2012年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案

2012年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案

2012年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案一、词汇选项：本部分为l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。　　1.WealmostranintoaRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.  　　A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found　　2.Heshiftedhispositionalittle,inordertoalleviate thepaininhisleg.　　A.controlB.easeC.experienceD.suffer　　3.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthservice,andwesucceeded.　　A.offerB.provideC.fund D.modernize　　4.Everyweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-knownsportspersonality.　　A.descriptionB.successC.evidenceD.plan　　5.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.　　A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement　　6.Newbornbabiescandiscriminatebetweenaman’sandawoman’svoice.　　A.treatB.expressC.distinguishD.analyze　　7.Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.　　A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy　　8.Nothingwouldinducemetovoteforhimagain.　　A.teachB.helpC.attractD.discourage　　9.WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn’tresisthaveapeep.n　　A.chanceB.lookC.visitD.try　　10.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.　　A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely　　11.Hewaswearyoftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.　　A.fondB.proudC.tiredD.afraid　　12.Shemovesfromoneexoticlocationtoanother.　　A.unusualB.familiarC.similarD.proper　　13.HehasbeengrantedasyluminFrance.　　A.protectionB.powerC.reliefD.license　　14.Thephotographsevokedmemoriesofour　　A.storedB.blockedC.erased D.refreshed　　15.Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks.A.emptyB.bigC.longD.new二、阅读判断短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。　　Europa’swateryunderworld　　Europa,oneofJupiter’s63knownmoons,looksbrightandicyonthesurface.Butappearancescanbedeceiving:Mileswithinitscracked,frigidshell,Europaprobablyhidesgiantpoolsofliquidwater.Wherescientistsfindliquidwater,theyhopetofindlifeaswell.　　Sincewecan’tgodivingintoEuropa’sdepthsjustyet,scientistsinsteadhavetoinvestigatethemoon’ssurfaceforcluestowhatliesbeneath.Inanewstudy,scientistsinvestigatedonegroupofstrangeicepatternsonEuropaandconcludedthattheformationsmarkthetopofanundergroundpoolthatholdsasmuchwaterastheU.S.GreatLakes.　　PicturesofEuropa,whichisslightlysmallerthanEarth’smoon,clearlyshowatangled,icymishmashoflinesandcracksknownas“chaosterrains.”ThesechaoticnplacescovermorethanhalfofEuropa.Formorethan10years,scientistshavewonderedwhatcausestheformations.Thenewstudysuggeststhattheyarisefromthemixingofvastundergroundstoresofliquidwaterwithicymaterialnearthesurface.　　ForscientistswhosuspectthatEuropaalsomaybehidinglifebeneathitsicysurface,thenewsaboutthenewlakeisexciting.　　“Itwouldbegreatiftheselakesharboredlife,”BritneySchmidt,aplanetaryscientistwhoworkedonthestudy,toldScienceNews.“Buteveniftheydidn’t,theysaythatEuropaisdoingsomethinginterestingandactiverightnow.”　　Schmidt,ascientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,andhercolleagueswantedtoknowhowchaosterrainsform.Sincetheycouldn’trockettoEuropatoseeforthemselves,theysearchedforsimilarformationshereonEarth.TheystudiedcollapsediceshelvesinAntarcticaandicycapsonvolcanoesinIceland.ThosefeaturesonEarthformedwhenliquidwatermixedwithice.ThescientistsnowsuspectsomethingsimilarmightbehappeningonEuropa:thataswaterandiceofdifferenttemperaturesmingleandshift,thesurfacefractures.Thiswouldexplainthejumbledicesculptures.　　“FracturingcatastrophicallydisruptstheiceinthesamewaythatitcausesiceshelvestocollapseonEarth,”SchmidttoldScienceNews.SheandherteamfoundthattheprocesscouldbecausingchaosterrainstoformquicklyonEuropa.　　Thenewstudysuggeststhatonthismoon,elementssuchasoxygenfromthesurfaceblendwiththedeepbodiesofwater.Thatmixturemaycreateanenvironmentthatsupportslife.　　16.TheliquidwaterofanundergroundpoolofEuropaisestimatedxxxxxoftheUSGreatlakes.　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention　　17.ThestrangeicepatternsonEuropaareformedasaresultofaxxxxxundergroundwaterpool.　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention　　18.EuropaisthemostrecentlydiscoveredoneamongJupiter’s　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention　　19.ThesizeofEuropaisabitlargerthanthatofEarth’smoon.　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentionn　　20.SchmidtandhercolleaguesarethefirstgroupofscientistsxxxxxEuropa.　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention　　21.TheformationsonEuropa’ssurfaceareratheruniqueinthe　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention　　22.Theexistenceofliquidwaterisanecessityforalife-support　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention　三、概括大意与完成句子有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。LearnaboutNobleGases　　1　Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium(氦).Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.　　2　Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases(惰性气体).TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence(价)electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.　　3　Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.　　4Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled”ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2nvalenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.　　A.whatistheperiodictable?B.Whatarenoblegases?C.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?D.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?E.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?F.whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?　　5becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctorto“see”thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.　　23.paragraph2_____　　24.paragraph3______　　25.paragraph4______26.paragraph5_______A.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?　　B.whatistheperiodictable?　　C.whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?　　D.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?　　E.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?　　F.Whatarenoblegases?　　27.Noblegasesarenotverychemically         　　28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumisthe          　　29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases’outershellis          　　30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient                A.reactiveB.lightestC.importantD.completeE.flammableF.Unnecessary四、阅读理解：本部分为3篇文章，每篇300～450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。　　第一篇　GrossNationalHappinessnInthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(佛教)culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.　　KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNationalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).　　GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.　　NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.　　Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.　　BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.　　31.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?n　　A.Apresident.　　B.ABuddhistpriest.　　C.Aking.　　D.Ageneral.　　32.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?　　A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.　　B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.　　C.Tokeepitstraditionsandcustoms.　　D.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.　　33.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPby　　A.sellingmoreproducts.　　B.spendingmoremoney.　　C.spendinglessmoney.　　D.providingmorejobs.　　34.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifthey　　A.havenewtechnology.　　B.haveagood,stablegovernment.　　C.canchangetheirreligion.　　D.havemoremoney.　　35.Todaymanycountriesare　　A.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.　　B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.　　C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.nD.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.第二篇　 DownloadKnowledgeDirectlytoYourBrain　　Forthefirsttime,researchershavebeenabletohackintotheprocessoflearninginthebrain,usinginducedbrainpatternstocreatealearnedbehavior.It’snotquiteasadvancedasaninstantkung-fudownload,andit’snotassleekascognitiveinception,butit’sstillanimportantfindingthatcouldleadtonewteachingandrehabilitationtechniques.Futuretherapiescoulddecodethebrainactivitypatternsofanathleteoramusician,andusethemasabenchmarkforteachinganotherpersonanewactivity,accordingtotheresearchers.　　ScientistsfromBostonUniversityandATRComputationalNeuroscienceLaboratoriesinKyotousedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging,orfMRI,tostudythelearningprocess.Theywereexaminingtheadultbrain’saptitudeforvisualperceptuallearning,orVPL,inwhichrepetitivetrainingimprovesaperson’sperformanceonaparticulartask.Whetheradultscandothisaswellasyoungpeoplehasbeenanongoingdebateinneuroscience.　　LedbyBUneuroscientistTakeoWatanabe,researchersusedamethodcalleddecodedfMRIneurofeedbacktostimulatethevisualcortex.Firsttheyshowedparticipantscirclesatdifferentorientations.ThentheyusedfMRItowatchtheparticipants’brainactivity.Theresearcherswerethenabletotraintheparticipantstorecreatethisvisualcortexactivity.　　ThevolunteerswereagainplacedinMRImachinesandaskedtovisualizeshapesofcertaincolors.Theparticipantswereaskedto“somehowregulateactivityintheposteriorpartofthebrain”tomakeasolidgreendiscaslargeastheycould.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetapaidbonusproportionaltothesizeofthisdisc,buttheyweren’ttoldanythingaboutwhatthediscmeant.Theresearcherswatchedtheparticipants’brainactivityandmonitoredtheactivationpatternsintheirvisualcortices.　　“Participantscanbetrainedtocontroltheoverallmeanactivationofanentirebrainregion,”thestudyauthorswrite,“ortheactivationinoneregionrelativetothatinanotherregion.”　　Thisworkedevenwhentestsubjectswerenotawareofwhattheywerelearning,theresearcherssaid.n　　“Themostsurprisingthinginthisstudyisthatmereinductionsofneuralactivationpatternscorrespondingtoaspecificvisualfeatureledtovisualperformanceimprovementonthevisualfeature,withoutpresentingthefeatureorsubjects'awarenessofwhatwastobelearned,”Watanabesaidinastatement.　　Watanabeandcolleaguessaidthismethodcanbeapowerfultool.　　“Itcan‘incept’apersontoacquirenewlearning,skills,ormemory,orpossiblytorestoreskillsorknowledgethathasbeendamagedthroughaccident,disease,oraging,withoutaperson’sawarenessofwhatislearnedormemorized,”theywrite.　　36.whathaveresearchersbeenabletodowiththehelpofthestudy?　　A.Discoveraperson’slearningprocessinthebrain.　　B.Makeapersonknowhowtodosomethingwithoutlearning.　　C.Setupdifferentlearningpatternsfordifferentpeople.　　D.Enablepeopletolearnkungfuinstantly.　　37.whathelpsapersontodoaparticulartaskbetterinvisualperceptuallearning?　　A.Testing　　B.Encouragement　　C.Self-assessment　　D.Repetition　　38.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheexperimentparticipants?　　A.TheylearnedhowtocontrolMRLmachinesintheexperiment　　B.Theywerenottoldwhattobelearnedintheexperiment　　C.Theywerepaidtotakepartintheexperiment　　D.Theywerenotcooperativeintheexperiment　　39.thefindingofthestudyismostsignificantinthatlearning　　A.isfulloffunn　　B.isvisualized　　C.happensunconsciously　　D.becomesunnecessary　　40.whoaremostlikelytobenefitfromthestudy?　　A.Teenagers　　B.Musicians　　C.Seniorpeople　　D.Athletes 第三篇　　SmallButWise　　OnDecember14,NASA1blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects2intheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn.“I'mveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore,”saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.　　Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit4(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap5).Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky.　　ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsfor“Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.”Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6.　　Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumoflight7thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they'reprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.n　　Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitalcamerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.　　That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.　　Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures.Theseobjectsare“failed”stars—whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.　　41.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?　　AItisassmallasatrashcan.　　BItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.　　CItsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace.　　DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace.　　42.ThecameraonWISE　　Aisequippedwithexpensivecomputers.　　Bproducesimagesofobjectsgivingoffinfraredradiation.　　Creflectslightvisibletothehumaneyes.　　Dissimilartoanordinarydigitalcamera.　　43.Itistruethatinfraredradiation.　　Aisnotdetectabletohumans.　　Blooksbrighterthanvisiblelight.　　Cisvisiblelightreflectedoffanobject.　　Dhaslongerwavesthanthoseofvisiblelight.n　　44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutasteroidsisNOTture?　　ATheWISEtelescopecancatchandtakepicturesofthem.　　BTheydonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.　　CTheyfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.　　DTheyareinvisibletoordinarycameras.　　45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatbrowndwarfs.　　Agiveoffinfraredradiation.　　Barepowerstarslikethesun.　　Cbecomemassiveandactive　　DareinvisibletotheWISEtelescope.   五、补全短文文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。TheMysteriesofNazca　　InthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(迷惑)peoplefordecades._________(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.　　TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren’tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.　　Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.____________(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytoxxxxxandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.　　Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(记录)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets._________ (48)xxxxxanastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn’tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.n　　Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.xxxxxresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesxxxxxandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It’spossiblethatxxxxx,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose.__________ (49)Butxxxxxpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig.　　Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedxxxxxlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesinthexxxxxreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforxxxxxwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientxxxxxwereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantxxxxxundergroundwaterinthearea.________(50)　　A..Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.　　B.Thelargestpicturemayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.　　C.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”　　D.ASwisswriternamedErichvonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.　　E.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.　　F.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.六、完型填空：文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。　　SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells 　　AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells.　　Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean“optical51,”saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics.Lighthaselectricandmagnetic52.Untilnow,scientiststhoughttheeffectofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe53.WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot54electricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanpreviouslyexpected.Underthesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrength55toastrongelectriceffect.n　　“Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,”Randsaid.“Insolarcells,the56goesintoamaterial,getsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Here,weexpecttohaveaverylowheatload2.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbed,energyisstoredinthemagneticmoment3.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower57Whatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandof“opticalrectification,”saysWilliamFisher,adoctoralstudentinappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectification,light'selectricfieldcausesachargeseparation,orapulling58ofthepositiveandnegativechargesinamaterial.Thissetsupavoltage,similarto59inabattery.　　RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterials,thelight'smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrougha60thatdoesnotconductelectricity,suchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter8.Sunlightisn'tthis61onitsown,butnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensities,Fishersaid.　　“Inourmostrecentpaper,weshowthatincoherentlight9likesunlightistheoreticallyalmost62effectiveinproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightis,”Fishersaid.　　Thisnew63couldmakesolarpowercheaper,theresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyinconvertingsolarpowertouseableenergy.That'sequivalenttotoday'scommercial-gradesolarcells.　　“Tomanufacturemodemsolarcells,youhavetodo64semiconductorprocessing,”Fishersaid.“Allwewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor65.It'salreadymadeinbulk,anditdoesn'trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter.”　　51.A.discB.fiberC.instrumentD.battery　　52.A.applicationsB.componentsC.resourcesD.differences　　53.A.concernedB.ignoredC.expectedD.noticed　　54.A.conductB.produceC.useD.consume　　55.A.reactiveB.preferableC.dueD.equivalent　　56.A.lightB.electricityC.chemicalD.gas　　57.A.plantB.sourceC.equipmentD.linen　　58.A.upB.downC.apartD.together　　59.A.thisB.thoseC.thatD.these　　60.A.materialB.deviceC.detectorD.meter　　61.A.brightB.faintC.visibleD.intense　　62.A.moreB.asC.muchD.such　　63.A.skillB.technologyC.miracleD.prototype　　64.A.extensiveB.interactiveC.selectiveD.intensive　　65.A.allB.someC.othersD.both1、B   2、B  3、D  4、A 5、D 6、C 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D11、C 12、A 13、A 14、D15、A16、A 17、B18、C 19、B 20、B 21、B22、A23、D 24、F 25、E26、C 27、A 28、B29、D 30、F31、C 32、C 33、A 34、B  35、D36、A 37、D 38、B 39、B、40、C41、C42、B43、D44、C45、A46、F 47、D  48、C 49、B 50、E51、D 52、B  53、B  54、A  55、D  56、A 57、B 58、C 59、C 60、A  61、D 62、B 63、B 64、A65、D（仅供参考）