大学英语六级考试历年真题及答案(截止到200912)

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大学英语六级考试历年真题及答案(截止到200912)

2009年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班2.对这种做法有人表示支持,也有人并不赞成3.我认为……ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BossesSay“Yes”toHomeWorkRisingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice—allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo—staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcounts(员工数)andtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon’thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries.Whilecompanymanagershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,scepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpensesteleworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstothebusiness.Yetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter-Telresearchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmall-and-medium-sizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtohaveintroducedflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthebusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces.Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingapieceofcake.“Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,”saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire.“Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis.”Oneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativeplansinplaceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading(伪装)asbusiness-friendlybroadband.“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas£15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.“Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested(拥堵的)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport.”Suchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof£30amonth.Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessemailinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphoneservices.Internet-basedtelecoms,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicemailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.Bylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedtoaccommodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightnVigartobeginpromotingteleworkingrecently.Thecompany,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基础设施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.MarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexplainsthatthecompanyhasarelativelyyoungworkforce,manyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatmaximumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkisclient-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday.”Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasupdatingitssystemsanyway,thecompanyspent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttothecompanynetworksandaccessalltheirusualresources.AlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetquantifiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedtelephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)poppingupallovertheplace,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,”headds.Thecompanywillalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingateleworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandinghercompany’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehostingcompany,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthecompany’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.Ithasenabledthecompanytodispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn’tneedthemanymore.“Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,emailandatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving£16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A)Howbusinessmanagersviewhi-tech.B)Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees.C)Howtocutdownthecostsofsmallbusinesses.D)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking.2.FromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-Tel,welearnthat.A)moreemployeesworktofullcapacityathomeB)employeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallbusinessesC)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolutionsD)attitudestowardITtechnologyhavechanged3.WhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyPoulton?A)Reducedcostoftelecommunications.B)Improvedreliabilityofinternetservice.C)AvailabilityoftheVoIPservice.D)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere.4.WhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetservices?A)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders.B)Theycontactproviderslocatednearesttothem.C)Theycarefullyexaminethecontract.D)Theycontractthecheapestprovider.5.Internet-basedtelecomsfacilitatesremoteworkingby__________.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservicesB)givingaccesstoemailinginrealtimenC)helpingclientsdiscussbusinessathomeD)providingcallscompletelyfreeofcharge6.TheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedteleworkinginitiallyinorderto__________.A)presentapositiveimagetoprospectivecustomersB)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareofC)attractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkforitD)reduceoperationalexpensesofasecondoffice7.AccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,teleworkingenabledthecompanyto__________.A)enhanceitsmarketimageB)reducerecruitmentcostsC)keephighlyqualifiedstaffD)minimiseitsofficespace8.WrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthecompanybuthelpsimproveemployees’.9.Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe__________whiletraveling.10.SinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto__________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.D)Theydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.12.A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean’sposition.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.13.A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.14.A)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.B)TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.C)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.15.A)Cooktheirdinner.B)Restforawhile.C)Gettheircarfixed.D)Stopforthenight.16.A)Newly-launchedproducts.B)Consumerpreferences.C)Surveyresults.D)Surveymethods.17.A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse.B)Thewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbow.C)Theinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysreliable.D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.18.A)Thecourseisopentoallnextsemester.B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.D)Hewilldrophiscourseinmarketing.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.B)Amanageratacomputerstore.C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.nD)Developingcomputerprograms.21.A)Shelikessomethingmorechallenging.B)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.22.A)Rightaway.B)Intwomonths.C)Earlynextmonth.D)Inacoupleofdays.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.C)Itisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsago.D)Itwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.24.A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.C)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.25.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.B)Thejobposedapotentialthreattoherhealth.C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.28.A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup.D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.29.A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.B)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalisation.D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.31.A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.C)Sharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromothercultures.D)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.32.A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.B)Labormarketisgettingglobalised.C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.D)Globalisationwilleliminatemanyjobs.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintelligent.34.A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.nC)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.D)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.35.A)Theyforcepeopletofollowtheculturalmainstream.B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.Thenameis36fromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasan37asset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewereno38devicesfortakingnotes,andearlyGreekorators(演说家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreat39becausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryis40anassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.The41yourbrainregisterstheword“apple”,it42theshape,color,taste,smelland43ofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”.44.Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory.45.AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?46.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationusingaspeakerphone.AsKunarandHorowitzreport,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7metrestothebrakingdistanceofacartravellingat100kph.Theyalsofoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83%moreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.Totrytounderstandmoreaboutwhythiswas,theytriedtwofurthertests.Inone,membersofagroupwereaskedsimplytorepeatwordsspokenbythecaller.Intheother,theyhadtothinkofawordthatbeganwiththelastletterofthewordtheyhadjustheard.Thoseonlyrepeatingwordsperformedthesameasthosewithnodistraction,butthosewiththemorecomplicatedtaskshowedevenworsereactiontimes—anaverageof480millisecondsextradelay.Thisshowsthatwhenpeoplehavetoconsidertheinformationtheyhearcarefully,itcanimpairtheirdrivingabilitysignificantly.Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.47.Carryingonamobilephoneconversationwhileoneisdrivingisconsidereddangerousbecauseitseriouslydistracts.48.Intheexperiments,thetwogroupsofvolunteerswereaskedtohandleaseriesofmovingtaskswhichwereconsidered.49.Resultsoftheexperimentsshowthatthosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecalltooktoreactthanthosewhowerenot.50.Furtherexperimentsrevealthatparticipantstendtorespondwithextradelayiftheynarerequiredtodo.51.Theauthorbelievespersuasion,ratherthan,mightbetheonlywaytostoppeoplefromusingmobilephoneswhiledriving.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly(自鸣得意的)greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists(活跃分子)andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.52.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?A)Aheateddebate.B)Popularsupport.C)Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcriticism.54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.55.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.A)theuncertainB)thequantifiableC)anearthquakenD)unhealthyfoodPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries(老年医保受惠人).ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返还费用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.Whowillbetheretotreatthem?57.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.A)theinadequatetrainingofphysiciansB)thedecliningnumberofdoctorsC)theshrinkingprimarycareresourcesD)theever-risinghealthcarecosts58.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.A)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecureB)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsC)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthD)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter59.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertimeB)improvetheirexpertiseandserviceC)makevariousdealswithspecialistsD)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality60.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.61.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.PartVCloze(5minutes)nDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,62itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhich63madeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“We64litterersfordroppingthisfastfoodlitter65thefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshavepertinent(相关的)messagesforthefastfood66.Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto67litteringbytheircustomers.”HerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,68placinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduce69packaging,headded.Companiescouldalsoreduceprices70thosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)orother71forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat72pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.A73forMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswere74inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits75onlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackaging76manyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto77theimpactoflitteroncommunities,78itwas“stilldowntothe79customertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognisedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,80havingalreadytakenmeasurestohelp81theissue.62.A)elevatingB)conveningC)launchingD)projecting63.A)signalsB)signsC)commercialsD)brands64.A)condemnB)refuteC)uncoverD)disregard65.A)aroundB)towardC)inD)off66.A)industryB)careerC)professionD)vocation67.A)excludeB)discourageC)suppressD)retreat68.A)incorporatingB)includingC)comprisingD)containing69.A)unreliableB)unrelatedC)unimportantD)unnecessary70.A)forB)aboutC)withD)to71.A)accessoriesB)meritsC)incentivesD)dividends72.A)curiousB)mysteriousC)strangeD)strategic73.A)narratorB)spokesmanC)mediatorD)broker74.A)inseasonB)atriskC)offhandD)underway75.A)responsibilityB)liabilityC)commissionD)administration76.A)aroundB)byC)onD)above77.A)divertB)minimizeC)degradeD)suspend78.A)ifB)whetherC)soD)but79.A)individualB)concreteC)uniqueD)respective80.A)exceptB)withoutC)despiteD)via81.A)dealB)tackleC)copeD)disposePartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?—(这要看你多长时间穿一次).83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).84.Themanager(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawayforsomeurgentbusinessabroad.85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86.Much(我感到遗憾),Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.2009年12月大学英语六级考试答案(B卷)PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)1.B)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking。2.C)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolution3.C)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere。4.B)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders。5.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservices6.D)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareof7.B)keephighlyqualifiedstaffn8.homelife9.productive10.increaseherownproductivityPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad。12.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess。13.A)Theconcertisveryimpressive。14.B)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays。15.D)Stopforthenight。16.A)Surveyresults。17.D)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse。18.C)Thenoticemaynotbereliable。19.D)Amanageratacomputerstore。20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints。21.C)Shewantstobewithherhusband。22.D)Earlynextmonth。23.B)Itwillbeanajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury。24.D)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots。25.C)theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation。SectionB26.A)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenviromentalpollution。27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings。28.B)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup。29.D)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking。30.D)Theacceleratedpaceofgloblalisation。31.B)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture。32.C)Thelabourmarketisgettingglobalised。33.B)Brown-hairedwomenareratedasorecapabe。34.A)Theyareshrewddishonest。35.C)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences。SectionC36.derived37.immense38.convenient39.accuracy40.largely41.instinct42.recalls43.texture44.Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwilloftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit。45.Theassociationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagoodlink。46.IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldsometimethatItalyisshapedlikeaboot。PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)47.adriver’sattention48.equivalentindifficultytodriving49.moretime50.carfulthinking/consideration51.punishing52.D)theshrinkingprimarycareresources53.C)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter54.A)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality55.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare56.D)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians57.B)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor。58.C)Aheateddebate。59.D)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve。60.D)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren。61.A)theunceertainPartVCloze(15minutes)62B)launching63D)brands64B)condemn65A)in66C)industry67B)exclude68D)including69C)unnecessary70C)to71B)incentives72C)strategic73A)spokesman74D)underway75B)responsibility76B)on77C)minimize78C)so79C)individual80A)despite81D)tacklePartVITranslation(5minutes)82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearitn83.tobeachallengetomanytraditionalconcepts84.couldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson(byhimself)85.balanceddietisessentialtohealth86.regretfuldidIfeel2009年6月英语六级考试真题与答案PartIWriting(30minutes)  Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.  1.有人说名字或名称很重要  2.也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要  3.我认为  OntheImportanceofaName  PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)  Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD..Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.  HelicopterMomsvs.Free-RangeKidsWouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbackto"Longstoryshort:mysongothomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn’texpecttogethitwithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.  “Longstoryshort:Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence,”SkenazywroteonApril4intheNewYorkSun.“Longstorylonger:HalfthepeopleI’vetoldthisepisodetonowwanttoturnoninforchildabuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It’snot.It’sdebilitating(使虚弱)—forusandforthem.”  OnlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy’sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN(accompaniedbyherson)andonpopularblogslikethebuffingtonpost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined“MoreFromAmerica’sWorstMom.”  Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.AreModernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?  Fromthe“she’sanirresponsiblemother”campcame:“Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,”inCommentsonthebuffingtonpost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour:“Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidn’tcomehome?”ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe“helicopterparent”trend:“GoodforthisMom,”onecommenterwroteonthebuffingtonpost.“Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck.”  Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog—FreeRange,kids—promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses—andevensubways—allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting.“AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsafekids.Webelieveincarseatsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedasecurityguard.”  Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?Arecitiesandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?  Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit’severbeen;it’sranked36thincrimeamongallAmericancities.Nationwide,stringerkidnapsareextremelyrare;there’saone-in-a-millionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25years’ago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.  Thenthere’sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.PartoftheproblemisthatwithwalltowallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit’snotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren’stimeandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemnlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday’sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisetthemselvestoschool.  Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andtheyareworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat’snotusedtopedestrians.Ontheotherhand,therearestillplentyofkidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms.“Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshavetotakethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheschools,”saysDr.RichardGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.  Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorefreedom,there’snoclear-cutanswer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.What’srightforSkenazy’snine-year-oldcouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissue,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher.“Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild’slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild’sgeneraljudgmentshouldbeweighed.”  GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone.“Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes.”  Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidn’t:thecellphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn’tgiveherkidhercellphonebecauseshethoughthe’dloseitandwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingonmom—amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptrackoftheirkids.  Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachild’severymovementviatheInternet—withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasthey’reonparole(假释).  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。  1.WhenLenoreSkenazy’ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,he________.  A.wasafraidthathemightgetlost  B.enjoyedhavingtheindependence  C.wasonlytoopleasedtotaketherisk  D.thoughthewasanexceptionalchild  2.LenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatch  A.hinderstheirhealthygrowth  B.addstoomuchtoparents’expenses  C.showstraditionalparentalcaution  D.bucksthelatestparentingtrend  3.Skenazy’sdecisiontolethersontaketheSubwayalonehasnetwith________.  A.oppositionfromherownfamily  B.shareparentingexperience  C.fightagainstchildabuse  D.protectchildren’srights  4.Skenazystartedherownblogto________.  A.promotesensibleparenting  B.shareparentingexperience  C.fightagainstchildabuse  D.protectchildren’srights  5.Accordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCity________.  A.rankshighinroadaccidents  B.ismuchsafethanbefore  C.rankslowinchildmortalityrates  D.islessdangerousthansmallcities  6.Parentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids’safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecause________.  A.therearenowfewerchildreninthefamily  B.thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasbeenincreasingn  C.theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime  D.crimerateshavebeenontheriseovertheyears  7.Accordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependson________.  A.thetraditionsandcustomsofthecommunity  B.thesafetyconditionsoftheirneighborhood  C.theirparents’psychologicalmakeup  D.theirmaturityandpersonalqualities  8.AccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfromUnsafesituations.  9.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparents’Theiranxietyandcontrol.  10.NowadayswiththehelpofGPScellphones,parentscan,fromadistance,tracktheirchildren’sMovements.  PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)  SectionA  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。  11.A.Fredforgottocallhimlastnightaboutthecampingtrip.  B.HeisnotgoingtolendhissleepingbagtoFred.  C.HehasnotseenFredatthegymforsometime.  D.Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.  12.A.Summerhasbecomehotterinrecentyears.  B.Itwillcooldownabitovertheweekend.  C.Swimminginapoolhasarelaxingeffect.  D.Hehopestheweatherforecastisaccurate.  13.A.TakingapictureofProf.Brown.  B.Commentingonanoil-painting.  C.HostingaTVprogram.  D.Stagingaperformance.  14.A.Shecanhelpthemantakecareoftheplants.  B.Mostplantsgrowbetterindirectsunlight.  C.Theplantsneedtobewateredfrequently.  D.Theplantsshouldbeplacedinashadyspot.  15.A.Changetoamoreexcitingchannel.  B.Seethemoviesomeothertime.  C.Gotobedearly.  D.Stayuptilleleven.  16.A.Bothofthemarelaymenofmodernart.  B.Shehasbeamedtoappreciatemodemsculptures.  C.Italianartists’worksaredifficulttounderstand.  D.Modernartistsaregenerallyconsideredweird.  17.A.Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone.  B.Theyhavecalledallclubmemberstocontribute.  C.Theythinkthedaycanbecalledamemorableone.  D.Theyfindithardtoraisemoneyforthehospital.  18.A.Themanshouldn’thesitatetotakethecourse.  B.Themanshouldtalkwiththeprofessorfirst.  C.Thecourseisn’topentoundergraduates.  D.Thecoursewillrequirealotofreading.  Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.  19.A.Currenttrendsineconomicdevelopment.  B.Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.  C.StoriesaboutBritain’srelationswithothernations.  D.Conflictsandcompromisesamongpoliticalparties.  20.A.Basedonthepollofpublicopinions.  B.Byinterviewingpeoplewhofilecomplaints.  C.Byanalyzingthedomesticandinternationalsituation.  D.Basedonpublicexpectationsandeditors’judgment.  21.A.Underlyingrulesofediting.  B.Practicalexperience.  C.Audience’sfeedback.  D.Professionalqualifications.  Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.  22.A.Theaveragelifespanwaslessthan50years.  B.Itwasverycommonforthemtohave12children.  C.Theyretiredfromworkmuchearlierthantoday.  D.Theywerequiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.n  23.A.Getreadyforecologicalchanges.  B.Adapttothenewenvironment.  C.Learntousenewtechnology.  D.Explorewaystostayyoung.  24.A.Whenallwomengoouttowork.  B.Whenfamilyplanningisenforced..  C.Whenaworldgovernmentissetup.  D.Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier.  25.A.Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.  B.Migratetootherplanets.  C.Controltheenvironment.  D.Findinexhaustibleresources.  SectionB  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.  26.A.Tohelpyoungpeopleimprovetheirdrivingskills.  B.Toalertteenagerstothedangersofrecklessdriving.  C.Toteachyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes.  D.Toshowteensthepenaltiesimposedoncarelessdrivers.  27.A.Roadaccidents.  B.Streetviolence.  C.Drugabuse.  D.Lungcancer.  28.A.Ithaschangedteens’wayoflife.  B.Ithasmadeteensfeellikeadults.  C.Ithasaccomplisheditsobjective.  D.Ithasbeensupportedbyparents.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.  29.A.Customersmaygetaddictedtothesmells.  B.Customersmaybemisledbythesmells.  C.Ithidesthedefectsofcertaingoods.  D.Itgivesrisetounfaircompetition.  30.A.Flexible.  B.Critical.  C.Supportive.  D.Cautious.  31.A.Theflowerscentstimulatedpeople’sdesiretobuy.  B.Strongersmellshadgreatereffectsonconsumers.  C.Mostshoppershatedthesmalltheshoestore.  D.84%ofthecustomerswereunawareofthesmells.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.  32.A.Agoodstrainhitabuscarryingmanypassengers.  B.Twopassengertrainscrashedintoeachother.  C.Apassengertraincollidedwithagoodstrain.  D.Anexpresstrainwasderailedwhenhitbyabomb.  33.A.Therescueoperationshavenotbeenveryeffective.  B.Morethan300injuredpassengerswerehospitalized.  C.Thecauseofthetragicaccidentremainsunknown.  D.Theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable.  34.A.Therewasabombscare.  B.Therewasaterroristattack.  C.Afirealarmwassetoffbymistake.  D.50poundsofexplosiveswerefound.  35.A.Followpolicemen’sdirections.  B.Keepaneyeweather.  C.Avoidsnow-coveredroads.  D.Drivewithspecialcare.  SectionC  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。  Englishistheleadinginternationallanguage.Indifferentcountriesaroundtheglobe,Englishisacquiredasthemother(36)________,inothersit’susedasasecondlanguage.SomenationsuseEnglishastheir(37)________language,performingthefunctionof(38)________;inothersit’susedasaninternationallanguageforbusiness,(39)________andnindustry.  Whatfactorsandforceshaveledtothe(40)________ofEnglish?WhyisEnglishnowconsideredtobesoprestigiousthat,acrosstheglobe,individualsandsocietiesfeel(41)________iftheydonothave(42)________inthislanguage?HowhasEnglishchangedthrough1,500Years?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatyou(43)________whenyoustudyEnglish.  YoualsoexaminetheimmensevariabilityofEnglishand(44)________.Youdevelopin-depthknowledgeoftheintricatestructureofthelanguage.Whydosomenon-nativespeakersofEnglishclaimthatit’sadifficultlanguagetolearn,while(45)________?AttheUniversityofSussex,youareintroducedtothenatureandgrammarofEnglishinallaspects.Thisinvolvesthestudyofsoundstructures,theformationofwords,thesequencingwordsandtheconstructionofmeaning,aswellasexaminationofthetheoriesexplainingtheaspectsofEnglishusage.(46)________,whichareraisedbystudyinghowspeakersandwritersemployEnglishforawidevarietyofpurposes.  PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)  SectionA  Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.  Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.  ThereisnothingnewaboutTVandfashionmagazinesgivinggirlsunhealthyideasabouthowthintheyneedtobeinordertobeconsideredbeautiful.WhatissurprisingisthemethodpsychologistsattheUniversityofTexashavecomeupwithtokeepgirlsfromdevelopingeatingdisorders.Theirmainweaponagainstsuperskinny(role)models:abrandofcivildisobediencedubbed“bodyactivism.”  Since2001,morethan1,000highschoolandcollegestudentsintheU.S.haveparticipatedintheBodyProject,whichworksbygettinggirlstounderstandhowtheyhavebeenbuyingintothenotionthatyouhavetobethintobehappyorsuccessful.Aftercritiquing(评论)theso-calledthinidealbywritingessaysandrole-playingwiththeirpeers,participantsaredirectedtocomeupwithandexecutesmall,nonviolentacts.Theyincludeslippingnotessaying“Loveyourbodythewayitis”intodietingbooksatstoreslikeBordersandwritingletterstoMattel,makersoftheimpossiblyproportionedBarbiedoll.  AccordingtoastudyinthelatestissueoftheJournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,theriskofdevelopingeatingdisorderswasreduced61%amongBodyProjectparticipants.Andtheycontinuedtoexhibitpositivebody-imageattitudesaslongasthreeyearsaftercompletingtheprogram,whichconsists,offourone-hoursessions.Suchlastingeffectsmaybeduetogirls’realizingnotonlyhowtheywerebeinginfluencedbutalsowhowasbenefitingfromthesocietalpressuretobethin.“Thesepeoplewhopromotetheperfectbodyreallydon’tcareaboutyouatall,”saysKelseyHertel,ahighschooljuniorandBodyProjectveteraninEugene,Oregon.“Theypurposefullymakeyoufeellikelessofapersonsoyou’llbuytheirstuffandthey’llmakemoney.”  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。  47.Weredogirlsgetthenotionthattheyneedtobethininordertobeconsideredbeautiful?  48.Bypromoting“bodyactivism,”UniversityofTexaspsychologistsaimtoprevent________.  49.Accordingtotheauthor,Mattel’sBarbiedollsare________.  50.ThepositiveeffectsoftheBodyProjectmaylastupto________.  51.OneBodyProjectparticipantsaysthattherealmotiveofthosewhopromotetheperfectbodyisto________.  SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.  Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.  ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.nThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.  Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.  Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。  52.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.  A.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive  B.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout  C.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction  D.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction  53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?  A.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.  B.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.  C.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.  D.Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.  54.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?  A.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.  B.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.  C.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.  D.Contaminationofseawater  55.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?  A.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.  B.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.  C.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.  D.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.  56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto________.  A.persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles  B.stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected  C.callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival  D.warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies  PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.  Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.  A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduateearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(报复性地)sincethe1980s.In2005,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.  There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in2007-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.  No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.n  Aswithautomobiles,consumersintoday’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld’shottestconsumertrend,maybeit’sbesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(混合动力汽车);anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。  57.What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?  A.Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.  B.Itdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.  C.Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.  D.Goingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.  58.ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,________.  A.enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversities  B.thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduates  C.competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantoday  D.thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed  59.Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan________.  A.savemoreontuition  B.receiveabettereducation  C.takemoreliberal-artscourses  D.avoidtravelinglongdistances  60.Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents________.  A.regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestment  B.placeapremiumontheprestigeoftheCollege  C.thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollege  D.considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct  61.Whatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?  A.Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.  B.Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheirbudgets.  C.Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.  D.Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。  SomehistoriansaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(总统任期)inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa__62__project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman__63__asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower’sinterstatehighways__64__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__65__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless__66__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__67__libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__68__.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,__69__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.  TheInternethadits__70__ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which__71__AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto__72__information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__73__missionistopromotescience,tookover.  ThisnewNSFnetwork__74__moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,mayof__75__hadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat__76__theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork__77__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.__78__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.  SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructure(基础设施)onwhichweb__79__move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__80__researchnetwork.  Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__81__an“informationsuperhighway.”  62.A.conciseC.massiveB.radicalD.trivial  63.A.behaviorsC.inventionsB.endeavorsD.elements  64.A.packedC.suppressedB.stuckD.bound  65.A.facilitatedC.mobilizedB.modifiedD.terminated  66.A.competitiveC.exclusiveB.comparativeD.expensiven  67.A.mergesC.relaysB.connectsD.unifies  68.A.figuresC.individualsB.personalitiesD.humans  69.A.andC.orB.yetD.while  70.A.samplesC.originsB.sourcesD.precedents  71.A.stoodbyC.stoodagainstB.stoodforD.stoodover  72.A.exchangeC.switchB.bypassD.interact  73.A.theirC.whenB.thatD.whose  74.A.expandedC.attractedB.contractedD.extended  75.A.whatC.theseB.whichD.them  76.A.joinedC.participatedB.attachedD.involved  77.A.moreoverC.likewiseB.howeverD.then  78.A.WithC.InB.ByD.As  79.A.contextsC.messagesB.signsD.leaflets  80.A.citizenC.amateurB.civilianD.resident  81.A.intoC.overB.amidD.toward  PartVITranslation(5minutes)  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分。  82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk________(说服他不买车).  83.________(保持幽默有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety..  84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,________(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).  85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink________(一定有人在说他们坏话).  86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).参考答案快速阅读:1B)enjoyedhavingtheindependence2A)hinderstheirhealthygrowth3D)somewhatmixedresponses4A)promotesensibleparenting5B)ismuchsaferthanbefore6C)theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime7D)theirmaturityandpersonalqualities8unsafesituations9anxietyandcontrol10everymovement短对话11.D)Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.12.B)Itwillcooldownovertheweekend.13.C)HostingaTVprogram.14.D)Theplantsshouldbeputinashadyspot.15.C)Gotobedearly.16.B)Shehaslearnedtoappreciatemodernsculptures.17.A)Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone18.A)Themanshouldn'thesitatetotakethecourse长对话19B)Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.20D)Basedonpublicexpectation21D)Professionalqualification22A)Theiraveragelifespanwaslessthan5023C)learntousenowtechnology.24D)Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier25C)Controlenvironment短文听力26.B)toalertyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes27A)roadaccidents28.C)ithasaccomplisheditsobjective29B)customersmaybemisledbythesmells30B)critical31A)theflowerscentstimulatedpeople’sdesiretobuy32C)apassengertrainscollidedwithagoodstrain33D)theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailablen34A)therewasabombscare35D)drivewithspecialcare复合式听写36.tongue37.official38.administration39commerce40spread41disadvantaged42confidence43investigate44.cometounderstandhowitisusedasasymbolofbothindividualidentityandsocialconnection45.infantsbornintoEnglish-speakingcommunitiesacquiretheirlanguagebeforetheylearntousefolksandknives46.Youareencouragetodevelopyourownindividualresponsestovariouspracticalandtheoreticalissues阅读答案简答:47TVandfashionmagazines.48developingeatingdisorders49impossiblyproportioned50threeyears51makemoney仔细阅读:52B)effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout.53D)Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.54B)Unregulatedcommercialfishing.55A)Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.56C)callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival.57C)Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartingcosts.58D)Thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed59A)savemoreontuition60D)considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct61B)Asatisfyingexperiencewiththeirbudgets.完形:62.C.massive63.B.endeavors64.D.bound65.A.facilitated66.C.exclusive67.B.connects68.C.individuals69.A.and70.D.precedents71.B.stoodfor72.A.exchange73.Dwhose74.C.attract75.B.which76.A.joined77.D.then78.A.with79.C.messages80.B.civilian81.B.amid翻译:82.overhimnottobuyacar83.Keepingsenseofhumoriscontributiveto84.hehadnochoicebuttoconfesshisguilt85.someonemustarespeakingillofthem86.itdifficulttoresistthetemptationoficecream2008年12月大学英语六级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.大学生的心理健康十分重要2.因此,学校可以……3.我们自己应当……HowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.nSupersizeSurpriseAskanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.1.NotenoughsleepItiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7. It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.2.ClimatecontrolWehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陈代谢的)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.3.LesssmokingBadnews:smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.4.GeneticeffectsYourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.5.Alittleolder…Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatternendofthespectrum:Mexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.6.MaturemumsMothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.MichaelSymondsattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechild;in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.7.LikemarryinglikeJustaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers—particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren—itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Effectsofobesityonpeople’shealthB)ThelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesityC)NewexplanationsfortheobesityepidemicD)Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic2.IntheUSNurse’HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight_______.A)gainedtheleastweightB)wereinclinedtoeatlessC)foundtheirvigorenhancedD)werelesssusceptibletoillness3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat___________.A)itmakesussleepyB)itcausessleeplossC)itincreasesourappetiteD)itresultsfromlackofsleep4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?A)itmakesusstayindoorsmoreB)itacceleratesourmetabolicrateC)itmakesusfeelmoreenergeticD)itcontributestoourweightgain5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?A)itthreatenstheirhealthB)itheightenstheirspiritsC)itsuppressestheirappetiteD)itslowsdowntheirmetabolism6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFergal’sstudy?A)heavysmokersB)passivesmokersC)thosewhoneversmokeD)thosewhoquitsmoking7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof_______.A)thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeopleB)therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulationC)theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoodsD)theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremains__________.9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisndecreaseof___________.10.Whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityis_____________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)HeisquiteeasytorecognizeB)HeisanoutstandingspeakerC)HelookslikeamoviestarD)Helooksyoungforhisage12.A)consultherdancingteacherB)takeamoreinterestingclassC)continueherdancingclassD)improveherdancingskills13.A)themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaidB)themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospitalC)thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjuryD)thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor’sinstructions14.A)theyarenotinstyleanymoreB)theyhavecosthimfartoomuchC)theynolongersuithiseyesightD)theyshouldbecleanedregularly15.A)hespilledhisdrinkontothefloorB)hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloorC)hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhomeD)herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone16.A)fixingsomefurnitureB)repairingthetoytrainC)readingtheinstructionsD)assemblingthebookcase17.A)urgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudyB)helpJennytoprepareforthecomingexamsC)acttowardsJennyinamoresensiblewayD)sendJennytoavolleyballtrainingcenter18.A)ThebuildingofthedamneedsalargebudgetB)TheproposedsiteisneartheresidentialareaC)ThelocalpeoplefeelinsecureaboutthedamD)ThedamposesathreattothelocalenvironmentQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A.ItsawtheendofitsboomingyearsworldwideB.Itsproductionandsalesreachedrecordlevels.C.ItbecamepopularinsomeforeigncountriesD.Itsdomesticmarketstartedtoshrinkrapidly.20.A.Theycostless.C.Theywereinfashion.B.Theytastedbetter.D.Theywerewidelyadvertised.21.A.Itissuretofluctuate.C.Itwillremainbasicallystable.B.Itisboundtorevive.D.ItwillseenomoremonopolyQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A.OrganisingprotestsC.Actingasitsspokesman.B.RecruitingmembersD.Savingendangeredanimals.23.A.Anti-animal-abusedemonstrationsB.Anti-nuclearcampaignsC.SurveyingtheAtlanticOceanfloorD.Removingindustrialwaste.24.A.Byharassingthem.C.Bytakinglegalaction.B.ByappealingtothepublicD.Byresortingtoforce.25.A.DoubtfulC.Indifferent.B.ReservedD.SupportiveSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOnenQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A.Theairbecomesstill.C.Thecloudsblockthesun.B.Theairpressureislow.D.Theskyappearsbrighter.27.A.Ancientpeoplewerebetteratforetellingtheweather.B.Sailors’sayingabouttheweatherareunreliable.C.Peopleknewlongagohowtopredicttheweather.D.Itwaseasiertoforecasttheweatherintheolddays.28.A.Weatherforecastisgettingmoreaccuratetoday.B.PeoplecanpredicttheweatherbytheirsensesC.Whoaretherealexpertsinweatherforecast.D.Weatherchangesaffectpeople’sliferemarkablyPassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A.Theyoftenfeelinsecureabouttheirjobs.B.Theyareunabletodecidewhattodofirst.C.Theyfeelburdenedwithnumeroustaskseveryday.Dtheyfeelburdenedwithnumeroustaskseveryday30.A.Analyzethemrationally.C.Turntoothersforhelp.B.Drawadetailedto-dolist.D.Handlethemonebyone.31.A.Theyhaveaccomplishedlittle.C.Theyhaveworkedoutawaytorelax.B.Theyfeelutterlyexhausted.D.Theynolongerfeelanysenseofguilt.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A.Theirperformancemayimprove.B.TheirimmunesystemmaybereinforcedC.Theirbloodpressuremayriseallofasudden.D.Theirphysicaldevelopmentmaybeenhanced.33.A.ImprovedmentalfunctioningC.SpeedingupofbloodcirculationB.IncreasedsusceptibilitytodiseaseD.Reductionofstress-relatedhormones34.A.Pretendtobeinbettershape.C.TurnmoreoftentofriendsforhelpB.Havemorephysicalexercise.D.Paymoreattentiontobodilysensations.35.A.Differentapproachestocopingwithstress.B.Variouscausesforserioushealthproblems.C.Therelationshipbetweenstressandillness.D.Newfindingofmedicalresearchonstress.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Oneofthemostcommonimagesofanadvanced,Western-stylecultureisthatofabusy,traffic-filledcity.Sincetheirfirst(36)______onAmericanroadways,automobileshavebecomea(37)______ofprogress,asourceofthousandsofjobsandanalmostinalienablerightforcitizens’personalfreedomofmovement.Inrecent(38)_______,our“loveaffair”withthecarisbeing(39)________directlytothedevelopingworld,anditisincreasingly(40)_______thatthistransferisleadingtodisaster.American’salmostcompletedependenceonautomobileshasbeenaterriblemistake.Aslateasthe1950s,alarge(41)________oftheAmericanpublicusedmasstransit.A(42)________ofpublicpolicydecisionsandcorporateschemingsawtoitthatcountless(43)________andefficienturbanstreetcarandintra-cityrailsystemsweredismantled.(44)___________________________________________________.Ourliveshavebeenplannedalongaroadgrid—homesfarfromwork,shoppingfarfromeverything,withuglystretchesofconcreteandblacktopinbetween.DevelopingcountriesarecopyingWestern-styletransportationsystemsdowntothelastdetail.(45)_________________________________________________________.Pollutioncontrolmeasuresareeithernotstrictornonexistent,leadingtochokingcloudsofsmog.Gasolinestillcontainslead,whichisextremelypoisonoustohumans.(46)_____________________________________________________________________.Inadditiontopollutionandtrafficjams,autosafetyisacriticalissueindevelopingnations.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswersheet2.nQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Oneofthemajorproducersofathleticfootwear,with2002salesofover$10billion,isacompanycalledNike,withcorporateheadquartersinBeaverton,Oregon.ForbesmagazineidentifiedNike’spresident,PhilipKnight,asthe53rd-richestmanintheworldin2004.ButNikehasnotalwaysbeenalargemultimillion-dollarorganization.Infact,Knightstartedthecompanybysellingshoesfromthebackofhiscarattrackmeets.Inthelate1950sPhilipKnightwasamiddle-distancerunnerontheUniversityofOregontrackteam,coachedbyBillBowerman.OneofthetoptrackcoachesintheU.S.,Bowermanwasalsoknownforexperimentingwiththedesignofrunningshoesinanattempttomakethemlighterandmoreshock-absorbent.AfterattendingOregon,KnightmovedontodograduateworkatStanfordUniversity;hisMBAthesiswasonmarketingathleticshoes.Oncehereceivedhisdegree,KnighttraveledtoJapantocontacttheOnitsukaTigerCompany,amanufacturerofathleticshoes.Knightconvincedthecompany’sofficialsofthepotentialforitsproductintheU.S.In1963hereceivedhisfirstshipmentofTigershoes,200pairsintotal.In1964,KnightandBowermancontributed$500eachtofromBlueRibbonSports,thepredecessorofNike.Inthefirstfewyears,Knightdistributedshoesoutofhiscaratlocaltrackmeets.ThefirstemployeeshiredbyKnightwereformercollegeathletes.Thecompanydidnothavethemoneytohire“experts”,andtherewasnoestablishedathleticfootwearindustryinNorthAmericafromwhichtorecruitthoseknowledgeableinthefield.Initsearlyyearstheorganizationoperatedinanunconventionalmannerthatcharacterizeditsinnovativeandentrepreneurialapproachtotheindustry.Communicationwasinformal;peoplediscussedideasandissuesinthehallways,onarun,oroverabeer.Therewaslittletaskdifferentiation.Therewerenojobdescriptions,rigidreportingsystems,ordetailedrulesandregulations.TheteamspiritandsharedvaluesoftheathletesonBowerman’steamscarriedoverandprovidedthebasisforthecollegialstyleofmanagementthatcharacterizedtheearlyyearsofNikes.47.Whileservingasatrackcoach,Bowermantriedtodesignrunningshoesthatwere_____________________.48.DuringhisvisittoJapan,KnightconvincedtheofficialsoftheOnitsukaTigerCompanythatitsproductwouldhave____________________________________.49.BlueRibbonSportsasunabletohireexpertsduetotheabsenceof____________________inNorthAmerica.50.IntheearlyyearsofNike,communicationwithinthecompanywasusuallycarriedout____________.51.WhatqualitiesofBowerman’steamsformedthebasisofNike’searlymanagementstyle?_______________________________________________________________.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.medievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients(营养成分)capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat(栖息地)lossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsonneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons(正反两方面)ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.52.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?A)ByitsproductivityC)ByitsimpactontheenvironmentB)ByitssustainabilityD)Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth53.Specialisationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin________.A)LocalisedpollutionC)competitionfromoverseasB)theshrinkingoffarmlandD)thedecreaseofbiodiversity54.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?A)TheyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturiesB)TheyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowthC)TheyarenotnecessarilysustainableD)Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly55.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcenturyA)ItwillgothroughradicalchangesB)ItwillsupplymoreanimalproductsC)ItwillabandontraditionalfarmingpracticesD)Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment56Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A)ToremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopmentB)TosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproductionC)ToadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogressD)TourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureisPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefouthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemired(陷入)inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandUnderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto(降入)segregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry. Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Andnitwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.57.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?A)Theywereofinferiorraces.B)TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.C)Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.D)Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.58.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?A)TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.B)Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.C)Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.D)Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.59.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?A)Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.B)Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.C)TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.D)Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.60.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?A)Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.B)UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.C)Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.D)TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.61.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis_______.A)HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocumentsB)HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansocietyC)HowtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborderD)HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Individualsandbusinesseshavelegalprotectionforintellectualpropertytheycreateandown.Intellectualproper__62__fromcreativethinkingandmayincludeproducts,__63__,processes,andideas.Intellectualpropertyisprotected__64__misappropriation(盗用).MisappropriationistakingtheIntellectualpropertyofotherswithour__65__compensationandusingitformonetarygain.Legalprotectionisprovidedforthe__66__ofintellectualproperty.Thethreecommontypesoflegalprotectionarepatents,copyrights,andtrademarks.Patentsprovideexclusiveuseofinventions.IftheUSpatentoffice__67__apatent,itisconfirmingthattheintellectualpropertyis__68__.Thepatentpreventsothersfrommaking,using,orsellingtheinventionwithouttheowner’s__69__foraperiodof20years.Copyrightsaresimilartopatents__70__thattheyareappliedtoartisticworks.Acopyrightprotectsthecreatorofan__72__artisiticorintellectualwork,suchasasongoranovel.Acopyrightgivestheownerexclusiverightstocopy,__72__display,orperformthework..Thecopyrightpreventsothersfromusingandsellingthework,the__73__ofacopyrightistypicallythelifetimeoftheauthor__74__anadditional70years.Trademarksarewords,names,orsymbolsthatidentifythemanufacturerofaproductand__75__itfromsimilargoodsofothers.Aservicemarkissimilartoatrademark__76__isusedtoidentifyservices.Atrademarkpreventsothersfromusingthe__77__orasimilarword,name,orsymboltotakeadvantageoftherecognitionand__78__ofthebrandortocreateconfusioninthemarketplace.__79__registration,atrademarkisusuallygrantedforaperiodoftenyears.Itcanbe__80__foradditionalten-yearperiodsindefinitelyas__81__asthemark’susecontinues.62.[A]retrieves[B]deviates[C]results[D]departs63.[A]services[B]reserves[C]assumptions[D]motions64.[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]from65.[A]sound[B]partial[C]due[D]random66.[A]users[B]owners[C]masters[D]executivesn67.[A]affords[B]affiliates[C]funds[D]grants68.[A]solemn[B]sober[C]unique[D]universal69.[A]perspective[B]permission[C]conformity[D]consensus70.[A]except[B]besides[C]beyond[D]despite71.[A]absolute[B]alternative[C]original[D]orthodox72.[A]presume[B]stimulate[C]nominate[D]distribute73.[A]range[B]length[C]scale[D]extent74.[A]plus[B]versus[C]via[D]until75.[A]distract[B]differ[C]distinguish[D]disconnect76.[A]or[B]but[C]so[D]whereas77.[A]identical[B]analogical[C]literal[D]parallel78.[A]ambiguity[B]utility[C]popularity[D]proximity79.[A]from[B]over[C]before[D]upon80.[A]recurred[B]renewed[C]recalled[D]recovered81.[A]long[B]soon[C]far[D]wellPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.82.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which_______________________(把美观与功能完美地结合起来)。83.Itwasverydark,butMaryseemedto__________________________________(本能地知道该走哪条路)84.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatparents__________________________(剥夺孩子们的自由)tospendtheirsparetimeastheywish.85.Olderadultswhohaveahighlevelofdailyactivitieshavemoreenergyand____________________________(与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低)。86.Yourresumeshouldattractawould-beboss’sattentionbydemonstrating______________________________(为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选)。答案:(提示:答案来源于网络,仅供参考)快速阅读:1.C.Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic.2.A.gainedtheleastweight3.B.itcausessleeploss4.D.Itcontributestoourweightgain.5.C.Itsuppressestheirappetite.6.D.Thosewhoquitsmoking.7.B.therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation8.notentirelyclear9.familysize10.partlygenetic听力11.A)Heisquiteeasytorecognize.12.C)Continueherdancingclass.13.D)Thewomanmaynothavefollowedthedoctor’sinstructions.14.C)Theynolongersuithiseyesight.15.D)Herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone.16.D)Assemblingthebookcase.17.A)UrgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudy.18.C)Thelocalpeoplefeelinsecureaboutthedam.n19.B)Itsproductionandsalesreachedrecordlevels.20.A)Theycostless.21.C)Itisboundtorevive.22.A)Organisingprotests.23.C)Anti-nuclearcampaigns.24.A)Byharassingthem.25.D)Supportive.26.B)Theairpressureislow.27.C)Peopleknewlongagohowtopredicttheweather.28.B)Peoplecanpredicttheweatherbytheirsenses.29.D)Theyfeelburdenedwithnumeroustaskseveryday.30.B)Drawadetailedto-dolist.31.A)Theyhaveaccomplishedlittle.32.A)Theirperformancemayimprove.33.B)Increasedsusceptibilitytodisease.34.D)Paymoreattentiontobodilysensations.35.C)Therelationshipbetweenstressandillness.36.appearance37.symbol38.decades39.exported40.apparent41.percentage42.combination43.convenient44.Ourairqualitynowsuffersfromtheeffectsofpollutantsemitteddirectlyfromourcars.45.TheproblemscausedbymotorizedvehiclesintheWestareoftenmagnifiedindevelopingnations.46.Movementinsomecitiescomestoavirtualstandstillasmotorizedtrafficcompeteswithbicyclesandpedestrians.简短回答问题47.lighterandmoreabsorbent48.thepotentialintheU.S.49.establishedathleticfootwearindustry50.informally51.Theteamspiritandsharedvaluesoftheathletes仔细阅读52.B.Byitssustainability53.D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity54.C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.55.A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.56.D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.57.A.Theywereofinferiorraces.58.B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.59.D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.60.C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.61.B.howtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety.完形62Cresults63Aservices64Dfrom65Cdue66Bowners67Dgrants68Cunique69Bpermission70Aexcept71Coriginal72Ddistribute73Blength74Aplus75Cdistinguish76Bbut77Aidentical78Cpopularity79DUpon80Brenewed81Alongn翻译82whichcombinedbeautyandfunctionperfectly83knowwhichwaytotakebyinstinct.84deprivetheirchildrenoffreedom85alowerdeathratecomparedwiththosewhodon't86whyyouarethebestcandidateforacertainposition2008年6月21日大学英语六级真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?  1.随着信息技术的发展,电子图书越来越多  2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书,理由是……  3.我的看法注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Whatwilltheworldbelikeinfiftyyears?Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,frongas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexbaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”LivinglongerAnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,belivesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmuno-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andalloweingthemtodeveoopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“anthenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchasnwhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:“It’sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”AliensConlinPillinger,professorofplanerarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidistarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites(陨石).ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentforstofMarsoronotherplaners.Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddefore2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.Heays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.ColoniesinspaceRichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”SpinalinjuriesEllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstitudeinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinijuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflicatedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.Shesays:”Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprofescribedrugsthatcauseseveres(断裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplancingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repariestothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.ObesitySydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NoblelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”RobotsRodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”EnergynBillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says:”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.SocietyGeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:”TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brigheter,wiser,happierandkinder”.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?A)AsolutiontotheglobalenergycrisisB)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.C)ThelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscienceD)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.A)mayinvitetroubleB)maynotcometrueC)willfoolthepublicD)domoreharmthangood3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantationB)morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantationC)animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodiesD)organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday4.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigarr,proplewill____.A)lifeforaslongastheywishB)berelievedfromallsufferingsC)lifeto100andmorewithvitalityD)beabletolivelongerthanwhales5.PricetonprofessorFreemanSysonthinksthat____.A)scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartooursB)humanswillbeabletosettleonMarsC)alienlifewilllikelybediscoveredD)lifewillstarttoevolveonMars6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans_____.A)MightsurvieallcatastrophesonearthB)MightacquireamplenaturalresourcesC)WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreelyD)Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstitueinPhiladelpia,predictsthat_____.A)humanorganscanbumanufacturedlikeappliancesB)peoplewillbeasstronganddymamicassupermenC)humannervescanbereplancedbyopticfibersD)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrown8.rodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentof__artificaialintelligenceforrobots_____9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan’tbeusedtomake__pollutions___________10AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof_________religion_______PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),angD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答11.A)ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.B)Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.C)Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksago.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.A)WorkoutaplantotightenhisbudgetB)Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.C)Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.A)Afinancialburden.C)Arealnuisance.B)AgoodcompanionD)Awell-trainedpet.14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.C)Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex.B)Thewomanwasmistakenherself.D)Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes.15.A)Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles.C)Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper.B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.D)Hewillbeawayforatwo-weekconference.16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.B)Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip.C)Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman.D)TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8.17.A)Theyhavewaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan.B)Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure.C)Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan.D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.A)Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease.B)Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic.C)Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.D)It’lltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontrol.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Enormoussizeofitsstores.C)Itsappealingsurroundings.B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.D)Itsrichandcolorfulhistory.20.A)Anancientbuilding.C)AnEgyptianmuseum.B)Aworldofantiques.D)AnEgyptianMemorial.n21.A)Itspowerbillreaches$9millionayear.B)Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday.C)Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown.D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.22.A)11,500C)250,000B)30,000D)300,000Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Transferringtoanotherdepartment.C)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.B)StudyingaccountingatauniversityD)Makingpreparationforherwedding.24.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.B)Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany.C)Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment.D)Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany.25.A)HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch.B)Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.C)Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhislife.D)HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestion.Boththepassageandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce..Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwatersports.B)Theyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowwaterways.C)Theyarebecominganefficientformofwatertransportation.D)Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansorwaterrecreation.27.A)Waterscooteroperators’lackofexperience.B)Vacationers’disregardofwatersafetyrules.C)Overloadingofsmallboatsandothercraft.D)Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongtheshore.28.A)Theyscarewhalestodeath.C)Theydischargetoxicemissions.B)Theyproducetoomuchnoise.D)Theyendangerlotsofwaterlife.29.A)Expandoperatingareas.C)Limittheuseofwaterscooters.B)Restrictoperatinghours.D)Enforcenecessaryregulations.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theyarestable.C)Theyarestrained.C)Theyareclose.D)Theyarechanging.31.A)Theyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownbusiness.B)Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.C)Notmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirneighbors.D)Theyattachlessimportancetointerpersonalrelations.32.A)Countoneachotherforhelp.C)Keepafriendlydistance.B)Giveeachotheracoldshoulder.D)Buildafencebetweenthem.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Itmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleyoungsters.nB)ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinAmerica.C)Itmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofoperation.D)Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34.A)Itislessseriousincitiesthaninruralareas.B)Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.C)Itresultsfromaworseningeconomicclimate.D)ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators.35.A)Allowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteteachers.B)Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment.C)Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.D)Helpingthemtodevelopbetterstudyhabits.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanknumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownword.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。CompoundDictationI'minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedoneifwearetosurviveasacountry.Icertainlydon'tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainlygetcomplicatedinahurrywhenyougetintothem.ButIwonderifsomethingcouldn'tbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingI'mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputtingoffendersinjailwhohaven'tharmedanyone.Whynotworkoutsomesystemwherebytheycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadofincurringanotherdebtbygoingtoprison,andofcourse,comingundertheinfluenceofhardenedcriminals?I'malsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleareservingforseriouscrimes.Ofcourse,onealternativetothisistorestorecapitalpunishment,butI'mnotsureIwouldbeforthat.I'mnotsureit'srighttotakeaneyeforeye.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ifmovietrailers(预告片)aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That’swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral(震撼心灵的).Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints."United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtnbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere’reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That’sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答47.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededincausingareactionwhenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.48.Themovie"United93"issuretogiverisetoanemotionaldebate.49.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedforexploitinganationaltragedy.51.CaroleO’Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryistoraisetheawarenessaboutsecurity.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughtthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Fornfirstfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?A)TheireconomyisplungingB)Theycan’taffordtripstoEuropeC)TheircurrencyhasslumpedD)Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.53.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?A)TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.B)Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.C)Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.D)Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.54HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.Swiththedevalueddollar?A)TheyfeelcontemptuousofitB)Theyaresympatheticwithit.C)Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.D)Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?A.TheytreatthedollarwithalittlerespectB.Theytrytowinintheweak-dollargambleC.TheyvacationathomeratherthanabroadD.Theytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.56Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)?A.Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.B.ThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadimeC.Thedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.D.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsession(痴迷)ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.nBysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-poinntincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke(偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.Gettingintoyalemaysignifyintellgence,talentandAmbition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetiton.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.princetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpdexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.theveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtodeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whydosetheauthorsaythatparengsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C.theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D.theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?A.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C.Theirchildreneillhavehaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewersyudentthantheyusedto.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbykidscountmorethantheircollege(Line1,para.4?A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.B.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportangthantheircollegebackground.D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.60.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?A.GETtingintoPh.d.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.61.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______A.theyearblessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplicationPartVClozeDirections:thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,IMetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtonmethatthecountryhadaperfectsolutiontoitseconomicproblems.WatchingtheU.S.economy___62___duringthe‘90s,theGermanshaddecidedthatthey,too,neededtogothehigh-technology___63___.Buthow?Inthelate‘90s,theanswerschemedobvious.Indians.___64___all,IndianentrepreneursaccountedforoneofeverythreeSiliconValleystart-ups.SotheGermangovernmentdecidedthatitwould___65___IndianstoTermanyjustasAmericadoesby___66___greencards.OfficialscreatedsomethingcalledtheGermanGreenCardand___67___thattheywouldissue20,000inthefirstyear.___68___,theGermansexpectedthattensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome,andperhapsthe___69___wouldhavetobeincreased.Buttheprogramwasafailure.Ayearlater___70___halfofthe20,000cardshadbeenissued.Afterafewextensions,theprogramwas___71___.ItoldtheGermanofficialatthetimethatIwassurethe___72___wouldfail.It’snotthatIhadanyparticularexpertiseinimmigrationpolicy,___73___Iunderstoodsomethingaboutgreencards,becauseIhadone(theAmerican___74___).TheGermanGreenCardwasmismand,Iargued,__75__itnever,underanycircumtances,translatedintoGermancitizenship.TheU.S.greencard,bycontrast,isanalmost__76__pathtobecomingAmerican(afterfiveyearsandacleanrecord).Theofficial__77__myobjection,sayingthattherewasnowayGermanywasgoingtoofferthesepeoplecitizenship.”weneedyoungtachworkers,”hesaid.”that’swhatthispro-gramisall__78__.”soGermanywasaskingbrightyoung__79__toleavetheircountry,cultureandfamilies,movethousandsofmilesaway,learnanewlanguageandworkinastrangeland—butwithoutany__80__ofeverbeingpartoftheirnewhome.Germanywassengingasignal,onethatwas___81___receivedinIndiaandothercountries,andalsobyGermany’sownimmigrantcommunity.62.A)soarC)amplifyB)hoverD)intensify63.A)circuitC)traitB)strategyD)route64.A)OfC)InB)AfterD)At65.A)importC)conveyB)kidnapD)lure66.A)offeringC)evacuatingB)installingD)formulating67.A)conferredC)announcedB)inferredD)verified68.A)SpeciallyC)ParticularlyB)NaturallyD)Consistently69.A)quotasC)measuresB)digitsD)scales70.A)invariablyC)barelyB)literallyD)solely71.A)repelledC)combatedB)deletedD)abolished72.A)adventureC)initiativeB)responseD)impulse73.A)andC)soB)butD)or74.A)heritageC)notionB)revisionD)version75A)becauseB)unlessC)ifD)while76A)aggressiveB)automaticC)vulnerableD)voluntary77A)overtookB)fascinatedC)submittedD)dismissed78A)towardsB)roundC)aboutD)overn79A)dwellersB)citizensC)professionalsD)amateurs80A)prospectB)suspicionC)outcomeD)destination81A)partiallyB)clearlyC)brightlyD)vividlyPartVITranslationDirections:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople答案(注:答案来源于网络,仅供参考)Part1Writing范文一Recentdecadeshaveseentherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,andtherebyE-bookshavewoundtheirwayintoourdailylife.BecauseofthewideandquickpopularityofE-books,therehasbeenanincreasingcontroversyoverthequestionofwhetherE-bookswillreplacetraditionalbooksornot.ManypeopleholdtheideathatitwillnottakelongforE-bookstoreplacetraditionalbooksbecauseE-bookshavequiteafewadvantagesovertraditionalones.First,E-booksaremoreaccessibletoreaders,becausethereadersjustneedtologontotheinternetandreadonline.Second,thankstotheadvancedtechnology,thecostofE-booksismuchlower,soittakesreadersfarlessmoneytobuyE-books.Lastbutnottheleast,readingE-bookshasdevelopedintopartofourdailylife,whichisparticularlyappealingtoyoungusers,whoarethebodypartoftheusersofelectronicproducts.AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisnotlikelyforE-bookstoreplacetraditionalbooksforlotsofreasons.Forexample,longtimeofreadingE-bookswilldomoreharmtooureyes,andreaderswillfindthemselvesmoreaccessibletoprintedmaterialsbecausecomputersandtheinternethaven’tyetbeenpopularizedtoeverycornerofourlife.范文二E-books,orelectronicbooks,havethesameinformationandneedthesamereadingexperienceasthetraditionalbooks,whichyouactuallyholdinyourhands.E-bookshavesomanybenefitsthattheywillreplacetraditionalbooks.E-bookscanbecreatedonashoestringbudgetwhiletheauthorsoftraditionalbookswillhavetoovercomeatoughsalestargetbeforetheyevenconsidermakingaprofitonthebook.E-booksarequickertocreatebecausetheycouldbewrittenandpublishedinaslittleasaweekwhilethetimespanbetweenstartingatraditionalbookandwritingitcouldtakearoundayearortwo.E-booksareeasiertotargetawidemarketbecausetheymaybesoldontheInternettoanyonewithacreditcardandanInternetconnectioninanyplaceintheworld,whilewithatraditionalbookitmaybedifficulttoexpandtonewmarkets,sinceitwillinvolvefurthersignificantcostsondistributionandmarketing.nToconclude,E-booksareaveryvaluabletoolthatcouldbeusedasaprofitcentre,asapublishingtoolorasamarketingtool.Theyhavemanyadvantagesoverthetraditionalbooks.E-bookswillreplacetraditionalbooks.Part2ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.D)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury.2.B)maynotcometrue3.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantation4.C)liveto100andmorewithvitality5.C)alienlifewilllikelybediscovered6.A)mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearth7.D)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow8.artificialintelligence9.weapons10.religionPart3ListeningComprehensionSectionA11.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.C)Arealnuisance.14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.15.B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.17.D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.C)Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.19.B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.20.B)Aworldofantiques.21.D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.22.B)30,00023.C)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.24.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.25.B)Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.SectionBPassage126.D)Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansofwaterrecreation.27.A)Waterscooteroperatorslackofexperience.n28.B)Theyproducetoomuchnoise.29.D)Enforcenecessaryregulations.Passage230.D)Theyarechanging.31.B)Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.32.C)Keepafriendlydistance.Passage333.D)Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34.B)Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.35.C)Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.SectionC36.survive37.complicated38.offenders39.whereby40.incurring41.influence42.serving43.restore44.Thealternativetocapitalpunishmentislongersentences.Buttheywouldcertainlycostthetaxpayersmuchmoney.45.thatdoesnotmeanthatpersonisn'tguiltyofthecrime,orthatheshouldn'tpaysocietythedebtheowes.46.alargepartofitinprisonforactsthathecommittedwhilenotinfullcontrolofhismind.Part4ReadinginDepthSectionA47.causingareaction48.anemotionaldebate49.Theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.exploitinganationaltragedy51.raiseawarenessSectionBPassage152.B)Theircurrencyhasslumped.n53.C)Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.54.D)Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55.C)Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad.56.A)Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.Passage257.D)Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.A)Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.59.C)Kid’sactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgrounds.60.B)Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.61.C)theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationPart5Cloze62.A)soar63.D)route64.A)Of65.A)import66.A)offering67.C)announced68.D)Consistently69.A)quotas70.C)barely71.D)abolished72.C)initiative73.B)but74.D)version75.A)because76.B)automatic77.D)dismissed78.C)about79.C)professionals80.A)prospect81.B)clearlyPart6Translation82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhoaredevotedtopoemsintheirwholelives(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsiveandunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhavemadeareplylastweek.n(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiment(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口相互争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationdependslargelyon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducation.2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledDigitalAge.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用,并举例2.数字化产品的使用对人工作,学习,生活产生的影响DigitalAge________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SevenWaystoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRǒmertocutcostcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout€100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis€90,000fuelandpowerbillby€60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconversationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact:InsulateSpaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.ChangeBulbsLightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLs,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.nComfortZoneWaterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingaswell.MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmost1millionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.RemakeFactoriesFromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany€200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing(优化)energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJǔrgenHambrecht.GreenDrivingAquarteroftheworld’senergy—includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated(充气).Gasoline-electrichybrid(混合型)modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.ABetterFridgeMorethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumptionandtheirutilitybillsby43percent.FlexiblePaymentWhosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestment?“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting(翻折改造)inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.  Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?Ithastodowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsavings.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.Willitbeenough?Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?[A]Raisingefficiently.[B]Cuttingunnecessarycosts.[C]Findingalternativeresources[D]Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?[A]Diversifyenergysupply.[B]Cutenergyconsumption.[C]Reducecarbonemissions.[D]Raiseproductionefficiency.3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto_______.[A]improveyourworkenvironment[B]cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf.[C]getridofair-conditioners[D]enjoymuchbetterhealth4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?[A]Asmallportion.[B]Some40percentn[C]Almosthalf.[D]75to80percent.5.Somecountrieshavetiredtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby_________.[A]upgradingtheequipment[B]encouraginginvestments[C]implementinghigh-tech[D]providingsubsidies6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves€200millionayearby_________.[A]recyclingheatandenergy[B]settingupfactoriesinChina[C]usingthenewesttechnology[D]reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif________.[A]weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes[B]wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances[C]wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods[D]wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients’__________.9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith___________.10.Thestrongestincentiveenergyconservationwilldrivefrom_____________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.[A]Proceedinhisownway.[B]Sticktotheoriginalplan.[C]Compromisewithhiscolleague.[D]Trytochangehiscolleague’smind.12.[A]Manyhasakeeneyeforstyle.[B]Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.[C]NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRome.[D]NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.13.[A]Washthedishes.[B]Gotothetheatre.[C]PickupGeorgeandMartha.[D]Takeherdaughtertohospital.14.[A]Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople.[B]Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.[C]Sheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman.[D]Sheisthebestinformedwomanintown.15.[A]Acardealer.[B]Amechanic.[C]Adrivingexaminer.[D]Atechnicalconsultant.16.[A]Theshoppingmallhasbeendesertedrecently.[B]Shopperscanonlyfindgoodstoresinthemall.[C]Lotsofpeoplemovedoutofthedowntownarea.[D]Thereisn’tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.17.[A]Hewillhelpthewomanwithherreading.[B]Theloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.[C]Hefeelssleepywheneverhetriestostudy.[D]Acozyplaceisratherhardtofindoncampus.18.[A]Toprotectherfromgettingscratches.[B]Tohelprelieveherofthepain.[C]Topreventmosquitobites.[D]Toavoidgettingsunburnt.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.[A]Inastudio.[B]Inaclothingstore.[C]Atabeachresort.[D]Atafashionshow.20.[A]Tolivetherepermanently.[B]Tostaythereforhalfayear.[C]Tofindabetterjobtosupportherself.[D]TosellleathergoodsforaBritishcompany.21.[A]Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies.[B]Modelingforaworld-famousItaliancompany.[C]WorkingasanemployeeforFerragamo.[D]ServingasasalesagentforBurberrys.22.[A]Ithasseenasteadydeclineinitsprofits.[B]Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.[C]Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeigncompanies.[D]Ithasattractedalotmoredesignersfromabroad.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.n23.[A]Ithelpshertoattractmorepublicattention.[B]Itimprovesherchanceofgettingpromoted.[C]Itstrengthensherrelationshipwithstudents.[D]Itenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter.24.[A]Passively.[B]Positively.[C]Skeptically.[D]Sensitively.25.[A]Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.[B]Herteachingwassomewhataffectedbyit.[C]Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.[D]Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.[A]Towinoverthemajorityofpassengersfromairlinesintwentyyears.[B]ToreformrailroadmanagementinwesternEuropeancountries.[C]ToelectrifytherailwaylinesbetweenmajorEuropeancities.[D]TosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope.27.[A]MajorEuropeanairlineswillgobankrupt.[B]Europeanswillpaymuchlessfortraveling.[C]TravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswillbecutbyhalf.[D]TrainswillbecomethesafestandmostefficientmeansoftravelinEurope.28.[A]Traintravelwillprovemuchmorecomfortablethanairtravel.[B]Passengerswillfeelmuchsaferonboardatrainthanonaplane.[C]Railtransportwillbeenvironmentallyfriendlierthanairtransport.[D]Travelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthan,byair.29.[A]In1981.[B]In1989.[C]In1990.[D]In2000.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.[A]Therecanbenospeedyrecoveryformentalpatients.[B]Approachestohealingpatientsareessentiallythesame.[C]Themindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole.[D]Thereisnocleardivisionoflaborinthemedicalprofession.31.[A]Adoctor’sfamestrengthensthepatients’faithinthem.[B]Abuseofmedicinesiswidespreadinmanyurbanhospitals.[C]Onethirdofthepatientsdependonharmlesssubstancesforcure.[D]Apatient’sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery.32.[A]Expensivedrugsmaynotprovethemosteffective.[B]Theworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover.[C]Doctorsoftenexaggeratetheeffectoftheirremedies.[D]Mostillnessescanbecuredwithoutmedication.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.[A]Enjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions.[B]Defyingalldangerswhentheyhaveto.[C]Beingfondofmakingsensationalnews.[D]Dreamingofbecomingfamousoneday.34.[A]Workinginanemergencyroom.[B]Listeningtorockmusic.[C]Watchinghorrormovies.[D]Doingdailyroutines.35.[A]Arockclimber.[B]Apsychologist.[C]Aresidentdoctor.[D]Acareerconsultant.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Ifyou’relikemostpeople,you’veindulgedinfakelisteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlook(36)________attheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,(37)_________inthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams.(38)__________youcomebacktoearth:Theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthenchalkboard,andyou(39)___________copyitinyounotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa(40)_________remark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou’veheardtheremarkandfounditmildly(41)__________.Youhaveavaguesenseof(42)________thatyouaren’tpayingcloseattention.Butyoutellyourselfthatany(43)__________youmisscanbepickedupfromafriend’snotes.Besides,(44)____________________.Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld,onlylaterdoyourealizeyou’vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fakelisteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakersaresensitivetofacialcuesandcantellifyou’remerelypretendingtolisten.(45)___________________.Evenifyouarenotexposedthere’sanotherreasontoavoidfakery.It’seasyforthisbehaviortobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthat(46)__________________________.Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformation.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswersheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Men,thesedays,areembracingfatherhoodwiththeround-the-clockinvolvementtheirpartnershavealwaysdreamedof—handlingnightfeedings,packinglunchesandbandagingknees.Butunlikewomen,manyfindthey’renegotiatingtheirnewroleswithlittlesupportorinformation.“Meninmygeneration(aged25-40)haveafearofbecomingdadsbecausewehavenorolemodels,”saysJonSmith,awriter.Theyoftenfindthemselvesexcludedfrommothers’supportnetworks,andareeyedwarily(警觉地)ontheplayground.Thechallengeisparticularlyevidentinthework-place.There,menarestillexpectedtobebreadwinnersclimbingthecorporateladder:traditionally-mindedbossesareoftenunsympathetictofamilyneeds.InDenmarkmostnewfathersonlytaketwoweeksofpaternityleave(父亲的陪产假)—eventhoughtheyareallowed34days.Asmuchasifnotmoresothanwomen,fathersstruggletobetakenseriouslywhentheyrequestflexiblearrangements.ThoughWilfried-FritzMaring,54,adata-bankandInternetspecialistwithGermanfirmFIZKarlsruhe,feelsthatthetimehespendswithhisdaughteroutweighsanydisadvantages,headmits,“WithmydecisiontoworkfromhomeIdismissedanyopportunityforpromotion.”Mind-sets(思维定势)arechanginggradually.WhenMaringhadadaughter,thecompanyequippedhimwithahomeofficeandallowedhimtochooseajobthatcouldbeperformedfromthere.DanishtelecomcompanyTDCinitiatedaninternalcampaignlastyeartoencouragedadstotakepaternityleave:97percentnowdo.“Whenanemployeegoesonpaternityleaveandiswithhiskids,hegetsanewkindoftraining:inhowtokeepcoolunderstress.”saysspokespersonChristineElbergHolm.Foranewgenerationofdads,kidsmaycomebeforethecompany-butit’sashiftthatbenefitsboth.47.Unlikewomen,menoftengetlittlesupportorinformationfrom.48.Besidessupportingthefamily,menwerealsoexpectedto.49.Likewomen,menhopethattheirdesireforaflexibleschedulewillbe.50.WhenMaringwasonpaternityleave,hewasallowedbyhiscompanytowork.51.ChristineHolmbelievespaternityleaveprovidesanewkindoftrainingformeninthatitcanhelpthemcopewith.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Likemostpeople,I’velongunderstoodthatIwillbejudgedbymyoccupation,thatmyprofessionisagaugepeopleusetoseehowsmartortalentedIam.Recently,however,IwasdisappointedtoseethatitalsodecideshowI’mtreatedasaperson.LastyearIleftaprofessionalpositionasasmall-townreporterandtookajobwaitingtables.Assomeonepaidtoservefoodtopeople.IhadcustomerssayanddothingstomeIsuspectthey’dneversayordototheirmostcasualacquaintances.Onenightamantalkingonhiscellphonewavedmeaway,thenbeckoned(示意)mebackwithhisfingerminutelater,complaininghewasreadytoorderandaskingwhereI’dbeen.Ihadwaitedtablesduringsummersincollegeandwastreatedlikeapeon(勤杂工)plentynofpeople.Butat19yearsold,IbelievedIdeservedinferiortreatmentfromprofessionaladults.Besides,peoplerespondedtomedifferentlyafterItoldthemIwasincollege.CustomerswouldjokethatonedayI’dbesittingattheirtable,waitingtobeserved.OnceIgraduatedItookajobatacommunitynewspaper.Frommyfirstday,Iheardarespectfultonefromeveryonewhocalledme.Iassumedthiswasthewaytheprofessionalworldworked—cordially.Isoonfoundoutdifferently.Isatseveralfeetawayfromanadvertisingsalesrepresentativewithasimilarname.OurcallswouldoftengetmixedupandsomeoneaskingforKristenwouldbetransferredtoChristie.Themistakewasimmediatelyevident.Perhapsitwasbecausemoneywasinvolved,butpeopleusedatonewithKristenthattheyneverusedwithme.Myjobtitlemadepeopletreatmewithcourtesy.Soitwasashocktoreturntotherestaurantindustry.It’snosecretthatthere’salottoputupwithwhenwaitingtables,andfortunately,muchofitcanbeeasilyforgottenwhenyoupocketthetips.Theserviceindustry,bydefinition,existstocatertoothers’needs.Still,itseemedthatmanyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant.I’mnowapplyingtograduatedschool,whichmeanssomedayI’llreturntoaprofessionwherepeopleneedtobenicetomeinordertogetwhattheywant,IthinkI’lltakethemtodinnerfirst,andseehowtheytreatsomeonewhoseonlyjobistoservethem.52.Theauthorwasdisappointedtofindthat_______.[A]one’spositionisusedasagaugetomeasureone’sintelligence[B]talentedpeoplelikehershouldfailtogetarespectablejob[C]one’soccupationaffectsthewayoneistreatedasaperson[D]professionalstendtolookdownuponmanualworkers53.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexampleinthesecondparagraph?[A]Somecustomerssimplyshownorespecttothosewhoservethem.[B]Peopleabsorbedinaphoneconversationtendtobeabsent-minded.[C]Waitressesareoftentreatedbycustomersascasualacquaintances.[D]Somecustomersliketomakeloudcomplaintsfornoreasonatall.54.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenwaitingtablesattheageof19?[A]Shefeltitunfairtobetreatedasamereservantbyprofessional.[B]Shefeltbadlyhurtwhenhercustomersregardedherasapeon.[C]Shewasembarrassedeachtimehercustomersjokedwithher.[D]Shefounditnaturalforprofessionalstotreatherasinferior.55.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“…manyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant”(Lines3-4,Para.7)?[A]Thosewhocatertoothers’needsaredestinedtobelookeddownupon.[B]Thoseworkingintheserviceindustryshouldn’tbetreatedasservants.[C]Thoseservingothershavetoputupwithroughtreatmenttoearnaliving.[D]Themajorityofcustomerstendtolookonaservantasservernowadays.56.Theauthorsaysshe’llonedaytakeherclientstodinnerinorderto________.[A]seewhatkindofpersontheyare[B]experiencethefeelingofbeingserved[C]showhergenerositytowardspeopleinferiortoher[D]arousetheirsympathyforpeoplelivingahumblelifePassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.Sure,someleftishbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstincomeinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestaringtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.News&WorldReport,whichheowns.“ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented(哀叹)the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouseholdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinaraw.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornia’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.nIt’spossiblethatplutocrats(有钱有势的人)areexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatory(没收性的)taxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefinanciallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.57.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?[A]Thefateoftheultrawealthypeople.[B]Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.[C]Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.[D]Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.58.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?[A]Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.[B]TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedcompaniestogobankrupt.[C]TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.[D]ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.59.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat________.[A]theveryricharefashion-conscious[B]theveryricharepoliticallysensitive[C]universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmerica[D]Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage60.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?[A]Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.[B]Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributesmosttosociety.[C]Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.[D]Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.61.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?[A]Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.[B]Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.[C]Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.[D].Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.PartVCloze(15minutes)In1915EinsteinmadeatriptoG?ttingentogivesomelecturesattheinvitationofthemathematicalphysicistDavidHilbert.Hewasparticularlyeager-tooeager,itwouldturn62-toexplainalltheintricaciesofrelativitytohim.Thevisitwasatriumph,andhesaidtoafriendexcitedly,“Iwasableto63Hilbertofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.”64allofEinstein’spersonalturmoil(焦躁)atthetime,anewscientificanxietywasaboutto65.Hewasstrugglingtofindtherightequationsthatwould66hisnewconceptofgravity,67thatwoulddefinehowobjectsmove68spaceandhowspaceiscurvedbyobjects.Bytheendofthesummer,he69themathematicalapproachhehadbeen70foralmostthreeyearswasflawed.Andnowtherewasa71pressure.Einsteindiscoveredtohis72thatHilberthadtakenwhathehadlearnedfromEinstein’slecturesandwasracingtocomeup73thecorrectequationsfirst.Itwasanenormouslycomplextask.AlthoughEinsteinwasthebetterphysicist,Hilbertwasthebettermathematician.SoinOctober1915Einstein74himselfintoamonth-longfranticendeavorin75hereturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategyandwrestledwithequations,proofs,correctionsandupdatesthathe76togiveaslecturestoBerlin’sPrussianAcademyofSciencesonfour77Thursdays.HisfirstlecturewasdeliveredonNov.4.1915,anditexplainedhisnewapproach,78headmittedhedidnotyethavetheprecisemathematicalformulationofit.Einsteinalsotooktimeofffrom79revisinghisequationstoengageinanawkwardfandango(方丹戈双人舞)withhiscompetitorHilbert.Worried80beingscooped(抢先),hesentHilbertacopyofhisNov.4lecture.“Iam81toknowwhetheryouwilltakekindlytothisnewsolution.”Einsteinnotedwithatouchofdefensiveness.62.[A]up[B]over[C]out[D]off63.[A]convince[B]counsel[C]persuade[D]preachn64.[A]Above[B]Around[C]Amid[D]Along65.[A]emit[B]emerge[C]submit[D]submerge66.[A]imitate[B]ignite[C]describe[D]ascribe67.[A]ones[B]those[C]all[D]none68.[A]into[B]beyond[C]among[D]through69.[A]resolved[B]realized[C]accepted[D]assured70.[A]pursuing[B]protecting[C]contesting[D]contending71.[A]complex[B]compatible[C]comparative[D]competitive72.[A]humor[B]horror[C]excitement[D]extinction73.[A]to[B]for[C]with[D]against74.[A]threw[B]thrust[C]huddled[D]hopped75.[A]how[B]that[C]what[D]which76.[A]dashed[B]darted[C]rushed[D]reeled77.[A]successive[B]progressive[C]extensive[D]repetitive78.[A]so[B]since[C]though[D]because79.[A]casually[B]coarsely[C]violently[D]furiously80.[A]after[B]about[C]on[D]in81.[A]curious[B]conscious[C]ambitious[D]ambiguousPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.82.Butformobilephones,___________________(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).83.Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation_____________________(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).84.TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning,_________________(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,______________(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).86.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_______________(他都不应该对法庭说谎).答案:快速阅读  1A)Raisingefficiency  2B)Cutenergyconsumption  3C)Getridofair-conditioners  4A)Asmallproportion(新东方选B)Somefortypercent错)  5D)Providingsubsidies  6A)Recyclingheatandenergy  7D)Wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods  8annualutility-billsavings.  9self-denial.n  10themarketitself.  听力  11.CCompromisewithhiscolleague.  12.BNancyregretsbuyingthedress.  13.AWashthedishes.  14.CSheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman.  15.BAmechanic.  16.DThereisn'tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.  17.BTheloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.  18.CTopreventmosquitobites.  19.AInastudio.  20.BTostaythereforhalfayear.  21.ADesigningfashionitemsforseveralcompanies.  22.BIthasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.  23.DItenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter.  24.BPositively.  25.CItvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.  26.DTosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope.  27.CTravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswillbecutbyhalf.  28.DTravelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthanbyair.  29.AIn1981.  30.CThemindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole.  31.DApatient'sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery.  32.BTheworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover.  33.AEnjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions.  34.DDoingdailyroutines.  35.BApsychologist.  36.squarely  37.floating  38.Occasionally  39.dutifully  40.witty  41.humorous  42.guiltn  43.material  44.theinstructor'stalkingaboutroadconstructioninancientRome,andnothingcouldbemoreboring  45.Yourblankexpression,andthefarawaylookinyoureyesarethecuesthatbetrayyouinattentiveness.  46.theyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomethingcomplexorinteresting  阅读简答  47frommother’ssupportnetwork.  48climbthecorporateladder.  49takenseriously.  50athome./inahomeoffice  51stress.  阅读SectionB  52COne’soccupationaffectsthewayoneistreatedasaperson.  53ASomecustomerssimplyshownorespecttothosewhoservethem.  54DShefounditnaturalforprofessionalstotreatherasinferior.  55BThoseworkingintheserviceindustryshouldn’tbetreatedasservants.  56ASeewhatkindofpersontheyare.  57CTheinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.  58CTheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth  59BTheveryricharepoliticallysensitive.  60CTheywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomics’integration.  61DForeigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.  完形  62.C)out  63.A)convince  64.C)Amid  65.B)emerge  66.C)describe  67.A)ones  68.D)through  69.B)realized  70.A)pursuing  71.D)competitive  72.B)horror  73.C)with  74.A)threw  75.D)which  76.C)rushed  77.A)successive  78.C)though  79.D)furiously  80.B)about  81.A)curious  翻译n  82ourcommunicationwouldnothavebeensorapidandconvenient  83nothingismorehelpfulthanasenseofhumor  84but(he)refusedtomakefurtherexplanation(fordoingso)/tofurtherexplainwhy  85whileanimalbehaviordependsmainlyupon(on)theirinstinct(s)  86shouldhelietothecourt
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