2009年六月历年真题及答案

2009年六月历年真题及答案

2009年6月大学英语四级真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Freeadmissiontomuseums1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)HowDoYouSeeDiversity?Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantageAtatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏爱)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletostayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGenderDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.41n“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-AllDougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”AbetterBottomLineAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.”MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrain41nour-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?A)Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.B)Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.C)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom.A)Racialstereotypes.C)Racialstereotypes.B)Invalidpersonalbias.D)Emphasisonphysicalappearance3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?A)Arealestateagency.C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.D)Ahi-techcompany5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat.A)Hehadhiredthewrongperson.B)Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany.C)Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell.D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.B)Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.D)Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?41nA)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.C)HeflatlyturneditdownB)Hedemandedanexplanation.D)Hereadilyapprovedit.8.Dougfeltwhenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceoftotheirbusiness.10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthebetweenus.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.A)closerI)painfulB)dailyJ)performanceC)emotionalK)professionD)enhanceL)remarkablyE)enormousM)requireF)especiallyN)sensitiveG)hinderO)urgeH)mission41nPassageOneTheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型的)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someanalysts(分析师)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But–thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers–onedayitwillbe.57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.41nD)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldC)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.60.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?A)Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.B)Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumershavethefinalsay.D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoScientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(缕)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyouhair,”saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素).Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.41nTheywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.“It’snotgoodforpinpointing(精确定位),”Cerlingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?A)One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B)Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.C)Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.D)Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Para.3)?A)Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues.D)Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence.64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest?A)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.C)Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.D)Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.C)Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.41nD)Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.D)Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.PartVCloze(15minutes)KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays69,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,71amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.72mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis73.Lastyearssalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent74youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen75one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin200776ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis77inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily78time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.Alarmedbythisstateof79,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)80acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81wealthgap,demographic(人口结构的)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir83longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones84giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA85afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(合并)intheautomotivesectoris86.PartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare(更有可能增加体重).90.(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)41n67.A)profitC)incomeB)paymentD)budget68.A)mostlyC)occasionallyB)partiallyD)rarely69.A)ThereforeC)OtherwiseB)BesidesD)Consequently70.A)driftC)currentB)tideD)trend71.A)remarkablyC)speciallyB)essentiallyD)particularly72.A)WhileC)WhenB)BecauseD)Since73.A)surgingC)slippingB)stretchingD)shaking74.A)unlessC)asB)ifD)after75.A)lowerC)broaderB)slighterD)larger76.A)liabletoC)thankstoB)intermsofD)inviewof77.A)uniqueC)mysteriousB)similarD)strange78.A)overC)onB)againstD)behind79.A)messC)growthB)boomD)decay80.A)proceededC)launchedB)relievedD)revised81.A)quickeningC)strengtheningB)wideningD)lengthening82.A)averageC)abundantB)massiveD)general83.A)labelsC)vehiclesB)cyclesD)devices84.A)orC)butB)untilD)then85.A)concludesC)reckonsB)predictsD)prescribes86.A)distantC)temporaryB)likelyD)immediate2008年6月大学英语四级试题及参考答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)towriteALetterofApologyaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。二.快速阅读MediaSelectionforAdvertisementsAfterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusourattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home.Internet,anddirectmail.TelevisionTelevisionisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.Television'sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.TheGolfChannel,forinstance.iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishasalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.Newspaper?Aftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualadrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually,iimincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryinionciues.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger.moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthrough48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemassageout.Newspapersareofenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreader.RadioAdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrowRadioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(广告牌)andiheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisers41narelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepealtheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturning10radioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthelocalstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.MagazinesNewsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket,magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous,ifyoureadsportsillustrated,forexample,youhavemuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.Advertiserusingtheprintmedia-magazinesandnewspapers-willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theinternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers,thesesecond.Advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.Out-of-homeadvertisingOut-of-homeadvertising.Alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective,technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.Usingdigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausethey.Canchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.InternetAsconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarketAsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersIstocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations'advertisinginthenearftuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheonlinemediumaswell.DirectmailAfinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient'smessageDirectmailincludesnewsletters.postcardsandspecialpromotions.Directmailis41naneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses.directmailisthemosteffectivefromofadvertising.1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat_____________.A)ithaslargeaudiencesB)itappealstohousewivesC)ithelpsbuildupacompany'sreputationD)itisaffordabletomostadvertiser2.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels_________.A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreasedB)thenuiflberofTVviewershasincreasedC)advertisers'interestinothermediahasdecreasedD)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased3.Comparedwithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium_________________.A)earnalargerannualadrevenueB)conveymoredetailedmessagesC)usemoreproductiontechniquesD)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively4.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause___________.A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetupB)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumersD)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio.5.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto___________.A)reachtargetaudiencesB)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)appealtoeducatedpeople.D)conveyallkindsofmessages6.Oui-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause_______A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohoursB)consumerstravelmorenoweverbeforeC)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractiveD)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays7.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare___________.A)quicktoupdateB)pleasanttolookatC)easytorememberD)convenienttoaccess8.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe_____________9.Directmailisaneffecitiveformofadvertisingforbusinessestodevelop_________________________10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect________________foradvertisements.三.听力部分（10：00－10：35）四.阅读词汇部分选词阅读及完型（10：35－11：25）PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)41nSectionASomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly-47-toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas-48-toalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,-49-unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup-50-anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable-51-Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughmymind:youcan’tlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebad-52-.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince.Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces.Withoutguidesoreven-53-bookings.ConfidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition–54-.buteachtimeyoutrysomething.Youlearn.Andasthelearningpliesup.Theworldopenstoyou.。I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineriverina–55-.AndIknowI’llgotodoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan-56-wonders.A.accomplishI.manufactureB.advancedJ.momentsC.balloonK.newsD.claimL.reducedE.constantlyM.regretF.declareN.scaryG.interviewsO.totallyH.limited阅读PassageOneGlobalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs-wecan'tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld'spopulationisprojevtedtogrowfrom 6.4billonto9.1billion,a42%increase.ifenergyuseperpersonand technologyremaintesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegas emissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat'stoo low,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconmic growthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresent。Povertyandfreezeeveryoneelse'slivingstandards.Withmodest growth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethendoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthand personalfreeom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)that mightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're "doingsomething"ConsidertheKyotoProtoco(京都议定书).Italowed countriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn't reducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012 targets.Thepracticalcodusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotential disaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressive researchanddevelopmentprogrammiaghtfindwaysofbreakingour dependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomea moralproblewhenit'steallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenient truthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.41n57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.B)Itisanissuerepuiringworldwidecommitments.C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobtingitundetcontrol.58.Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisA1Gore'sviewonglobalwarming?A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawreof.B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof___.A)economicgrowthB)wastefuluseofenergyC)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,____.A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationB)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuseC)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarmingD)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvoronmentalproblems61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.PassageTwoSomedayasirangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsiteyou'vevisited，Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,it'slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermisson?Itmightbeaspous,agirlfreiend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen-the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis"no."WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlostingit.Asurveryfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis"slippingaway,andthatbothersme."Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrack41nautomobilemovements.Andfewturndonwsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcauistihasrunaseriesof teststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocailSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠卷)。Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimes.It'slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit.62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked"(Lines3-4,Para.2)?A)People'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers'secrets.C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.64.Whydoestheauthorsay"weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret"(Line5,para.3)A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers'affairs.D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.C)Theyrelymostandmoreonelectronicdevices.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat___.A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit.B)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodC)isissomethingthatcaneasilybelostD)peopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseitPartVCloze(15minutes)Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed-67-extendingman'sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions-68-fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein-69-andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdono-70-thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe-71-researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.-72-mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis-73-tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin-74-withthelastestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto-75-theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen-76-.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe-77-one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen-78-judgmentandwisdomasweelasknowledge.Forthisreason,they-79-studendstomeetotherswithdiffering41n-80-andtoreadwidelyto-81-theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.-82-asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughtinasubjecttoenjoygainiingknowledgeforitsown-83-.Heshouldbepreparedto-84-sacrificestostudyhischosen-85-indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome-86-contributiontoman'sknowledge.67.A)atB)byC)toD)in68.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies69.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor70.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare71.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast72.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For73.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional74.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp75.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure76.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference77.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only78.A)withB)underC)onD)through79.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate80.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities81.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify82.A)AmidB)OverC)AfterD)Upon83.A)objectB)effectC)courseD)sake84.A)takeB)sufferC)makeD)pay85.A)fieldB)targetC)scopeD)goal86.A)radicalB)meaningfulC)truthfulD)initialPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch_________.（能应用于新技术的开发）88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Something__________（一定出了毛病）withitsoperatingsystem.89.Leavingone’sjob,_____________（无论是什么工作）,isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.90._________（与我成长的地方相比）,thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91._________（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill2007年12月大学英语四级试题及参考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Whatelectivestochoose1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例……PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)UniversitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthat41nmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsformaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity-andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinchina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyin41nCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand–likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome_________.  A)moreandmoreresearch-oriented       B)in-servicetrainingorganizations  C)morepopularizedthaneverbefore      D)apowerfulforceforglobalintegration2.Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased__________.  A)by2.5million              B)by800,000  C)atanannualrateof3.9percent       D)atanannualrateof8percent3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?  A)10%       B)20%       C)30%       D)38%4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A)Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.B)Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.C)TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.D)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationis__________.  A)Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch  B)Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects41n  C)Yale’sstudentsexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions  D)Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?  A)IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.  B)ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany.  C)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.  D)ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?  A)Ithasincreasedby3percent.        B)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.  C)Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.       D)Itdoubledbetween1998and2003.8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby____.9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill_____.10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand___.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAAswarspreadstomanycornersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe 48 ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated(提名)fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.Groupsofchildren49 aspeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsandpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownasTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50 opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52 towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53 usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe55 ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassandonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsandideallyaffectthecultureofthe56 school.A)acting     B)assuming    C)comprehensive   D)cooperative    E)entire F)especially    G)forward     H)images      I)information    J)offers    K)projects    L)respectively   M)role       N)technology    O)victimsSectionBPassageOneByalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargest41nprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearly,fromtheschools’perspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinseversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolssavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots.And,whilethere’sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,theywon’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?  A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.  B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.  C)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.  D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby_________.A)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirements  B)thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgrounds  C)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction  D)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan________.  A)earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffort  B)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpense  C)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversities  D)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?  A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.  B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.  C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.  D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof________.  A)buildinguptheirreputation        B)cuttingdownontheirexpenses  C)upgradingtheirteachingfacilities      D)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwo41n  InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.  AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontests,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastorytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.  Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”  Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall.Iofferedsuggestionsfirstgradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.  Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowlittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade.IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter’sexperience.  Whilesteepingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?  A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.  B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.  C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.  D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?  A)Shedidnotquireliveuptoherreputationasawriter.  B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.  C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.  D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.64.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?  A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting. B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.  C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.   D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.65.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause___________.  A)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance.  B)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch  C)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamofbecomingawriter  D)shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting66.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?41n  A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursuer.  B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.  C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.  D)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions.PartIV Cloze (15minutes)   Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined 67 atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizeandnottied68 anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69 formemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70 tospecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.71 onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin72 thesamewayascanourreactionstothe73 ofourfriends---whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendstoinfluenceuspositively,74 whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea75 impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera76 moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection77 withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee78 inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa79 mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.80,moodstatesappearcapableof81 aconsumer’smemory.Moodsappeartobe82 influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and83 ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe84 oftimespentinsupermarketsor85 topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodswhich,in86,arecapableofinfluencingconsumers’reactionstoproducts.67.A)as      B)about        C)by        D)with68.A)over     B)under        C)to        D)up69.A)derived    B)descended      C)divided      D)distinguished70.A)related     B)referred       C)attached     D)associated71.A)On       B)In         C)Of        D)By72.A)thus      B)much       C)even       D)still73.A)signal      B)gesture      C)view       D)behavior74.A)for       B)but        C)unless       D)provided75.A)relative     B)decisive      C)negative      D)sensitive76.A)given      B)granted      C)fixed        D)driven77.A)resistant     B)persistent     C)insistent      D)consistent78.A)consumers    B)businessmen    C)serious      D)manufacturers79.A)casual     B)critical       C)serious      D)favorable80.A)However    B)Otherwise     C)Moreover     D)Nevertheless81.A)lifting      B)enhancing     C)raising      D)cultivating82.A)readily     B)rarely       C)cautiously     D)currently83.A)step      B)speed        C)band       D)volume84.A)extent     B)amount       C)scope      D)range85.A)facilities    B)capacities      C)reflections    D)intentions86.A)turn      B)total        C)detail      D)depthPartVI Translation (5minutes)87.________________（多亏了一系列的新发明）,doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_________________(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,____________________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause__________41n（它更加方便和省时）.91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife____________________（是用他们能够借到多少衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.2006年12月23日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)topicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会3.我的看法PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted,”peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou’reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It’semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosay,lifesometimesseemsdesignedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wehavefamilyobligations.Weencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.Evenasachild,Iobservedpeoplewhowerepoor,ordisabled,orill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbody,wrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbedtowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan’tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.Youmusttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.1.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat’snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It’slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon’tnoticeitatfirst,buteventuallyyou’llgetaflat.It’suptoyoutoplugtheleak—eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.That’swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline—agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.41nHere’sachallenge:Ifit’ssomethingyouwouldn’tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou’venevereaten.Listentomusicyou’dordinarilytuneout.You’lldiscoverthesesmallthingsaddtoyouremotionalenergy.2.Reclaimlife’smeaning.Somanyofmypatientstellmethattheirlivesusedtohavemeaning,butthatsomewherealongthelinethingswentstale.Thefirststepinsolvingthismeaningshortageistofigureoutwhatyoureallycareabout,andthendosomethingaboutit.AcaseinpointisIvy,57,apioneerininvestmentbanking.“ImistakenlybelievedthatallthemoneyImadewouldmeansomething,”shesays.“ButIfeellost,likea22-year-oldwonderingwhattodowithherlife.”Ivy’ssolution?ShestartedaprogramthatshowsWallStreetershowtodonatetimeandmoneytopoorchildren.Intheprocess,Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaning.3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus,buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients.“Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithalittletenderlovingcare,”shesays.“It’sachallenge—andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun.”Wealldefinefundifferently,ofcourse,butIcanguaranteethis:Ifyouputjustabitofitintoyourday,youenergywillincreasequickly.4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.Everyone’spastisfilledwithregretsthatstillcausepain.Butfromanemotionalenergypointofview,theyaredeadweightsthatkeepusfrommovingforward.Whiletheycan’tmerelybewilledaway,Idorecommendyouremindyourselfthatwhateverhappenedisinthepast,andnothingcanchangethat.Holdingontothememoryonlyallowsthedamagetocontinueintothepresent.5.Makeupyourmind.Sayyou’vebeenthinkingaboutcuttingyourhairshort.Willitlookstylish—ortooextreme?Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.Everytimeyoucan’tdecide,youburdenyourselfwithalternatives.Quitthinkingthatyouhavetomaketherightdecision;instead,makeachoiceanddon’tlookback.6.Givetoget.Emotionalenergyhasakindofmagicalquality;themoreyougive,themoreyougetback.Thisisthedifferencebetweenemotionalandphysicalenergy.Withthelatter,youhavetogetittobeabletogiveit.Withtheformer,however,yougetitbygivingit.Startbyaskingeveryoneyoumeet,“Howareyou?”asifyoureallywanttoknow,thenlistentothereply.Betheonewhohears.Mostofusalsoneedtosmilemoreoften.Ifyoudon’tsmileatthepersonyoulovefirstthinginthemorning,you’resuckingenergyoutofyourrelationship.Finally,helpanotherperson—andmakethe41nhelpreal,concrete.Giveamassage(按摩)tosomeoneyoulove,orcookherdinner.Then,expandthecircletowork.Tryaskingyourselfwhatyou’ddoifyourgoalweretobehelpfulratherthanefficient.Afterall,ifit’struethatwhatgoesaroundcomesaround,whynotmakesurethatwhat’scirculatingaroundyouisthegoodstuff?1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.2.Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.3.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.4.Theauthorbelievesemotionalenergyisinheritedandgeneticallydetermined.5.Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.6.Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaningbylaunchingaprogramtohelppoorchildren.7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.8.Peopleholdingontosadmemoriesofthepastwillfinditdifficultto________.9.Whenitcomestodecision-making,oneshouldmakeaquickchoicewithout________.10.Emotionalenergyisinawaydifferentfromphysicalenergyinthatthemoreyougive,________.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionAThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone__47__bywomen—rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing__48__work—stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a__49__thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing“povertyoftime”andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage__50__betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen__51__givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow__52__abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers__53__womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare__54__customers.It’sinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto__55__payattentiontowomencustomers.InJapan,fewerwomenhavejobsorbuycars—theJapanesesocietyisstillverymuchmale-oriented.Perhapsitwasthe__56__contrastwithJapanesesocietythatpromptedAmericanfirmstopaymoreattentiontowomenbuyers. A)scaleI)potential41nB)retailedJ)gapC)generateK)voluntaryD)extremeL)excessiveE)technicallyM)insultedF)affordableN)purchaseG)situationO)primarilyH)reallySectionBPassageOneReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.57.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?A)Itisakindoficedwater.B)Itisjustplaintapwater.C)Itisakindofbottledwater.D)Itisakindofmineralwater.（C）58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________.41nA)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstasteD)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste（B）59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiverB)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniD)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames（D）60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.（A）61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine.B)Itisconsideredhealthier.C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.（B）PassageTwoAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well,”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusing41nattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabitsD)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being（C）63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingillB)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmfulC)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfitD)preventionismoredifficultthancure（B）64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________.A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC)isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD)isfreefromanykindofdisease（D）65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeople________.A)tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneedsB)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealthC)tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealthD)tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure（B）66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A)Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.B)Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C)Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.D)Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.（C）PartVCloze(15minutes)Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletely__67__fromallotheranimals.Languageisameansofcommunication,__68__itismuchmorethanthat.Manyanimalscan__69__.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthelocationofflowers__70__othermembersofthehive(蜂群).Buthumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything,__71__thingslikeunicorn(独角兽)thathaveneverexisted.Thekey__72__inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe__73__togetherindifferentways,accordingto__74__,tocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing__75__humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,__76__abouttheuniverse,themind,love,dreams,ororderingadrink.Itisanimmenselycomplex__77__thatwetakeforgranted.Indeed,wearenotawareofmost__78__ofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingto__79__.Thespeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto__80__language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetime41nfromthoughtstothe__81__ofspeechisextremelyfast,only0.04seconds!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto__82__outwhatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto__83__thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof__84__ofthewords(sentences),andfinally__85__themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.But__86__started,itisofcourseacontinuousprocess.67.A)apartB)offC)upD)down（A）68.A)soB)butC)orD)for（B）69.A)transferB)transmitC)conveyD)communicate（D）70.A)toB)fromC)overD)on（A）71.A)onlyB)almostC)evenD)just（C）72.A)staysB)situatesC)hidesD)lies（D）73.A)stuckB)strungC)rungD)consisted（B）74.A)rulesB)scalesC)lawsD)standards（A）75.A)combinesB)containsC)definesD)declares（C）76.A)whatB)whetherC)whileD)if（B）77.A)prospectB)progressC)processD)produce（C）78.A)aspectsB)abstractsC)anglesD)assumptions（A）79.A)anybodyB)anotherC)otherD)everybody（B）80.A)bodyB)gestureC)writtenD)spoken（D）81.A)growingB)fixingC)beginningD)building（C）82.A)putB)takeC)drawD)figure（D）83.A)identifyB)locateC)revealD)discover（A）84.A)performanceB)organizationC)designD)layout（B）85.A)prescribeB)justifyC)utterD)interpret（D）86.A)sinceB)afterC)onceD)until（C）PartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto________(适应不同文化中的生活).88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89.Thevictim________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise________(以每年1200万人的速度). 2006年6月新大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案partIWriting(30minute)onthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirfectures.1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题OnStudentsSelectingLecturers范文：OnStudentsChoosingLecturers41n   Nowadays,someuniversitiesgivestudentstherighttochoosewhoteachessomeoftheirclasses.Thishasledtosomedebateoverwhetherstudentsshouldbegiventhismuchpower.   Thereareseveralfactorsthatstudentsconsiderwhenchoosingalecturer,includingtheteachingstyleofthelecturer,thelecturer'sacademicbackground,andthelecturer'sreputationamongstudents.Theideallecturerisonewhohasaninterestingteachingstyle,adiverseacademicbackground,andagoodreputationamongstudents.   Therearebothpositiveandnegativeaspectstoallowingstudentstochoosetheirlecturers.Givingstudentsthechoiceencouragesthemtotakeownershipfortheirclasses,andalsoputspressureonteacherstoimprovetheirteachingquality.   However,thefactorsthatstudentsconsidermightnotbetheonesthatleadtothehighestqualityofeducation.Schoolsmightendupwithlecturerswhoteachinterestingclasseswithoutmuchcontent.PartIIReadingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minute)Highway   Agovermentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystermof33,920miles,andcongresspassedtheFedercal-AidHighwayActof1944,whichcalledforstrict,centrakkycontrolleddesertcriterra.   Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.Tobulidits44,000-milewebofhighways,bridge.andtunnelshundredsofuniqueengineeringdesignsandsolutionshadtobeworkedout.Considerthemanygeographic,featuresofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,desortsandplains.Variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload.Innovative,designsofroadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,andinterchangesthatcouldrunthroughorbypassurbanareassoonbegantoweavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerican.   Long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayedbridgessuchasHaleBoggsinLouisianaandtheSunshineSkywayinFlorida,andremarkabletunnelslikeFortMchenryinMarylandandMr.bakerinWashingtondevelopedunderthenation'sphysicalchallenges,Trafficcontrolsystemsandmethodsofconstructiondevelopedudertheinterstateprogramsooninfluencedhighwayconstructionaroundtheworld,angwereinvaluableinimprovingtheconditionofurbanstreetsandtrafficpatterns.   Today.theinterstatesystemlinkseverymajorcityintheU.S,andtheU.SwithCanadaandMexico,Builtwithsafetyinmindthehighwayshavewidelanesandshoulders,dividingmedians,orbarriers,longentryandexitlanes,ourvesengineeredforsafeturns,andlimitedaccess,ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.Sroads(0.86deathsper100millionpassengermilescomparedto1.99deathsper100milliononallotherroads)   ByopeningtheNorthAmericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofjobs,accesstothegrowthoptionsintermsofjobsaccesstocuturalprogreamshealthcare,andotherbenefits.Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheyenerishmost:personalfreedomofmobility.   Theinterstatesystemhasbeenanessentialelementofthenation'seconomicgrowthintermsofshippingandjobcreation:morethan75percentofthenation'sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck.andmostproductsthatarrivebyrailorairuseinterstatesforthelastlegofthejourneyby41nvehiole.NotonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcentres.Ithasallowertherwlocationofmanufacturingplantsandotherindustriesfromurbanareastorural.   Bytheendofthecenturytherewasanimmensenetworkofpavedroads,residentialstreets,expressways,andfreewaysbuilttosupportmillionsofvehicles,ThehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisonandleadership.Theyearconstructionbeganhesaid:"Together,theunitedforcesofourcommunicationandtransportationsystemsaredynamicelementsintheverynamewebear-UnitedStates.Withoutthem,wewouldbeamereallianceofmanysepaeateparts."参考答案：1.YNNG2.YNNG3.YNONG5.YNNG6.YNNG7.YNNG8.Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwas___________9.Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan__________________10.TheinterterstatesystermwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognition_____________参考答案：08.personalfreedomofmobility参考答案：09.75percent参考答案：10.hisvisionandleadershipPartIVreadingcomprehension(readingindepth)SectionAEINInoisnamegiventothemasteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange___47_____happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthePAacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds(信风)，whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin____48____,theoceancomperaturesrisecausingthePerucurrentflowinginformtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5`C.Thewarmingoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid(潮湿的)airovertheoceancausessevere___49___thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossAounthAmerican____50____floodstoPeru.IntheWestpacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldperpareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand____51____.EINinousuallylastsforabout18monthsThe1982-83EINinobroughthemost___52____weatherinmordernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds____53___ofdamage.The1990EINinowill____55___,buttheyarestillnot__56___surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.A)estimateI)completelyB)strengthJ)destructiveC)deliberatelyK)starvationD)notifyL)bringingE)tropicalM)exhaustionF)phenomenonN)worthG)stableO)strikeH)attraction参考答案：47.Pphenomenon48.Bstrength49.Etropical50.Lbringing51.Kstarvation52.Jdestructive53.Nworth54.Aestimate55.Ostrike56.IcompletelySectionBPassageOneCommunicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestpconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareantomaticallyrecorded-andcancomebacktohaunt(困扰)you.APPearstobethekeytothefinding.41nJeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,MewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationfoeeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.Hisresulestobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someecpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbeacusedeceptionmakespeopleunconfortable,thedetachment(非直接接触）ofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecauewearemostpeactisedatthatformofcommunication.ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleapprartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.Peoplearealsomorelikeytolieinraltimeinainstantmessageorphonecallsay-thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofarasponse,saysHancock.Hefondmanyliesarespontaneous(脱口而出的)resonsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:"Doyoulikemydress?"Hankcockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkourthebesrwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumfoesaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenhisresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.57.Hancock'sstudyfocuseson____________.A)theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommuncationsmedia.B)thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideas.C)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages.D)people'shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia.58.Hancock'sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelivedthat________________.A)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages.B)peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions.C)peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunicationD)Peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations.59.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.C)Theytendtoberelaxegwhenusingthosemedia.D)Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication.60.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpremotingsalesbecause____________.A)Salemencantalkdirectlytotheircunstomers.B)Salemenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate.C)Salemencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy.D)Salemenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively.41n61.Itcanbeinferrenfromthepassagethat_____________.A)HonestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsB)moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployeesC)suitablemediashouldbechosemfordifferentcommunicationperposesD)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany.PassageTwoInacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocomeworlandlivehere?InthewakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemetmorepressing.onDecember.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurty,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged"OperationSafeTravel"-raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification(身份证明).InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSounthAmerican.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworker'sillegalstatusmadethemopentoblankmall(讹诈)byterroristsManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejudtifiedtoacertainextent."We'resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit'sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou'erdisposableTherearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,"Andersonsaid.IfSept.11hadneverhappenedtheairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastro,a,amanagerataBen&Jerry'sicecreamshopattheairport.hadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalseSocialAecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeporation(驱逐出境)。Castro'scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry's.62.Accrodingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation____________.A)composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvaulesB)encouragingindividualpursuitsC)sharingcommoninterestsD)foundedonsharedideals63.HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout"OperationSafeTravel"?A)GuiltyB)OffendedC)DisappointedD)Discouraged64.Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof"OperationSafeTravel"because__________.A)evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterroristsB)mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterroristsC)terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillgalstatusD)theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport.65.Bysaying"...we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatpurlawsare"(Line41n2,Para.4),MayorAidersonmeans"________________".A)wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalatatusB)wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentwayC)thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelawD)theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?A)shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater.B)Sheisallowedtostadypermanently.C)HercasehasbeendroppedD)Herfateremainsuncertain.PartVCloze(15minutes)Doyouwakrupeverydayfeelingtootired,orevenupset?ifso.thenanewalarmclockcouldbejustforyou.Theclock,calledSleepSmart,measuresyoursleepcycle,andwaits___67___youtobeinyourlightestphaseofsleep____68___rousingyou.Itsmakerssaythatshould____69____youwakeupfeelingrefreshedeverymorning.Asyousleepyoupass___70___asequenceofsleepstates-lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(raipdeyemovement)sleep-that____71___approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan___72____howyoufeellater,andmay____73____haveagreaterimpactthanhoewmuchorlittleyouhaveslept,Beingrousedduringalightphase____74____youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.SleepSmart____75____thedistinctpatternofbrainwaves____76____dringeachphacsofsleep,viaaheadbandequipped____77____electrodes(电极)andamicroprocessor.Thismeasuresethelelctricalactivityoftheweather'sbrain,inmuchthe____78____wayassomemachinesusedformedicalandreseach____79____,andcommunicateswirelesslywithaclockunitnearthebed.You____80____theclockwiththelatesttimeat____81____youwanttobewakende,andit____82____duly(适时地)wakesyouduringthelastlightsleepphasebeforethat.The____83____wasinventedbyagroupofstudentsatBrownUniversityinRhodeIsland____84____afriendcomplainedofwakinguptiredandperformingpoorlyonatest."____85____sleepdeprivedpeopleourselves,westartedthinkingof____86____todoaboutit,"saysEricShashoua,arecentcillegegraduateandnowchiefexecutiveofficerofAxonSleepResearchLaboratories,acompanycreatedbythestidentstodeveloptheiridea.67.A)besideB)nearC)forD)around68.A)uponB)beforeC)towardsD)till69.A)ensureB)assureC)requireD)request70.A)throughB)intoC)aboutD)on71.A)revealsB)reversesC)resumesD)repeats72.A)effectB)affectC)reflectD)perfect73.A)alteadyB)everyC)neverD)even74.A)meansB)marksC)saysD)dictates75.A)removesB)relievesC)recordsD)recalls76.A)proceededB)producedC)proniuncedD)progressed77.A)byB)ofC)withD)over78.A)familiarB)similarC)tdenticalD)same79.A)findingsB)prospectsC)prpposalsD)proposes41n80.A)promptB)programC)plugD)plan81.A)whereB)thisC)whichD)that82.A)thenB)alsoC)almostD)yet83.A)claimB)conclusionC)conceptD)explanation84.A)onceB)afterC)sinceD)while85.A)BesidesB)DespiteC)ToD)As86.A)whatB)howC)whetherD)whenpartVITranslation87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble________________(找到去历史博物馆的路).参考答案：findingthewaytothehistorymuseum88.______________________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.参考答案：Inordertosupportmyuniversitystudies(tofinancemyeducation)89.Theprofessorrequiredthat__________________(我们交研究报告)。参考答案：wehandinourresearchreport(s)90.Themoreyouexplain,_________________(我愈糊涂).参考答案：themoreconfusedIam91.Thoughaskilledworker,_______________(他被公司解雇了).参考答案：hewasfiredbythecompany2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一PartIWriting(30minutes)CityProblems.　1.越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生2.比较明显的大问题有……3.我对这种现象的想法PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionABlueistheworld'sfavoritecolor.Itisalsothecolormostoften47withintellectandauthority.　　Mostuniformsareblue.InGreekandRomanmythology,blueisthecolorofskygods.IntheOldTestament,Godis48bydeepblue.Blueandturquoise(青绿色)arerepresentedbytheIslamicreligion.Itisthe49colorinthemosquesoftheworld.　　Bluesymbolizestruth,peaceandcooperation.ItisthecoloroftheflagoftheUnitedNationsandofEurope.Asthecoolestcolorofthespectrum,itisthehuemostlikelytohavearecedingeffect.Asintheskiesandwaterthat50us,blueisseenasapeacefuland51color.Bluelighthasseento52bloodpressurebycalmingthenervoussystemhencerelaxingthebodyandmind.Bluecreateslargeairyspaces.Itmakesroomsbigger.　　Thewrongshadeofbluecanbeuncomfortable.Itcanalsobecoldandsterile(枯燥的)unless53withwarmercolors.　　Lightandsoftbluemakesusfeelquietandprotectedfromthebustle(喧闹)and54oftheday.Bluebedroomsarerestful.Bluebathroomsareappropriatelywatery.Blue55depthwithgreensandreds.Darkbluerepresentsthenightmakinguscalm.Itsapparentlycalmingeffectmakesittheperfecttoneforthequieter56ofyourlivingspace.　　[A]represented[I]activity[B]engage[J]zones[C]refreshing[K]foolish　　[D]surround[L]line[E]curved[M]acquires[F]dominant[N]associated41n　　[G]lower[O]rash[H]balancedSectionBPassageOneMostshoplifters(商店扒手)agreethattheJanuarysalesofferwonderfulopportunitiesforthehard-workingthief.Withtheshopssocrowdedandthestaffsobusy,itdoesnotrequireanyextraordinarytalenttohelpyoutotakeoneortwolittlethingsandescapeunnoticed.Itisknown,inthebusiness,as"hoisting".　　Butthehoistinggameisnotwhatitusedtobe.Evenattheheightofthesales,shoplifterstodayneverknowiftheyarebeingwatchedbyoneofthoseevillittleballsthathangfromtheceilingsofsomanydepartmentstoresabovethemostdesirablegoods.　　Asifthatwasnottroubleenoughforthem,theycannowbefilmedatworkandobligedtoattendashowingoftheirperformanceincourt.　　SelfridgeswasthefirstbigLondonstoretoinstallclosed-circuitvideotapeequipmenttowatchitssalesfloors.InOctoberlastyearthestorewonitsfirstcourtcaseforshopliftingusingaevidenceavideotapeclearlyshowingacouplestealingdresses.Itwasanimportanttestcasewhichencouragedotherstorestoinstallsimilarequipment.　　Whentheballs,calledsputniks,firstmakeanappearanceinshops,itwaswidelybelievedthattheironlyfunctionwastofrightenshoplifters.Theirsomewhatridiculousappearances,thecuriousholesandredlightsgoingonandoff,certainlymakethetheorybelievable.　　Itdidnottakelong,however,forseriousshoplifterstostartshowingsuitablerespect.SoonaftertheequipmentwasinoperationatSelfridges,storedetectiveBrianChadwickwassittinginthecontrolroomwatchingawomansecretlyputtingbottlesofperfumeintoherbag.　　"Assheturnedtogo,"Chadwickrecalled,"shesuddenlylookedupatthe'sputnik'andstopped.Shecouldnotpossiblyhaveseenthatthecamerawastrainedonherbecauseitiscompletelyhidden,butshemusthavehadafeelingthatIwaslookingather."　　"Foramomentshepaused,butthenshereturnedtocounterandstartedputtingeverythingback.Whenshehadfinished,sheopenedherbagtowardsthecameratoshowitwasemptyandhurriedoutofthestore."　　57.Januaryisagoodmonthforshopliftersbecause________.　　[A]theydon'tneedtowaitforstafftoservethem　　[B]theydon'tneedanypreviousexperienceasthieves　　[C]therearesomanypeopleinthestore　　[D]Januarysalesofferwonderfulopportunitiesforthem　　58.Thesputnikshangingfromtheceilingareintended________.　　[A]towatchthemostdesirablegoods[C]tofrightenshopliftersbytheirappearance　　[B]tomakefilmsthatcanbeusedasevidence[D]tobeusedasevidenceagainstshoplifters　　59.ThecaselastOctoberwasimportantbecause________.　　[A]thestoregotthedressesback　　[B]theequipmentwasabletofrightenshoplifters　　[C]othershopsfoundoutabouttheequipment　　[D]thekindofevidencesuppliedwasacceptedbycourt　　60.Thewomanstealingperfume________.　　[A]guessedwhatthesputnikswerefor[C]couldseethecamerafilmingher　　[B]wasfrightenedbyitsshape[D]knewthatthedetectivehadseenher41n　　61.Thewoman'sactionbeforeleavingthestoreshowsthatshe________.　　[A]wassorryforwhatshehaddone　　[B]wasafraidshewouldbearrested　　[C]decidedshedidn'twantwhatshehadpickedup　　[D]wantedtoproveshehadnotintendedtostealanythingPassageTwoThelargestsharkknowntous,Megalodon,isextinct.Orisit?CarcharodonMegalodon,commonlyknownasMegalodon,isbelievedtohavelivedbetween1millionand5millionyearsagoandthoughttohavebeen52feetlong.Itis(orwas)asharkthathadajaw7ormorefeetwide.Fairlyrecently,therehasbeensomespeculationaboutwhetheritisextinctorjustoutofreach.ButfewpeoplebelievethatMegalodonhasfoundahomedeepintheocean.　　Therearemanyknown"LivingFossils":Coelacanth,SeaCucumbers,SeaUrchins,Lobsters,SeaStars.Thecommononeslikelobstersandseaurchinsarenotreallylookedonasanythingamazing.They'vebeenaroundforthousandsofyearsormore,andareeasilyaccessibletous.Whatiftheyweren'taccessibleandyetstillexisted?Wewouldlabelthemextinct.ThediscoveryofaliveCoelacanth,afishlongbelievedextinct,challengedsomescientists'long-heldbeliefsonextinction.Therehavebeenrecentdiscoveriesofincrediblylargesquid,anddeep-seafishneverbeforeseenbyscientists.　　Inthe1960stheU.S.NavysetupunderwatermicrophonesaroundtheworldtotrackSovietsubmarines.Thenetwork,knownastheSoundSurveillanceSystem,stillliesdeepbelowtheocean'ssurfaceinalayerofwaterknownasthe"deepsoundchannel".Thetemperatureandpressureofthechannelallowsoundwavestotravelundisturbed.NOAA'sAcousticMonitoringProjecthasbeenusingtheSoundSurveillanceSystemtolistenforchangesinoceanstructurelikeoceancurrentsorvolcanicactivity.Mostofthesoundsrecordedarecommonandofnoconcern.Onesound,identifiedin1977byU.S.Navy"spy"sensors,wasodd.Itwasobviouslyamarineanimalbutthecallwasmorepowerfulthananyofthecallsmadebyanyotherreportedseacreature.Itwastoobigforawhale.Coulditbeadeep-seamonster?Onepossibilitywasagiantsquid,butnooneissure.Itwasnamed"Bloop".CoulditbeMegalodon?IfMegalodonisstillalivedowninthebottomoftheocean,wemaysomedaysoondiscoverit.Thenwhat?Deepseadivingwillneverbethesame,that'sforsure!　　62.ThefollowingiscommonlyknownEXCEPT________.　　[A]Megalodon,thelargestshark,isextinct　　[B]Megalodonisnotextinctbutjustoutofreach　　[C]Megalodonwas52feetlongandhadajaw7ormorefeetwide　　[D]Megalodonlivedbetweenseveralmillionyearsago.　　63.WhatmakesscientistsdoubtaboutthebeliefthatMegalodonisextinct?　　[A]Thediscoveryofmany"LivingFossils".[C]ThediscoveryofaliveCoelacanth.　　[B]Thediscoveryofthefossilsoflobsters.[D]Thediscoveryofthefossilsofseaurchins.　　64.Whatwasspecialintheirrecordedsounds?　　[A]Tolistenforchangesinoceanstructure.　　[B]Tolistenforchangesofoceancurrentsorvolcanicactivity.　　[C]ToMakesurewhethertherewasagiantsquiddeepintheocean.　　[D]TofollowthetrackoftheSovietwarshipsunderwater.　　65.Whatwasspecialintheirrecordedsounds?41n　　[A]Astrange,powerfulanimalsoundwasheard.[C]Aseamonster'ssoundwasheard.　　[B]Abigwhale'ssoundwasheard.[D]Agiantsquid'ssoundwasheard.　　66.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?　　[A]Scientists'discoveriesalwayschangepeople'sbelief.　　[B]Therearetoomanysecretstobediscovered.　　[C]Megalodonmaybestillalivedeepintheocean.　　[D]"Deepsoundchannel"allowssoundwavestotravelundisturbedPartVCloze(15minutes)Beforethe20thcenturythehorseprovideddaytodaytransportationintheUnitedStates.Trainswereusedonlyforlong-distancetransportation.　　Todaythecaristhemostpopular67oftransportationinalloftheUnitedStates.Ithascompletely68thehorseasameansofeverydaytransportation.Americansusetheircarfor6990percentofallpersonal70.　　MostAmericansareableto71cars.Theaveragepriceofa72madecarwas,500in1950,740in1960andup73750in1975.DuringthisperiodAmericanearmanufacturerssetabout74theirproductsandworkefficiency.　　Meanwhile,theyearlyincomeofthe75familyincreasedfrom1950to197576thanthepriceofcars.Forthisreason,77anewcartakesasmaller78ofafamily'stotalearningstoday.　　In195179ittook8.1monthsofanaveragefamily's80tobuyanewcar.In1962,anewcar818.3ofafamily'sannualearnings.By1975itonlytook4.7582income.Inaddition,the1975carsweretechnically83tomodelsfrompreviousyears.　　The84oftheautomobileextendsthroughouttheeconomy85thecarissoimportanttoAmericans.Americansspendmoremoney86theircarsrunningthanonanyotheritem.　　67.[A]kinds[B]means[C]mean[D]types　　68.[A]denied[B]reproduced[C]replaced[D]ridiculed　　69.[A]hardly[B]nearly[C]certainly[D]somehow　　70.[A]trip[B]works[C]business[D]travel　　71.[A]buy[B]sell[C]race[D]see　　72.[A]quickly[B]regularly[C]rapidly[D]recently　　73.[A]on[B]to[C]in[D]about　　74.[A]raising[B]making[C]reducing[D]improving　　75.[A]unusual[B]interested[C]average[D]big　　76.[A]slowest[B]equal[C]faster[D]less　　77.[A]bringing[B]obtaining[C]having[D]purchasing　　78.[A]part[B]half[C]number[D]side　　79.[A]clearly[B]proportionally[C]obviously[D]suddenly　　80.[A]income[B]work[C]plants[D]debts　　81.[A]used[B]spent[C]cost[D]needed　　82.[A]months[B]dollar[C]family[D]year　　83.[A]famous[B]quick[C]superior[D]inferior　　84.[A]running[B]notice[C]influence[D]discussion　　85.[A]then[B]so[C]as[D]which　　86.[A]starting[B]leaving[C]keeping[D]repairing　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)41n　　87.Thechairmanrequested________________________(所有书面资料都要储存在电脑硬盘上).　　88.________________________(如果我是你)，Iwouldhaveacceptedsuchanoffergivenbythemanager.　　89.Doyoumind________________________(推迟这次会议到本季度末)?　　90.________________________(考虑到各种各样的因素)，oursubjectsshouldberearrangedtomeettherequirementsofthecurriculum.　　91.________________________(理完发之后)，ProfessorSmithwentstraightlytothelaboratorytoproceedwithhisexperiments.2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷二PartIWriting(30minutes)WILLPHONESKILLLETTERWRITING?　1.年轻人越来越趋向于打电话www.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大2.信件是否会被电话取缔3.我的观点PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)PassageOneSixteenyearsago,EileenDoyle'shusband,anengineer,tookhisfourchildrenupforanearlymorningcupoftea,packedasmallcaseandwasneverseenorheardofagain.Eileenwasastonishedandinastateofdespair.Theyhadbeenahappyfamilyand,asfarassheknew,therehadbeennothingwrongwiththeirmarriage.　　Everydayoftheyear,asmallgroupofmenandwomenquietlypackafewbelongingsandwithoutsomuchasanoteoragood-byeclosethefrontdoorforthelasttime,leavingtheirdebts,theirworriesandtheirconfusedfamiliesbehindthem.　　Lastyear,morethan1,200menandnearlyasmanywomenwerereportedmissingfromhome—thehighestin15years.Manydidreturnhomewithinayear,butothersrejectedthepastcompletelyandarenowlivinganewlifesomewhereunderadifferentidentity.　　Tothoseleftbehindthisformofdesertionisaterribleblowtotheirprideandself-confidence.Eventhefinalityofdeathmightbepreferable.Atleastitdoesnotimplyrejectionorfailure.Worsethanthat,peoplecanbeleftwithanunfinishedmarriage,notknowingwhethertheywillhavetowaitsevenyearsbeforetheyarefreetostartafreshlife.　　ClinicalpsychologistPaulBrownbelievesmostdeparturesofthiskindtobewellplannedratherthanimpulsive."It'stypicalofthekindofpersonalitywhichseemsabletoignoreotherpeople'spainanddifficulties.Runningaway,likekillingyourself,isahighlyaggressiveact.Bycreatinganabsencethepeopleleftbehindfeelguilty,upsetandempty."　　TheSalvationArmy'sInvestigationDepartmenthasa70percentsuccessrateintrackingmissingpeopledown.AccordingtoLt.Co.BramwellPratt,headofthedepartment,menandwomenrunawayforverydifferentreasonsthoughlackofcommunicationisoftenthebiggestmotive."Thethingsthatdisturbaman'spersonalityareproblemslikebeingtiedupindebtorseriousworriesaboutwork.Andsomewomenmakeimpossibledemandsontheirhusbands.Womenusuallyleaveformoreobviousreasonsbutfearisattherootofit.Menaremoreoftenpreparedtogivetheirmarriageanothertrythanwomen,butweareawarethat,forsomewives,itwouldbeatotalimpossibilitytoreturnafterthewaythey'vebeentreated."　　52.Whenherhusbandlefthome,EileenDoyle________.　　[A]couldnotforgivehimfortakingthechildren[C]couldnotunderstandwhy41n　　[B]hadbeenexpectingittohappenforsometime[D]blamedherselfforwhathadhappened　　53.Mostpeoplewholeavetheirfamiliesbehindthem________.　　[A]dosowithoutwarning[C]comebackimmediately　　[B]dosobecauseoftheirdebts[D]changetheirnames　　54.Themanorwomanleftbehindusually________.　　[A]admitsresponsibilityforthesituation　　[B]wishesthepersonwhohasleftweredead　　[C]feelsembarrassedanduseless　　[D]willhavenolegalmarriagelifeforsevenyears　　55.PaulBrownregardsleavinghomeinsuchcircumstancesas________.　　[A]anactofdespair[C]theresultofasuddendecision　　[B]anactofselfishness[D]theresultoftheenormoussenseofguilt　　56.TheSalvationArmybelievesthat_________.　　[A]mostmenrunawaybecauseoftheimpossibledemandsoftheirwives　　[B]men'sreasonsaremoreunderstandablethanwomen's　　[C]somewomennevergivetheirmenanotherchance　　[D]womenareoftenafraidtostartmarriageagainPassageTwo　　TheEnglishhavethereputationofbeingverydifferentfromallothernationalities.ItisclaimedthatlivingonanislandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.Whateverthereasons,itmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedsomeattitudesandhabitsdistinguishinghimfromothernationalities.　　Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,andreservedpersonamongpeopleheknowswell.Beforestrangersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessarailwaycompartmentanymorningoreveningtoseethetruth.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozing(打盹)inacorner,andnoonespeaks.AnEnglishwitoncesuggestedtooverseasvisitors,"Onenteringarailwaycompartmentshakehandswithallthepassengers."Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehavior,which,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectofsuspicion.　　ItiswellknownthattheEnglishseldomshowopenlyextremesofenthusiasm,emotionetc.Ofcourse,anEnglishmanfeelsnolessthananyothernationality.Imagineamancommentingonthegreatbeautyofayounggirl.Amanofmoreemotionaltemperamentmightdescribeheras"amarvelousjewel",whiletheEnglishmanwillflatlystate"Um,she'sallright."AnEnglishmanmayrecommendahighlysuccessfulandenjoyablefilmtofriendsbycommenting,"It'snotbad."Theoverseasvisitorsmustnotbedisappointedbythisapparentlackofinterest.Theymustrealizethat"allright","notbad"areveryoftenusedwiththesenseof"firstclass","excellent".ThisspecialuseoflanguageisparticularlycommoninEnglish.　　57.OneexplanationforthedifferentcharacterofEnglishpeopleisthat________.　　[A]theyaregeographicallyisolatedfromtheEuropeancontinent　　[B]theyhavenothingtodowiththeotherEuropeans　　[C]theyliketokeepquietamongtheiracquaintances　　[D]theytendtobereservedbynaturewww.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大　　58.Theword"inhibited"(Line2,Para.2)inthispassageprobablymeans________.41n　　[A]unabletohavegoodmanners[C]abletoactproperly　　[B]unabletoexpressandrelaxfreely[D]abletotalkfreely　　59.Accordingtothepassage,onenteringarailwaycompartment,anoverseasvisitorisexpectedto________.　　[A]inquireaboutthecodeofbehaviorinthetrain[C]shakehandswiththepersonheknows　　[B]shakehandswithallthepassengers[D]behavelikeanEnglishman　　60.TheEnglishwayofcommentingonsomethingorsomebodysuggeststhat________.　　[A]theEnglisharemodestinmostcircumstances　　[B]theEnglishfeelnolessthananyothernationality　　[C]theEnglishtendtodisplaylessemotionthantheyfeel　　[D]theEnglishdon'ttakeastronginterestinmakingcomment　　61.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?　　[A]ThedifferencesbetweentheEnglishandtheotherEuropeans.　　[B]ThedifferentcharacteroftheEnglishmananditsreason.　　[C]ThereasonsforEnglishpeople'sshyness.　　[D]ThecodeofbehaviorofthenationalitiesinEurope　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor:youmustbeableto62theattentionandinterestofyourstudents:youmustbea63speaker,withagood,strong,64voicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol:andyoumustbeableto65whatyouareteachinginordertomakeitsmeaningclear.66agoodteacherandyouwillseethathedoesnotsitstill67hisclass:hestandsthewholetimewhenheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghis68,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeelings.Listentohim,andyouwill69theloudness,thequalityandthemusicalnoteofhisvoicealways70accordingtowhatheis71about.Thefactthatagoodteacherhassomeofthegiftsofagoodactordoesn't72thathewillindeedbeabletoact73onthestage,forthereareveryimportant74betweentheteacher'sworkandtheactor's.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart'hehastorepeatexactlythe75wordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart;76hismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusually77beforehand.Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseem78onthestage.　　Agoodteacher79inquiteadifferentway.Hisstudentstakeanactivepartinhis80:theyaskandanswerquestions;theyobeyorders;andiftheydon'tunderstandsomething,theywillsayso.Theteacherthereforehastosuithisacttotheneedsofhisstudents.Hecannotlearnhispartbyheart,butmust81itashegoesalong.　　62.[A]pay[B]hold[C]give[D]know　　63.[A]clear[B]slow[C]quick[D]loud　　64.[A]frightening[B]exciting[C]fearing[D]pleasing　　65.[A]act[B]talk[C]say[D]repeat　　66.[A]Listen[B]Watch[C]Look[D]Observe　　67.[A]for[B]behind[C]before[D]with　　68.[A]tongue[B]words[C]sound[D]arms　　69.[A]hear[B]see[C]think[D]guess　　70.[A]making[B]changing[C]expressing[D]giving　　71.[A]talking[B]thinking[C]hearing[D]saying41n　　72.[A]tell[B]express[C]show[D]mean　　73.[A]good[B]badly[C]well[D]actively　　74.[A]things[B]differences[C]points[D]jobs　　75.[A]different[B]same[C]above[D]following　　76.[A]just[B]never[C]ever[D]even　　77.[A]read[B]known[C]fixed[D]written　　78.[A]natural[B]real[C]false[D]clear　　79.[A]is[B]has[C]works[D]teaches　　80.[A]group[B]party[C]class[D]play　　81.[A]invent[B]discover[C]teach[D]continuePartVITranslation(5minutes)　　82.Weofferarangeofbeverage,________________________(从矿泉水到酒精饮料都有).83.ThereisadrinksreceptiononinBoston________________________(为欢迎所有与会者).84.Ifyoueatcookiesorotherfatteningsnacksbetweenmeals,________________________(你会变胖的)!85.Toooftenwebelievewhataccountsforother'ssuccessissomespecialsecretoraluckybreak,________________________(但成功却很少如此神秘).86.Anykindofexercisewilldowelltotheheart,________________________(只要它能加速心跳).41