英语六级真题及答案解析07年6月到11年12月历年(最新最

英语六级真题及答案解析07年6月到11年12月历年(最新最

07年6月到11年12月历年大学英语六级真题及答案解析(完整版)最新最全最近2007年6月大学英语六级真题（A）及答案解析PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.有人做好事期望得到回报；2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；3.我的观点。ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-4,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJobManypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfourworkersisdissatisfiedwiththeircurrentjob,accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004”survey.Theircareerpathmaybefinanciallyrewarding,butitdoesn’tmeettheiremotional,socialorcreativeneeds.They’restuck,unhappy,andhavenoideawhattodoaboutit,exceptmovetoanotherjob.MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,saysthatwhenmostpeopleareunhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistogetadifferentjob.Instead,Millersuggestslookingatthepossibilityofadifferentlife.Throughherbook,8MythsofMakingaLiving,aswellasworkshops,seminarsandpersonalcoachingandconsulting,shehashelpedthousandsofdissatisfiedworkersreassesslifeandwork.LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Millerencouragesjobseekersandthosedissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheirbeliefsaboutworkandrecognizethat“inmanycasesyourbeliefsarewhatbroughtyoutowhereyouaretoday.”Youmayhavebeenraisedtothinkthatwomenwerebestatnurturingandcaringand,therefore,shouldbeteachersandnurses.Sothat’swhatyoudid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelievethatyoushoulddowhatnyourfatherdid,soyouhavetakenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomeadentist“justlikedad.”Ifthissoundsfamiliar,it’sprobablytimetolookatthenewpossibilitiesforyourfuture.Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrentsituationandbeliefs,identifytheirrealpassion,andstartonajourneythatallowsthemtopursuetheirpassionthroughwork.Step1:Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforjobseekers.Manyfinditdifficulttosteerawayfromacareerpathormakeachange,evenifitdoesn’tfeelright.Millerurgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindstootherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyarecurrentlydoing.Step2:Commitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyoutobe.Lookatthegiftsandtalentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethingsthatyoulovemost.Ifyoulovethesocialaspectsofyourjob,butarestuckinsideanofficeor“chainedtoyourdesk”mostofthetime,vowtofollowyourinstinctandinvestigatealternativecareersandworkthatallowyoumoretimetointeractwithothers.Dawnworkedasamanagerforalargeretailclothingstoreforseveralyears.Thoughshehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefeltfrustratedandlongedtobeinvolvedwithnatureandtheoutdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschoolnightsandweekendstopursuehertruepassionbyearninghermaster’sdegreeinforestry.Shenowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.Step3:Self-definitionMillersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowtosellthemselves.“Inthejobmarket,youareaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,youmostknowthefeaturesandbenefitsthatyouhavetoofferapotentialclient,oremployer.”Examinetheskillsandknowledgethatyouhaveidentifyhowtheycanapplytoyourdesiredoccupation.Yourqualitieswillexhibittoemployerswhytheyshouldhireyouoverothercandidates.Step4:Attainalevelofself-honoring.Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepforjobhunters,butbeingabletoacceptyourself,withoutjudgment,helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyoumoreself-assured.Byacceptingwhoyouare–allyouremotions,hopesanddreams,yourpersonality,andyouruniquewayofbeing–you’llprojectmoreconfidencewhennetworkingandtalkingwithpotentialemployers.Thepowerofself-honoringcanhelptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammedtobelieve–thosethatmadeyoufeelthatyouwerenotgoodenough,orstrongenough,orintelligentenoughtodowhatyoutrulydesire.Step5:Vision.Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto“WhatdoIreallywanttodo?”oneshouldcreateasolidstatementinadozenorsosentencesthatdescribeindetailhowtheyseetheirliferelatedtowork.Forinstance,thesecretarywholongstobeanactressdescribesalifethatallowshertoexpressherloveofShakespeareonstage.Arealestateagent,attractedtohiscurrentjobbecausehernlovesfixingupoldhomes,describesbuyingpropertiesthatneedalittletenderlovingcaretomakethemmoresaleable.Step6:Appropriaterisk.Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacingobstaclesanddifficulties.Oncepeoplediscovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredtodoanythingaboutit.Instead,theydonothing.Withthisstep,jobseekersshouldassesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,orrisk,inpursuitoftheirdream.Foroneworkingmom,thatmeanttakingnightclassestolearnnewcomputer-aideddesignskills,whilestillearningasalaryandkeepingherdayjob.Forsomeoneelse,itmaymeanquittinghisorherjob,takingoutloanandgoingbacktoschoolfulltime.You’llmoveonestepclosertoyouridealworklifeifyouidentifyhowmuchriskyouarewillingtotakeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.Step7:Action.Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothetopofamountain,justsittingatthefootthinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itisbymakingtheeffortofclimbingupthemountain,stepbystep,thateventuallythesummitisreached.”Alltoooften,itisthelackofactionthatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheirideals.Creatingaplanandtakingitonestepatatimecanleadtonewanddifferentjobopportunities.Job-huntingtasksgainaddedmeaningasyousensetheirimportanceinyourquestforamoremeaningfulworklife.Theplancanincluderesearchingindustriesandoccupations,talkingtopeoplewhoareinyourdesiredareaofwork,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteerworkinyourtargetedfield.Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingworklife.Afterall,itisthejourney,notthedestination,thatismostimportant.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004”survey,mostpeopleareunhappywiththeircurrentjobs.2.MaryLynMiller’sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshouldcommitthemselvestothepursuitof________.6.Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike________.7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow________.8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthequestion“________”9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto________.10.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)nSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Surfingthenet.B)Watchingatalkshow.C)Packingabirthdaygift.D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams.B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.C)Hedoesn’tknowifhecandowellintheexam.D)HeusedtogetstraightA’sintheexamshetook.13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld.C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.B)Attendamedicalschool.C)Stayinbusiness.D)Sellhisshop.15.A)Moremoney.B)Fairtreatment.C)Acollegeeducation.D)Shorterworkhours.16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.17.A)Cheerherselfupabit.B)Findamoresuitablejob.C)Seekprofessionaladvice.D)Takeapsychologycourse.18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Togosightseeing.B)Tohavemeetings.C)Topromoteanewchampagne.nD)Tojoininatrainingprogram.20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints.B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being.C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atafair.B)Atacafeteria.C)Inacomputerlab.D)Inashoppingmall.24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.25.A)Datacollection.B)Trainingconsultancy.C)Corporatemanagement.D)Informationprocessing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicemarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Improvethemselves.B)Getridofemptydreams.C)Followtheculturaltradition.D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.28.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.nB)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Michael’sparentsgotdivorced.B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.C)Karen’smotherdiedinacaraccident.D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.D)HegotmarriedtoKaren’smother.31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Germany.B)Japan.C)TheU.S.D)TheU.K.33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.35.A)Changetheirjobs.B)Earnmoremoney.C)Reducetheirworkinghours.D)Strengthenthegovernment’srole.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.n注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)________toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalormoral(37)________toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)________physicalaswellasemotionalproblems,(39)________patient-relatedservices,andmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.If,inany(40)________,wefeelthataphysician’sorderis(41)________orunsafe,wehavealegal(42)________toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress.However,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)________reasonforalotofthecareerdissatisfaction.(44)________________________________.Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)________________________________.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,California.ItwassetupinaSiliconValleygaragein1998,andinflated(膨胀)withtheInternetbubble.Evenwheneverythingarounditcollapsedthecompanykeptoninflating.Google’ssearchengineissowidespreadacrosstheworldthatsearchbecameGoogle,andgooglebecameaverb.Theworldfellinlovewiththeeffective,fascinatinglyfasttechnology.GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesoffortunateevents.ItwasPagewho,atStanfordin1996,initiatedtheacademicprojectthateventuallybecameGoogle’ssearchengine.Brin,whohadmetPageatastudentorientationayearearlier,joinedtheprojectearlyon.TheywerebothPh.D.candidateswhentheydevisedthesearchenginewhichwasbetterthantherestand,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordofmouthfromearlyadoptersto,eventually,yourgrandmother.Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,itdidmorethanjustlookforwordmatches,italsotallied(统计)andrankedahostofothercriticalfactorslikehowwebsiteslinktooneanother.Thatdeliveredfarbetterresultsthananythingelse.BrinandPagemeanttonametheircreationGoogol(thenmathematicaltermforthenumber1followedby100zeroes),butsomeonemisspelledthewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraisedmoneyfromprescient(有先见之明的)professorsandventurecapitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturnGoogleintobusiness.Perhapstheirbiggeststrokeofluckcameearlyonwhentheytriedtoselltheirtechnologytoothersearchengines,butnoonemettheirprice,andtheybuiltitupontheirown.Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoneywithitsinvention.Ithadlotsofusers,butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolutionturnedouttobeadvertising,andit’snotanexaggerationtosaythatGoogleisnowessentiallyanadvertisingcompany,giventhatthat’sthesourceofnearlyallitsrevenue.Todayitisagiantadvertisingcompany,worth$100billion.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGooglesosuccessful?48.Google’ssearchengineoriginatedfrom________startedbyL.Page.49.HowdidGoogle’ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould________.51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom________.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forninstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopian(乌托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖症).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?A)Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.B)Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause________.A)publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedB)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilC)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionD)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Line3,Para.5)?A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.n56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?A)Renewedeconomicsecurity.B)Asenseofself-fulfillment.C)Newconflictsandcomplaints.D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly(谨言慎行)intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic(语言的)ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknowas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls’appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguage—whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality—andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisassignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone’ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange—ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine.”KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail________.nA)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomenB)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapanC)thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamiliesD)thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow58.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?A)Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.B)Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.C)Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.D)Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.59.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?A)Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.B)Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen’ssentiment.C)Theyacceptitasamoderntrend.D)Theyexpressstrongdisapproval.60.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday’syoungwomen________.A)mayleadtochangesinsocialrelationsB)hasbeentrueofallpastgenerationsC)isviewedasasignoftheirmaturityD)isaresultofrapidsocialprogress61.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis________.A)asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandmaturationB)anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstsocialchangeC)oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsocietyD)aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapantodayPartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.__62__thatlogic,2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still__63__intheirminds,AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisasterinU.S.history,on__64__TV.Anyonewhodidn’tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade__65__worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour__66__toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.Granted,someamountofdelusion(错觉)isprobablypartofthe__67__condition.InA.D.63,Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquake,andthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork__68__,inthesamespot—untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta__69__ofthepastyearinndisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat__70__themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe__71__didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturns__72__thatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyis__73__thestorm,thequakeorthe__74__itself.Moreoften,itisourselves.Sowhathashappenedintheyearthat__75__thedisasterontheGulfCoast?InNewOrleans,theArmyCorpsofEngineershasworkeddayandnighttorebuildthefloodwalls.Theyhavegotthewallsto__76__theywerebeforeKatrina,moreorless.That’snot__77__,wecannowsaywithconfidence.Butitmaybeall__78__canbeexpectedfromoneyearofhustle(忙碌).Meanwhile,NewOrleansofficialshavecraftedaplantousebusesandtrainsto__79__thesickandthedisabled.Thecityestimatesthat15,000peoplewillneeda__80__out.However,stateofficialshavenotyetdeterminedwherethesepeoplewillbetaken.The__81__withneighboringcommunitiesareongoinganddifficult.62.A)ToB)ByC)OnD)For63.A)freshB)obviousC)apparentD)evident64.A)visualB)vividC)liveD)lively65.A)littleB)lessC)moreD)much66.A)reluctanceB)rejectionC)denialD)decline67.A)naturalB)worldC)socialD)human68.A)revisingB)refiningC)rebuildingD)retrieving69.A)reviewB)reminderC)conceptD)prospect70.A)preparingB)protestingC)protectingD)prevailing71.A)neverB)everC)thenD)before72.A)upB)downC)overD)out73.A)merelyB)rarelyC)incidentallyD)accidentally74.A)surgeB)spurC)surfD)splash75.A)ensuedB)tracedC)followedD)occurred76.A)whichB)whereC)whatD)when77.A)enoughB)certainC)conclusiveD)final78.A)butB)asC)thatD)those79.A)exileB)evacuateC)dismissD)displace80.A)rideB)trailC)pathD)track81.A)conventionsB)notificationsC)communicationsD)negotiationsPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Theautomanufacturersfoundthemselves________________________(正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额).83.Onlyinthesmalltown________________________(他才感到安全和放松).84.Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren________________________(被剥夺了受教育的权利).85.Ouryearsofhardworkareallinvain,________________________(更别提我们花费的大量金钱了).n86.Theproblemsofblacksandwomen________________________(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).2007年6月23日六级参考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)1.N2.Y3.NG4.Y5.thosethingsthattheylovemost6.products7.moreconfidence8.WhatdoIreallywanttodo?9.giveup,orrisk10.thelackofactionPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)11.A)Surfingthenet.12.B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.13.D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.14.C)Stayinbusiness.15.A)Moremoney.16.B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.17.C)Seekprofessionaladvice.18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.19.B)Tohavemeetings.20.D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.21.D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.22.C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid23.A)Atafair.24.C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.25.B)Trainingconsultancy.26.A)Improvethemselves.27.D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.28.D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.29.B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.30.B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.32.B)Japan.33.D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.35.C)Reducingtheirworkinghours.36.licensed37.obligation38.assess39.coordinate40.circumstance41.inappropriate42.responsibility43.prime44.Itissometimesrequiredthatweworkovertime,andthatwechangeshiftsfourorfivetimesamonth.45.Mosthospitalsarenowstaffedbynewgraduates,asexperiencednursesfinallygiveuptryingtochangethesystem.46.theywillfindthatmostcriticalhospitalcareswillbeprovidedbynew,inexperienced,andsometimesinadequatelytrainednurses.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)47.ThebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page48.theacademicproject49.Bywordofmouth50.meettheirpricen51.advertising52.B)Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness?53.D)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety54.A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.55.D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs56.C)Newconflictsandcomplaints57.B)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan58.B)Theyusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticform59.D)Theyexpressstrongdisapproval60.A)mayleadtochangesinsocialrelations61.C)oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsocietyPartVCloze(15minutes)62.B)By63.A)fresh64.C)live65.D)much66.A)reluctance67.D)human68.C)rebuilding69.A)review70.C)protecting71.B)ever72.D)out73.B)rarely74.A)surge75.C)followed76.B)where77.A)enough78.C)that79.B)evacuate80.A)ride81.D)negotiationsPartVITranslation(5minutes)82.competingwithforeignfirmsformarketshare83.doeshefeelsecureandrelaxed84.aredeprivedoftherightstoreceiveeducation85.nottomention/letalonethelargeamountofmoneywehavespent86.havegained/causedconsiderablepublicconcerninrecentdecades2007年12月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Thedigitalage1.如今，数字化产品越来越多，如…2.使用数字化产品对于人们学习工作和生活的影响。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)SevenwaytoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRamertocutcostsathisfamily—ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout￡100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis￡90,000fuelandpowerbillby￡60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,nsavingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact.InsulateSpaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenoughyoucanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.ChangeBulbsLightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLS,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.ComfortZoneWaterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmostImillionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.RemakeFactoriesFromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitesitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany￡200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing(优化)energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJurgenHambrecht.nGreenDrivingAquarteroftheworld’senergy---includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated(充气).Gasoline-electrichybrid(混合型的)modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.ABetterFridgeMorethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.FlexiblePaymentWhosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting（翻新改造）inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing.ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?Ithasdowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsaving.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.Willitbeenough?Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.1.Whatissaidtobebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?A)Raisingefficiency.B)Cuttingunnecessarycosts..C)Findingalternativeresources.D)Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?A)Diversifyenergysupply.B)Cutenergyconsumption.C)Reducecarbonemissions.D)RaiseproductionRaiseproductionefficiency.3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto_____________.A)improveyourworkenvironmentB)cutyourutilitybillsbyhalfC)getridofair-conditionersD)enjoymuchbetterhealthn4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?A)Asmallportion.B)Some40percent.C)Almosthalf.D)75to80percent.5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby__________.A)upgradingtheequipmentB)encouraginginvestmentsC)implementinghigh-techD)providingsubsidies6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves￡200millionayearby___________.A)recyclingheatandenergyB)settingupfactoriesinChinaC)usingthenewesttechnologyD)reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif___________.A)weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipesB)WechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliancesC)WecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsD)Wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients____________.9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith_____.10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom__________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Proceedinhisownway.B)Sticktotheoriginalplan.C)Compromisewithhiscolleague.D)Trytochangehiscolleague’smind.12.A)Maryhasakeeneyeforstyle.B)Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.C)NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRome.D)NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.13.A)Washthedishes.B)Gotothetheatre.C)PickupGeorgeandMartha.D)Takeherdaughtertohospital.14.A)Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople.B)Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.C)Sheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman.D)Sheisthebestinformedwomanintown.15.A)Acardealer.B)AmechanicC)Adrivingexaminer.D)Atechnicalconsultant.16.A)Theshoppingmallhasbeendesertedrecently.B)Shopperscanonlyfindgoodstoresinthemall.C)Lotsofpeoplemovedoutofthedowntownarea.D)Thereisn’tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.17.A)Hewillhelpthewomanwithherreading.B)Theloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.C)Hefeelssleepywheneverhetriestostudy.D)Acozyplaceisratherhardtofindoncampus.18.A)Toprotectherfromgettingscratches.B)Tohelprelieveherofthepain.C)Topreventmosquitobites.D)Toavoidgettingsunburnt.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Inastudio.B)Inaclothingstore.C)AtabeachresortD)Atafashionshow20.A)Tolivetherepermanently.B)Tostaythereforhalfayear.nC)Tofindabetterjobtosupportherself.D)TosellleathergoodsforaBritishcompany.21.A)Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies.B)Modelingforaworld-famousItaliancompany.C)WorkingasanemployeeforFerragamo.D)ServingasasalesagentforBurberrys.22.A)Ithasseenasteadydeclineinitsprofits.B)Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.C)Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeigncompanies.D)Ithasattractedlotmoredesignersfromabroad.23.A)Ithelpshertoattractmorepublicattention.B)Itimprovesherchanceofgettingpromoted.C)Itstrengthensherrelationshipwithstudents.D)Itenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter.24.A)Passively.B)Positively.C)Skeptically.D)Sensitively.25.A)Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.B)Herteachingwassomewhataffectedbyit.C)Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.D)Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Towinoverthemajorityofpassengersfromairlinesintwentyyears.B)ToreformrailroadmanagementinwesternEuropeancountries.C)ToelectrifytherailwaylinesbetweenmajorEuropeancities.D)TosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope.27.A)MajorEuropeanairlinerwillgobankrupt.B)Europeanswillpaymuchlessfortraveling.C)TravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswillbecutbyhalf.D)TrainswillbecomethesafestandmostefficientmeansoftravelinEurope.28.A)Traintravelwillprovemuchmorecomfortablethanairtravel.B)Passengerswillfeelmuchsaferonboardatrainthanonaplane.C)Railtransportwillbeenvironmentallyfriendlierthanairtransport.D)Travelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthan,byair.29.A)In1981.B)In1989.C)In1990.D)In2000.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Therecanbenospeedyrecoveryformentalpatients.B)Approachestohealingpatientsareessentiallythesame.C)Themindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole.D)Thereisnocleardivisionoflaborinthemedicalprofession.31.A)Adoctor’sfamestrengthensthepatients’faithinthem.B)Abuseofmedicinesiswidespreadinmanyurbanhospitals.C)Onethirdofthepatientsdependonharmlesssubstancesforcure.D)Apatient’sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery.32.A)Expensivedrugsmaynotprovethemosteffective.B)Theworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover.C)Doctorsoftenexaggeratetheeffectoftheirremedies.D)Mostillnessescanbecuredwithoutmedication.nPassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Enjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions.B)Defyingalldangerswhentheyhaveto.C)Beingfondofmakingsensationalnews.D)Dreamingofbecomingfamousoneday.34.A)Workinginanemergencyroom.B)Watchinghorrormovies.C)Listeningtorockmusic.D)Doingdailyroutines.35.A)Arockclimber.B)Apsychologist.C)Aresidentdoctor.D)Acareerconsultant.SectionCIfyou’relikemostpeople,you’veindulgedinfakelisteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlook(36)________attheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,(37)_______inthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams.(38)________youcomebacktoearth:theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthechalkboard,andyou(39)_______copyitinyournotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa(40)_________remark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou’veheardtheremarkandfounditmildly(41)___________.Youhaveavaguesenseof(42)___________thatyouaren’tpayingcloseattention,butyoutellyourselfthatany(43)________youmisscanbepickedupfromafriend’snotes.Besides,(44)_______________________.Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld.Onlylaterdoyourealizeyou’vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fakelisteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakersaresensitivetofacialcuesandcantellifyou’remerelypretendingtolisten.(45)________________________.Evenifyou’renotexposed,there’sanotherreasontoavoidfakery;it’seasyforthisbehaviortobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthat(46)_________________.Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformation.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Men,thesedays,areembracingfatherhoodwiththeround-the-clockinvolvementtheirpartnershavealwaysdreamedof–handlingnightfeedings,packinglunchesandbandagingknees.Butunlikewomen,manyfindthey’renegotiatingtheirnewroleswithlittlesupportorinformation.“Meninmygeneration(aged25-40)haveafearofbecomingdadsbecausewehavenorolemodels,”saysJonSmith,awriter.Theyoftenfindthemselvesexcludedfrommothers’supportnetworks,andareeyedwarily(警觉地)ontheplayground.Thechallengeisparticularlyevidentinthework—place.There,menarestillexpectedtobebreadwinnersclimbingthecorporateladder;traditionally-mindedbossesareoftenunsympathetictofamilyneeds.InDenmarkmostnewfathersonlytaketwoweeksofpaternityleave(父亲的陪产假)—eventhoughtheyareallowed34days.Asmuchasifnotmoresothanwomen,fathersstruggletobetakenseriouslywhentheyrequestflexiblearrangements.ThoughWilfried-FritzMaring,54,adata-bankandInternetspecialistwithGermanfirmFIZKarlsruhe,feelsthatthetimehespendswithhisdaughteroutweighsanydisadvantages,headmits,“WithmydecisiontoworkfromhomeIdismissedanyopportunityforpromotion.”Mind-sets(思维定势)arechanginggradually.WhenMaringhadadaughter,thecompanyequippedhimwithahomeofficeandallowedhimtochooseajobthatcouldbeperformedfromthere.DanishtelecomcompanyTDCinitiatedaninternalcampaignlastyeartoencouragedadstotakepaternitynleave:97percentnowdo.“Whenanemployeegoesonpaternityleaveandiswithhiskids,hegetsanewkindoftraining:inhowtokeepcoolunderstress,”saysspokespersonChristineElbergHolm.Foranewgenerationofdads,kidsmaycomebeforethecompany–butit’sashiftthatbenefitsboth.47.Unlikewomen,menoftengetlittlesupportorinformationfrom______________.48.Besidessupportingthefamily,menwerealsoexpectedto________.49.Likewomen,menhopethattheirdesireforaflexibleschedulewillbe_____________.50.WhenMaringwasonpaternityleave,hewasallowedbyhiscompanytowork___________.51.ChristineHolmbelievespaternityleaveprovidesanewkindoftrainingformeninthatitcanhelpthemcopewith_____________.SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Likemostpeople,I’velongunderstoodthatIwillbejudgedbymyoccupation,thatmyprofessionisagaugepeopleusetoseehowsmartortalentedIam.Recently,however,IwasdisappointedtoseethatitalsodecideshowI’mtreatedasaperson.LastyearIleftaprofessionalpositionasasmall-townreporterandtookajobwaitingtables.Assomeonepaidtoservefoodtopeople.IhadcustomerssayanddothingstomeIsuspectthey’dneversayordototheirmostcasualacquaintances.Onenightamantalkingonhiscellphonewavedmeaway,thenbeckoned(示意)mebackwithhisfingeraminutelater,complaininghewasreadytoorderandaskingwhereI’dbeen.Ihadwaitedtablesduringsummersincollegeandwastreatedlikeapeon(勤杂工)byplentyofpeople.Butat19yearsold.IbelievedIdeservedinferiortreatmentfromprofessionaladults.Besides,peoplerespondedtomedifferentlyafterItoldthemIwasincollege.CustomerswouldjokethatonedayI’dbesittingattheirtable,waitingtobeserved.OnceIgraduatedItookajobatacommunitynewspaper.Frommyfirstday,Iheardarespectfultonefromeveryonewhocalledme.Iassumedthiswasthewaytheprofessionalworldworked-cordially.Isoonfoundoutdifferently,Isatseveralfeetawayfromanadvertisingsalesrepresentativewithasimilarname.OurcallswouldoftengetmixedupandsomeoneaskingforKristenwouldbetransferredtoChristie.Themistakewasimmediatelyevident.Perhapsitwasbecausemoneywasinvolved,butpeopleusedatonewithKristenthattheyneverusedwithme.Myjobtitlemadepeopletreatmewithcourtesy.Soitwasashocktoreturntotherestaurantindustry.It’snosecretthatthere’salottoputupwithwhenwaitingtables,andfortunately,muchofitcanbeeasilyforgottenwhenyoupocketthetips.Theserviceindustry,bydefinition,existstocatertoothers’needs.Still,itseemedthatmanyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant.I’mnowapplyingtograduateschool,whichmeanssomedayI’llreturntoaprofessionwherepeopleneedtobenicetomeinordertogetwhattheywant.IthinkI’lltakethemtodinnerfirst,andseehowtheytreatsomeonewhoseonlyjobistoservethem. 52.Theauthorwasdisappointedtofindthat___________________.A)one’spositionisusedasagaugetomeasureone’sintelligence.B)talentedpeoplelikehershouldfailtogetarespectablejobC)one’soccupationaffectsthewayoneistreatedasapersonD)professionalstendtolookdownuponmanualworkers53.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexampleinthesecondparagraph?A)Somecustomerssimplyshownorespecttothosewhoservethem.nB)Peopleabsorbedinaphoneconversationtendtobeabsent-minded.C)Waitressesareoftentreatedbycustomersascasualacquaintances.D)Somecustomersliketomakeloudcomplaintsfornoreasonatall.54.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenwaitingtablesattheageof19?A)Shefeltitunfairtobetreatedasamereservantbyprofessionals.B)Shefeltbadlyhurtwhenhercustomersregardedherasapeon.C)Shewasembarrassedeachtimehercustomersjokedwithher.D)Shefounditnaturalforprofessionalstotreatherasinferior.55.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“…manyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant”(Lines3-4,Para.7)?A)Thosewhocatertoothers’needsaredestinedtobelookeddownupon.B)Thoseworkingintheserviceindustryshouldn’tbetreatedasservants.C)Thoseservingothershavetoputupwithroughtreatmenttoearnaliving.D)Themajorityofcustomerstendtolookonaservantasaservernowadays.56.Theauthorsaysshe’llonedaytakeherclientstodinnerinorderto_______.A)seewhatkindofpersontheyareB)experiencethefeelingofbeingservedC）showhergenerositytowardspeopleinferiortoherD）arousetheirsympathyforpeoplelivingahumblelifePassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?AS7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh.andincomeinequality.Sure,someleftishbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstincomeinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.InDecember.MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.SNews&WorldReport,whichheowns.“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented(哀叹)the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouseholdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,popularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornia’governortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocrats(有钱有势的人)areexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatory(没收性的)taxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionnofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefinanciallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.57.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?A)Thefateoftheultrawealthypeople.B)Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.C)Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.D)Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.58.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?A)Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.B)TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.C)TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.D)ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.59.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat____________.A)theveryricharefashion-consciousB)theveryricharepoliticallysensitiveC)universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmericaD)Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage60.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?A)Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.B)Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributesmosttosociety.C)Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.D)Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.61.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?A)Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.B)Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.C)Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.D)Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.PartVCloze(15minutes)In1915EinsteinmadeatriptoGattingentogivesomelecturesattheinvitationofthemathematicalphysicistDavidHilbert.Hewasparticularlyeager—tooeager,itwouldturn62--toexplainalltheintricaciesofrelativitytohim.Thevisitwasatriumph,andhesaidtoafriendexcitedly.“Iwasableto63Hilbertofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.”64allofEinstein’spersonalturmoil(焦躁)atthetime,anewscientificanxietywasaboutto65.Hewasstrugglingtofindtherightequationsthatwould66hisnewconceptofgravity,67thatwoulddefinehowobjectsmove68spaceandhowspaceiscurvedbyobjects.Bytheendofthesummer,he69themathematicalapproachhehadbeen70foralmostthreeyearswasflawed.Andnowtherewasa71pressure.Einsteindiscoveredtohis72thatHilberthadtakenwhathehadlecturesandwasracingtocomeup73thecorrectequationsfirst.Itwasanenormouslycomplextask.AlthoughEinsteinwasthebetterphysicist.Hilbertwasthebettermathematician.SoinOctober1915Einstein74himselfintoamonth-long-franticendeavorin75henreturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategyandwrestledwithequations,proofs,correctionsandupdatesthathe76togiveaslecturestoBerlin’sPrussianAcademyofSciencesonfour77Thursdays.HisfirstlecturewasdeliveredonNov.4.1915,anditexplainedhisnewapproach,78headmittedhedidnotyethavetheprecisemathematicalformulationofit.Einsteinalsotooktimeofffrom79revisinghisequationstoengageinanawkwardfandango(方丹戈双人舞)withhiscompetitorHilbert.Worried80beingscooped(抢先),hesentHilbertacopyofhisNov.4lecture.“Iam81toknowwhetheryouwilltakekindlytothisnewsolution,”Einsteinnotedwithatouchofdefensiveness.62.A)upB)overC)outD)off63.A)convinceB)counselC)persuadeD)preach64.A)AboveB)AroundC)AmidD)Along65.A)emitB)emergeC)submitD)submerge66.A)imitateB)igniteC)describeD)ascribe67.A)onesB)thoseC)allD)none68.A)intoB)beyondC)amongD)through69.A)resolvedB)realizedC)acceptedD)assured70.A)pursuingB)protectingC)contestingD)contending71.A)complexB)compatibleC)comparativeD)competitive72.A)humorB)horrorC)excitementD)extinction73.A)toB)forC)withD)against74.A)threwB)thrustC)huddledD)hopped75.A)howB)thatC)whatD)which76.A)dashedB)dartedC)rushedD)reeled77.A)successiveB)progressiveC)extensiveD)repetitive78.A)soB)sinceC)thoughD)because79.A)casuallyB)coarselyC)violentlyD)furiously80.A)afterB)aboutC)onD)in81.A)curiousB)consciousC)ambitiousD)ambiguousPartVITranslation(5minutes)82.Butformobilephone,___________________(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)。83.Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation,_____________(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).84.TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning,______________(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,_________________(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).86.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_____________________(他都不应该对法庭说慌).答案：PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning).SectionA11.C12.B13.A14.C15.B16.D17.B18.C19.A20.B21.A22.B23.D24.Bn25.CSectionB26.D27.C28.D29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.BSectionC36.squarely37.floating38.Occasionsllly39.dutifully40.witty41.humorous42.guilt43.material44.theinstructoristalkingaboutroadconstructioninancientRomeandnotingcouldbemoreboring45.Yourblankexpressionandthefarawaylookinyoureyesarethecuesthatbetrayyouinattentiveness46.theyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomethingcomplexoruninterestingPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA47.mother’ssupportnetworks48.climbthecorporateladder49.takenseriously50.fromhome/inahomeoffice51.stressSectionB52.C53.A54.D55.B56.A57.C58.D59.B60.C61.D62.C63.A64.C65.B66.D67.A68.D69.B70.A71.D72.B73.C74.A75.D76.C77.A78.C79.D80.B81.APartVITranslation83.notingcanbemorehelpfulthanasenseofhumor84.butherefusedtogivefurtherexplanationfordoingso85.whileanimalbehaviordependsmainlyoninstinct86.shouldhelie/tellliestothecourt2008年6月21日英语六级真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?　　1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多　　2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是……　　3.我的看法注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkednA),B),C)andD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Whatwilltheworldbelikeinfiftyyears?Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,frongas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexbaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”LivinglongerAnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,belivesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmuno-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andalloweingthemtodeveoopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“anthenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:“It’sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”AliensConlinPillinger,professorofplanerarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidistarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites(陨石).nChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentforstofMarsoronotherplaners.Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddefore2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.Heays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.ColoniesinspaceRichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”SpinalinjuriesEllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstitudeinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinijuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflicatedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.Shesays:”Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprofescribedrugsthatcauseseveres(断裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplancingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repariestothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.ObesitySydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NoblelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”RobotsRodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”nEnergyBillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says:”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.SocietyGeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:”TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brigheter,wiser,happierandkinder”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?A)AsolutiontotheglobalenergycrisisB)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.C)ThelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscienceD)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.A)mayinvitetroubleB)maynotcometrueC)willfoolthepublicD)domoreharmthangood3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantationB)morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantationC)animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodiesD)organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday4.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigarr,proplewill____.A)lifeforaslongastheywishB)berelievedfromallsufferingsC)lifeto100andmorewithvitalityD)beabletolivelongerthanwhales5.PricetonprofessorFreemanSysonthinksthat____.A)scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartooursnB)humanswillbeabletosettleonMarsC)alienlifewilllikelybediscoveredD)lifewillstarttoevolveonMars6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans_____.A)MightsurvieallcatastrophesonearthB)MightacquireamplenaturalresourcesC)WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreelyD)Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstitueinPhiladelpia,predictsthat_____.A)humanorganscanbumanufacturedlikeappliancesB)peoplewillbeasstronganddymamicassupermenC)humannervescanbereplancedbyopticfibersD)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow8.rodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentof__artificaialintelligenceforrobots_____9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan’tbeusedtomake__pollutions___________10AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof_________religion_______PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)听力部分试题略PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ifmovietrailers(预告片)aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That’swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral(震撼心灵的).Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarenstepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints."United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere’reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That’sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答47.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededincausingareactionwhenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.48.Themovie"United93"issuretogiverisetoanemotionaldebate.49.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedforexploitinganationaltragedy.51.CaroleO’Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryistoraisetheawarenessaboutsecurity.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughtthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlownagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfirstfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006. IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?A)TheireconomyisplungingB)Theycan’taffordtripstoEuropeC)TheircurrencyhasslumpedD)Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.53.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.54HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.Swiththedevalueddollar?TheyfeelcontemptuousofitTheyaresympatheticwithit.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?nTheytreatthedollarwithalittlerespectTheytrytowinintheweak-dollargambleTheyvacationathomeratherthanabroadTheytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.56Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)?Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.ThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadimeThedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsession(痴迷)ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-poinntincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke(偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.Gettingintoyalemaysignifyintellgence,talentandAmbition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetiton.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.princetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpdexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.theveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtodeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.n注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whydosetheauthorsaythatparengsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C.theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D.theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?A.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C.Theirchildreneillhavehaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewersyudentthantheyusedto.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbykidscountmorethantheircollege(Line1,para.4?A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.B.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportangthantheircollegebackground.D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.60.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?A.GETtingintoPh.d.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.61.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______A.theyearblessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplicationPartVClozeDirections:thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,IMetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtomethatthecountryhadaperfectsolutiontoitseconomicproblems.WatchingtheU.S.economy___62___duringthe‘90s,theGermanshaddecidedthatthey,too,neededtogothehigh-technology___63___.Buthow?Inthelate‘90s,theanswerschemedobvious.Indians.___64___all,IndianentrepreneursaccountedforoneofeverythreeSiliconValleystart-ups.SotheGermangovernmentdecidedthatitwould___65___IndianstoTermanyjustasAmericadoesby___66___greencards.OfficialscreatedsomethingcalledtheGermanGreenCardand___67___thattheywouldissue20,000inthefirstyear.n___68___,theGermansexpectedthattensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome,andperhapsthe___69___wouldhavetobeincreased.Buttheprogramwasafailure.Ayearlater___70___halfofthe20,000cardshadbeenissued.Afterafewextensions,theprogramwas___71___.ItoldtheGermanofficialatthetimethatIwassurethe___72___wouldfail.It’snotthatIhadanyparticularexpertiseinimmigrationpolicy,___73___Iunderstoodsomethingaboutgreencards,becauseIhadone(theAmerican___74___).TheGermanGreenCardwasmismand,Iargued,__75__itnever,underanycircumtances,translatedintoGermancitizenship.TheU.S.greencard,bycontrast,isanalmost__76__pathtobecomingAmerican(afterfiveyearsandacleanrecord).Theofficial__77__myobjection,sayingthattherewasnowayGermanywasgoingtoofferthesepeoplecitizenship.”weneedyoungtachworkers,”hesaid.”that’swhatthispro-gramisall__78__.”soGermanywasaskingbrightyoung__79__toleavetheircountry,cultureandfamilies,movethousandsofmilesaway,learnanewlanguageandworkinastrangeland—butwithoutany__80__ofeverbeingpartoftheirnewhome.Germanywassengingasignal,onethatwas___81___receivedinIndiaandothercountries,andalsobyGermany’sownimmigrantcommunity.62.A)soarC)amplifyB)hoverD)intensify63.A)circuitC)traitB)strategyD)route64.A)OfC)InB)AfterD)At65.A)importC)conveyB)kidnapD)lure66.A)offeringC)evacuatingB)installingD)formulating67.A)conferredC)announcedB)inferredD)verified68.A)SpeciallyC)ParticularlyB)NaturallyD)Consistently69.A)quotasC)measuresB)digitsD)scales70.A)invariablyC)barelyB)literallyD)solely71.A)repelledC)combatedB)deletedD)abolished72.A)adventureC)initiativeB)responseD)impulse73.A)andC)soB)butD)or74.A)heritageC)notionB)revisionD)version75A)becauseB)unlessC)ifD)while76A)aggressiveB)automaticC)vulnerableD)voluntary77A)overtookB)fascinatedC)submittedD)dismissed78A)towardsB)roundC)aboutD)over79A)dwellersB)citizensC)professionalsD)amateurs80A)prospectB)suspicionC)outcomeD)destination81A)partiallyB)clearlyC)brightlyD)vividlyPartVITranslationDirections:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweekn(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople2008年6月英语六级A卷完整答案Part1Writing范文一Recentdecadeshaveseentherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,andtherebyE-bookshavewoundtheirwayintoourdailylife.BecauseofthewideandquickpopularityofE-books,therehasbeenanincreasingcontroversyoverthequestionofwhetherE-bookswillreplacetraditionalbooksornot.ManypeopleholdtheideathatitwillnottakelongforE-bookstoreplacetraditionalbooksbecauseE-bookshavequiteafewadvantagesovertraditionalones.First,E-booksaremoreaccessibletoreaders,becausethereadersjustneedtologontotheinternetandreadonline.Second,thankstotheadvancedtechnology,thecostofE-booksismuchlower,soittakesreadersfarlessmoneytobuyE-books.Lastbutnottheleast,readingE-bookshasdevelopedintopartofourdailylife,whichisparticularlyappealingtoyoungusers,whoarethebodypartoftheusersofelectronicproducts.AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisnotlikelyforE-bookstoreplacetraditionalbooksforlotsofreasons.Forexample,longtimeofreadingE-bookswilldomoreharmtooureyes,andreaderswillfindthemselvesmoreaccessibletoprintedmaterialsbecausecomputersandtheinternethaven’tyetbeenpopularizedtoeverycornerofourlife.范文二E-books,orelectronicbooks,havethesameinformationandneedthesamereadingexperienceasthetraditionalbooks,whichyouactuallyholdinyourhands.E-bookshavesomanybenefitsthattheywillreplacetraditionalbooks.E-bookscanbecreatedonashoestringbudgetwhiletheauthorsoftraditionalbookswillhavetoovercomeatoughsalestargetbeforetheyevenconsidermakingaprofitonthebook.E-booksarequickertocreatebecausetheycouldbewrittenandpublishedinaslittleasaweekwhilethetimespanbetweenstartingatraditionalbookandwritingitcouldtakearoundayearortwo.E-booksareeasiertotargetawidemarketbecausetheymaybesoldontheInternettoanyonewithacreditcardandanInternetconnectioninanyplaceintheworld,whilewithatraditionalbookitmaybedifficulttoexpandtonewmarkets,sinceitwillinvolvefurthersignificantcostsondistributionandmarketing.Toconclude,E-booksareaveryvaluabletoolthatcouldbeusedasaprofitcentre,asapublishingtoolorasamarketingtool.Theyhavemanyadvantagesoverthetraditionalbooks.E-bookswillreplacetraditionalbooks.Part2ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.D)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury.2.B)maynotcometruen3.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantation4.C)liveto100andmorewithvitality5.C)alienlifewilllikelybediscovered6.A)mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearth7.D)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow8.artificialintelligence9.weapons10.religionPart3ListeningComprehensionSectionA11.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.C)Arealnuisance.14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.15.B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.17.D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.C)Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.19.B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.20.B)Aworldofantiques.21.D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.22.B)30,00023.C)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.24.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.25.B)Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.SectionBPassage126.D)Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansofwaterrecreation.27.A)Waterscooteroperatorslackofexperience.28.B)Theyproducetoomuchnoise.29.D)Enforcenecessaryregulations.Passage230.D)Theyarechanging.31.B)Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.32.C)Keepafriendlydistance.Passage333.D)Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34.B)Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.35.C)Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.nSectionC36.survive37.complicated38.offenders39.whereby40.incurring41.influence42.serving43.restore44.Thealternativetocapitalpunishmentislongersentences.Buttheywouldcertainlycostthetaxpayersmuchmoney.45.thatdoesnotmeanthatpersonisn'tguiltyofthecrime,orthatheshouldn'tpaysocietythedebtheowes.46.alargepartofitinprisonforactsthathecommittedwhilenotinfullcontrolofhismind.Part4ReadinginDepthSectionA47.causingareaction48.anemotionaldebate49.Theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.exploitinganationaltragedy51.raiseawarenessSectionBPassage152.B)Theircurrencyhasslumped.53.C)Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.54.D)Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55.C)Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad.56.A)Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.Passage257.D)Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.A)Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.59.C)Kid’sactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgrounds.60.B)Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.61.C)theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationPart5Cloze62.A)soar63.D)route64.A)Of65.A)import66.A)offering67.C)announced68.D)Consistently69.A)quotas70.C)barely71.D)abolished72.C)initiative73.B)but74.D)version75.A)because76.B)automatic77.D)dismissed78.C)about79.C)professionalsn80.A)prospect81.B)clearlyPart6Translation82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhoaredevotedtopoemsintheirwholelives(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsiveandunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhavemadeareplylastweek.(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiment(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口相互争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationdependslargelyon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducation.2009年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班2.对这种做法有人表示支持，也有人并不赞成3.我认为……ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BossesSay“Yes”toHomeWorkRisingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice—allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo—staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcounts(员工数)andtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon’thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries.Whilecompanymanagershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,scepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpensesteleworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstothebusiness.Yetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter-Telresearchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmall-and-medium-sizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtohaveintroducedflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthenbusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces.Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingapieceofcake.“Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,”saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire.“Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis.”Oneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativeplansinplaceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading(伪装)asbusiness-friendlybroadband.“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.“Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested(拥堵的)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport.”Suchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessemailinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphoneservices.Internet-basedtelecoms,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicemailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.Bylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedtoaccommodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromotingteleworkingrecently.Thecompany,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基础设施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.MarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexplainsthatthecompanyhasarelativelyyoungworkforce,manyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatmaximumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkisclient-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseenanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday.”Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasupdatingitssystemsanyway,thecompanyspent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttothecompanynetworksandaccessalltheirusualresources.AlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetquantifiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedtelephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)poppingupallovertheplace,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,”headds.Thecompanywillalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingateleworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandinghercompany’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehostingcompany,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthecompany’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.Ithasenabledthecompanytodispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn’tneedthemanymore.“Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,emailandatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving￡16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A)Howbusinessmanagersviewhi-tech.B)Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees.C)Howtocutdownthecostsofsmallbusinesses.D)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking.2.FromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-Tel,welearnthat.A)moreemployeesworktofullcapacityathomeB)employeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallbusinessesC)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolutionsD)attitudestowardITtechnologyhavechanged3.WhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyPoulton?A)Reducedcostoftelecommunications.B)Improvedreliabilityofinternetservice.C)AvailabilityoftheVoIPservice.D)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere.4.WhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetservices?A)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders.B)Theycontactproviderslocatednearesttothem.C)Theycarefullyexaminethecontract.D)Theycontractthecheapestprovider.n5.Internet-basedtelecomsfacilitatesremoteworkingby__________.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservicesB)givingaccesstoemailinginrealtimeC)helpingclientsdiscussbusinessathomeD)providingcallscompletelyfreeofcharge6.TheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedteleworkinginitiallyinorderto__________.A)presentapositiveimagetoprospectivecustomersB)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareofC)attractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkforitD)reduceoperationalexpensesofasecondoffice7.AccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,teleworkingenabledthecompanyto__________.A)enhanceitsmarketimageB)reducerecruitmentcostsC)keephighlyqualifiedstaffD)minimiseitsofficespace8.WrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthecompanybuthelpsimproveemployees’.9.Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe__________whiletraveling.10.SinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto__________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.D)Theydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.12.A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean’sposition.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.13.A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.14.A)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.B)TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.C)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.15.A)Cooktheirdinner.B)Restforawhile.nC)Gettheircarfixed.D)Stopforthenight.16.A)Newly-launchedproducts.B)Consumerpreferences.C)Surveyresults.D)Surveymethods.17.A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse.B)Thewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbow.C)Theinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysreliable.D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.18.A)Thecourseisopentoallnextsemester.B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.D)Hewilldrophiscourseinmarketing.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.B)Amanageratacomputerstore.C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.D)Developingcomputerprograms.21.A)Shelikessomethingmorechallenging.B)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.22.A)Rightaway.B)Intwomonths.C)Earlynextmonth.D)Inacoupleofdays.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.C)Itisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsago.D)Itwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.24.A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.C)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.25.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.SectionBnDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.B)Thejobposedapotentialthreattoherhealth.C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.28.A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup.D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.29.A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.B)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalisation.D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.31.A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.C)Sharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromothercultures.D)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.32.A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.B)Labormarketisgettingglobalised.C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.D)Globalisationwilleliminatemanyjobs.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintelligent.34.A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.nC)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.D)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.35.A)Theyforcepeopletofollowtheculturalmainstream.B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.ThenameisfromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasanasset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewerenodevicesfortakingnotes,andearlyGreekorators(演说家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreatbecausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryisanassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.Theyourbrainregisterstheword“apple”,ittheshape,color,taste,smellandofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”..Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory..AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationusingaspeakerphone.AsKunarandHorowitzreport,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragenreactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7metrestothebrakingdistanceofacartravellingat100kph.Theyalsofoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83%moreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.Totrytounderstandmoreaboutwhythiswas,theytriedtwofurthertests.Inone,membersofagroupwereaskedsimplytorepeatwordsspokenbythecaller.Intheother,theyhadtothinkofawordthatbeganwiththelastletterofthewordtheyhadjustheard.Thoseonlyrepeatingwordsperformedthesameasthosewithnodistraction,butthosewiththemorecomplicatedtaskshowedevenworsereactiontimes—anaverageof480millisecondsextradelay.Thisshowsthatwhenpeoplehavetoconsidertheinformationtheyhearcarefully,itcanimpairtheirdrivingabilitysignificantly.Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.47.Carryingonamobilephoneconversationwhileoneisdrivingisconsidereddangerousbecauseitseriouslydistracts.48.Intheexperiments,thetwogroupsofvolunteerswereaskedtohandleaseriesofmovingtaskswhichwereconsidered.49.Resultsoftheexperimentsshowthatthosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecalltooktoreactthanthosewhowerenot.50.Furtherexperimentsrevealthatparticipantstendtorespondwithextradelayiftheyarerequiredtodo.51.Theauthorbelievespersuasion,ratherthan,mightbetheonlywaytostoppeoplefromusingmobilephoneswhiledriving.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鸣得意的）greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活跃分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswendroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.52.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?A)Aheateddebate.B)Popularsupport.C)Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcriticism.54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.55.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.A)theuncertainB)thequantifiableC)anearthquakeD)unhealthyfoodPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriatenprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返还费用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.Whowillbetheretotreatthem?57.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.A)theinadequatetrainingofphysiciansB)thedecliningnumberofdoctorsC)theshrinkingprimarycareresourcesD)theever-risinghealthcarecosts58.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.A)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecureB)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsC)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthD)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter59.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertimeB)improvetheirexpertiseandserviceC)makevariousdealswithspecialistsnD)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality60.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.61.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.PartVCloze(5minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichmadeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.62.A)elevatingB)conveningC)launchingD)projecting63.A)signalsB)signsC)commercialsD)brandsn“Welitterersfordroppingthisfastfoodlitterthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshavepertinent(相关的)messagesforthefastfood.Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoretolitteringbytheircustomers.”HerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,placinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreducepackaging,headded.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)orotherforthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsatpointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereinManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookitsonlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackagingmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardtotheimpactoflitteroncommunities，itwas“stilldowntothecustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognisedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,havingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptheissue.64.A)condemnB)refuteC)uncoverD)disregard65.A)aroundB)towardC)inD)off66.A)industryB)careerC)professionD)vocation67.A)excludeB)discourageC)suppressD)retreat68.A)incorporatingB)includingC)comprisingD)containing69.A)unreliableB)unrelatedC)unimportantD)unnecessary70.A)forB)aboutC)withD)to71.A)accessoriesB)meritsC)incentivesD)dividends72.A)curiousB)mysteriousC)strangeD)strategic73.A)narratorB)spokesmanC)mediatorD)broker74.A)inseasonB)atriskC)offhandD)underway75.A)responsibilityB)liabilityC)commissionD)administration76.A)aroundB)byC)onD)above77.A)divertB)minimizeC)degradeD)suspend78.A)ifB)whetherC)soD)but79.A)individualB)concreteC)uniqueD)respective80.A)exceptB)withoutC)despiteD)via81.A)dealB)tackleC)copeD)disposePartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?—(这要看你多长时间穿一次).83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).84.Themanager(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawayforsomeurgentbusinessabroad.85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86.Much(我感到遗憾),Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.2009年12月大学英语六级考试答案（B卷）PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)n1.B)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking。2.C)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolution3.C)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere。4.B)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders。5.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservices6.D)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareof7.B)keephighlyqualifiedstaff8.homelife9.productive10.increaseherownproductivityPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad。12.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess。13.A)Theconcertisveryimpressive。14.B)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays。15.D)Stopforthenight。16.A)Surveyresults。17.D)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse。18.C)Thenoticemaynotbereliable。19.D)Amanageratacomputerstore。20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints。21.C)Shewantstobewithherhusband。22.D)Earlynextmonth。23.B)Itwillbeanajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury。24.D)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots。25.C)theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation。SectionB26.A)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenviromentalpollution。27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings。28.B)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup。29.D)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking。30.D)Theacceleratedpaceofgloblalisation。31.B)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture。32.C)Thelabourmarketisgettingglobalised。33.B)Brown-hairedwomenareratedasorecapabe。34.A)Theyareshrewddishonest。35.C)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences。SectionC36.derived37.immense38.convenient39.accuracy40.largely41.instinctn42.recalls43.texture44.Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwilloftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit。45.Theassociationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagoodlink。46.IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldsometimethatItalyisshapedlikeaboot。PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)47.adriver’sattention48.equivalentindifficultytodriving49.moretime50.carfulthinking/consideration51.punishing52.D)theshrinkingprimarycareresources53.C)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter54.A)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality55.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare56.D)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians57.B)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor。58.C)Aheateddebate。59.D)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve。60.D)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren。61.A)theunceertainPartVCloze(15minutes)62B)launching63D)brands64B)condemn65A)in66C)industry67B)exclude68D)including69C)unnecessary70C)to71B)incentives72C)strategic73A)spokesman74D)underway75B)responsibility76B)on77C)minimize78C)so79C)individual80A)despite81D)tacklePartVITranslationn(5minutes)82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearit83.tobeachallengetomanytraditionalconcepts84.couldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson(byhimself)85.balanceddietisessentialtohealth86.regretfuldidIfeel2009年6月英语六级考试真题与答案真题：PartIWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.有人说名字或名称很重要　　2.也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要　　3.我认为　　OntheImportanceofaName　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　HelicopterMomsvs.Free-RangeKidsWouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbackto"Longstoryshort:mysongothomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn’texpecttogethitwithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.　　“Longstoryshort:Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence,”SkenazywroteonApril4intheNewYorkSun.“Longstorylonger:HalfthepeopleI’vetoldthisepisodetonowwanttoturnoninforchildabuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It’snot.It’sdebilitating(使虚弱)—forusandforthem.”　　OnlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy’sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN(accompaniedbyherson)andonpopularblogslikethebuffingtonpost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined“MoreFromAmerica’sWorstMom.”　　Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.AreModernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?　　Fromthe“she’sanirresponsiblemother”campcame:“Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,”inCommentsonthebuffingtonpost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour:“Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidn’tcomehome?”ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe“helicopterparent”trend:“GoodforthisMom,”onecommenterwroteonthebuffingtonpost.“Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck.”　　Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog—FreeRange,kids—promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses—andevensubways—allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting.“AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsafekids.Webelieveincarseatsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedansecurityguard.”　　Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?Arecitiesandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?　　Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit’severbeen;it’sranked36thincrimeamongallAmericancities.Nationwide,stringerkidnapsareextremelyrare;there’saone-in-a-millionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25years’ago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.　　Thenthere’sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.PartoftheproblemisthatwithwalltowallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit’snotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren’stimeandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday’sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisetthemselvestoschool.　　Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andtheyareworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat’snotusedtopedestrians.Ontheotherhand,therearestillplentyofkidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms.“Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshavetotakethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheschools,”saysDr.RichardGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.　　Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorefreedom,there’snoclear-cutanswer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.What’srightforSkenazy’snine-year-oldcouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissue,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher.“Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild’slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild’sgeneraljudgmentshouldbeweighed.”　　GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone.“Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes.”　　Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidn’t:thecellphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn’tgiveherkidhercellphonebecauseshethoughthe’dloseitandwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingonmom—amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptrackoftheirkids.　　Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachild’severymovementviatheInternet—withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasthey’reonparole(假释).　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.WhenLenoreSkenazy’ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,he________.　　A．wasafraidthathemightgetlostn　　B．enjoyedhavingtheindependence　　C．wasonlytoopleasedtotaketherisk　　D．thoughthewasanexceptionalchild　　2.LenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatch　　A．hinderstheirhealthygrowth　　B．addstoomuchtoparents’expenses　　C．showstraditionalparentalcaution　　D．bucksthelatestparentingtrend　　3.Skenazy’sdecisiontolethersontaketheSubwayalonehasnetwith________.　　A．oppositionfromherownfamily　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　4.Skenazystartedherownblogto________.　　A．promotesensibleparenting　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　5.Accordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCity________.　　A．rankshighinroadaccidents　　B．ismuchsafethanbefore　　C．rankslowinchildmortalityrates　　D．islessdangerousthansmallcities　　6.Parentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids’safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecause________.　　A．therearenowfewerchildreninthefamily　　B．thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasbeenincreasing　　C．theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime　　D．crimerateshavebeenontheriseovertheyears　　7.Accordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependson________.　　A．thetraditionsandcustomsofthecommunity　　B．thesafetyconditionsoftheirneighborhood　　C．theirparents’psychologicalmakeup　　D．theirmaturityandpersonalqualities　　8.AccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfromUnsafesituations.　　9.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparents’Theiranxietyandcontrol.　　10.NowadayswiththehelpofGPScellphones,parentscan,fromadistance,tracktheirchildren’sMovements.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.A．Fredforgottocallhimlastnightaboutthecampingtrip.　　B．HeisnotgoingtolendhissleepingbagtoFred.　　C．HehasnotseenFredatthegymforsometime.　　D．Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.n　　12.A．Summerhasbecomehotterinrecentyears.　　B．Itwillcooldownabitovertheweekend.　　C．Swimminginapoolhasarelaxingeffect.　　D．Hehopestheweatherforecastisaccurate.　　13.A．TakingapictureofProf.Brown.　　B．Commentingonanoil-painting.　　C．HostingaTVprogram.　　D．Stagingaperformance.　　14.A．Shecanhelpthemantakecareoftheplants.　　B．Mostplantsgrowbetterindirectsunlight.　　C．Theplantsneedtobewateredfrequently.　　D．Theplantsshouldbeplacedinashadyspot.　　15.A．Changetoamoreexcitingchannel.　　B．Seethemoviesomeothertime.　　C．Gotobedearly.　　D．Stayuptilleleven.　　16.A．Bothofthemarelaymenofmodernart.　　B．Shehasbeamedtoappreciatemodemsculptures.　　C．Italianartists’worksaredifficulttounderstand.　　D．Modernartistsaregenerallyconsideredweird.　　17.A．Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone.　　B．Theyhavecalledallclubmemberstocontribute.　　C．Theythinkthedaycanbecalledamemorableone.　　D．Theyfindithardtoraisemoneyforthehospital.　　18.A．Themanshouldn’thesitatetotakethecourse.　　B．Themanshouldtalkwiththeprofessorfirst.　　C．Thecourseisn’topentoundergraduates.　　D．Thecoursewillrequirealotofreading.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A．Currenttrendsineconomicdevelopment.　　B．Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.　　C．StoriesaboutBritain’srelationswithothernations.　　D．Conflictsandcompromisesamongpoliticalparties.　　20.A．Basedonthepollofpublicopinions.　　B．Byinterviewingpeoplewhofilecomplaints.　　C．Byanalyzingthedomesticandinternationalsituation.　　D．Basedonpublicexpectationsandeditors’judgment.　　21.A．Underlyingrulesofediting.　　B．Practicalexperience.　　C．Audience’sfeedback.　　D．Professionalqualifications.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.A．Theaveragelifespanwaslessthan50years.　　B．Itwasverycommonforthemtohave12children.　　C．Theyretiredfromworkmuchearlierthantoday.n　　D．Theywerequiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.　　23.A．Getreadyforecologicalchanges.　　B．Adapttothenewenvironment.　　C．Learntousenewtechnology.　　D．Explorewaystostayyoung.　　24.A．Whenallwomengoouttowork.　　B．Whenfamilyplanningisenforced..　　C．Whenaworldgovernmentissetup.　　D．Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier.　　25.A．Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.　　B．Migratetootherplanets.　　C．Controltheenvironment.　　D．Findinexhaustibleresources.　　SectionB　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.A．Tohelpyoungpeopleimprovetheirdrivingskills.　　B．Toalertteenagerstothedangersofrecklessdriving.　　C．Toteachyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes.　　D．Toshowteensthepenaltiesimposedoncarelessdrivers.　　27.A．Roadaccidents.　　B．Streetviolence.　　C．Drugabuse.　　D．Lungcancer.　　28.A．Ithaschangedteens’wayoflife.　　B．Ithasmadeteensfeellikeadults.　　C．Ithasaccomplisheditsobjective.　　D．Ithasbeensupportedbyparents.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.A．Customersmaygetaddictedtothesmells.　　B．Customersmaybemisledbythesmells.　　C．Ithidesthedefectsofcertaingoods.　　D．Itgivesrisetounfaircompetition.　　30.A．Flexible.　　B．Critical.　　C．Supportive.　　D．Cautious.　　31.A．Theflowerscentstimulatedpeople’sdesiretobuy.　　B．Strongersmellshadgreatereffectsonconsumers.　　C．Mostshoppershatedthesmalltheshoestore.　　D．84%ofthecustomerswereunawareofthesmells.PassageThreenQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.A．Agoodstrainhitabuscarryingmanypassengers.　　B．Twopassengertrainscrashedintoeachother.　　C．Apassengertraincollidedwithagoodstrain.　　D．Anexpresstrainwasderailedwhenhitbyabomb.　　33.A．Therescueoperationshavenotbeenveryeffective.　　B．Morethan300injuredpassengerswerehospitalized.　　C．Thecauseofthetragicaccidentremainsunknown.　　D．Theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable.　　34.A．Therewasabombscare.　　B．Therewasaterroristattack.　　C．Afirealarmwassetoffbymistake.　　D．50poundsofexplosiveswerefound.　　35.A．Followpolicemen’sdirections.　　B．Keepaneyeweather.　　C．Avoidsnow-coveredroads.　　D．Drivewithspecialcare.　　SectionC　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Englishistheleadinginternationallanguage.Indifferentcountriesaroundtheglobe,Englishisacquiredasthemother(36)________,inothersit’susedasasecondlanguage.SomenationsuseEnglishastheir(37)________language,performingthefunctionof(38)________;inothersit’susedasaninternationallanguageforbusiness,(39)________andindustry.　　Whatfactorsandforceshaveledtothe(40)________ofEnglish?WhyisEnglishnowconsideredtobesoprestigiousthat,acrosstheglobe,individualsandsocietiesfeel(41)________iftheydonothave(42)________inthislanguage?HowhasEnglishchangedthrough1,500Years?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatyou(43)________whenyoustudyEnglish.　　YoualsoexaminetheimmensevariabilityofEnglishand(44)________.Youdevelopin-depthknowledgeoftheintricatestructureofthelanguage.Whydosomenon-nativespeakersofEnglishclaimthatit’sadifficultlanguagetolearn,while(45)________?AttheUniversityofSussex,youareintroducedtothenatureandgrammarofEnglishinallaspects.Thisinvolvesthestudyofsoundstructures,theformationofwords,thesequencingwordsandtheconstructionofmeaning,aswellasexaminationofthetheoriesexplainingtheaspectsofEnglishusage.(46)________,whichareraisedbystudyinghowspeakersandwritersemployEnglishforawidevarietyofpurposes.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　ThereisnothingnewaboutTVandfashionmagazinesgivinggirlsunhealthyideasabouthowthintheyneedtobeinordertobeconsideredbeautiful.WhatissurprisingisthemethodpsychologistsattheUniversityofTexashavecomeupwithtokeepgirlsfromdevelopingeatingdisorders.Theirmainweaponagainstsuperskinny(role)models:abrandofcivildisobediencedubbed“bodyactivism.”n　　Since2001,morethan1,000highschoolandcollegestudentsintheU.S.haveparticipatedintheBodyProject,whichworksbygettinggirlstounderstandhowtheyhavebeenbuyingintothenotionthatyouhavetobethintobehappyorsuccessful.Aftercritiquing(评论)theso-calledthinidealbywritingessaysandrole-playingwiththeirpeers,participantsaredirectedtocomeupwithandexecutesmall,nonviolentacts.Theyincludeslippingnotessaying“Loveyourbodythewayitis”intodietingbooksatstoreslikeBordersandwritingletterstoMattel,makersoftheimpossiblyproportionedBarbiedoll.　　AccordingtoastudyinthelatestissueoftheJournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,theriskofdevelopingeatingdisorderswasreduced61%amongBodyProjectparticipants.Andtheycontinuedtoexhibitpositivebody-imageattitudesaslongasthreeyearsaftercompletingtheprogram,whichconsists,offourone-hoursessions.Suchlastingeffectsmaybeduetogirls’realizingnotonlyhowtheywerebeinginfluencedbutalsowhowasbenefitingfromthesocietalpressuretobethin.“Thesepeoplewhopromotetheperfectbodyreallydon’tcareaboutyouatall,”saysKelseyHertel,ahighschooljuniorandBodyProjectveteraninEugene,Oregon.“Theypurposefullymakeyoufeellikelessofapersonsoyou’llbuytheirstuffandthey’llmakemoney.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Weredogirlsgetthenotionthattheyneedtobethininordertobeconsideredbeautiful?　　48.Bypromoting“bodyactivism,”UniversityofTexaspsychologistsaimtoprevent________.　　49.Accordingtotheauthor,Mattel’sBarbiedollsare________.　　50.ThepositiveeffectsoftheBodyProjectmaylastupto________.　　51.OneBodyProjectparticipantsaysthattherealmotiveofthosewhopromotetheperfectbodyisto________.　　SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.　　ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.　　Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.　　Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchnaffection.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.　　A．humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive　　B．effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout　　C．governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction　　D．marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction　　53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?　　A．Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.　　B．Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.　　C．Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.　　D．Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.　　54.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?　　A．Theirinadequatefoodsupply.　　B．Unregulatedcommercialfishing.　　C．Theirlowerreproductivelyability.　　D．Contaminationofseawater　　55.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?　　A．Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.　　B．Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.　　C．Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.　　D．Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.　　56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto________.　　A．persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles　　B．stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected　　C．callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival　　D．warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies　　PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.　　A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduateearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(报复性地)sincethe1980s.In2005,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.　　There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in2007-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.　　No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumernproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.　　Aswithautomobiles,consumersintoday’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld’shottestconsumertrend,maybeit’sbesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(混合动力汽车);anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?　　A．Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.　　B．Itdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.　　C．Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.　　D．Goingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.　　58.ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,________.　　A．enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversities　　B．thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduates　　C．competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantoday　　D．thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed　　59.Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan________.　　A．savemoreontuition　　B．receiveabettereducation　　C．takemoreliberal-artscourses　　D．avoidtravelinglongdistances　　60.Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents________.　　A．regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestment　　B．placeapremiumontheprestigeoftheCollege　　C．thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollege　　D．considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct　　61.Whatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?　　A．Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.　　B．Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheirbudgets.　　C．Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.　　D．Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　SomehistoriansaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(总统任期)inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa__62__project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman__63__asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower’sinterstatehighways__64__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__65__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless__66__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__67__libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__68__.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,__69__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.n　　TheInternethadits__70__ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which__71__AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto__72__information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__73__missionistopromotescience,tookover.　　ThisnewNSFnetwork__74__moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,mayof__75__hadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat__76__theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork__77__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.__78__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.　　SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructure(基础设施)onwhichweb__79__move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__80__researchnetwork.　　Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__81__an“informationsuperhighway.”　　62.A．conciseC．massiveB．radicalD．trivial　　63.A．behaviorsC．inventionsB．endeavorsD．elements　　64.A．packedC．suppressedB．stuckD．bound　　65.A．facilitatedC．mobilizedB．modifiedD．terminated　　66.A．competitiveC．exclusiveB．comparativeD．expensive　　67.A．mergesC．relaysB．connectsD．unifies　　68.A．figuresC．individualsB．personalitiesD．humans　　69.A．andC．orB．yetD．while　　70.A．samplesC．originsB．sourcesD．precedents　　71.A．stoodbyC．stoodagainstB．stoodforD．stoodover　　72.A．exchangeC．switchB．bypassD．interact　　73.A．theirC．whenB．thatD．whose　　74.A．expandedC．attractedB．contractedD．extended　　75.A．whatC．theseB．whichD．them　　76.A．joinedC．participatedB．attachedD．involved　　77.A．moreoverC．likewiseB．howeverD．then　　78.A．WithC．InB．ByD．As　　79.A．contextsC．messagesB．signsD．leaflets　　80.A．citizenC．amateurB．civilianD．resident　　81.A．intoC．overB．amidD．toward　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk________(说服他不买车).　　83.________(保持幽默有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety..　　84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,________(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).　　85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink________(一定有人在说他们坏话).　　86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).参考答案快速阅读：1B）enjoyedhavingtheindependencen2A）hinderstheirhealthygrowth3D）somewhatmixedresponses4A）promotesensibleparenting5B）ismuchsaferthanbefore6C）theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime7D）theirmaturityandpersonalqualities8unsafesituations9anxietyandcontrol10everymovement短对话11.D)Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.12.B)Itwillcooldownovertheweekend.13.C)HostingaTVprogram.14.D)Theplantsshouldbeputinashadyspot.15.C)Gotobedearly.16.B)Shehaslearnedtoappreciatemodernsculptures.17.A)Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone18.A)Themanshouldn'thesitatetotakethecourse长对话19B）Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.20D）Basedonpublicexpectation21D)Professionalqualification22A）Theiraveragelifespanwaslessthan5023C）learntousenowtechnology.24D)Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier25C）Controlenvironment短文听力26.B)toalertyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes27A)roadaccidents28.C)ithasaccomplisheditsobjective29B)customersmaybemisledbythesmells30B）critical31A）theflowerscentstimulatedpeople’sdesiretobuy32C）apassengertrainscollidedwithagoodstrain33D)theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable34A)therewasabombscare35D）drivewithspecialcare复合式听写36.tongue37.official38.administration39commerce40spread41disadvantaged42confidence43investigate44.cometounderstandhowitisusedasasymbolofbothindividualidentityandsocialconnectionn45.infantsbornintoEnglish-speakingcommunitiesacquiretheirlanguagebeforetheylearntousefolksandknives46.Youareencouragetodevelopyourownindividualresponsestovariouspracticalandtheoreticalissues阅读答案简答：47TVandfashionmagazines.48developingeatingdisorders49impossiblyproportioned50threeyears51makemoney仔细阅读：52B)effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout.53D)Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.54B)Unregulatedcommercialfishing.55A)Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.56C)callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival.57C)Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartingcosts.58D)Thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed59A)savemoreontuition60D)considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct61B)Asatisfyingexperiencewiththeirbudgets.完形：62.C.massive63.B.endeavors64.D.bound65.A.facilitated66.C.exclusive67.B.connects68.C.individuals69.A.and70.D.precedents71.B.stoodfor72.A.exchange73.Dwhose74.C.attract75.B.which76.A.joined77.D.then78.A.with79.C.messages80.B.civilian81.B.amid翻译：82.overhimnottobuyacar83.Keepingsenseofhumoriscontributiveto84.hehadnochoicebuttoconfesshisguilt85.someonemustarespeakingillofthem86.itdifficulttoresistthetemptationoficecreamn2009年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班2.对这种做法有人表示支持，也有人并不赞成3.我认为……ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BossesSay“Yes”toHomeWorkRisingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice—allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo—staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcounts(员工数)andtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon’thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries.Whilecompanymanagershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,scepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutnsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpensesteleworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstothebusiness.Yetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter-Telresearchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmall-and-medium-sizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtohaveintroducedflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthebusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces.Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingapieceofcake.“Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,”saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire.“Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis.”Oneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativeplansinplaceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading(伪装)asbusiness-friendlybroadband.“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.“Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested(拥堵的)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport.”Suchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessemailinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphoneservices.Internet-basedtelecoms,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicemailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.Bylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedtoaccommodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromotingteleworkingrecently.Thecompany,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基础设施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.MarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexplainsthatthecompanyhasarelativelyyoungworkforce,nmanyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatmaximumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkisclient-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday.”Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasupdatingitssystemsanyway,thecompanyspent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttothecompanynetworksandaccessalltheirusualresources.AlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetquantifiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedtelephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)poppingupallovertheplace,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,”headds.Thecompanywillalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingateleworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandinghercompany’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehostingcompany,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthecompany’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.Ithasenabledthecompanytodispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn’tneedthemanymore.“Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,emailandatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving￡16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A)Howbusinessmanagersviewhi-tech.B)Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees.C)Howtocutdownthecostsofsmallbusinesses.D)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking.n2.FromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-Tel,welearnthat.A)moreemployeesworktofullcapacityathomeB)employeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallbusinessesC)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolutionsD)attitudestowardITtechnologyhavechanged3.WhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyPoulton?A)Reducedcostoftelecommunications.B)Improvedreliabilityofinternetservice.C)AvailabilityoftheVoIPservice.D)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere.4.WhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetservices?A)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders.B)Theycontactproviderslocatednearesttothem.C)Theycarefullyexaminethecontract.D)Theycontractthecheapestprovider.5.Internet-basedtelecomsfacilitatesremoteworkingby__________.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservicesB)givingaccesstoemailinginrealtimeC)helpingclientsdiscussbusinessathomeD)providingcallscompletelyfreeofcharge6.TheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedteleworkinginitiallyinorderto__________.A)presentapositiveimagetoprospectivecustomersB)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareofC)attractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkforitD)reduceoperationalexpensesofasecondoffice7.AccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,teleworkingenabledthecompanyto__________.A)enhanceitsmarketimageB)reducerecruitmentcostsC)keephighlyqualifiedstaffD)minimiseitsofficespace8.WrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthecompanybuthelpsimproveemployees’.n9.Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe__________whiletraveling.10.SinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto__________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.D)Theydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.12.A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean’sposition.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.13.A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.14.A)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.B)TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.C)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.15.A)Cooktheirdinner.B)Restforawhile.C)Gettheircarfixed.D)Stopforthenight.16.A)Newly-launchedproducts.B)Consumerpreferences.C)Surveyresults.nD)Surveymethods.17.A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse.B)Thewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbow.C)Theinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysreliable.D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.18.A)Thecourseisopentoallnextsemester.B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.D)Hewilldrophiscourseinmarketing.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.B)Amanageratacomputerstore.C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.D)Developingcomputerprograms.21.A)Shelikessomethingmorechallenging.B)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.22.A)Rightaway.B)Intwomonths.C)Earlynextmonth.D)Inacoupleofdays.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.C)Itisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsago.D)Itwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.n24.A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.C)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.25.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.B)Thejobposedapotentialthreattoherhealth.C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.28.A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup.D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.29.A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.B)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.nPassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalisation.D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.31.A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.C)Sharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromothercultures.D)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.32.A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.B)Labormarketisgettingglobalised.C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.D)Globalisationwilleliminatemanyjobs.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintelligent.34.A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.C)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.D)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.35.A)Theyforcepeopletofollowtheculturalmainstream.B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,younarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.ThenameisfromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasanasset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewerenodevicesfortakingnotes,andearlyGreekorators(演说家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreatbecausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryisanassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.Theyourbrainregisterstheword“apple”,ittheshape,color,taste,smellandofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”..Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory..AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationusingaspeakerphone.AsKunarandHorowitzreport,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7metrestothebrakingdistanceofacartravellingat100kph.Theyalsofoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83%moreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.Totrytounderstandmoreaboutwhythiswas,theytriedtwofurthertests.Inone,membersofagroupwereaskedsimplytorepeatwordsspokenbythecaller.Intheother,theyhadtothinkofawordthatbeganwiththelastletterofthewordtheyhadjustheard.Thoseonlyrepeatingwordsperformedthesameasthosewithnodistraction,butthosewiththemorecomplicatedtaskshowedevenworsenreactiontimes—anaverageof480millisecondsextradelay.Thisshowsthatwhenpeoplehavetoconsidertheinformationtheyhearcarefully,itcanimpairtheirdrivingabilitysignificantly.Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.47.Carryingonamobilephoneconversationwhileoneisdrivingisconsidereddangerousbecauseitseriouslydistracts.48.Intheexperiments,thetwogroupsofvolunteerswereaskedtohandleaseriesofmovingtaskswhichwereconsidered.49.Resultsoftheexperimentsshowthatthosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecalltooktoreactthanthosewhowerenot.50.Furtherexperimentsrevealthatparticipantstendtorespondwithextradelayiftheyarerequiredtodo.51.Theauthorbelievespersuasion,ratherthan,mightbetheonlywaytostoppeoplefromusingmobilephoneswhiledriving.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鸣得意的）greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活跃分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingnscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.52.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?A)Aheateddebate.B)Popularsupport.C)Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcriticism.54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.55.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.n56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.A)theuncertainB)thequantifiableC)anearthquakeD)unhealthyfoodPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返还费用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.Whowillbetheretotreatthem?n57.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.A)theinadequatetrainingofphysiciansB)thedecliningnumberofdoctorsC)theshrinkingprimarycareresourcesD)theever-risinghealthcarecosts58.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.A)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecureB)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsC)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthD)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter59.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertimeB)improvetheirexpertiseandserviceC)makevariousdealswithspecialistsD)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality60.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.61.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.PartVCloze(5minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadninvestigatedwhichmadeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.62.A)elevatingB)conveningC)launchingD)projecting63.A)signalsB)signsC)commercialsD)brandsn“Welitterersfordroppingthisfastfoodlitterthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshavepertinent(相关的)messagesforthefastfood.Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoretolitteringbytheircustomers.”HerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,placinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreducepackaging,headded.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)orotherforthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsatpointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereinManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookitsonlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackagingmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardtotheimpactoflitteroncommunities，itwas“stilldowntothecustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognisedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,havingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptheissue.64.A)condemnB)refuteC)uncoverD)disregard65.A)aroundB)towardC)inD)off66.A)industryB)careerC)professionD)vocation67.A)excludeB)discourageC)suppressD)retreat68.A)incorporatingB)includingC)comprisingD)containing69.A)unreliableB)unrelatedC)unimportantD)unnecessary70.A)forB)aboutC)withD)to71.A)accessoriesB)meritsC)incentivesD)dividends72.A)curiousB)mysteriousC)strangeD)strategic73.A)narratorB)spokesmanC)mediatorD)broker74.A)inseasonB)atriskC)offhandD)underway75.A)responsibilityB)liabilityC)commissionD)administration76.A)aroundB)byC)onD)above77.A)divertB)minimizeC)degradeD)suspend78.A)ifB)whetherC)soD)but79.A)individualB)concreteC)uniqueD)respective80.A)exceptB)withoutC)despiteD)via81.A)dealB)tackleC)copeD)disposePartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?—(这要看你多长时间穿一次).83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).n84.Themanager(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawayforsomeurgentbusinessabroad.85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86.Much(我感到遗憾),Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.2009年12月大学英语六级考试答案（B卷）PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)1.B)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking。2.C)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolution3.C)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere。4.B)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders。5.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservices6.D)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareof7.B)keephighlyqualifiedstaff8.homelife9.productive10.increaseherownproductivityPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad。12.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess。n13.A)Theconcertisveryimpressive。14.B)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays。15.D)Stopforthenight。16.A)Surveyresults。17.D)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse。18.C)Thenoticemaynotbereliable。19.D)Amanageratacomputerstore。20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints。21.C)Shewantstobewithherhusband。22.D)Earlynextmonth。23.B)Itwillbeanajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury。24.D)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots。25.C)theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation。SectionB26.A)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenviromentalpollution。27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings。28.B)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup。29.D)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking。30.D)Theacceleratedpaceofgloblalisation。31.B)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture。32.C)Thelabourmarketisgettingglobalised。33.B)Brown-hairedwomenareratedasorecapabe。n34.A)Theyareshrewddishonest。35.C)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences。SectionC36.derived37.immense38.convenient39.accuracy40.largely41.instinct42.recalls43.texture44.Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwilloftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit。45.Theassociationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagoodlink。46.IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldsometimethatItalyisshapedlikeaboot。PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)47.adriver’sattention48.equivalentindifficultytodriving49.moretime50.carfulthinking/consideration51.punishing52.D)theshrinkingprimarycareresourcesn53.C)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter54.A)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality55.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare56.D)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians57.B)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor。58.C)Aheateddebate。59.D)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve。60.D)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren。61.A)theunceertainPartVCloze(15minutes)62B)launching63D)brands64B)condemn65A)in66C)industry67B)exclude68D)including69C)unnecessary70C)to71B)incentives72C)strategic73A)spokesmann74D)underway75B)responsibility76B)on77C)minimize78C)so79C)individual80A)despite81D)tacklePartVITranslation(5minutes)82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearit83.tobeachallengetomanytraditionalconcepts84.couldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson(byhimself)85.balanceddietisessentialtohealth86.regretfuldidIfeel注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。10年6月历年大学英语六级真题及答案PartIWriting(30minutes)　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofnDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；　　2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；　　3.我认为…　　DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans　　AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.　　"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."　　White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."　　Stinginthetail　　AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.　　Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.　　TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.　　Dramaticshift　　Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.　　Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.　　Lingeringracism　　IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.　　InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamntested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.　　Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.　　Dropinbias　　BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.　　Talkinghonestly　　"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.　　Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.　　Hugeobstacles　　Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteractthenObama'seffect,shesays.　　ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."　　ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.　　Beyondrace　　Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?　　AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?　　A)Excited.　　B)Victorious.　　C)Anxious.　　D)Relieved.　　2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether______.　　A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegree　　B)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife　　C)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers　　D)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent　　3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?n　　A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.　　B)Thepowerofrolemodels.　　C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.　　D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.　　4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.　　A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection　　B)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged　　C)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks　　D)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests　　5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?　　A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.　　B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.　　C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.　　D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.　　6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.　　A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies　　B)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain　　C)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality　　D)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans　　7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.　　A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential　　B)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence　　C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety　　D)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation　　8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton______.　　9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's______.　　10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.　　nPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.　　A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.　　B)Thewomanhasapoormemory.　　C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.　　D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.　　12.　　A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.　　B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.　　C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.　　D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.　　13.　　A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.　　B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.　　C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.　　D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.　　14.　　A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.　　B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.　　C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.　　D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.n　　15.　　A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.　　B)GoseeDaisyimmediately.　　C)ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone.　　D)BuyDaisyanewnotebook.　　16.　　A)Batteries.　　B)Gardentools.　　C)Cameras.　　D)Lightbulbs.　　17.　　A)Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether.　　B)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.　　C)Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.　　D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.　　18.　　A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.　　B)Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.　　C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.　　D)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.　　A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.　　B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.　　C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.　　D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.　　20.　　A)Theyhateexams.　　B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge.　　C)Theyarealladults.n　　D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.　　21.　　A)Difficultbutrewarding.　　B)Variedandinteresting.　　C)Time-consumingandtiring.　　D)Demandingandfrustrating.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.　　A)Interviewingamovingstar.　　B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.　　C)Hostingatelevisionshow.　　D)Reviewinganewbiography.　　23.　　A)Helosthismother.　　B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.　　C)Hemissedhisaunt.　　D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.　　24.　　A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.　　B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.　　C)HehostedtalkshowsonTV.　　D)HeplayedaroleinEastofEden.　　25.　　A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.　　B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.　　C)HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies.　　D)Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).nThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　26.　　A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.　　B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.　　C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.　　D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.　　27.　　A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.　　B)HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.　　C)HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.　　D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.　　28.　　A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.　　B)Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened.　　C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.　　D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.　　29.　　A)Sunny.　　B)Rainy.　　C)Windy.　　D)Cloudy.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.　　A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.　　B)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.　　C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.n　　D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.　　31.　　A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.　　B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.　　C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.　　D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.　　32.　　A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.　　B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.　　C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.　　D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.　　A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.　　B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.　　C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.　　D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.　　34.　　A)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.　　B)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.　　C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.　　D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.　　35.　　A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.　　B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.　　C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.　　D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadfornthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(36)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(37)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(39)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.　　The(40)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)______bylackoflanguage.　　Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(44)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(45)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)________________________________________________.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.n　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)?　　Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.　　Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.　　Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch."　　Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.　　Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______.n　　48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencouragelearning.　　49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______.　　50.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______.　　51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______.　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.　　TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.　　AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatencarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."　　Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?　　A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.　　B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.　　C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.　　D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.　　53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?　　A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.　　B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.　　C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.　　D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.　　54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?　　A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.　　B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.　　C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.　　D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.n　　55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?　　A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth　　B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents　　C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.　　D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.　　56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?　　A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.　　B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.　　C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.　　D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?　　ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingnconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfrom　now"tomakesenseoftheworld.　　HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?　　A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.　　B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.　　C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.　　D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.　　58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?　　A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.　　B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.　　C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.　　D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.　　59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?　　A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.　　B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.　　C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.　　D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.　　60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessornHenryFlores?　　A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.　　B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.　　C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.　　D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.　　61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?　　A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.　　B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.　　C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.　　D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Anewstudyfoundthatinner-citykidslivinginneighborhoodswithmoregreenspacegainedabout13%lessweightoveratwo-yearperiodthankidslivingamidmoreconcreteandfewertrees.Such__62__tellapowerfulstory.Theobesityepidemicbeganinthe1980s,andmanypeople__63__ittoincreasedportionsizesandinactivity,butthatcan'tbeeverything.FastfoodsandTVshavebeen__64__usforalongtime."Mostexpertsagreethatthechangeswere__65__tosomethingintheenvironment,"sayssocialepidemiologistThomasGlassofTheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Thatsomethingcouldbea__66__ofthegreen.　　Thenewresearch,__67__intheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,isn'tthefirsttoassociategreenerywithbetterhealth,butitdoesgetuscloser__68__identifyingwhatworksandwhy.Atitsmoststraightforward,agreenneighborhood__69__meansmoreplacesforkidstoplay–whichis__70__sincetimespentoutdoorsisoneofthestrongestcorrelatesofchildren'sactivitylevels.Butgreenspaceisgoodforthemind__71__:researchbyenvironmentalpsychologistshasshownthatithascognitive__72__forchildrenwithattention-deficitdisorder.nInonestudy,justreading__73__inagreensettingimprovedkids'symptoms.　　__74__tograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedto__75__stressandalowerbodymassindex(体重指数)amongadults.Andan__76__of3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevity(长寿)amongseniorcitizens.　　Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon't__77__proveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey'renonethelesshelpingspuraction.InSeptembertheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives__78__thedelightfullynamedNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposingkidstotheoutdoors.　　Findinggreenspaceisnot__79__easy,andyoumayhavetoworkabittogetyourfamilyalittlegrassandtrees.Ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,take__80__ofwhat'sthere.Yourchildreninparticularwillloveit–andtheirbodiesandmindswillbe__81__toyou.　　62.　　A)findingsB)thesesC)hypothesesD)abstracts　　63.　　A)adaptB)attributeC)allocateD)alternate　　64.　　A)amongstB)alongC)besideD)with　　65.　　A)gluedB)relatedC)trackedD)appointed　　66.　　A)scrapingB)denyingC)depressingD)shrinking　　67.　　A)publishedB)simulatedC)illuminatedD)circulated　　68.　　A)atB)toC)forD)over　　69.　　A)fullyB)simplyC)seriouslyD)uniquely　　70.　　A)vitalB)casualC)fatalD)subtle　　71.　　A)stillB)alreadyC)tooD)yet　　72.　　A)benefitsB)profitsC)revenuesD)awards　　73.　　A)outwardB)apartC)asideD)outside　　74.　　A)ImmunityB)ReactionC)ExposureD)Addiction　　75.　　A)muchB)lessC)moreD)littlen　　76.　　A)installmentB)expeditionC)analysisD)option　　77.　　A)curiouslyB)negativelyC)necessarilyD)comfortably　　78.　　A)relievedB)delegatedC)approvedD)performed　　79.　　A)merelyB)alwaysC)mainlyD)almost　　80.　　A)advantageB)exceptionC)measureD)charge　　81.　　A)elevatedB)mercifulC)contentedD)grateful　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.__________________(他们的独生儿子从未想过)toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.　　83.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto__________________(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).　　84.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances__________________(他会违背还钱的承诺).　　85.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids__________________(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).　　86.Businessmajorasheis,hehas__________________(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).[本文转载自:[url=http://www.cet6.net]英语六级考试网[/url]10年6月历年大学英语六级真题答案PartII快速阅读1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama’svictoryintheelection”D)nRelieved.2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether________.B)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant’sstudy?B)Thepowerofrolemodels.4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat________.D)Obama’ssuccessimpactedblacks’performanceinlanguagetests5.WhatdoBrianNosek’spreliminaryresultssuggest?A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat________.C)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstanlyremindedthat________.C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffectonourviewsofwomen.9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople’spoliticalsentiment.10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldingorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracialsterotypes.PartIII听力理解SectionA11.   A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.12.   C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.13.   D)ItisnotagoodideatobuythenT-shirt.14.   B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.15.   A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.16.   A)Batteries.17.   D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.18.   A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.19.   D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.20.   C)Theyarealladults.21.   B)Variedandinteresting.22.   C)Hostingatelevisionshow.23.   A)Helosthismother.24.   B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.25.   B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.SectionB26.   C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.27.   A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.28.   A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.29.   B)Rainy.30.   C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.31.   B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.32.   C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.33.   D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.34.   D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.35.   D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.SectionC(36)intelligent(37)foundations(38)romantic(39)reflects(40)profound(41)dramatically(42)deprived(43)hindered(44)researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolationislinkedtostress,disease,andearlyndeath(45)Agroupofresearchersrevealscoresofstudiesthattracetherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers(46)lonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmorevulnerabletoarangeofminerandmajorillnessesPartIV深度阅读SectionA47.ahighergradethathishardworkdeserved48.selectherownmethodofgrading49.improving/progressing50.effortandaccomplishment51.discusshisconcernsSectionBPassage152. Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.53. Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.nD)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.54. WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.55. WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth.B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.56. Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.Passage257. WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.58. WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?nA)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.59. WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.60. Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.61. WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.PartV完形填空62    A63    B64    D65    B66 n   D67    A68    B69    B70    A71    C72    A73    D74    C75    B76    C77    C78    C79    B80    A81    DPartVI翻译82.Theironlysonhasneverthought83.weighyourdecisionagainstanypotentialnegativeconsequences84.wouldhebreakhispromiseofpayingbackthemoney85.shouldnotabandonthemselvestocomputergames/shouldnotindulgethemselvesincomputergames86.neverconsideredengaginghimselfinsaleswork2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题（附听力原文）PartIWriting(30minutes)Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewsonUniversityRanking.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.目前高校排名相当盛行;　　2.对于这种做法人们看法不一;　　3.在我看来……MyViewsonUniversityRankingnPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.IntotheUnknown　　Theworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.Canitcope?　　Untiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.　　Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.　　Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.　　Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.　　Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.　　Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlynbecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.　　Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwesternEuropeforabout90%.　　Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslabourforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.　　Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年轻)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.　　Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowlybecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumberthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.　　Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.　　Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.　　Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorenreluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地缘政治上).　　Askmein2020　　Thereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.　　Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.“　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.Inits1994report,theWorldBankarguedthatthecurrentpensionsysteminmostcountriescould______.　　[A]notbesustainedinthelongterm　　[B]furtheracceleratetheageingprocess　　[C]hardlyhaltthegrowthofpopulation　　[D]helptideoverthecurrentageingcrisis　　2.WhatmessageisconveyedinbookslikeYoungvsOld?　　[A]Thegenerationgapisboundtonarrow.　　[B]Intergenerationalconflictswillintensify.　　[C]Theyoungergenerationwillbeattheold.　　[D]Oldpeopleshouldgivewaytotheyoung.　　3.Onereasonwhypensionandhealthcarereformsareslowincomingisthat______.　　[A]nobodyiswillingtosacrificetheirownintereststotackletheproblem　　[B]mostpeopleareagainstmeasuresthatwillnotbearfruitimmediately　　[C]theproposedreformswillaffecttoomanypeople’sinterests　　[D]politiciansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection　　4.Theauthorbelievesthemosteffectivemethodtosolvethepensioncrisisisto______.　　[A]allowpeopletoworklonger[C]cutbackonhealthcareprovisions　　[B]increasetaxrevenues[D]startreformsrightaway　　5.Thereasonwhyemployersareunwillingtokeepolderworkersisthat______.　　[A]theyaregenerallydifficulttomanage　　[B]thelongertheywork,thehighertheirpension　　[C]theirpayishigherthanthatofyoungerones　　[D]youngerworkersarereadilyavailablen　　6.Tocompensateforthefast-shrinkinglabourforce,Japanwouldneed______.　　[A]toreviseitscurrentpopulationcontrolpolicy　　[B]largenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas　　[C]toautomateitsmanufacturingandserviceindustries　　[D]apoliticallyfeasiblepolicyconcerningpopulation　　7.Whydomanywomeninrichcountriescompromisebyhavingonlyonechild?　　[A]Smallfamiliesarebecomingmorefashionable.　　[B]Theyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.　　[C]Itistooexpensivetosupportalargefamily.　　[D]Childcareistoobigaproblemforthem.　　8.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiesarelessinclinedto______________________________.　　9.Thepredictedintergenerationalwarfareisunlikelybecausemostoftheolderpeoplethemselves_________________________.　　10.Countriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtocommitthemto____________________________.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.[A]Themanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding.　　[B]Thewomanisverygoodatbargaining.　　[C]Thewomanwillgettheapartmentrefurnished.　　[D]Themanislookingforanapartment.　　12.[A]Howthepictureswillturnout.[C]Whatthemanthinksoftheshots.　　[B]Wherethebotanicalgardenis.[D]Whythepicturesarenotready.　　13.[A]Thereisnoreplacementforthehandle.　　[B]Thereisnomatchforthesuitcase.　　[C]Thesuitcaseisnotworthfixing.　　[D]Thesuitcasecanbefixedintime.　　14.[A]Heneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.　　[B]Hehasafairlylargecollectionofqualitytrucks.　　[C]Hehashadhistruckadaptedforcoldtemperatures.　　[D]Hedoesroutinetruckmaintenanceforthewoman.　　15.[A]Shecannotstandherboss’sbadtemper.　　[B]Shehasoftenbeencriticizedbyherboss.　　[C]Shehasmadeuphermindtoresign.　　[D]Sheneverregretsanydecisionsshemakes.　　16.[A]Lookforashirtofamoresuitablecolorandsize.n　　[B]Replacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.　　[C]Visitadifferentstoreforasilkorcottonshirt.　　[D]Getadiscountontheshirtsheisgoingtobuy.　　17.[A]Ata“LostandFound”.[C]Atatradefair.　　[B]Atareceptiondesk.[D]Atanexhibition.　　18.[A]Repairitandmovein.[C]Convertitintoahotel.　　[B]Passitontohisgrandson.[D]Sellitforagoodprice.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.[A]Uniquedescriptiveskills.[C]Colourfulworldexperiences.　　[B]Goodknowledgeofreaders’tastes.[D]Carefulplottingandclueing.　　20.[A]Apeacefulsetting.[C]Tobeintherightmood.　　[B]Aspaciousroom.[D]Tobeentirelyalone.　　21.[A]Theyrelyheavilyontheirownimagination.　　[B]Theyhaveexperiencessimilartothecharacters’.　　[C]Theylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.　　[D]Theyareoverwhelmedbytheirownprejudices.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.[A]Goodorbad,theyaretheretostay.　　[B]Likeitornot,youhavetousethem.　　[C]Believeitornot,theyhavesurvived.　　[D]Gainorlose,theyshouldbemodernised.　　23.[A]Thefrequenttraindelays.[C]Thefoodsoldonthetrains.　　[B]Thehightrainticketfares.[D]ThemonopolyofBritishRailways.　　24.[A]Thelowefficiencyoftheiroperation.　　[B]Competitionfromothermodesoftransport.　　[C]Constantcomplaintsfrompassengers.　　[D]Thepassingofthenewtransportact.　　25.[A]Theywillbede-nationalised.[C]Theyarefastdisappearing.　　[B]Theyprovideworseservice.[D]Theylosealotofmoney.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.[A]ThewholeAntarcticregionwillbesubmerged.　　[B]Somepolaranimalswillsoonbecomeextinct.　　[C]Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.　　[D]Theearthwillexperienceextremeweathers.　　27.[A]Howhumansaretocopewithglobalwarming.　　[B]HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.n　　[C]Howvulnerablethecoastalcitiesare.　　[D]Howpolariceimpactsglobalweather.　　28.[A]Itcollapsedatleastonceinthepast1.3millionyears.　　[B]Itsitsfirmlyonsolidrockatthebottomoftheocean.　　[C]Itmeltedattemperaturesabithigherthanthoseoftoday.　　[D]Itwillhavelittleimpactonsealevelwhenitbreaksup.　　29.[A]TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceanopenocean.　　[B]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasabout7,000feetthick.　　[C]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasoncefloatingice.　　[D]TheWestAntarcticregionusedtobewarmerthantoday.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.[A]WhetherwecandevelopsocialtiesontheInternet.　　[B]Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.　　[C]Whetherourblogscanbereneweddaily.　　[D]Whetherwecansetupourownwebsites.　　31.[A]Thenumberofvisitstheyreceive.[C]Thefilestheyhavecollected.　　[B]Thewaytheystoredata.[D]Themeanstheyusetogetinformation.　　32.[A]Whenthesystemisdown.[C]WhentheURLisreused.　　[B]Whennewlinksaresetup.[D]Whentheserverisrestarted.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.[A]Someicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.　　[B]Icedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsarecontaminated.　　[C]Drinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseobesity.　　[D]Somebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulsubstances.　　34.[A]Havesomefreshfruit.[C]Takeahotshower.　　[B]Exerciseatthegym.[D]Eatahotdinner.　　35.[A]Theycouldenjoyahappierfamilylife.　　[B]Theycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkefficiency.　　[C]Manycancercasescouldbeprevented.　　[D]Manyembarrassingsituationscouldbeavoided.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。　　Psychologistsarefindingthathopeplaysasurprisinglyvitalroleingivingpeopleameasurableadvantageinrealmsas(36)_____________asacademicnachievement,bearingupintoughjobsandcopingwith(37)______________illness.And,bycontrast,thelossofhopeisturningouttobeastrongersignthatapersonmay(38)______________suicidethanotherfactorslongthoughttobemorelikelyrisks.　　“Hopehasprovenapowerfulpredictorof(39)______________ineverystudywe’vedonesofar,”saidDr.CharlesR.Snyder,apsychologistwhohasdeviseda(40)______________toassesshowmuchhopeapersonhas.　　Forexample,inresearchwith3,920collegestudents,Dr.Snyderandhis(41)______________foundthatthelevelofhopeamongfreshmenatthebeginningoftheirfirstsemesterwasamore(42)______________predictoroftheircollegegradesthanweretheirS.A.T.scoresortheirgradepoint(43)______________inhighschool,thetwomeasuresmostcommonlyusedtopredictcollegeperformance.　　(44)”___________________________________________________________________________________________,”Dr.Snydersaid.“Whenyoucomparestudentsofequivalentintelligenceandpastacademicachievements,whatsetsthemapartishope.”　　Indevisingawaytoassesshopescientifically,Dr.Snyder(45)________________________　　_______________________________.“Thatnotionisnotconcreteenough,anditblurstwokeycomponentsofhope,”Dr.Snydersaid.(46)”_____________________________________________________________________.”　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Mostyoungboysaretrainedtobelievethatmenshouldbestrong,tough,cool,anddetached.Thus,theylearnearlytohidevulnerableemotionssuchaslove,joy,andsadnessbecausetheybelievethatsuchfeelingsarefeminineandimplyweakness.Overtime,somemenbecomestrangerstotheirownemotionallives.Itseemsthatmenwithtraditionalviewsofmasculinityaremorelikelytosuppressoutwardemotionsandtofearemotions,supposedlybecausesuchfeelingsmayleadtoalossofcomposure(镇定).Keepinmind,however,thatthisviewischallengedbysomeresearchers.Aswithmanygendergaps,differencesinemotionalitytendtobesmall,inconsistent,anddependentonthesituation.Forinstance,Robertsonandcolleaguesfoundthatmaleswhoweremoretraditionallymasculineweremoreemotionallyexpressiveinastructuredexercisethanwhentheyweresimplyaskedtotalkabouttheiremotions.　　Males’difficultywith“tender”emotionshasseriousconsequences.First,suppressedemotionscancontributetostress-relateddisorders.Andworse,menarenlesslikelythanwomentoseekhelpfromhealthprofessionals.Second,men’semotionalinexpressivenesscancauseproblemsintheirrelationshipswithpartnersandchildren.Forexample,menwhoendorsetraditionalmasculinenormsreportlowerrelationshipsatisfaction,asdotheirfemalepartners.Further,childrenwhosefathersarewarm,loving,andacceptingtowardthemhavehigherself-esteemandlowerratesofaggressionandbehaviorproblems.Onapositivenote,fathersareincreasinglyinvolvingthemselveswiththeirchildren.And30percentoffathersreportthattheytakeequalorgreaterresponsibilityfortheirchildrenthantheirworkingwivesdo.　　Oneemotionmalesareallowedtoexpressisanger.Sometimesthisangertranslatesintophysicalaggressionorviolence.Mencommitnearly90percentofviolentcrimesintheUnitedStatesandalmostallsexualassaults.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Mostyoungboyshavebeentrainedtobelievethatmenwhoshowtenderfeelingsareconsideredtobe______________.　　48.Somemenbelievethatiftheyexpressedtheiremotionsopenlytheymight______________.　　49.Accordingtotheauthor,menwhosuppresstheiremotionsmaydevelop______________.　　50.Menwhoobservetraditionalmasculinenormsaresaidtoderivelesssatisfactionfrom______________.　　51.Whenmalesgetangry,theycanbecome______________orevencommitviolence.　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.n　　IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.　　Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(资质)formostnonacademiccareers.　　UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished(贫困的)withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.　　Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould_______.[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople’slivingstandards[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation’ssocialprogress　　53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarⅡ?　　[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.　　[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.　　[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.　　[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.　　54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?n　　[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.　　[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.　　[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.　　[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.　　55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?　　[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.　　[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.　　56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?　　[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.　　[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.　　[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.　　[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.　　ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.　　ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.　　Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.　　Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.　　“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.　　Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.　　Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.　　“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”n　　EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.　　“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”　　PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.　　Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?　　“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?　　[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.　　[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.　　[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.　　[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.　　58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?　　[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.　　[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.　　[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.　　[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.　　59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?　　[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.　　[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.　　[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.　　[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.　　60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?　　[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.　　[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.　　[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.　　[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.　　61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.　　[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations　　[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles　　[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations　　[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.n　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　America’smostpopularnewspaperwebsitetodayannouncedthattheeraoffreeonlinejournalismisdrawingtoaclose.TheNewYorkTimeshasbecomethebiggestpublisheryetto62plansforapaywallarounditsdigitaloffering,63theacceptedpracticethatinternetuserswillnotpayfornews.　　Struggling64anevaporationofadvertisingandadownwarddriftinstreetcornersales,TheNewYorkTimes65tointroducea“metered”modelatthebeginningof2011.Readerswillberequiredtopaywhentheyhave66asetnumberofitsonlinearticlespermonth.　　Thedecisionputsthe159-year-oldnewspaper67thechargingsideofanincreasinglywidechasm(鸿沟)inthemediaindustry.Butothers,includingtheGuardian,havesaidtheywillnot68internetreaders,andcertainpapers,69London’sEveningStandard,havegonefurtherinabandoningreadershiprevenuebymakingtheirprinteditions70.　　TheNewYorkTimes’spublisher,ArthurSulzberger,71thatthemoveisagamble:“Thisisa72,toacertaindegree,inwherewethinkthewebisgoing.”　　Boastingaprint73of995,000onweekdaysand1.4milliononSundays,TheNewYorkTimesisthethirdbestsellingAmericannewspaper,74theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday.75mostUSpapersfocusonasinglecity,TheNewYorkTimesisamongthefewthatcan76nationalscope—aswellas16bureausintheNewYorkarea,ithas11officesaroundtheUSand7726bureauselsewhereintheworld.　　But78manyinthepublishingindustry,thepaperisinthegripofa79financialcrisis.Itsparentcompany,theNewYorkTimesCompany,has15papers,but80alossof$70millionintheninemonthstoSeptemberandrecentlyaccepteda$250million81fromaMexicanbillionaire,CarlosSlim,tostrengthenitsbalancesheet.　　62.[A]setin[C]carryover　　[B]setout[D]carryaway　　63.[A]abusing[C]developing　　[B]deducting[D]abandoning　　64.[A]with[C]along　　[B]beside[D]by　　65.[A]engages[C]deliberates　　[B]intends[D]signifies　　66.[A]exceeded[C]assumed　　[B]multiplied[D]revealed　　67.[A]on[C]over　　[B]of[D]up　　68.[A]cost[C]expend　　[B]consume[D]charge　　69.[A]asfor[C]suchas　　[B]farfrom[D]byfar　　70.[A]reliable[C]applicable　　[B]free[D]easyn　　71.[A]resisted[C]acknowledged　　[B]certified[D]appealed　　72.[A]net[C]bet　　[B]kit[D]pit　　73.[A]evaluation[C]circulation　　[B]expansion[D]dimension　　74.[A]behind[C]before　　[B]against[D]within　　75.[A]If[C]Hence　　[B]While[D]Because　　76.[A]ascend[C]lengthen　　[B]announce[D]claim　　77.[A]contributes[C]maintains　　[B]disposes[D]encounters　　78.[A]like[C]from　　[B]beyond[D]through　　79.[A]heavy[C]rough　　[B]crude[D]serious　　80.[A]targeted[C]suffered　　[B]suspended[D]tolerated　　81.[A]asset[C]account　　[B]bill[D]loan　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou__________________________________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.　　83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties_____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).　　84.Much_________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶),theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.　　85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).　　86.I____________________________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.2010年12月英语六级考试答案(考试吧版)版本一：　　PartⅠ　　WritingMyViewonUniversityRanking　　Inrecentyears,allkindsofUniversityRankingListscanbefoundonsomeneducationalwebsites,ornewspapers.Therankingstandardsalsovary.Theselistshavegreatinfluenceonstudents.Theyareevenbecomingtheonlyscaletoevaluatethecollegesanduniversities.　　Peopleholddifferentviewstowardthisphenomenon.Somebelievethattheselistshelpthestudentsalot,especiallyforthosewhowillchoosetheiruniversity.Whilesomeotherprotestvigorously.Intheirpoints,thelistisreallyridiculousandharmful.Inmyview,theuniversityrankingmayhaveitsownreferencevalues,butitsdisadvantagesoverweighitsvalues.　　Forthoseuniversity-students-to-be,theyaresupposedtochoosetheschoolaccordingtohisorherownsituation,butnottheso-calledRankingList.What’smore,howabouttheuniversitystudents?Howdotheyfeelaboutthemselveswhentheyseetheranking?Thelistmaybecomesomeintangibleshacklesforthemiftheirownschoolrankspoorly.　　Inanutshell,thereisnoeasymethodtoranktheseuniversities,buttheRanking,onlyhelpsstudentsignoretheessentials,namely,theirninety-ninepercentperspiration.　　此次六级作文的自由度很大，看似给出了提纲，实际上具体的观点全靠个人发挥。第一段需要点明大学排名这个现象，第二段需要铺陈不同人的观点，第三段要陈述自己的观点。　　大学排名这个题目，实际上涉及到了对了大学的理解，对于大学排名标准的理解，以及对于大学排名的目的的理解。而这件事更加离不开中国具体的国情，新中国50年代人至今受教育的情况，90后择校的情况，目前大学的情况，考生发挥的空间可以纵横数十年的教育史，并且可以深入探讨教育的本质。　　当然，对于大多数考生来说，凑满150个字万岁!那么，模板又可以派上用场了。　　模板一　　1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson——　　2.Somepeopleperfer,——　　3.Otherstendto,——　　4.Astome,Iagreewith/to——　　(1)开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。　　(2)表明一部分人的看法。　　(3)另一部分的看法。　　(4)作者的看法　　我们这里放出来的这篇文章，语言流畅，观点清晰，多处表述有闪光点。　　版本二：　　PartⅠ作文题目：　　1.目前高校排名相当盛行　　2.对于这种做法，人们看法不一　　3.我认为...　　Nowsocietycompetitionisverybig,collegeisnotexceptionalalso,thepresentuniversitiesrankingisquitepopular,appearveryI"ranking"drawbacks.Forthiskindofpractice,thepersonofshemvieweachnotcamera,someunderstandingrankingisverynecessary,canpromotetheschoolcompetition,someunderstandingranking,ncausealotofschoollanevirtualdofalseeducationquality,causingtheglide!AndIthinktheschoolrankingsofthismechanismisshouldbereserved,butneedtoregulatethearrangement,theeducationdevelopmentoftherankingssystemintomotivation,notresistance.　　作文范文：　　Forthoseuniversitystudents-to-be,choosingtheiridealschoolisneveraneasyjob,butluckily,differentauthoritiescomeupwiththeuniversityrankingtohelp!Topstudentsshallchoosethetopschoolshighonthelistandviceversa.　　Complicatedissuebecomeseasynumericalcomparison,yettherealproblemstaysthere,canthenumericalrankingtellyouthestatusquooftheseuniversities?Arethese“authorities”producingtherankingauthoritativeenoughtomakethejudgments?Let’stakeaseriouslookattheissuebeforewejumptotheconclusionwhetheruniversityrankingisgoodorbad.　　Wehavetoadmitthatbecauseofhistoricalreasons,mostofthe1950s-1960sparentsweredeniedhighereducationandthiscruelfactmakesthemevenmoreeagertogivetheirchildrenhigheducationeventhoughtheyhavenoideaofwhatuniversityeducationisallabout.Therankinghelpsthemtomakedecisionsbasedontheirsimpleideaofbetterrankingmeansbetterjobsinfuture,andthereforebetterincome!Itispatheticthattheyinterpretknowledgeandwisdominsuchawayyetitisevenmorepatheticthatthereareso-claimedwell-educatedpeoplemakingupalltherankingandgettherankingpublishedtomisleadthem!快速阅读：　　版本一：　　PartⅡ　　ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.Anotbesustainedinthelongterm　　解析：关键字1994对应第一段第三行，题干中unsustainable即选项A中sustained的反义表达方式。选择A。　　2.BIntergenerationalconflictswillintensify.　　解析：从书名定位到原文第二段，headingfortherock,thecleaner,都暗示了两代人之间的问题，最后的warfare则一目了然地指出了该矛盾。　　3.Dpoliticiansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection　　解析：首先需要理解题目意图，即为何养老机制改革迟迟不能进行，然后定位到文章第四段，其实只要从段落中politician这一关键字就能选定D选项。　　4.Aallowpeopletoworklonger　　解析：从题干中themosteffectivemethod找到第五段第三句原话，直接选择A选项。　　5.Dyoungerworkersarereadilyavailable　　解析：题目中employer为关键字，找到第六段，该段看似没有直接提到为什么雇主不愿意雇佣oldworkers，但从其不断分析新涌现出来的劳动力替代者，可以总结的出D选项，即年轻劳动力的供给已足以满足企业需求。　　6.Blargenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseasn　　解析：这道题间接考察了学生变换思维的能力，Japan在文中一时难以找到，但其所代表的发达国家群体developedcountries却出现在了第七段，而该段恰恰揭示了发达国家靠移民劳动力寻求养老机制危机一时的缓解的举措。　　7.BTheyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.　　解析：compromise关键字找到第九段，关键字出现的句子前一句就是B选项。　　8.beinnovativeandtakerisksthanyoungerones　　解析：题目中oldsocieties关键字对应到倒数第六段第三行，题目中的lessinclined正好与原文中的morestronglydisinclined形成对照，所以答案只需摘录之后的原文即可，即takerisksthanyoungerones.　　9.mostlyhavefamilies　　解析：题目中关键字intergenerationalwarfare对应到原文倒数第五段。第二句直接对第一句做出了解释，摘录即可。　　10.militaryservice　　解析：要理解题目中lesswillingto的含义，即不情愿，这样定位到倒数第三段第一句的reluctant，commitsth.tosth.，空格内需要填写名词，参照原文，即militaryservice.　　版本二：　　PartII　　1D　　2A　　3A　　4D　　5D　　6B　　7A听力：　　PartⅢ　　ListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　11.Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?　　【答案】AThemanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding　　【解析】从对话中看出女士在找apartmentbuilding，不是男士。因此选A。　　12.Whatisthewomaneagertoknow?　　【答案】BHowthepictureswillturnout.　　【解析】女士想知道的是iftheshotsItookareasgoodasIthought.照片是不是和她想的异样好。这里shots指照片。turnout指照片拍出来的效果。因此选B。　　13.Whatdoesthemanmean?　　【答案】CThesuitcasecanbefixedintime.　　【解析】男士说到findahandle后面提到butthatshouldn’ttaketoolong说明不是没有handle可以匹配。因此排除A,B。　　14.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?　　【答案】BHeneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.　　【解析】男士说到truck需要operateforlongperiodsoftimeinverycoldntemperatures，因此选择选项B。verycoldtemperatures对应harshweather.　15.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?　　【答案】AShehasmadeuphermindtoresign.　　【解析】从文中女士强硬的口气Icouldnolongerlivewith…可以看出她下定决心。因此选择A。　　16.Whatdoesthewomenwanttodo?　　【答案】DReplacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.　　【解析】女士首先提到exchangetheshirt，后面又解释了原因allergictowool，从男士的回答也可以看出换成别的材质。因此选择D。　　17.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?　　【答案】DAta“LostandFound”　　【解析】男士首先问Didanyonehappentoturninanewhandbag?，女士又问了他handbag的详细信息，可见是在失物招领处，选D。　　18.Whatdoesthemanplantodowithhisoldhouse?　　【答案】CConvertinintoahotel　　【解析】but后面是真正意图:turningitintoaguesthouse。guesthouse意为宾馆，因此选C。　　19.Whatisthekeytowriteagoodclassicaldetectivestoryaccordingtotheman?　　【答案】DCarefulplottingandclueing.　　【解析】对话中提到itmustbesocarefullyplottedandsocarefullyclued，对应D选项。　　20.Whatdoesthemanmainlyneedwhenworkingonabook?　　【答案】DTobeentirelyalone.　　【解析】对话中can’tevenbareanybodyelse,becompletelyalone都说明该作家需要独立的写作空间，因此选择D。　　21.Whatdoesthemansayaboutwriters?　　【答案】CTheylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.　　【解析】关键词detachment分离。作家提到作者的经历和写作。虽然说道someexperiencesoverwhelmeveryone,但是后面的but暗示了答案，standaside、detachment都对应了C选项。　　22.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBritishrailways?　　【答案】BLikeitornot,youhavetousethem.　　【解析】在对话一开始，女士就提到了There’sonlyonerailwaysystem,ifyoudon'tlikeaparticularrailway,youcan’tgoanduseanother.因为只有一条铁路，即使不喜欢，也只能乘坐，换句话说不论喜欢与否都得用它。因此选择B。　　23.Whatdosomepeoplewhowritetothemancomplainabout?　　【答案】DThemonopolyofBritishRailways.　　【解析】对话中谈及monopoly，铁路垄断，因此选D。其他选项均未涉及。　　24.Whatdoesthemansaythreatenstheexistenceofrailways?　　【答案】BCompetitionfromothermodesoftransport.　　【解析】对话中modesoftransportareallaround对应选项B。　　25.Whatdoesthemansayaboutrailwaysinothercountries?　　【答案】DTheylosealotofmoney.n　　【解析】男士以德、法两国铁路为例，每年铁路都有大量亏损。因此选择D。而B选项中disappearing仅仅是美国的情况。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　文章解析：　　本文是一篇地理科学类文章，有点难度，关键是对一些专有名词的把握。文章开始先指出全球变暖带来最主要的威胁是极地冰盖的融化，并给出了相应的事实和数据加以证明。接着更多例子表明南极洲的冰盖在过去的130万年间至少坍塌过一次。相关高等学府的学者和科学家也相继用实验证明南极洲西部曾是一片汪洋。最后引用HermanEngleheart的话，再次提醒我们，西南极洲大冰原很可能再次融化消失。　　其实按常理来说，如果听力文章比较有难度的话，题目的难度相对应会降低。所以大家在遇到此类题型时不必惊慌。提取关键信息、边听边记笔记，运用好背景知识等就能把题目做出来。平时也要注意扩大阅读范围，增长见识。关于环境保护和全球变暖之类的文章屡见不鲜，要求考生在这方面要引起足够的重视。　　难点词汇：　　WestAntarcticicesheet西南极洲大冰原iceshelf冰架anchored固定的　　fossil化石microscopicmarineplants海洋微生物geological地质的　　答案及解析：　　26.Whatisoneofthemostfrighteningthreatsofglobalwarmingaccordingtothepassage?　　【解析】C)Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.　　细节题。本题不难，从听力开头即可听到“raisingsealevelsomuchthatcoastalcitiesfromNewYorktoLosAnglestoShanghaiwillbeflooded”所以选C选项。　　27.Whatdoscientistsdisagreeon?　　【解析】B)HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.　　细节题。本题不难。注意关键句“butAntarcticexpertsdisagreestronglyonjusthowunstableitis”即可得出答案。　　28.WhatisthelatestinformationrevealedabouttheWestAntarcticicesheet?　　【解析】A)Itcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears.　　细节题。注意提取关键信息“newevidencerevealsthatallormostoftheAntarcticicesheetcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears”所以选A选项。　　29.Whatthescientists’latestfindingssuggest?　　【解析】A)TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceaopenocean.　　细节题。听力最后的例子说明了这一点“whichsuggestthattheregionwasonceopenoceannotsolidice”，而其他选项都不是最新的发现。PassageTwo　　30B)Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.　　【解析】听力一开始作者就建议我们尝试删除自己上传的照片“TakeaphotoanduploadittoFacebook,thenafteradayorso,notewhattheURLlinktothepictureisandthendeleteit.”，由此可知应该选B。　　31B)Thewaytheystoredata.n　　【解析】“Whydo"deleted"photosstickaroundsolong?Theproblemrelatestothewaydataisstoredonlargewebsites”，从这句话可知图片之所以不能立即删除跟它们存储的方式有关。　　32C)WhentheURLisreused.　　【解析】“InthecaseofFacebook,thecompanysaysdatamayhangarounduntiltheURLinquestionisreused”，从这句话可知只有URL被再次用到才会被删除。　　PassageThree　　33.A　　解析：第一段原文可以找到对应句子，即someicedcoffeescontainasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.　　34.B　　解析：第一段原文中有对应语句，即Betterskipdinnerorhitthegymafterwards.　　35.C　　解析：在此句中，“TheWCRFhasestimatedthat19,000cancersayearinBritaincouldbeprevented…”，关键词prevented可以得知答案为C选项。　　SectionC　　36.diverse　　37.tragic　　38.commit　　39.outcome　　40.scale　　41.colleagues　　42.accurate　　43.averages　　45.Studentswithhighhopesetthemselveshighergoalsandknowhowtoworktoattainthem,　　46.wentbeyondthesimplenotionthathopeismerelythesensethateverythingwillturnoutallright.　　47.Havinghopemeansbelievingyouhaveboththewillandthewaytoaccomplishyourgoals,whatevertheymaybe.仔细阅读：　　版本一：　　PartⅣ　　ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)　　SectionA　　47.　　答案：feminineandweak　　解析：文中提到…becausetheybelievethatsuchfeelingsarefeminineandimplyweakness.要填在tobe后面就应该转化成形容词形式。　　48.　　答案：losecomposure　　解析：文中提到mayleadtoalossofncomposure。要用在主语后面就要把loss变成动词lose。　　49.　　答案：stress-relateddisorders　　解析：文中提到cancontributetostress-relateddisorder。　　50.　　答案：theirrelationshipwithpartners　　解析：文中提到…reportlowerrelationshipsatisfactionasdotheirfemalepartners.故这里要重新组合转换表达形式。　　51.　　答案：aggressive　　解析：文中提到…intophysicallyaggressionorviolence，而此处在become后就要用aggression的形容词形式。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　52)Asolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems　　细节题。抓住时间点“Intheearly2othcentury”我们从第一句“offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可知道答案。选择A选项。　　53)DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.　　推论题。我们首先比较容易排除A和C项。B项具有迷惑性，关键是看“thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了，社会的问题主要是靠人文主义的研究?显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰当。“TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”　　54)CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.　　细节题。主要在第二段里找答案。从段落后两句“ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我们可以推断出是选C选项。A和D选项比较容易排除。不选B选项，因为文章中“India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.”seemto表明这几个国家只是有种趋势，但还没有haveovertaken。　　55)AInsufficientfunding.　　细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。从“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers…”这些信息中，可以很快知道是A选项。　　56)CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.　　细节题。本题不难。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究，其他三项都是非常具体的，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者的语气可以更加确定是C选项。　　PassageTwo　　57.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.n　　解析：这道题针对开头两节。A和C答案比较容易排除，A说爱因斯坦把数学推到了一个极限，C说在将来的两百年都不会有物理学家超过爱因斯坦，这两个都明显不合文章大意。B答案说需要一个爱因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论，属于过度推理，并且细节性太强了。D答案是正确答案，很多同学不敢选D的原因是，因为有些科学家们认为爱因斯坦或许还没有诞生或许还是个小婴儿，他们认为这样一来就有可能爱因斯坦已经存在了。但是这句话里面的爱因斯坦是代表伟大的科学家的意思，那么这个题目选择D就是正确的，大家都同意的是像爱因斯坦那样伟大的科学家还需要一定的时间才会出现。　　58.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking　　解析：B他独立与抽象思维能力。这一段是文章中间部分的内容概括。根据上下文意思推断，爱因斯坦成功的原因，不能说是他在音乐方面的天分，也不能说他的努力或者他在数学方面的深厚基础，因此答案选择B。　　59.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.　　解析：正确答案选择D。这段文章是在问今天的物理学家们的情况，A说他们缺乏分析能力，B说他们擅长处理实际问题，C说他们重视发表文章，都是从根据文章细节中捏造出来的错误选项。D是对于文章内容的一个总结概括，数量众多的物理学家进入了更有经济利益的领域。　　60.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.　　解析：正确答案选择D。结合Greene讲的话，他说Whatanidea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞的人才会相信能找到个解决方案呢!说明内容实在是比较荒诞。　　61.B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles　　解析：正确答案选择B，说的是爱因斯坦在学术圈里面默默无闻，跟原文里面的“byavirtualunknown”相对应。有迷惑性的选择项是D,因为文中提到了爱因斯坦的文章没有配上脚注和注释footnoteandcitations.但是D选择项是说，爱因斯坦不懂得论文的格式，这个属于过度推理了。　　版本二：　　52A　　53A　　54D55A　　56D　　57B　　58B　　59C　　60D　　61C完形填空：　　版本一：　　PartⅤ　　Cloze　　62Bsetoutsetoutplans表示制定计划　　63Dabandoningabandon放弃，onceunshakeableorthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法，也就是现在要放弃了。n　　64Awithstrugglewith表示同…斗争，介词搭配，这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。　　65Bintendsintendto表示打算…,从后面的atthebeginningof2011，可知还没有这么做，只是计划或者打算这么做。　　66Aexceeded超过，是说当用户每月阅读文章超过一定量时就要收费。　　67Aon和side搭配，onthesideof…表示拥护…;站在…一边。　　68Dcharge本词在文章中多次出现，chargesb表示向某人收费。　　69Csuchas表示举例，从后面举London'sEveningStandard作为例子，可知应该选suchas.　　70Bfree前面提到abandonreadershiprevenue，即放弃读者收益，由此可知应该是makeprinteditionsfree.　　71Cacknowledged表示承认，这里表示ArthurSulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。　　72Cbet打赌，赌注，从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。　　73Ccirculation发行量，从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。　　74AbehindNYT排名第三，即排在theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday后面。　　75BWhilewhile在这里表示对比，从上下文可知NYT与美国其他报纸不同。　　76Dclaim声称，宣称，这里是说NYT声称自己是全国范围的报纸。　　77Cmaintains维持，运营，即NYT还在世界其他地方运营着26个办公室。　　78Alike从下文可知NYT和印刷行业的其他公司一样，也受到金融危机的影响，所以选like，表示同…一样。　　79Dserious严重的，考察形容词与名词的搭配，从下文的数据可知遭受严重经济损失。　　80Csuffered遭受，sufferaloss遭受损失，常见搭配。　　81Dloan贷款，前文提到公司损失了很多钱，所以需要从别处借钱来补充资金。　　版本二：　　62-66BCBAC　　67-71CBBBD　　72-76CAACD　　77-81CDADC翻译：　　版本一：　　PartⅥ　　Translation　　82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou___________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.　　解析：canneverbetoocareful/cannotbetoocareful　　【考点解释】本题考查“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配，即canneverbetoo/cannotbetoo+adj.　　【原句精释】无可否认，处理这件事，越仔细越好。　　83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties__________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)n　　解析：didIrealizethatreadingcannotbeneglecteddidIrealizethatreadingisunignorable　　【考点解释】本题考查由onlywhen引起的局部倒装。当onlywhen置于句首，主句用局部倒装，即将助动词置于主语前面。onlywhen引导句子时态为过去时(reached)，为保持时态一致，主句助动词用did;注意被动语态的使用，reading与neglect为被动关系。同时也可以使用be+adj的结构。　　【原句精释】直到三十岁，我才意识不能忽视读书。　　84.Much___________________(使研究人员感到惊讶)，theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.　　解析：totheresearchers’surprise　　【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配toone’ssurprise使…惊讶的是…　　【原句精释】让研究人员大为惊讶的是，实验结果比他们的预计好得多。　　85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;__________________________(我一定是把它放在哪儿了)。　　解析：Imusthaveleft/putitsomewhere.　　【考点解释】本题考查对过去事情的肯定的猜测，即musthave+过去分词，leave与put都有放置的意思，但leave强调遗忘在…，较之put，leave更贴合题意。　　【原句精释】天啊，我找不到钥匙。我一定是把它放在哪儿了。　　86.I________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.　　解析：wouldratherjoinyouasavolunteer　　【考点解释】考查结构“宁愿…也不愿…”,因题干中已存在“thango”的结构，只能使用“wouldratherdoratherthando”。加入…joinsb　　【原句精释】我宁愿加入你们去做义工，也不愿到海边去度假。　　版本二：　　PartⅥ　　翻译：　　82.cannotbetoocareful　　83.didIrealizethatreadingcouldnotbeneglected　　84.totheresearchers'surprise　　85.Imusthaveleftitsomewhere　　86.wouldratherjoinyoutodovolunteerwork2011年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartI                       Writing                       (30minutes)Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled TheWaytoSuccess bycommentingonAbrahamLincoln'sfamousremark,"Givemesixhourstochopdownatree,andIwillspend,thefirstnfoursharpeningtheaxe."Youshouldwriteatleast 150 wordsbutnomorethan 200 words.TheWaytoSuccess注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartII           ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)             (15minutes)Directions: Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson AnswerSheet1. Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfrom thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Google'sPlanforWorld'sBiggestOnlineLibrary:PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomake digitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesin AmericaandEurope - includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexact methoditusesisunclear;thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto"organize theworld'sinformation",soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:"Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehope toexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilya philanthropic (慈善的)exercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays."Butwehaveneverbuilta spreadsheet (电子数据表)outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders."Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion. ButGoogle'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecently emerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshaveleveledtwosets ofcriticismsatGoogle.First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld's booksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.Inarecentessayinthe NewYorkReviewofBooks, RobertDanton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem.nThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecoming miredin (陷入)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakes theJaundiceandJaundicecaseinCharlesDickens' BleakHouse lookstraightforward.Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmost books,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedby copyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthe durationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'sheirstobenefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,ofcourse,that almostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright – andthelastcentury sawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40million booksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27 millionareoutofprint.OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe"publicdomain"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionof Middlemarch, whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch).But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefense,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright– arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesof thesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy."Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonce authorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"saysPiersBluffed,oftheSheilaLandliteraryagency inLondon."Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbotheringtask."In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit (集团诉讼)againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages– andtryingtosummarizeitisnoeasytask."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"saysBluffed,oneofthesettlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsandpublishers whoserightsithasbreached(includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks).Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.ThissettlementhandsGooglethepower-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders – toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondeals soldtolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicense.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatareprovingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.nCriticspointoutthat,bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller."Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelman,associateprofessoratNewYorkLawSchool.Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions,Googlecould becomeasignificantforceinbookselling.Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon"orphan"works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder – thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehasscanned. Underthesettlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,commercialcontrolautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemtoindividual buyersundertheconsumerlicense.Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbe enacted (执行) – itisthesubjectoffairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,Googlewillineffectbeoffthehookasfaras copyrightviolationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-andthecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.NooneknowsthepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintellectualpropertyithasgainedbyscanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGerick,anAmericansciencewriterandmemberoftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'tevenknowitself.But whatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhavea significantimpactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.A)  toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublicB)  toencouragereadingaroundtheworldC)  tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibrariesD)  topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching2. AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.A)  broadenhumanity'sintellectualhorizonsB)  helpthebroadmassesofreadersC)  revolutionizetheentirebookindustryD)  makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine3. OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_____.A)  non-profitorganizations                               C)multinationalcompaniesB)  theworld'sleadinglibraries                          D)theworld'stechgiantsn4. Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.A)  thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooksB)  thecopyrightofthebooksitscannedC)  theinterestoftraditionalbooksellersD)  thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks5. Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.A)  itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontentB)  itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholdersC)  makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyrightD)  theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6. WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?A)  ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.B)  Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.C)  ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.D)  Itcouldleadtomoreout-of-courtsettlementsofsuchdisputes.7. Whatremainedcontroversialaftertheclassactionsuitended?A)  Thecompensationforcopyrightholders.B)  ThechangeinGoogle'sbusinessmodel.C)  Google'sfurtherexploitationofitsdatabase.D)  Thecommercialprovisionsofthesettlement.8.While_____,Googlemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.9.Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarenotknownarecalled_____.10.Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendously_____inthefuture. PartIII                        ListeningComprehension          (35minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11. A)Cancelthetriptoprepareforthetest.B)  ReviewhisnotesoncehearrivesinChicago.C)  Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.nD)  Prepareforthetestafterthewedding.12. A)Thewomanwillhelpthemanrememberthelines.B)  Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.C)  Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.D)  Thewomanwillpromptthemanduringtheshow.13.A)Preparationsforanoperation.                   C)Arrangingabedforapatient.B)Acomplicatedsurgicalcase.              D)Rescuingthewoman'suncle.14.A)Heisinterestedinimprovinghiseditingskills.B)  Heiseagertobenominatedtheneweditor.C)  HeissuretodoabetterjobthanSimon.D)  Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15. A)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.B)  Hehasalreadyreachedtheretirementage.C)  Hemadeastupiddecisionatthecabinetmeeting.D)  HehasbeensuccessfullyelectedPrimeMinister.16. A)Thisyear'sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceexploration.B)  Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.C)  Theshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveworldwide.D)  Themanisexcitedatthenewsoftheshuttleflight.17. A)Atanautorescuecenter.                          C)Atasuburbangarage.B)Atacarrentingcompany.                         D)Atamountaincamp.18. A)Hegothisspeakersfixed.                         C)HelistenedtosomeseriousmusicB)Hewentshoppingwiththewoman.           D)Heboughtastereosystem. Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Providingaidtothedisabled.B)  Printinglabelsformanufacturedgoods.C)      Promotingproductsformanufacturers.D)     Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20. A)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.B)     Allofthemaremanufacturedinhisownplant.C)     Thekitchenwareinhisshopisofuniquedesign.D)    Abouthalfofthemareunavailableonthemarket.21. A)Theyspecializeinoneproductonly.           C)TheyrunchainstoresincentralLondon.B)TheyhaveoutletsthroughoutBritain.          D)Theysellbymailorderonly.n Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itpublishesmagazines.                             B)Itsponsorstradefairs. C)Itrunssalespromotioncampaigns.                            D)Itisengagedinproductdesign.23.A)Theadspecificationshadnotbeengivenindetail.B)      Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.C)      Thewoman'scompanyfailedtomakepaymentsintime.D)     Organizingthepromotionwasreallytime-consuming.24.A)Extendthecampaigntonextyear.            B)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.   C)Runanotherfour-weekcampaign.D)Givehera10percentdiscount.25.A)Stopnegotiatingforthetimebeing.          B)Calmdownandmakepeace.  C)Reflectontheirrespectivemistakes         D)Improvetheirpromotionplans. SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26. A)Theylookspotlesslycleanthroughouttheirlives.B)      Theyarelookedafterbyanimal-careorganizations.C)      Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.D)     Theyarelabeledpetanimalsbytheresearchers.27. A)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.B)      Theymaybehaveabnormally.C)      Theymaybreedoutofcontrol.D)     Theymaycausedamagetotheenvironment.n28.A)Whentheybecomeescapees.                     B)Whentheyarenolongeruseful.  C)Whentheygettooold.               D)Whentheybecomeill.29.A)Whilelaunchinganimalprotectioncampaigns,theyweretrappingkitchenmice.B)      Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.C)      Whileadvocatingfreedomforanimals,theykepttheirpetmouseinacage.D)     Whilecallingforanimalrights,theyallowedtheirkidstokeeppetanimals. PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theytakeitforgranted.                           B)Theyarecrazyaboutit.  C)Theycontributemosttoit. D)Theyoftenfindfaultwithit.31.A)Heatandlight.                                        B)Economicprosperity.       C)Historicalcontinuity.                         D)Tidalrestlessness.32.A)Theyfindthecityalientothem.B)  Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.C)      Theylackknowledgeofthecultureofthecity.D)     Theyhavedifficultysurviving. PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Apoliticaldebate.                                   C)Adocumentary.B)Afootballgame.                                      D)Amurdermystery.34.A)Itenhancesfamilyrelationships.               C)Ithelpsbroadenone’shorizons.B)Itisasheerwasteoftime.                         D)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.A)HewatchesTVprogramsonlyselectively.nB)  Hecan'tresistthetemptationofTVeither.C)      Hedoesn'tlikewatchingsportsprograms.D)     Heisnotamanwhocankeephispromise. SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisread forthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitheruse theexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourown words.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhat youhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytoworkona micro-scale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinsidethehumanbodyto(36) _____ healthproblemsortoperform(37) _____ surgery.Repaircrewsdidnothave awayof(38) _____brokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-rise(39)_____ building. However,that'sabouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshavestarteda microminiature (超微) (40) _____thatallowsscientiststoenvision– andinsomecasesactuallybuild – microscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromiseto(41)_____ changethewayweliveandwork.Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700tiny(42) _____motors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshaveperfectedtheworld'sfirstmicroscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthroughaperson'sblood(43) _____,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveoftheheartitself.(44) ______________________________________________________________________.Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevices_______________________________________________________(45)___________________________________________________________________________.Somefuturistsenvision nanotechnology (纳米技术)alsobeingusedto explorethedeepseainsmallsubmarines,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiatureinstruments.Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications.So,(46) _________________________________________________________________________________________.  nPartIV         ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)          (25minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Pleasewriteyouranswerson AnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalcapabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat"howthingsgetdone"influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDracker,coinedthephrase"Managementisdoingthingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings,"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms.WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,exploredleadershipstylesinthepastdecade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.His SevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople becameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadership paradigm (范例),whichheobservedcenteredontraitsfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonalityethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonintegrity,modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,andsoforth.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness,itisvitalthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue.Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto"putfirstthingsfirst,"whichimpliesthatbeforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbeseenastrustworthy.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.   Tobegoodleaders,managersmustpaycloseattentiontotheirown_____.48.   AccordingtoPeterDracker,leadersshouldbegoodat_____.49.   Thepersonalityethicsuggeststhatpeoplearelikelytosucceediftheyhave_____.50.   AccordingtoStephenCovey,leaderswhohopetoachieveoutstandingsuccessneedfirstofallto_____.51.   Goodleadershiprequiresonetoknowone'sownstrengthsandbeabletowinpeople's_____. nSectionBDirections: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate? China"}India!Brazil! Howabout trade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession– areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates – butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade– moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates – isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,                                                            and logistics (物流) haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets– whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice – agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet– andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodonthatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)  ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)  ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)  ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)  Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53. Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)  ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)  ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)      Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)     Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54. Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)  Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)  Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)      Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)     Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55. WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?A)  Competitionfromoverseas.                             C)Slacktradeactivities.B)  People'sreluctancetospend.                            D)Decreasingproductivity.56. Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)  Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)  Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)      Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)     Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets. PassageTwoQuestions57 to 61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnew knowledgeintonewproductsandservices.nRecently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.We shouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies. IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhD graduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-led andcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercialization workcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economic andenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertise inordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheWhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould, playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?A)     Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.B)      Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.C)      Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.D)     Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.n58. WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialization?A)     Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.B)      ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.C)      Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.D)     Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.59. WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto _____.A)     governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversitiesB)      compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustriesC)      fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsD)     concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities60. Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?A)     Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.B)      Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.C)      Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.D)     Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.61. HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?A)     Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.B)      Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.C)      Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.D)     Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.  PartV                        Cloze                         (15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Ifyouknowwheretofindagoodplastic-freeshampoo,canyoutellJeanneHegel?LastSeptember,the28-year-oldChicagoresident __62__ tocutplasticsoutofherlife.Themarketingcoordinatorwasconcernedabout__63__thechemicalscomingoutofsomecommontypesofplasticmightbedoingtoherbody.Shewasalsoworriedaboutthedamagealltheplastic__64__wasdoingtotheenvironment.Soshe__65__onherbikeandrodetothenearestgrocerystoretoseewhatshecouldfindthatdidn't__66__plastic."Iwentinand__67__boughtanything,"Hegelsays.Shedid__68__somecannedfoodanda carton (纸盒) ofmilk–todiscoverlaterthatbothcontainersnwere__70__withplastic resin (树脂)."Plastic,"shesays,"justseemedlikeitwasineverything."She'sright.Backinthe1960s,plasticwaswell__71__itswaytobecomingastapleofAmericanlife.TheU.S.produced28milliontonsofplasticwastein2005–27milliontonsofwhich__72__in landfills (垃圾填埋场).Ourfoodandwatercome__73__inplastic.It'susedinourphonesandourcomputers,thecarswedriveandtheplanesweridein.Butthe__74__adaptablesubstancehasitsdark side.Environmentalistsfeelworriedaboutthepetroleumneededtomakeit.Parentsworryaboutthe possibilityof__75__chemicalsmakingtheirway from 76plasticintochildren'sbloodstreams. WhichmeansHegelisn'ttheonlypersontrying tocutplasticoutofherlife–sheisn't__77__the onlyonebloggingaboutthiskindof__78__.Butthosewho'vetriedknowit's__79__fromeasytogo plastic-free."Thesethingsseemtobesocommon __80__itispracticallyimpossibletoavoidcoming into__81__withthem,"saysFrederickvimSail,a biologistattheUniversityofMissouri.62.A)resolved           B)recovered        C)removed           D)retreated63.A)when         B)what                 C)who                  D)why64.A)essence             B)unit                  C)crust                 D)rubbish65.A)hinged              B)hopped             C)stretched           D)dipped66.A)include             B)induce             C)compose           D)consist67.A)slightly             B)nearly        C)roughly             D)barely68.A)pursue              B)prescribe           C)preserve            D)purchase69.A)rather        B)ever                  C)merely              D)only70.A)probed             B)coupled             C)lined                D)combined71.A)by             B)over                 C)on                    D)under72.A)endedup   B)pulledup          C)putup        D)setup73.A)trapped             B)adapted             C)wrapped            D)adoptedn74.A)interactively       B)remotely           C)infinitely           D)resolutely75.  A)sensible            B)toxic                 C)attractive           D)absurd76.       A)household  B)family              C)internal             D)civil77.       A)hardly              B)largely              C)even                 D)still78.       A)endeavor   B)recreation          C)accomplishmentD)diligence79.       A)well          B)little                 C)far                    D)much80.       A)while        B)which        C)but                   D)that81.       A)fashion             B)approach           C)contact              D)agreement PartVI                        Translation                      (5minutes)Directions: CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.Pleasewriteyourtranslationon AnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________(也许会被车撞倒的).33.Bynomeans______________________________(他把自己当成专家) althoughheknowsalotaboutthefield.84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshavemadeforhim,______________________________(把他们所做的视作理所当然).85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother ______________________________(不干涉她的婚姻).86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfoundhimself______________________________(经常上网查找信息).2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案快速阅读1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld’sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____【答案】B.toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublic2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google’sbook-scanningprojectwill【答案】B.broadenhumanity’sintellectualhorizonsn3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_______.【答案】C.non-profitorganizations4.【答案】D.thecopyrightofthebooksitscanned5.【答案】B.theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6.【答案】B.Itwassettleaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.7.【答案】D.Thecommercialprovisionofthesettlement8.【答案】Providinginformationforfree9.【答案】orphanworks10.【答案】changetheworld’sbookmarketSectionA11.【答案】A)Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.12.【答案】C)Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.13.【答案】A)Arrangingabedforapatient14.【答案】A)Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15.【答案】C)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.16.【答案】D)Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.17.【答案】A)Atacarrentingcompany18.:Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?【答案】A)Helistenedtosomeseriousmusic.19:Whatkindofbusinessdoesthemanengagedin?【答案】B)Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisstockofproducts?【答案】D)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.21:Whatdoesthemansayaboutotherpeopleinhislineofbusiness?【答案】D)Theysellbymailorderonly.22:Whatdowelearnabouttheman’scompany?【答案】C)Itsponsorstradefairs.23:Whywasthecampaigndelayedaccordingtotheman?【答案】C)Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.24:Whatdoesthewomanproposeasasolutiontotheproblem?【答案】D)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.25:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydoattheendoftheconversation?【答案】D)Reflectontheirrespectivemistakes.26.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmostofthemiceusedforexperiments?【答案】D)Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.n27Whydidtheso-calledbadmicehavetobecapturedanddestroyed?【答案】C)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.28Whenaremicekilledwithoutpriorapproval?【答案】C)Whentheybecomeescapees.29WhydoesthespeakersaywhattheHera’sdidathomeisironical?【答案】A)Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.30.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthenativesofNewYork?【答案】D)Theytakeitforgranted.31.WhatdoesthespeakersaycommutersgivetoNewYork?【答案】A)Tidalrestlessness.32.WhatdowelearnaboutthesettlersofNewYork?【答案】B)Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.33.Asthespeakerwalkedintothelivingroom,whatwasbeingshownonTV?【答案】D)Amurdermystery34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwatchingtelevision?【答案】C)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.Whatcanwesayaboutthespeaker?【答案】B)Hecan’tresistthetemptationofT.V.either.（36）detect（37）delicate（38）identifying（39）apartment（40）revolution（41）dramatically42）primitive（43）vessels（44）Althoughsimpleversionsofminiaturedeviceshavehadanimpact,advancedversionsarestillseveralyearsaway.（45）thatcansensewhentoreleaseanairbagandhowtokeepenginesandbreaksoperatingefficiently.（46）whenscientistsnowthinkaboutfuturemachinesdoinglargeandcomplextasks,they’rethinkingsmallerthaneverbefore.仔细阅读SectionA47.values,abilitiesandstrengths48.doingtherightthings49.positivementalattitude50.managethemselves51.trustSectionBPassageOne53.AItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheUShaveincreased.n54.CProducersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials55.CPeople’sreluctancetospend56.BToincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.PassageTwo57.A.theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.58.B.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.59.A.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities.60.A.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.61.C.Bypromotingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.完形填空62:resolved63:what64:essence65:hopped66:include67:barely68:purchase69:merely70:combined71:on72:endedup73:wrapped74:infinitely75:toxic76:household77:even78:endeavor79:far80:that81:contact翻译82：maybeknockeddownbycar83:doeshetakehimselftobeanexpert。84:andtakeitforgranted。n85:notinterferemarriage。86．oftensearchinginformationontheinternet作文ThewaytosuccessWhatissuccess?Infact,successisapositivefeeling,itisastateofconfidenceafterweachieveouridealsSoallofuswilltryourbesttogetsuccess.“IfAisasuccessinlife,thenAequalsxplusyplusz..Hardworkingisx;yisgoodmethodsandzisstoptalkingandgetdowntowork.“ItissaidbyEinstein,whoisusedtobeawinneroftheNobelPrize.AccordingtothisWisdom,weknownthatifwewanttodoeverythingsuccessful,wemustfollowtheseways.Whenwebegintostudy,ourparentsandteachersalwaystoldustostudyhard.Hardworking,whichisanusefulwaytosuccess,isnecessaryforus.Hardworking,whichmeansweshouldtryourbesttodothethings.Besides,ifyouwanttogetsuccess,wenotonlyneedhardworking,butalsohavesomeusefulmethods.Ifyouhavesomeusefulmethods,youwillfeelthatitiseasiertoachieveyourgoals.What'smore,wemuststoptalkingandgetdowntowork.Successisbaseontheactions.Actions,maynotletwegetsuccess.Butifwenotaction,itcanneverbesuccessful.Regardlessofthedreamisbigorsmall,thegoalishighorlow,fromnowon,swingitintoaction.Inmyopinion,ifyoufollowtheseimportantwaystodoeverythings,youwillgetsuccessatlast.