英语专业四级预测试题及答案

英语专业四级预测试题及答案

Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet.The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,____31_______,dependsfirstand32onitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoney33onthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfoodandclothing,and“services”suchastransportand“__34__”.Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostof35haveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdepends36agreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilanda37climate;otherregionspossessnoneofthem.Nexttonaturalresources38theabilitytoturnthemtouse.Chinaisperhapsaswell39astheUSAinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromciviland40wars,and41thisandotherreasonswas42todevelopherresources.43andstablepoliticalconditions,and44_____fromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywell45bynaturebutlesswellordered.Acountry'sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumed46itownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.47Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyon48_grownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwould49belacking.Acountry’swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,50thatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.31.A.howeverB.thereforeC.neverthelessD.furthermore32.A.primaryB.principalC.foremostD.uniquely33.A.orB.norC.butD.except34.A.recreationB.enlightenmentC.refreshmentD.entertainment35.A.ifB.themC.whichD.that36.A.withB.forC.toD.on37.A.neutralB.favorablC.virtuousD.marine38.A.comesB.comeC.comingD.camen39.A.offB.knownC.doneD.furnished40.A.militaryB.externalC.contemporaryD.domestic41.A.forB.becauseC.becauseofD.dueto42.A.ImpossibleB.IncapableC.unableD.proficient43.A.StrongB.SturdyC.SoundD.Robust44.A.libertyB.freedomC.preventionD.liberation45.A.assistedB.avengedC.rescuedD.served46.A.withB.withinC.nearD.without47.A.InshortB.ForexampleC.firstlyD.Ononehand48.A.thoseB.whatC.thatD.it49.A.likelyB.likewiseC.certainlyD.otherwise50.A.providedB.dependedC.givenD.supposedPARTIVGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY[15MIN]Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.51.Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewine__________isgoodforhishealth.A.asB.thanC.thatD.but52.Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker__________hisworkontime.A.accomplishesB.canaccomplishC.accomplishD.hasaccomplishedn53.Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow,butatfirstIthoughtthathe__________today.A.wascomingB.iscomingC.willcomeD.come54.Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge__________ourthinking.AwhichtobebasedonB.whichtobebaseuponC.uponwhichtobaseD.towhichtobebased55.Ididn'tcalltomakemyairlinereservation,butI__________.A.shouldhaveB.mayhaveC.musthaveD.shallhave56.It’sthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates,__________?A.isn'tsheB.hasn'tsheC.isn'titD.hasn'tit57.Ithinkthatthelaborbillwillpass;it's____________thatitwill.A.almostsurelyB.verylikelyC.nearpositiveD.quitecertainly58.Anincreaseinanation'smoneysupply,withoutanaccompanyingincreaseineconomicactivity,__________resultinhigherprices.A.tendsB.tendstheC.tendingtoD.willtendto59.X-raysareabletopassthroughobjectsandthusmake__________detailsthatareotherwiseimpossibletoobserve.A.itvisibleB.visiblynC.visibleD.theyarevisible60.Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun__________250dollars.A.ashighasB.ashightoC.sohightoD.sohighas61.Hewillnotbe__________tovoteinthisyear'selection.A.enougholdB.asoldenoughC.oldenoughD.enougholdas62.ThomasJefferson'sachievementsasanarchitectrivalhiscontributions__________apolitician.A.suchB.moreC.asD.than63.Accordingtotheconditionsofmyscholarship,afterfinishingmydegree__________.A.myeducationwillbeemployedbytheuniversityB.employmentwillbegiventomebytheuniversityC.theuniversitywillemploymeD.Iwillbeemployedbytheuniversity64.IfBob'swifewon'tagreetosignthepapers,____________.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwillheC.neitherwon'theD.hewon'tneither65._____isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As66.Aviolentrevolutionhavingbrokenout,alltheportsofthatcountrywerelaidundera(n)n______.A.boycottB.embargoC.embarkD.ban67.Since_________can'tworkintheUnitedStateswithoutapermit,soitisofgreatimportanceforthemtopresenttheircredentialstothegovernment.A.emigrantsB.expatriatesC.migrantsD.immigrants68.Mostinvestorsaretaughtattheverybeginningthatthereisnoplacefor__________ininvestmentmarkets.A.feelingB.emotionC.passionD.sentiment69.I__________myordinaryincomebydoingsomepart-timework.A.complimentB.ComplementC.supplementD.implement70.Beforethestatuecouldbe__________totheUnitedStates,asitehadtobefoundforitandapedestalhadtobebuilt.A.transformedB.transportedC.transferredD.transmitted71.Thefinaldocumentwas,ofcourse,supposedtomendthedamage__________upontheworldbythewar,A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed72.Roger,who__________incourage,ishighlyrespectedbyallhispeersinthevillages.A.boundsB.possessesC.declaresD.abounds73.Thetouristsaretoldthattheremotestvillageinthisareaisonly_________byariver.A.accessibleB.availableC.obtainableD.achievablen74.He__________interruptedmebyaskingirrelevantquestions.A.continuallyB.continuouslyC.consistentlyD.constantly75.Beingamanof_________andpublicspirit.Mr.RusselllaboredzealouslytoadvancetheinterestofthecommunityandwasmuchinterestedinbringingnewmanufacturingintereststoWaterloo.A.firmB.enterpriseC.companyD.corporation76.Whenpeopledothingswrongweshouldtryhardtoforgivethem,astheidiomgoes,“To______ishuman.”A.referB.conferC.deferD.err77.Althoughgainingajobasareal__________agentorbrokermayberelativelyeasy,beginningagentsandbrokersmayfacecompetitionfromwell-established,moreexperiencedones.A.propertyB.estateC.houseD.assets78.TheconstitutionoftheStaterequiredthatpropertyshouldbe__________fortaxationatitsmarketvalue.A.estimatedB.appraisedC.evaluatedD.valued79.OnJune15,1909,afterScottfinishedhisrushedplansforhis________totheSouthPole,hedepartedfromEngland.A.tourB.voyageC.expeditionD.excursion80.Thegovernmentauthorityhadto__________oilandotherproductssothatitwouldnotrunoutduringwar.A.shareB.fareC.provideD.rationPARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]nInthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TEXTAAllSirWilliamJoneswantedtodowastolearnSanskrit.Whilehewasstudying,however,hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.ThisancientlanguageofIndiawasamazinglysimilartoLatinandGreek.TheSanskritwordfor"mother"—matar—wasalmostidenticaltotheLatinword,mater.“Father”waspitarinSanskrit,paterinLatinandGreek.Themorehestudied,themoresimilaritieshefound.Howcouldthisbe?ThousandsofmilesandmanynaturalbarriersseparatedIndiaandEurope.Still,Jonesconcluded,thesimilaritiesweretoostrongtobeaccidental.In1786,heannounced“Noonecouldexaminethemallthree,withoutbelievingthemtohavesprungfromsomecommonsource.”Sincethen,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagestothis“commonsource.”Today,theselanguagesarecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.Butwheredidthissourceoriginate?Languageandgeographyprovidetheclues.EuropeanlanguageshavesimilarwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofnorthernEurope,suchasoak,willow,bear,andwolf.TherearenocommonwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofsouthernEurope.Toscholars,thissuggeststhattheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesbeganinnorthcentralEurope.Intime,somenorthernEuropeanssetouttowardtheeast,settlinginIran,India,andPakistan.OthersmigratedwestwardtowardsouthernandwesternEurope.Therootlanguagedevelopedintodozensofdifferentlanguages,butthefamilyresemblancesremain.Thewordfor“three”isdreiinGerman,tresinSpanish,treinAlbanian,andtriinRussian.AlmosteverylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily,butthereareexceptions.HungarianandFinnishclingtootherlanguagefamilies.HighinthePyrenees,theBasquepeoplespeakalanguagethathasnoknownrelatives.PerhapstheBasquesweretheoriginalinhabitantsoftheregion.Isolatedbymountains,theymayhavebeenbypassedbythespreadofIndo-Europeanculture.81.WhatdidSirWilliamJonesdiscoverwhenhewaslearningSanskrit?A.SanskritwasverysimilartosomeEuropeanlanguages.B.Sanskritwasanancientlanguage.C.TheSanskritwordformotheristhesameasthatinLatin.D.LatinandGreekwereverysimilar.82.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout"thecommonsource"?A.Jonesfoundoutthecommonsource.B.Alllanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.C.Onlythreelanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.D.Since1786,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagestothecommonsource.83.Wheredidthecommonsourceoriginate?A.InsouthernEurope.B.Innorth-centralEurope.C.InIndia.D.inPakistan.84.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Jonesfirstdiscoveredtherootlanguage.B.ThelanguageswiththecommonsourcearecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.nC.Therootlanguagedevelopedintodifferentlanguagesaspeoplemigrated.D.EverylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily.TEXTBYourfirstcultureshockcameafteryouleftyourhomecountryandyouneededtoadjusttotheUnitedStates,Itisnowimportanttolearnculturalinformationaboutyourcompany,sothatyouwillfitinandperformsuccessfully.Thepeoplewhomakeupthisenvironmenthavetheirowncustoms,habitsandexpectationsofeachnewemployee.Gatheringinformationthatisformal(policy)andinformal(traditions)willhelpyoulearntheprofessionalnormsandbecomefullyaccepted.Policiesarecorporatedocumentsdescribingprocedures,rules,andstandardsthatguidedecisionmakingandconduct.Theyaresimilartoofficiallawsthatgovernacountry.Somesourcesofsuchwrittencompanyinformationincludetheannualreport,productorservicebrochures,technicalandproceduralmanual,employeedirectoryandthecompanynewsletter.Organizationaltraditionsareusuallyunwrittenhutcommonpracticesthathaveevolvedovertime.Theysetthetoneandphilosophyoftheparticularcorporation,justasthecustomsofacountrydo.Thebestwaytolearnsuchinformationistoobserveandtalkwithotherssuchasyoursupervisorandco-workers.Youcansupplementideasfromformalintroductorymaterialsgivenyouearlier.Explorewithfellowemployeesthosebehaviorsthatmaybetoleratedbutfrownedupon.Askyoursupervisorforfeedbacktoavoidtypicaltrapsthatcouldcauseyourco-workerstorejectyouasaprofessional.Keepthisguidenearby,andrefertoitofteninprivate.Reviewingformalcompanyprocedures,handouts,writtennotes,ideas,commentsfrombossesandcolleagues,togetherwithmaterialsinthishandbook,willhelpyoumakeamorehealthyculturaladjustment.85.Whatisthepurposetolearnculturalinformation?A.ToknowtheU.S.A.better.B.Toworkbetterinthenewenvironment.C.Tomakemoremoney.D.Toimproveone'sEnglish.86.Accordingtothepassage,___________isnotthepolicy'sfunction.A.describingprocedures,rulesandstandardsB.governingacountryC.helpingtoguidedecisionmakingandconductnD.writingdownthecompany'sinformation87.____________isthebestwaytolearntheorganizationaltraditions.A.ToreadthepoliciesB.TostudythephilosophyC.Tostudyacountry'scustomsD.Toobserveandcommunicatewiththecolleaguesandboss.88.Howtomakeamorehealthyculturaladjustment?A.Readthispassageoften.B.Discusstheorganizationalculturewithyourcolleagues.C.Gatherandreviewtheformalandinformalinformationinthecorporation.D.Askyourbossforhelp.89.Thepassageiswrittento___________.A.helpreaderstounderstandtheorganization'scultureB.explainthecultureshockC.analyzethepoliciesandtraditionsD.helpreaderstoworkbetterwiththeirsupervisorandco-workersTEXTC“WhitehostilitytowardAfricanAmericans,andtheresultingdiscrimination,havebeenfueledbyasenseofthreat.Duringslavery,manyworking-classwhites,encouragedbyslaveholders,fearedthereleaseoflargenumbersofblacksintothelabormarketandsocietyingeneral.WhennorthernindustriesusedAfricanAmericansasstrikebreakersinthefirstdecadesofthiscentury,whiteworkersfearedthelossoftheirjobs.Today,manywhiteAmericansfear“blackviolence”.Moreover,specificfearsaboutthe“costs”ofwelfareaswellasthe"taking"ofjobsthroughaffirmativeactionhaveaddedtothefearofblackviolence.ThesefearshavetranslatedintonegativestereotypesofAfricanAmericansasapeoplewhoarepronetocrimeandviolence,unwillingtowork,andadrainonthewhitetaxpayerthroughtheirnwelfaredependency.Inturn,thesestereotypeshavebeenusedtojustifyinformaldiscrimination,topreventthehelptotheurbanpoor,tobenegligentinenforcinglawsorpoliciesprohibitingdiscriminatorypracticesagainstblackworkers,andmostimportant,tohesitateinmakingaseriouseffortatjobcreationforAfricanAmericans.TheresultisthatAfricanAmericans’shareofvaluedresourceshasnotincreasedmuchoverthelasttwodecades,evenasformaldiscriminationhasbeengreatlylessened.ThisfactisusedtofurtherthenegativebeliefthatAfricanAmericanshave"nottakenadvantageoftheirequalopportunities."90.Accordingtothepassage,howdidthenorthernindustriesmakeuseofAfricanAmericansin1900s?A.Sentthemtoaskthestrikerstogobacktowork.B.Madethemworkveryhard.C.Employedthemtothreatenthewhitestrikers.D.Releasedthemintothelabormarket.91.Whatistheillinfluenceofthesenegativestereotypes?A.Givinghelptothepoorblack.B.Justifyinginformaldiscrimination.C.Enforcinglawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypracticesagainstblackworkers.D.Creatingopportunitiesofemploymentfortheblack.92.Whatcanbeinferredfrom"adrainonthewhitetaxpayer"abouttheAfricanAmericans?A.Theyareunwillingtowork.B.Theyneverpaytax.C.Theylacksecurity.D.Theirwelfaredependsonthewhite'stax.93.Theauthorwrotethepassagetotellus__________.A.AfricanAmericansposeathreattothewhitesinemploymentB.AfricanAmericansaredependentonthetaxpaidbythewhitesnC.AfricanAmericansarediscriminatedagainstbecausetheyareoftenonstrikeD.thesenseofthreatintensifiesthewhite'shospitalityanddiscriminationagainsttheAfricanAmericansTEXTD“Peoplethoughtofthemselvesashavingrightsfromcompanies,”saidHoshuaFreeman,alaborhistorianatColumbiaUniversity.ThatsenseofentitlementgrewevenstrongerintheearlydecadesafterWorldWarIIandcollectivebargainingbecamethearenaforarguingoutwages,pensions,healthinsurance,vacations,hoursandjobsecurity.Thatsystemisdisappearingtoday.Career-longattachmentstooneemployer,anotionborninthe1920's,arenolongerthe.norm.Thenewclass-consciousnessmakeslessdistinctionbetweenworkersandmanagers.Rightsarerelative,atbest.Anincreasinglyconservativeelectoratehasreducedgovernment'sroleinregulatingtheeconomy.Unionshavelostinfluenceandmembership.Whatpeopledoistrytocope,bythemselves,saidMs.Skelly,ofDYG.Self-employmentisonesolution,DYG'spollsshow,andthatisarisingtrend."Theytry,onthejob,tohideanyweaknessintheirperformance,"shesaid.“Theyworklongerhoursandtakeworkhome,withoutlettingthebossknow,togivetheimpressionthattheycandodifficulttasksquickly.Thereisnothinglike,‘weareallinthistogether.’Thereistoomuchcompetition.Peopletalkoftheirweaknesstofriendsandspouses,butnottocoworkers.”AndmanyAmericansfeelintheirheartsthattheunemploymentmightbejustified.“Thereisasenseamongpeoplethatweareinefficientandbloated,”Ms.Skellysaid.“Anduntiltheyfeelthatisnolongertrue,theyarereluctanttocriticizetheforcesthatarecuttingoutthefatandtheinefficiencies.”94.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat___________.A.peopledonotenjoytheirrightsnowadaysB.peoplearemorelikelytochangetheirjobsthantheywereinthe1920'sC.workersandmanagerssharethesamerightstodayD.nowadays,peoplerefusetotakepartintheUnion95.AccordingtoMsSkelly,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Peopleliketoworkovertime.nB.Peoplewanttoworkathome.C.Peoplewanttoimpressthebosswiththeircapabilityandefficiency.D.Peopleneedhelpfromtheirfamilies,fortheycannotcopewithdifficultproblemsthemselves.96.Peoplehidetheirweaknessfrom___________.A.theirparentsB.theirwivesorhusbandsC.theirfriendsD.theircolleagues97.Themainideaofthepassageis___________.A.peoplethoughtofthemselvesashavingrightsfromcompaniesB.people'ssenseofentitlementisnotasstrongasitusedtobeC.peopleworkathomeD.peopleregardunemploymentasusualTEXTEYoumaynothavethoughtofitjustthisway,buttheletteryouwriteispartofyou,andexpressionofyourpersonality.Thereforetowritelettersthataremerepatternsofformistopresentacolorlesspersonality.Letters,bytheirverynature,aretooindividualtobestandardized.Alettermaybeabsolutelyperfectaccordingtothestandardsofgoodtasteandgoodform;butunlessitalsoexpressessomethingofthewriter'spersonality,itisnotagoodletter.Inotherwords,don'tbesatisfiedtowritelettersthatarejustcorrectandnothingmore.Trytowritelettersthatarecorrectforyou...lettersthatarewarmandalivewithreflectionsofyourownpersonality.Andifthissoundslikeaplatitude(陈词滥调),stopforamomentandthinkbackoveryourrecentcorrespondence.Whatwasthemostinterestingletteryoureceived?Wasitaletteranyonecouldhavewritten?Orwasitaletterthatinstantly“camealive”asyoureadit—thatbroughtthepersonalityofthesenderrightintotheroomwithyou.asthoughyouwerefacetoface,listeninginsteadofreading?nThefaultwithtoomanyletters,todayasinthepast—thereasonsomanylettersaredullandlifeless,andoftenfailtoaccomplishthepurposeforwhichtheyarewrittenissimplythis:Theysoundexactlyliketheletterseveryoneelsewrites.Theyareneitherexcitingtoreceivenorstimulatingtoread.98.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“theletteryouwriteispartofyou”?A.Writinglettersplaysanimportantpartinyourlife.B.Whenyouwriteletters,youshouldbecarefulaboutwhattowrite.C.Peoplecanseeyourpersonalityfromthelettersyouwrite.D.Youshouldwritegoodletters.99.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexplaininthefourthparagraph?A.Agoodletterpresentsone'spersonality.B.Hisopinionisaplatitude.C.Letter-writingisinteresting.D.Talkingfacetofaceisabetterwaytocommunicatethanwritingletters.100.Thebesttitleforthepassageis___________.A.LetterWritingB.PersonalityinLetterWritingC.ToWriteInterestingLettersD.ToWriteCorrectLettersPARTVIWRITING[45MIN]SECTIONACOMPOSITION[35MIN]Weallknowthatmenandwomenplaydifferentrolesinmodernsociety,andthattheydifferinmanyways,suchashowtoperceivetheworld,howtotackleproblemsandhowtoapproachpeople.Thinkabouttheissueanddiscussthedifferentwaysinwhichmenandwomenbehaveintermsofinterpersonalrelationships,expressingaffection,friendshipandviewsonbeauty.WriteonANSWERSHEETTWOacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:nTheDifferentApproachesorPerceptionsofMenandWomenYouaretowriteinthreeparts.Inthefirstpart,stateyourviewonthisissue.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithdetailsorexamples.Inthelastpart,bringwhat,youhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillberewardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.SECTIONBNOTE-WRITING[10MIN]WriteonANSWERSHEETTWOanoteofabout50-60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:YouareWilliamorAileen.Youareinvitedthisweekendtoafarewellpartyhostedbyyourfriend,Sandy,whoisgoingabroadforhisPhD.Study.However,youareunabletoseehimoff.Writehimanotepolitelydeclininghisinvitationandexpressingyourgoodwishestohim.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.-THEEND-PartIII31-35BCCDC36-40CBAAB41-45ACCBD46-50BBADAPartIV51-55BCACA56-60CBDCA61-65CCDBD66-70BDDCB71-75ADAAB76-80DBBCDPartV81-84ADBC85-89BBDCB90-93CBDD94-97BCDB98-100CAB