2011年12英语四级真题答案

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2011年12英语四级真题答案

PartIIIListeningComprehension  SectionA  Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.  11.  W:Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletelyconfused.Ican’tfigureoutwhenmybustoClevelandleaves?  M:Whydon’tyoujustgototheticketwindowandask?  Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?  12.  W:IreallyenjoyedtheTVspecialaboutdraftslastnight.Didyougethomeintimetoseeit?  W:Oh,yes,butIwishIcouldhavestayedawakelongenoughtoseethewholething.  Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?  13.  W:Airport,please.I’mrunningalittlelate.Sojusttakethefastestwayevenifit’snotthemostdirect.  M:Sure,butthereisalotoftrafficeverywheretodaybecauseofthefootballgame.  Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?  14.  W:MayImakearecommendation,sir?Ourseafoodwiththisspecialsauceisverygood.  M:Thankyou,butIdon’teatshellfish.I’mallergictoit.  Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?n  15.W:nowonemorequestionifyoudon’tmind,whatpositioninthecompanyappealstoyoumost?  M:Well,I’dlikethepositionofsalesmanagerifthatpositionisstillvacant.  Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?  16.M:Idon’tthinkIwanttoliveinthedormitorynextyear.Ineedmoreprivacy.  W:Iknowwhatyoumean.Butcheckoutthecostifrentinganapartmentfirst.Iwon’tbesurprisedifyouchangeyourmind.  Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?  17.M:You’reontherighttrack.Ijustthinkyouneedtonarrowthetopicdown.  W:Yeah,you’reright.IalwaysstartbychoosingtwoboardertopicswhenI’mdoingaresearchpaper.  Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?  18.W:Thispicnicshouldbeatthelastonewewentto,doesn’tit?  M:Oh,yeah,wehadtospendthewholetimeinside.Goodthing,theweatherwascooperativethistime.  Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?  LongConversation  ConversationOne  M:WhenIsayIliveinSweden,peoplealwayswanttoknowabouttheseasons.  W:Theseasons?  M:Yeah,youknowhowcolditisinwinter?Whatisitlikewhenthedaysaresoshort?  W:Sowhatisitlike?  M:Well,itiscold,verycoldinwinter.Sometimesitiscoldas26degreesbelowcentigrade.Andofcoursewhenyougoout,you’llwrapupwarm.Butinsideinthehousesit’salwaysverywarm,muchwarmerthanathome.SwedishpeoplealwayscomplainthatwhentheyvisitEngland,thehousesarecoldeveninthegoodwinter.n  W:Andwhataboutthedarkness?  M:Well,yeah,aroundChristmastimethere’sonlyonehourofdaylight,soyoureallylooksforwardtothespring.Itissometimesabitdepressing.Butyouseethesummersareamazing,fromMaytoJulyintheNorthofSwedenthesunneversets.It’sstilllightinthemidnight.Youcanwalkinthemountainsandreadanewspaper.  W:Oh,yeah,thelandofthemidnightsun.  M:Yeah,that’sright,butit’swonderful.Youwon’tstayupallnight.AndtheSwedesmakesmostofitoftentheystartedworkearlierinsummerandthenleaveatabout2or3intheafternoon,sothattheycanreallyenjoythelongsummerevenings.They’dliketoworkhard,butplayhard,too.IthinkLondonersworklongerhours,butI’mnotsurethisisagoodthing.  Q19:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?  Q20:WhatdoSwedishpeoplecomplainaboutwhentheyvisitEnglandinwinter?  Q21:HowdoesthemandescribetheshorthourofdaylightaroundChristmasinSweden?  Q21:WhatdoesthemansayabouttheSwedishpeople?  ConversationTwo  W:Whatkindoftrainingdoesoneneedtogointothistypeofjob?  M:That’saverygoodquestion.Idon’tthinkthereisany,specifically.  W:Forexample,inyourcase,whatwasyoureducationalbackground?  M:Well,IdidadegreeinFrenchatNottingham.Afterthat,Ididcareersworkinsecondaryschoolslikethecareersguidancepeople.Hereisintheuniversity.ThenIwentintolocalgovernmentbecauseIfoundIwasmoreinterestedintheadministrativeside.Thenprogressedontouniversities.Sotherewasn’tanyplanandtherewasnospecifictraining.Thereareplentyoftrainingcoursesinmanagementtechniquesandcommitteeworkwhichyoucanattendnow.  W:Butinthefirstplace,youdidaFrenchdegree.  M:Inmytime,therewasn’tadegreeyoucoulddoforadministration.IthinkmostoftheadministratorsI’vecomeacrosshavedegreesandallsortsofthings.  W:Well,Iknowinmycase,IdidanEnglishliteraturedegreeandIdidn’treallyexpecttoendupdoingwhatIamdoingnow.n  M:Quite.  W:ButyouarelocaltoNottingham,actually?IsthereanyreasonwhyyouwenttoNottinghamUniversity?  M:No,no,IcomefromthenorthofEngland,fromwestYorkshire.NottinghamwasoneoftheuniversitiesIputonmylist.AndIlikethelookofit.Thecampusisjustbeautiful.  W:Yes,indeed.Let’ssee.WereyoufromtheindustrialpartofYorkshire?  M:Yes,fromtheWoolenDistrict.  Q23.Whatwastheman’smajoratuniversity?  Q24:Whatwastheman’sjobinsecondaryschools?  Q25:WhatattractedthemantoNottinghamUniversity?  SectionB  PassageOne  WhileGailObcamp,anAmericanartistwasgivingaspeechontheartofJapanesebrushpaintingtoanaudiencethatincludedvisitorsfromJapan,shewasconfusedtoseethatmanyofherJapaneselistenershavetheireyesclosed.WeretheytunedoffbecauseanAmericanhadthenervetoinstructJapaneseintheirownartformortheydeliberatelytriedtosignaltheirrejectionofher?Obcamplaterfoundoutthatherlistenerswerenotbeingdisrespectful.Japaneselistenerssometimesclosedtheireyestoenhanceconcentration.Herlistenerswereshowingtheirrespectforherbychewingonherwords.SomedayyoumaybeeitheraspeakeroralistenerinasituationinvolvingpeoplefromothercountriesormembersofminoritygroupinNorthAmerica.Learninghowdifferentculturessignalrespectcanhelpyouavoidmisunderstandings.Herearesomeexamples.InthedeafcultureofNorthAmerica,manylistenersshowapplausenotbyclappingtheirhandsbutbywavingthemintheair.Insomecultures,bothoverseasandinsomeminoritygroupsinNorthAmerica,listenersareconsidereddisrespectfuliftheylookdirectlyatthespeaker.Respectisshownbylookinginthegeneraldirectionbutavoidingdirecteyecontact.Insomecountries,whistlingbylistenersisasignofapprovalwhileinothercourtiersitisaformofinsult.  Questions:n  26,WhatdidObcamp’sspeechfocuson?  27,WhydoJapaneselistenerssometimesclosetheireyeswhilelisteningtoaspeech?  28,Whatdoesthespeakertrytoexplain?  PassageTwo  ChrisisinchargeofpurchasingandmaintainingequipmentinhisDivisionatTaxlongCompany.Heissoongoingtohaveanevaluationinterviewwithhissupervisorandthepersonneldirectortodiscusstheworkhehasdoneinthepastyear.Salary,promotionandplansforthecomingyearwillalsobediscussedatthemeeting.ChrishasmadeseveralchangesforhisDivisioninthepastyear.First,heboughtnewequipmentforoneofthedepartments.Hehasbeenparticularlyhappyaboutthenewequipmentbecausemanyoftheemployeeshavetoldhimhowmuchithashelpedthem.Alongwithimprovingtheequipment,Chrisbeganaprogramtotrainemployeestouseequipmentbetteranddosimplemaintenancethemselves.Thetrainingsavedtimefortheemployeesandmoneyforthecompany.Unfortunately,oneseriousproblemdevelopedduringtheyear.TwoemployeestheChrishiredwerestealing,andhehadtofirethem.Chrisknowsthatanewjobforapurchasingandmaintenancemanagerforthewholecompanywillbeopeninafewmonths,andhewouldliketobepromotedtothejob.Chrisknows,however,thatsomeoneelsewantsthatnewjob,too.KimisinchargeofpurchasingandmaintenanceinanotherDivisionofthecompany.Shehasalsomadeseveralchangesovertheyear.ChrisknowsthathisbosslikesKim’swork,andheexpectsthathisworkwillbecomparedwithhers.  Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.  29.WhatisChris’smainresponsibilityatTaxlongCompany?  30.WhatproblemdidChrisencounterinhisDivision?  31.WhatdoesChrishopeforinthenearfuture?  32.WhatdowelearnaboutKimfromthepassage?  PassageThree  Proverbs,sometimescalledsayings,areexamplesoffolkwisdom.Theyarelittlelessonswhicholderpeopleofaculturepassdowntotheyoungerpeopletoteachthemaboutlife.Manyproverbsremindpeopleofthevaluesthatareimportantinthenculture.Valuesteachpeoplehowtoact,whatisright,andwhatiswrong.Becausethevaluesofeachculturearedifferent,understandingthevaluesofanotherculturehelpsexplainhowpeoplethinkandact.Understandingyourownculturevaluesisimportanttoo.Ifyoucanacceptthatpeoplefromotherculturesactaccordingtotheirvalues,notyours,gettingalongwiththemwillbemucheasier.Manyproverbsareveryold.Sosomeofthevaluestheyteachmaynotbeasimportantinthecultureastheyoncewere.Forexample,Americanstodaydonotpaymuchattentiontotheproverb“Hastemakeswaste”,becausepatienceisnotimportanttothem.Butifyouknowaboutpastvalues,ithelpsyoutounderstandthepresentandmanyoftheoldervaluesarestillstrongtoday.BenjaminFranklin,afamousAmericandiplomat,writerandscientist,diedin1790,buthisproverb“Timeismoney”istakenmoreseriouslybyAmericansoftodaythaneverbefore.Astudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworldshowsthatsomevaluesaresharedbymanycultures.Inmanycasesthough,thesameideaisexpresseddifferently.  Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.  33.Whyareproverbssoimportant?  34.Accordingtothespeakerwhathappenstosomeproverbswiththepassageoftime?  35Whatdowelearnfromthestudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworld?  SectionC  CompoundDictation  Ourlivesarewoventogether.AsmuchasIenjoymyowncompany,InolongerimagineIcangetthroughasingledaymuchlessallmylifecompletelyonmyown.EvenifIamonvacationinthemountains,Iameatingfoodsomeoneelsehasgrown,livinginahousesomeoneelsehasbuilt,wearingclothessomeoneelsehassewnfromclothwovenbyothers,usingelectricitysomeoneelseisdistributingtomyhouse.Evidenceofinterdependenceiseverywhere;weareonthisjourneytogether.  AsIwasgrowingup,Irememberbeingcarefullytaughtthatindependencenotinterdependencewaseverything.“Makeyourownway”,”Standonyourowntwofeet”ormynmother’sfavoriteremarkwhenIwasface-to-facewithconsequencesofsomeaction:Nowthatyou’vemadeyourbed,lieonit.  Totalindependenceisadominantthinginourculture.Iimaginethatwhatmyparentsweretryingtoteachmewastotakeresponsibilitiesformyactionsandmychoices.Buttheteachingwasshapedbyourculturalimagines.Andinstead,IgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotallyindependentandconsequentlybecameveryreluctanttoaskforhelp.Iwoulddoalmostanythingnottobeaburden,andnotrequireanyhelpfromanybody.  2011年12月英语四级考试听力答案  听力  11.askthestaff12.bTVprogram13.missingherflight14.atarestaurant15.ofthewoman16.alow-rentapartment17.otpicmorefocused18.theydidnot19.helikes20.thecold21.depressing22.theywork23.french24.careers25.its26.theartof27.toenhance28.howlisteners29.directing30.twoofhisemployee31.advancement32.sheiscompeting33.Thehelp34.Theirwording35.Some  听力篇章36.company37.single38.completely39.vacation40.built41.ecectricity42.evidence43.Journey WhyIntegrityMatters  为什么正直很重要  WhatisIntegrity?  正直是什么?  "Integrity"isdefinedas"adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty."Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.n  对于"integrity"(正直)这个词的定义是“坚守道德伦理原则,诚实”,达到正直的关键是一致性:不仅给自己树立高标准(诚实守信、有责任感、尊重他人、公平公正),更要坚持不懈遵守这些标准。正直的人即使在面对人生中艰难的选择时,比如饱受精神压力、不许失败的外部压力或者充满诱惑的选择,他也能感到道德伦理的约束并遵守准则。  Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.  如果我们说谎了、骗人了、偷盗了、违背其他伦理准则了会如何?我们会对自己感到失望、感到羞愧。正直的缺失对人际关系也会产生影响。在任何重要的人际关系中,不论是私人关系还是职业关系,信任都是必不可少的。可是谁能去相信一个不诚实、不公正的人呢?所以说,正直绝对是我们最重要的目标之一。  RiskyBusiness  风险那些事  Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.  我们每个人都需要对自己的决定负责,即便在做决定的过程中受到了精神压力或同事施加的压力的影响。对于性格的真正考验是看我们能否从过错中吸取经验,解析自己为什么会犯下过错,从而去探索方法,在将来避免类似问题。  Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.n  想要避免将来犯错,做出合乎道德的决定至关重要。我们必须学会认识风险,因为看不到自己承担的风险就做不出负责的决定。想要认识风险,我们需要知道事情的规则,并对实际情况有所察觉。比方说,一个不清楚剽窃规则的人可能不经意间没有向作者守信便用了他的话或观点,一个在研究过程中没有仔细记录资料来源的人可能无意中忘了将资料标注为引用而直接使用。这样的违规虽然不是有意为之,但“无意”并不能作为行为不端的借口,无知不能作为辩护。  "ButEverybodyDoesIt"  别说“每个人都这么干”  Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit,""I'mnothurtinganyone,"or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookingatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.  惹祸上身的人中绝大多数都知道规则和事实,但是他们总能找借口来忽悠自己,抹去所承担的风险,比如“人人都这么干”、“我又没害谁”、“我真的需要这个分数”。有些理由还很复杂:“我知道自己有偷看其他人的试卷,虽然我应该只把目光放在自己的卷子上。但那不是作弊,我不过是核对一下答案,没有抄袭。”我们的行为必须诚实,不要给自己找借口。如果我们自欺欺人地让自己相信没有做错事,那么我们将无法看清自己真正的选择,而这会让我们做出糟糕的决定。  Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sagoodindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.  想要避免自欺欺人,小心不要找借口,另外可以尝试做这个测试:扪心自问,如果你的行为是公开的,每个人都可能在监视你的一举一动,你是会感到骄傲呢还是羞愧呢?如果你想隐瞒自己的行为,那就明确意味着你是在冒风险并给自己找借口。  EvaluatingRisks  评估风险  Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellnastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme"),andsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"0"onatestorassignment;an"F"intheclass;SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.  要判断一件事是否值得冒风险,你必须考虑各种后果:现在的将来的,积极的消极的,对己的对人的。那些冒了风险又后悔的人往往是只关注眼前利益(我有什么好处),却没有考虑会造成什么影响。行为被发现的后果非常严重:考试和作业得零分,这门课不及格,被学校停课或开除,被记过,名誉从此有污点。事实上,一旦你违反了规则或法律,你就失去了对自己生活的控制权,同时给了别人惩罚你的权利,而你连对是何种惩罚也没有掌控,这是极度危险脆弱的处境。也许有些理由可以为这一冒险辩护,什么事关生死、什么原则问题,但是没有多少理由可以把你逼入这一境地。  GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot  侥幸逃脱了?不可能!  Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'tgetthissimplemessage:HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.n  那些没被发现的人付出的代价其实更大。作弊者没有通过考试学到东西,他们剥夺了自己受教育的意义。作弊会瓦解人的自信心和独立性:作弊者是个骗子,他/她知道如果不是通过不诚实的手段,自己已经失败了。作弊摧毁了自尊和正直,让作弊者陷入愧疚、罪恶感和害怕被发现的不安中。最糟糕的是,第一次作弊没被发现的人往往还会进行第二次,不仅因为他/她在学习上更加落后了,也因为作弊看上去更容易。道德的侵蚀、风险的扩大只会导致灾难,最终作弊者会被抓住,而且被抓得越晚,后果越糟。学生会被学校开除是因为不懂这个简单的道理:诚实是唯一政策。  CheatingHurtsOthers,Too  作弊也伤及他人  Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheat,Ican'tcompetewiththosewhodo.")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,butacheatersays,"I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.  作弊者常认为自己的行为是无形的,对别人没有什么意义,不会伤及他人。但其实个人的行为可以日积月累、产生深远影响。作弊可以像疾病n一样传播开来,其他人在教室另一边看到了作弊者的行为,就可能受到鼓动而去作弊。最近的数据显示有30%或以上的大学生都有作弊行为。如果一门课是采取曲线评分的方式(比如分数在前10%的同学得A,接下来的20%得B,剩余70%得C),那么作弊就会影响到其他同学的成绩。即便不是曲线评分,作弊也会毒害班级,让其他同学感到压力而加入其中(那些同学会想“如果我不作弊,我就无法与那些作弊的人竞争取得好成绩”)。作弊对老师也有毁灭性的作用。老师用心教书的真正回报就是看到学生收获知识,但是作弊者却表示:“我对你教什么没有兴趣,我只想作弊得个好分数,不管对别人有什么影响。”最终的结果就是教育质量收到摧毁而显著下滑。到了最后,作弊甚至影响一所学院的声誉,影响那些为自己学业努力奋斗的人。  WhyIntegrityMatters  为什么正直很重要  Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.  如果欺骗成为了规范,那我们就麻烦大了。我们必须每天依赖别人的诚实和善意来生活,如果不是这样,我们不敢将钱存入银行,不敢从别人那里买食品、衣物或药品,不敢开车过桥,不敢做飞机,不敢看牙医……各种“不敢”数不胜数。生活中有很多实例,体现了个人忘记或无视自己不诚实行为后果所造成的巨大伤害。存贷款丑闻、股票和垃圾债券诈骗、当然还有水门事件,如此种种削弱了众多美国公民对于政治领袖、经济高层的信任,乃至对于整个社会的信任。这些事件对美国的国家经济和个人福利都造成了巨大损害。比方说,倘若没有存贷款丑闻,那国家就可能有资金缓解国债,满足教育开支。  Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.  总而言之,在学校、在社区、在社会,我们都有着共同的利害关系,我们的行为会产生影响。为了构建一个我们想要的世界,正直行事至关重要。  PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)  1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.n  A)stickstothemintheirdailylife  B)makesthemknowntoothers  C)understandstheirtruevalues  D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem  2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?  A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit  B)Itfacilitatescommunication  C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust  D)Itinspiresmutualrespect  3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?  A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.  B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.  C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.  D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.  4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?  A.ithascausednoharm.  B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.  C.ithasgoneunnoticed.  D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.  5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?  A.Avoidmakingexcuses.  B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.  C.Makehisintensionspublic.  D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.  6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.  A.willoftenbecomemorecautious  B.areusuallyveryaggressive  C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.  D.mayloseeverythingintheendn  7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.  A)paymoredearly  B)becomemoreconfident  C)bewidelyadmired  D)feelsomewhatlucky  8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowtostealagrade  9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’shonestyandgoodfaith.  10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal.  解析:  今年这次的四级内容很有人文气息,作文刚刚考了“坚持才会有成功”,快速阅读就来了“考试诚信不作弊”。通篇来看,文章难度不太大,通读小标题以后,带着题干的关键词就能定位到原文。  1.答案:A)stickstothemintheirdailylife  第一题的答案就在全文第一句。  关键词:notonly….Butalso….  关键句:Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.  这里的liveupto和选项里的stickto属于同义替换。  2.答案:C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust  关键词:personalandprofessional  定位句:Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.  结合紧接着的问句,我们很容易锁定trust这个选项。  3.关键词:identifytherisksn  关键句:Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.  答案很明显:makeresponsiblechoices  4.关键词:misconduct  关键句:Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.  和原文意义高度一致的,就是这个unintentional。  因此答案是:B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.  5.关键词:fooloneself  关键句:Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest  这里的watchoutfor和选项里的avoid属于同义替换  答案:A  6.关键词:regretlater  关键句:Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme")  很明显,选项valueimmediatebenefitsmost是正确答案。这里的value和focuson属于同义替换  7.关键词:getcaught  关键句:Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.  这里的higherprice和选项里的moredearly属于同义替换  答案:A  8.关键词:careabout  关键句:I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."  9.关键词:relyon  关键句:Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.  10.关键词:politicalandeconomicleaders  关键句:Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.n  第8、9和10只要找到定位词,然后就能找到相关信息。  仔细阅读:  PassageOne:  Absenceofgirlsremovespressuretoconformtomasculinestereotype,claimsUSresearcher  美国研究者认为,男女分校有利于帮男生消除男性形象的压力  RachelWilliamsTheGuardian,Wednesday20January2010  Boys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandaremorelikelytogetinvolvedinactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic,accordingtoresearchreleasedtoday.  据今日发布的研究表示,男校是教育年轻男性表达情感最佳的地点,也更有可能让他们进行艺术、跳舞和音乐等活动。  Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinityinwhichstudentseithersinkorswim,theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype,theUSstudysays.  这项美国研究说明,与传统文化形象强调的凡事靠自己、进取向上的男性特征不同,学校里没有女生,给了男生在没有典型形象压力下自主发展的机会。  Boysatsinglesexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".  在男校里,男生们可以有更多的机会参与文化和艺术活动,帮助他们发展情感表现力。他们不用强迫自己遵守“男生代码”,隐藏内心的感情表现得像个“真正的男人”。  Thereport,presentedataconferenceoftheInternationalBoys'SchoolsCoalitioninLondonattendedbytheheadsofprivateandstateschools,goesagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.  该研究报告发表于在伦敦举行的国际男校联盟会议上,众多私立学校和公立学校的主管领导与会。报告驳斥了认为男生跟女生一起能学得更好的传统常识。  TheheadmasterofEton,TonyLittle,warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticisednteachersforfailingtorecognisethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls,despitethefactthatgirls"turnonthewaterworks".  伊顿公学的校长TonyLittle警告说,现在的英国教育体系太过关注女生,可能会造成男生的教育失败。他批评教师们没有意识到,虽然女生很容易哭泣,但男生其实比女生情感更丰富。  Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomedemoralisedwhentheirfemalecounterpartsdobetterearlierinverbalskillsandreading,becausetheleftsideofthebraindevelopsfasteringirls.Theyalsofelttheyhadtobe"cool"ratherthanstudious.  研究认为,在男女混合学校中,男生通常表现较差。因为女生的左脑发展较快,所以女生在口语技能和阅读能力方面的优势会较早突显,相形见绌之下,男生会士气低落,会觉得表现得酷酷地比学习用功更自在。  Butinsinglesexschoolsteachersareabletotailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudy'sauthor,educationexpertAbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.  该研究的作者是弗吉尼亚大学大学的教育专家AbigailJames。他在文中写到,在男校中,教师会为男生们量身制作适合他们学习方式的课程,允许他们在教室自由活动,组队竞赛避免沉闷。  Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwithspecifically"boy-focused"approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Boysinboys'schools"loved"topenversebecausetheyenjoyedthe"inherentstructureinpoems",Jamessaid.Because,theresearcherssay,boysgenerallyhavebetterspatialskills,moreacutevision,learnbestthroughtouch,aremoreimpulsiveandmorephysicallyactive,theyneedtobegiven"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround,withthisnaturalimpulsenotseenasdisruptive."Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminineandpreferthemoderngenreinwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,"Jameswrote.  AbigailnJames表示,教师可以采用特定的“以男生为中心”的教学方式,选一些会吸引男生的主题和人物,鼓励他们享受阅读和写作的乐趣。男校的男生会“热爱”写诗,因为他们喜欢“诗歌的内在结构”。James表示,这是因为男生通常空间技巧更强,视觉更敏锐,触觉是他们最好的学习方式,他们比女生更冲动也更好动,所以需要为男生提供一些“实践操作”的课程,可以允许他们在教室里自由活动,这样才不至于破坏他们的本性。James在文中写到:“男女混校中的男生会觉得古典音乐很女人,所以会更喜欢主题为暴力和性别主义的现代音乐。”  Singlesexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypegainedfromthemediabygirlsthatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inthepresentsexualisedatmosphereprevalentinmixedschools,boysfeelcoercedintoactinglikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,"thereportsaid.  分校教育也可以让男生不用遵守另外一种固定形象:那就是女生通常会从电影电视中总结出男生在男女关系中专横和负责的形象。报告中表示:“现在的男女混校明显存在性别化氛围,男生还没有对自己有足够多的了解懂得男性特征的意义,就被迫要表现得像个男人一样。”  Passage1  57.C.encourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreely  58.A.performrelativelybetter  59.C.Itfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed.  60.A.teachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys  61.B.Theyconformtostereotypes.  PassageTwo:  Aremoneyproblemsdrivingyouapart?  是钱的问题让你们分手了?  Sometimeslovereallycanbemeasuredinpoundsandpence.  有时候爱情可能真的会用金钱来衡量。  It'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isaythatyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear–wejustwon'tgo.  每年大家都会因为这个吵来吵去:我们去不去旅行?我家的那位会说不去,因为热水器可能会坏,屋顶可能会塌下来,我们没钱救自己。我会说人只能活一次,我们工作这么辛苦,不去度假生活又有什么意义。不好今年经济不景气也好,明年不会吵架了,因为我们是不会去旅行了。  Sincemoneyisreputedtobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorenthannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peopleinMaythisyearfound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.ArecentreportfromICOR(theonlineInformationCentreonRelationships)citedresearchshowingargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples–evenmoresototheirchildren.Disputeswerecharacterisedbyintenseverbalaggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.  钱应该是最可能让一段关系跌入谷底的东西了,所以我们应该心怀感激。对于大部分家庭来说,经济不景气可不仅仅是不能去度假这么简单。YouGov调研公司在今年5月进行的一项2000人的民意调查显示,22%的人表示,会因为对金钱的担忧跟伴侣吵架。不过现在并不清楚经济衰退时期离婚和分居比率会否上升——财务压力意味着夫妻会吵架更多,但很难承担分手。在线人际关系信息中心ICOR近期的一项报告援引研究结果显示,关于金钱的吵架尤其容易伤害夫妻的关系:对孩子们的伤害更大。金钱纠纷主要表现为激烈的言语攻击,两人会多次争吵但问题仍无法解决,男性会比女性情绪更为气愤。  Sowhyareargumentsaboutmoneysoemotive?Sincetheyseemtobesoevenwithoutarecession,theyhavetobeaboutmorethanliterallypoundsandpence.  为什么关于钱的争吵会让人很情绪化?即使并非经济衰退期也是如此,而这样的争吵也不单纯只是关于钱而已。  KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolises,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentconceptionsofwhatitisfor,"heexplains."Theywillsayit'stosave,tospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem,tokeepscore."  职业心理学家KimStephenson认为,人们会对钱的问题小题大做,是因为钱对男性和女性有着不同的象征意义。他解释道:“人们都会谈论钱,但是心中却对钱有不同的概念。钱是用来省的,用来花的,保障安全,赢取自由,用来向某人表示你爱他/她,用来得分。”  Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatus,oftryingtobestthemandowntheroadwho'sjustboughtaflashcar,andofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething.Hewarnsthat,whilecouplesneedenoughmoneynotntostruggleandbeunhappy,anextra£5,000abovethatamountwon'tmakethemanyhappier.  他表示男性更容易把钱当做某些手段:买到地位,赢过附近刚刚买了辆拉风汽车的人,或者向父母表现他们的成功。他警告道,虽然夫妻需要足够的钱让生活不至于艰辛不幸福,但再多5000英镑的金额也无法让他们更幸福。  "Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhatisgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofatabooabouttalkingaboutmoneythantalkingaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyouaredoing,whoispayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationshipyoudon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit."  “最大的问题是夫妻会认为彼此了解他们的财政状况,但其实并非这样。谈论金钱比谈论死亡其实更算是禁忌。但夫妻需要了解清楚家里的情况,联名账户谁在付多少?账户里大家各自又有多少?一段健康的关系中,你们不需要对钱有相同的看法,但大家需要谈论关于钱的事情。”  ResearchfromawholesomeorganisationintheUScalledtheNationalHealthyMarriageResourceCentersaysthatestablishinga"fairandequitablepatternofhandlingmoneyearlyinmarriageappearstobeimportantforthequalityandstabilityofthemarriage".Admittingyourincomestoeachotherandmakingbudgetsforyourhouseholdexpensesmaynotseemromanticbutitis,infact,thereallanguageoflove.  美国卫生组织国家健康婚姻资源中心的研究表示,“在婚姻初期,建立公平公正的金钱处理模式,对婚姻的质量和稳定性很重要”。对彼此的收入坦诚相待,对家庭的开支进行规划,听起来可能不浪漫,但其实这才是爱情真正的语言。  Passage2  62.C.Itmakesallthehardworkworthwhile.  63.D.Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.  64.A.conflictsbetweencouplestendtorise  65.D.Menandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways.  66.C.discussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationshipPartVCloze  Employersfeartheywillbeunablerecruitstudentswiththeskillstheyneedastheeconomicrecoverykicksin,anewsurvey67.reveals.n  Nearlyhalfoforganisationstoldresearcherstheywerealreadystrugglingtofind68.staffwithskillsinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(STEM),69.whileevenmorecompaniesexpecttoexperience70.shortagesofemployeeswithStemskillsinthenextthreeyears.  TheConfederationofBritishIndustryandthevocationalqualificationsbodyEDI71.surveyed694organisationsacrossthepublicand72.privatesectors,whichtogetheremploy2.4millionpeople.  Halfare73.concernedtheywillnotbeabletofillgraduatepostsinthecomingyears,whileathirdsaidtheywouldnotbeableto74.recruitenoughemployeeswiththerightA-levelskills.  "75.Aswemovefurtherintorecoveryandbusinessesplan76.forgrowth,thedemandforpeoplewithhigh-qualityskillsandqualificationswill77.intensify,"saidRichardLambert,directorgeneral,CBI.  "Inthefuture,peoplewithqualificationsinscienceandmathswillbeparticularlysoughtafter,andfirmssayitisalreadyhardtofindpeoplewiththeright78.technicalorengineeringskills.Thenewgovernmentmustmakeitatop79.prioritytoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudyscience-related80.subjects."  Thesurveyfoundthatyoungpeoplewouldimprovetheirjobprospects81.iftheystudiedbusinessstudies,maths,EnglishandphysicsorchemistryatA-level.TheA-levelsthatemployers82.rateleastarepsychologyandsociology.Andwhilemanyemployersdon'tinsistona83.particulardegreesubject,athirdprefertohirethosewithaStem-relatedsubject.  Theresearch84.highlightedworriesaboutthelackofprogressinimprovingbasicskillsintheUK85.workforce.Halfofemployersexpressedworriesaboutemployees'basicliteracyandnumeracyskills,whilethebiggestproblemiswithITskills,86.wheretwo-thirdsreportedconcerns.  67.reveals  68.staff  69.while  70.shortagesn  71.surveyed  72.private  73.concerned  74.recruit  75.As  76.for  77.intensify  78.technical  79.priority  80.subjects  81.if  82.rate  83.particular  84.highlighted  85.workforce  86.where翻译部分:  87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiestoraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake.(为地震幸存者筹款)  88.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail(不可能收到我的电子邮件),otherwise,shecouldhavereplied.  89.It’smymotherwho/thatkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy.  90.Thepublishinghousehastoconsiderthepopularityofthisnovel.(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。  91.It’swrongtodefinehappinessonlybymoney.(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)  PartVITranslation  87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiestoraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake.(为地震幸存者筹款)n  【解析】本题考察动词raise的用法。raisemoney表示“筹款”。同时考生要注意survivor(幸存者)的拼写。  88.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail(不可能收到我的电子邮件),otherwise,shecouldhavereplied.  【解析】本题考察混合型虚拟语气。otherwise提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实相反(事实是Linda没有回复),因此用could+have+过去分词。句子前半句是在陈述一种事实,从句子后半句couldhave+过去分词我们可以推断前面“没有收到我的电子邮件”也是在发生在过去,且对现在产生了影响(还没有收到回信),因此这里用现在完成时,couldhave+过去分词。  89.It’smymotherwho/thatkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy.  【解析】本题考察了强调句型和动词encourage的搭配。①强调句型it’s…that/who…②encouragesb.(not)todosth.鼓励某人(不)做某事。  90.Thepublishinghousehastoconsiderthepopularityofthisnovel.(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。  【解析】本题考察了“考虑”的表达,可以用动词consider,也可以用词组take…intoconsideration。同时考生要注意名词popularity(受欢迎程度)的拼写。  91.It’swrongtodefinehappinessonlybymoney.(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)  【解析】本题考察了“定义”的表达,为define。命题要求:"you'reallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftime."You'dwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words."  【参考范文】  “Wherethereisawill,thereisway”isanoldproverbwhichalmosteveryoneknows,butnotallunderstanditsowell.Actually,itmeansthatifyouarereallyresolvedtodosomething,nomatterhowdifficultitmightbe,nevergiveup.  Infact,strongwillisakindofgoodqualitywhichsuccessfulpeopleshouldown.Agreatmanisalwaysonewhohasafirmresolutionandaninflexiblespirit.Onewillneversucceedallhislifewithoutafirmwilltogetthefinalvictory.Asanrule,greattasksareaccomplishedbymenofstrongwill.Forexample,Dr.SunYatsen,thefounderoftheRepublicofChina,settheChinesepeoplefreefromtheManchurianrulethroughalongperiodofhardstruggle.Manyofhisattemptsfailedandmanyofhisfollowerswerekilled,buthehadaninflexiblespiritandstucktohiscause.Finally,hemadetherevolutionof1911asuccess.Thesameistrueofmeninallwalksoflife.  Itisquiteobviousthatthereisnothingdifficultintheworld,ifyoumakeupyourmindtodoit,youwillcertainlyaccomplishyourend.Thatstandstoreason.Soasforstudentslikeus,weshouldhaveagoodattitudetowardsfailure.Facingwithdifficultiesandfailures,keepheadsupandnevergiveup.Besides,weshouldmakefullpreparation,thoughstrongwillhelpusovercomethedifficulties,itisnotforpersonwhohasnopreparation.
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