00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月真题及答案

00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月真题及答案

2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试　　英语（二）I.VocabularyandStructure（10points,lpointeach）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。1.Wehadahappyweekendattheseaside.And　thetransport,wehadnodifficulty.（D）　　A.owingto　　　　B.incase　　C.oncemore　　　D.asfor2.Whetheryoustayorleaveisamatteroftotal　tome.（A）　　A.indifference　　　　B.enthusiasm　　C.passion　　　　　　　D.harmony3.Itissaidthatablackholecan　everythingaroundit,suchasstars.（C）　　A.workout　　B.settledown　　C.swallowup　　D.breakinto4.Itiswell-knownthatthemoongoesroundtheearth____.（B）　　A.inaway　　　　　　　B.inacircle　　C.induecourse　　　　　D.inturn5.He　thebookandfounditworthbuying.（C）　　A.folded　　　　B.extended　　C.skimmed　　　　D.skipped6.Theworldmakeis　changing.Wemustanticipatethechangesandmaketimelyadjustments.（B）　　A.stably　　　　B.constantly　　C.scarcely　　　D.occasionally7.Themain____fordiscussionwillbetheproposednewsupermarket.（A）　　A.topic　　　　B.idea　　C.title　　　　D.object8.Wewenttobedthatnight____ofthestormtocome.（D）　　A.invisible　　　B.unclear　　C.senseless　　　D.ignorant9.It'sgoingtobehardto____hiswifethattheycan’taffordanewhouse.（A）　　A.convince　　　B.contain　　C.conduct　　　　D.confess7n10.Thetaskwe'1lcarryout____greatcourageandwisdom.（D）　　A.callsup　　　　　　B.callson　　C.callsabout　　　　D.callsforII.ClozeTest（10points,lpointeach）Howdoeswomangoaboutbuyingclothes?In　11　everyaspectshedoessointhewayoppositetoaman.Hershoppingisnotoften　12　need.Shehasneverfullymadeuphermind　13　shewants,andsheisonly“havingalookround.”Sheisalways14topersuasion；indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,15bywhatcompanionstellher,Shewill16anynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.Contrarytoalotofjokes,mostwomenhaveanexcellent　17　ofvaluewhentheybuyclothes,Theyarealwaysonthelookoutfortheunexpectedbargain.18　aroomfulofdresses,a　19　mayeasilyspendanhourgoingfromonerailto　20　，toandfrom,oftenretracingherstepsbeforeselecting.Itisalaboriousprocess,butapparentlyanenjoyableone.　　11.A.most　　　B.uppermost　C.foremost　D.almost　　12.A.basedon　B.heldon　　C.kepton　　D.madefor　　13.A.that　　　B.those　　　C.what　　　D.which　　14.A.open　　　B.dull　　　C.close　　　D.keen　　15.A.ever　　　B.even　　　C.better　　　D.aside　　16.A.tryon　　B.carryon　C.figureout　D.fallout　　17.A.heart　　　B.mind　　　C.sense　　　D.thought　　18.A.Runinto　B.Letout　　C.Broughtabout　D.Facedwith　　19.A.salesman　B.companion　C.woman　　　　D.saleswoman　　20.A.theother　B.another　　C.others　　　D.other11.D12.A13.C14.A15.B16.A17.C18.D19.C20.BIII.ReadingComprehension（30points,2pointseach）PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Aboutfortyyearsago,onlyfivepercentofAmericanchildrenwhowerethreeorfouryearsoldattendedearlyeducationprograms.Today,abouttwo-thirdsofthechildrenofthatagegotopreschools,nurseryschoolsordaycarecenterswitheducationalprograms.Manyeducationexpertssaythisisagoodsituation.Theysayyoungchildrenwhohavesomekindofpreschooleducationdomuchbetterwhentheyattendschool.　　Youngchildreninpreschoolprogramslearncolorsandnumbers.Theyidentifycommonobjectsandlettersofthealphabettopreparethemforreading.Theysingandplaygamesthatusenumbersandmaps.Theylearntocooperatewithteachersandotherchildren.Manypreschoolprogramsincludeactivitiestohelpyoungchildrenlearnabouttheworldaroundthem.Forexample,childrenvisitplaceslikezoos,museumsandfireandpolicestations.　　Afterpreschool,mostAmericanchildrenattendkindergarteninpublicschools.Mostchildrenstartkindergartenataboutagefive.ManyAmericankindergartensnowrequireskillstaughtinearlyeducationprograms.Sochildrenwhohavenotattendedapreschoolprogrammaynotbereadyforkindergarten.　　Manyfamilies,however,lackenoughmoneytosendtheirchildrentoprivatenurseryschoolsorpreschools.Suchschoolsmaycostseveralthousanddollarsayear,asmuchasapublic7nuniversity.　　Tohelppoorfamilies,thegovernmentoperatesaneducationprogramforyoungchildrencalledHeadStart.Studieshaveshownthatmanychildrenfrompoorfamiliesdonotdowellinschool.StudiesalsohaveshownthatchildreninHeadStartprogramsperformequallywellorbetterthanotherchildrenwhentheystartschool.ButthegovernmentcurrentlyisprovidingHeadStartwithenoughmoneytoserveonlyaboutsixtypercentofthechildrenwhoneedthisprogram.　　Educatorshaveexpressedconcernthatsomeearlychildhoodeducationprogramsarenotgoodenough.TheUnitedStateshasabouteighty-thousandpreschools,nurseryschoolsanddaycarecenters.TheNationalAssociationfortheEducationofYoungChildrenstudiestheseschools.Theassociationsaysithasapprovedonlyabouttenpercentofthepreschoolsinthecountry.ExpertssayAmericanchildrenneedmoreandbetterpreschooleducation.　　21.Inpreschools.youngchildrencanlearnabouttheworldaroundthemby　A　.　　A.visitingvariousplaces　　B.singingsongsandplayinggames　　C.identifyingcommonobjectsandletters　　D.cooperatingwithteachersandpartners22.Theannualfeeforpreschooleducationisthatofapublicuniversity.D　　A.higherthan　　　　　B.unequalto　　C.lowerthan　　　　　D.equalto23.HeadStartaimsto　B　.　　A.studythebenefitsofpreschooleducationinAmerica　　B.helpchildrenfrompoorfamiliesgetreadyforschool　　C.providefundstohelppoorfamiliesthroughhardtime　　D.monitorhowthemovementspendsmoneyoneducation24.MoneyprovidedbythegovernmentforHeadStartprogramsis　B　.　　A.morethanenough　　B.quiteinadequate　　C.justsufficient　　D.almostenough25.Accordingtotheassociation.mostAmericanpreschools　C　.　　A.havegotofficialapproval　　B.enjoygoodreputation　　C.arenotwellqualified　　D.havefinancialdifficultiesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Oneofthechiefcausesoffatigue（疲倦）isboredom.Toillustratethispoint,let'stakethecaseofAlice,acorporateemployeewholivesonyourstreet.Alicecamehomeonenightcompletelyexhausted.Sheactedfatigued.Shewasfatigued.Shehadaheadache.Shehadabackache.Shewassoexhaustedthatshewantedtogotobedwithoutwaitingfordinner.Persuadedbyher7nmother.shesatdownatthetable.Thetelephonerang.Theboyfriend!Aninvitationtoadance!Hereyessparkled.Herspiritssoared.Sherushedupstairs,putonherAlice-bluegown，dashedoutanddanceduntilthreeo'clockinthemorning;andwhenshefinallydidgethome,shewasnottheslightestbitexhausted.Shewas，infact，soexcitedthatshecouldn'tfallasleep.　　WasAlicereallyandhonestlytiredeighthoursearlier.whenshelookedandactedexhausted?Sure，shewas.Shewasexhaustedbecauseshewasboredwithherwork,perhapsboredwithlife.TherearemillionsofAlices.Youmaybeoneofthem.Itisawell-knownfactthatyouremotionalattitudeusuallyhasfarmoretodowithproducingfatiguethanhasphysicalexertion.Afewyearsago,JosephE.Barmack,Ph.D.,publishedintheArchivesofPsychologyareportofsomeofhisexperiments,showinghowboredomproducesfatigue.Dr.Barmackputagroupofstudentsthroughaseriesoftestsinwhich,heknew,theycouldhavelittleinterest.Theresult?Thestudentsfelttiredandsleepy，complainedofheadachesandeyestrain,feltirritable.Insomecases，eventheirstomachswereupset.Wasitall“imagination”?No.Metabolism（新陈代谢）testsweretakenofthesestudents.Thesetestsshowedthatthebloodpressureofthebodyandtheconsumptionofoxygenactuallydecreasewhenpeoplearebored，andthatthewholemetabolismpicksupimmediatelyassoonastheybegintofeelinterestandpleasureintheirwork!　　26.Whenshecamebackfromdancing,Alicefelt　D　　.　　A.veryhungry　　B.abitsleepy　　C.muchtired　　D.sleepless27.Theword“them”inLine4,Para.2refersto.A　　A.peopleexhaustedfromboredom　　B.womenwiththesamenameasAlice　　C.corporateemployeesenjoyingdancing　　D.peoplecrazyaboutinterestingnightlife28.ThemajorreasonforAlice'sexhaustionisthat　B　.　　A.shelostherappetitefordinner　　B.shewastiredofherworkorherlife　　C.shedancedtoolongtimewithfriends　　D.shehadabadheadacheandabackache29.Whenpersonbeginstoenjoyhiswork__B__,　　A.hisbloodpressuregoesdown　　B.hismetabolismimprovesrapidly　　C.hisoxygenconsumptiondecreases　　D.hisstomachsometimesgetsupset　30.Dr.Barmackexplainedtheresultofthetestsonthebasisof___A_.　　A.medicalexaminations　　B.personal7nobservation　　C.logicalreasoning　　D.commonknowledgePassageThreeQuestions3lto35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　TherewillbeamajorshiftintheagedistributionintheAmericanworkforce.Asthebabyboomers（bornbetween1946and1963）begintohitretirementage,theywillbereplacedbytheso-called“generationY”or“MillennialGeneration.”whonumberalmost80million.Andthequalifiedworkersofthisgenerationaresoongoingtobedesperatelyneeded,leavingbusinessesnochoicebuttofigureouthowtoattractandkeepthem.Peopleoftensaythatmembersofthe“MillennialGeneration”can’ttakecareofthemselvesandaregoingtobringtheworlddownwiththem.SomepeoplemightthinkMillennialsarespoiledinternetaddicts（上瘾者）whofeelastrongsenseofentitlementandaren’twillingtoworkhardforthegreatrewardstheyexpect.　　InrealityMillennialsarethefirstgenerationof“digitalnatives,”thatis,theyhaveneverknownaworldwithoutdigitaltechnology.AsaresultMillennialsexperiencetheworldthroughtechnology,asoldergenerationsexperiencetheworldthroughtheirorganicsenses.Thisintimacy（亲密接触）withthedigitalworldisoneoftheMillennials’greateststrengths.Italsopresentsthegreatestchallengetothosecompaniesthatneedhighlyqualifiedapplicants.Managersneedtodeterminewaystousetheirstrengthsandworkwiththeirweaknesseswithbusinessgoalsinmind.　　ThekeytoattractingandmanagingMillennialsistocreateanexperienceofthecompanythatmatchestheirtechnologicalexperienceoftheworld.It’saboutfindingabalancebetweenyouthfulenthusinasm,cooperativespirit,andtherealitiesofthebusinessworld.Thebusinessworldisexperiencingacontinuedbreakdownoftheauthoritarianmanagementstylethatinsomewaysstillremainsaslegacy（遗留做法）fromtheearly20thcentury.Managersaregoingtohavetobepatientandflexibletoalargeextentbecauseonethingisforsure,nothingmakesMillennialsunhappierthandoingtaskswithtraditionalmethodsthatcanbedonebetterandmoreefficientlywiththerighttechnologyormoresophisticatedmethods.　　Theyneedtobegiventheopportunitytousethetechnologiestheyarefamiliarwithtocooperatewitheachotheranddobusiness.Thebestcandidatesaregoingtobeattractedtocompaniesthatarewillingtogiveemployeeswhattheyneedandwant.　　31.Americanbusinesseswillbeingreatneedofqualifiedworkersofthe“MillennialGeneration”because　A　.　　A.thebabyboomersintheworkforceareclosetoretirement　　B.thisgenerationaccountsforthebiggestpartoftheworkforce　　C.businesseswanttochangetheagedistributionintheworkforce　　D.businessespreferyoungworkforcetospeeduptheirdevelopment32.Peoplehaveformeda　D　impressionoftheMillennialGeneration.A.true　　B.vague　　C.favorable　　D.negative33.Comparedwithpreviousgenerations,Millennials　C　.　　A.usemoreof　theirorganicsenses　　B.showapoorsense7nof　entitlement　　C.relymoreoninformationtechnology　　D.challengethegoalsofthebusinesses34.ToattractandmanageMillennials,abusinessmanagershould　C　.　　A.requirethemtodotheirtaskswithtraditionalmethods　　B.forcethemtoworkwithmodemscientifictechnologies　　C.balancetheirpassion,teamworkspiritandbusinessrealities　　D.combinesophisticatedmethodswithflexibleworkingapproaches35.Themainideaofthepassagecouldbebestsummarizedas　A　.　　A.businessmanagersshouldtakeupthechallengesfromMillennials　　B.businessmanagersshouldbeflexibleabouttheirmanagementstyle　　C.managersmaintainarelativelyobjectiveattitudetowardMillennials　　D.MillennialscanusetheirtechnologicaladvantagetoattractcompaniesPartTwo（50points）　　IV.WordSpelling（10points，1pointfortwowords）　　36事件；事故n.a　　　　　　　　37.分界线，边界n.b________　　38捕获：占领v.c　　　　　　　　39.美味的；使人愉悦的a.d________　　40.必要的；本质的a.e　　　　　41.公式；程式n.f________　　42.致意，欢迎v.g　　　　　　　　43.阻止；妨碍v.h________　　44.增加，增长v.i　　　　　　　　45.同盟，协会n.l________　　46.较小的；少数的a,m　　　　　　47.自然的；天然的a.n________　　48.反抗；对立n.o　　　　　　　　49.察觉；认识到v.p________　　50.懊悔，遗憾v.r　　　　　　　　51.表面，外表n.s________　　52.温度计n.t　　　　　　　　　　53.向上，往上ad.u________　　54受害者，牺牲品n.v　　　　　　55.侍者，服务员n.w________36.accident　37.boundary　38.capture　39.delicious　40.essential　41.formula　　42.greet43.hinder44.increase45.league46.minor47.natural　　48.opposition49.perceive50.regret51.surface52.thermometer　　53.upwards54.victim55.waiterV.WordForm（10points,lpointeach）56.Thestudyofblackholesisjustbeginning.Speculationsaboutthemare　　（end）答案：endless57.Christmasis　　（tradition）aholidayforafamilytogettogether.答案：traditionally58.Theclientmust　　（sure）thataccuraterecordsarekept.答案：ensure59.Sincenobetterplanhadbeenputforward，wehadtoadoptabasically　　（work）one.答案：workable60.Therearemillionsofsolarsystemsinspace,andoursis　　（probable）oneofthesmallest.答案：probably61.Theaccusedadmittedthathehadsoldthe　　（steal）goods.答案：stolen62.Thestorewillbemovedtosomewhereinmy　　（neighbor）nextmonth.答案：neighborhood63.Upontheir　　（arrive）,theyimmediatelysetaboutdrawingupaplan.7n答案：arrival64.Thegoodnewsisthatourhostissaidtobekindand　　（help）.答案：helpful65.TheyounggirlmovedtoParislastspring,butshemissedherparentstoomuchtoenjoythe　　（excite）lifethere.答案：excitingVI.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish（15points，3pointseach）66.很明显你需要更多的英语口语练习。It'sobviousthatyouneedmoreoralEnglishpractice.67.那个项目的完成时间比我们预想的早得多Theprojectwasfinishedmuchearlierthanwehaveexpected.68.她坚持这项工作由一个有经验的工作来做Sheinsiststhattheworkwill/shouldbedonebyanexperiencedworker.69.北京奥运会开幕式展示了丰富多彩的中国文化。TheopeningceremonyoftheBeijingOlympicsshowedcolorfulChineseculture.70.你说的与我们在实验中所发现的大相径庭。Whatyousaidisquitedifferentfromwhatwediscoveredintheexperiment.VII.TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese（15points）　　Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary.Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Inthetradesandhandcrafts,andothervocations（行业）,likefarmingandfishery,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetime,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryqualityofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstood,thanmostothertechnicalterms,Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,andphilosophyhavealsobecomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersonsandhaveenrichedthepopularvocabulary.译文：每种职业或行业，每门艺术，以及每个学科都有自己的专门用语。不过，不同行业专门用语的特征却大相径庭。商业、手工业以及农业和渔业，自古以来占用了大量的人力；这些行业的专门用语非常古老，主要是由本族词汇或已融入我们语言特征的外来词汇构成。这类用语虽然在许多细节上有很强的专门性，但与其它许多专门术语相比，它们的发音更为熟悉，也更为大多数人所理解。同样，法律、医学和哲学的专门用语对于受过教育的人来说非常熟悉，也大大丰富了日常词汇。7