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2012年硕士研究生考研英语(二)真题及答案
2012年硕士研究生考研英语(二)真题及答案Section1 UseofEninglish Directions: MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies。 Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7)GovernmentIssue,anditwason allofthearticle8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)itto thetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.The UnitedStateshas10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe。 GI.joe hada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,and Koreantroops.Heappersasacharacter ,ora(12)ofamerican personalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarncorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimportantpersonintheirlives。 1.[A]performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A]actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handedout [B]turnover [C]broughtback [D]passeddown 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neithern 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond 20.[A]onthecontrary [B]bythismeans [C]fromtheoutset [D]atthatpoint SectionIIResdiongComprehension PartA Directions:n Readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points) Text1 Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade。 Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren。 Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butnwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule。Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect。 Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright。 21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1that nowadayshomework_____。 [A]isreceivingmorecriticismn [B]isnolongeraneducationalritual [C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses [D]isgainingmorepreferences 22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents_____。 [A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation [B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard [C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework [D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework 23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____。 [A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework [B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards [C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests [D]restrictteachers'powerineducation 24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminatedn [B]itcountsmuchinschooling [C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers [D]itisimportantforgrades 25.Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe______。 [A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy [B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents [C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework [D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework Text2 Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests。 Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofnAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears。 Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s。n Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。 26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______。 [A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood [B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence [C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination [D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests 27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours? [A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA。 [B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls。 [C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders。n [D]Whiteispreferedbybabies。 28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____。 [A]themarketingofproductsforchildren [B]theobservationofchildren'snature [C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior [D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption 29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto_____。 [A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes [B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders [C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups [D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms 30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____。 [A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency [B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers [C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenn [D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle. On July 29tnh they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk ofbreast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic testssuch as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ” Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court。 AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.companiesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorin thepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthedits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO。 Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrtcentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked。 31.itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike----- A.theirexecutivestobeactiven B.judgestoruleoutgenepatenting C.genestobepatcntablc D.theBIOtoissueawarning 32.thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat---- A.genetictestsarenotreliable B.onlyman-madeproductsarepatentable C.patentson genesdependmuchoninnovatiaon D.courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests 33.accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor---- A.establishingdiseasecomelations B.discoveringgeneinteractions C.drawingpicturesofgenes D.identifyinghumanDNA 34.Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat----- A.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativen B.theBIOwasapowerfulorganization C.genepatentingwasagreatconcern D.lawyerswerekeentoattendconventiongs 35.generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis---- A.critical B.supportive C.scornful D.objective Text4 Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends, itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears。 Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomenlessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending。 Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses。 Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem---especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind。n Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongertheyextend。 36.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___。 [A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovemment [B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment [C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy [D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession 37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____。 [A]realizethenationaldream [B]struggleagainsteachother [C]challengetheirlifestylen [D]reconsidertheirlifestyle 38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____。 [A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants [B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature [C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms [D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses 39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto_____。 [A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities [B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees [C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’ [D]recovermorequicklythantheothers 40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____。 [A]certain [B]positive [C]trivialn [D]destructive PartB Directions: Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points) “Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot。 Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration。 FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThisnwasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders。 Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwright andJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife。 ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals。n CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat。”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast。” Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs。SectionIII Translationn 46.Directions: TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyour translationon ANSWERSHEET2.(15points) Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusually concernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyor tohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thesearethekind ofworkers thatcountrieslikeBritian,Canada and Australiatrytoattractbyusingimmigration rulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates。 Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountries areparticularlylikelytoemigrate.A big surveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004 foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-school education,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"brain drain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurts theireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhave taughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernew productsfortheirfactoriestomake。 SectionIV Writing PartAn 47.Directions Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyou bought fromanonlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerservice centerto 1)makeacomplaintand 2)demandaprompt solution Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2 Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead。 48、writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould 1)describethetable,and 2)giveyourcomments Youshouldwriteatleast150words(15points) 某公司员工工作满意度调查n参考答案: 完形填空:1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D TEXT1:21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D TEXT2:26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C TEXT3:31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D TEXT4:36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A 新题型:41-45:AFGCE 小作文范文:DearSirorMadame,Asoneoftheregularcustomersofyouronlinestore,Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmycomplaintagainsttheflawsinyourproduct—anelectronicdictionaryIboughtinyourshoptheotherday.Thedictionaryissupposedtobeafavorabletoolformystudy.Unfortunately,Ifoundthatthereareseveralproblems.Tobeginwith,whenIopenedit,Idetectedthattheappearanceofithadbeenscratched.Secondly,Ididnotfindthebatterypromisedintheadvertisementpostedonthehomepageofyourshop,whichmakesmefeelthatyouhavenotkeptyourpromise.Whatisworse,someofthekeysonthekeyboarddonotwork.Istronglyrequestthatasatisfactorynexplanationbegivenandeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoimproveyourserviceandthequalityofyourproducts.Youcaneithersendanewonetomeorrefundmemymoneyinfull.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience。 Sincerelyyours, ZhangWei查看更多