英语四级历届试题集合06-10年12月大学英语四级真题及参考答案[1]

英语四级历届试题集合06-10年12月大学英语四级真题及参考答案[1]

　2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?...PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.AGrassrootsRemedyMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,nchildrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.FivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworldWalk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthenwindwithbirdsongforbackground.Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?[A]Personalfreedom.[B]Thingsthatarenatural.[C]Urbansurroundings.[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured.7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.[A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople[C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe________________________.n9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout________________________.10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.[B]Shecan’tstandthehotweather.[D]SheenjoysstayinginWashington.12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.[C]Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.[D]Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.[B]Whethershecangobyherself.[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.15.[A]Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.[B]Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.[C]Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.[D]Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.16.[A]Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.[B]Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.[C]Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.[D]Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.17.[A]Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.[B]Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.[C]Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.[D]Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.18.[A]Sheisblackandblueallover.[B]Shehastogotoseeadoctor.[C]Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.[D]Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.nQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.[A]Shewasabankmanager.[B]Shewasavictimoftherobbery.[C]Shewasadefencelawyer.[D]Shewasawitnesstothecrime.20.[A]Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.[B]Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface.[C]Athirty-year-oldguywearingalightsweater.[D]Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun.21.[A]Identifythesuspectfrompictures.[C]Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles.[B]Goupstairstosignsomedocument.[D]Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.[A]Byreadinganewspaperad.[C]Bylisteningtothemorningnews.[B]ByseeingacommercialonTV.[D]Bycallinganemploymentservice.23.[A]Shecouldimproveherforeignlanguages.[B]Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.[C]Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.[D]Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.24.[A]Takingmanagementcourses.[C]Workingasasecretary.[B]TeachingEnglishatauniversity.[D]StudyingforadegreeinFrench.25.[A]Prepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays.[B]Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.[C]Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.[D]Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.[A]Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke.[B]Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein.[C]Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.[D]Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.27.[A]HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.[B]Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.[C]HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.[D]Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge.28.[A]Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.[B]Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.[C]Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.n[D]Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.29.[A]FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.[B]Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.[C]Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.[D]Informativespeechescansavelives.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.[A]Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.[B]Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.[C]Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.[D]Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.31.[A]Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.[B]Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.[C]Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture.[D]Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.32.[A]Makingwiseuseofyourtime.[B]Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.[C]Savingasmuchasyoucan.[D]Workinghardandplayinghard.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.[A]Hardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedofcheating.[B]Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers.[C]Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly.[D]Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime.34.[A]Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutoftherestaurant.[B]Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthefood.[C]Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthecounters.[D]Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime.35.[A]Hewastakentothemanager.[C]Hewasaskedtoleave.[B]Hewascloselywatched.[D]Hewasovercharged.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto(36)_____________ourfamilyhistoriessoourchildrenandgrandchildrencanlearnand(37)_____________theirheritage(传统).WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomany(38)_____________,colleges,business,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthentime—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)_____________rooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmore(40)_____________thanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephone(41)_____________todrop.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)_____________anddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandto(43)_____________them.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussandcollaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)__________________________________________________________.Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.(45)____________________________________________________.Nomatterwhatthecontentofthemessage,itsrealpointis,“IwantyoutoknowthatIcareaboutyou.”(46)____________________________________________________________________,butonlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。[A]abilities[I]extent[B]achieve[J]indicates[C]appeal[K]proceeds[D]complaints[L]psychological[E]contributions[M]raised[F]displayed[N]smart[G]essentially[O]standardn[H]eventuallySectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia(学术界)outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee’sisoneofthem.Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical(制药的)companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition(转换)toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.By“aone-waystreet”(Line1,Para.1),theauthormeans________.[A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch58.Theword“deterrent”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat________.[A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]attractspeople’sattention[B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]bringssomeoneafinancialburden59.WhatwasHelenLee’smajorconsiderationwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?n[A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus.[B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsofacademicaccomplishments.60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto________.[A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork[B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld[C]enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch[D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?[A]Increaseitsgraduates’competitivenessinthejobmarket.[B]Developitsstudents’potentialinresearch.[C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.[D]Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsandwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’saflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays:“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.WilliamFarr’sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone’squalityoflife[C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage[D]marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevityn63.LindaWaite’sstudiessupporttheideathat_________.[A]oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthy[B]marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth[C]themarriedarehappierthantheunmarried[D]unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife64.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”(Line4,Para.2)refersto_________.[A]thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried[B]theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage[C]theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone’sfamily[D]theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?[A]Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.[B]Theyhelpdeveloppeople’scommunityspirit.[C]Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.[D]Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife’sburdens.66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]It’simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.[B]Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.[C]Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.[D]Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.PartⅤCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest“GlobalReportonHumanSettlements”saysasignificantchangetookplacelastyear.Thereport67thisweekfromU.N.Habitat,aUnitedNationsagency.Acenturyago,68thanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities.69themiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,or70sixandahalfbillionpeople.Alreadythree-fourthsofpeoplein71countriesliveincities.Nowmosturbanpopulation72isinthedevelopingworld.Urbanizationcan73tosocialandeconomicprogress,butalsoput74oncitiestoprovidehousingand75.Thenewreportsaysalmosttwohundredthousandpeoplemove76citiesandtownseachday.Itsaysworseninginequalities,77bysocialdivisionsanddifferencesin78,couldresultinviolenceandcrime79citiesplanbetter.Anotherissueisurbansprawl(无序扩展的城区).Thisiswherecities80quicklyintoruralareas,sometimes81amuchfasterratethanurbanpopulationgrowth.Sprawlis82intheUnitedStates.Americansmovealot.Inarecentstudy,ArtHallattheUniversityofKansasfoundthatpeoplearemovingawayfromthe83citiestosmallerones.Heseesa84toward“de-urbanization”acrossthenation.n85urbaneconomiesstillprovidemany86thatruralareasdonot.67.[A]cameon[C]cameover[B]cameoff[D]cameout68.[A]more[C]less[B]other[D]rather69.[A]By[C]Along[B]Through[D]To70.[A]really[C]ever[B]barely[D]almost71.[A]flourishing[C]thriving[B]developed[D]fertile72.[A]extension[C]raise[B]addition[D]growth73.[A]keep[C]lead[B]turn[D]refer74.[A]pressure[C]restraint[B]load[D]weight75.[A]surroundings[C]concerns[B]communities[D]services76.[A]onto[C]around[B]into[D]upon77.[A]pulled[C]drawn[B]driven[D]pressed78.[A]situation[C]treasure[B]wealth[D]category79.[A]when[C]unless[B]if[D]whereas80.[A]expand[C]invade[B]split[D]enlarge81.[A]in[C]with[B]beyond[D]at82.[A]common[C]ordinary[B]conventional[D]frequent83.[A]essential[C]primitive[B]prior[D]major84.[A]trend[C]direction[B]style[D]path85.[A]Then[C]For[B]But[D]While86.[A]abilities[C]possibilities[B]qualities[D]realitiesPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninnbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.________________________________________________________(为了确保他参加会议),Icalledhimupinadvance.88.Themagnificentmuseum________________________________________(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago.89.Therewouldbenolifeonearth___________________________________________(没有地球独特的环境).90.___________________________________(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople.91.Theyrequestedthat__________________________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.　2010年6月大学英语四级考试真题　PartIWriting(30minutes)　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写　　2.出现这种情况的原因　　3.为了改变这种状况，我认为…　　DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　CaughtintheWeb　　Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetonspend15hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem.　　"Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslippingintoadepression,"saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djustkeepgoing,"detaching(使脱离)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.　　Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snotalone.　　ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.　　ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.　　"There'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist(精神科医生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.　　JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.　　ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."　　About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime."　　"TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessivenuse,hesaid."They'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn(色情)orgambling"websites.　　ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,"saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit'saloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoomuch."　　Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternetBehavior.http://www.hxen.com　　ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:　　●Havingasenseofwell-being(幸福)orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.　　●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.　　●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.　　●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.　　●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.　　●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.　　●Problemswithschoolorjob.　　Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene(卫生)andsleepdisturbances.　　PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."　　SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"gamingaddiction."　　AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干预),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight.　　"There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."　　ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostednamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction."　　"I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押贷款)andfacelosingeverything."　　Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?　　A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.　　B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.　　C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.　　D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.　　2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?　　A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.　　B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.　　C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.　　D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.　　3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.　　A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment　　B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences　　C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife　　D)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition　　4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.　　A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships　　B)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently　　C)toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms　　D)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling　　5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel______.　　A)discouraged　　B)pressured　　C)depressed　　D)puzzled　　6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?　　A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.　　B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.　　C)Hehadoffendedhisnrelatives.　　D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.　　7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.　　A)improvehisonlinegamingskills　　B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming　　C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming　　D)exchangeonlinegamingexperience　　8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.　　9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseek______.　　10.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。恒星英语学习网　　11.　　A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.　　B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.　　C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.　　D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.　　12.　　A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.　　B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.　　C)Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.　　D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.　　13.　　A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.　　B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.　　C)Tidyuptheplace.　　D)Holdaparty.　　14.　　A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.　　B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.　　C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.　　D)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.　　15.　　A)Heunderstandsthewoman'snfeelings.　　B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.　　C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.　　D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.　　16.　　A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.　　B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.　　C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.　　D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.　　17.　　A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'slectures.　　B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'srequirements.　　C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'slecturesboring.　　D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'sclass.　　18.　　A)Checktheircomputerfiles.　　B)Makesomecomputations.　　C)Studyacomputerprogram.　　D)Assembleacomputer.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.　　A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.　　B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.　　C)Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.　　D)Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter.　　20.　　A)Itisintellectuallychallenging.　　B)Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.　　C)Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.　　D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.　　21.　　A)Inahospital.　　B)Atacoffeeshop.　　C)Atalaundry.　　D)Inahotel.　　22.　　A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.　　B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.　　C)Planningeverythinginadvance.　　D)Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.　　A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.　　B)TheannualinflationrateinBritain.　　C)ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneynon.　　D)TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain.　　24.　　A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.　　B)Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.　　C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.　　D)Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade.　　25.　　A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.　　B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.　　C)Buytheirownshoesandsocks.　　D)Makedonationswhennecessary.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.http://www.hxen.com　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　26.　　A)Districtmanagers.　　B)Regularcustomers.　　C)Salesdirectors.　　D)Seniorclerks.　　27.　　A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.常客　　B)Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.　　C)Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany'splans.　　D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers.　　28.　　A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.政治头脑　　B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.　　C)Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.　　D)Mostofthemwereratherconservative.　　29.　　A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.　　B)Hewasnotgendersensitive.　　C)Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.　　D)Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.　　A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadnwaiter.　　B)Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.　　C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.　　D)Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.　　31.　　A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.　　B)Youdon'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.　　C)Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.　　D)Youcan'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.　　32.　　A)Demandapromptresponse.立即的迅速的准时的　　B)Provideallthedetails.　　C)Senditbyexpressmail.　　D)Sticktothepoint.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.　　A)Fashiondesigner　　B)Architect.　　C)Cityplanner.　　D)Engineer.　　34.　　A)Dosomevolunteerwork.　　B)Getawell-paidpart-timejob.　　C)Workflexiblehours.　　D)Gobacktoherpreviouspost.　　35.　　A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.　　B)Itwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialburden.　　C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.　　D)Thechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more(36)______,lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37)______thingsout,moreconfident,resourcefuln(机敏的),persistentand(38)______thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling–or,unlessheisvery(39)______andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40)______withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41)______instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand(42)______thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43)______oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon'tevenknowthatlanguageexists–and(44)________________________________________________.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,(45)________________________________________________untilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,(46)________________________________________________,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe__47__wastefultotearthemalldownand__48__themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe__49__carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest__50__,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand__51__ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.　　Withsome__52__,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat__53__overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.　　Fortunately,therearea__54__numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from__55__oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetonyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp__56__propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　A)accommodations　　B)clumsy　　C)doubtful　　D)exceptions　　E)expand　　F)historic　　G)incredibly　　H)powering　　I)protect　　J)reduced　　K)replace　　L)sense　　M)shifted　　N)supplying　　O)vast　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.　　Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潜水艇)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.　　In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane–thearealeastsubjecttoimpact–fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwellsn(起落架舱).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.　　Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(隔绝的)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000℉.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?　　A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.　　B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.　　C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.　　D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.　　58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?　　A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.　　B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.　　C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.　　D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.　　59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?　　A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.　　B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.　　C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.　　D)Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.　　60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?　　A)Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.　　B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.　　C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.　　D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.　　61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?　　A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.　　B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.　　C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.　　D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.　　PassageTwo　　Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingnpassage.　　The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?　　ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.　　Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.　　Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."　　Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.　　Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治疗)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(静思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?　　A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.　　B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.　　C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.　　D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.　　63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?　　A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.　　B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.　　C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.　　D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingisnlimited.　　64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"…you'rejustunderlininghisfaults"(Line4,Para.3)?　　A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.　　B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.　　C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.　　D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.　　65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?　　A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.　　B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.　　C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.　　D)Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.　　66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?　　A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.　　B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.　　C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.　　D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptually,e-commercedoesnot__67__fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone,"mailorder"catalogs,orsendingapurchaseordertosupplier__68__fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel__69__inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference__70__inthedetails.　　Toaconsumer,themostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists__71__onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems,__72__anitem,arrangesaformofpayment,and__73__anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcatalog,e-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe__74__ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephone,e-commercearrangesfororderstobesent__75__acomputernetwork.Finally,insteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasacheck,e-commerce__76__onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.　　Inthedecade__77__1993,e-commercegrewfroman__78__novelty(新奇事物)toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993,few__79__hadawebpage,and__80__ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears__81__,bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpages,andmost__82__userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.__83__,manybanksnaddedonlineaccess,__84__onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame__85__.Moreimportantly,thevalueofgoodsandservices__86__overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.　　67.　　A)distractB)descendC)differD)derive　　68.　　A)withB)viaC)fromD)off　　69.　　A)appearedB)usedC)resortedD)served　　70.　　A)situatesB)liesC)rootsD)locates　　71.　　A)onB)ofC)forD)to　　72.　　A)reflectsB)detectsC)protectsD)selects　　73.　　A)sendsinB)putsoutC)standsforD)carriesaway　　74.　　A)visibleB)responsibleC)feasibleD)sensible　　75.　　A)besideB)overC)beyondD)up　　76.　　A)appealsB)admitsC)advocatesD)allows　　77.　　A)afterB)behindC)untilD)toward　　78.　　A)optionalB)invalidC)occasionalD)insignificant　　79.　　A)communitiesB)corpsC)corporationsD)compounds　　80.　　A)largelyB)slightlyC)solelyD)only　　81.　　A)latelyB)laterC)lateD)latter　　82.　　A)offeredB)convincedC)equippedD)provided　　83.　　A)InsteadB)NeverthelessC)HoweverD)Besides　　84.　　A)andB)orC)butD)though　　85.　　A)differentB)flexibleC)widespreadD)productive　　86.　　A)acquiredB)adaptedC)practicedD)proceeded　　PartVITranslation(5nminutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　87.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficulty__________________(集中注意力在实验上).　　88.Themanagerneverlaughed;neither__________________(她也从来没有发过脾气).　　89.Welookforwardto__________________(被邀请出席开幕式).　　90.Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner__________________(要安装在窗户旁).　　91.The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespite__________________(她父母的强烈反对).2010年6月英语四级四级答案及讲解:http://www.hxen.com/CET46/dongtai/2010-06-19/112786.html2010年6月英语四级四级听力:http://www.hxen.com/englishlistening/cet4/2009年6月英语四级真题PartIWriting（30minutes）　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofFreeAdmissiontoMuseums.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？　　2.也会带来一些问题　　3.你的看法PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HowDoYouSeeDiversity?　　Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.　　Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.n“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.　　“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofeyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”　　Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunderstandingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantage　　Atatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏见)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.　　“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletosayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGender　　Daleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.　　“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.　　“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-All　　Dougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.　　“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong’,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimatongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.　　“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYearoff,nnottheWesternNewYear.HeexplainedpolitelythatinhisculturethenewyeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.　　“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithtoyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”ABetterBottomLine　　Anopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.“MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asaresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”　　Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals,anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.　　Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc.,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainourselvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate？　　A）Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.　　B）Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.　　C）Hisresumedidn’tprovidethenecessaryinformation.　　D）Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.　　2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom_______.　　A）racialstereotypes　　B）invalidpersonalbias　　C）culturalignorance　　D）emphasisonphysicalappearance　　3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?　　A）Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.　　B）Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.　　C）Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.　　D）Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.　　4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?　　A）Arealestateagency.　　B）Apersonneltrainingcompany.　　C）Aculturalexchangeorganization.　　D）Ahi-techcompany.　　5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat____.n　　A）hehadhiredthewrongperson　　B）hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany　　C）hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell　　D）hemustgetridofhisgenderbias　　6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?　　A）Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted　　B）Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.　　C）Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.　　D）Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.　　7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?　　A）Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.　　B）Hedemandedanexplanation.　　C）Heflatlyturneditdown.　　D）Hereadilyapprovedit.　　8.Dougfelt________whenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.　　9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceof______totheirbusiness.　　10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe_______betweenus.PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD），anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.A）Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.B）Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.　　C）Shethrewasurprisepartyforherfriend.　D）Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.　　12.A）Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.B）TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.　　C）Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.D）Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet.　　13.A）Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.B）Hewasverycourageous.　　C）Heusedtobeafirefighter.D）Hewasaccusedofcausingafire.　　14.A）Makeaprofitableinvestment.B）Buyanewwashingmachine.　　C）GetpartsforthemachinefromJapan.D）Havetheoldwashingmachinefixed.　　15.A）Heispleasedwithhisexcitingnewjob.B）Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable.　　C）Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim.　　D）Heisnottoexcitedabouthisnewposition.　　16.A）Thewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartytomorrow.　　B）Themanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodois.　　C）Thewomandoesn’tknowhowtogettotheparty.　　D）Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.　　17.A）Drawingupabusinessplan.　　B）Discussingatermpaper.　　C）Finalizingacontract.　　D）Reviewingaco-authoredarticle.n　　18.A）Sheorderedsomepaper.　　B）Shehadtheprinterrepaired.　　C）Shechattedonlinewithafriend.　　D）Shefilledinanapplicationform.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A）Hishealthisgettingworse.　　B）Hecannolongerworkatsea.　　C）Hispastlifeupsetshimagooddeal.　D）Hehasnotgottheexpectedpension.　　20.A）Shepassedawayyearsago.　B）Sheusedtoworkasamodel.　　C）Shehasbeenworkingataclinic.　D）Shehasbeenseriouslyillforyears.　　21.A）Shehasmadelotsofmoneyasadoctor.B）Sheisgoingtotakecareofherolddad.　　C）Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.　D）Sheiskindandgenerousbynature.　　22.A）Hodinesoutwithhiswifeeveryweekend.　　B）Heisexcellentbutlooksbad-tempered.　　C）Hedoesnotcareabouthisappearance.　　D）Heisnotquitepopularwithhispatients.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.A）Themanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistake.　　B）Someofthetelephonesystemsdon’tworkproperly.　　C）Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.　　D）Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.　　24.A）Sendaserviceengineertodotherepairs.　　B）Consultherbossaboutthebestsolution.　　C）Passtheman’sordertotherightperson.　　D）Solvetheproblemathercompany’scost.　　25.A）Ideal.　　B）Temporary.　　C）Partial.　　D）Creative.SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　26.A）Itisentertaining.　　B）Itisacostlyhobby.　　C）Ittakeslotsoftime.　　D）Itrequirestraining.　　27.A）Theycanharmnearbyplants.　　B）Theymaycatchsomedisease.　　C）Theyfighteachotherforfood.　　D）Theymaypollutetheenvironment.　　28.A）Placethefoodonwarmerspots.　　B）Usepreparedfeedmixturesonly.　　C）Avoidusinganycontaminatedfood　D）Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.　　PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.A）Hewillbetrayevenhisbestfriends.　　B）Heisabletomakeupgoodexcuses.　　C）Hewillliewheneverhewants.　　D）Hetriestoachievehisgoalatanycost.n　　30.A）Shemadehimapologize.　　B）Shereadilyforgavehim.　　C）Shebrokeupwithhim.　　D）Sherefusedtoanswerhiscalls.　　31.A）Buyheranewsetoftires.　　B）Helpcleanherapartment.　　C）Lendherhisbatteries.　　D）Movefurnitureforher.　　PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.A）Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.　　B）Theirparentsputtoomuchpressureonthem.　　C）It’shardforthemtogetalongwithotherkids.　　D）Theyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirparents.　　33.A）Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather.　　B）Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing.　　C）Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.　　D）Heistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedproperty.　　34.A）ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalcare.　　B）Shehasnoexperienceinraisingchildren.　　C）Shewantstoshowoffherwealth.　D）Shehasnotimetodoitherself.　　35.A）ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies.　　B）Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.　　C）Theattentionthemediafocusesonthem.　　D）Thepursuingofperfectioninperformance.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡２上作答。　　Around120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He（36）____onstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember（37）____.Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis（假设），whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn（38）____onthetimeyouspendtryingtolessit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.　　Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone,thereisthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyforfourhours（39）____ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina（40）____?Theanswer,asyoumayhave（41）____,isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This（42）____,throughwhichtoocanlearnmore（43）____bydividingourpracticetime,isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,（44）__________________________________________.　　Butwe’renotfinishedyet.Wehaven’tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime.（45）__________________________________________.Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession,orlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulooknatitagain?（46）__________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）　　SectionA　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwritingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments__47__it.Theyfindthewritingprocess__48__anddifficult.　　Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit---__49__English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan__50__mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknots,asateachermy__51__istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto__52__themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.　　Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone__53__,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand__54__afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.　　ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and__55__lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep__56__tofluency,eloquence（雄辩），andcommandoflanguage.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A）closerI）painfulB）daily　　J）performanceC）emotionalK）professionD）enhanceL）remarkablyE）enormousM）requireF）especially　　N）sensitiveG）hinder　O）urgeH）mission　　　　SectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.　　Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofind.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandwhatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallynindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.　　Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs（企业家）whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional（过渡型的）cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.　　Someanalysts（分析师）arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer.Whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But—thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers—onedayitwillbe.　　57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?　　A）Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.　　B）Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.　　C）Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.　　D）Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.　　58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat____.　　A）muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials　　B）theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials　　C）customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials　　D）qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable　　59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion____.　　A）canattendvarioustradeshowsfree　　B）arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworld　　C）canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices　　D）aregainingmoreandmoresupport　　60.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?　　A）Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.　　B）Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainable.　　C）Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.　　D）Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea.　　61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?　　A）Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.　　B）Ithasaverypromisingfuture.　　C）Consumershavethefinalsay.　　D）Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand（缕）ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.　　Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.　　“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyourhair,”saidThureCeiling,angeologistattheUniversityofUtah.　　WhileU.S.dietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraincloudsmove.　　Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes（同位素）.Theheaviestrainfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.　　SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.　　Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamapoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyorthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.　　Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofrainsystems.　　“It’snotgoodforpinpointing（精确定位），”Cedingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”　　ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.　　Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.　　WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.　　ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.　　“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid.“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?　　A）One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.　　B）Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.　　C）Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.　　D）Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.　　63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”（Line1,Para.3）？　　A）Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.　　B）Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.　　C）Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues.　　D）Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence.　　64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest?　　A）ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.　　B）Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.　　C）Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.　　D）Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.　　65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?　　A）Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.　　B）Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.　　C）Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.n　　D）Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.　　66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?　　A）Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.　　B）Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.　　C）Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.　　D）Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.PartVCloze（15minutes）　　　　KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’syoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable__67__.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses__68__subwaysandtrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays.__69__,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”　　Sudareflectsaworrisome__70__inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,__71__amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.__72__mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis__73__.Lastyearsalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent__74__youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen__75__one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin2007__76__ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis__77__inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily__78__time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.　　Alarmedbythisstateof__79__,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation（JAMA）__80__acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata__81__wealthgap,demographic（人口结构）changesand__82__lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir__83__longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones__84__giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA__85__afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation（合并）intheautomotivesectoris__86__.　　67.A）profit　B）paymentC）income　　D）budget　　68.A）mostlyB）partiallyC）occasionally　D）rarely　　69.A）ThereforeB）BesidesC）OtherwiseD）Consequently70.A）driftB）tideC）current　　D）trend　　71.A）remarkablyB）essentiallyC）speciallyD）particularly　　72.A）WhileB）BecauseC）WhenD）Since　　73.A）surgingB）stretchingC）slippingD）shaking　　74.A）unlessB）ifC）as　　D）after　　75.A）lowerB）slighterC）broader　　D）larger76.A）liabletoB）intermsofC）thankstoD）inviewof77.A）uniqueB）similarC）mysteriousD）strange　　78.A）overB）againstC）on　　D）behind　　79.A）messB）boomC）growth　　D）decay　　80.A）proceededB）relievedC）launched　　D）revised　　81.A）quickeningB）wideningC）strengtheningD）lengthening　　82.A）averageB）massiveC）abundant　　D）general　　83.A）labelsB）cyclesC）vehicles　　D）devices84.A）orB）untilC）but　　D）then　　85.A）concludesB）predictsC）reckons　　D）prescribesn　　86.A）distantB）likelyC）temporaryD）immediatePartVITranslation（5minutes）　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad____________（很难跟上班里的同学）inmathandEnglish.　　88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary____________（就不会被大雨淋着了）.　　89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare____________（更有可能增加体重）.　　90.____________（很多人没有意识到的）isthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballinparticular.　91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis____________（与缺乏锻炼密切相关）.答案：快速阅读：1.A)Hejustwouldn'tlookherintheeye.2.C)culturalignorance3.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.4.B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.5.D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.7.A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.8.veryembarrassed9.inclusiveness10.differencesandsimilarities听力：11.D)Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.12.C)Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.13.B)Hewasverycourageous.14.B)Buyanewwashingmachine.15.D)Heisnotsoexcitedabouthisnewposition.16.D)Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.17.C)Finalizingacontract.18.A)Sheorderedsomepaper.19.B)Hecannolongerworkatsea.20.A)Shepassedawayyearsago.21.C)Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.22.B)Heisexcellentbutlooksbad-tempered.23.C)Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.24.D)Solvetheproblemathercompany'scost.25.A)Ideal.26.A)Itisentertaining.27.B)Theymaycatchsomedisease.28.D)Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.29.C)Hewillliewheneverhewants.30.A)Shemadehimapologize.31.D)Movefurnitureforher.32.A)Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.33.C)Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.34.D)Shehasnotimetodoitherself.35.B)Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.36.concentrated37.information38.depends39.straight40.row41.suspected42.phenomenon43.efficiently44.Oursecondruleisthis:itisbettertostudyverybrieflybyoften.45.Let'ssayyou'retryingtolearnnewbutratherdifficultEnglishvocabulariesusingastackofcards.46.Theansweris:itisbettertospreadoutthepresentationofthewordsyouarelearning.选词填空：47.M)require48.I)painful49.F)especially50.E)enormous51.H)mission52.D)enhance53.B)daily54.J)performance55.C)emotional56.A)closer常规阅读：57.A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.n58.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable59.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport60.A)Shedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit.61.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.62.B)Aperson'shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.63.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone'sbodytissues.64.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.65.A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.66.C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.完形填空67.C)income68.A)mostly69.B)Besides70.D)trend71.D)particularly72.A)While73.C)slipping74.B)if75.D)larger76.C)thanksto77.A)unique78.A)over79.D)decay80.C)launch81.B)widening82.D)general83.B)vehicles84.A)or85.B)predicts86.B)likely汉译英87.difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisfellowclassmates88.wouldnothavebeencaughtintheheavyrain89.morelikelytogain/putonweight90.Whatisnotrealizedbymanypeople/Whatmanypeopledonotrealize91.closelyrelatedtothelackofexercise2008年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting作文题目：LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义PartIIReadingcomprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.That'senough,kids　　ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.n"I'dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'dshoved."shesays,"Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,'No,wedon'tpush.'"Whathappenednextwasunexpected."Theboy'smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark."Stellasays."Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefor'discipliningherchild'.AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviourwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?"Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople'schildrenhasbecomeaminefieldInmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister'shouseit'sencouraged.Forher,it'saboutkidsbeingkids:"Ifyoucan'tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?"Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt'shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying"no"alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That'sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou'retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances."Kidsaren'tallraisedthesame."agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity."Butthere'sstillanideathatthey'rethepropertyoftheparents.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou'resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat'ssomehowacriticismofme."Inthosecircumstances,it'sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought."I'dgotothefirst."saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids,"Usuallyaquietreminderthat'wedon'tdothathere'isenough.Kidshavefinelytunedantennae(直觉）forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings."Hepointsoutthatbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst."Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey'rethereandaskthemtodealwithit."shesays.****howtoapproachaparentinthissituation.PsychologistMeredithFulleranswers:"Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:'Iknowyou'llthinkI'msillybutinmyhouseIdon'twant...'"Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'reearingforanotherchild.Whiteisstraightforward:"Commonsensemuseprevail.Ifthingsdon'tgowellthenhaveachat."There'reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate."Nowyoucan'tdoitwithoutfeelinguneasyaboutit."Whitesays.Menmightalsofeeluneasyaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren."Menfeelnervous,"Whitesays."Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren."ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centridnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone."Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday'sparentsweregrowingup,"hesays."Adultsarescaredofsaying,'Don'tswear',oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They'reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents."Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferfromitasmuchaschildren.MeredithFulleragrees,"Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworldinwhichneveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.""It'saboutwhatI'mdoinganwhatIneed,"AndrewFullersays."Thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,'Igotintotrouble',anddadsaid,'Youprobablydeservedit',areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers."Thisjumpingtoourchildren'sdefenceispartofwhatfuelsthe"walkingoneggshells"feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople'schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）withthechild,you'regoingtohavetodealwiththeparents.It'sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?"Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,"Whitesays."Isuspectthatit'sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool-better0educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved."Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged."Todaywehaveasituationwhere,inmanyfamilies,bothparentswork,sotheamountoftimechildrengetfromparentshasdiminished,"shesays."Also,sometimeswhenwetalkaboutbeingchild-centred,it'sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We'recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudor,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren."Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi'sintervention(干预）onherson;sbehalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy'smother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe'dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand."Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforhadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged."AndrewFullerdoesn'tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople'skids."Lookatkidsthataren'tyourownasapotentialminefield."hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon'tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy'smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?　A)Makeanapology.　　　　　　C)Disciplineherownboy.　B)Comeovertointervene.　　　　D)Takeherownboyaway.2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren?　A)It'simportantnottohurttheminanyway.　B)It'snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing.　C)It'sadvisabletotreatthemasone'sownkids.　D)It'spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble.3.AccordingtoProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity,whenone'skidsarecriticised,theirparentswillprobablyfeel___________.　A)discouraged　　　C)puzzled　B)hurt　　　　D)overwhelmed4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople'skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewFuller?　A)Talktothemdirectlyinamildway.　　　　　　C)Simplyleavethemalone.　B)Complaintotheirparentspolitely.　　　　　　D)Punishthemlightly.5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,___________.　A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemn　B)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticisekidsinpublic　　　　C)peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid'swrongdoings　　　　　D)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inawordwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,_________.　A)it'seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatient　B)it'sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct　C)it'simportanttobefriendlytoeverybody　D)it'shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?　A)They'dquestiontheteachers.　　　　C)They'dtellthekidstocalmdown.　B)They'dchargeuptotheschool.　　　D)They'dputtheblameontheirkids.8.ProfessorWhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe__________.9.AccordingtoProfessorWhite,today'sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey_________.10.　AndrewFullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnot________.PartIII　ListeningComprehensionDirection:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversation.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwas...Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.　B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.　C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.　D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.A)Apainter.　　　C)Aporter.　B)Amechanic.　　D)Acarpenter.13.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice.　　　　C)Makeinquirieselsewhere.　B)Findanewjobdownthestreet.　　　　D)Rentthe$600apartment.14.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.　B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.　C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.　D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.15.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturaltalentforart.　B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.　C)Heisn'tgoodatabstractthinking.　D)Hedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings.16.A)Shecouldn'thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.　B)Shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.　C)Sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.　D)Sheshouldn'thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.17.A)Shewantstogetsomesleep.　　C)Shehasaliteratureclasstoattend.　B)Sheneedstimetowriteapaper.　D)Sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem.18.A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.　B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.　C)Itisn'teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.　D)Theinterviewdidn'tgoaswellasheexpected.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.n19.A)Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly.　B)Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends.　C)Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects.　D)Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.20.A)Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.　B)Callingitspersonneldepartment.　C)Contactingitsmanager.　D)Searchingitswebsite.21.A)Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses.　B)Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage.　C)Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency.　D)Toutilizeitsretiredemployees'resources.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Buyatractor.　B)Fixahouse.C)Seeapieceofproperty.　D)Signabusinesscontract.23.A)Itisonlyfortymilesfromwheretheylive.　B)Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.　C)Itwasboughtatapricelowerthanexpected.　D)Ithasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.24.A)Growingpotatoeswillinvolvelesslabor.　B)Itssoilmaynotbeverysuitableforcorn.　C)Itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn.　D)Raisingpotatoeswillbemoreprofitable.25.A)Finances.　　　B)Labor.　　C)Equipment.　　　D)Profits.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,you'llhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassages,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity'spoliceforce.　B)Tocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguest.　C)Toaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurity.　D)Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil.27.A)Hehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagement.　B)HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForce.　C)Hecompletedhishighereducationabroad.　D)Heholdsamaster'sdegreeincriminology.28.A)Tocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartments.　B)Togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople.　C)Tohelptheresidentsintimesofemergency.　D)Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction.29.A)Popular.　　B)Discouraging.　　　　C)Effective.　　D)Controversial.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Peoplediffergreatlyintheirabilitytocommunicate.　B)Therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence.　C)Mostpubliclanguagesareinherentlyvague.n　D)Biggapsexistbetweenprivateandpubliclanguages.31.A)Itisasignofhumanintelligence.　B)Itimproveswithconstantpractice.　C)Itissomethingwearebornwith.　D)Itvariesfrompersontoperson.32.A)Howprivatelanguagesaredeveloped.　B)Howdifferentlanguagesarerelated.　C)Howpeoplecreatetheirlanguages.　D)Howchildrenlearntouselanguage.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Shewasatailor　B)Shewasanengineer.　C)Shewasaneducator.D)Shewasapublicspeaker.34.A)Basingthemonscience-fictionmovies.　B)Includinginterestingexamplesinthem.　C)Adjustingthemtodifferentaudiences.　D)Focusingonthelatestprogressinspacescience.35.A)Whetherspacemencarryweapons.　B)Howspacesuitsprotectspacemen.　C)HowNASAtrainsitsspacemen.　D)Whatspacemeneatanddrink.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,vouwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarereqiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethe(36)_______willcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.　　Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticultural,industrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates,butanew(37)__________hasappearedontheworld(38)_________---rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfew(39)_________.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,(40)___________,andautotheftareclearlyrising,(41)____________ineastemEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheUnitedkingdom.　　Whatisdirvingthiscrime(42)_________?Thesearenosimpleanswers.Still,therearecertainconditions(43)____________withrisingcrime;increasingheterogeneity(混杂)ofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,(44)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________.　　Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneous(同种类的),suchasJapan,Denmark,andGreece,(45)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthetwenty-firstcentury,and(46)________________nPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)　(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto49______fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthethemindandspirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha50______ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51______otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile52______theirownrelationshipsandresponsestoreadersoftenfindthatthe　53______intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide54______materialforreaders'imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books55______theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure56______.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders'bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.SectionBPassageoneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　Ifyou’reamaleandyou’rereadingthis,congratulations:you’reasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,you’remorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,you’lldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.　　There’remanyreasonsforthis---typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke—butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.　　“menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta.“thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”　　Gullottasayahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.　　TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.　　“whenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer,”hesays.“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim　butitwouldhaveprolongedhislife.”　　Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.　　“Alotofmenthinkthey’reinvincible(不可战胜的),”Gullattasays.“theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,’Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,……’”　　Thenthere’stheostrichapproach.”Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldnrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.　　“mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Garmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-usformenwouldinevitablylacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.“butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthedisease.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:it’scalledprematuredeath.”57．Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?　　　A)Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday　　　B）Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended　　　C)Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle　　　D)Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?　　　A)mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen　　　B)mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen　　　C)menaren’tascautiousaswomeninfaceofdanger　　　D)menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldisease59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,...”(line2,para.8)　　　A)itcouldhappentome,too　　　B）Ishouldavoidplayinggolf　　　C)Ishouldconsidermyselflucky　D)itwouldbeabigmisfortune60.whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach“(Line1,Para9)　　　A)Acauseattitudetowardsone’shealthconditions　　　B)Anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblems　　　C)Refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolved　　　D)Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?　　　A)Theymayincreasepublicexpense　　　B)Theywillsavemoneyinthelongrun　　　C)Theymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmen　　　D)TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassagetwoQuestion62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　High-qualitycustomerserviceispreachedbymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandone.　　Shoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangersandanyonewhowilllisten.　　Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetofrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtostudyjointlyconductedbyVerdeGroupandWhartonSchool.　　“storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdeGroup.“Thestorelosersthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement”n　　Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourothers,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstore.Foreverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting“snowballeffect”canbedisastroustoretailers.　　Accordingtotheresearch,shopperwhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblemRankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.　　Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,clutteredshelvesoverloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.　　Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting(业余兼职的)localpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.　　Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,　pre-stockingsalesitems,　hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestion.　　Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.　　“Retailerswho’erresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly,“saidprofessorStephenHoch.”Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.“Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhacenoideawhatiswrong.62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?　　　A)Mostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.　　　B)Customerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.　　　C)Fewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproved　　　D)customershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers63.whatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying”...theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”(Line2,Pra.4)　　　A)Newcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldones　　　B)Itisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsonoterstores.　　　C)Moststoresprovidethesamekindofservice　　　D)Notcomplainingtothemanagercausetheshoppersometroubletoo.64.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshopper___.　　　A)canstaylongerbrowsinginthestore　　　B)won’thavetroubleparkingtheircars　　　C)won’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurity　　　D)canfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?　　　A)Mannersofthesalespeople　　　B)Hiringofefficientemployees　　　C)Hugesupplyofgoodsforsale　　　D)Designofstorelayoutn66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto___　　　A)exertpressureonstoretoimprovetheirservice　　　B)settletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticway　　　C)voicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectly　　　D)shoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartV　　Cloze　　(15minutes)　　PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagerstakethemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue_67___childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand_68_sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy__69__to　participationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare__70__likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften__71__theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation__72__equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames__73__theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand__74__sportsfieldsandfacilities.　　Organizedyouthsports__75__appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped__76__someeducatoranddevelopmentalexperts__77__thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere__78__influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingsandeverydayexperiences.This__79__manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin__80__ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.　　Thisbeliefthatthesocial__81__inluencedaperson’soveralldevelopmentwasvery__82__topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates__83__thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout__84__theymightcontroltheexperiencesofchildrento__85__responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata__86__capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworks.67.A)　among　　　　B)　within　　　　C)　on　　　　D)towards68.A)　spread　　　　B)　speed　　　　　C)　spur　　　D)sponsor69.A)　access　　　　B)　entrance　　　C)chance　　　D)route70.A)　little　　　　　B)　less　　　　　C)　more　　　D)much71.A)　shrink　　　　B)　tighten　　　C)limit　　　　D)lack72.A)　bill　　　　　　B)　accounts　　　C)　fees　　　D)fare73.A)　so　　　　　　B)　as　　　　　C)　and　　　D)but74.A)　maintain　　　　B)　contain　　　C)　sustain　　D)entertain75.A)　last　　　　　　B)　first　　　　　C)　later　　　D)finally76.A)　before　　　　　B)　while　　　　C)　until　　　　D)when77.A)　realized　　　　B)　recalled　　　C)　expected　　D)exhibited78.A)　specifically　　　B)　excessively　C)　strongly　　D)exactly79.A)　moved　　　　　B)　conducted　　C)　put　　　　D)led80.A)　precise　　　　　B)　precious　　C)　particular　　D)peculiar81.A)　engagement　　　B)　environment　C)　state　　　D)status82.A)　encouraging　　　B)　disappointing　C)upsetting　　D)surprisingn83.A)　for　　　　　　B)　with　　　　C)　over　　　D)at84.A)　what　　　　　B)　how　　　　　C)　whatever　D)however85.A)　multiply　　　　B)　manufacture　　C)produce　　D)provide86.A)　growing　　　　B)　breeding　　　　C)raising　　　D)flyingPartVI　　　　　Translatiion(5minutes)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______________(他们至今还没有答案)88._________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou________(以防天气变冷)。90.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand________(决定自己创业)。91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown____________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)。2008年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题答案写作LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义DisposableplasticbagswereoncewidelyusedinChina.Whenwewentshoppingatsupermarketsanddepartmentsstores,shoppingassistantsoftenprovidedfreeplasticbagsforourconvenience.Forawhile,lifewithoutthemseemedunimaginableformostofus.However,disposableplasticbagsdobringseveredamagetoourenvironment.Costumersusuallythrewthemawayafteruse,andbecausetheyarethinandhardtodecompose,theseplasticproductswillexistforalongtime.Thisisanimmediatethreattoourearthandwater.Nowadays,thegovernmenthaspassedrelevantregulationsforlimitingtheuseofdisposableplasticbags:theyarenotfreeanymore.Insomeshoppingplaces,inordertoinvokethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,plasticbagsareofferedinamuchhigherprice.Asaresult,peoplearechangingtheirbehavior:paperandclothingbagsthatvanishedforalongtimecomebacktoourdailylife.Itistruethatbylimitingitsusage,everyoneinthissocietycontributessomeefforttotheimprovementoftheenvironment.快速阅读1.A　makeanapology.对应原文第7行Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise2.D　It’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble对应原文第10行Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield,其中minefield指的是雷区，表明比较难于处理的问题3.B　hurt对应原文第一页倒数第10行thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme4.A　Talktothemdirectlyinamildway.对应原文第一页倒数第6行usuallyaquietreminderthat“wedon’tdothathere”isenough.5.C　peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid’swrongdoings.此题难度较大，需要阅读中跳跃的范围较大，要直接跳到原文第二页的第10行ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofournsocietyhasaffectedeveryone,“Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup.6.B　It’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct.对应原文第二页第16行7.D　They’dputtheblameontheirkids对应原文第二页20行“Igotintotrouble”,anddadsaid,“Youprobablydeservedit.”8.challenged9.canbeproudof10.staysilent复合式听写Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethetrendwillcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.CrimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticulturalindustrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates.Butanewphenomenonhasappearedontheworldscene,rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfewoffenses.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,murderandautotheftareclearlyrising,particularlyineasternEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheUnitedKingdom.Whatisdrivingthiscrimeexplosion?Therearenosimpleanswers.Still,there’recertainconditionsassociatedwithrisingcrime.Increasingheterogeneityofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,changingnationalborders,greatereconomicgrowth,andthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong.Theseconditionsareincreasingobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneoussuchasJapan,Denmark,andGreecearenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthe21stcentury,andfailuretorecognizeandplanforsuchdiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems. 11.D.　Shehaslostcontactwithmostofherfriends12.A.　Apainter13.C.　Makeinquirieselsewhere14.C.　Hehasgainedsomeweightlately15.D　hedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings16.B　shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals17.A　shewantstogetsomesleep18.B　hischanceofgettingthejobisslim19.A.　hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly20.D.　searchingthewebsite21D.　toutilizeitsretiredemployees'resources22.C.　Seeapieceofproperty23.B　Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse24.C.　itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn25.A.　Finance26.A.　tointroducethechiefofthecity'spoliceforce27.D　heholdsamaster'sdegreeincriminology28.B.　togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople29.C.　effective30.B.　therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence31.C　itissomethingwearebornwith32.D　howchildrenlearntouselanguage33.B　shewasanengineer34.C.　adjustingthemtodifferentaudience35.A　whetherspacemencarryweapons36.trend37.phenomenon38scene39offences40murder41particularly42explosion43Associated44.changingnationalboarders,greatereconomicgrowthandthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrongn45.arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeenaccompaniedAmericansformostofitshistory.46.failuretorecognizeandplanfordiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems.选词填空答案：47.F)derive48.K)naturally49.H)escape50.G)diversity51.N)respect52.I)establishing53.B)characters54.A)abundant55.O)widen56.C)communicating阅读：P1男人面对的身体危机更多57.C他们获得足够长以读到这篇文章58.B男人没有像女人那样经常去寻求医疗救治59.A这时也会发生在我身上60.D因为害怕而不愿意知道自己的病情61.B可以省钱P2商家与各科的矛盾关系62.A当他们有不愉快经历时，大多数顾客不会费力去投诉63.D不向经理投诉同样会带给顾客麻烦64.B不会在停车时遇到麻烦65.销售员的礼貌66.直接把他们的不满告诉商店经理完型:67.A)among68.D)sponsor69.A)access70.B)less71.D)lack72.C)fees73.C)and74.A)maintain75.B)first76.D)when77.A)realized78.C)strongly79.D)led80.C)particular81.B)environment82.A)encouraging83.D)at84.B)how85.C)produce86.A)growing翻译：87.towhichtheystillhavenoanswerstoday.88.whatmostparentsareconcernedabout.89.incaseoftemperaturedrop.90.decidedtostarttheirownbusiness.91.untiladoctorfounditbychance.2008年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷　　一.写作部分(9：00-9：30)　　PartⅠWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofApologyaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.　　1.娱乐活动多种多样　　2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性　　3.作为大学生，我的看法。　　二.快速阅读(9：30-9：45)　　MediaSelectionforAdvertisements　　Afterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusourattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home.Internet,anddirectmail.n　　Television　　Televisionisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.　　Television'sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.TheGolfChannel,forinstance.iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishasalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.　　Newspaper?　　Aftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualadrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually,iimincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryinionciues.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.　　Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger.moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthrough48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemassageout.Newspapersareofenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreader.　　Radio　　AdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrowRadioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(广告牌)andiheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepealtheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturning10radioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.　　Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthe　　localstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.　　Magazines　　Newsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket,magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous,ifyounreadsportsillustrated,forexample,youhavemuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.　　Advertiserusingtheprintmedia-magazinesandnewspapers-willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theinternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers,thesesecond.Advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.　　Out-of-homeadvertising　　Out-of-homeadvertising.Alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective,technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.　　Usingdigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausethey.　　Canchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.　　Internet　　Asconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarketAsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersIstocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.　　Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations'advertisinginthenearftuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheonlinemediumaswell.　　Directmail　　Afinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient'smessageDirectmailincludesnewsletters.postcardsandspecialpromotions.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses.directmailisthemosteffectivefromofadvertising.　　1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat_____________.　　A)ithaslargeaudiences　　B)itappealstohousewives　　C)ithelpsbuildupacompany'sreputation　　D)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers　　2.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels_________.　　A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreased　　B)thenuiflberofTVviewershasincreased　　C)advertisers'interestinothermediahasdecreased　　D)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased　　3.Comparedwithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium_________________.n　　A)earnalargerannualadrevenue　　B)conveymoredetailedmessages　　C)usemoreproductiontechniques　　D)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively　　4.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause___________.　　A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetup　　B)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertaining　　C)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumers　　D)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio.　　5.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto___________.　　A)reachtargetaudiences　　B)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)appealtoeducatedpeople.　　D)conveyallkindsofmessages　　6.Oui-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause_______　　A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohours　　B)consumerstravelmorenoweverbefore　　C)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractive　　D)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays　　7.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare___________.　　A)quicktoupdate　　B)pleasanttolookat　　C)easytoremember　　D)convenienttoaccess　　8.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe_____________　　9.Directmailisaneffecitiveformofadvertisingforbusinessestodevelop_________________________　　10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect________________foradvertisements.　　注意：收答题卡一作文和快速阅读部分(9：45-10：00)　　三.听力部分(10：00-10：35)　　SectionA　　11.A)Givehisankleagoodrest.　B)Treathisinjuryimmediately.　　C)Continuehisregularactivities.　D)Becarefulwhenclimbingsteps.　　12.A)Onatrain.　B)Onaplane.　　C)Inatheater.　　D)Inarestaurant.　　13.A)Atragicaccident.　　B)Afadoccasion　　C)Smith'sunusuallifestory.　　D)Smith'ssleepingproblem.　　14.A)Reviewthedetailsofallherlessons.　　B)Comparenoteswithhisclassmates.　　C)Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems.D)Focusonthemainpointsofherlectures.　　15.A)Themanblamedthewomanforbeingcareless.　　B)Themanmisunderstoodthewoman'sapology.　　C)Thewomanofferedtopayfortheman'scoffee.　　D)Thewomanspiltcoffeeontheman'sjacket.　　16.A)Extremelytedious.　　B)Hardtounderstand.　　C)Lackingagootplot.　　D)Notworthseeingtwice.　　17.A)Attendingeverylecture.　　B)Doinglostsofhomework.　　C)Readingveryextensively.　　D)Usingtest-takingstrategies.　　18.A)ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms.n　　B)Heiseagertoseewhatthenewsystemislike.　　C)Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels.　　D)ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter.　　Question19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　19.a)anoticebytheelectricityboard.　　b)adspromotingelectricappliances.　　c)thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.　　d)anewpolicyonpensioners'welfare.　　20.a)speakingwithaproperaccent.　　b)wearinganofficialuniform.　　c)makingfriendswiththem　　d)showingthemhisID.　　21.a)tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed.　　b)nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome.　　c)nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.　　d)towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard.　　22.a)shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot.　　b)allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared.　　c)thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.　　d)shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice.　　Question23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　23.a)marketingconsultancy.　　b)Professionalaccountancy.　　c)luxuryhotelmanagement.　　d)businessconferenceorganization　　24.a)havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms.　b)knowingsomekeypeopleintourism.　　c)havingbeentothecountrybefore.　　d)beingabletospeakjapanese.　　25.a)itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay.　b)itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.　　c)itwillenablehertoimproveherCinese.d)itwillgivehermorechancestovisitJapan.　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　Question26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.a)Thelackoftime　　b)Thequalityoflife.　　c)Thefrustrationsatwork.　　d)Thepressureonworkingfamilies.　　27.a)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.　　b)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.　　c)Theydidn'tcomplainasmuchasmodernman.　　d)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering.　　28.a)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees.　　b)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts.　　c)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints.　　d)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.　　PassageTwo　　Question29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.a)familyviolence.　b)hischildren'sefforts.　　c)herfather'sdisloyalty.　d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence.　　30.a)hisadvancedage.　b)hischildren'sefforts.　　c)hisimprovedfinancialcondition.　d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence.n　　31.a)loveisblind.　b)lovebreedslove.　　c)divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences.　　d)happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies.　　PassageThree　　Question32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.a)itwaslocatedinapark　　b)itsownerdiedofaheartattack　　c)itwentbankruptallofsudden.　　d)itspottedplantswereforleaseonly.　　33.a)plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse　　b)writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper　　c)puttingupagoingoutofbusinesssign　　d)helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases　　34.a)openinganoffiveinthenewofficepark　　b)keepingbetterrelationswithhercompany　　c)developingfreshbusinessopportunities　　d)buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown　　35.a)owningthegreenhouseoneday　　b)securingajobattheofficepark　　c)cultivatingmorepottedplants.　　d)findingcustomersoutoftown　　SectionC　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　We'renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)___,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)____inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)____rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow'swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)___enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)____inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,(41)___anddata.　　Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)____,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation.(43)____,threeoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)____.　　Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)____.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine-fivejobs.lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.(46)____,anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.　　四.阅读词汇部分选词阅读及完型(10：35-11：25)　　选词填空　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　SomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly-47-toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas-48-toalittlecollegeFrench.　　Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,-49-unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup-50-anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable-51-Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughnmymind:youcan’tlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.　　Thereweresomebad-52-.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince.Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces.Withoutguidesoreven-53-bookings.ConfidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.　　Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition–54-.buteachtimeyoutrysomething.Youlearn.Andasthelearningpliesup.Theworldopenstoyou.　　I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineriverina–55-.AndIknowI’llgotodoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan-56-wonders.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　A.complishI.manufacture　　B.advancedJ.moments　　C.balloonK.news　　D.claimL.reduced　　E.constantlyM.regret　　F.declareN.scary　　G.interviewsO.totally　　H.limited　　PassageOne　　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.　　A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs-wecan'tdomuchaboutit.　　From2003to2050,theworld'spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billonto9.1billion,a42%increase.ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremaintesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat'stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconmicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresent　　Povertyandfreezeeveryoneelse'slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethendoubleby2050.　　Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're"doingsomething"ConsidertheKyotoProtoco(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn'treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.　　Thepracticalcodusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.　　Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblewhenit'snreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.　　57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?　　A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.　　B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.　　C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.　　58.Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisA1Gore'sviewonglobalwarming?　　A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.　　B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.　　C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.　　D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.　　59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof___.　　A)economicgrowth　　B)wastefuluseofenergyC)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology　　60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,____.　　A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation　　B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse　　C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming　　D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvoronmentalproblems　　61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?　　A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.　　B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.　　C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.　　D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.　　PassageTwo　　Question62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Somedayasirangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsiteyou'vevisited，Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.　　Infact,it'slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen-the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.　　Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret.　　Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?　　FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis"no."　　WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis"slippingaway,andthatbothersme."n　　Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcauistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocailSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠卷)。　　Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimes.It'slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit.　　62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked"(Lines3-4,Para.2)?　　A)People'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.　　B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers'secrets.　　C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.　　D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.　　63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?　　A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.　　B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.　　C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.　　D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.　　64.Whydoestheauthorsay"weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret"(Line5,para.3)　　A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.　　B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.　　C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers'affairs.　　D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities.　　65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?　　A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.　　B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.　　C)Theyrelymostandmoreonelectronicdevices.　　D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.　　66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat___.　　A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit.　　B)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood　　C)isissomethingthatcaneasilybelost　　D)peopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseit　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed-67-extendingman'sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions-68-fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein-69-andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdono-70-thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe-71-researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.-72-mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis-73-tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin-74-withthelastestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.　　Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto-75-theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen-76-.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe-77-one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen-78-judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,theyn-79-studentstomeetotherswithdiffering-80-andtoreadwidelyto-81-theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.-82-asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown-83-.Heshouldbepreparedto-84-sacrificestostudyhischosen-85-indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome-86-contributiontoman'sknowledge.　　67.A)atB)byC)toD)in　　68.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies　　69.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor　　70.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare　　71.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast　　72.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For　　73.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional　　74.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp　　75.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure　　76.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference　　77.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only　　78.A)withB)underC)onD)through　　79.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate　　80.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities　　81.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify　　82.A)AmidB)OverC)AfterD)Upon　　83.A)objectB)effectC)courseD)sake　　84.A)takeB)sufferC)makeD)pay　　85.A)fieldB)targetC)scopeD)goal　　86.A)radicalB)meaningfulC)truthfulD)initial　　五.翻译部分(11：25-11：30)　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch_________.(能应用于新技术的开发)　　88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Something__________(一定出了毛病)withitsoperatingsystem.　　89.Leavingone’sjob,_____________(无论是什么工作),isadifficultchange,　　evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.　　90._________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.　　91._________(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.n答案　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D/B7.C　　8.quitehomogeneous9.relationshipswithconsumers10.media　　PartIIIListeningComprehension　　11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D21.C22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.B32.B　　33.C34.C35.A　　36.labor37.ingredients38.vital39.individuals40.engage41.figures42.generating　　43.Currently　　44.willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.　　45.toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.　　46.Don'texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath,n　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)　　47.D48.H49.O50.G51.K52.J53.B54.N55.C56.A57.D58.C59.A60.B61.B62.A63.C64.B65.D66.D　　PartVCloze　　67.A68.D69.B70.B71.D72.C73.B74.C75.A76.B77.D78.A79.C80.C81.A82.B83.D84.B85.A86.C　　PartVITranslation　　87.能应用于新技术的开发canbeappliedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnology　　88.一定出了毛病Theremustbesomethingwrong/theremustbesomeerrors/problems　　89.不管是什么工作nomatterwhatkinditis/whateveritis　　90.与我成长的地方相比ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup　　91.直到他完成使命Notuntilhehadaccomplishedthetask2007年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Whatelectivestochoose1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例……PartⅡRadingcomprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepasssagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.UniveraitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalncompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomeMoreself-consciousyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.nForallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.MostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationalEconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1．Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshavebecomeA．moreandmoreresearch-orientedB．in-servicetrainingorganizationsC．morepopularizedthaneverbeforeD．apowerfulforceforglobalintegration2．Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedA．by2.5millionB．by800,000C．atanannualrateof3.9percentD．atanannualrateof8percent3．IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A．10%B．20%C．30%D．38%4．HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A．TheyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomyB．TheyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpoliticsC．TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogramD．Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship5．Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationisA．Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchnB．Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsC．Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsD．Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld6．WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A．IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvardB．ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompanyC．ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversityD．ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup7．WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?A．Ithasincreasedby3percentB．IthasbeenunsteadyforyearsC．IthasbeenmorethansufficientD．Itdoubledbetween1998and20038．ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.SafterSeptember11wascausedby9．ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill10．ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayandPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirection:Inhissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.C)ShewassomewhatoverweightB)Shewaspopularamongboys.D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.12.A)Atheairport.C)Inabookingoffice.B)Inarestaurant.D)Atthehotelreception.13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.14.A)Haveashortbreak.C)Continueherworkoutdoors.B)Taketwoweeksoff.D)Goonvacationwiththeman.15.A)Heistakingcareofthistwinbrother.C)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.C)Hehabeenfeelingillallweek.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.16.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.D)ShebroughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.17.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.B)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.C)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.n18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.C)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhaveheard.19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.B)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.C)Sheidgoingtogetittheairport.D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.20)A)Itendsinwinter.B)Itwillcostheralot.C)Itwilllastoneweek.D)Itdependsontheweather.21.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.B)Theremightbeatrafficjam.C)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.D)Thereisalotofstufftopack.22.A)Athome.B)Intheman’scar.C)Attheairport.D)Bythesideofataxi.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.24.A)Translator.B)Travelagent.C)Languageinstructor.D)Environmentengineer.25.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C)Devotionandworkefficiency.D)Educationandexperience.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassage.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestions.,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26．A）Theycarealotaboutchildren.B）Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C）Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D）Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.27.A.Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.B.Theirbirthinfromationisusuallykeptsecret.C.Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.D.Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.28.A.Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.B.Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.C.Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.D.Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.29.A.Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.B.Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.C.Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.D.Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A.Hesufferedfrommentalillness.nB.HeboughtThewashingonpost.C.Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D.Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.31.A.ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.B.ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.C.Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.D.Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.32.A.Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.B.KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.C.AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.D.Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A.It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.B.It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltheatment.C.It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.D.It’llpreentthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.34．A）Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.B）Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.C）Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.D）Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.35．A）Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.B）Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.C）Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.D）Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Moreandmoreoftheword’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis（36）.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries（37）twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.They（38）sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery（39）signsoftroubleinthe（40）ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe（41）ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe（42）workinginfactories.Now,however,the（43）isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:（44）.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;（45）.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.（46）nagrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection．Thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,Childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforpeacemakerswasevennominated(提名)ortheNobelpeaceprizein1998.Groupsofchildren49ispeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsanpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownaTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstaringaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassanonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsanideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)actingI)informationB)assumingJ)offersC)comprehensiveK)projectsD)cooperativeL)respectivelyE)entireM)roleF)especiallyN)technologyG)forwardO)victimsH)imagesSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.nPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonfollowingpassage.Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’t.Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructionspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearyformtheschoolsperspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots,Andthere’sevindencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,won’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C)ItboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampusD)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58．Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby_____A)AconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsB)Thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgroundsC)Aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)tthecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan_____A)EarntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffortB)SaveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesC)SelectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)Workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.nB)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof_____A)buildinguptheirreputationC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesD)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyes.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation（启示）camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously（自由地）toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirsttradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfistmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIkonwverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting（借用）mydaughter’sexperence.Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivites.B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?A)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.n64.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.65.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheiropinions.PartVCloze（15minutes）Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B）,C）andD）ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined67atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied68anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70tospecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.71onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin72thesamewayascanourreactionstothe73ofourfriends—whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendstoinfluenceuspositively,74whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea75impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera76moodstatetendtoreacttostimulate（刺激因素）inadirection77withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee78inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa79mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate,80moodstatesappearcapableof81aconsumer’smeomory.Moodsappeartobe82influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and83ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe84oftimespentinsupermarketsor85topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodswhich,in86,arecapableofinfluencingconsumers’reactionstoproducts.67．A）asB）aboutC）byD）with68．A）overB）underC）toD）up69．A）derivedB）descendedC）dividedD）distinguished70．A）relatedB）referredC）attachedD）associated71A）OnB）OfC）InD）By72．A）thusB）muchC）evenD）still73．A）signalB）gestureC）viewD）behavior74．A）forB）butC）unlessD）provided75．A）relativeB）decisiveC）negativeD）sensitive76．A）givenB）grantedC）fixedD）driven77．A）resistantB）persistentC）insistentD）consistent78．A）consumerB）businessmenC）retailersD）manufacturers79．A）casualB）criticalD）favorableC）serious80．A）HoweverB）OtherwiseC）MoreoverD）Neverthelessn81.A)liftingB)enhancingC)raisingD)cultivating82.A)readilyC)cautiouslyB)rarelyD)currently83.A)stepB)speedC)bandD)volume84.A)extentB)amountC)scopeD)range85.A)facilitiesB)capacitiesC)reflectionsD)intensions86.A)turnB)totalC)detailD)depthPartVI　Translation　(5minutes)Directions:CmpletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.________________（多亏了一系列的新发明）,doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_________________(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,____________________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause__________（它更加方便和省时）.91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife____________________（是用他们能够借到多少衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.2007年12月四级参考答案　　1.B.inservicetrainingorganizations　　2.C.atanannualrateof3.9percent　　3.B.20%　　4.D.Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship　　5.A.YalescollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch　　6.C.ItisintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.　　7.B.Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.　　8.changesinthevisaprocess　　9.taketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome　　10.strengthenthenation　　听力　　11.C)Shewassomewhatoverweight　　12.D)Atahotelreception　　13.B)Havingconfidenceinherson　　14.A)Haveashortbreak15.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition16.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse　　17.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman　　18.C)Themandoesntlooklikeasportsman　　19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.　　20.C)Itwilllastoneweek.　　21.B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.n　　22.A)Athome.　　23.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.　　24.A)Translator.　　25.D)Educationandexperience.　　26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren.　27.B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.　　28.C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.　　29.D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.　　30.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.　　31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.Spublishingcompany.　　32.D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.　　33.C)Itllprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.　　34.A)Theycantimmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.　　35.B)Theyneedntpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.　36.alarming.37.increased38.sheer　　39.disturbing　　40.comparison　　41.proportion　　42.workforce　　43.reverse　　44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.　　45.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals.　　46.Sothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment　　阅读　　47.K.projects　　48.M.role　　49.A.acting　　50.J.offers　　51.D.cooperative　　52.G.forward　　53.F.especially　　54.I.information　55.O.victims　56.E.entire.　　57.A.Allitscoursesareofferedonline.　　58.C.aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction.　　59.D.workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever.　　60.C.Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.　　61.B.cuttingdownontheirexpenses.　　62.A.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.　　63.B.Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.　　64.C.Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.　　65.C.shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamofbecomingawriter.　　66.B.Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.　　完型　　67.Aas　　68.Cto69.Ddistinguished　　70.Arelated　　71.CIn　　72.Bmuch　　73.Dbehavior　　74.Bbut　　75.Cnegative　　76.Agiven　77.Dconsistent　　78.Aconsumers　　79.Dfavorable　　80.CMoreover　　81.Benhancing　　82.Areadily　　83.Dvolume　　84.Bamount85.Dintentions86.Aturnn2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:　　Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofWelcometoourclub.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。标题：Welcometoourclub书写提纲：1.　　表达你的欢迎；2.　　对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:　　Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)　　ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;nN(forNO)　　ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)　　iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnlineIdentitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.Thenumbersassociatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneralAccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas750,000Americansarevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow,asmanypeoplechoosenottoreportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.Identitytheftis“anabsoluteepidemic,”statesRobertEllisSmith,arespectedauthorandadvocateofprivacy.“It’scertainlypickedupinthelastfourorfiveyears.It’sworldwide.Itaffectseverybody,andthere’sverylittleyoucandotopreventitand,worstofall,youcan’tdetectituntilit’sprobablytoolate.”Unlikeyourfingerprints,whichareuniquetoyouandcannotbegiventosomeoneelsefortheiruse,youpersonaldata,especiallyyoursocialsecuritynumber,yourbankaccountorcreditcardnumber,yourtelephonecallingcardnumber,andothervaluableidentifyingdata,canbeused,iftheyfallintothewronghands,topersonallyprofitatyourexpense.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,manypeoplehavereportedthatunauthorizedpersonshavetakenfundsoutoftheirbankorfinancialaccounts,or,intheworstcases,takenovertheiridentitiesaltogether,runningupvastdebtsandcommittingcrimeswhileusingthevictims’names.Inmanycases,avictim’slossesmayincludednotonlyout-of-pocketfinanciallosses,butsubstantialadditionalfinancialcostsassociatedwithtryingtorestorehisreputationinthecommunityandcorrectingerroneousinformationforwhichthecriminalisresponsible.AccordingtotheFBI,identitytheftisthenumberonefraudcommittedontheInternet.Sohowdojobseekersprotectthemselveswhilecontinuingtocirculatetheirresumesonline?Thekeytoasuccessfulonlinejobsearchislearningtomanagertherisks.HerearesometipsforstayingsafewhileconductingajobsearchontheInternet.1.Checkforaprivacypolicy.Ifyouareconsideringpostingyourresumeonline,makesurethejobsearchsiteyourareconsideringhasaprivacypolicy,likeCareerBuilder.com.Thepolicyshouldspellouthowyourinformationwillbeused,storedandwhetherornotitwillbeshared.Youmaywanttothinktwiceaboutpostingyourresumeonasitethatautomaticallysharesyourinformationwithothers.Youcouldbeopeningyourselfuptounwantedcallsfromsolicitors(推销员).Whenreviewingthesite’sprivacypolicy,you’llbeabletodeleteyourresumejustaseasilyasyoupostedit.Youwon’tnecessarilywantyourresumetoremainoutthereontheInternetonceyoulandajob.Remember,thelongeryourresumeremainspostedonajobboard,themoreexposure,bothpositiveandnot-so-positive,itwillreceive.2.Takeadvantageofsitefeatures.Lawfuljobsearchsitesofferlevelsofprivacyprotection.Beforepostingyourresume,carefullyconsideryourjobsearchobjectiveandthelevelofriskyouarewillingtoassume.CareerBuilder.com,forexample,offersthreelevelsofprivacyfromwhichjobseekerscanchoose.Thefirstisstandardposting.Thisoptiongivesjobseekerswhoposttheirresumesthenmostvisibilitytothebroadestemployeraudiencepossible.Thesecondisanonymous(匿名的)posting.Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.Jobseekerswhowishtoremainanonymousbutwanttosharesomeotherinformationmaychoosewhichpiecesofcontactinformationtodisplay.Thethirdisprivateposting.Thisoptionallowsajobseekertopostaresumewithouthavingitsearchedbyemployers.PrivatepostingallowsjobseekerstoquicklyandeasilyapplyforjobsthatappearonCareerBuilder.comwithoutretypingtheirinformation.3.Safeguardyouridentity.CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.Replaceyournameonyourresumewithageneric(泛指的)identifier,suchas“IntranetDeveloperCandidate,”or“ExperiencedMarketingRepresentative.”Youshouldalsoconsidereliminatingthenameandlocationofyourcurrentemployer.Dependingonyourtitle,itmaynotbeallthatdifficulttodeterminewhoyouareoncethenameofyourcompanyisprovided.Useageneraldescriptionofthecompanysuchas“Majorautomanufacturer,”or“Internationalpackagedgoodssupplier.”Ifyourjobtitleisunique,considerusingthegenericequivalentinsteadoftheexacttitleassignedbyyouremployer.4.Establishandemailaddressforyoursearch.Anotherwaytoprotectyourprivacywhileseekingemploymentonlineistoopenupanemailaccountspecificallyforyouronlinejobsearch.Thiswillsafeguardyourexistingemailboxintheeventsomeoneyoudon’tknowgetsholdofyouremailaddressandsharesitwithothers.Usinganemailaddressspecificallyforyoujobsearchalsoeliminatesthepossibilitythatyouwillreceiveunwelcomeemailsinyourprimarymailbox.Whennamingyournewemailaddress,besurethatitdoesn’tcontainreferencestoyournameorotherinformationthatwillgiveawayyouridentity.Thebestsolutionisanemailaddressthatisrelevanttothejobyouareseekingsuchassalesmgr2004@provider.com.5.Protectyourreference.Ifyourresumecontainsasectionwiththenamesandcontactinformationofyourreferences,takeitout.There’snosenseinsafeguardingyourinformationwhilesharingprivatecontactinformationofyourreferences.6.Keepconfidential(机密的)informationconfidential.Donot,underanycircumstances,shareyoursocialsecurity,driver’slicense,andbankaccountnumbersorotherpersonalinformation,suchasraceoreyecolor.Honestemployersdonotneedthisinformationwithaninitialapplication.Don’tprovidethiseveniftheysaytheyneeditinordertoconductabackgroundcheck.Thisisoneoftheoldesttricksinthebook–don’tfallforit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims’immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.3.Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.n4.Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.5.OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBuilder.cominSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyrecommended.6.Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.7.Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.8.Usingaspecialemailaddressinthejobsearchcanhelppreventyourfromreceiving________.9.　　Toprotectyourreferences,youshouldnotpostonlinetheir________.10.　　Accordingtothepassage,identitytheftiscommittedtypicallyfor________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11.　　A)Itcouldhelppeopleofallagestoavoidcancer.B)Itwasmainlymeantforcancerpatients.C)Itmightappealmoretoviewersover40.D)Itwasfrequentlyinterruptedbycommercials.12.　　A)Themanisfondoftraveling.B)Thewomanisaphotographer.C)Thewomantookalotofpicturesatthecontest.D)Themanadmiresthewoman’stalentinwriting.13.　　A)Themanregretsbeingabsent-minded.B)Thewomansavedthemansometrouble.C)Themanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.D)Thewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.14.　　A)HequitteachinginJune.B)Hehasleftthearmyrecently.C)Heopenedarestaurantneartheschool.D)Hehastakenoverhisbrother’sbusiness.15.　　A)Sheseldomreadsbooksfromcovertocover.B)Sheisinterestedinreadingnovels.C)Shereadonlypartofthebook.D)Shewaseagertoknowwhatthebookwasabout.16.　　A)Shewasabsentallweekowingtosickness.B)Shewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.C)Shecalledtosaythatherhusbandhadbeenhospitalized.D)Shehadtobeawayfromschooltoattendtoherhusband.17.　　A)ThespeakerswanttorenttheSmiths’oldhouse.B)ThemanlivestwoblocksawayfromtheSmiths.nC)Thewomanisnotsureifsheisontherightstreet.D)TheSmiths’newhouseisnotfarfromtheiroldone.18.　　A)Themanhadahardtimefindingaparkingspace.B)Thewomanfoundtheyhadgottothewrongspot.C)Thewomanwasoffendedbytheman’slatearrival.D)Themancouldn’tfindhiscarintheparkinglot.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.　　A)Thehotelclerkhadputhisreservationunderanothername.B)Thehotelclerkinsistedthathedidn’tmakeanyreservation.C)Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.D)Thehotelclerkcouldn’tfindhisreservationforthatnight.20.　　A)Agrandweddingwasbeingheldinthehotel.B)Therewasaconferencegoingoninthecity.C)Thehotelwasundergoingmajorrepairs.D)Itwasabusyseasonforholiday-makers.21.　　A)Itwasfreeofchargeonweekends.B)Ithada15%discountonweekdays.C)Itwasofferedtofrequentguestsonly.D)Itwas10%cheaperthaninotherhotels.22.　　A)Demandcompensationfromthehotel.B)Askforanadditionaldiscount.C)Complaintothehotelmanager.D)Findacheaperroominanotherhotel.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.　　A)AnemployeeinthecitycouncilatBirmingham.B)AssistantDirectoroftheAdmissionsOffice.C)HeadoftheOverseasStudentsOffice.D)SecretaryofBirminghamMedicalSchool.24.　　A)Nearlyfiftypercentareforeigners.B)AboutfifteenpercentarefromAfrica.C)AlargemajorityarefromLatinAmerica.D)AsmallnumberarefromtheFarEast.25.　　A)Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B)Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.C)ShewillbemoreinvolvedIpolicy-making.D)Itwillbelessdemandingthanherpresentjob.SectionBDirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.n26.　　A)Herparentsthrivedintheurbanenvironment.B)HerparentsleftChicagotoworkonafarm.C)Herparentsimmigrated　toAmerica.D)Herparentssetupanice-creamstore.27.　　A)HetaughtEnglishinChicago.B)Hewascrippledinacaraccident.C)Heworkedtobecomeanexecutive.D)Hewasbornwithalimp.28.　　A)Shewasfondoflivinganisolatedlife.B)ShewasfascinatedbyAmericanculture.C)Shewasverygenerousinofferinghelp.D)Shewashighlydevotedtoherfamily.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.　　A)Hesufferedanervousbreakdown.B)Hewaswronglydiagnosed.C)Hewasseriouslyinjured.D)Hedevelopedastrangedisease.30.　　A)Hewasabletotalkagain.B)Heracedtothenursinghome.C)Hecouldtellredandblueapart.D)Hecouldnotrecognizehiswife.31.　　A)Twenty-ninedays.B)Twoandahalfmonths.C)Severalminutes.D)Fourteenhours.32.　　A)Theywelcomedthepublicityinthemedia.B)Theavoidedappearingontelevision.C)Theyreleasedavideoofhisprogress.D)Theydeclinedtogivedetailsofhiscondition.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.　　A)Forpeopletoshareideasandshowfarmproducts.B)Forofficialstoeducatethefarmingcommunity.C)Forfarmerstoexchangetheirdailynecessities.D)Forfarmerstocelebratetheirharvests.34.　　A)Bybringingananimalrarelyseenonnearbyfarms.B)Bybringingabagofgraininexchangeforaticket.C)Byofferingtodo　volunteerworkatthefair.D)Byperformingaspecialskillattheentrance.35.　　A)TheycontributetothemodernizationofAmericanfarms.B)Theyhelptoincreasethestategovernments’revenue.C)Theyprovideastageforpeopletogiveperformances.D)TheyremindAmericansoftheimportanceofagriculture.SectionCDirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritendownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Students’pressuresometimescomesfromtheirparents.Mostparentsarewell(36)________,butsomeofthemaren’tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(37)________tocollege,andafewofthemseemtogooutoftheirwaytoaddtotheirchildren’sdifficulties.Foronething,parentsareoftennot(38)________ofthekindsofproblemstheirchildrenface.Theydon’trealizethatthe(39)________iskeener,thattherequired(40)________ofworkarehigher,andthattheirchildrenmaynotbepreparedforthechange.(41)________toseeingA’sandB’sonhighschoolreportcards,theymaybeupsetwhentheirchildren’sfirst(42)________collegegradesarebelowthatlevel.Attheirkindest,theymaygently(43)________whyJohnorMaryisn’tdoingbetter,whetherheorsheistryingashardasheorsheshould,andsoon.(44)________________________________.Sometimesparentsregardtheirchildrenasextensionsofthemselvesand(45)________________________________.Intheirinvolvementandidentificationwiththeirchildren,theyforgetthateveryoneisdifferentandthateachpersonmustdevelopinhisorherownway.Theyforgetthattheirchildren,(46)________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:　　Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients__47__ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain__48__.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein__49__aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic(慢性的)paincandisrupt(扰乱)aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat__50__frommissedworktodepression.That’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho__51__inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial__52__relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften__53__theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatrists(心理医生)andpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.Thismodern__54__forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya__55__numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused__56__sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.A)　　result　　I)　　determiningnB)　　involves　　J)　　limitedC)　　significant　　K)　　gravelyD)　　range　　L)　　complainedE)　　relieved　　M)　　respectF)　　issues　　N)　　promptingG)　　seriously　　O)　　specializeH)　　magnificent　　SectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeand　thefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.　　Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________.A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcriticalB)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportantC)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD)onecannotusethematthesametime58.　　Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.A)puttingtheirideasinrawformB)attemptingtoeditastheywriteC)ignoringgrammaticalsoundnessD)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts59.　　Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?nA)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic.C)Togetone’sideasdown.D)Tocollectrawmaterials.60.　　Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________.A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwardsC)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly61.　　Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.PassageTwoIdon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,it　didnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.62.　　Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain?A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.63.　　FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________.A)theveryfactthatsheisawomanB)herinvolvementingenderpoliticsC)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicistD)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsocietyn64.　　WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.65.　　Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.66.　　Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:　　Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。AnearthquakehitKashmironOct.8,2005.ittooksome75,000lives,__67__130,000andleftnearly3.5millionwithoutfood,jobsorhomes.__68__overnight,scoresoftentvillagesbloomed__69__theregion,tendedbyinternationalaidorganizations,military__70__andaidgroupsworkingdayandnighttoshelterthesurvivorsbeforewinterset__71__.Mercifully,theseasonwasmild.Butwiththe__72__ofspringtherefugeeswillbemovedagain.Campsthat__73__healthcare,foodandshelterfor150,000survivorshavebeguntocloseastheywere__74__intendedtobepermanent.Formostoftherefugees,thethoughtofgoingbackbrings__75__emotions.Thepastsixmonthshavebeendifficult.Familiesof__76__manyas10peoplehavehadtoshelter__77__asingletentandsharecookstovesandbathing__78__withneighbors.“Theyarelookingforwardtothecleanwateroftheirrivers,”officialssay.“Theyare__79__offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstart__80__again.”Butmostwillbereturningto__81__butheapsofruins.Inmanyvillages,electrical__82__havenotbeenrepaired,norhaveroads.Aidworkers__83__thatitwilltakeyearstorebuildwhattheearthquaketook__84__.Andforthethousandsofsurvivors,the__85__willneverbecomplete.Yetthesurvivorshavetostartsomewhere.Newhomescanbebuilt__86__thestones,bricksandbeamsofoldones.Springiscominganditisagoodtimetostartagain.67.　　A)injuredB)ruinedC)destroyedD)damaged68.　　A)AltogetherB)AlmostC)ScarcelyD)Surely69.　　A)amongB)aboveC)amidD)across70.　　A)ranksB)equipmentC)personnelD)installations71.　　A)outB)inC)onD)forthn72.　　A)fallingB)emergenceC)arrivalD)appearing73.　　A)strengthenedB)aidedC)transferredD)provided74.　　A)neverB)onceC)everD)yet75.　　A)puzzledB)contrastedC)doubledD)mixed76.　　A)likeB)asC)soD)too77.　　A)byB)belowC)underD)with78.　　A)facilitiesB)instrumentsC)implementsD)appliances79.　　A)seekingB)dreamingC)longingD)searching80.　　A)producingB)cultivatingC)farmingD)nourishing81.　　A)anythingB)somethingC)everythingD)nothing82.　　A)linesB)channelsC)pathsD)currents83.　　A)accountB)measureC)estimateD)evaluate84.　　A)asideB)awayC)upD)out85.　　A)reservationB)retreatC)replacementD)recovery86.　　A)fromB)throughC)uponD)ontoPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.　　Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto________________________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88.　　ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis________________________(我们可以合作的领域).89.　　Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete　　________________________(决定退出比赛).90.　　Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please　　________________________(按以下地址和我们联系).91.　　Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning　　________________________(如果你方便的话).2007年6月23日四级参考答案PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.　　Y2.　　Y3.　　N.4.　　Y.5.　　NG6.　　N7.　　Y8.　　unwelcomeemails9.　　namesandcontactinformation10.　　economicgainPartIIIListeningComprehension11.　　C　　12.　　D　　13.　　B　　14.　　A　　15.　　C16.　　D　　17.　　D　　18.　　A　　19.　　C　　20.　　B21.　　A　　22.　　C　　23.　　B　　24.　　A　　25.　　C26.　　C　　27.　　B　　28.　　D　　29.　　C　　30.　　A31.　　B　　32.　　D　　33.　　A　　34.　　B　　35.　　D36.　　meaning37.　　adjusting38.　　aware39.　　competition40.　　standards41.　　accustomed42.　　semester43.　　inquire44.　　attheirworst,theymaythreatentotaketheirchildrenoutofcollegeorcutofffunds45.　　thinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirnlives46.　　whoarenowyoungadultsmust,betheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyare15.10PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)47.　　L　　48.　　G　　49.　　I　　50.　　D51.　　O　　52.　　F　　53.　　B　　54.　　M　　55.　　J56.　　C　　　　　　　　57.　　D　　58.　　B　　59.　　C　　60.　　B61.　　A　　62.　　B　　63.　　A　　64.　　C　　65.　　D66.　　C　　　　　　　　PartVCloze67.　　A　　68.　　B　　69.　　D　　70.　　C71.　　B　　72.　　C　　73.　　D　　74.　　A　　75.　　D76.　　B　　77.　　C　　78.　　A　　79.　　B　　80.　　C81.　　D　　82.　　A　　83.　　C　　84.　　B　　85.　　D86.　　A　　　　　　　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)87.　　takepeople’ssleepqualityintoaccount88.　　thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate89.　　decidedtoquitthematch90.　　contactusatthefollowingaddress91.　　ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience2006年12月23日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:　　Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.　　许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会2.　　但有些人提出取消春节晚会3.　　我的看法PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:　　Inthispart,youwillhave15minutetogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)　　ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;nN(forNO)　　ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)　　iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted,”peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou’reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It’semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosay,lifesometimesseemsdesignedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wehavefamilyobligations.Weencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.Evenasachild,Iobservedpeoplewhowerepoor,ordisabled,orill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbody,wrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbedtowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan’tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.Youmusttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.1.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat’snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It’slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon’tnoticeitatfirst,buteventuallyyou’llgetaflat.It’suptoyoutoplugtheleak—eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.That’swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline—agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.Here’sachallenge:Ifit’ssomethingyouwouldn’tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou’venevereaten.Listentomusicyou’dordinarilytuneout.You’lldiscoverthesesmallthingsaddtoyouremotionalenergy.2.Reclaimlife’smeaning.Somanyofmypatientstellmethattheirlivesusedtohavemeaning,butthatsomewherealongthelinethingswentstale.Thefirststepinsolvingthismeaningshortageistofigureoutwhatyoureallycareabout,andthendosomethingaboutit.AcaseinpointisIvy,57,apioneerininvestmentbanking.“ImistakenlybelievedthatallthemoneyImadewouldmeansomething,”shesays.“ButIfeellost,likea22-year-oldwonderingwhattodowithherlife.”Ivy’ssolution?ShestartedaprogramthatshowsWallStreetershowtodonatetimeandmoneytopoorchildren.Intheprocess,Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaning.n3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus,buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients.“Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithalittletenderlovingcare,”shesays.“It’sachallenge—andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun.”Wealldefinefundifferently,ofcourse,butIcanguaranteethis:Ifyouputjustabitofitintoyourday,youenergywillincreasequickly.4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.Everyone’spastisfilledwithregretsthatstillcausepain.Butfromanemotionalenergypointofview,theyaredeadweightsthatkeepusfrommovingforward.Whiletheycan’tmerelybewilledaway,Idorecommendyouremindyourselfthatwhateverhappenedisinthepast,andnothingcanchangethat.Holdingontothememoryonlyallowsthedamagetocontinueintothepresent.5.Makeupyourmind.Sayyou’vebeenthinkingaboutcuttingyourhairshort.Willitlookstylish—ortooextreme?Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.Everytimeyoucan’tdecide,youburdenyourselfwithalternatives.Quitthinkingthatyouhavetomaketherightdecision;instead,makeachoiceanddon’tlookback.6.Givetoget.Emotionalenergyhasakindofmagicalquality;themoreyougive,themoreyougetback.Thisisthedifferencebetweenemotionalandphysicalenergy.Withthelatter,youhavetogetittobeabletogiveit.Withtheformer,however,yougetitbygivingit.Startbyaskingeveryoneyoumeet,“Howareyou?”asifyoureallywanttoknow,thenlistentothereply.Betheonewhohears.Mostofusalsoneedtosmilemoreoften.Ifyoudon’tsmileatthepersonyoulovefirstthinginthemorning,you’resuckingenergyoutofyourrelationship.Finally,helpanotherperson—andmakethehelpreal,concrete.Giveamassage(按摩)tosomeoneyoulove,orcookherdinner.Then,expandthecircletowork.Tryaskingyourselfwhatyou’ddoifyourgoalweretobehelpfulratherthanefficient.Afterall,ifit’struethatwhatgoesaroundcomesaround,whynotmakesurethatwhat’scirculatingaroundyouisthegoodstuff?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.2.Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.3.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.4.Theauthorbelievesemotionalenergyisinheritedandgeneticallydetermined.5.Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.6.Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaningbylaunchingaprogramtohelppoorchildren.7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.8.Peopleholdingontosadmemoriesofthepastwillfinditdifficultto________.9.Whenitcomestodecision-making,oneshouldmakeaquickchoicewithout________.n10.Emotionalenergyisinawaydifferentfromphysicalenergyinthatthemoreyougive,________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Planhisbudgetcarefully.B)Givehermoreinformation.C)Asksomeoneelseforadvice.D)Buyagiftforhisgirlfriend.12.A)She’llhavesomechocolatecake.B)She’lltakealookatthemenu.C)She’llgowithoutdessert.D)She’llpreparethedinner.13.A)Themancanspeakaforeignlanguage.B)ThewomanhopestoimproveherEnglish.C)Thewomanknowsmanydifferentlanguages.D)Themanwishestovisitmanymorecountries.14.A)Gotothelibrary.B)Meetthewoman.C)SeeProfessorSmith.D)Haveadrinkinthebar.15.A)Sheisn’tsurewhenProfessorBloomwillbeback.B)Themanshouldn’tbelateforhisclass.C)Themancancomebacksometimelater.D)Shecanpassonthemessagefortheman.16.A)Hehasastrangepersonality.B)He’sgotemotionalproblems.C)Hisillnessisbeyondcure.D)Hisbehaviorishardtoexplain.17.A)Theticketsaremoreexpensivethanexpected.B)Theticketsaresoldinadvanceathalfprice.C)It’sdifficulttobuytheticketsonthespot.D)It’sbettertobuytheticketsbeforehand.18.A)Heturnedsuddenlyandranintoatree.B)Hewashitbyafallenboxfromatruck.C)Hedrovetoofastandcrashedintoatruck.D)Hewastryingtoovertakethetruckaheadofhim.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)TogoboatingontheSt.LawrenceRiver.B)TogosightseeinginQuebecProvince.C)TocallonafriendinQuebecCity.D)ToattendaweddinginMontreal.20.A)StudythemapofQuebecProvince.B)FindmoreaboutQuebecProvince.C)BrushuponherFrench.D)Learnmoreaboutthelocalcustoms.21.A)It’smostbeautifulinsummer.B)Ithasmanyhistoricalbuildings.C)Itwasgreatlyexpandedinthe18thcentury.D)It’stheonlyFrench-speakingcityinCanada.nQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itwasaboutalittleanimal.B)Ittookhersixyearstowrite.C)Itwasadaptedfromafairytale.D)Itwasaboutalittlegirlandherpet.23.A)Sheknowshowtowritebest-sellingnovels.B)Shecanearnalotofmoneybywritingforadults.C)Sheisabletowinenoughsupportfrompublishers.D)Shecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes.24.A)Thecharacters.B)Thereaders.C)Herideas.D)Herlifeexperiences.25.A)Shedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginated.B)Shemainlydrewonstoriesofancientsaints.C)Theypoppedoutofherchildhooddreams.D)Theygrewoutofherlonghoursofthinking.SectionBDirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne26.A)Monitorstudents’sleeppatterns.B)Helpstudentsconcentrateinclass.C)Recordstudents’weeklyperformance.D)Askstudentstocompleteasleepreport.27.A)Declininghealth.B)Lackofattention.C)Lossofmotivation.D)Improperbehavior.28.　　A)Theyshouldmakesuretheirchildrenarealwayspunctualforschool.B)Theyshouldensuretheirchildrengrowupinahealthyenvironment.C)Theyshouldhelptheirchildrenaccomplishhigh-qualitywork.D)Theyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatesleep.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Shestoppedbeingahomemaker.B)Shebecameafamouseducator.C)Shebecameapublicfigure.D)Shequitdrivingaltogether.30.A)Amotorist’sspeeding.B)Herrunningastopsign.C)Herlackofdrivingexperience.D)Amotorist’sfailuretoconcentrate.31.A)Nervousandunsureofherself.B)Calmandconfidentofherself.C)Courageousandforceful.D)Distractedandreluctant.32.A)Morestricttrainingofwomendrivers.B)Restrictionsoncellphoneusewhiledriving.C)Improvedtrafficconditionsincities.D)Newregulationstoensurechildren’ssafety.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Theyhaven’tdevotedasmuchenergytomedicineastospacetravel.B)Threearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify.C)Itisnoteconomicaltofindacureforeachtypeofcold.nD)Theybelievepeoplecanrecoverwithouttreatment.34.A)Theyrevealtheseriousnessoftheproblem.B)Theyindicatehowfastthevirusspreads.C)Theytelluswhatkindofmedicinetotake.D)Theyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus.35.A)Itactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.B)Itcausesdamagetosomeorgansofourbody.C)Itworksbetterwhencombinedwithotherremedies.D)Ithelpsustorecovermuchsooner.SectionCDirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Youprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentwaysdependingonthesituationtheyarein.Thisisvery(36)________.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsof(37)________:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisno(38)________.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouusea(39)________level.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,(40)________booksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishincompositionsand(41)________thatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwith(42)________,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwewrite(43)________notesorletterstoclosefriends.Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.(44)________________________________.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember“Closethedoor,please,”(45)________________________________.Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthevocabulary.(46)________________________________.Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriendImightsay“Iamjustcrazyaboutsoccer!”ButifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay“Ireallyenjoysoccer.”PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:　　Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone__47__bywomen—rangingfromfamilynshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing__48__work—stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a__49__thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing“povertyoftime”andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage__50__betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen__51__givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow__52__abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers__53__womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare__54__customers.It’sinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto__55__payattentiontowomencustomers.InJapan,fewerwomenhavejobsorbuycars—theJapanesesocietyisstillverymuchmale-oriented.Perhapsitwasthe__56__contrastwithJapanesesocietythatpromptedAmericanfirmstopaymoreattentiontowomenbuyers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)　　scale　　I)　　potentialB)　　retailed　　J)　　gapC)　　generate　　K)　　voluntaryD)　　extreme　　L)　　excessiveE)　　technically　　M)　　insultedF)　　affordable　　N)　　purchaseG)　　situation　　O)　　primarilyH)　　really　　SectionBDirections:　　Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’snAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.　　WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?A)Itisakindoficedwater.B)Itisjustplaintapwater.C)Itisakindofbottledwater.D)Itisakindofmineralwater.58.　　Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________.A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstasteD)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste59.　　The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiverB)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniD)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60.　　Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.61.　　Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine.B)Itisconsideredhealthier.C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.PassageTwoAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkneveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well,”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.62.　　Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabitsD)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being63.　　Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingillB)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmfulC)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfitD)preventionismoredifficultthancure64.　　Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________.A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC)isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD)isfreefromanykindofdisease65.　　Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeople________.A)tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneedsB)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealthC)tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealthD)tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure66.　　Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A)Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.B)Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C)Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.D)Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:　　Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.nLanguageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletely__67__fromallotheranimals.Languageisameansofcommunication,__68__itismuchmorethanthat.Manyanimalscan__69__.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthelocationofflowers__70__othermembersofthehive(蜂群).Buthumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything,__71__thingslikeunicorn(独角兽)thathaveneverexisted.Thekey__72__inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe__73__togetherindifferentways,accordingto__74__,tocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing__75__humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,__76__abouttheuniverse,themind,love,dreams,ororderingadrink.Itisanimmenselycomplex__77__thatwetakeforgranted.Indeed,wearenotawareofmost__78__ofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingto__79__.Thespeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto__80__language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetimefromthoughtstothe__81__ofspeechisextremelyfast,only0.04seconds!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto__82__outwhatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto__83__thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof__84__ofthewords(sentences),andfinally__85__themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.But__86__started,itisofcourseacontinuousprocess.67.　　A)apartB)offC)upD)down68.　　A)soB)butC)orD)for69.　　A)transferB)transmitC)conveyD)communicate70.　　A)toB)fromC)overD)on71.　　A)onlyB)almostC)evenD)just72.　　A)staysB)situatesC)hidesD)lies73.　　A)stuckB)strungC)rungD)consisted74.　　A)rulesB)scalesC)lawsD)standards75.　　A)combinesB)containsC)definesD)declares76.　　A)whatB)whetherC)whileD)if77.　　A)prospectB)progressC)processD)produce78.　　A)aspectsB)abstractsC)anglesD)assumptions79.　　A)anybodyB)anotherC)otherD)everybody80.　　A)bodyB)gestureC)writtenD)spoken81.　　A)growingB)fixingC)beginningD)building82.　　A)putB)takeC)drawD)figure83.　　A)identifyB)locateC)revealD)discover84.　　A)performanceB)organizationC)designD)layout85.　　A)prescribeB)justifyC)utterD)interpret86.　　A)sinceB)afterC)onceD)untilPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:　　CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto______(适应不同文化中的生活).88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89.Thevictim________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).n91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise________(以每年1200万人的速度).2006年12月23日新四级参考答案PartIWriting四级英语参考范文：TheapproachoftheChineseLunarNewYearposesanationalissueconcerningthenecessityofholdingtheCCTVSpringFestivalGala.Itsestablishedstatusisbeingchallengedbyagrowingnumberofpeople,especiallybyyoungergenerations.Itisincreasinglydifficulttocaterforalltastes.Someindividualsdeemthatitshouldbecanceledorreplacedbyotherprograms.TheseyoungpeoplefocustheirattentiononotherformsofcelebrationinsteadofimmersingthemselvesinTV.Despitethat,themajorityofmid-agedpeopleandseniorcitizensupholdtheimportanceofthetraditionalperformance.Themoststrikingfeatureofthisgalaisitstraditionallycloselinkwithordinarypeople’slives.MostofpeopleviewthisgalaasanannualstapleonthetraditionalnChineseSpringFestivalEve.Theyallhavearestlessnightandgluetheireyesonthetelevision.Iamnotsupportiveoftheviewthatthegrandgalashouldbeabandoned.Undoubtedly,itplaysavitalroleinthecelebrationofChineseNewYear.Toincreaseitsappealandmeetyoungadults’need,theupcomingperformanceshouldinvitesomebignamesincludingsuperstarsfromHongKongandTaiwan.Wearealleagerlyanticipatingthisunforgettableeveningshow.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.N2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.NG8.　　moveforward9.　　lookingback10.　　themoreyougetbackPartIIIListeningComprehension11.　　B　　12.　　C　　13.　　A　　14.　　C　　15.　　D16.　　B　　17.　　D　　18.　　A　　19.　　D　　20.　　C21.　　B　　22.　　A　　23.　　D　　24.　　B　　25.　　A26.　　C　　27.　　B　　28.　　D　　29.　　C　　30.　　D31.　　A　　32.　　B　　33.　　B　　34.　　D　　35.　　A36.natural37.usage38.exception39.particular40.reference41.essays42.colleagues43.personal44.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite45.buttoastranger,Iprobablywouldsay“wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?”46.Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)47.　　O　　48.　　K　　49.　　G　　50.　　J51.　　C　　52.　　N　　53.　　M　　54.　　I　　55.　　H56.　　D　　　　　　　　57.　　C　　58.　　B　　59.　　D　　60.　　A61.　　B　　62.　　C　　63.　　B　　64.　　D　　65.　　B66.　　C　　　　　　　　PartVCloze67.　　A　　68.　　B　　69.　　D　　70.　　A71.　C　　72.　　D　　73.　　B　　74.　　A　　75.　　C76.B　　77.　　C　　78.　　A　　79.　　B　　80.　　D81.　C　　82.　　D　　83.　　A　　84.　　B　　85.　　D86.　C　　　　　　　　87.adapttolivesindifferentcultures/adapt(oneself)tolivingindifferentcultures88.nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading89.wouldhaveachancetosurvive90.mightfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome/mightfeellonelywhenawayfromhome91.　　attherateof12millionpeopleperyear/atthespeedof12millionpeopleeveryyearn2006年6月24日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minute)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:　　Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.　　有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.　　学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.　　学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题OnStudentsSelectingLecturersPartIIReadingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minute)Directions:　　Inthispart,youwillhave15minutetogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.nForquestions1-7,markY(forYES)　　ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)　　ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)　　iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HighwaysEarlyinthe20thcentury,mostofthestreetsandroadsintheU.S.weremadeofdirt,brick,andcedarwoodblocks.Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoottraffic,theywereusuallypoorlycaredforandtoonarrowtoaccommodate(容纳)automobiles.Withtheincreaseinautoproduction,privateturnpike(收费公路)companiesunderlocalauthoritiesbegantospringup,andby1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.Manywerebuiltusingspecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacAdam(forwhomthemacadamsurfaceisnamed),whosespecificationsstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weightrestrictions,orcommercialsigns.DuringWorldWarI,roadsthroughoutthecountrywerenearlydestroyedbytheweightoftrucks.WhenGeneralEisenhowerreturnedfromGermanyin1919,afterservingintheU.S.army’sfirsttranscontinentalmotorconvoy(车队),henoted:“Theoldconvoyhadstartedmethinkingaboutgood,two-lanehighways,butGermany’sAutobahnormotorwayhadmademeseethewisdomofbroaderribbonsacrosstheland.”Itwouldtakeanotherwarbeforethefederalgovernmentwouldactonanationalhighwaysystem.DuringWorldWarII,atremendousincreaseintrucksandnewroadswererequired.Thewardemonstratedhowcriticalhighwaysweretothedefenseeffort.Thirteenpercentofdefenseplantsreceivedalltheirsuppliesbytruck,andalmostallotherplantsshippedmorethanhalfoftheirproductsbyvehicle.Thewaralsorevealedthatlocalcontrolofhighwayshadledtoaconfusingvarietyofdesignstandards.Evenfederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicstandards.Somestatesallowedtrucksupto36,000pounds,whileothersrestrictedanythingover7,000pounds.Agovernmentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystemof33,920miles,andcongresssoonpassedtheFederal-AidHighwayActof1944,whichcalledforstrict,centrallycontrolleddesigncriteria.Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.Tobuildits44,000-milewebofhighways,bridge,andtunnels,hundredsofuniqueengineeringdesignsandsolutionshadtobeworkedout.Considerthemanygeographicfeaturesofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,desertsandplains.Variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload,theintensityofroaduse,andthenatureoftheunderlyingsoil.Urbanareaswereanotherproblem.Innovativedesignsofroadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,andinterchangesthatcouldrunthroughorbypassurbanareassoonbegantoweavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerica.Today,theinterstatesystemlinkseverymajorcityintheU.S.,andtheU.S.withCanadaandMexico.Builtwithsafetyinmind,thehighwayshavewidelanesandshoulders,dividingmedians,orbarriers,longentryandexitlanes,curvesengineeredforsafeturns,andlimitedaccess.ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.S.roads(0.86deathsper100millionpassengermilescomparedto1.99deathsper100milliononallotherroads).nByopeningtheNorthAmericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofthecountry,spurredthegrowthofsuburbs,andprovidedpeoplewithgreateroptionsintermofjobs,accesstoculturalprograms,healthcare,andotherbenefits.Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheycherishmost:personalfreedomofmobility.Theinterstatesystemhasbeenanessentialelementofthenation’seconomicgrowthintermsofshippingandjobcreation:morethan75percentofthenation’sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck;andmostproductsthatarrivebyrailorairuseinterstatesforthelastlegofthejourneybyvehicle.NotonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters.Ithasallowedtherelocationofmanufacturingplantsandotherindustriesfromurbanareastorural.Bytheendofthecenturytherewasanimmensenetworkofpavedroads,residentialstreets,expressways,andfreewaysbuilttosupportmillionsofvehicles.ThehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.Theyearconstructionbeganhesaid:“Together,theunitedforcesofourcommunicationandtransportationsystemsaredynamicelementsintheverynamewebear—UnitedStates.Withoutthem,wewouldbeamereallianceofmanyseparateparts.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.　　Nationalstandardsforpavedroadswereinplaceby1921.2.　　GeneralEisenhowerfeltthatthebroadGermanmotorwaysmademoresensethanthetwo-lanehighwaysofAmerica.3.　　Itwasinthe1950sthattheAmericangovernmentfinallytookactiontobuildanationalhighwaysystem.4.　　Manyoftheproblemspresentedbythecountry’sgeographicalfeaturesfoundsolutionsininnovativeengineeringprojects.5.　　Inspiteofsafetyconsiderations,thedeathrateoninterstatehighwaysisstillhigherthanthatofotherAmericanroads.6.　　TheinterstatehighwaysystemprovidesaccessbetweenmajormilitaryinstallationsinAmerica.7.　　Servicestations,motelsandrestaurantspromotedthedevelopmentoftheinterstatehighwaysystem.[附：答题卡1]1.　　[Y][N][NG]2.　　[Y][N][NG]3.　　[Y][N][NG]4.　　[Y][N][NG]5.　　[Y][N][NG]6.　　[Y][N][NG]7.　　[Y][N][NG]8-10题请见答题卡1[附：答题卡1]8.　　Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwas________.9.　　Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan________.n10.　　TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionof________.PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11.　　A)Thegirlsgotonwellwitheachother.B)It’sunderstandablethatgirlsdon’tgetalong.C)Shewasangrywiththeotheryoungstars.D)Thegirlslackedthecouragetofight.12.　　A)Thewomandoesherownhousework.B)Thewomanneedsahousekeeper.C)Thewoman’shouseisinamess.D)Thewomanworksasahousekeeper.13.　　A)TheEdwardsarequitewell-off.B)TheEdwardsshouldcutdownontheirlivingexpenses.C)It’llbeunwisefortheEdwardstobuyanotherhouse.D)It’stooexpensivefortheEdwardstoliveintheirpresenthouse.14.　　A)Thewomandidn’texpectittobesowarmatnoon.B)Thewomanissensitivetoweatherchanges.C)Theweatherforecastwasunreliable.D)Theweatherturnedcoldallofasudden.15.A)Ataclinic.B)Inasupermarket.C)Atarestaurant.D)Inanicecreamshop.16.　　A)ThewomandidnotfeelanydangergrowingupintheBronx.B)ThemanthinksitwasquitesafelivingintheBronxdistrict.C)Thewomanstartedworkingatanearlyagetosupportherfamily.D)Themandoesn’tthinkitsafetosendan8-year-oldtobuythings.17.　　A)Themanhasneverseenthewomanbefore.B)Thetwospeakersworkforthesamecompany.C)Thetwospeakersworkonthesamefloor.D)Thewomanisinterestedinmarketresearch.18.　　A)Thewomancan’ttolerateanynoise.B)Themanislookingforanapartment.C)Themanhasmissedhisappointment.D)Thewomanisgoingtotakeatraintrip.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.　　A)Tomakeabusinessreporttothewoman.B)Tobeinterviewedforajobinthewoman’scompany.C)Toresignfromhispositioninthewoman’scompany.D)Toexchangestockmarketinformationwiththewoman.n20.　　A)Heisheadofasmalltradingcompany.B)Heworksinaninternationalinsurancecompany.C)Heleadsateamofbrokersinabigcompany.D)Heisapublicrelationsofficerinasmallcompany.21.　　A)ThewomanthinksMr.Saundersisaskingformorethantheycanoffer.B)Mr.Saunderswillshareonethirdofthewoman’sresponsibilities.C)Mr.Saundersbelievesthathedeservesmorepaidvacations.D)ThewomanseemstobesatisfiedwithMr.Saunders’pastexperience.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.　　A)She’sworriedabouttheseminar.B)Themankeepsinterruptingher.C)Shefindsittoohard.D)Shelacksinterestinit.23.　　A)Thelecturersareboring.B)Thecourseispoorlydesigned.C)SheprefersPhilosophytoEnglish.D)Sheenjoysliteraturemore.24.A)Karen’sfriend.B)Karen’sparents.C)Karen’slecturers.D)Karen’sherself.25.A)Changinghermajor.B)Spendinglessofherparents’money.C)GettingtransferredtotheEnglishDepartment.D)Leavingtheuniversity.SectionBDirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.　　A)Rentagrave.B)Burnthebody.C)Burythedeadnearachurch.D)Buyapieceoflandforagrave.27.　　A)Tosolvetheproblemoflackofland.B)Toseewhethertheyhavedecayed.C)TofollowtheGreekreligiouspractice.D)Tomovethemtoamulti-storeygraveyard.28.　　A)Theyshouldbeburiedlyingdown.B)Theyshouldbeburiedstandingup.C)Theyshouldbeburiedafterbeingwashed.D)Theyshouldbeburiedwhenpartiallydecayed.29.　　A)Burningdeadbodiestoashes.B)Storingdeadbodiesinaremoteplace.C)Placingdeadbodiesinaboneroom.D)Diggingupdeadbodiesafterthreeyears.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.　　A)ManyforeigntouristvisittheUniteStateseveryyear.nB)Americansenjoyeatingoutwiththeirfriends.C)TheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants.D)Americanspreferforeignfoodstotheirownfood.31.　　A)Theycanmakefriendswithpeoplefromothercountries.B)Theycangettoknowpeopleofotherculturesandtheirlifestyles.C)Theycanpractisespeakingforeignlanguagesthere.D)Theycanmeetwithbusinessmenfromallovertheworld.32.　　A)Thecouplecookthedishesandthechildrenhelpthem.B)Thehusbanddoesthecookingandthewifeservesasthewaitress.C)Themotherdoesthecookingwhilethefatherandchildrenservingtheguests.D)Ahiredcookpreparesthedishesandthefamilymembersservetheguests.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.　　A)Hetookthemtowatchabasketballgame.B)HetrainedthemtoplayEuropeanfootball.C)Heletthemcompeteingettingballsoutofabasket.D)Hetaughtthemtoplayanexcitingnewgame.34.　　A)Theplayersfoundthebaskettoohightoreach.B)Theplayershadtroublegettingtheballoutofthebasket.C)Theplayershaddifficultyunderstandingthecomplexrules.D)Theplayerssoonfoundthegameboring.35.　　A)Byremovingthebottomofthebasket.B)Byloweringthepositionofthebasket.C)Bysimplifyingthecomplexrules.D)Byalteringthesizeofthebasket.SectionCDirections:　　Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。ForAmericans,timeismoney.Theysay,“youonlygetsomuchtimeinthislife;you’dbetteruseitwisely.”The(36)________willnotbebetterthanthepastorpresent,asAmericanare(37)________toseethings,unlesspeopleusetheirtimeforconstructiveactivity.ThusAmericans(38)________a“well-organized”person,onewhohasawrittenlistofthinstodoanda(39)________fordoingthem.Theidealpersonispunctualandis(40)________ofotherpeople’stime.Theydonot(41)________people’stimewithconversationorotheractivitythathasno(42)________beneficialoutcome.TheAmericanattitudetowardtimeisnot(43)________sharedbyothers,especiallynon-Europeans.Theyaremorelikelytoregardtimeas(44)________________________________.Oneofthemoredifficultthingsmanystudentsmustnadjusttointhestatesisthenotionthattimemustbesavedwheneverpossibleandusedwiselyeveryday.Inthecontest(45)________________________________,McDonald’s,KFC,andotherfastfoodestablishmentsaresuccessfulinacountrywheremanypeoplewanttospendtheleastamountoftimepreparingandeatingmeals.AsMcDonald’srestaurants(46)________________________________,bringingnotjusthamburgersbutanemphasisonspeed,efficiency,andshinycleanliness.PartIVReadingcomprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:　　Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ElNinoisnamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange__47__happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthePacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds(信风)，whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin__48__,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5℃.Thewarmingoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid(潮湿的)airovertheoceancausessevere__49__thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica.__50__floodstoPeru.IntheWestpacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand__51__.ElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83ElNinobroughtthemost__52__weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds__53__ofdamage.The1990ElNinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists__54__thistobethelongestElNinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanElNinowill__55__,buttheyarestillnot__56__surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.A)　　estimate　　I)　　completelyB)　　strength　　J)　　destructiveC)　　deliberately　　K)　　starvationD)　　notify　　L)　　bringingE)　　tropical　　M)　　exhaustionF)　　phenomenon　　N)　　worthG)　　stable　　O)　　strikeH)　　attraction　SectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thenfirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmediahasfundthatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded—andcancomebacktohaunt(困扰)you—appearstobethekeytothefinding.JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachment(非直接接触)ofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpractisedatthatformofcommunication.ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime—inainstantmessageorphonecall,say—thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesarespontaneous(脱口而出的)responsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:“Doyoulikemydress?”Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkourthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumfoesaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenhisresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.　　Hancock’sstudyfocuseson________.A)theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmediaB)thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideasC)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessagesD)people’shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia58.　　Hancock’sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat________.A)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessagesB)peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractionsC)peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunicationD)peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations59.　　Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.C)Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia.D)Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication.60.　　AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesnbecause________.A)salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomersB)salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerateC)salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthyD)salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively61.　　Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A)honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsB)moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployeesC)suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesD)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompanyPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocomeworkandlivehere?InthewakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemedmorepressing.OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurity,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged“OperationSafeTravel”—raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification(身份证明).InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers’illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmail(讹诈)byterrorists.ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertainextent.“We’resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit’sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou’redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,”Andersonsaid.IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastro,amanagerataBen&Jerry’sicecreamshopattheairporthadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation(驱逐出境).Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry’s.62.　　Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation________.A)composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvaluesB)encouragingindividualpursuitsC)sharingcommoninterestsD)foundedonsharedideals63.　　HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout“OperationSafeTravel”?A)Guilty.B)Offended.C)Disappointed.D)Discouraged.64.　　Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof“OperationSafeTravel”because________.A)evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterroristsB)mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterroristsnC)terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatusD)theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport65.　　Bysaying“...we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare”(Line2,Para.4),MayorAndersonmeans“________”.A)wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatusB)wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentwayC)thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelawD)theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored66.　　WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?A)Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater.B)Sheisallowedtostaypermanently.C)Hercasehasbeendropped.D)Herfateremainsuncertain.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:　　Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Doyouwakeupeverydayfeelingtootired,orevenupset?Ifso,thenanewalarmclockcouldbejustforyou.Theclock,calledSleepSmart,measuresyoursleepcycle,andwaits__67__youtobeinyourlightestphaseofsleep__68__rousingyou.Itsmakerssaythatshould__69__youwakeupfeelingrefreshedeverymorning.Asyousleepyoupass__70__asequenceofsleepstates—lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—that__71__approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan__72__howyoufeellater,andmay__73__haveagreaterimpactthanhowmuchorlittleyouhaveslept.Beingrousedduringalightphase__74__youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.SleepSmart__75__thedistinctpatternofbrainwaves__76__duringeachphaseofsleep,viaaheadbandequipped__77__electrodes(电极)andamicroprocessor.Thismeasurestheelectricalactivityofthewearer’sbrain,inmuchthe__78__wayassomemachinesusedformedicalandresearch__79__,andcommunicateswirelesslywithaclockunitnearthebed.You__80__theclockwiththelatesttimeat__81__youwanttobewakened,andit__82__duly(适时地)wakesyouduringthelastlightsleepphasebeforethat.The__83__wasinventedbyagroupofstudentsatBrownUniversityinRhodeIsland__84__afriendcomplainedofwakinguptiredandperformingpoorlyonatest.“__85__sleep-deprivedpeopleourselves,westartedthinkingof__86__todoaboutit,”saysEricShashoua,arecentcollegegraduateandnowchiefexecutiveofficerofAxonSleepResearchLaboratories,acompanycreatedbythestudentstodeveloptheiridea.67.　　A)besideB)nearC)forD)around68.　　A)uponB)beforeC)towardsD)till69.　　A)ensureB)assureC)requireD)request70.　　A)throughB)intoC)aboutD)on71.　　A)revealsB)reversesC)resumesD)repeats72.　　A)effectB)affectC)reflectD)perfect73.　　A)alreadyB)everC)neverD)evenn74.　　A)meansB)marksC)saysD)dictates75.　　A)removesB)relievesC)recordsD)recalls76.　　A)proceededB)producedC)pronouncedD)progressed77.　　A)byB)ofC)withD)over78.　　A)familiarB)similarC)identicalD)same79.　　A)findingsB)prospectsC)proposalsD)purposes80.　　A)promptB)programC)plugD)plan81.　　A)whereB)thisC)whichD)that82.　　A)thenB)alsoC)almostD)yet83.　　A)claimB)conclusionC)conceptD)explanation84.　　A)onceB)afterC)sinceD)while85.　　A)BesidesB)DespiteC)ToD)As86.　　A)whatB)howC)whetherD)whenPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:　　CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble________(找到去历史博物馆的路).88.________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.89.Theprofessorrequiredthat________(我们交研究报告)。90.Themoreyouexplain,________(我愈糊涂).91.Thoughaskilledworker,________(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.2006年6月24日新四级参考答案范文：OnStudentsChoosingLecturersNowadays,someuniversitiesgivestudentstherighttochoosewhoteachessomeoftheirclasses.Thishasledtosomedebateoverwhetherstudentsshouldbegiventhismuchpower.Thereareseveralfactorsthatstudentsconsiderwhenchoosingalecturer,includingtheteachingstyleofthelecturer,thelecturer’sacademicbackground,andthelecturer’sreputationamongstudents.Theideallecturerisonewhohasaninterestingteachingstyle,adiverseacademicbackground,andagoodreputationamongstudents.Therearebothpositiveandnegativeaspectstoallowingstudentstochoosetheirlecturers.Givingstudentsthechoiceencouragesthemtotakeownershipfortheirclasses,andalsoputspressureonteacherstoimprovetheirteachingquality.However,thefactorsthatstudentsconsidermightnotbetheonesthatleadtothehighestqualityofeducation.Schoolsmightendupwithlecturerswhoteachinterestingclasseswithoutnmuchcontent.1.N2.Y3.Y4.Y5.N6.NG7.N8.Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwaspersonalfreedomofmobility9.Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan75percent10.TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionhisvisionandleadership11.　　A　　12.　　A　　13.　　C　　14.　　D　　15.　　C16.　　A　　17.　　B　　18.　　B　　19.　　B　　20.　　C21.　　D　　22.　　D　　23.　　C　　24.　　B　　25.　　D26.　　D　　27.　　A　　28.　　B　　29.　　A　　30.　　C31.　　B　　32.　　C　　33.　　D　　34.　　B　　35.　　A36.future37.trained38.admire39.schedule40.considerate41.waste42.visible43.　　necessarily44.　　somethingthatissimplytherearoundthem,notsomethingtheycanuse45.　　thefastfoodindustrycanbeseenasaclearexampleofAmericanculturalproduct46.　　spreadaroundtheworld,theyhavebeenviewedassymbolsofAmericansocietyandculture47.　　Fphenomenon48.　　Bstrength49.　　Etropical50.　　Lbringing51.　　Kstarvation52.　　Jdestructive53.　　Nworth54.　　Aestimate55.　　Ostrike56.　　Icompletely57.　　D　　58.　　C　　59.　　A　　60.　　B61.　　C　　62.　　D　　63.　　B　　64.　　C　　65.　　C66.　　D　　67.　　C　　68.　　B　　69.　　A　　70.　　A71.　　D　　72.　　B　　73.　　D　　74.　　A　　75.　　C76.　　B　　77.　　C　　78.　　D　　79.　　D　　80.　　B81.　　C　　82.　　A　　83.　　C　　84.　　B　　85.　　D86.　　A　　　87.　　findingthewaytothehistorymuseum88.　　Inordertosupportmyuniversitystudies(tofinancemyeducation)89.　　wehandinourresearchreport(s)90.　　themoreconfusedIam91.　　hewasfiredbythecompany