."排除其他选项。31.Whydidthespeakermowthelawnherselfthatmorning?答案：C)Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.解析：推断题。题目问主人公为什么要自己来修整草坪。文章最后是以一段对话体现。此题需要简单推理。首先主人公很明确的表示自己认为传统男女的关系及角色扮演正在不断改变，女性可以做好传统观念里男人应该做的事。自己女儿就是一个很好的例子，是焊接工（welder），而女儿男友则是律师事务所的前台接待。那么必然推断出作者本身自己的行为举止也是贯彻自己的这一想法。推断选C，排除其他选项。PassageThree听力原文FlorenceHayesisajournalistfortheGreenVilleJournal,thedailynewspaperintown.SpecificallyshecoverscrimeintheGreenVillearea.Thisresponsibilitytakeshertomanydifferentplaceseveryweek——thepolicestation,thecourtnandthehospital.Mostofthecrimesthatshewritesaboutfallintotwogroups:violentcrimesandcrimesagainstproperty.Thereisn’tmuchviolentcrimeinasmalltownlikeGreenVille,oratleastnotasmuchasinthelargeurbanareas.ButassaultsoftenoccuronFridayandSaturdaynights,nearthebarsdowntown.There’realsooneortworapesoncampuseverysemester.Florenceisveryinterestedinthistypeofcrimeandtriestowritealongarticleabouteachone.SheexpectsthatthiswillmakewomenmorecarefulwhentheywalkaroundGreenVillealoneatnightFortunately,therewereusuallynomurdersinGreenVille.CrimesagainstpropertymakeupmostofMissHeyes’reporting.Theyrangefromminorcasesofdeliberatedamagingofthingstomuchmoreseriousoffenses,suchascaraccidentsinvolvingdrunkdriversorbankrobberiesbutFlorencehastoreportalloftheseviolationsfromthethiefwhotooktypewritersfromeveryunlockroominthedormitorytothethiefwhostoleonemilliondollarsworthofartworkfromtheuniversitymuseum.MissHayesenjoysworkingforanewspaperbutshesometimesgetsunhappyaboutallthecrimeshehastoreport.Shewouldprefertostartwritingaboutsomethingmoreinterestingandlessunpleasantsuchaslocalnewsorpolitics,maybenextyearFlorenceHayesGreenVille篇章类型及提要：听力点睛：本文主要从FlorenceHayes，一位来自GreenVilleJournal的记者的工作揭示GreenVille的治安状况。难词不多，难度适中，难词主要是对犯罪类词汇的，如violentcrimes,crimesagainstproperty,rape,robbery等，考生平时阅读及词汇学习一定要各种类型都涉及一点，掌握一些基本的专业词汇。其次这类从一个人的角度去看的文章，既要注意文中主人公的主观态度，也要关注客观事实。题目很可能把2者混淆起来考查考生。精剖细析：n32.WhatisFlorenceHayes’mainresponsibilityasajournalist?答案：B）ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.解析：问女主人公作为记者的主要工作职责。题目比较简单。文章开头就给出"SpecificallyshecoverscrimeintheGreenVillearea."且后面文章都是介绍女主人公报道的也都是镇上发生的犯罪行为。A和C选项范围大了，D选项范围有小了。只有B选项正确。33.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutsecurityinGreenville?答案：D）Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.解析：细节题。4个选项乍看都是和小镇治安有关。需要一个一个去排除。A选项文章并没有给出小镇以前和现在的治安状况对比，排除。B选项，文章的确提到了rapes，但是并没有提及在downtownareas的情况，且Greenville是个镇。C选项assaults常发生在nearthebarsdowntown不是schoolcampuses。如果做题时没做好笔记，关注好细节，很容易选错。34.WhatdowelearnaboutcrimesagainstpropertyintheGreenVillearea?答案：A)Thereareawiderangeofcases.解析：细节题。关键词是"crimesagainstproperty"，最后部分的听力中有"CrimesagainstpropertymakeupmostofMissHeyes'reporting."说明在Florence负责的犯罪行为中，和财产有关的占了大部分（makeup组成）。说明这种犯罪率比较高。A选项适合。C选项乍看像是答案，但文中并给出该类案件正在不断升级。排除。35.WhatwouldFlorenceHayesprefertodo?答案：A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.解析：此题听到prefer就知道答案应所锁定于听力最后。听力已经很明显给出"Shewouldprefertostart..."C和D没有提到。B选项，文中的确提到了localnewsorpolitics，但这只是她可能想要做的事情的举例而已，并不是非常明确就一定要去做。"omethingmoreinterestingandlessunpleasant"表明应该选A。SectionCCompoundDictation听力原文InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit’spickingoneofthirty-oneicecreamflavors,ordecidingwhetherandwhentongetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing,butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeusconfused,unhappy,evenparalyzedwithindecision.‘That’sparticularlytruewhenitcomestotheworkplace’,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthumanbehavior.Studentsaregraduatingwithavarietyofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselvesoverwhelmedwhenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheirsenioryear.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjobhuntingstrategiesandcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups：maximizers,whoconsidereverypossibleoption,andsatisficers,wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudentwhohadundertakenthemostexhaustedsearchwouldbethemostsatisfiedwiththeirfinaldecision,butitturnsoutthat’snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersendedupwithbetter-payingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren’tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereasonwhythesepeoplefeellesssatisfiedisthataworldofpossibilitiesmayalsobeaworldofmissedopportunities.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,apersonismoreacutelyawareoftheopportunitiestheyhadtoturndowntopursuejustonecareer.36flavors37confused38particularly39behavior40variety41overwhelmed42senior43strategies44whohadundertakenthemostexhaustedsearchwouldbethemostsatisfiedwiththeirfinaldecision45whythesepeoplefeellesssatisfiedisthataworldofpossibilitiesmayalsobeaworldofmissedopportunities.46apersonismoreacutelyawareoftheopportunitiestheyhadtoturndowntopursuejustonecareer.36-46解析：本次的复合式听写讲的是决策的问题。现代人面临着越来越多的决策，但是太多的选择会给人带来很多负作用。BarrynSchwartz对大学毕业生的决策做了观察实验，把学生分为两类决策者：满足者和最大化者。研究发现决策最大化者尽管普遍比满足者获得薪水高，但是却并不对他们的决策感到开心。这次的复合式听写稍微有些难度。需要注意的是需要加s的词flavors和strategies，在填写单词的时候要注意单复数。另外还有2个要填过去式或过去分词。此外，behavior的英式和美式拼写都可以。这次写的三句句子中第一句后半句比较简单，除了注意单词exhausting不要写成exhausted之外，后一句很快就可以写出来。第二句whythesepeoplefeellesssatisfiedisthataworldofpossibilitiesmightalsoaworldoflessopportunities这句比较长，但是结构比较简单，单词也不难，考生要注意。第三句分为两部分，后半部分一个定语从句。前半句重点搭配为beawareof，后半句的turndown和pursue都是考生应掌握的词汇。PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)SectionAQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.答案：47.whatisinyourboss'smind48.challengingourboss'sauthority49.possibleconsequences50.beproposedandreviewed51.confrontations47-51解析：点评：本篇文章主要讲的是说no的技巧；如何向你的上司说no？如何对你的同事说no？47题问的是“我们应当找出…，而不是直接对你的老板说no”；解此题，我们可以定位到文章的第三段Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon’tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit’suptoyoutofindoutwhat.这句话说的是“老板在做建议的时候通常是她的脑子里已经有了一些想法了，而你应该做的就是找出这些想法。”所以应该填“whatisinhermind.”48题明确指出提问的是作者的第二条警告；回到原文Thesecondruleisdon’traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.“我们不应该冒险挑战老板的权威”。n49题讲的是“对于你老板的建议，你应该…以及给她一个可供选择的解决方案”；回到原文第三段Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss’ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.后面作者列举了一些例子，都是关于consequences的解释；所以这里应当填possibleconsequences。50题讲的是“为了保证公平性，有必要对_______的故事设立一个系统”；回答本题，我们可以回到原文倒数第二段First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.所以应填入beproposedandreviewed。51题是针对文章的最后一段提问；Byanticipating“whatif…?”situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.本句中easeoutof和题目中的avoid异曲同工，所以，在这里填入confrontations即可。总体来说，本篇文章难度适中，所有问题基本都可以从原文中找到答案；特别需要注意的是有个别地方需要考生注意一下格式的对应，比如说第50题的beproposedandreviewed。SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?答案：D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.关键词：yet,boost定位：题干中thefirstparagraph提示答案定位在第一段。根据关键词可以进一步定位。解析：第一段第二句“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.”说明美国大众认为移民是不好的。而后面紧接着的第三句话“Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthat…providesasmallnetboost”说明经济学家认为移民是有促进作用的。这句话中的Yet和boost，就是与前一句话作了对比。说明了在关于移民影响的问题上，美国大众和经济学家所持的观点是不同的。选项D“thinkdifferently”对应原文意思，因此选择选项D。n53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?答案：B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.关键词：profit,lowerprices定位：第三段第三句。解析：原文第三段第三句“theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore”说明移民劳动力节约了制造成本，使得我们在小店里买的东西价格更低，这与选项B中的“goodsatlowerprices”对应，因此选择B。54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?答案：C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.关键词：low-skilled,reducethewages定位：第三段的最一句话。解析：原文第三段最后一句话“immigrationreducedthewagesoftheAmericanhigh-schooldrop-outs…”中“high-schooldrop-outs…”高中辍学的人即选项C中“low-skilledworkers”，而选项C中的“decentpay”与原文中“reducethewages”对应说明了移民会导致低技能水平的当地人更难找到一份体面工资的工作了。因此，C的意思与原文最符合，此处选择C。55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?答案：D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.关键词：high-skilled,fiscalburden定位：第四段第二句解析：第四段第一句提到“whatworriedthemmostwasthefiscalburden”说明当地的高技能人才最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项A“改变社会结构”，选项B“威胁了他们的经济地位”，选线C“导致社会不稳定，这三个选项与国家财政无关。而选项D“国家预算”属于财政方面，与原文意思符合，所以此处选择D。56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?答案：C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallnimpact.关键词：irony定位：第五段（文章最后一段）。解析：要做对这道题目要理解文章最后一段的意思。根据关键词irony能够提示答案就在本段中。第五段的第一句点明了本段的主要意思：移民对于美国的真正影响很小。后面“itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”是作者暗示人们对于移民影响的小题大做。而选项C中“makeabigfussabout”大惊小怪（答题）与原文意思相同，因此此处选择C。PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.这篇文章严格地遵循了顺序原则，考生若是发现这一规律，在解决这篇文章时即可缩小涉猎范围，快速准确定位，从而减少解题时间。57.Whatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?答案：A.Greaterdiversity.关键词：characterises、today定位：第一、二段解析：第一段是对57题题干的综合阐述，在第三行开头的关键词“today”之后，我们看到“morewomen”“awiderangeofethnicgroups”等字样，即可确定本题的答案是A.此外，在第二段，我们同样可以发现，第二段的第二行“thisapparentdiversity”就直接将选项A点出来了。58.Whatistheauthor’sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?答案：B.Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.关键词：concern、currentbusinessschooleducation定位：第二段的最后两行解析：在第二段的最后两行，我们看到“whichriskcreatingasetofclones…”,选项B中“uniformstyle”就是原文中“clone”的同义替换，正确答案就是B。59.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?答案：C.Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.关键词：ValerieGauthier、mostnimportant定位：第三段的最后两行解析：这道题的题干中有人名，还有最高级“most”,定位起来就非常容易了。在第三段的最后两行，我们可以很容易地找到答案“alsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach…”，所以我们的正确选项是C。60.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammersshouldconsiderrecruiting?答案：C.Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.关键词：MBAprogrammers、recruiting定位：第四段解析：这道题的题干中，根据关键词MBA我们定位到第三段的中间部分，但是根据前面59题的做题过程，我们大致了解到，第三段并没有讲跟recruit（招聘）相关的内容，于是我们看到第四段，第四段的第一行“selectingcandidates”以及第二行“seekingindividuals”都是题干中“recruiting”的同义替换，于是我们确定答案就在第四段，通过对第四段的阅读，我们可以很容易的得出正确的选项就是C。61.WhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?答案：D.Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.关键词：Mannaz、currentmanagementstyle定位：第五段（即最后一段）的第五、六行解析：大写字母开头的人名很自然地成为了关键词之一，根据Mannaz我们来到了最后一段的第五行，原文中“theincreasinginterest…morecollaborativemodels”,即直接将答案指向了D选项。PartVCloze答案：62employers63but64devote65competitive66academic67necessarily68outside69demanding70npotential71relevant72up73voluntary74and75Exceptional76perform77formally78Forinstance79demonstrated80scheme81peers解析：这是一篇关于大学生课外实践的社论，原文刊登在英国的《卫报》上，链接如下：http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2010/may/15/bristol-university-volunteering-award这里再次验证了平时阅读外刊的重要性，沪江部落小组里就有一些外刊的学习贴，大家平时可以参考一下：如《BBC新闻听写》《AP一分钟时事精华》《今日TOPIC》《六级出题来源揭秘》文章第一句，同样没有挖空，旨在帮助学生快速进入语境。文章主旨句：课外实践是大学生专业课程的重要补充。62.需要通篇理解才能给出答案。63.上一句的关键词是usually,讲述的是“通常的情况”，与“现在的情况”形成对比。因此63选but。64.这里需要一个和to搭配的动词，表达“投入”之意，因此只有devote符合。65.全文都在讲述学生找工作，这里的“人才市场”竞争激烈，才符合题意，因此competitive符合。66.本句里有个alongside，相当于beside，这里指课外实践以外的方面，当然就是academicn67.这里需要一个副词修饰动词appreciate，根据but前后的逻辑，我们应该选择necessarily，表示“必然;必定”:Bigmenaren'tnecessarilystrongmen.高大的人不一定强壮.68.根据全文的大意，这里的appreciate要接“课外实践”作宾语。69.根据下文的描述，我们可以知道“现在的雇主要比原先苛刻很多”，所以这里需要填上demanding70.根据本段最后一句，Now后面的描述，我们知道，原先并不是这样，原先只注重应聘者的潜力，其实“sawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant’sskills”也是一个佐证。71.这里需要一个和to搭配的形容词，根据倒数第二段的最后一句，我们很好判断出答案选择relevant。72.本空考察动词短语，signupfor表示“登记报名”，这里是符合题意的。73.根据文章第一句，这里很好判断，应该是voluntary，表示义工。74.这里是几个动作的顺承，应该用and。75.B)Exceptional这里需要形容词修饰efforts。exceptional，特别的，卓越的。2008年北京奥运会闭幕式上，奥委会主席罗格就用了exceptional这个词来形容这场盛世。什么样的成绩可以得奖呢？当然是优秀的成绩。occasional，偶然的；informative，内容充实的；relative，相关的。76.A)perform这里句子缺少谓语动词。perform，表现。学生、员工的“表现”，通常用perform/performance这个词。circulate，循环；convey，传达；formulate，制定、用公式表示。在运动场上表现优秀的学生可以获得体育相关的奖项。77.C)formally这里需要副词修饰动词organised。可以从Goodman后面举的例子上来判断，学生的经验不需要非要正式。roughly，粗略地；randomly，随机地；fortunately，幸运的。注意句子中的否定成分。78.A)Forinstance下面开始举例，故选择此项。Incontrast，相反；Inessence，本质上；Ofcourse，当然。n79.A)demonstrated词义辨析题。这里需要动词，与skills联系。demonstrate，展示；operate，操作；determine，决定；involve，卷入、包括。学生通过实践经验，展现自己的谈判技巧。80.C)scheme词义辨析。device，设备；section，部分；scheme，计划；distraction，分心。这里指的是BristolPLuS这项奖励计划。81.D)peers词义辨析。attendant，出席者；member，会员；agent，经纪人；peer，同龄人。本次六级完型填空考察了4处名词，3处连词，3处动词，6处形容词，2处介词，2处副词。只有少数几处能通过微观层面的语法搭配判定选项，其他大部分都需要通篇理解，因此有一定难度。PartVITranslation82.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,theywouldratherstopforthebeautifulview(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色)thanjustgoon.解析：本题考查两个知识点，比较活。停下来做某事可以表达为stopforsth.（此处sth.为汉译英动词转名词的技巧，即doingsth.→sth.），stoptodosth.或者stopanddosth.。而”欣赏美丽的景色”，若用动词组合表达则为enjoythebeautifulview即可。83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,aseithersiderefusestosoftentheirpositions(任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场)解析：本题语言表达在新闻英语中出现频率较高，一定程度上考查了考生平时练习新闻英语听力的成果。任何一方既可以用neitherside（后跟“放弃”的表达），也可以用eitherside（后跟“不肯放弃”的表达），而立场的表达较多，可用standpoint,position,ground,stance等，所搭配的动词也不尽相同。84.Thepillscouldhavecuredthecancerpatient(本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的),buthedidn’tfollowthedoctor’sadviceandtakethemnregularly.解析：等到本题虚拟语气的用法并不令人惊讶，这是历年六级考试中出现频率最多的考点之一，而治愈则用动词cure。heal更侧重于康复，愈合之意。85.Itisreallykindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp（你真好，给了我那么多帮助）；Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.解析：本题令人欣喜，因为对于itiskindofsb.todosth.的句法，绝大多数考生都烂熟于胸，而趋于口语的整句意思，也可轻易补全空格内容。86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyearsbeforetheywereabletoreunite（他们才得以重聚）解析：本题考查before的上下文语境用法。除去“在…之前”的意思外，A从句+before+B从句还能理解为A，B两事先后发生，即A之后，B接着发生。原句意为“三十年之后，他们才得以重聚”。如采用汉译英中的动词转名词的技巧，则可回答beforetheirreunion。整体评价：今年6月的六级翻译考题难度不大，把握关键句法结构，如84题的虚拟语气，85题的itiskindofsb.todosth.以及86题中before的用法，可以基本保证翻译题不翻船。而至于翻译中令人犹豫的部分可以斟酌取舍，拿不定的表达和用法只要做到保证句子通顺，符合语意即可，不必过分纠结。2011年12月英语六级真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheWaytoSuccessbycommentingonAbrahamLincoln'sfamousremark,"Givemesixhourstochopdownatree,andIwillspend,thefirstfoursharpeningtheaxe."Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.TheWaytoSuccess注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthenquestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Google'sPlanforWorld'sBiggestOnlineLibrary:PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomakedigitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesinAmericaandEurope-includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexactmethoditusesisunclear;thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto"organizetheworld'sinformation",soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:"Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehopetoexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilyaphilanthropic(慈善的)exercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays."Butwehaveneverbuiltaspreadsheet(电子数据表)outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders."Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion.ButGoogle'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecentlyemerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshaveleveledtwosetsofcriticismsatGoogle.First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.InarecentessayintheNewYorkReviewofBooks,RobertDanton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem.ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecomingmiredin(陷入)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakestheJaundiceandJaundicecaseinCharlesDickens'BleakHouselookstraightforward.Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmostbooks,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedbycopyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthedurationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'sheirstobenefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,ofcourse,thatalmostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright–andthelastcenturysawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40millionbooksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27millionareoutofprint.OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthen"publicdomain"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionofMiddlemarch,whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch).But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefense,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright–arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesofthesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy."Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonceauthorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"saysPiersBluffed,oftheSheilaLandliteraryagencyinLondon."Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbotheringtask."In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit(集团诉讼)againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages–andtryingtosummarizeitisnoeasytask."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"saysBluffed,oneofthesettlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsandpublisherswhoserightsithasbreached(includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks).Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.ThissettlementhandsGooglethepower-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders–toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondealssoldtolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicense.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatareprovingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.Criticspointoutthat,bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller."Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelman,associateprofessoratNewYorkLawSchool.Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions,Googlecouldbecomeasignificantforceinbookselling.Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon"orphan"works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder–thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehasscanned.Underthesettlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,commercialcontrolautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemtoindividualbuyersundertheconsumerlicense.Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbeenacted(执行)–itisthesubjectoffairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,GooglewillineffectbeoffthehookasfarascopyrightviolationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-andthecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.NooneknowsthepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintellectualpropertyithasgainedbyscanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGerick,anAmericansciencewriterandmemberoftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'tevenknowitself.Butwhatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhaveasignificantimpactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.n注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.A)toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublicB)toencouragereadingaroundtheworldC)tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibrariesD)topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.A)broadenhumanity'sintellectualhorizonsB)helpthebroadmassesofreadersC)revolutionizetheentirebookindustryD)makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_____.A)non-profitorganizationsC)multinationalcompaniesB)theworld'sleadinglibrariesD)theworld'stechgiants4.Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.A)thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooksB)thecopyrightofthebooksitscannedC)theinterestoftraditionalbooksellersD)thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks5.Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.A)itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontentB)itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholdersC)makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyrightD)theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6.WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?A)ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.B)Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.C)ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.D)Itcouldleadtomoreout-of-courtsettlementsofsuchdisputes.7.Whatremainedcontroversialaftertheclassactionsuitended?A)Thecompensationforcopyrightholders.B)ThechangeinGoogle'sbusinessmodel.C)Google'sfurtherexploitationofitsdatabase.D)Thecommercialprovisionsofthesettlement.8.While_____,Googlemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.9.Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarenotknownarecalled_____.10.Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendously_____inthefuture.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.nDuringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Cancelthetriptoprepareforthetest.B)ReviewhisnotesoncehearrivesinChicago.C)Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.D)Prepareforthetestafterthewedding.12.A)Thewomanwillhelpthemanrememberthelines.B)Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.C)Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.D)Thewomanwillpromptthemanduringtheshow.13.A)Preparationsforanoperation.C)Arrangingabedforapatient.B)Acomplicatedsurgicalcase.D)Rescuingthewoman'suncle.14.A)Heisinterestedinimprovinghiseditingskills.B)Heiseagertobenominatedtheneweditor.C)HeissuretodoabetterjobthanSimon.D)Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15.A)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.B)Hehasalreadyreachedtheretirementage.C)Hemadeastupiddecisionatthecabinetmeeting.D)HehasbeensuccessfullyelectedPrimeMinister.16.A)Thisyear'sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceexploration.B)Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.C)Theshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveworldwide.D)Themanisexcitedatthenewsoftheshuttleflight.17.A)Atanautorescuecenter.C)Atasuburbangarage.B)Atacarrentingcompany.D)Atamountaincamp.18.A)Hegothisspeakersfixed.C)HelistenedtosomeseriousmusicB)Hewentshoppingwiththewoman.D)Heboughtastereosystem.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Providingaidtothedisabled.B)Printinglabelsformanufacturedgoods.C)Promotingproductsformanufacturers.D)Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20.A)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.B)Allofthemaremanufacturedinhisownplant.C)Thekitchenwareinhisshopisofuniquedesign.D)Abouthalfofthemareunavailableonthemarket.21.A)Theyspecializeinoneproductonly.C)TheyrunchainstoresincentralLondon.B)TheyhaveoutletsthroughoutBritain.D)Theysellbymailorderonly.nQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itpublishesmagazines.B)Itsponsorstradefairs.C)Itrunssalespromotioncampaigns.D)Itisengagedinproductdesign.23.A)Theadspecificationshadnotbeengivenindetail.B)Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.C)Thewoman'scompanyfailedtomakepaymentsintime.D)Organizingthepromotionwasreallytime-consuming.24.A)Extendthecampaigntonextyear.B)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.C)Runanotherfour-weekcampaign.D)Givehera10percentdiscount.25.A)Stopnegotiatingforthetimebeing.B)Calmdownandmakepeace.C)ReflectontheirrespectivemistakesD)Improvetheirpromotionplans.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theylookspotlesslycleanthroughouttheirlives.B)Theyarelookedafterbyanimal-careorganizations.C)Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.D)Theyarelabeledpetanimalsbytheresearchers.27.A)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.B)Theymaybehaveabnormally.C)Theymaybreedoutofcontrol.D)Theymaycausedamagetotheenvironment.28.A)Whentheybecomeescapees.B)Whentheyarenolongeruseful.C)Whentheygettooold.D)Whentheybecomeill.29.A)Whilelaunchinganimalprotectioncampaigns,theyweretrappingkitchenmice.B)Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.C)Whileadvocatingfreedomforanimals,theykepttheirpetmouseinacage.D)Whilecallingforanimalrights,theyallowedtheirkidstokeeppetanimals.nPassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theytakeitforgranted.B)Theyarecrazyaboutit.C)Theycontributemosttoit.D)Theyoftenfindfaultwithit.31.A)Heatandlight.B)Economicprosperity.C)Historicalcontinuity.D)Tidalrestlessness.32.A)Theyfindthecityalientothem.B)Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.C)Theylackknowledgeofthecultureofthecity.D)Theyhavedifficultysurviving.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Apoliticaldebate.C)Adocumentary.B)Afootballgame.D)Amurdermystery.34.A)Itenhancesfamilyrelationships.C)Ithelpsbroadenone’shorizons.B)Itisasheerwasteoftime.D)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.A)HewatchesTVprogramsonlyselectively.B)Hecan'tresistthetemptationofTVeither.C)Hedoesn'tlikewatchingsportsprograms.D)Heisnotamanwhocankeephispromise.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytoworkonamicro-scale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinsidethehumanbodyto(36)_____healthproblemsortoperform(37)_____surgery.Repaircrewsdidnothaveawayof(38)_____brokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-rise(39)_____building.However,that'sabouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshavestartedamicrominiaturen(超微)(40)_____thatallowsscientiststoenvision–andinsomecasesactuallybuild–microscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromiseto(41)_____changethewayweliveandwork.Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700tiny(42)_____motors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshaveperfectedtheworld'sfirstmicroscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthroughaperson'sblood(43)_____,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveoftheheartitself.(44)______________________________________________________________________.Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevices_______________________________________________________(45)___________________________________________________________________________.Somefuturistsenvisionnanotechnology(纳米技术)alsobeingusedtoexplorethedeepseainsmallsubmarines,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiatureinstruments.Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications.So,(46)_________________________________________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalcapabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat"howthingsgetdone"influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDracker,coinedthephrase"Managementisdoingthingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings,"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms.WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,exploredleadershipstylesinthepastdecade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.HisSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeoplebecameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadershipparadigm(范例),whichheobservedcenteredontraitsfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonalityethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonintegrity,modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,andsoforth.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness,itisvitalthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue.Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto"putfirstthingsfirst,"whichimpliesthatbeforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbeseenastrustworthy.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。n47.Tobegoodleaders,managersmustpaycloseattentiontotheirown_____.48.AccordingtoPeterDracker,leadersshouldbegoodat_____.49.Thepersonalityethicsuggeststhatpeoplearelikelytosucceediftheyhave_____.50.AccordingtoStephenCovey,leaderswhohopetoachieveoutstandingsuccessneedfirstofallto_____.51.Goodleadershiprequiresonetoknowone'sownstrengthsandbeabletowinpeople's_____.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China"}India!Brazil!Howabouttrade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates–butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade–moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates–isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogistics(物流)haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssig¬nifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice–agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinnforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?A)Competitionfromoverseas.C)Slacktradeactivities.B)People'sreluctancetospend.D)Decreasingproductivity.56.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargennumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies.IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheWhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?A)Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.B)Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.C)Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.D)Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.58.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialization?A)Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.B)ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.C)Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.D)Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.59.WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto_____.A)governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversitiesB)compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustriesC)fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsD)concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?A)Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.B)Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.C)Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.D)Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.61.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?A)Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.B)Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.nC)Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.D)Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Ifyouknowwheretofindagoodplastic-freeshampoo,canyoutellJeanneHegel?LastSeptember,the28-year-oldChicagoresident__62__tocutplasticsoutofherlife.Themarketingcoordinatorwasconcernedabout__63__thechemicalscomingoutofsomecommontypesofplasticmightbedoingtoherbody.Shewasalsoworriedaboutthedamagealltheplastic__64__wasdoingtotheenvironment.Soshe__65__onherbikeandrodetothenearestgrocerystoretoseewhatshecouldfindthatdidn't__66__plastic."Iwentinand__67__boughtanything,"Hegelsays.Shedid__68__somecannedfoodandacarton(纸盒)ofmilk–todiscoverlaterthatbothcontainerswere__70__withplasticresin(树脂)."Plastic,"shesays,"justseemedlikeitwasineverything."She'sright.Backinthe1960s,plasticwaswell__71__itswaytobecomingastapleofAmericanlife.TheU.S.produced28milliontonsofplasticwastein2005–27milliontonsofwhich__72__inlandfills(垃圾填埋场).Ourfoodandwatercome__73__inplastic.It'susedinourphonesandourcomputers,thecarswedriveandtheplanesweridein.Butthe__74__adaptablesubstancehasitsdarkside.Environmentalistsfeelworriedaboutthepetroleumneededtomakeit.Parentsworryaboutthepossibilityof__75__chemicalsmakingtheirwayfrom76plasticintochildren'sbloodstreams.WhichmeansHegelisn'ttheonlypersontryingtocutplasticoutofherlife–sheisn't__77__theonlyonebloggingaboutthiskindof__78__.Butthosewho'vetriedknowit's__79__fromeasytogoplastic-free."Thesethingsseemtobesocommon__80__itispracticallyimpossibletoavoidcominginto__81__withthem,"saysFrederickvimSail,abiologistattheUniversityofMissouri.62.A)resolvedB)recoveredC)removedD)retreated63.A)whenB)whatC)whoD)why64.A)essenceB)unitC)crustD)rubbish65.A)hingedB)hoppedC)stretchedD)dipped66.A)includeB)induceC)composeD)consist67.A)slightlyB)nearlyC)roughlyD)barely68.A)pursueB)prescribeC)preserveD)purchase69.A)ratherB)evernC)merelyD)only70.A)probedB)coupledC)linedD)combined71.A)byB)overC)onD)under72.A)endedupB)pulledupC)putupD)setup73.A)trappedB)adaptedC)wrappedD)adopted74.A)interactivelyB)remotelyC)infinitelyD)resolutely75.A)sensibleB)toxicC)attractiveD)absurd76.A)householdB)familyC)internalD)civil77.A)hardlyB)largelyC)evenD)still78.A)endeavorB)recreationC)accomplishmentD)diligence79.A)wellB)littleC)farD)much80.A)whileB)whichC)butD)that81.A)fashionB)approachC)contactD)agreementPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________(也许会被车撞倒的).33.Bynomeans______________________________(他把自己当成专家)althoughheknowsalotaboutthefield.84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshavemadeforhim,______________________________(把他们所做的视作理所当然).85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother______________________________(不干涉她的婚姻).86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfoundhimself______________________________(经常上网查找信息).2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案快速阅读1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld’sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____n【答案】B.toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublic2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google’sbook-scanningprojectwill【答案】B.broadenhumanity’sintellectualhorizons3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_______.【答案】C.non-profitorganizations4.【答案】D.thecopyrightofthebooksitscanned5.【答案】B.theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6.【答案】B.Itwassettleaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.7.【答案】D.Thecommercialprovisionofthesettlement8.【答案】Providinginformationforfree9.【答案】orphanworks10.【答案】changetheworld’sbookmarketSectionA11.【答案】A)Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.12.【答案】C)Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.13.【答案】A)Arrangingabedforapatient14.【答案】A)Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15.【答案】C)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.16.【答案】D)Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.17.【答案】A)Atacarrentingcompany18.:Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?【答案】A)Helistenedtosomeseriousmusic.19:Whatkindofbusinessdoesthemanengagedin?【答案】B)Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisstockofproducts?【答案】D)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.21:Whatdoesthemansayaboutotherpeopleinhislineofbusiness?【答案】D)Theysellbymailorderonly.22:Whatdowelearnabouttheman’scompany?【答案】C)Itsponsorstradefairs.23:Whywasthecampaigndelayedaccordingtotheman?【答案】C)Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.24:Whatdoesthewomanproposeasasolutiontotheproblem?【答案】D)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.25:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydoattheendoftheconversation?【答案】D)Reflectontheirrespectivemistakes.26.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmostofthemiceusedforexperiments?【答案】D)Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.27Whydidtheso-calledbadmicehavetobecapturedanddestroyed?【答案】C)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.28Whenaremicekilledwithoutpriorapproval?【答案】C)Whentheybecomeescapees.29WhydoesthespeakersaywhattheHera’sdidathomeisironical?n【答案】A)Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.30.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthenativesofNewYork?【答案】D)Theytakeitforgranted.31.WhatdoesthespeakersaycommutersgivetoNewYork?【答案】A)Tidalrestlessness.32.WhatdowelearnaboutthesettlersofNewYork?【答案】B)Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.33.Asthespeakerwalkedintothelivingroom,whatwasbeingshownonTV?【答案】D)Amurdermystery34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwatchingtelevision?【答案】C)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.Whatcanwesayaboutthespeaker?【答案】B)Hecan’tresistthetemptationofT.V.either.（36）detect（37）delicate（38）identifying（39）apartment（40）revolution（41）dramatically42）primitive（43）vessels（44）Althoughsimpleversionsofminiaturedeviceshavehadanimpact,advancedversionsarestillseveralyearsaway.（45）thatcansensewhentoreleaseanairbagandhowtokeepenginesandbreaksoperatingefficiently.（46）whenscientistsnowthinkaboutfuturemachinesdoinglargeandcomplextasks,they’rethinkingsmallerthaneverbefore.仔细阅读SectionA47.values,abilitiesandstrengths48.doingtherightthings49.positivementalattitude50.managethemselves51.trustSectionBPassageOne53.AItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheUShaveincreased.54.CProducersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials55.CPeople’sreluctancetospend56.BToincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.PassageTwo57.A.theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.58.B.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.59.A.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities.60.A.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.61.C.Bypromotingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.完形填空62:resolved63:what64:essencen65:hopped66:include67:barely68:purchase69:merely70:combined71:on72:endedup73:wrapped74:infinitely75:toxic76:household77:even78:endeavor79:far80:that81:contact翻译82：maybeknockeddownbycar83:doeshetakehimselftobeanexpert。84:andtakeitforgranted。85:notinterferemarriage。86．oftensearchinginformationontheinternet作文ThewaytosuccessWhatissuccess?Infact,successisapositivefeeling,itisastateofconfidenceafterweachieveouridealsSoallofuswilltryourbesttogetsuccess.“IfAisasuccessinlife,thenAequalsxplusyplusz..Hardworkingisx;yisgoodmethodsandzisstoptalkingandgetdowntowork.“ItissaidbyEinstein,whoisusedtobeawinneroftheNobelPrize.AccordingtothisWisdom,weknownthatifwewanttodoeverythingsuccessful,wemustfollowtheseways.Whenwebegintostudy,ourparentsandteachersalwaystoldustostudyhard.Hardworking,whichisanusefulwaytosuccess,isnecessaryforus.Hardworking,whichmeansweshouldtryourbesttodothethings.Besides,ifyouwanttogetsuccess,wenotonlyneedhardworking,butalsohavesomeusefulmethods.Ifyouhavesomeusefulmethods,youwillfeelthatitiseasiertoachieveyourgoals.What'smore,wemuststoptalkingandgetdowntowork.Successisbaseontheactions.Actions,maynotletwegetsuccess.Butifwenotaction,itcanneverbesuccessful.Regardlessofthedreamisbigorsmall,thegoalishighorlow,fromnowon,swingitintoaction.Inmyopinion,ifyoufollowtheseimportantwaystodoeverythings,youwillgetsuccessatlast.