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2012年9月全国英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案
2012年9月全国英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案21.[A]keep[B]feelto]put[D]remain 22.[A]and[B]so[C]hut[D]therefore 23.[A]if[B]that[C]whether[D]until 24.[A]task[B]achievement[D]success[D]decision 25.[A]without[B]with[C]by[D]to 26.[A]seriously[B]ultimately[C]frequently[D]actively 27.[A]absorbs[B]sinks[C]acquaints[D3surrounds 28.[A]on[B]above[C]at[D]with 29.[A]when[B]how[C]why[D]whether 30.[A]refuses[B]denies[C]invites[D]accepts 31.[A]his[B]her[C]our[D]their 32.[A]experiencing[B]following[C]performing[D]going 33.[A]as[B]for[C]asif[D]about 34.[A]why[B]when[C]how[D]where 35.[A]order[B]make[C]expect[D]hope 36.[A]He[B]This[C]That[D]It 37.[A]criticize[B]complain[C]talk[D]discuss 38.[A]express[B]speak[C]ease[D]create 39.[A]whenever[B]though[C]if[D]unless 40.[A]other[B]another[C]theother[D]othersnSectionIIIReadingComprehension (60minutes) PartA Directions: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]. MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl. Textl NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthetwocenturiesfollowinghisdeath.Buthehassincefoundmanyablechampionsandthetidehasturned.ThePrincehasbeentermedamanualfortyrants,theeffectofwhichhasbeenmostharmful.ButwereMachiavelli’sdoctrinesreallynew?Didhediscoverthem?Hemerelyhadthefranknessandcouragetowritedownwhateverybodywasthinkingandwhateverybodyknew.Hemerelygivesustheimpressionshehadreceivedfromalongandintimateinter—coursewithprincesandtheaffairsofstate.ItwasLordBaconwhosaidthatMachiavellitellsuswhatprinces如。notwhattheyoughttod0.WhenMachiavellitakesCaesarBorgiaasamodel,hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheendinview.Thelifeofthestatewastheprimaryobject.Itmustbemaintained.AndMachiavellihaslaiddowntheprinciples,baseduponhisstudyandwideexperience,bywhichthismaybeaccomplished.Hewrotefromtheviewpointofthepolitician——notllotofthemoralist.Whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,wheremoralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.AndwillanyonecontendthattheprinciplessetbrthbyMachiavelliinhisPrinceorhisDiscourseshaveentirelyperishedfromtheearth?Hasdiplomacybeenentirelystrippedoffraudandduplicity?LetanyonereadthefamouseighteenthchapterofthePrince:“InwhatMannerPrincesshouldKeeptheirFaith.”andhewillbeconvincedthatwhatwastruenearlyfourhundredyearsago,isquiteastruetoday. OftheremainingworksofMachiavellithemostimportantistheHistoryofFlorencewrittenbetween1521andl525,anddedicatedtoClementⅦ.ThisbookismerelyarapidreviewoftheMiddleAges,andaspartofitthehistoryofFlorence.Machiavelli’smethodhasbeencriticizedforadheringattimestoocloselytothechroniclersofhistime,andatothersrejectingtheirtestimonywithoutapparentreason,whileinitsdetailstheauthorityofhisHistoryisoftenquestionable.Itisthestraightforward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestofthereader。thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory. 41.Itcanbeinferredfromthebeginningofthetextthat__________. [A]manypeopleusedtothinkhighlyofMachiavelli [B]Machiavellihadbeenveryinfluentialamongtherulers [C]Machiavelliwaswidelyreadamonghiscontemporaries [D]Machiavellihasbeenatargetofcriticismthroughouthistory 42.LordBacon’sremarksonMachiavelliisquotedas__________. [A]asupportfortheauthor’sviewpoint [B]oneofthemainstreamviewsonhim [C]ajudgmentinsupportofmostcritics [D]amodificationoftheauthor’spreviousstand 43.InthecaseofCaesarBorgia,theauthorholdsthat__________. rA]Machiavellihasbeenobjective [B]Machiavellirevealedhispersonality [C]CaesarBorgiawasadeservedmodel [D]MachiavelliovervaluedCaesarBorgian 44.Accordingtotheauthor,apolitician’smorality__________. [A]isnomatchforhispoliticalambition [B]hasbeenundIervaluedbyMachiavelliandhislikes [C]isusuallyofsecondaryimportance [D]shouldbetakenasayardstickofhiscapability 45.Theauthor’sopiniononMachiavelli’sHistoryofFlorenceisthat [A]historyhasmuchtodowiththepersonwhorecordsit [B]thecharmliesinthestyleratherthaninthecontent [C]mostpeoplefailedtoreadMachiavelli’sintentioninit [D]anyhistoryofthiskindshouldbewritteninthisway Text2 ThereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecializatiorLYoufindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeinagreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgraents.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists”.Andtheyareparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledotheirwork,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople’swork,tobeginitandjudgeit. Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”man;andhisedueationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralistsandespeciallytheadministratorsdealwithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinaparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly. Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyoubutthisispureaccident.CertainlyyoushouldnotchangeiobsconstantlyorpeoplewiUbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametime,youmustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob.Itisprimarilyatrainingjob,achancetounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee. 46.Thereisallincreasingdemandfor__________. [A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields [B]generalistswhoarecapableofmakinggeneraljudgments [C]peoplewhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional [D3specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers 47.Thespecialistis__________. [A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople [B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefield [C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees [D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechniqueandtools 48.Theadministratoris__________. [A]a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist [B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest [C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities [D]amanwhoisan“educated”specialistn 49.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant__________ [A]totrytobeageneralist [B]tochooseaprofitablejob [C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou [D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist 50.Aman’sfirstjob__________. [A]isnevertherightjobforhim [B3shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob [C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob [D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob Text3 OnTuesdayAugustllth,1911,ayoungartist,LouisBeraud,arrivedattheLouvreinParistocompleteapaintingoftheSalonCarre.Thiswastheroomwheretheworld’smostfamouspainting,theMonaLisabyLeonardodaVinci,wasondisplay.Tohissurprisetherewasanemptyspacewherethepaintingshouldhavebeen.Atll0’clockthemuseumauthoritiesrealizedthatthepaintinghadbeenstolen.Thenextdayheadlinesallovertheworldannouncedthetheft. ActuallytheLeonardohadbeengoneformorethantwenty-fourhoursbeforeanyonenoticeditwasmissing.ThemuseumwasalwaysclosedonMondaysformaintenance.JustbeforeclosingtimeonSundaythreemenhadenteredthemuseum,wheretheyhadhiddenthemselvesinastoreroom.Theactualtheftwasquickandsimple.EarlythenextmorningPerrugiaremovedthepaintingfromthewallwhiletheotherskeptwatch.Thentheywentoutabackexit. NothingwasseenorheardofthepaintingfortwoyearswhenPerrugiatriedtosellittoadealerforhalfamillionlire.PerrugiawasarrestedonDecemberl3th.PerrugiaclaimedhehadstolenitasanactofDatriotism,because,hesaid,thepaintinghadbeenlootedfromtheItaliannationbyNapoleon.Perrugiawasimprisonedfor7months.Itseemedthatthecrimeofthecenturyhadbeensolved. Buthadit?Perrugiawaskeentoclaimallresponsibilityforthetheft,anditwastwentyyearsbeforethewholestorvcameout.InfactPerrugiahadbeenworkingfortwomastercriminals,ValfiernoandChaudron,whowentunpunishedfortheircrime.Theywouldoffertostealafamouspaintingfromagalleryforacrookeddealeroranunscrupulousprivatecollector.Theywouldthenmakeacopyofthepictureand,withthehelpofbribedgalleryattendants,tapethecopytothebackoftheoriginalpainting.Thedealerwouldthenbetakentothegallervandwouldbeinvitedtomakeasecretmarkonthebackofthepainting.Ofcoursethedealerwouldactuallybemarkingthecopy.Valfiernowouldlaterproduceforgednewspapercuttingsannouncingthetheftoftheoriginal,andthenproducethecopy,completewithsecretmarking.Ifthedealerweretoseethepaintingstillinthegallery,hewouldbepersuadedthatitwasacopy,andthathepossessedthegenuineone. Chaudronthenpaintednotone,butsixcopiesoftheMonaLisa,using400一year-oldwoodpanelsfromantiqueItalianfurniture.Theforgerieswerecarefullyaged,sothatthevarnishwascrackedanddirty.ValfiernocommissionedPerrugiatostealtheoriginal,andtoldhimtohideituntilValfiernocontactedhim.PerrugiawaitedinvaininatinyroominPariswiththepainting,butheardnothingfromhispartnersincrime.TheyhadgonetoNewYork,wherethesixcopieswerealreadyinstore.Theyhadsentthemtherebeforetheoriginalwasstolen.Atthattimeitwasquitecommonforartiststocopyoldmasters,whichwouldbesoldquitehonestlyasimitations,sotherehadbeennoproblemswithUSCustoms.Valfiernowentontosellallsixcopiesfor$300000each.Valfiern0.toldthestorytoajournalistinl914,onconditionthatitwouldnotbepublisheduntilhisdeath. Doesthestoryendthere?CollectorshaveclaimedthatPerrugiareturnedacopy.ItisalsopossiblethatLeonardomayhavepaintedseveralversionsoftheMonaLisa,ortheymightbecopiesmadebyLeonardo’spupils.Therehasbeenalotofncontroversyandargumentaboutthe450一year-oldpainting,butafterall,maybethat’swhatShe’ssmilingabout. 51.Thepaintingwasprobablystolen__________. [A]onthemorningofAugustllth,1911 [B]ontheafternoonofAugustllth,1911 [C]onAugustlOth,1911 [D]onAugust9th,1911 52.Itwas__________thatPerrugiawasarrested. [A]onlywhenLouisBeraudarrivedattheLouvre [B]afterthetheftasannouncedallovertheworld [C]afterValfiernohadcontactedhkn [D]abouttwoyearslater 53.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage? [A]Perrugiastolethepaintingforthesakeofhiscountry. [B]ThepaintingwasoncetakenawaybyNapoleon. [C]Allthecriminalswhohadstolenthepaintingwereputintoprison. [D]Itwasreportedsoononthenewspaperthattheoriginalpaintinghadbeenfound. 54.TheforgerieswereproducedbythefollowingmethodsEXCEPT__________. [A]makingthecopyasoldastheoriginalone [B]usingveryoldwoodpanels [C]makingthecopyappearcrackedanddirty [D]signingthedateonthebackoftheoriginalpainting 55.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat__________. [A]theoriginalpaintingisstillondisplayattheLouvre [B]theoriginalpaintingisnowintheUnitedStates [C]theoriginalpaintinghasbeendestroyed [D]noonecouldpossiblytellwhichistheoriginalpaintingText4npiecemeal. 56.“TheBritishtrialsysternismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodojustice”(Lines2~3,Paragraphl)impliesthat__________. [A]theBritishlegalsystemcandothebasicjobwell__________convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheirmocent [B]theBritishlegalsystemisworsethanthecontinentallegalsystem [C]theBritishlegalsystemisoftenconsideredtohenotveryfair [D]theBritishlegalsystemisveryefficient 57.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue? [A]OralevidencewasunnecessaryinFrancebecausethejudgesandprosecutorscouldread. [B]WhentrialbyordealwasfinallyabandonedthroughoutEurope,trialbyjuryWasintroducedinBritain. [C]Intheadversarialsystem,itisthelawyerswhoplaytheleadingroles. [D]LawyersinBritainarepreparedtolieinordertowintheircases.n 58.InBritain,newspapers__________. [A]dothesameasAmericannewspapersdo [B]arenotinterestedinpublishingdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace [C]arenotallowedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace [D]areallowedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace 59.WecaninferthatAmericanlawyers__________. [A]donotattempttofamiliarizethemselveswithcases [B]preparetheCaSesthemselves [C]tendtohemorepassionatelyinvolvedintheirCaSeS [D]tendtoapproachCaSesdispassionately 60.Thepassage__________. [A]questionswhetherthesystemoftrialbyjuryearleverhecompletelyefficient [B]suggestsanumberofreformswhichshouldhemadetothelegalsystemsofvariouscountries [C]describeshowtheBritishlegalsystemworksandcomparesitfavourablywithothersystems [D]comparesthelegalsystemsofanumherofcountriesanddiscussestheiradvantagesanddisadvantages PartBSectionIVWriting (35nlinutes) 66.Somepeopleprefertoplanactivitiesfortheirfreetimeverycarefully.OtherschoosenottoItA2keanyplanatallfortheirfreetime.Thgveisdiscussioninthelocalnewspaperonthisissue:Whichdoyouprefer—planningornotplanningforyourleisuretime?Writeanessayforthesamenewspaperto (1)cornparethebenefitsofplanningfreetimeactivitieswiththebenefitsofnotmakingplans. (2)statefirozonchoice,and (3)givergaso?lsforyourchoice. Infiressay,youshouldusespecificreaso’n3andexamplestosupportyourchoice.n Youshouldwritel60~200wordsOnANSl4ERSHEET2. SectionIIUseofEnglish 21.[A]。考查动词固定搭配。keep(…)intouchwith是固定搭配,指“获得某方面的最新信息或者知 识”,与破折号后的补充说明相互对应。其余三个动词都不用在这一搭配中。 22.[C]。考查上下文关系。空格前theydelegate(他们授权)与空格后theyalsofollowupto…(他们也采取后续措施……)是相互对立的两种管理方式,因此前后是转折关系,选but。 23.[B]。考查搭配。makecertain(确保)后跟宾语从句时,从句连接词用that。[A]、Ec]两项引出的是 不确定的结果,与句意逻辑矛盾。 24.[D]。考查名词与上下文理解。task任务;achievement成就;success成功;decision决定。由上下文 文意、常识及修饰词major(重大的)可知这里指做出重大决定,因此选[D]。 25.[A]。考查介词与上下文理解。由常识可知,一般都是由企业负责人(president)来做出重大决定,因此这里要用否定介词without来构成双重否定表达肯定意思才合逻辑。注意knowledge在此指“知道”。 26.[B]。考查副词辨义。seriously严肃地,严重地;ultimately最终,最后;frequently经常,频繁地;actively积极地,活跃地。句意指负责人或者CE0最终对公司的成败负责,因此选[B]。 27.[D]。考查动词搭配与上下文理解。absorb吸收,吸引(它不与sb.with连用,其后多跟in);sink沉没,下降,恶化(其后应跟in/into);acquaintoneselfwithsth.了解或认识某事物,得知某事;surroundoneselfwith与…在一起,与…为伍。由句意与常识可知应选[D]。 28.[C]。考查介词搭配。空格前一分句中已经出现at…levels(在…的水平或级别上)这一固定搭配, 所以此处也应用at。 29.[A]。考查从句连接词。由句子结构可知空格后的部分是前面主句的状语从句,应填入的连接词在 从句中也作状语,且表达的是时间,故选连接副词when。 30.[C]。考查动词辨义与上下文理解。由后面的anopenatmosphere(种开明的氛围)可知[A]、[B]两个含有否定义的动词都不能填入。accept指“接纳,接受”,它不用input(意见)作宾语。invite在此指“主动要求(别人提出意见等)”。 31.[D]。考查指代一致。从句主语是all,指前文所说的hisexecutivesandsupervisors,且由句意及动词share(分享)可知这里并非指将CE0一个人的观点拿出来分享,故选与all对应的代词their。 32.[B]。考查动词辨义与搭配。experience经历,体验;follow跟随,按照;perf01Trl表现,完成;go走,去。能与practice(惯例,习惯做法,实践)搭配的动词是follow。 33.[C]。考查固定搭配与上下文理解。由上下文文意可知这里应用feelasif这一固定搭配,指“觉得似 乎…”。其余三项中只有[D]与feel连用,但其后不能跟句子。 34.[A]。考查上下文理解。why引出原因,when引出时间,how引出方式,where引出地点。由空格前的动词understand(理解)及后面一句的意思可知,只有理解了决定的原因才有可能支持,因此选[A]。 35.[C]。考查动词辨义与搭配。order命令make使,制造;expect期望,期待;hope希望。[A]、[B]两 项明显不合文意;而hope后不跟不定式的复合结构,因此本题只能选[C]。n 36.[D]。考查代词与常用表达。由句子结构不难看出这里是“Itbeforsb.todosth.”的常用表达,其中it为形式主语,真正主语是不定式。 37.[B]。考查动词搭配。criticize批评(是及物动词);complainabout抱怨,指责;talkabout谈论;discuss讨论(是及物动词)。由于空格前有否定含义的poorpractice,因此选含否定义的[B]。 38.[A]。考查动词辨义。express表达;speak说(用语言作宾语);ease改善,减轻,放松;create创造,引起。由句意可知这里指表达不同意见,因此选[A]。 39.[D]。考查上下文关系。由上下文不难看出,这里指美国人只有在某一决定涉及非法活动时公司的管理人员才会反对负责人,即空格后是一种让步情形,因此选表让步的连词unless。 40.[B]。考查限定词。other指“其余的”,后跟可数名词复数形式;another指“另一(个/种)”,其后跟可数名词单数,符合题意;theother特指两者中的“另一(个)”;0thers指“其余的”,其后不再跟名词。SectionIIIReadingComprehension PartA Textl 41.[D]。分析推理题。短文一开始就指出:NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli(没有人比Machiavelli所受的批判更严厉),反过来理解,就是Machiavelli一直受着最为严厉的批判,与此义相符的就是[D]项,其中的criticism对应于句中的harshlyjudged。答题的关键在于对这句话的理解,因此本题也可归人词句理解题。其余三项都与原文不符。Machiavelli,即尼克尔·马基雅维利(1469—1527),意大利政治理论家,他的著作《君主论》(即短文中的Prince,1513年)阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束,如何获得并保持其权力。 42.[A]。分析推理题。作者在说明Machiavelli一直受到严厉批判后指出:Buthehassince…thetidehasturned(但他此后见证了许多有能力的斗士,潮流也已逆转),接着说《君主论》成了暴君的指南,后果极其有害。然后,作者提出了两个问题,并进行了回答,提出了自己的观点:Machiavelli的观点并非独创,他只是将自己的印象记录下来,只是敢于将大家都知道的东西写下来而已。接着作者用一个强调句型,引用LordBacon的话,说明Machiavelli只是告诉人们君主所做的事情,而非君主应当如何去做。很明显,后者的意思与前面作者的观点是一致的,因此作者引用的目的当然就是为了支持自己的观点,即答案是[A]。其余三项都不合作者的行文逻辑。 43.[A]。分析推理题。在第一段中间,作者举了CaesarBorgia的例子,说明:hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprince…,根据hero(英雄)和prince(君主)之间的区别(前者是主观看法,后者则是客观事实)以及后文的补充说明可知,在作者的心目中,Machiavelli是客观记述而不是主观判断,因此[A]是正确的。至于其他三项,[B]中的personality(性格)在文中没有体现,[C]属于抓住model一词进行的发挥,而[D]中的0vervalued(高估,过分重视)也语出无据。 44.[C]。细节题。对应的信息位于第一段倒数第四句:whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals…thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand(好的政见也许会是坏的道德准则,而事实上,奇怪而注定的是,当道德准则与政见相冲突时,后者往往会占上风),也就是说,政治家往往会认为政治比道德更重要,符合此意的就是[C]项。其余三项中,[A]项指“比不上其政治野心”,其中的ambition属于原文中没有的信息;[B]项指“一直被Machiavelli之流高估”,属于抓住原文中overvalue一词进行的发挥;[D]项指“应当作为其能力的准绳”,更是语出无据。 45.[B]。分析推理题。短文后一段提到了Machiavelli的著作theHistoryofFlorence(《佛罗伦萨史》)。作者指出,该书只是对中世纪的一种快速回顾,并且指出其写作方法和内容备受批评和质疑,而在该段最后一句中,作者用一个强调句指出,直接、具有逻辑性的叙述方式才是该书最大的魅力所在。结合这些方面可知,作者认为该书的魅力在于其风格而非内容,故答案就是[B]。其余三项都与该段原意不符,也无法由原文合理推知。n Text2 46.[B]。细节题。文章第三句指出,对于管理人才的需求在增加,而由后文对这种人的描述可知指的就是generalists,因此答案是[B]。 47.[D]。细节题。答案信息对应于第二段第一句中的后一分句:hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools(他关注的是技术和工具),与[D]一致。 48.[C]。细节题。文章第二段对比了这两种人才的不同之处,在谈到管理人才时,该段第四句后一分句说:andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation(人文学科是其最强大的基础),与[C]的意思一致。 49.[D]。细节题。答案信息对应于第二段最后一句:Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtOplanyourcareeraccordingly(在培训期间,你的任务就是找出自己适合这两种工作中的哪一种,并且做出相应的职业规划),它与[D]的意思一致。 50.[B]。分析推理题。文章最后一段指出,第一份工作可能会是最适合的工作,但这纯属偶然;也不能频繁地换工作;不能把第一份工作视为自己最终要从事的工作。因此本题答案是[B]。 Text3 51.[C]。分析推理题。文章第二段第一句指出,发现失窃后,实际上《蒙娜·丽莎》已经丢失超过24小时了,然后描述了博物馆的开门时间和窃贼作案的过程。窃贼们周日进入博物馆里,再在第二天早上即周一盗走了画。文章第一句说明周二是1911年8月11日,因此盗走画的时间就是8月10日,选[C]。 52.[D]。细节题。文章第三段第一、二句指出,Perrugia卖画时被捕已经是两年以后的事情了(Nothingwasseen…fortwoyearswhenPerrugiatriedtosellittOadealerforhalfamillionlire,其中的it指的就是被盗的画),因此选[D]。 53.[B]。细节题。本题为细节比对题。[A]对应于第三段第三句,但这是他自己的说法,第四段对此加以了否定;[B]也对应于这一句,与这一句后一分句指出的事实相符;[C]与倒数第二段描述的其他几名窃贼的情形不符;[D]与第三段第一句不符。 54.[D]。细节题。本题也为细节比对题。文章第五段第一、二两句描述了假画的制作过程。对照四个 选项可知,只有[D]是上一段提到的一种方法,但不是伪造《蒙娜·丽莎》的过程。 55.[D]。分析推理题。文章最后一段指出,关于这幅画的故事没有结束,由其中的possible、might、controversyandargument、maybe等词可以看出,作者的意思是仍存在许多疑问,因此选[D]。 Text4 56.[C]。句意推测题。由句中9ame(游戏)与aseriousattempttodojustice(实现正义的严肃之事)之间的对比关系及这一段后文对于英国审判过程的描述可以推知[C]对。 57.[D]。细节题。本题为细节比对题。[A]与第三段说明的法国审判系统中证据使用书面形式的内容相符;[B]与第二段第三、四句的意思一致;[C]与第一段最后一句中对两种审判形式的对比相符;只有[D]曲解了第一段中对于英国律师的描述。 58.[C]。细节题。答案信息对应于第五段第一句,其中的thisisvirtuallyneverallowed指的就是不允许媒体提前公布与审判有关的细节,即[C]。n 59.[C]。分析推理题。第五段对比了英美两国审判体系中律师的不同表现。由其中第二、三句和最后一句可以推知,美国律师与英国律师相反,更了解自己所代理的案子,因此答案是[C]。 60.[D]。主旨题。参见上述各题分析。文章主要是对比英美两国及其他一些国家(如法国)各自的审判制度的优缺点,因此最能概括这一主旨的就是[D]。 PartB 61.它想要应对的道德挑战之一涉及到“广泛性”,我们已经将其理解为一种比如说在员工关心的事情上所采用的“大伞”方式。 考查从句的理解和翻译以及词汇。在句子结构上本题较为复杂,需要考生仔细分析。句子主干是0neofthedifficultchallenges…concerns“inclusiveness”,其中省略号处是一个省略了连接词的定语从句,修饰challenges(挑战)。而此后又是一个由which引导的、较长的非限定性定语从句,修饰的是inclusiveness(广泛性,包容性)。对于这种较长的从句,应当按照中文习惯,将其翻译成一个单独的句子,并补足相应的句子成分。在这个从句中,又含有一个插入语forexample,正是它的存在影响了许多考生的理解。其实,我们完全可以将它划掉,句子变成…a“largeurnbrella’’approachinemployeeconcerns,就不难理解了。翻译时只要将插入语补上就行了。至于词汇,一是addressed在此不再是“致辞,演说”的意思,而是指“应对,处理”;二是interpret在此直译不是很恰当;三是umbrella用的是比喻义,指“保护,庇护”,但由于有large修饰,故还是直译比较好。另外,两个concern的意思并不相同,考生也需要注意。 62.或许,可以在一个日益分裂的社会中构架起桥梁的一个最为重要的道德理念是,必须寻找到经验性证据,并用它来让人们在有争议的公众问题上达成一致意见。 考查从句、词汇以及被动语态的理解和翻译。在结构上,句子主干是thegreatestethicalidea…IStheidea…。第一个that从句作主语idea的定语,而第二个that从句则是表语idea的同位语。第二个从句中用的是被动语态,翻译时考生应根据中文习惯进行调整。词汇方面,fragmented指“成碎片的,断裂的”,在此指社会“四分五裂,分崩离析”;buildbridge用的是比喻义,指将社会联成一体;empiricalevidence指“经验性证据,实证”。 63.出现这种情况的一个关键原因是商业环境具有高度竞争性的本质,在这一环境中,国际竞争者正在威胁着美国国内企业的生存。 考查定语从句和词汇的理解。本题句子结构较为简单,逗号后的部分为一个由where引导的定语从句,修饰其前的thebusinessenvironment(商业环境)。词汇方面,考生主要应注意两个business的区别,前者指的是“商业”,而后者用复数形式,指的是“(商业)企业”。当然,考生也应当把key(关键的),very(正是)等词所体现出的强调语气准确翻译出来。 64.事实上,认为这种法律已经进入自然法领域,那些以前由私人决策者制定的规范如今要通过立法命令来颁布的观点是很有说服力的。 考查从句、特殊句式以及词汇的理解和翻译。本题是一个特殊句式,句子主干是itcouldpersuasivelybearguedthat…,其中it是形式主语,其后的that从句才是真正主语。这个从句中由两个并列句组成,即lawinthismture…和nomsfomerlydescribed…,它们之间由and连接。在第二个并列句中,formerlydescribedbyprivatedecision_makers是noms的分词后置定语,它相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。词汇方面,关键是要疏通itcouldpersuasivelybeargued一处,应根据中文习惯来翻译。其次,inthisnature指的是“这一类的”;naturallaw指“自然法(则)”;realm在此指“领域”;legislativecommands指的是“立法命令,法律命令”。 65.这些法律就其初衷来说都是值得颂扬的;但尽管如此,它们却使得本国企业很难(就算不是完全不可能)与其他没有此种法律的国家的企业进行竞争,尤其是在考虑到成本的时候。n 考查特殊句式、从句及词汇的理解和翻译。在结构上,本题由两个并列句组成,其间用分号隔开。前一分句是一个简单句,考查重点是第二个分句。在这个分句中,含有非谓语动词(competingwith…)作宾语、形容词(difficult)作宾补以及插入语(ifnotimpossible)等语法现象,需要考生注意。考生还要分析清楚这个分句的结构:主干是theymakecompeting…difficult,而when引导的是一个状语从句。词汇方面,praise—worthy指“值得称道的,值得颂扬的”;nonetheless指“尽管如此,然而”;take(sth.)intoaccount是个固定短语指“考虑到,顾及,注意到”。SectionIVWriting 66.写作要点: (i)这是关键词与提纲相结合的写作。考生首先应当推敲关键词,理解题目要求,再根据所给提纲和关键词确定自己的写作主旨并构思文章的展开方式。 (ii)本题的关键词给出的是两种对立的观点,考生应根据自己的实际情况选择最有把握展开的观点进行论述。只要表达恰当、论述合乎逻辑,考生观点的选择不会影响得分。 (iii)题目要求中明确指出应用具体例子进行观点论证。例子不应多,一般举出一个即可。参考范文: Peopleoftenspendtheirfreetimeindifferentways.SomemakeplanscarefullvfOrtheirleisuretime,whileothersjustplannothingforthefreetime.Iprefermakingspecificplanformyleisuretimeinadvance,becausemakingplanhasSOmanyadvantages. First,plansshowUSthedirection.PlanspointOUtthedirectionforUS,thuswewon’tfeelconfused.Astheoldsayinggoes,“Practicemakesperfect”,planalsomakesperfect.Undertheguideofaplan,thingswillgomethodicallyratherthaninamess. Second,plansgivepeopleasenseofself-fulfillment.Peoplecanalwaysgetencouragementorinspirationwhencompletingacertaintaskatwork,SOiswiththespendingoftheleisuretime.AspecifictimeschedulecanalwaysgivemeasenseofachievementespeciallywhenIfinishtheseschedulesonebyone.Ifthereisnotaspecificplanformyday,Iwillfeelabitlost,notknowingwhattodo.Thusitisverylikelyformetogetlostinanidlefeelingandagreatdepression. Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasandhabitsofspendingtheirleisuretime,andforme,acarefullyplannedleisuretimescheduleandastrictlyenforcementoftheschedulecanbringenjoymentandrelaxation.查看更多