2007年12月_英语4级真题及答案

2007年12月_英语4级真题及答案

2007年12月大学英语四级考试(新题型)试题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofWhatelectivestochoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:Whatelectivestochoose1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例……PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.UniversitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcourseofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity--andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai'sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu'sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andnChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation'swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfalltograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand--likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory--strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome______.A)morepopularizedthaneverbeforeB)in-servicetrainingorganizationsC)apowerfulforceforglobalintegrationD)moreandmoreresearch-oriented2.Overthepastdecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased______.A)atanannualrateof8percentB)atanannualrateof3.9percentC)by800,000D)by2.5million3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A)38%.B)10%.C)30%D)20%.4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.B)TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.C)Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.nD)Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities'globalizationis______.A)Yale'sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworldB)Yale'sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsC)Yale'shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsD)Yale'scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A)ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany.B)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.C)ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.D)IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?A)Ithasincreasedby3percent.B)Itdoubledbetween1998and2003.C)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.D)Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby_______________________________.9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill______________________________.10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand__________________________________.SectionBPassageOneInthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-yoar-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontests,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn'twinthecontestagain?That'sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,"Don'tyouwanttowinagain?""No,"shereplied,"Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade."Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly"guided"bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter'sexperience.Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.57.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?nA)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren'stimenowadays.B)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.C)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.D)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.58.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?A)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.B)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.C)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.D)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.59.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear'swritingcontest?A)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.B)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.C)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother'shelp.D)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.60.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter'sstoriesbecauseA)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriterB)shewasafraidRebecca'simaginationmightrunwildwhilewritingC)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuchD)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance61.What'stheauthor'sadviceforparents?A)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions.B)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.C)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.D)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.PassageTwoByalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistanceleaning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it'scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven'theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there'stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearly,fromtheschools'perspective,there'salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon'tcometocampus,themoreschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots.And,whilethere'sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforanvarietyofreasons,theywon'tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.62.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.B)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.C)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.63.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby______.A)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionB)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsC)thegreatdiversityofstudents'academicbackgroundsD)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors64.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan______.A)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesB)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesC)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwhereverD)earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffort65.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.B)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.C)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.66.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof______.A)buildinguptheirreputationB)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesC)providingconvenienceforstudentsD)cuttingdownontheirexpensesPartⅤCloze(15minutes)Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined(67)atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied(68)anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe(69)fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,(70)tospecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.(71)onesense,theeffectofaconsumer'smoodcanbethoughtofin(72)thesamewayascanourreactionstothe(73)ofourfriends--whenourfriendsarehappyand"up",thattrendstoinfluenceuspositively,(74)whentheyare"down",thatcanhavea(75)impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera(76)moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection(77)withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee(78)inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa(79)mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.(80),moodstatesappearcapableof(81)aconsumer'smemory.Moodsappeartobe(82)influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and(83)ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe(84)oftimespentinsupermarketsor(85)topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers'moodswhich,in(86),arecapableofinfluencingconsumer'reactionstoproducts.67.A)withB)aboutC)asD)by68.A)upB)toC)underD)over69.A)dividedB)derivednC)descendedD)distinguished70.A)referredB)relatedC)attachedD)associated71.A)InB)OnC)ByD)Of72.A)thusB)stillC)muchD)even73.A)behaviorB)gestureC)signalD)view74.A)forB)providedC)unlessD)but75.A)relativeB)negativeC)sensitiveD)decisive76.A)fixedB)grantedC)givenD)driven77.A)insistentB)resistantC)persistentD)consistent78.A)retailersB)consumersC)businessmenD)manufacturers79.A)casualB)seriousC)favorableD)critical80.A)MoreoverB)HoweverC)NeverthelessD)Otherwise81.A)liftingB)raisingC)cultivatingD)enhancing82.A)rarelyB)readilyC)currentlyD)cautiously83.A)volumeB)speedC)stepD)band84.A)extentB)scopeC)amountD)range85.A)capacitiesB)facilitiesC)intentionsD)reflections86.A)turnB)depthC)totalD)detailPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets,PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.87._________________________(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat___________________(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,__________________________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_____________________(它更加方便和省时).91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife______________________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.答案与解析nPartⅠWritingSampleWritingWhatelectivestochooseCurrently,inordertocultivatestudentswithmultipleabilitiesaswellastoenrichcampuslife,universitiesaroundthecountryareofferingvariouselectives,rangingfrompracticalskilltrainingtoartsappreciation.Facedwithsuchawiderangeofelectives,howdostudentsmaketheirchoice?Differentstudentshavedifferentconsiderations.Forexample,Somestudentsalwayshavetheirfuturecareerinmind,andchoosecoursesthathelptodeveloptheirpracticalskillsandstrengthentheirknowledgebase.Suchstudentsdon'tmindextrahardwork.Buttherearealsosome"lazy"oneswhoprefer"easy-to-learn"electives.Theydon'tcareabouttheirpersonalinterestsorthequalityofthecourses,sincealltheywantisjusttoearntherequiredcredits.Whenit'smyturntochooseanelective,Iwillputmypersonalinterestfirst.Becomingapainterisoneofmychildhooddreams.Ofcoursethisdreamnevercomestrue.SowhenIchoosetheelectivecourseofpaining,Iamnotonlyrelivingmychildhooddreambutalsodevelopmypersonalstyle.Besides,inthepaintingcourse,Icanmakefriendswithpeoplewithcommoninterests.Wehaveagoodtimetogether,paintingincolorsandgivingwingstoourimaginations.PartⅢListeningComprehensionSectionA11.D12.B13.A14.A15.C16.D17.A18.B19.C20.B21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.D27.C28.B29.A30.B31.C32.A33.D34.D35.C36.alarming37.increased38.sheer39.disturbing40.comparison41.proportion42.workforce43.reverse44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry45.thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals46.SothefigureforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemploymentPartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA47．E48．C49．O50．F51．L52．I53．J54．G55．A56．KSectionB57．[A]58．[D]59．[B]60．[D]61．[C]62．[B]63．[A]n64．[C]65．[A]66．[D]PartⅤCloze67．[C]68．[B]69．[D]70．[B]71．[A]?2．[C]73．[A]74．[D]75．[B]76．[C]77．[D]78．[B]79．[C]80．[A]81．[D]82．[B]83．[A]84．[C]85．[C]86．[A]PartⅥTranslation87．Thanksto/Owingtoaseriesofnewinventions88．Iaminclinedto/Itendtogettiredmoreeasilythanbefore89．nomatterwhat/whateversacrificesIwillmake90．theformer/onlineshoppingismoreconvenientandtime-saving91．ismeasuredintermsofhowmuchtheycanborrow