大学英语六级试卷和答案-2003年12月大学英语六级考试试

大学英语六级试卷和答案-2003年12月大学英语六级考试试

2003年12月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foryears,doctorsadvisedtheirpatientsthattheonlythingtakingmultivitaminsdoesisgivethemexpensiveurine(尿).Afterall,truevitamindeficienciesarepracticallyunheardofinindustrializedcountries.Nowitseemsthosedoctorsmayhavebeenwrong.Theresultsofagrowingnumberofstudiessuggestthatevenamodestvitaminshortfallcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.Althoughproofofthebenefitsofmultivitaminsisstillfarfromcertain,thefewdollarsyouspendonthemisprobablyagoodinvestment.Oratleastthat'stheargumentputforwardintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Ideally,sayDr.WalterWillettandDr.MeirStampferofHarvard,allvitaminsupplementswouldbeevaluatedinscientificallyrigorousclinicaltrials.Butthosestudiescantakealongtimeandoftenraisemorequestionsthantheyanswer.Atsomepoint,whileresearchersworkonfiguringoutwherethetruthlies,itjustmakessensetosaythepotentialbenefitoutweighsthecost.Thebestevidencetodateconcernsfolate,oneoftheBvitamins.It'sbeenprovedtolimitthenumberofdefectsinembryos(胚胎),andarecenttrialfoundthatfolateincombinationwithvitaminB12andaformofB6alsodecreasesthere-blockageofarteriesaftersurgicalrepair.ThenewsonvitaminEhasbeenmoremixed.Healthyfolkswhotake400internationalunitsdailyforatleasttwoyearsappearsomewhatlesslikelytodevelopheartdisease.ButwhendoctorsgivevitaminEtopatientswhoalreadyhaveheartdisease,thevitamindoesn'tseemtohelp.ItmayturnoutthatvitaminEplaysaroleinpreventionbutcannotundoseriousdamage.DespitevitaminC'sgreatpopularity,consuminglargeamountsofitstillhasnotbeenpositivelylinkedtoanygreatbenefit.ThebodyquicklybecomessaturatedwithCandnsimplyexcretes(排泄)anyexcess.Themultivitaminsquestionboilsdowntothis:Doyouneedtowaituntilalltheevidenceisinbeforeyoutakethem,orareyouwillingtoacceptthatthere'senoughevidencethattheydon'thurtandcouldhelp?Ifthelatter,there'snoneedtogotoextremesandbuythebiggest'horsepillsorthemostexpensivebottles.Largedosescancausetrouble,includingexcessivebleedingandnervoussystemproblems.Multivitaminsarenosubstituteforexerciseandabalanceddiet,ofcourse.Aslongasyouunderstandthatanypotentialbenefitismodestandsubjecttofurtherrefinement,takingadailymultivitaminmakesalotofsense.21.Atonetimedoctorsdiscouragedtakingmultivitaminsbecausetheybelievedthatmultivitamins____.A)couldnoteasilybeabsorbedbythehumanbodyB)werepotentiallyharmfultopeople'shealthC)weretooexpensivefordailyconsumptionD)couldnotprovideanycureforvitamindeficiencies22.Accordingtotheauthor,clinicaltrialsofvitaminsupplements____.A)oftenresultinmisleadingconclusionsB)taketimeandwillnotproduceconclusiveresultsC)shouldbeconductedbyscientistsonalargerscaleD)appeartobeasheerwasteoftimeandresources23.IthasbeenfoundthatvitaminE_____.A)shouldbetakenbypatientsregularlyandpersistentlyB)caneffectivelyreducetherecurrenceofheartdiseaseC)hasapreventivebutnotcurativeeffectonheartndiseaseD)shouldbegiventopatientswithheartdiseaseasearlyaspossible24.Itcanbeseenthatlargedosesofmultivitamins_____.A)maybringaboutserioussideeffectsB)mayhelppreventexcessivebleedingC)arelikelytoinducetheblockageofarteriesD)areadvisableforthosewithvitamindeficiencies25.Theauthorconcludesthepassagewiththeadvicethat_____.A)thebenefitofdailymultivitaminintakeoutweighsthatofexerciseandabalanceddietB)it'sriskytotakemultivitaminswithoutknowingtheirspecificfunctionC)thepotentialbenefitofmultivitaminscanneverbeoverestimatedD)it'sreasonabletotakearationaldoseofmultivitaminsdailyPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somefuturologistshaveassumedthatthevastupsurge(剧增)ofwomenintheworkforcemayportendarejectionofmarriage.Manywomen,accordingtothishypothesis,wouldratherworkthanmarry.Theconverse(反面)ofthisconcernisthattheprospectsofbecomingamulti-paycheckhouseholdcouldencouragemarriages.Inthepast,onlytheearningsandfinancialprospectsofthemancountedinthemarriagedecision.Now,however,theearningabilityofawomancanmakehermoreattractiveasamarriagepartner.Datashowthateconomicdownturnstendtopostponemarriagebecausethepartiescannotaffordtoestablishafamilyorareconcernedaboutrainydaysahead.Astheeconomyrebounds,thenumberofmarriagesalsorises.Coincidentwiththeincreaseinwomenworkingoutsidethehomeistheincreaseindivorcerates.Yet,itmaybewrongtojumptoanysimplecause-and-effectconclusions.Theimpactofawife'sworkondivorceisnolesscloudythanitsimpactonmarriagedecisions.nTherealizationthatshecanbeagoodprovidermayincreasethechancesthataworkingwifewillchoosedivorceoveranunsatisfactorymarriage.Butthereverseisequallyplausible.Tensionsgroundedinfinancialproblemsoftenplayakeyroleinendingamarriage.Givenhighunemployment,inflationaryproblems,andslowgrowthinrealearnings,aworkingwifecanincreasehouseholdincomeandrelievesomeofthesepressingfinancialburdens.Byraisingafamily'sstandardofliving,aworkingwifemaystrengthenherfamily'sfinancialandemotionalstability.Psychologicalfactorsalsoshouldbeconsidered.Forexample,awifeblockedfromacareeroutsidethehomemayfeelcagedinthehouse.Shemayviewheronlychoiceasseekingadivorce.Ontheotherhand,ifshecanfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,workandmarriagecangotogethertocreateastrongerandmorestableunion.Also,amajorpartofwomen'sinequalityinmarriagehasbeenduetothefactthat,inmostcases,menhaveremainedthemainbreadwinners.Withhigherearningcapacityandstatusoccupationsoutsideofthehomecomesthecapacitytoexercisepowerwithinfilefamily.Aworkingwifemayrobahusbandofbeingthemasterofthehouse.Dependinguponhowthecouplereactstothesenewconditions,itcouldcreateastrongerequalpartnershiporitcouldcreatenewinsecurities.26.Theword"portend"(Line2,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto“_____”.A)defyC)sufferfromB)signalD)resultfrom27.Itissaidinthepassagethatwhentheeconomyslides,_____.A)menwouldchooseworkingwomenastheirmarriagepartnersB)morewomenwouldgetmarriedtoseekfinancialsecurityC)evenworkingwomenwouldworryabouttheirnmarriagesD)morepeoplewouldprefertoremainsingleforthetimebeing28.Ifwomenfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,_____.A)theyaremorelikelytodominatetheirmarriagepartnersB)theirhusbandsareexpectedtodomorehouseworkC)theirmarriagetiescanbestrengthenedD)theytendtoputtheircareerbeforemarriage29.Onereasonwhywomenwithnocareermayseekadivorceisthat_____.A)theyfeelthattheyhavebeenrobbedoftheirfreedomB)theyareafraidofbeingbossedaroundbytheirhusbandsC)theyfeelthattheirpartnersfailtoliveuptotheirexpectationsD)theytendtosuspecttheirhusbands'loyaltytotheirmarriage30.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizetheauthor'sviewinthepassage?A)Thestabilityofmarriageandthedivorceratemayreflecttheeconomicsituationofthecountry.B)Evenwheneconomicallyindependent,mostwomenhavetostruggleforrealequalityinmarriage.C)InordertosecuretheirmarriagewomenshouldworkoutsidethehomeandremainindependentD)Theimpactofthegrowingfemaleworkforceonmarriagevariesfromcasetocase.PassagenThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage,FormostthinkerssincetheGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexists--thatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarationalbeing,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled"humannature."Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology(人类学).Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate(天生的)humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto"humannature"inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablyliesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.31.Thetraditionalviewof"humannature"wasstronglychallengedby_____.A)theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheoryB)thehistoricalapproachtomanC)newinsightintohumanbehaviorD)thephilosophicalanalysisofnslavery32.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings_____A)havesometraitsincommonB)arebornwithdiverseculturesC)arebornwithoutafixednatureD)changetheircharactersastheygrowup33.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinker,inorderto_____A)emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof"humannature"B)showthattheconceptof"humannature"wasusedtojustifysocialevilsC)provethathehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof"humannature"D)supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired34.Theword"untenable"(Line3)inthelastparagraphofthepassagemostprobablymeans_____A)invaluableC)changeableB)imaginableD)indefensible35.Mostphilosophersbelievedthathumannature_____A)isthequalitydistinguishingmanfromotheranimalsB)consistsofcompetitivenessandselfishnessC)issomethingpartlyinnateandpartlyacquiredD)consistsofrationalityandundesirablebehaviorPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingnpassage.RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea"virtual"orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners(从业者)."Withvirtualrealitywe'llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,"saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(头盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.AlthoughSatava'svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovides,feedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtotherumor(肿瘤).Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient'sbraintakenbeforesurgery.Duringtheseprocedures--operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered--surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.Satavasays,"Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine."36.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine_____A)willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverynbattlefieldB)canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldC)willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldD)canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield37.RichardSatavahasvisionsof_____A)usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseasB)woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldC)woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonsD)settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseas38.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?A)Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.B)Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.C)Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.D)A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.39.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause_____.A)heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreenB)thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglesC)thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedD)heiswearing3-Dglasses40.VirtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthattheyA)causelesspaintothenwoundedB)allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyC)willmakehumansurgeons'worklesstediousD)aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecisionPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Hesuggestedthatweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite_____.A)probableC)feasibleB)sustainableD)eligible42.Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant_____ofAmericanlife.A)facetsC)formulasB)formatsD)fashions43.Itisonethingtolocateoil,butitisquiteanotherto_____andtransportittotheindustrialcenters.A)permeateC)distinguishB)extractD)concentrate44.Studentsareexpectedtobequietand_____inanAsianclassroom.A)obedientC)nskepticalB)overwhelmingD)subsidiary45.Ourreporterhasjustcalledtosaythatrescueteamswill_____tobringoutthetrappedminers.A)effectc)conceiveB)affectD)endeavour46.TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto_____themselvesontileGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.A)remedyC)reviveB)reproachD)revenge47.Creatingsomuchconfusion,Masonrealizedhehadbettermake_____whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.A)exclusiveC)objectiveB)explicitD)obscure48.Oneoftheexaminationquestions_____mecompletelyandIcouldn'tanswerit.A)baffledC)provokedB)mingledD)diverted49.Thevisionofthatbigblackcarhittingthesidewalkafewfeetfromuswillneverbe_____frommymemory.A)ejectedC)erasedB)escapedD)omitted50.Atpresent,itisnotpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthereisacausalrelationshipbetweentheamountoffatweeatandthe_____ofheartnattacks.A)incidenceC)ruptureB)impetusD)emergence51.Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce_____politicalendscanneverbejustified.A)insearchofC)inviewofB)inpursuitofD)inlightof52.Sometimesthebankmanagerhimselfisaskedto_____chequesifhisclerksarenotsureaboutthem.A)creditC)certifyB)assureD)access53.Itisbelievedthattheauthoritiesarethinkingof_____newtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.A)impairingC)invadingB)imposingD)integrating54.Whensheheardthebadnews,hereyes_____withtearsasshestruggledtocontrolheremotions.A)sparkledC)radiatedB)twinkledD)glittered55.Thereareoccasionswhengivingagift_____spokencommunication,sincethemessageitofferscancutthroughbarriersoflanguageandculturaldiversity.A)overtakesC)surpassesB)nourishesD)enforces56.Inordertokeepthelinemoving,customerswithlengthy  _____arerequiredtondotheirbankinginside.A)transit'                          C)turnoverB)transactions                      D)tempos57.PresidentWilsonattemptedto  _____  betweenthepowerstoendthewar,butneithersidewaspreparedtogivein.A)segregate                        C)compromiseB)whirl                          D)mediate58.Thepolicehaveinstalledcamerasatdangerousroad  _____tofilmthosewhodrivethroughredtrafficlights.A)trenches                        C)pavementsB)utilities                        D)junctions59.Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina  _____  ontherailwayyesterday.      A)collision                        C)corrosion      B)collaboration                    D)confrontation60.Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymboloflove.A)successive                      C)eternalB)consecutive                      D)insistent61.Executivesofthecompanyenjoyedan  _____lifestyleoffreegifts,finewinesandhighsalaries.A)exquisite                      C)exoticB)extravagant                    D)eccentric62.Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto  _____awayalltherocks.      A)haul                            C)dispose      B)repel                            D)snatch63.Somecropsarerelativelyhighyieldersandcouldbeplantedinpreferencetoothersto_____thefoodsupply.A)enhance                        C)disruptB)curb                            D)nheighten64.AstronomersattheUniversityofCaliforniadiscoveredoneofthemostdistant_____.A)paradoxesC)galaxiesB)paradisesD)shuttles65.Manygreatscientists_____theirsuccesstohardwork.A)portrayC)impartB)ascribeD)acknowledge66.Thesignsetupbytheroad_____driverstoasharpturn.A)alertsC)pleadsB)refreshesD)diverts67.Thedoctorsdon't_____thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.A)monitorC)articulateB)manifestD)anticipate68.Callyourdoctorforadviceifthe_____persistformorethanafewdays.A)responsesC)symptomsB)signalsD)reflections69.Wefinditimpossibleto_____withthelatestsafetyregulations.A)accordC)obeyB)unifyD)comply70.ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill_____inpresentingtheseriesoflecturesonAmericannliterature.A)alterC)substituteB)alternateD)exchangePartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage,hzthispassage,therearealtogetherIOmis-takes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangetiword.addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.lfyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(^)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank,lfyoudeleteaword,crossRoutandputaslash(/)intileblank.Example:Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod1.time/times/periodManyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa2.schoolsubjectarevalidfor^studyoftelevision.3.theThomasMalthuspublishedhis"EssayonthePrincipleofPopulation"almost200yearsago.Eversincethen,forecastershavebeingwarningthatworldwidefaminewasS1_____justaroundthenextcorner.Thefast-growingpopulation'sdemandforfood,theywarned,wouldsoonexceedtheirS2_____supply,leadingtowidespreadfoodshortagesandstarvation.Butinreality,theworld'stotalgrainharvesthasrisensteadilyovertheyears.ExceptforrelativeisolatedtroubleS3_____spotslikepresent-daySomalia,andoccasionalyearsofgoodharvests,theworld'sfoodcrisishasremainedjustnS4_____aroundthecorner.Mostexpertsbelievethiscancontinueevenasifthepopulationdoublesbythemid-21stcentury,S5_____althoughfeedingI0billionpeoplewillnotbeeasyforpolitics,economicandenvironmentalreasons.OptimistsS6_____pointtoconcreteexamplesofcontinuedimprovementsinyield.InAfrica,byinstance,improvedseed,moreS7_____fertilizerandadvancedgrowingpracticeshavemorethandoublecornandwheatyieldsinanexperiment.Elsewhere,S8_____riceexpertsinthePhilippinesareproducingaplantwithfewS9_____stemsandmoreseeds.Thereisnoguaranteethatplantbreederscancontinuetodevelopnew,higher-yieldingcrop,butmostresearchersseetheirsuccesstodateasreasonS10_____forhope.PartVWriting(30minutes)ReduceWasteonCampus1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重2.浪费的危害3.杜绝浪费,从我做起参考答案CABBDCBACDCDBABDACCCABCADBDCADACDDAnDAADDCABADDBACABCBACBDDACBAACBACCDB1.      being—been2.      their—its3.      relative—relatively4.      good—bad5.      as—去掉6.      politics—political7.      by—for8.      double—doubled9.      few—more10.    reason—thereason