2005年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案

2005年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案

全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题第一部分选择题(共30分)I.Chooseoneanswerthatbestexplainstheunderlinedpartofthefollowingstatementsorbestcompletesthem:(30%)1.Afterthepresident’sspeech,thestockpriceslumpedby10percentyesterday.（）A.increasedB.droppedC.wavedD.showed2.Jackfinallyreachedabargainwiththeantiquedealeroverthevase.（）A.asanctionB.anapproachC.atraditionD.anagreement3.Thefollowingyear,ataxlawforjointventureswaspromulgated.（）A.draftedB.issuedC.broadcastD.proposed4.Salesforecastsareoutsidemyprovince—youshoulddiscussthemwiththemanager.（）A.problemB.programC.fieldD.task5.Theseeggshaveauniqueodorthatcanbeanadvantageoradisadvantage,dependingontheconsumer.（）A.anonlyB.apleasantC.adesirableD.anunusual6.“ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,”saystheChineseofficial.“AfterJapan,we’llbefirstinlineforretaliation.”（）A.revengeB.recoveryC.reflectionD.inflation7.Wearenotsafelybeyondabacklashagainstthenewworldcompetition.（）A.instanceB.resistanceC.momentD.background8.Ifcompaniescan’tgettheirproductsdistributednationwide,marketingthemwillbemoreexpensive.（）A.spreadB.spentC.contributedD.attributed9.Therealestatehasincreasinglybecomevulnerabletobusinesssetbacksandchangesofeconomicclimate.（）A.stronglyresistanttoB.graduallyaccustomedtoC.moreadaptedtoD.easilyattackedby10.Atfiveo’clockintheafternoonthecitystreetsareaseriesofbottlenecks.（）A.bottlingchambersB.narrowpartsofbottlesC.bottlenosesD.trafficjams11.Wehadadisputeabouthowmuchmoneyheowesme.（）A.disposeB.discountC.quarrelD.quota12.ThebilateralsurpluswithAmericaisalsogrowingrapidly.（）A.one-edgedB.two-edgedC.one-sidedD.two-sided13.TherewereseveralroundsofnegotiationbeforeChinaenteredWTO.（）A.mistakesB.sensesC.circlesD.sessions14.TheeconomiccrisishasseriouslyaffectedFrenchexports.（）A.effectedB.reflectedC.reducedD.increased15.FallingsalesinThailandwereoffsetbystrongperformancesinothermarkets.（）A.influencedB.bargained4全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题nC.offendedD.balanced第二部分非选择题(共70分)II.TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChinese:(10%)16.unfairtrade17.exclusivecontract18.percapitaincome19.long-termstrategy20.GATT21.financialcrisis22.traderepresentative23.physicalmarket24.financialderegulation25.sovereigntydisputeIII.TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish:(10%)26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税IV.ReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:(18%)Passage1InthepastfewdaysdifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanCommunityonfarmtradehavenarrowedalmosttonothing.AsaresulttheworldisnowclosetoconcludingtheUruguayroundofGATTtalks.Thatdealisadmittedlyfarfromperfect,aseriesofmessycompromises.Thecauseoffreetradewillhavemanymorebattlestofight.Nevermind.OnaconservativeestimatetheUruguayroundwouldpermanentlyraiseglobalwelfarebymorethan$100billionayear,spureconomicgrowtheverywhereandextendcompetitiontohithertosheltered,andthereforebackward,partsofalleconomies.Byanystandards,itwouldbeahugelyvaluableachievement.36.WhydoesthepassagesaythattheUruguayroundisclosetoconclusion?37.Whatdo“farfrom”and“sheltered”mean?38.HowcantheUruguayroundbedescribedbyanon-conservativeestimate?Passage2Nationswithseriousdebtproblems,suchasMexico,BrazilandArgentina,havebeencompelledtodevotealmostalltheirexportearningstodebtservice,leavingthemselveswithvirtuallynosurplustopayforimports.Withbarter,however,debtornationscancontinuetoimportgoodswhile,ineffect,concealingexportearningsfromcreditors.Butcountertradeisnottheexclusiveprovinceofdebtornations.SaysYoffie,“Evencountrieswithstrongforeignexchangepositions,suchasAustralia,CanadaandIndonesia,areinsistingoncountertradeincertainareas.Linkingimportsandexportsisawaytoexertpowerovermultinationalcorporations.Countriesthatlackexpertiseininternationalmarketingtrytousecountertradeasleveragetotapthenetworksofglobalfirms.”39.Whataretheadvantageanddisadvantageofbarter?40.Whatdoes“globalfirms”referto?41.Whydocountrieswithstrongforeignexchangepositionneedcountertrade?V.Readthefollowingtwopassagesanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.MarkTfortrueandFforfalseinthebracketsgiven:(20%)4全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题nPassage1HolstandCompany,amemberoftheNorthwestHolstGroup,hasintroducedflexibleworkinghoursforallitsstaffatitsheadoffice.ItclaimstobethefirstUKconstructioncompanytodothis.Thethree-monthtrialperiodisbeingconductedwiththeapprovaloftheoverwhelmingmajorityoftheheadoffices.All150employeesmustbeattheirjobduringthe“coretime”from10amto4pm,lessaone-ourlunchbreak.Theymaychoosearrivalanddeparturetimesfrom8to10amand4to6pm.150hourshavetobeputinovereachfourweekperiod.Creditordebittimeofupto7and1/2hoursmaybecarriedforwardtothenextfour-weekperiod.HengstlerFlextimerecordingequipmentisbeingusedforthetrial.ThemanagingdirectorofHolst,MrColinCashmore,commented,“Thisisanexerciseinresponsibility.Weregardourstaffasveryresponsiblepeopleanditisonlyonthisbasisthattheflexibleworkinghourssystemcansucceed.”Heemphasizedthatifafterthetrialamajorityofthestaffwasopposedtothesystem,itwouldnotbecontinued.If,ontheotherhand,itprovedsuccessful,thecompanywouldconsiderextendingFlextimetoitsotherofficesthroughoutthecountry.Statements:42.TheNorthwestHolstGrouphasintroducedflexibleworkinghoursforallitsstaffatitsheadoffice.（）43.Everyemployeemustbeathisorherjobduringthe“coretime”from10amto4pm,includingaone-hourlunchbreak.（）44.All150employeesarefreetochoosetheirarrivalanddeparturetimesduringtheday.（）45.IfallthestaffofHolstandCompanywerenotresponsible,theflexibleworkinghourssystemcouldnotsucceed.（）46.HolstandCompanyhasdecidedtocarryouttheflexibleworkinghourssystemevenifthemajorityofthestaffisopposedtoit.（）Passage2Japan’seconomyisinthemostwrenchingadjustmentsincetheoil-priceshockoftheearly1970s.Theoptimistshavepredictedthatthepowerhouseeconomyissufferingonlyatemporaryslowdown.Yetvirtuallyeverykeyindicatorcontinuestodeteriorate.Themuch-vaunted“softlanding”iscleaningnotinthecards.Recoveryisfurtherawaythanmanypeopleimagine,anditwillbeslowanderraticwhenitdoescome.Alarmedattherapidasset-priceinflationofthemid-1980s,bureaucratsintervenedtoheadoffacrash.Unfortunately,theeconomydidn’tcooperate.Assetpricestumbledprecipitously,withtherealestateandstockmarketsembarkingonasteadyslidethatmanybelievehasyettohitbottom.JapandippeddecidedlyintorecessionasGDPfell0.2％inthesecondquarterof1992,0.4%inthethirdand0.3%inthefourth.Industrialoutputshrank6.1%lastyear.Nowwe’restartingtoseebankruptciesbyindustrialandservicecompanies.Therecessionisnolongerconfinedtothebubbleeconomy-ithasenteredtherealeconomy.Japanesecompaniesdohaveanimpressivetrackrecordofrespondingtocrisissituations.Theyreboundedveryquicklyfromtheoil-priceshockin1973andmorerecentlyoffsettherisingYenbyboostingproductivityandshiftingoperationsoverseas.Thistimearound,however,theyfaceamuchharderandlongerroadtorecovery.RecessionisgoingtobeverydifficultforJapan.Therestructuringtrendmayitselfexacerbatetheproblem.Totrytoshoreupfalteringprofits,companieswillslashcapitalinvestmentandemployeebenefits.Thisinturnwillfurtherdamageconsumerconfidence.Around20%ofJapan’sGNPcomesfrombusinessinvestment,withawhopping60%fromconsumerspending.Consumerconfidencehasalsobeenhurtbylayoffsandcutsinovertimepayandbonuses.Foralongtimetherehavebeenmorenewjoboffersthantherewereseekers,butthishasfallenrecently.FormostJapanesethisisanextraordinaryoccurrence.Statements:47.Japan’seconomyisinthemostwrenchingadjustmentsincetheoil-priceshockoftheearly1970s.Here“themostwrenchingadjustment”means“themostpainlessadjustment”.（）48.AsGNPfellsuccessivelyandtherearebankruptciesinsomecompanies,wecansayforcertainthattheeconomy4全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题nisundoubtedlyinrecession.（）49.Japaneseindustrieswereknowntoberemarkablyflexibleinadjustingtoeconomiccrisis.Thistimeit’sgoingtobeverydifficultforthemtoemergefromrecession.（）50.ConsumerconfidenceisvitallyimportanttoJapan’seconomy,becauseemployeebenefitswereslashed.（）51.TherecentoccurrenceoflayoffsandcutsinovertimepayandbonusesisquiteunusualtomostJapanese,asforalongtimetherehavebeenmorejoboffersthanseekers.（）VI.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese:(12%)Barterenduredforthousandsofyearsastheprimarymeansoftrade.Colonialpowersforcedbilateralbarterupontheirclientstates,makingthecoloniestakeexpensivemanufacturedgoodsinreturnforbargain-pricerawmaterials,andprohibitingthemfromtradingwithothernations.Internationaltradewassupposedtobefreedfrombartering’sconstraintsinJuly1944,whendiplomatsandeconomistsattendedtheUnitedNationsMonetaryandFinancialConferenceatBrettonWoods,NewHampshire.4全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题