2012年12月英语六级考前终极预测3套题+答案!

2012年12月英语六级考前终极预测3套题+答案!

2012年12月大学英语六级考试全真预测试卷1　　PartIWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:OverseasStudyatanEarlyAge.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习　　2.形成这种趋势的原因　　3.我对此的看法　　OverseasStudyatanEarlyAge　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-4,mark　　Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;　　N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;　　NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.　　Forquestion5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.n　　TheNextDisaster:AreWeReady?　　AreWeReallyPrepared?　　AftertheattacksonSeptember11andthehurricanesthatslammedtheGulfCoastlastyear,you'dexpectourmajorcitiestobereadywithdisasterplansthatwillsavelivesandproperty.There'snodoubtwe'llbehitagain—maybeevenharder—becausethelistofpossiblecalamities(灾难)islong:fromabirdflupandemictoamassiveCaliforniaearthquake,tomoremonsterstorms,toanotherterroristattack.　　Butarewereallypreparedtoprotectpeople,aswellastheirhomesandbusinesses?Everymajorurbanareahasreceivedfederalfunding,muchofitfromtheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity(DHS),inordertomaketheircitiesmoresecure.Buttherearenosetcriteriaformeasuringpreparedness(thefedsareworkingonthat),andthequalityofdisasterplansvarieswidelythroughoutthecountry.　　Sowedecidedtodoanindependentassessmentof10high-riskurbanareas,focusingonkeysecurityindicators.Weanalyzedpublicdata,consultedwithfederalandlocalemergencyworkers,andcontactedthemayors'officestogauge(测量)thereadinessofthesecitiestomeetbothnaturalandman-madedisasters.　　Ourcriteriafellunderthreemaincategories:EmergencyReadiness,CrisisCommunications,andMedicalResponse.　　EmergencyReadinessn　　Arethereatleast1,000firstresponders(suchaspolice,fireandEMTs)per100,000residents?They'reourfirstlineofprotectioninalmostanydisastersituation—professionalswhoaretrainedtohandleeverythingfromrescuingvictimstoprovidingfirstaid,toenforcingquarantines(封锁),todirectingtrafficforevacuations(疏散).　　Aretherefederalsearch-and-rescueteamsbasedwithin50miles?Largecitiesoftenhavespecializedteamstodealwithsuchthingsashigh-rise-buildingrescuesorhazardouschemicalspills.Butthesesquadsaresometimessmall,ill-equipped,orrunonashoestring.Thisisnottrueoffederalurbansearch-and-rescuetaskforcesthattheDHSsupportsacrossthecountry.Eachtaskforceismadeof62membersand4canines,aswellasa"comprehensivecache"ofequipment.DHStaskforcesarenotautomaticallyassigned;acityneedstoapplyandpresentitscase.　　Hasthecityorstateearned"greenstatus"fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention?Supposethatinthemidstofaflupandemicorbioterrorattack,yourcityranlowoncriticalmedicines.TheCDCstandsreadytohelpbydistributingdrugsandmedicalequipmentfromitsStrategicNationalStockpile.Buttheagencywantstoknowthatacityorstateisabletoquicklymobilizehundredsofhealthworkersandvolunteerstrainedtohandlethelogistics,andhasspacesetasideforstorageandrefrigeration.You'rebestoffifyourcityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus"—evenifthestateitselfhasnot—becauseitmeanslocalhealthteamscanhandlethesuppliesontheirown.　　Doesthecitywebsiteexplainclearlywhattodoincaseofevacuation?WhocanforgettheimagesofstrandedNewOrleansresidents,orthe5-mphcrawloutofHouston?ItturnedoutthatNewOrleans'sevacuationplanswerebothinadequateandpoorlycommunicated.Onewaycitiescannavoidasimilarnightmareistoputclearandeasy-to-findevacuationinformationontheirwebsites.Somecities,suchasBostonandWashington,postthepreferredstreetroutes.Others,likeLasVegas,won'tdisclosedetailsduetosecurityfears,buttheirwebsitesmayprovidewaystoquicklygetevacuationdetailswhenyouneedthem(suchasnumberstocalloralertservicesyoucansignupfor).Amongthemoreimportantthingstoaddressarepeoplewithoutvehiclesoftheirown(ahugefailinginNewOrleans)andinstructionsforpetowners.　　Doesthewebsiteincludedetailsforresidentswithspecialneeds?InJuly1995,aviciousheatwavekillednearly500peopleinChicago;adisproportionatenumberofthemwereolderresidentswholivedalone.Inanycrisis,theelderlyanddisabledcanbeuniquelyvulnerable.That'swhycitiessuchasHoustonarecreatingregistriesofresidentswhowouldneedspecialhelp.Suchlistswouldindicate,forinstance,thatacertainpersoninacertainapartmentbuildingiswheel-chair-bound.Othercitiesareinstructingpeoplewithdisabilitiestocall911forassistance—thoughthisreliesonphonesystemsthatcouldbeoverloadedorgodead.Ifacity'sdisasterplanningshowsnoawarenessofspecial-needspeople,itisn'tcomplete.CrisisCommunications　　Canfirstresponders—police,fireandmedical—talktooneanother?OnSeptember11,firefightersdiedinsidetheWorldTradeCenterbecausetheycouldnotmakecontactwithpolicehelicopterstryingtoradiowarnings.Incompatiblecommunicationsisacountry-wideproblem,andconvertingorreplacingdecades-oldradiosystemscanbealong,expensiveprocess.Citieshavegottenabigboostifthey'vetakenpartinRapidCom,aDHSprogramprovidingtechnicalassistanceandtrainingthatspeedsupthetransition.n　　HasthecityadoptedE911?Manycitieshaveupgradedtheir911callcentersinrecentyears,butthey'reevenbetterpreparedifthey'veincorporated"E911"(or"enhanced911").Thistechnologyenablesemergencyoperatorstoidentifythepreciselocationofcell-phonecallersthroughGPSsystems.Ifyouwindupstrandedinfloodwaters,E911couldsaveyourlife.　　Doesthecityprovide24-houremergencyalerts?Whatifanevacuationordergoesout,butit's3a.m.andyou'resoundasleep?Notaproblemifyourcityhasawayofalertingyouatanytimeofday.Somerelyonstreetsirens(警报器)todothetrick.Othershaveusedtheirwebsitestoinviteresidentstosignupfore-mailnotificationsorautomatedphonecallsinanemergency.　　MedicalResponse　　Arethereatleast500hospitalbedsforevery100,000residents?Gettingtovictimsquicklyisacriticalfirststep.Butyou'dbetterhaveaplacetotakethemfortreatment.Areasonablestandard,accordingtopreparednessexperts,is500hospitalbedsforevery100,000people—aratiothatwouldlikelymeanacitycouldfindenoughsparebedsinanemergency.Ofcourse,bedsalonewon'tshelpamassivenumberofburnvictimsorpeoplesufferingfromchemicalexposureunlessthehospitalispreparedtotreatthem.Butallthecitiesinoursurveyhavespecialtyunitsintheirhospitalsthatcanhandlesuchcases.　　Arelocalteamstrainedtorespondquicklyandworktogether?Ifandurbanareawastargetedbyweaponsofmassdestruction,cityhealthofficialscouldn'tjustwaitforfederalhelptoarrive.Firstrespondersandhospitalwouldneedtoreactrightaway.Theycouldalsoneedmedicalvolunteers—say,tohelpvaccinatepeopleordistributemedicinesandsupplies.Howtoensurenthatalltheseprofessionalsandvolunteersworktogetherasseamlesslyaspossible?IfacityispartofDHS'sMetropolitanMedicalResponseSystem,ithasobtainedfederalassistanceindevelopingplans,andhasreceivedcriticaltrainingandequipment.　　Aretherelabsnearbythatspecializeinbiologicalandchemicalthreats?TheCDCisonthecuttingedgewithitsLaboratoryResponseNetwork—integratedlabsnationwidethathavetheequipmentandexpertisetoquicklyidentifypathogensandtoxicchemicals.AnLRNlabinFloridawasthefirsttodetectanthrax(炭疽热)interroristmailingsin2001.Laboratoriescanbemembersonlyiftheyhavehighlytrainedstaffandexceptionalfacilities,aswellastrackrecordoftestingaccuracy.AhandfulofLRNlabsqualifyas"Level1",meaningtheycantestforchemicalpoisonssuchasmustardandnerveagents.　　1.Abirdflu,amassiveearthquake,amonsterstormandaterroristattackareallthreatstomajorcitiesintheU.S.　　2.Theauthordoesanassessmentofallhigh-riskurbanareasintheU.S.　　3.Policemen,firemenandemergencydoctorsallcanbecalledfirstresponders.　　4.Eachfederalurbansearch-and-rescuetaskforceismadeupofatleast60members.　　5.IfacityhasearnedtheCDC'sgreenstatus"greenstatus",itmeansthatitslocalhealthteamscan________ontheirown.　　6.YoucangetevacuationdetailsthroughthewaysprovidedbythewebsiteofLasVegasthoughitdoesn'tdisclosethedetailsdueto________.n　　7.Incompatiblecommunicationsisacountry-wideproblemintheU.S.becauseofthe________whichshouldbeconvertedorreplaced.　　8.Emergencyoperatorscanidentifythepreciselocationofcell-phonecallersthroughGPSsystemswiththeuseof________.　　9.Accordingtopreparednessexperts,ifacityhasatleast500hospitalbedsforevery100,000residents,itcouldfind________inanemergency.　　10.AsapartofDHS'sMetropolitanMedicalResponseSystem,acitycanobtain________indevelopingplans.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked.[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.11.[A]$80.[B]$60.[C]$90.[D]$15.　　12.[A]Heloveshispresentwork.[B]Heisgoingtoopenastore.n　　[C]Heisabouttoretire.[D]Heworksinarepairshop.　　13.[A]MaryisgoingtoHawaii.[B]Maryhasbeentomanycountries.　　[C]Marylikespostcards.[D]Maryistravelingonbusiness.　　14.[A]Tosavethemoneyforalongtime.　　[B]Tobuyanewcar.　　[C]Topurchaseausedcar.　　[D]Togetasecondcar.　　15.[A]Deliveryservicemanageranddriver.　　[B]Teacherandstudent.　　[C]Lawyerandclient.　　[D]Doctorandpatient.　　16.[A]Newshoppingcentersareverycommon.　　[B]Theshoppingcenterisveryold.　　[C]Thecityneedsmoreshoppingcenters.　　[D]Theoldhouseshouldbeturnedintostores.n　　17.[A]Theyarehavingaparty.[B]Theyareplayingthepiano.　　[C]Someoneelseishavingaparty.[D]Someoneelseisfunny.　　18.[A]Shewashurtbytheman.[B]Shelosthertemper.　　[C]Shedidn'tspeaktoherhusband.[D]Shemissedthedinnerparty.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.[A]Computersalesnegotiations.　　[B]Apreliminaryinterview.　　[C]AnInternetseminarmeeting.　　[D]Computergames.　　20.[A]Hemanagedthesalesdepartment.　　[B]HegaveseminarsontheInternet.　　[C]Heworkedasacustodian.　　[D]Hedesignedsoftware.　　21.[A]Awebpageauthoringprogram.　　[B]Akindofbeverage.n　　[C]Acomputergame.　　[D]Akindofsoftware.　　22.[A]ShewillcallMr.Taylorinthenextfewdays.　　[B]Shewilltalkovertheirdiscussionwithothers.　　[C]ShewillaskhercolleaguestocallMr.Taylor.　　[D]Shewillnotcontacthimforfurtherconsideration.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.[A]Raisingmoney.[B]Gatheringsupportfromothers.　　[C]Givingspeeches.[D]Choosingtheofficialcandidateforeachpoliticalparty.　　24.[A]Interviews.[B]Televisionads.　　[C]Playingwithchildren[D]Speeches.　　25.[A]ThereareseveralsmallpartiesintheU.S.　　[B]ThereareonlytwopartiesintheU.S.　　[C]ThemostpowerfulpartyintheU.S.istheDemocrats.　　[D]ThemostpowerfulpartyintheU.S.istheRepublicans.n　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.　　PassageOne　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.[A]British.[B]Americans.[C]Germans.[D]Japanese.　　27.[A]Entirelyeffective.[B]Totallyincorrect.　　[C]Acompletefailure.[D]Quitedifficult.　　28.[A]Haveagreatersenseofduty.　　[B]Cangethigherpay.　　[C]Canavoidworkinghard.　　[D]Canavoidbusytraffic.PassageTwo　　Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.n　　29.[A]Ahousewife.[B]Asinger.[C]Ateacher.[D]Amusician.　　30.[A]Theviolinwastooheavyforher.　　[B]Shewastooyoungtoplaytheviolin.　　[C]Theviolinwastooexpensive.　　[D]Hermotherwantedhertoplaythepiano.　　31.[A]Toplaytheviolinonaconcert.　　[B]TogotoNewYorkCity.　　[C]Toapplyforascholarship.　　[D]Tohaveherperformancetaped　　32.[A]In1928.[B]In1982.[C]In1980.[D]In1920.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.[A]WinterinAlaska.　　[B]ThebraveAlaskanpeople.　　[C]Alaskantransportationtoday.n　　[D]Adogsledrace.　　34.[A]EveryyearinMarch.[B]Everyotheryear.　　[C]Fromtwotothreeweeks.[D]Thewinterof1925.　　35.[A]Winning.[B]Findinggold.[C]Justtofinish.[D]Beingabletoparticipate.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　Manyworkersdependonplans(36)________bytheiremployerstohelppayfortheirretirement.Therearetwomajorkindsofretirementplans.Oneisdefinedbywhatispaidout,theotherbywhatispaidin.　　Thefirstiscalledadefined(37)________plan,orpension.Itprovidesset(38)________basedonthenumberofyearsan(39)________hasworked.Theseplansoftenpayforhealthcareandothercosts.Theymightalsoprovidemoneytofamilymemberswhenthe(40)________dies.n　　Pensions,however,canbeabigcosttoemployers.IntheUnitedStates,thechangefroma(41)________economytoaserviceeconomyhasresultedinfewerandfewer(42)________plans.　　Theothermajorkindofretirementplaniscalledadefined(43)________plan.Twothingsdefinehowmuchaworkerwillgetatretirement.(44)________________________.　　Onepopularversionisafour-oh-one-kplan,namedafterapartofthetaxlaw.(45)________________________.　　Butsomeplansareverycomplex.AneasierwayforsmallemployerstoofferretirementsavingsisthroughaSavingsIncentiveMatchPlan.(46)________________________.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Bythemind-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns(酒馆),andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halfoftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatnsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernfridge,hadbeeninvented.　　Makinganefficienticeboxasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary(未发展的).Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappinguptheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.　　Butasearlyas1803,andingeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.47.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?　　48.WherewasiceusedaftertheCivilWar?　　49.Whatwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigerationaccordingtothepassage?n　　50.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetheoreticalfoundationoficeboxshouldbethat________.　　51.Withoutanicebox,farmershadtogotothemarketatnightbecause________.　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.　　PassageOne　　Questions52to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Racket,dinclamor,noise.Whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica'smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople'shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds—sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.　　Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoyancethebasisofmanynoiseabatement(消除)programs.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthnhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingsmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.　　Ofthemanyhealthhazardsrelatedtonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesannoyanceandirritabilityinhealthypersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthosealreadyillinmindorbody.　　Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessaryamountsofrest.　　why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbetweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotvetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.　　52.Thephrase"immuneto"(Line3,Para.1)areusedtomean________.　　[A]unaffectedby[B]hurtbyn　　[C]unlikelytobeseenby[D]unknownby　　53.Theauthor'sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas________.　　[A]unrealistic[B]traditional[C]concerned[D]hysterical　　54.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?　　[A]Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.　　[B]Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.　　[C]Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.　　[D]Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.　　55.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit________.　　[A]isagainstthelaw[B]canmakesomepeopleirritable　　[C]isanuisance[D]isadangertopeople'shealth　　56.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe________.　　[A]unimportant[B]impossible　　[C]awasteofmoney[D]essential　　PassageTwon　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　FreshwaterlifeitselfhasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversinceTheOldTestament(旧约全书),Godpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain.Watersuppliesherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.　　Theregion'sacceleratingpopulation,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsaavailability.Warandmismanagementwasteit.SaidJoyceStarroftheGlobalWaterSummitInitiative,basedinWashington,D.C."NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyaresuingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened."　　Icameheretoexaminethiscrisisinthemaking,toinvestigatefearsthat"waterwars"areimminent,thatwaterhasreplacedoilastheregion'smostcontentiouscommodity.FormorethantwomonthsItraveledthroughthreerivervalleysandsevennations—fromsouthernTurkeydowntheEuphratesRivertoSyria,Iraq,andontoKuwait;toIsraelandJordan,neighborsacrossthevalleyoftheJordan;tothetimelessEgyptianNile.　　Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.comparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichin1990hadfreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmeters(2.6milliongallons)ayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhad5,500,Turkeyhad4,000,andSyriahadmorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialwasnonly1,100.Israelhad460.Jordanhadameager260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.　　Scarcityisonlyoneelementofthecrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifnationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligiousrivalries,waterseldomstandsaloneasanissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromtrustingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Here,wherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterandsupplyitsowntruth.　　AsIsraelihydrologyprofessorUriShamirtoldme:"Ifthereispoliticalwillforpeace,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillgiveyouampleopportunities."57.Whydoestheauthorusethephrase"fornextNovember"(Line3,Para.1)?　　[A]AccordingtotheOldTestamentfreshwaterisavailableonlyinNovember.　　[B]RainfallcomesonlyinwinterstartingfromNovember.　　[C]RunningwatersystemswillnotbereadyuntilnextNovember.　　[D]ItisacustominthatregionthatirrigationtocropsisdoneonlyinNovember.　　58.WhatisNOTthecausefortheimminentwaterwar?n　　[A]Lackofwaterresources.[B]Lackofrainfall.　　[C]Inefficientuseofwater.[D]Waterhasreplacedoil.　　59.Onewayfortheregiontousewaterefficientlyisto________.　　[A]developotherenterprisesthatcostlesswater　　[B]drawaplanofirrigationforthevariousnations　　[C]importwaterfromwater-richnations　　[D]stopwarsofanysortforgoodandall　　60.UriShamir'sviewpointisthat________.　　[A]nationsinthatregionarejustfightingforwater　　[B]peopletherearethirstyforpeaceinsteadofwater　　[C]waterisnoproblemaslongasthereispeace　　[D]thosenationshaveeveryreasontofightforwater　　61.Theauthor'stoneinthearticlecanbedescribedas________.　　[A]depressing[B]urgent[C]joking[D]mocking　　PartVErrorCorrection(15minutes)n　　Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.　　Example:　　Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods.1.time/times/period　　Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliterature2./studyoftelevision.3.theQ　　asaschoolsubjectarevalidfor　　TheEuropeanUnionhadapprovedanumberof　　geneticallymodifiedcropsuntillate1998.Butgrowing　　publicconcernoveritssupposedenvironmentalandhealth62.________　　risksledseveralEUcountriestodemandamoratorium(暂时　　禁止)onimportsofanynewGMproduce.Bylate1999　　therewereenoughsuchcountrytoblockanynewapprovals63.________　　ofGMproduce.Lastyear,Americafiledacomplaintatthen　　WTOaboutthemoratorium,arguingthatitwasanillegal　　tradebarrierbecausethereisnoscientificbaseforit.64.________　　Asmorestudieshavebeencompletedontheeffectsof　　GMcrops,thegreens'caseforthemhasweakened.65.________　　Muchevidencehasemergedofhealthrisksfromeatingthem.66.________　　And,overall,thestudieshaveshownthattheenvironmental　　effectsonmodifiedcropsarenotalwaysasseriousasthe67.________　　greensclaim.Nevertheless,environmentalistscontinuetofind　　faultofsuchstudiesandarguethattheyareinconclusive.68.________　　WhileAmericansseembehappyenoughtoconsume69.________　　foodmadefromGMcrops,opinionpollscontinuetoshow　　thtEuropeanconsumersdisliketheidea.Europeansseembe　　takingtheattitudewhich,sincethereremainstheslightest70.________　　possibilityofadverseconsequencesandsinceitisclearhow71.________　　they,asconsumers,benefitfromGMcrops,theywouldn　　rathernotruntherisk.　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.　　72.TheGrandCanyonis________________(最宽处达两万四千米).　　73.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,________________(你现在就能完成工作了).　　74.Inviewofthepracticalneedofsociety,________________(有越来越多的人对学习英语感兴趣).　　75.Agoodbookisabestfriend________________(从不拒绝我们).　　76.ItwasnotuntillastFriday________________(他读完了他妈妈送给他的那本书).2010年6月大学英语六级考试全真预测试卷三答案详解　　PartIWriting　　OverseasStudyatanEarlyAge　　Nowadays,moreandmoreparentsareeagertosendtheirchildrentostudyabroadbeforetheyfinishhighschoolbywhatevermeansandatwhatevercost.　　Itisquiteunderstandableforparentstosendtheirchildrentostudyoverseasbecausetheyplacehighexpectationsontheirchildren.Theyareencouragedbythesuccessstoriesofthosenwhohavecompletedtheiroverseasstudy.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,companiesandinstitutionsathomearegivingmoreandmoreemphasisonoverseasexperiences,too.　　Consequently,pursuingoverseasstudyhasbecomeakindofshortcutingainingabetterfuture.Moreover,thereisstilloneunderlyingreasonforthisrush-economicreason.TherapideconomicprogressinthepastfewyearsinChinahasenabledmoreandmoreparentstoaffordthehugecostfortheirchildren’soverseasstudy.　　Asforme,overseasstudyissurelyahelpfulwaytogetbothadvancedknowledgeandnecessaryexperiences,butoverseasstudyatanearlyageisneithernecessarynorbeneficial.Thestudentsmaybetooyoungtoeithertendforthemselvesorthinkforthemselves.Idothinkthatoverseasstudycancontributetoone’sself-improvement,butit’sbettertobepursuedafteronehasfinishedhiscollegestudyathome,whenheismorecapableoflearningandlivingonhisown.　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning).　　1.Y根据题干中的信息词birdflu和majorcities定位到第一个小标题下的第一段，可知作者认为主要城市还会遭受袭击，因为有很多灾难可能发生，包括禽流感、大地震、暴风雨、恐怖袭击等，再结合全文可知，本文是针对美国城市展开的，故该句表述正确。　　2.NG根据题干中的信息词assessment和high-riskurbanareas定位到第一个小标题下的第三段，可知作者等人对l0个高危城市地区进行了独立评估，主要针对的是安全指数，但文章并没有说明受评估的l0个城市地区是否涵盖了美国所有的高危城市。n　　3.Y根据题干中的信息词policemen和firstresponders定位到第二个小标题下的第一段，可知括号中的内容是对firstresponders的解释说明，即警察、消防员和急诊医士(EMTs)等都是firstresponders，故该句表述正确。　　4.N根据题干中的信息词search-and-rescuetaskforce和madeupof定位到第二个小标题下的第二段，可知联邦城市搜救特遣部队都是由DHS扶持的，每支特遣部队都由62名队员、4只狗和各种仪器组成，故该句表述错误。　　5.handlethesupplies。根据题干中的信息词CDC's“greenstatus”和localhealthteams定位到第二个小标题下第三段的最后，可知如果你所在的城市获得了greenstatus那是最好不过了，因为那意味着地方医疗队可以自己应对补给问题，由此可得答案。　　6.securityfears。根据题干中的信息词evacuationdetails和LasVegas定位到第二个小标题下的倒数第二段，可知拉斯维加斯等城市出于安全考虑，不在网站上公布疏散细节，但当你有需要时，网站可以提供电话号码等可以迅速获得疏散的方式。　　7.decades-oldradiosystems。根据题干中的信息词incompatiblecommunications和converted定位到第三个小标题下的第一段，可知通信不畅是全国(美国)性的问题，而修整或更换已使用数十年的无线电系统既费时又费钱，由此推断，通信不畅的原因是无线电系统年久失修，因此可得答案。　　8.“E911”/“enhanced911”。根据题干中的信息词preciselocation和GPSsystems定位到第三个小标题下的第二段，可知E911使得处理紧急事故者可以通过全球定位系统确定打手机者的准确位置，由此可得答案。n　　9.enoughsparebeds。根据题干中的信息词preparednessexperts、500和100，000定位到最后一个小标题下的第一段，可知预备专家指出，一个城市只有每10万人拥有500张病床，才能在紧急事故中找到足够多的空床位，由此可得答案。　　10.federalassistance。根据题干中的信息词MetropolitanMedicalResponseSystem和developingplans定位到最后一个小标题下第二段的最后，可知一个城市如果属于DHS的城市医疗应对系统，就可以得到联邦政府在发展计划上的援助，还可以得到重要的培训和设备，由此可得答案。　　PartIIIListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　11.B综合推断题。女士说自己想买那件绿色的外套，但是需要75美元，所以买了棕色的，节省了l5美元，计算可知棕色的外套是60美元，故选B。　　12.C综合推断题。通过男士所说Iamcountingthedaysuntilretirement.可知，他即将退休，所以C正确。　　13.C信息明示题。通过男士说的Shehasacollectionofcardsfromallovertheworld可知，玛丽喜欢收集明信片，所以C正确。　　14.B综合推断题。男士认为从长远看买新车省钱，所以他建议女士买新车，故选B。　　15.D综合推断题。女士说每四小时服药一次，不过可能会产生睡意，所以建议男士服药后不要开车，由此推断，对话双方是医生和病人的关系，所以D正确。n　　16.A综合推断题。男士说要拆掉旧房子建新的购物中心，女士反问了一句：“再建一个购物中心?”然后说了一个肯定句“这可没什么新鲜的”。由此推断，女士认为购物中心太普遍了，所以选A。　　17.C信息明示题。女士说It’sJohn.Hehasguestsover…由此可知谈话双方在谈论晚会上的另一个人约翰，所以C正确。A选项很有干扰力。由男士所说的Itsoundslikeyouarehavingawonderfulnight可知，男士并未参加party，所以排除A。　　18.A综合推断题。女士说她不能原谅男士在饭桌上对自己的那种态度。男士说：“我说对不起了，还需要再说一次吗?”由此推断，女士上次是被男士伤害了，故选A。ConversationOne　　19.B综合推断题。女士一开始就让男士介绍自己之前的工作，接着还说明他们在找能创建并管理公司网站的人，再结合男士的回答可知，这是一段面试对话，故选B。　　20.C综合推断题。男士说自己的上一份工作每天晚上都要和电脑打交道，但他并不会网站设计，也不知道Java和JavaScript是什么，由此可排除B、D，对话也并未提到有关销售的内容，故排除A，所以选C(他是看管人)。　　21.B综合推断题。女士问男士是否有关于Java或JavaScript的经验，男士回答说自己曾经在外国咖啡店里试过Java，由此推断，他认为Java是一种饮料，故选B。　　22.D综合推断题。男士在整个谈话过程中答非所问，女士通过男士的回答显然清楚了他根本不是公司所需要的人，因此她不会考虑让男士来工作或再次面试，We’llbeintouch只是她委婉拒绝的一种方式，故选D。　　ConversationTwon　　23.D信息明示题。男士说总统选举需要一个长期的过程，首先要确定每个政党的官方候选人。而筹集资金、获得政党成员的支持、发表演讲等都是候选人所要做的准备工作，故排除A、B、C，选D。　　24.C信息明示题。男士指出，想要成为政党候选人就要筹集资金、获得政党成员的支持、发表演讲、与社区领导会面、参加辩论等，而在经过数月的电视广告、采访、演讲和亲吻孩子之后，才会进行最终的总统选举。在众多参选方式中，并没有提到和孩子玩耍，故选C。　　25.A信息明示题。男士最后指出，美国有许多政党，但大多数政党规模都很小，只有民主党和共和党这两个政党有较大的影响力，但并没有提及哪一个影响力更大，故选A。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　26.C信息明示题。由文章开头可知，灵活工作时间机制由德国人发明，所以C正确。　　27.A综合推断题。先读选项再结合文中的Thesystemhasprovedanalmosttotalsuccesswhereverithasbeentried一句可知，这套系统是相当成功的，所以A正确。　　28.D信息明示题。先读选项再结合文中第二段列出的灵活工作时间的好处可知，其主要优点之一是避开交通高峰期的道路拥挤，所以D正确。　　PassageTwo　　29.D信息明示题。由文章第一段可知，她的母亲是个音乐家，所以D正确。　　30.C信息明示题。由文章中的theviolinwas，afterall，worthmorethan$20，000可知，母亲不让她动小提琴的原因是那把琴很贵，所以C正确。n　　31.D信息明示题。由文章中的shemustmakeatapeandIwilltakeittotheUnitedStates可知，约翰斯顿要把梅岛莉的演出录制成磁带带到美国去，所以D正确。　　32.B信息明示题。由文章最后一句可知，梅岛莉于l892年搬到纽约城，所以B正确。　　PassageThree　　33.D主旨题。结合文章第三句及其后面的内容可知，文章主要讲述了阿拉斯加狗拉雪橇比赛，所以D正确。　　34.A信息明示题。根据TheracefromAnchoragetoRomewhichisheldinMarch…可知，狗拉雪橇比赛是在每年三月举行，所以A正确。　　35.C信息明示题。文章最后一句指出，对于大多数人而言，能够完成比赛就是取得了胜利，所以C正确。　　SectionC　　36.offered37.benefit38.payments39.employee　　40.pensioner41.manufacturing42.traditional43.contribution　　44.Thefirstishowmuchboththeworkerandtheemployerpaidintotheplan.Theotheristheperformanceofitsinvestments　　45.Itoffersinvestmentsforworkerstoputmoneyinto.Theiremployerusuallyaddstothesavingsn　　46.Itpermitscontributionsofuptotenthousanddollarsayeartowardretirement　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA　　47.Icebox.　　文章从头到尾都在讲icebox是如何产生的、其工作原理和优点，可见icebox是这篇文章的中心。　　48.Inrefrigeratingfreightcarsandhouseholds.　　题目询问在内战后冰被用在哪些地方。根据题干关键词CivilWar可以定位至文章第一段第四句话，由…icewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars…intohouseholduse可知问题的答案。　　49.Knowledgeofthephysicsofheat.　　由题干关键词ascienceofrefrigeration定位到原文第二段第二句话，….theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat，whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration直接给出了问题的答案。　　50.themeltingoficeperformedcooling　　题目询问冰盒的理论原理是什么。可以定位到文章第二段的第三句话，….foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling，此句大意说当时人们以为阻碍冰融化才能有效制冷，但实际上这是错误的观点，因为只有在冰的融化过程中才能有效制冷。可见冰盒的理论原理就是themeltingoficeperformedcooling。　　51.theywantedtokeeptheirproducecooln　　由题干关键词farmershadtogotothemarketatnight定位至原文最后一句话…wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool，大意是有了冰盒，他们不用再为了保证产品新鲜而半夜赶路去市场了。可见目的是tokeeptheirproducecool。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　52.A语义题。文章第一段论述了噪音对人类身体健康的影响。短语immuneto所在句主语为表示否定的noone，而整个句子表示肯定的含义：任何人都会受到噪音的影响。所以谓语动词也应表示否定意义。immuneto意为“不受影响”，符合句意，所以A(未受影响)正确。　　53.C观点态度题。四个选项的意思分别为：A(不切实际的)、B(传统的)、C(关心的)、D(歇斯底里的)。通读全文可知，作者以较客观的口吻阐述了噪音对健康的影响，并对此表示关注，所以C正确。　　54.C主旨题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了噪音是影响健康的主要原因，但人们并没有意识到噪音的危害之大，所以C正确。　　55.D细节题。由文章第一段第三、四句可知，噪音对人们的健康是一种危险，而且全文都在论述噪音的危害，所以D正确。　　56.D推断题。全文都在谈论噪音对人健康的危害，但人们并没有意识到这一点，所以可以推断，作者认为对噪音的影响的研究是非常必要的，所以D正确。　　PassageTwon　　57.B推断题。文章第一段最后一句提到，只有冬天下雨，而且雨后土地很快干涸，只能企盼来年的11月。可见冬天的11月开始下雨，所以B正确。　　58.D推断题。本题可采用排除法。由文章第二段前三句可知，即将到来的“水战”是由于对水的需求增大(即缺水)、干旱(即降水量小)和对水的浪费(即对水的利用率低)造成的，只有D(水取代了石油)不是“水战”的原因，故入选。　　59.A推断题。文章第五段第二句提到，低效率用水表现在有些缺水国不愿将发展重点从农业转移到耗水较少的产业上，由此推断，有效用水的方法之一就是发展用水少的产业，所以A正确。　　60.C细节题。由文章最后一段可知，UriShamir认为，只要政局稳定，水就不会成为障碍，所以C正确。　　61.B观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者分析了水的重要性和中东国家缺水的原因及后果，字里行间都表现出作者的紧迫感，所以B(紧迫的)正确。A(压抑的)，C(开玩笑的)，D(嘲笑的)均不正确。　　PartVErrorCorrection　　62.its→their　　its指代的geneticallymodifiedcrops(转基因农作物)为复数，所以应将its改成their。　　63.country→countries　　suchcountry是指前面要求暂停进口转基因农产品的一些欧盟国家，为复数，所以应将country改成countries。　　64.base→basisn　　base意为“基础，基地”，basis(for)意为“基础，根据”，原句表达“科学根据”只能为scientificbasis，而scientificbase意为“科学基地”。此处还应注意的是不能受baseon(基于)这个短语的影响而将for改为on。　　65.for→against　　句中的thegreens意为“环保主义者”，本句的意思是“环保主义者对……的反对削弱了。”所以应将for改为against。　　66.Much→Little　　根据本句的后一句可知，本句要表达的意思是没有什么迹象表明吃转基因农作物有损健康，所以应该把Much改为Little。　　67.on→of　　本句的意思是：“研究表明，改良后的农作物对环境造成的后果并没有像环保主义者所称的那样严重。”effecton意为“对……有影响”，effectof意为“……的后果”，所以应将on改为of。　　68.of→with　　findfaultwith是固定搭配，意为“批评，找茬”，所以应将of改为with。　　69.seem后面加to　　seemtobe是固定用法，意为“好像，似乎”，所以应在seem后面加to。　　70.which→thatn　　takingtheattitudethat…后面是同位语从句，所以不能用which，应将其改为that。　　71.clear→unclear　　since前面的and表示前后语意一致，本句要表达的意思是：“因为欧洲人觉得仍然存在使用转基因食物的不良后果，且作为消费者，他们如何从转基因食物中获利也不清楚，所以他们不愿意冒风险(theywouldrathernotruntherisk)。”故应将clear改为unclear。　　PartVITranslation　　72.abouttwenty-fourkilometersacrossatitswidestpoint　　表示具体宽度时，可用…is…(数字)wide;在表示具体跨度时，还可用…is…(数字)across。此处的主语为canyon，即峡谷，因此用across表示跨度最为合适。“最宽处”可译为atitswidestpoint;英文中没有单词与“万”对应，因此要将“两万四千米”译为twenty-fourkilometers。　　73.youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow　　由给出的中英文可知，该句是对现在事实的虚拟，因此所译部分的谓语要采用woulddo的形式。此处“能”更多的是强调主观的“能力”，因此译为beableto。　　74.therearemoreandmorepeople(whoare)interestedinlearningEnglish　　结合给出的中英文可知，所译部分可采用therebe结构。“越来越多”译为moreandmore;“对学习英语感兴趣”可处理为“人”的后置定语或定语从句，其中“对……感兴趣”译为beinterestedin。　　75.whoneverturnshisbackuponusn　　所给出的英文是一个简单句，因此所译部分应为从句或非谓语动词;再结合给出的中文可知，所译部分应是以friend为先行词，由who引导的定语从句。“拒绝”可译为refuse，但其对象通常是事物而不是人，而turnone’sbackon/uponsb./sth.既可指对人的“拒绝”，也可指对事物的“拒绝”，符合句意。　　76.thathefinishedreadingthatbookhismothergavehim　　该句包含强调句型Itwas…that…，其中notuntillastFriday为被强调的部分，因此所译部分应为正常陈述语序。“读完”译为finishreading即可，但要注意其时态应与强调句型的时态保持一致，采用一般过去时。“他妈妈送他的”可处理为“书”的定语从句，而指代“书”的关系代词在从句中充当宾语，因此可省略。 2012年12月大学英语六级考试全真预测试卷二nPartIWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:Travel-mateWanted.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　假设你是李明，假期即将到来，你打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴(Travel-mate)。拟一个寻游伴的启事，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求等，并说明对方和你一起出游的好处。　　Travel-mateWanted　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-4,mark　　Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;　　N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;　　NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.　　Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　IsCollegeReallyWorththeMoney?　　TheRealWorldn　　EsteGriffithhaditallfiguredout.WhenshegraduatedfromtheUniversityofPittsburghinApril2001,shehadhersightssetononething:workingforalaborunion.　　Therealworldhadotherideas.Griffithleftschoolwithnotonlyadegree,butaboatloadofdebt.Sheowed$15,000instudentloansandhadrackedup$4,000increditcarddebtforbooks,groceriesandotherexpenses.Nolaborunionjobcouldpayenoughtobailherout.　　SoGriffithwenttoworkinsteadforaWashington,D.C.firmthatspecializesineconomicdevelopment.Problemsolved?Nope.Atage24,shetakeshomeabout$1,800amonth,$1,200ofwhichdisappearstopayherrent.Addanother$180amonthtoretireherstudentloansand$300amonthtowhittledownhercreditcardbalance."Youdothemath,"shesays.　　Griffithhaspracticallynomoneytoliveon.Shebrown-bags(自带午餐)herlunchandbikestowork.Aboveall,shefearsshe'llneverownahouseorbeabletoretire.It'snotthatsheregretsgettingherdegree."Buttheydon'ttellyouthatthetrade-offisthenexttenyearsofyourincome,"shesays.　　That'spreciselythedealbeingmadebymoreandmorecollegestudents.They'remortgagingtheirfuturestomeetsoaringtuitioncostsandothercollegeexpenses.LikeGriffith,they'refacingaone-twopunchatgraduation:hefty(深重的)studentloansandsmotheringcreditcarddebt—nottomentionajobmarketthat,fornowanyway,isdismal.　　"Weareforcingourchildrentomakeachoicebetweentwoevils,"saysElizabethWarren,aHarvardLawprofessorandexpertonbankruptcy."Skipcollegeandfacealifeofdiminishedopportunity.orgotocollegeandfacealifeshackled(束缚)bydebt."n　　TuitionHikes　　Forsometime,collegeshaveinsistedtheirsteeptuitionhikesareneededtopayforcutting-edgetechnologies,facultyandadministrationsalaries,andrisinghealthcarecosts.Nowthere'sanewculprit(犯人):shrinkingstatesupport.Caughtinaseverebudgetcrunch,manystateshavesharplyscaledbacktheirfundingforhighereducation.　　Someonehadtomakeupforthoselostdollars.Andyoucanguesswho—especiallyifyouliveinMassachusetts,whichlastyearhikeditstuitionandfeesby24percent,afterfundingdroppedby3percent,orinMissouri,whereappropriations(拨款)fellby10percent,buttuitionroseatdoublethatrate.Aboutone-thirdofthestates,infact,haveincreasedtuitionandfeesbymorethan10percent.　　OneofthosestatesisCalifornia,andJanetBurrell'sfamilyisfeelingthepain.AbookkeeperinTorrance,BurrellhasadaughterattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisMeanwhile,hersonsattendtwo-yearcollegesbecauseBurrellcan'taffordtohavealloftheminfour-yearschoolsatonce.　　Meanwhile,evenwithtuitionhikes,California'scommunitycollegesaresostrappedforcashtheydroppedthousandsofclasseslastspring.Theresult:54,000fewerstudents.　　CollapsingInvestments　　Manyfamiliesthoughttheyhadasurefireplan:eveniftuitionkeptskyrocketing,theyhadinvestedenoughmoneyalongthewaytomeetthecosts.ThenafunnythinghappenedonthewayntoWallStreet.Thoseinvestmentscollapsedwiththestockmarket.Amongtheloserslastyear:thewildlypopular"529"plans—federaltax-exemptcollegesavingsplansofferedbyindividualstates,whichhaveattractedbillionsfromfamiliesaroundthecountry."Wehearfrommanyparentsthatwhattheyhadsetasidedeclinedinvaluesomuchthattheynowdon'thaveenoughtoseetheirstudentsthrough,"saysPennStatefinancialaiddirectorAnnaGriswold,whowitnesseda10percentincreaseinloanapplicationslastyear.Evenwithamarketthatmaybeslowlyrecovering,itwilltaketime,perhapsseveralyears,forpeopletorecoup(补偿)theirlosses.　　NadineSayeghisamongthosewhodidn'thavetheluxuryofwaitingforhercollegenesteggtogrowback.Herfatherhadinvestedmoneytowardhertuition,butalargechunkofitvanishedwhenstockswentsouth.Nadinewasthenonlypartwaythroughcollege.Bygraduation,shehadtakenoutatleast$10,000inloans,andhermotherhadborrowedevenmoreonherbehalf.Now22,Nadineisattendinglawschool,havingsignedforyetmoreloanstopayforthat."Therewasn'tanywaytodoitdifferently,"shesays,"andI'mnothappyaboutit.I'vesatdownandcalculatedhowlongitwilltakemetopayoffeverything.I'llbe35yearsold."That'sifshe'sverylucky:Nadinebasedhercalculationonlandingajobrightoutoflawschoolthatwillpayheratleast$120,000ayear.DependentonLoansandCreditCards　　TheAmericanCouncilonEducationhasitsowncalculationthatshowshowstudentsaremoreandmoredependentonloans.Injustfiveyears,from1995to2000,themedianloandebtatpublicinstitutionsrosefrom$10,342to$15,375.Mostofthiscomesfromfederalloans,whichCongressmademoretemptingin1992byexpandingeligibility(homeequitynolongercountsagainstyournassets)andraisingloanlimits(adependentundergraduatecannowborrowupto$23,000fromthefederalgovernment).　　Butstudentsaren'tstoppingthere.TheCollegeBoardestimatesthattheyalsoborrowed$4.5billionfromprivatelendersinthe2000-2001academicyear,upfrom$1.5billionjustfiveyearsearlier.　　Forlotsofstudents,theworstofitisn'teventheweightofthosedirectstudentloans.It'swhattheyrackuponallthoseplasticcardsintheirwallets.Asoftwoyearsago,accordingtoastudybylenderNellieMae,morethaneightoutoftenundergradshadtheirowncreditcards,withthetypicalstudentcarryingfour.That'snobigsurprise,giventhein-your-facemarketingbycreditcardcompanies,whichsetuptablesoncampustoentice(诱惑)studentstosignup.Somecollegesbanorrestrictthishawking,butothersgiveitaboost.Youknowthosecreditcardsemblazonedwithaschool'spictureoritslogo?Forsanctioningsuchacard—amust-haveforsomestudents—acollegedepartmentorassociationgetspaymentsfromtheissuer.Meanwhile,fromfreshmanyeartograduation,accordingtotheNellieMaestudy,studentstriplethenumberofcreditcardstheyownanddoubletheirdebtonthem.Asof2001,theywereintheholeanaverage$2,327.　　AWiseChoice?　　Oneday,Moyersatdownwithhismother,JanneO'Donnell,totalkabouthisgoalofgoingtolawschool.Don'tcountonit,O'Donnelltoldhim.Shecouldn'taffordthecostandMoyerdoubtednhecouldgetaloan,givenhowmuchheowedalready."Hesaidhefeltlikeafailure,"O'Donnellrecalls."Hedidn'tknowhowhehadgottenintosuchamess."　　Aweeklater,the22-year-oldhangedhimselfinhisbedroom,wherehismotherfoundhim.O'Donnellisconvincedthemoneypressurescausedhissuicide."Seantriedtopayhisdebtsoff,"shesays."Andhecouldn'ttakeit."　　Tobesure,suicidesareexceedinglyrare.Butdespairiscommon,anditsometimesleadsstudentstorethinkwhethercollegewasworthit.Infact,therearequiteafewjobsthatdon'trequireacollegedegree,yetpayfairlywell.Onaverage,though,collegegraduatescanexpecttoearn80percentmorethanthosewithonlyahighschooldiploma.Also,allbuttwoofthe50highestpayingjobs(theexceptionsbeingairtrafficcontrollersandnuclearpowerreactoroperators)requireafour-yearcollegedegree.Soforegoingacollegeeducationisoftennotawisechoice.　　MeritMikhail,whograduatedlastJunefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,isgladsheborrowedtogetthroughschool.ButsheleftRiversideowing$20,000instudentloansandanother$7,000increditcarddebt.Nowinlawschool,Merithopestobecomeapublic-interestattorney,yetshemayhavetopostponethatgoal,whichbothersher.Tohandleherdebt,she'llprobablyneedtostartwithamorelucrative(有利的)legaljob.　　Likesomanyotherstudents.Mikhailtookoutherloansonakindofblindfaiththatshecoulddealwiththeconsequences."Yousaytoyourself,'Ihavetogointodebttomakeitwork,nandwhateverittakeslater,I'llmanage.'"Laterhasnowarrived,andMikhailisfindingoutthetruecostofhercollegedegree.　　1.GriffithworkedforafirmthatspecializedineconomicdevelopmentinWashingtonD.C.becausesheneededmoneytopayforherdebt.　　2.Theonlyproblemthestudentsarefacingatgraduationisthedismaljobmarket.　　3.Onereasonwhycollegesincreasetuitionandfeesisthatthestatesupportisshrinking.　　4.Nearlyallthefamiliescanmanagetomeetthesoaringtuitioncoststhroughvariousinvestmentplans.　　5.AccordingtoNadine'scalculation,shecanpayoffallherdebtwhensheis________ifshecangetasalaryof$120,000ayearrightoutoflawschool.　　6.Studentsgetmoneyfromnotonlyfederalloansbutalso________.　　7.Thecollegedepartmentorassociationcangetpaymentsfromtheissuerifitsanctionscreditcardsdecoratedwith________.　　8.O'Donnellthinksthatthecauseofher22-year-oldson'ssuicideis________.　　9.Theauthorsaysthatforegoingacollegeeducationisoftennotawisechoicebecause________ofthe50highestpayingjobsrequireafour-yearcollegedegreeexceptforairtrafficcontrollersandnuclearpowerreactoroperators.n　　10.Meritwillhavetostartwithamorelucrativelegaljobinsteadofherfavoriteposition—apublic-interestattorneybecauseshehasto________.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.　　11.[A]Husbandandwife.[B]Doctorandnurse.　　[C]Salesclerkandcustomer.[D]Airlineagentandcustomer.　　12.[A]He'sasecretary.[B]He'sanovelist.　　[C]He'snewspaperman.[D]He'saworker.　　13.[A]Onamountainpath.[B]Inasupermarket.　　[C]Onaroad.[D]Inarailwaystation.　　14.[A]Mondaymorning.[B]Mondayafternoon.n　　[C]Wednesdaymorning.[D]Fridayafternoon.　　15.[A]Toencouragethem.[B]Tostopthemimmediately.　　[C]Togivesomeexplanation.[D]Toleavethemalone.　　16.[A]Shehasbadstudyhabits.[B]Shesleepstoomuch.　　[C]Shewakesuplate.[D]She'sanexcellentstudent.　　17.[A]4hours.[B]6hours.[C]12hours.[D]18hours.　　18.[A]Howprimitivepeopleusedflags.　　[B]Whattheancientmeansofcommunicationwas.　　[C]Whythetorchtowerswerebuilt.　　[D]HowtheGreatWallcameintobeing.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.[A]Byattendingaclass.[B]Fromherparents.　　[C]Throughagardeningmagazine.[D]Fromherneighbors.　　20.[A]Sunlight.[B]Location.[C]Soil.[D]Drainage.　　21.[A]Tomatoes,beets,eggplant,andcabbages.n　　[B]Strawberries,greenpeppers,andokra.　　[C]Basil,onions,cantaloupe,andbananapeppers.　　[D]Greenbeans,bananas,corn,andpumpkins.22.[A]Youcangrowvegetablesvertically.　　[B]Youcanraiseplantsinaconfinedarea.　　[C]Youcanplantawidevarietyofplantstogether.　　[D]Youcanenjoythebeautifulscenery.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.[A]E-commerce.[B]Wirelesscommunications.　　[C]Businessandtheweb.[D]Newtechnology.　　24.[A]HighbandwidthInternetconnections　　[B]Cable.　　[C]Relatedtechnologies.　　[D]Electronicdevices.　　25.[A]Onlinebusiness.[B]Somenewproducts.n　　[C]Cablemodems.[D]Anewhigh-speednetwork.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.　　PassageOne　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.[A]Rentiswithinthebudgetofuniversitystudents.　　[B]Bothroomandboardareoftenprovided.　　[C]Studenthousingislocatedoncampus.　　[D]Themaintenanceisusuallyhandledbysomeoneelse.　　27.[A]Theymayhavetofollowcertainhousingrules.　　[B]Adepositmayberequiredtorentanapartment.　　[C]On-campusapartmentsarelimited.　　[D]Theyhavetodevotealltheirtimetotheacademics.n　　28.[A]Topayarefundabledeposit.　　[B]Toprovidetheirownfurnishings.　　[C]Tosignahousingcontract.　　[D]Tocookbythemselves.　　PassageTwo　　Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.[A]At9:00.[B]At9:15.[C]At9:50.[D]At9:30.　　30.[A]In1397.[B]In1379.[C]In1339.[D]In1030.　　31.[A]Itstrees.[B]Itsstonewalls.[C]Itsrockgarden.[D]Itspronunciation.　　32.[A]45minutes.[B]60minutes.[C]90minutes.[D]40minutes.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.[A]BenjaminFranklinwasagreatscientist.　　[B]BenjaminFranklinsignedfourhistoricdocumentsinhislifetime.　　[C]BenjaminFranklindidn'tleaveschooluntilhewastwenty.n　　[D]BenjaminFranklinoncehadhisownprintshop.　　34.[A]Afterheboughthisownprintshop.　　[B]Afterhesignedsomehistoricdocuments.　　[C]Whenheinventedthelightningrod.　　[D]WhenPennsylvaniaGazettebecamesuccessful.　　35.[A]Hehelpedestablishthecity'sfirstuniversity.　　[B]Hehelpedestablishthecity'sfirstpostoffice.　　[C]Hehelpedestablishthecity'sfirstlibrary.　　[D]Hehelpedopenahospital.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.n　　Tobesuccessfulinajob(36)________,youshould(37)________certainpersonalandprofessionalqualities.Youneedtocreateagoodimageinthelimitedtime(38)________,usuallyfrom30to45minutes.Youmustmakeapositive(39)________whichtheinterviewerwillrememberwhileheinterviewsother(40)________.Thefollowingaresomequalitiesyoushouldespeciallypayattentiontoduringaninterview.Firstofall,youshouldtakecaretoappeartobeproperlydressed.Therightclotheswornattherighttimecanwintherespectofthe(41)________andhis(42)________inyourjudgment.Itmaynotbetruethatclothesmaketheman.Butthefirstandoftenlastimpressionofyouis(43)________bytheclothesyouwear.Secondly,(44)________________.Youshouldreflectconfidencebyspeakinginaclearvoice,(45)________________.Youshouldbepreparedtotalkknowledgeablyabouttherequirementsofthepositionyouareapplyingfor.Finally,tobereallyimpressive(46)________________.Ifyoudisplaythesecharacteristics,withjustalittleluck,you'llcertainlysucceedinthetypicalpersonalinterview.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.ThenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewordsonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.n　　ScientistssaytheyhavehighhopesforadrugthatcouldonedayprovideanewformoftreatmentforHIV-AIDS.Acompound,whichinterfereswithanelusiveproteinusedbytheHIVvirustoinfecthumancells,hasworkedextremelywellinmonkeys.Ifthedrugproveseffectiveinhumantrials,scientistssay,itcouldbolster(加强)theeffectivenessoftwoexistingAIDSdrugs,particularlyinfightingdrug-resistantstrainsofthevirus.　　Researchersatthepharmaceutical(制药的)companyMerckareveryexcitedaboutanexperimentaldrug,whichhasworkedaswellinmonkeysinfectedwithaprimateversionofthevirusasanyoftheexistinganti-AIDSdrugs.　　Itworksbyblockingoneofthreeproteins,orenzymes,theHIVvirususestogainentranceintoandinfecthumanimmunesystemcells.　　Inhibitordrugshavebeendevelopedtoblocktwooftheproteins,toslowprogressionofthediseaseafterinfection.Theyhavebecomestandardtherapyasa"cocktail"forpeopleinfectedwithHIV.　　Thoseenzymesarereversetranscriptase(转录酶)andprotease(蛋白酶).Thefirstconvertsthevirus'geneticmaterialintothatofitshostcells.Thesecondchopsuptheresultinglargerproteinsintosmallerpieces,producingsmallerviralparticlesthatinfectnewcells.　　Thethirdprongofcellularattackisaproteincalledintegrase(整合酶),whichexpertssayhasbeenhardertoblock.OnceHIVfoolshostcellsbychangingitsgeneticinformationsoitcanenterthem,integraseactslikeacutandpasteoperationinawordprocessor,deletinganimmunecell'sgeneticmaterialandreplacingitwithitsown.n　　AnintegraseinhibitorwouldgivedoctorsathirdlineofattackagainstHIVinfection,accordingtovirologistDariaHazudaofthedivisionofVirusandCellBiologyatMerck."Thiswouldofferathirdclassofanti-retroviralmedicationsthatcanbecombinedwithreversetranscriptaseinhibitorsandproteaseinhibitors.Andsinceitisanewmechanismofaction,thesecompoundsareactiveagainstmulti-drugresistantvariants.SovariantsthatareresistanttoallcurrenttherapieshavebeenselectedinHIV-patients,"shesaid.　　Currentanti-AIDSdrugseventuallybecomeresistanttotherapy,orstopworking,becausetheviruschangesitsshape.　　Whileresearchersareencouragedbythesuccesswiththecompound'seffectivenessinmonkeytrials,developingadrugthatisequallyeffectiveinhumanscanbedifficult.　　StevenYoungisexecutivedirectoroftheDepartmentofMedicinalChemistryatMerck.Hesays,ifscientistsfindacompoundthatisequallyeffectiveinpeople,thecompanywouldaskU.S.regulatorstospeedapprovalofthedrug.　　"Yeah,Ireallythinkthat'swhatwe'rehopingfor,"hesaid."Imean,weneedtogetdatathatshowithasrobustanti-viraleffectsinpeople.Andifwe'reabletogetthatdata,Ithinkwewouldpetitionforfasttrackstatus."　　Dr.Youngsaysanintegraseinhibitorhasthepotentialtopreventdrugresistance.n　　"Toensureourbestchanceofpreventingresistance,wewouldgivethisaspartofacocktailtherapy,"headded."AndIthinkit'sreallyourplanthatwewouldtestthiswithreversetranscriptaseinhibitorsandproteaseinhibitors,aswell."　　47.Ifthedrugproveseffectiveinhumantrials,itcouldenhancetheeffectivenessofexistingAIDSdrugsin________.　　48.Whathasbecomestandardcocktailtherapy?　　49.Whileintegrasedeletesanimmunecell'sgeneticmaterialandreplacesitwithitsown,itactslike________inawordprocessor.　　50.Whywouldanti-AIDSdrugsstopworking?　　51.AccordingtoStevenYoung,ifscientistsgetthedatathat________,theywouldpetitionforfasttrackstatus.　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.n　　Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshavealonghistoryandarecloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescriber,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.　　Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople'snutritionalstandardshaverisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendshavetwoadverseeffects.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.　　Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,nthatitwillproduce—bysuggestion—averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.　　Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson'shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.　　52.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.　　[A]suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory　　[B]definewhatdiagnosismeansexactly　　[C]praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise　　[D]tellthesymptomsfromthecauses　　53.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause________.　　[A]theyoftenwatchadsonTV　　[B]theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertisedn　　[C]theygenerallyleadasedentarylife　　[D]theydon'ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds　　54.Paragraphs2and3explain________.　　[A]thosegoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects　　[B]whycleveradvertisingissopowerful　　[C]whyinmoderntimesself-medicationisstillpractised　　[D]whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife　　55.Theauthortellsusinparagraph4________.　　[A]thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome　　[B]people'sdoubtabouttakingdrugs　　[C]whatkindofmedicinepeopleshouldprepareathome　　[D]thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople　　56.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.　　[A]MedicalPractice[B]CleverAdvertising　　[C]Self-Medication[D]Self-Treatmentn　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Theageofgildedyouthisover.Today'sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.　　Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.　　Whentheyleaveworklateintheevening,theywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmallrentedflatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretire,theirpensionsarefarlowerinrealtermsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewaytheageingofBritain'spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.　　AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontology(老人学)atKing'sCollegeLondon,whocarriedoutmuchofthework,saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.　　"Today'soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners,"shesaid."Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospectofhandingovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningstocareforthem."n　　Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whilepreviousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage,today'sunder-thirtieshavetolivewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuyahomeitismorelikelytobeaflatthanahouse.　　LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalargehouseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.Unlikeherwealthyparents,shegraduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof￡13,000.Shenowearnsabout￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Herhomeisaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesublets(转租)thelungesofa-bedtoherbrother.　　"Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts,"shesaid."ButIstillhavenopensionandnochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleastacoupleofyears—andthenitwillbesomethingsmallinabadarea.Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman."　　Tinker'sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.　　57.Bysaying"thegrowthoftheproportion...toyoungergenerations."(Line2,Para.5),AntheaTinkerreallymeansthat________.　　[A]currentlywealthflowsfromoldgenerationtoyoungergeneration　　[B]traditionallywealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration　　[C]withtheincreasinglybigpopulationofover50,thetrendarisesthatwealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgenerationn　　[D]withmoreandmorepeopleofover50,traditionshavebeenreversed　　58.Whyaretoday'soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?　　[A]Becausetheymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintax,butyoungergenerationwillpossiblyhandovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningsforthecareofthem.　　[B]Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.　　[C]Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.　　[D]Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresentsociety.　　59.Whichfactorpusheduphouseprices?　　[A]Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.　　[B]Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.　　[C]Itiseasytoapplyforamortgageforyounggeneration.　　[D]Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.　　60.InwhatwaydoesLauraLenox-Conynghammakeherliving?　　[A]Bytakingphotographsformagazines.　　[B]Bymarringarichman.n　　[C]Bysublettingtheloungesofa-bedtoherbrother.　　[D]Bypreparingfoodforphotographsforsomemagazines.　　61.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.　　[A]today'sunder-thirtiesareleadingamiserablelifeinBritain　　[B]LauraLenox-Conyngham'sattitudetoworkandliferepresentsthatofmanyyoungprofessionalsinBritain　　[C]Lifecangetharderforunder-thirtiesinBritain　　[D]eldersenjoyextremelyhighlivingstandardsinBritain　　PartVErrorCorrection(15minutes)　　Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.　　Example:　　Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods.1.time/times/periodn　　Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliterature2./　　asaschoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.3.the　　Morepeoplethaneveraredrinkingcoffeethese　　days—butinsmallquantitiesthantheyusedto.Some62.________　　manufacturesofcoffeemakersaretryingtomake63.________　　advantageofthistrendbydevelopingdiminutive　　machinesthatbrew(煮)smalleramountsofcoffee.TwoU.S.appliancecompanies—Black&Decker,　　basinginTowson,Maryland,andToastmasterInc.of64.________　　Columbia,Missouri—hasrecentlyintroduced"drip"65.________　　coffeemakersthatbrewoneortwocupservingsof　　coffee.Neitheroftheproductsbrewthecoffee66.________　　directlyintoacupormug,eliminatingtheneedfora　　separatecarafe.Sincemanypeoplemakeapotof　　coffeeinthemorninganddrinkonlyasinglecup,the67.________n　　newcoffeemakersshouldreducethewastedcoffee.　　Black&Decker'sCup-at-a-Timespends$27,while68.________　　Toastmaster'sCoffeeBreakretailsfor$20.　　Black&Deckeralsomakesacoffeemaker　　dripscoffeedirectlyintoacarry-aroundthermal69.________　　carafe.Thecarafe,aglassvacuumbottle,issupposed　　tokeepthecoffeefreshforhours.Theproduct,　　calledtheThermalCarafeCoffee-maker,comeswith　　abuilt-inlidthatopensduringthebrewingprocess,　　closeswhenitiscompleted.Thereareseveralmodels,70.________　　includingonethatfitsunderthecounter,ranging　　from$60to$110atprice.71.________　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.　　72.Theareagets________________(年降雨量不足五厘米).n　　73.Theonlysoundsarebirdcallsandthesoftnoise________________(当水缓缓推动草时草所发出的).　　74.Thevisitorsplannedto________________(花最少的时间游览公园以外的地方).　　75.Lifeistooshort________________(不可每天将时间浪费在看电视上).　　76.Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetail________________(简直就像他亲眼看见一样).　　答案详解2010年6月大学英语六级考试全真预测试卷二答案详解　　PartIWriting　　Travel-mateWanted　　I'mal9-year-oldfemalesophomorenamedLiMing.Iherebyearnestlyinviteaforeignyounglady—collegestudentpreferred—tomakeathreeweektouringtripwithme.　　Myplanistosetoffnextweekend,whenthesummervacationofficiallybegins.ThefirststopisKunming,theworld-renownedcityforitsbeautyandmildtemperature.We’llgettherebytrainandstayfor2days,andthenwe’llheadforJinggangshan,aformerrevolutionarybaseaswellasanaturalbeautyspot.　　Aftera3-dayvisitthere,wewilltakealong-distancecoachtoanearbyportcitybytheYangtzeRiverandboardadownstreamshiptoShanghai,sothatwecanenjoythegreatsceneryalongsidethethirdlongestriverintheworld.Aseverybodyknows,ShanghaiisoneofthebusiestnandfastestdevelopingcitiesinChina.I’dliketohaveagoodtourinShanghai,sothestaytherewillbeabouthalfaweek.AfamousChinesesayinggoes,"JustasthereisParadiseinheaven,thereareSuzhouandHangzhouonEarth",soa4-dayvisittothesetwocitiesnearShanghaiisamust.Alltogether,ourtripwilllastaboutthreeweeks.　　Ionlyexpectthatmytravel-matecouldbearherownexpensesandtalkwithmeinbeautifulEnglish,andIwouldbeanexcellentguideforhersinceImajorintouristguiding.　　Thoseinterestedpleasecontactmeeitherthroughemail(Liming@126.com)orphonecall(12345678).　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.Y根据题干中的信息词Griffith和WashingtonD.C.定位到第一个小标题下的第三段，再结合上一段内容可知，Griffith想去工会工作，但其薪水无法支付她欠下的学生贷款和信用卡债务，因此她转而去一家经济发展公司工作，故该句表述正确。　　2.N根据题干中的信息词atgraduation和dismaljobmarket定位到第一个小标题下的倒数第二段，可知有越来越多的大学生抵押自己的未来以支付高昂的学费和读大学的其他费用，他们毕业时背负着沉重的学生贷款和信用卡债务，更不用提低靡的就业市场了。由此可知，大学生毕业时至少面临三个问题，故该句表述错误。　　3.Y根据题干中的信息词statesupport和shrinking定位到第二个小标题下的第一段，可知大学强调自己涨学费是为了支付前沿科技、教职管理人员的工资和医疗保健等费用，而现在政府因预算吃紧，对大学的扶持也在缩减。由此可知，该句表述正确。n　　4.N根据题干中的信息词families和investment定位到第三个小标题下的第一段，可知许多家庭原以为自己的计划很完善，即便学费继续攀高，他们投资的回报也足够支付费用，可没想到的是那些投资和股市一起失败了。由此推断，很少有家庭可以通过投资计划支付高昂的学费，故该句表述错误。　　5.35yearsold。根据题干中的信息词Nadine和$120,000ayear定位到第三个小标题下第二段的段尾，可知Nadine计算出，等她还完所有债务，她就已经35岁了，而这还是比较乐观的估计，因为她的计算是预计自己一毕业就能找到年薪至少为12万美元的工作。　　6.privatelendersandcreditcards/privatelenders/creditcards。根据题干中的信息词federalloans定位到第四个小标题，可知学生的大部分贷款都是联邦贷款，他们也向私人债主借钱，而最糟糕的是他们还透支信用卡，造成信用卡债务，由此可得答案。　　7.theschool’spictureorlogo。根据题干中的信息词paymentsfromtheissuer和sanctions定位到第四个小标题下的最后一段，可知有些大学鼓励信用卡公司在校园内吸引学生办卡，如果批准发放那种印有学校照片或标识的信用卡，学校相关院系或部门就可以从发卡方得到报酬。　　8.themoneypressures。根据题干中的信息词O’Donnell和22-year-old定位到最后一个小标题下的第二段，可知O’Donnell的儿子年仅22岁就在自己的卧室内自杀，而O’Donnell确信是金钱的压力导致了他的自杀，由此可得答案。　　9.allbuttwo。根据题干中的信息词foregoing和50highestpayingjobs定位到最后一个小标题下的第三段，可知除了空中交通管制员和核反应堆操控员以外，50个报酬最高的工作只有两个需要四年大学学历，所以说上大学通常不是明智之举。n　　10.handleherdebt。根据题干中的信息词Merit和public-interestattorney定位到最后一个小标题下的倒数第二段，可知Merit想当公益律师，但她可能得推迟这一打算，因为为了应付她的债务，她很可能需要一开始做一份报酬更高的法律工作。PartIIIListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　11.D综合推断题。由对话中的flight可知，双方在谈论航班情况，由此推断D正确。　　12.B综合推断题。女士最后说罗伯特之后开始写小说，男士接着说他自从那时起没做过别的事情，由此可知，罗伯特现在是位小说家，故选B。注意对话中的eversince意为“自从那时起”。　　13.C综合推断题。对话双方在谈论交通很拥挤，特别是女士说Isaidtheroadswouldbeverybusy，由此推断，他们是在路上，所以C正确。　　14.B综合推断题。女士说，约翰逊医生在周一、周二上午和周四、周五下午都有预约，而且周三全天开会，由此可知，男士最早能在周一下午见到约翰逊医生，所以B正确。　　15.C综合推断题。针对女士提出的问题，男士说如果小孩看战争片，父母应该陪在其身旁，并帮助他们理解所读或所看的内容。答题的关键词是along(而不是alone)和helpsb.interpret(帮助某人理解)。　　16.A综合推断题。女士说自己熬了一整夜在为历史期中考试复习课程，男士问她为什么总是要等到最后一刻，由此推断，女士的学习习惯不好，所以A正确。　　17.B信息明示题。女士说，现在已经下午6点了，男士说必须在今晚12点前将建议书邮寄出去，所以他们还有6个小时的时间完成建议书，所以B正确。n　　18.B综合推断题。男士说考古学家发现人们最早是通过旗帜来发送信号，而女士则认为人们最早是用烟作为信号，并以长城的烽火台为例，由此可知，B正确。　　ConversationOne　　19.A信息明示题。女士说自己今年春天参加了一个平方英尺园艺班，因此决定尝试一下所学的一些东西由此可见，她的平方英尺园艺是上课学到的，故选A。　　20.C信息明示题。女士在介绍如何进行平方英尺园艺时，提到了选择好的位置，即选择每天可直接接受日晒6～8小时、排水性好、方便的位置，由此可排除A、B、D，故选C。　　21.B信息明示题。女士最后介绍了自己花园里种植的植物，包括：番茄、青椒、罗勒、草莓、甜菜、青豆、玉米、胡萝卜、香瓜、墨西哥番茄、茄子、香蕉椒、黄瓜、秋葵、南瓜等。选项A多了cabbages，选项C多了onions，选项D多了bananas，故选B。　　22.B综合推断题。女士在对话中介绍了如何合理利用空间来进行种植，再结合她在平方英尺花园中种植了那么多植物可知，平方英尺花园的主要好处在于可以合理利用空间，在有限的空间内种植许多植物,故选B。　　ConversationTwo　　23.C信息明示题。女士说自己在上一门很有趣的课，叫做商业与网络，接下来的对话都是围绕该课程展开的，故选C。　　24.A信息明示题。女士说他们还会讨论高速宽带网络连接，例如电缆调制解调器，那将会让我们更快地交流信息，由此可知，让人们更快地交流信息的是诸如电缆调制解调器的高速宽带网络连接，故选A。n　　25.D信息明示题。女士最后说，随着技术的融合，一种最适合在线销售产品和服务的新型高速网络将会发展起来，故选D。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　26.A信息明示题。文章第二段提到了住在校内的优点，即安全、方便、提供餐食等;第三段又指出，住在校外公寓里和住在宿舍里一样，都不太需要维护，因此排除B、C、D。尽管在校内的住宿费一般比较容易让人接受，是住校的优点之一，但文章并未提及，故选A。　　27.A信息明示题。文章第二段最后指出，学生应该知道，他们得遵守有关学生行为准则的规章制度，这是住校的条件之一，因此A正确。　　28.B信息明示题。文章第三段最后提到租房者可能需要自己布置公寓，因此B正确。　　PassageTwo　　29.B信息明示题。文章第二段提到，将于9点l5分出发，后面又说务必在9点之前上车，因此选B。　　30.A信息明示题。文章第三段指出，GoldenPavilion是一座建于1397年的寺庙，因此A正确。　　31.C信息明示题。文章第四段最后提到，Thistempleisfamousforitsbeautifulrockgarden，其中thistemple指的就是前面提到的RyoanjiTemple，因此C正确。　　32.B信息明示题。文章最后提到，游客将有一小时的时间参观城堡，也就是NijojoCastle，因此B正确。n　　PassageThree　　33.C信息明示题。文章第二段提到，弗兰克林十岁就辍学了，因为他的父母供不起他上学，因此C正确。A、B、D三项在文章中均有依据，故排除。　　34.D信息明示题。文章第二段指出，弗兰克林在他创办的PennsylvaniaGazette获得成功时开始出名，因此D正确。　　35.B信息明示题。文章第四段介绍了弗兰克林在费城任邮局局长期间所作的贡献，包括协助建立第一个图书馆和大学、组建消防队、启动街道照明项目、筹款建医院等，由此可排除A、C、D，故选B。　　SectionC　　36.interview37.demonstrate38.available39.impression　　40.candidates41.interviewer42.confidence43.determined　　44.youshouldpaycloseattentiontoyourmannerofspeaking,sincespeechisareflectionofpersonality　　45.1oudenoughtobeheard,withoutbeingaggressiveoroverpowering　　46.youmustconveyasenseofself-confidenceandenthusiasmforwork　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA　　47.fightingdrug-resistantstrainsofthevirusn　　根据题干中的关键词humantrials和existingAIDSdrugs定位到第一段最后一句，可知科学家表示，该药物如果在人体试验中被证明是有效的，就会增强现存两种治疗艾滋病药物的效力，特别是在对抗病毒抗药性方面的效力，由此可得答案。　　48.Inhibitordrugs.　　根据题干中的关键词standardcocktailtherapy定位到第四段，可知抑制剂用于阻碍两种蛋白质，减慢感染后病情的发展，因此已经成为治疗感染HIV病毒患者的标准治疗方法，即“鸡尾酒疗法”，由此可知，成为标准鸡尾酒疗法的是抑制剂。　　49.acutandpasteoperation　　根据题干中的关键词wordprocessor定位到第六段第二句，可知HIV病毒一旦通过改变自身的遗传信息而诱导宿主细胞并进入其中，它就像文字处理软件中的剪切和粘贴程序一样，删除免疫细胞的遗传信息，并替换为自己的遗传信息。　　50.Becausetheviruschangesitsshape.　　根据题干中的关键词anti-AIDSdrugs和stopworking定位到倒数第六段，可知现有的抗艾滋病药物最终就不会起作用了，因为病毒改变了形状，故可得答案。　　51.showthedrughasrobustanti-viraleffectsinpeople　　根据题干中的关键词StevenYoung和fasttrackstatus定位到倒数第三、四段，可知StevenYoung表示，他们需要得到表明药物在人体中有强力抗病毒效果的数据，而如果他们可以得到那样的数据，他们就可以申请快速审查，由此可得答案。n　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　52.A推断题。本题看似考查第一段的主旨，实则要结合全文才能得出答案。选项A、B、D文章中都有提及，但从整体看来，文章的主线是介绍self-medication(自我药疗)，其中第一段提及了过去的情况，第二段介绍现状，由此推断此现象存在已久，所以A正确。　　53.B推断题。由文章可知，做广告的目的是要吸引顾客买他们的药品。从第三段最后一句可知一般只是得了轻微的感冒、咳嗽的人会根据广告自己买药治病，故选B。　　54.C推断题。文章第二段和第三段主要论述了现在依然存在自我药疗的原因，即医生很难治愈人们不良的生活习惯造成的亚健康状态，所以C正确。　　55.D推断题。由文章第四段中几个带有worse的并列句可以推知，自我药疗对人们有潜在的危害，所以D正确。　　56.C主旨题。全文是围绕自我药疗(self-medication)展开论述的，介绍了它的历史、现状以及危害等，所以C正确。　　PassageTwo　　57.C语义题。解题的关键在于正确理解句中的reverse一词，它意为“逆转，彻底转变”，所以被考查句说的是传统上社会财富是从老一代流向年轻人，而50岁以上人口的增多彻底转变了该现象，即社会财富从年轻人流向老年人，所以C正确。n　　58.A细节题。由文章第六段第二句和第三句可知，这些老人过去在税收方面的贡献甚小，而现在他们享受的社会福利甚多;在三四十年前出生的人则把他们一生中多于三分之一的所得用于照料这些老年人，所以A正确。　　59.D细节题。由文章第七段第一句可知，老年人数量越来越多且大多单独居住，他们需要更多的住房，于是促使房价上升，所以D正确。　　60.D细节题。文章第八段第三句指出，LauraLenox-Conyngham一年赚两万英镑，为杂志准备要拍照的食物，所以D正确。　　61.C主旨题。文章开头指出，金色青春的时代已经过去了，如今这一代30岁以下的年轻人是一个世纪以来第一批生活水平低于父辈的人，文章接下来更深入、具体地探讨了这一主题;原文并未提及LauraLenox-Conyngham对工作的态度，而是说她的这种生活方式在伦敦等地很普遍，故B不正确。由此可知，C正确。PartVErrorCorrection　　62.small→smaller　　该句后面有than，句子是比较级形式，所以应该把small改为比较级smaller。　　63.make→take　　takeadvantageof是固定搭配，意为“利用”。　　64.basing→based　　base和它的逻辑主语是被动关系，所以要用它的过去分词based。n　　65.has→have　　句子的主语为twoU.S.appliancecompanies，故谓语动词用复数。　　66.Neither→Both　　根据文章意思，这里是说两种产品都如何，所以要用both。　　67.and→but　　并列句的前后显然是转折关系，意为“大部分人都是早上煮一壶咖啡但是却只喝一小杯”。　　68.spends→costs　　spend的主语必须是人，此处主语是物，而且是单数第三人称，故用costs。　　69.在drips前加that　　定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，所以要在drips前加that。　　70.在closes前加and　　closes前的逗号连接了两个独立的主谓结构，这在英语中是错误的，因此必须要加上并列连词and。　　71.at→in　　价钱的前面使用介词in，即inprice。　　PartVITranslationn　　72.fewerthanfivecentimetersofrainayear　　“不足五厘米的降雨”可以译为fewerthanfivecentimetersofrain，也可译为arainfalloffewerthanfivecentimeters;“年降雨量”中的“(每)年”可译为后置定语ayear，也可译为前置定语annual，而rainfall常与annual搭配，故此处还可译为anannualrainfalloffewerthanfivecentimeters。　　73.madebygrassesasthewaterslowlymovesthem　　通过分析句子结构可知，所译部分应为noise的后置定语。noise和“发出”是被动关系，因此要用被动语态来表示;“当……时”可译为as或when，“推动”可译为move。　　74.spendminimumtimesightseeingoutsidetheparks　　“(某人)花……时间做某事”应译为spendsometimeonsth./(in)doingsth.。虽然中文部分给出了“最少的”，但句中并没有明确的比较关系，因此译为minimum比least更为恰当;“游览”可译为sightsee或visit，故此处还可译为spendminimumtimevisiting(places)outsidetheparks。　　75.toidleawaythehourswatchingTVeachday　　由给出的中英文可知，该句包含too…to…的结构，表示“太……而不能……”，直接包含否定概念，因此所译部分无须含有否定词。“将时间浪费在……上”可译为idleawaysometimedoingsth.，也可直接译为wastetimeon(doing)sth.，而“每天”可译为eachday或everyday，故此处还可译为toidleawaythehourswatchingTVeach/everyday或towastetimeonwatchingTVeach/everyday。　　76.thathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witnessn　　由给出的中英文可知，该句包含such…that…的结构，再结合中文可知，that之后的内容应采用虚拟语气，表示对过去事实的虚拟，且强调一种可能性，谓语应为mighthavedone的形式。此处没有表明“看见”的对象，因此可用eye-witness来表示“看见”;为了强调“亲眼”，又加上himself。n 2012年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷三PartIWriting(30minutes)　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:　　给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。　　PartIIReadingComprehension(skimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.　　Forquestions1-7,mark　　Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;　　N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;　　NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　RobotCarstoDoBattleinDesertRacen　　When15competitorslinedupinNevadalastyearfortheU.S.DefenseDepartment'sfirstmillion-dollarrobotrace,hopeswerehigh.Thechallenge:todriveavehiclewithoutahumandriverorremotecontrolsome150miles(241kilometers)throughtheMojaveDesert.　　Butthosehopesquicklywentupinacloudofdustasmostrobotsbarelymanagedtogetoffthestartingline.Thebestperformer,amodifiedHumveebuiltbyengineersatPennsylvania'sCarnegieMellonUniversity,traveled7miles(11kilometers)beforebreakingdown.　　Torobotdevotees(热爱者),however,itwasaminorhiccup.　　Nosurprise,then,that43teamsshoweduptotryoutforthisyear'srace,dubbed(被称作)theGrandChallenge.Forthepastweek,teamsrangingfromgarageenthusiaststowell-fundeduniversityengineershavebeenfine-tuningtheirmachinesatqualifyingroundshereattheCaliforniaSpeedwayinFontana,California.(Watchtherobotsinactioninourexclusivevideo.)　　Twenty-threefinalistswereannouncedThursdayforSaturday'sGrandChallenge.The175-mile(282-kilometer)coursestartsandfinishesinPrimm,Nevada.　　Theracepromisestobeeventougherthanlastyear'srun.But18monthsisaneternityintheroboticsworld,andthetechnologyhasvastlyimproved.　　OrganizersbelieveseveralteamshavearealshotoffinishingtheraceinlessthantenhourstoearnthegrandprizeoftwomillionU.S.dollars.　　"Whenthefirstteamoutofthechute(斜道)—Mojavaton,asmallteamoutofColorado—madeitsuccessfullyaroundthe2.2-mile(3.5-kilometer)qualificationcourse,Iknewrightthereandnthenthatwehadsomethingspecial,"saidRonKurjanowicz,thechiefofstaffforthePentagon'sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA),whichissponsoringtherace.　　UnknownCourse　　TheaimoftheGrandChallenge,DefenseDepartmentofficialssay,istospurdevelopmentofautonomousgroundvehiclesthatcanoperateindangerousenvironments,suchaswarzones,keepingsoldiersoutofharm'sway.　　AU.S.Congressmandate(训令)requiresthatone-thirdofmilitarygroundvehiclesdrivethemselvesby2015,butthetechnologytomeetthatmandatedoesnotyetexist.　　Sothegovernmentlookedtoenterprisingteamstodevelopthetechnologyfordriverlessvehicles,sweeteningitsofferwiththetwo-million-dollarpurse.　　Noneofthe23teamsknowswhatliesaheadforthisyear'srace.DARPAwon'trevealtheexactrouteuntiltwohoursbeforethestartoftheraceonSaturday.　　ButtheobstaclesontheFontanaqualificationcourse-includingasteel—enforcedtunnelthatwipesoutavehicle'sglobalpositioningsystem—aremadetoresembletherugged,real-lifeconditionsthatthevehicleswillhavetonavigate.　　Thevehiclesusesensorssuchaslasers,cameras,andradartohelpthemavoidobstaclessuchasrocksandcliffs.Thecomputer'sbrainhastofigureouthowtoresolveunexpectedconflicts,likeabouldersittinginthemiddleoftheroad.n　　"ThinkaboutallthedecisionsthatyouandIhavetomakewhenwedrivefromourhousetothestore,"Kurjanowiczsaid."Thesevehicleshavetodothesamething,withoutadriver."　　AmongthetopcontendersinSaturday'sraceisTerraMax,amassivetruckoriginallybuiltbytheWisconsin-basedOshkoshTruckCorporationfortheU.S.Marinecorps.　　Inlastyear'srace,TerraMaxmanagedtogoonly1.2miles(2kilometers).TeamleaderGarySchmiedelexpectstodomuchbetterthisyear.Hepointedtothenewall-wheelsteeringfeatureonthetruckasanimportantaddition.　　"Wecanmovethislarge,15-ton(13.5-metricton)payloadvehicleinaturnthat'sequivalenttothatofaHumvee,"hesaid.Ghostrider　　TheresourcesofteamslikeTerraMaxorCarnegieMellonUniversity,whichhastwovehiclesintheracethisyear,areafarcryfromthoseofsomeoftheothercompetitors,includinginventors,electricians,andevenahighschoolteam.　　Oneentry,fromaSouthernCaliforniateamofengineers,racers,andhot-rodders,iscalledItCameFromtheGarage.Ithasabeerkeg(小桶)stuckonthebackandanon-offswitchthatsays"brain."　　"Mostoftheschoolsandorganizationswe'reupagainstarejustaccessorizingconventionalvehicles,"saidteamleaderChris"C.J."Pedersen,aformeractor."Our[vehicle]isacustom-built,21st-centuryhotrod...completewithhoodscoopandexhaustcomingofftheside."n　　AnthonyLevandowski,aroboticsbuilderfromBerkeley,California,isbackwithGhostrider,theonlymotorcyclerobotinthequalifications.Studdedwithsensorsandcomputers,ittoppled(翻倒)overafter3feet(1meter)inlastyear'srace.　　Levandowski,whohadtopostponehisgraduatestudieswhenhecouldn'tfindafacultyadvisorwhobelieveditwouldbepossibletobuildthemotorcyclerobot,sayshisvehiclehassomedistinctadvantages.　　"We'resmallerandgoalotmoreplaces,"hesaidwhiletinkeringwiththerobotbeforeanothertrialrun."We'realsoalotlessexpensive.Thisbikecostsasmuchasatireorawheelofsomeoftheseotherguys'machines."　　SmartMoney　　NeitherGhostridernorItCameFromtheGaragemadethefinalcutthisweek'squalifyingraces.　　However,anothercrowd-pleaser,Cajunbot—ortheRagin'Cajun—aconvertedall-terrainvehicledevelopedbyateamfromtheUniversityofLouisianainLafayette,did.　　ThesmartmoneyinSaturday'sracemaybeonStanley,aconvertedVolkswagenTouaregmadebyateamatCalifornia'sStanfordUniversity.Itwastheonlyvehiclethatdidn'thitanobstacleinthetrialruns.　　Evenifnoneofthevehiclesfinishestheracethisyear,DARPA'sKurjanowiczsaid,theeventhassucceededingalvanizingroboticsdevelopersandpushingthecreationofnewtechnologies.n　　"ThebeautyoftheGrandChallengeisthatitdoesn'ttellpeoplehowtosolvetheproblem,"hesaid."Thecommunityhascomeupwithitsownelegantsolutions."　　1.Thepassagemainlydescribestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofrobotcarraces.　　2.Lastyear'srobotraceinNevadawasagreatsuccess.　　3.Itisasurprisethatupto43teamscameforthisyear'sracecalledtheGrandChallenge.　　4.ThePentagon'sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA)issponsoringtherace.　　5.TheaimoftheGrandChallengeistospurdevelopmentofautonomousgroundvehicles.　　6.GhostriderandItCameFromtheGaragebothmadethefinalcutatthisweek'squalifyingraces.　　7.TerraMaxwillfinishtheraceandwinthegrandprizeoftwomillionU.S.dollars.　　8.TheobstaclesontheFontanaqualificationcoursearemadetoresemblethe________________.　　9.Theonlymotorcyclerobotinthequalificationsis________________.　　10.Theonlyvehiclethatdidn'thitanobstacleinthetrialrunsis________________.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionAn　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　11.[A]Atthedepartmentstore.[C]Intherestaurant.　　[B]Attheoffice.[D]Inthedrugstore.　　12.[A]Themanshouldn'texpecthertogoalong.　　[B]Shedoesn'tthinkshehasenoughmoney.　　[C]She'llgoeventhoughthemovieisbad.　　[D]Themanshouldcountthenumberofpeoplegoing.　　13.[A]Shewasn'treallystudying.　　[B]Shehadn'tfinishedwritingherarticles.　　[C]Shehadfurnishedherhouse.　　[D]Shecouldwritebeautifully.　　14.[A]Theproblemmayhavebeenaverycomplicatedone.n　　[B]Noonecandoit.　　[C]Thewomanthinksthattheproblemistooeasy.　　[D]Themancansolvetheproblemhimself.　　15.[A]Thejanitoristoobusytodohiswork.　　[B]Thesanitaryconditionsofanapartment.　　[C]Therelationshipbetweenthejanitorandthetwospeakers.　　[D]Thearchitectureofabuilding.　　16.[A]Hecan'tteareitherpieceofcloth.[C]Thepiecesofclotharemadebyasecretprocess.　　[B]Hewantspartofeachpieceofcloth.[D]Thepiecesofclothseemidenticaltohim.　　17.[A]Tuesday.[C]Thursday.　　[B]Wednesday.[D]Friday.　　18.[A]Aphotographer'scamera.[C]Amoviecamera.　　[B]Atelevisioncamera.[D]Theman'sowncamera.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.[A]Memoriesofarecentstorm.[C]WeatherpatternsthatcanaffectFlorida.n　　[B]Howstrongwindsdevelopintoahurricane.[D]Planningasummervacation.　　20.[A]Latesummerissunnyseason.[C]Latesummerisrainyseason.　　[B]Latesummerishurricaneseason.[D]Latesummeriscloudyseason.　　21.[A]Windspeed.[C]Watertemperature.　　[B]Rainfall.[D]Directionofapproach.　　22.[A]Byname.[C]Bylocation.　　[B]Bynumber.[D]Bymonth.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.[A]Herprofessordidnotlikeherstory.　　[B]Shehadtroublefinishingherassignment.　　[C]Shedidnotlikethetopicshehadchosenforherpaper.　　[D]Shewastakingtoomanycourses.　　24.[A]Takesomeextratime.[C]Dosomeworkforanothercourse.　　[B]Doawritingexercise.[D]Writethestoryendingfirst.　　25.[A]Togoshopping.[C]Tomeetwithherprofessor.n　　[B]Todoresearchforherstory.[D]Totakeabreakfromherwork.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.　　PassageOne　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.[A]Givenbythelocalgovernment.[C]Boughtfromdifferentcitiesandvillages.　　[B]Bornbyalargenumberofbitches.[D]Capturedovergrassland.　　27.[A]11-weekcourseforcontrolduty.[C]9-weekcourseforcontrolduty.　　[B]11-weekcourseforpatrolduty.[D]9-weekcourseforpatrolduty.　　28.[A]Catchingrunawaycriminals.[C]Patrollingthedangeroustown.　　[B]Scratchingthehiddenbombs.[D]Drug-sniffingorbomb-sniffing.　　PassageTwo　　Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.n　　29.[A]Goldwasdiscovered.　　[B]Thetranscontinentalrailroadwascompleted.　　[C]ThegoldenGateBridgewasconstructed.　　[D]TelegraphcommunicationswereestablishedwiththeEast.　　30.[A]Abouttwomillion.[C]Aboutfivemillion.　　[B]Aboutthreemillion.[D]Aboutsixmillion.　　31.[A]19milliondollars.[C]37milliondollars.　　[B]32milliondollars.[D]42milliondollars.　　PassageThree　　Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.[A]Computershavebecomepartofourdailylives.　　[B]Computershaveadvantagesaswellasdisadvantages.　　[C]Peoplehavedifferentattitudestocomputers.　　[D]Moreandmorefamilieswillowncomputers.　　33.[A]Computerscanbringfinancialproblems.n　　[B]Computerscanbringunemployment.　　[C]Computerscanbeveryusefulinfamilies.　　[D]Computerizedrobotscantakeoversomeunpleasantjobs.　　34.[A]Computersmaychangethelifetheyhavebeenaccustomedto.　　[B]Spendingtoomuchtimeoncomputersmayspoilpeople'srelationship.　　[C]Buyingcomputersmaycostalotofmoney.　　[D]Computersmaytakeoverhumanbeingsaltogether.　　35.[A]Affectionate.[C]Approving　　[B]Disapproving.[D]Neutral.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblank,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.n　　Developmentbanksareinternationallendinggroups.Theylendmoneytodevelopingcountriestohelpfueleconomicgrowthandsocial(36)________.TheyarenotpartoftheWorldBank,theInternational(37)________FundortheUnitedNations.Themoneycomesfrommembercountriesandborrowingonworldmarkets.　　Developmentbanksprovidelong-termloansatmarket(38)________.Theyprovideevenlonger-termloansatbelow-marketinterestrates.Thesebanksalsoprovidetechnical(39)________and(40)________.　　Therearefourmainones.TheoldestistheInter-AmericanDevelopmentBankinWashington,D.C.Itbeganin1959.PresidentJuscelinoKubitschekofBrazilhad(41)________abanktoaideconomicgrowthintheAmericas.The(42)________ofAmericanStatesagreed.Todaythebankisworthover100,000milliondollars.Itholdsonly4percentofthat.Theothermoneyis(43)________byitsmembers.(44)________________________________________.26countriesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanborrowfromthebank.　　TheAfricanDevelopmentBankhasitsrootsinanagreementsignedinSudanin1963.ItisbasedinAbidjan,IvoryCoast.(45)________________________________________.ThecountrywiththemostvotesinthebankisNigeria,followedasofJulybytheUnitedStates,JapanandEgypt.　　TheAsianDevelopmentBankstartedin1966.ItisbasedinManila,inthePhilippines.Thereare63members,mostlyinAsia.(46)________________________________________.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)n　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage　　Asunflowerisasunflower.Amobilephoneisamobilephone.Butcanyou47thetwotodosomethingforyourlocal48?　　Itmaywellbepossible.Whenyouhavefinishedwithyourmobilephoneyouwillbeableto49itinthegardenoraplantpotandwaitforittoflower.　　50,abiodegradable(生物可降解的)mobilephonewasintroducedbyscientists.Itishopedthatthenewtypeofphonewillencourage51torecycle.　　Scientistshavecomeupwithanewmaterialoverthelastfiveyears.Itlookslikeanyother52andcanbehardorsoft.andabletochangeshape.Overtimeitcanalsobreakdownintothesoilwithoutgivingoutanytoxic53.Britishresearchersusedthenewmaterialtodevelopaphonecoverthatcontainsasunflowerseed.Whenthisnewtypeofcoverturnsintowaste,it54nitrates(硝酸盐).Thesefeedtheseedandhelptheflowergrow.n　　Engineershavedesignedasmall55windowtoholdtheseed.Theyhavemadesureitonlygrowswhenthephoneisthrownaway.　　"We'veonlyputsunflowerseedsintothecoverssofar.Butweareworkingwithplant56tofindoutwhichflowerswouldperformbest.Maybewecouldputrosesinnexttime,"saidonescientist.　　[A]Recently　　[B]consumers　　[C]chemicals　　[D]environment　　[E]combine　　[F]transparent　　[G]buy　　[H]companion[I]experts　　[J]forms　　[K]bury　　[L]papern　　[M]paper　　[N]plastic　　[O]Usually　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.　　PassageOne　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.　　Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes"remembering"thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.n　　Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100,000"words"—stringofalphabeticornumericalcharacters—readyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.S.teenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.　　Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.　　57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?　　[A]Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday.　　[B]Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast.　　[C]Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills.　　[D]Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent.n　　58.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat________.　　[A]itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior　　[B]itkeepsinformationforlateruse　　[C]itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly　　[D]itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast　　59.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?　　[A]Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes.　　[B]Computersareasintelligentasateenageris.　　[C]Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words.　　[D]Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers.　　60.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman'smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?　　[A]Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage.[C]Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast.　　[B]Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords.[D]Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit.　　61.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby_______.　　[A]havingtheabilitytoperceivedangern　　[B]havingafargreatermemorycapacity　　[C]havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight　　[D]havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiencesPassageTwo　　Questions62to66arebasedinthefollowingpassage.　　"Family"isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof"family"initsnarrow,peculiarlyEuropeansenseofmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouseasaneconomicandsocialunit.Thus,everyBritishmarriageindicatesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily—hencethetremendousimportanceofmarriageinBritishlife.　　Forboththemanandthewoman,marriagemeansleavingone'sparentsandstartingone'sownlife.Theman'sfirstdutywillthenbetohiswife,andthewife'stoherhusband.Hewillbeentirelyresponsibleforherfinancialsupport,andshefortherunningofthenewhome.Theirchildrenwillbetheircommonresponsibilityandtheirsalone.Neitherthewife'sparentsnorthehusband's,northeirbrothersorsisters,auntsoruncles,haveanyrighttointerferewiththem—theyaretheirownmasters.　　ReadersofnovelslikeJaneAusten'sPrideandPrejudicewillknowthatinformertimesmarriageamongwealthyfamilieswasarrangedbythegirl'sparents,thatis,itwastheparents'dutytofindasuitablehusbandfortheirdaughter,preferablyarichone,andbyskillfulnencouragementtoleadhimeventuallytoasktheirpermissiontomarryher.Untilthattime,thegirlwasprotectedandmaintainedintheparents'home,andthefinancialreliefofgettingridofhercouldbeseenintheirgivingthenewlymarriedpairasumofmoneycalledadowry(嫁妆).Itisverydifferenttoday.Mostgirlsoftodaygetajobwhentheyleaveschoolandbecomefinanciallyindependentbeforetheirmarriage.Thishashadtworesults:agirlchoosesherownhusband,andshegetsnodowry.　　62.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"'Family'isofcourseanelasticword"?　　[A]Differentfamilieshavedifferentwaysoflife.　　[B]Differentdefinitionscouldbegiventotheword.　　[C]Differentnationshavedifferentfamilies.　　[D]Differenttimesproducedifferentfamilies.　　63.ForanEnglishfamily,thehusband'sdutyis________.　　[A]supportingthefamilywhilethewifeisfinancial　　[B]defendingthefamilywhilethewifeisrunningthehome　　[C]financialwhilethewifeisrunningthehome　　[D]independentwhilethewifeisdependent　　64.Everythingisdecidedinafamily________.n　　[A]bythecouple[C]bybrothersandsisters　　[B]withthehelpoftheirparents[D]withthehelpofauntsanduncles　　65.WhatisTRUEconcerningthebookPrideandPrejudice?　　[A]Itisthebestbookonmarriage.　　[B]Itisahandbookofmarriage.　　[C]ItgivesquitesomeideasofEnglishsociallifeinthepast.　　[D]Itprovidesalotofinformationofformertimewealthyfamilies.　　66.WithregardtomarriageinBritain,presentdaygirlsdifferfromformertimegirlsin________.　　[A]therighttomarry[C]choosinghusbands　　[B]moreparentalsupport[D]socialposition　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[d]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.n　　Anadultgiraffe'sheadisaboutsixfeetaboveitsheart.Thismeansthatto67enoughblooduptothebrainthecirculatory68mustbestrongenoughtokeepthebloodatveryhighpressure.　　Biologistshaveknownforsometimethatgiraffessolvethisproblembyhaving69highbloodpressure,about70thatofhumanbeings.Butaninternationalteamofbiologistsbeganto71aboutthis.Ifgiraffeshavesuchhighbloodpressure,theyshouldhavea72problemwithswellingintheirlegsandfeet.Whydon'tgiraffeshaveswollenfeet?　　Giraffesshouldhave73problem,too.Everytimetheybendheads74todrink,thebloodshould75totheirheadsandhaveahardtime76backup(whentheheadisdown)totheheart.Howcomegiraffesdon'tblackoutwhentheydrink?　　Theanswertothe77feetproblem,theresearchersfound,isthatgiraffeshave78theresearcherscalla"naturalanti-gravitysuit".It79outthattheskinandother80intheirlegsandfeetare81stifferandtougherthanthoseofother82.Asaresult,thebloodvesselsinthelegcannotswell.　　Therefore,thebloodhasnowheretogobutbacktotheheart.Whataboutbloodrushingtothehead83thegiraffebendsdowntodrink?Theresearchersfoundthatthegiraffe'sjugularvein,which84bloodfromtheheadbacktotheheart,haslotsofone-wayvalvesinit.Inthegiraffe'sneck,therearelotsofmusclesthatflexandrelaxrepeatedlyastheanimalmovesitsheadandsucks85drinkingwater.Bysqueezingthevalvedjugularvein,they86bloodmovingbacktotheheartevenwhiletheanimalisdrinking.　　67.[A]bring[B]produce[C]transfer[D]pumpn　　68.[A]structure[B]system[C]function[D]organism　　69.[A]unusually[B]generally[C]uncomfortably[D]commonly　　70.[A]half[B]multiple[C]double[D]pair　　71.[A]investigate[B]wonder[C]undertake[D]learn　　72.[A]terrible[B]unreliable[C]unsolvable[D]advisable　　73.[A]other[B]some[C]others[D]another　　74.[A]up[B]down[C]toward[D]aside　　75.[A]crush[B]brush[C]push[D]rush　　76.[A]following[B]returning[C]plowing[D]pouring　　77.[A]healthy[B]swollen[C]dreary[D]radical　　78.[A]what[B]where[C]that[D]those　　79.[A]reveals[B]indicates[C]figures[D]turns　　80.[A]tissues[B]vessels[C]pores[D]organs　　81.[A]many[B]very[C]much[D]less　　82.[A]giraffes[B]animals[C]people[D]creaturesn　　83.[A]whenever[B]whatever[C]however[D]wherever　　84.[A]reflects[B]releases[C]receives[D]carries　　85.[A]in[B]up[C]to[D]from　　86.[A]permit[B]prevent[C]retain[D]keep　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.　　87.Livinginthedeserthasmanyproblems,________________________(缺水并不是惟一的问题).　　88.Theproduction________________________(增加到每月500吨)bytheendofthismonth.　　89.Somechildrenputmuchemphasis________________________(有足够的钱以便到外面去痛快享受).　　90.Please________________________(不要忘记让你姐姐到超市买一些牛排).　　91.Thestudentsnow________________________(宁愿上网，也不愿意到图书馆去看书).2010年6月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷三答案详解　　PartIWritingn　　DearMark,　　YouwillneverguesswhatIamgoingtotellyouinthisletter.IhavereceivedtheletterofadmissionfromHarvardUniversity.ThismeansIamgoingtodomydoctordegreeprogramthisfallinAmerica.Afteryearsofhardwork,Iknowhavefinallyrealizedmydreamofbeingabletoworkinthemostadvancedlaboratoryintheworldwiththemostoutstandingtopscientistsinthefieldofgeneticengineering.　　Iamnowverybusypreparingforthistripofutmostimportanceinmylife.IspendmostofmytimeimprovingmyoralandauralEnglish.YouknowIhaveagoodcommandofwrittenEnglish.Infact,IhavewrittenmypapersinEnglish,someofwhichhavebeenpublishedabroadalready.ButmylisteningandspeakingabilityofEnglishisfarbehind.IamafraidthatthispoorcommandoflisteningandspeakingwillhindertheeffectivecommunicationonceIamabroad.CanyoujustsuggestanygoodwayofimprovingmyoralEnglishskillsquickly?Iamabitanxiousrecently.　　Anyway,Iwilltrymybest.　　Hopetohearfromyousoon!　　Yours,　　LiMing　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.N本题考察文章的大意，可在做完后面9题后再解答。本文主要介绍有关robotraces比赛的情况，而不是比赛的优点和缺点，故题干表述错误。n　　2.N由原文第二段首句可知，mostrobotsbarelymanagedtogetoffthestartingline，这就说明比赛并不算成功，故题干表述错误。　　3.N根据题干中的信息词thisyear'srace和theGrandChallenge定位原文第四段Nosurprise,then,that43teams...可知题干表述错误。　　4.Y根据题干中的信息词ThePentagon'sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA)定位原文，可知题干表述正确。　　5.Y根据题干中的信息词theaimoftheGrandChallenge定位原文，发现答案在小标题UnknownCourse下第一段，可知题干表述正确。　　6.N小标题SmartMoney下第一段明确指出NeitherGhostridernorItCameFromtheGaragemadethefinalcutatthisweek'squalifyingraces，可知题干是错误的。　　7.NG问中并未提及谁最终获得得了大奖。　　8.rugged,real-lifeconditions。本题内容是关于跑道(course)上设置的障碍物(obstacles)的，可推知答案在小标题UnknownCourse下，其中第五段给出了答案。　　9.Ghostrider。答案在小标题Ghostrider下第四段。预读题干发现only这种绝对化表达，在阅读文章时要格外留意。　　10.Stanley。答案在全文倒数第三段末句。此题仍然考查了only这种绝对化表达。　　PartIIIListeningComprehension　　SectionAn　　11.C综合推断题。对话中的Hereisthemenu.Wouldyouliketoordernow?是餐厅服务员接待客人的常用语，因此对话应该发生在餐厅里，所以C正确。　　12.A信息明示题。男士建议大家一起去城里看电影，女士认为看电视物非所值，让他不要把自己算在内，所以A正确。　　13.B综合推断题。女士说简已经为她的研究项目写了一些文章，男士说看来她已经写完了。言外之意，男士原以为简并没写完，所以B正确。　　14.A综合推断题。男士不知道琳达能否解决这类问题，女士回答说如果琳达解决不了，就每人能解决了。言外之意，琳达能力很强，要她才能解决的问题应该比较复杂，只有A最符合题意。　　15.B综合推断题。女士准备请门卫打扫大厅，男士说能否让他也清洗一下楼梯，由此可知，他们对大楼的卫生状况不满，即在谈论大楼的卫生状况，故选B。　　16.D信息明示题。女士说两块面料一块是纯羊毛的另一块是合成纤维的;男士对此表示惊讶，说自己无法区分它们，所以D正确。　　17.C信息明示题。男士问最新一期的《上海日报》到了吗，今天都已经星期二了;女士道歉说报纸晚了，估计后天能到，即报纸星期四到，故选C。　　18.B综合推断题。男士让女士在摄像机前表现得自然一些，女士说面对上千万观众自己怎么能自然呢，由此推断，B(电视摄像机)正确。　　ConversationOnen　　19.C主旨题。由对话中的ahurricane-trackingchart及hereontheFloridacoast可知，对话是针对可能影响佛罗里达的天气情况展开的，所以C正确。　　20.B信息明示题。女士说Latesummerishurricaneseason，由此可知B正确。　　21.A信息明示题。男士问女士几种热带天气现象的区别是什么，女士回答说是windvelocity(风速)，所以A正确。　　22.A信息明示题。女士说气象预报员用人名给风暴命名以便于区分，所以A正确。　　ConversationTwo　　23.B综合推断题。女士说还没有完成创意写作课所留的故事写作作业，接着进一步说自己写不下去了，由此推断，女士在写作中遇到了问题，故选B。　　24.B信息明示题。女士说，教授建议她写下所想到的所有东西，无论那是否有意义，就像做热身练习一样，故选B。　　25.B综合推断题。女士说去珠宝店是为了自己的故事，她所描写的侦探破获了一桩珠宝抢劫案，她要去了解一下与此相关的事物，由此推断，她去珠宝店是为自己的故事做调查，故选B。SectionB　　PassageOne　　26.C信息明示题。文章提到Thisteam(airforceteam)visitslargecitiesacrossthecountrytobuythedogs，即他们到全国各大城市买狗，所以C正确。n　　27.B信息明示题。文章提到狗的第一个训练阶段是an11-weekcourseforpatrolduty，所以B正确。　　28.D信息明示题。文章提到，在为期9个星期的课程中，Theylearndrug-sniffingorbomb-sniffing，所以D正确。　　PassageTwo　　29.A信息明示题。文章提到1848年发现金矿后旧金山的人口增加到一万，所以A正确。　　30.B信息明示题。文章明确指出TodaySanFranciscohasapopulationofalmostthreemillion，所以B正确。　　31.B信息明示题。文章明确指出atacostof32milliondollars，所以B正确。　　PassageThree　　32.C主旨题。文章主要是围绕computerlovers和computerhaters的不同看法而展开的，由此可知，本文主要论述了人们对电脑的不同看法，所以C正确。　　33.A信息明示题。文章提到电脑对做生意、教育及家庭都非常有用;还提到电脑化的机器人可以代替人类做一些让人讨厌的工作，同时也可能导致部分人失业;但并未提到电脑可能会带来财政问题，故选A。　　34.D信息明示题。文章最后提到theirbiggestfearisthatcomputersmayeventuallytakeoverhumanbeingsaltogether,所以D正确。　　35.D综合推断题。文章既提到电脑爱好者的态度，又提到反对电脑的人的态度，用词客观，用词客观，不带任何个人感情，所以D正确。n　　SectionC　　36.progress37.Monetary38.rates39.assistance　　40.advice41.proposed42.Organization43.guaranteed　　44.47countriesaroundtheworldownthebank.TheUnitedStatesowns30percentasthelargestshareholder.　　45.Thereare24membersintheAmericas,EuropeandAsiainadditionto53inAfrica.　　46.Likealldevelopmentbanks,itissupervisedbyaBoardofGovernors.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)　　SectionA　　47.E该空应填入动词原形，选项中只有E、G和K是动词原形。文章前两句点明两者是截然不同的东西，这里用but一转，讲能不能把两者结合起来，E最符合文章。　　48.D本题需通读下文，对整篇文章有所了解才能得出答案。由下文的相关信息词biodegradable(生物可降解的)，recycle(回收)等可知D最符合文意。　　49.K该名前半句讲手机报废，所以极可能是把废弃的手机扔进或埋进花园，动词原形的E.G.K中，K最符合文意。　　50.A分析空格所在句的句子结构，空格处应充当状语成分且需大写，结合词义，选项中A符合文意。n　　51.B结合句意“这种新型手机有望激励________进行回收利用”可推知此空应填入表示人的名词，故B最符合文意。　　52.N前句提到科学家开发了一种新材料，接着谈到这种新材料像其他________一样容易塑形，这正是塑料的特性，故选N。　　53.C空格所在句意为“随着时间的流逝，它也能分解到土壤里，而且不会释放出任何有毒的________”，分解多半与化学有关，所以空格处应填入chemicals(化学物质)。　　54.J该空需填入第三人称单数的动词形式，选项中只有J符合文意。　　55.F该空需填入一个形容词，选项中只有F和O是形容词，F(透明的)符合文意。因为只有透明的才方便工程师观察，才有下面的makesure一说。　　56.I由句意“但我们(工程师)现在正和植物________合作…”可知，空格处应选表一类人的名词，且用可数形式，B、I中I符合文意。　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　57.D推断题。由文章第一段可知，在我们过去的经验中可以找到对日常各种看法的理解、我们做决定的基础、我们习惯的根源以及我们所掌握的技能，而所有这些经验都通过记忆和现在联系在了一起，所以D正确。　　58.C细节题。本题可采用排除法。A、B、D三项在文章第二、三段中均有提及，而原文中并没有提出C(记忆告诫人们不要重复做事情)，故选C。n　　59.D推断题。由文章第三段中的...teenagerprobablyrecognizes...100,000words...thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored可知，电脑与青少年都有10万单词的记忆量，但对于青少年来说，这只占大脑信息存储量的一小部分，言外之意是人脑优于电脑，所以D正确。　　60.B细节题。文章最后一段第三句明确指出，语言可以极大地扩展人类记忆事物的数量和种类，第四句又说这一特点使人有别于动物，由此可知这是人类记忆力的主要特点，所以A正确。　　61.B细节题。由文章最后一句指出人类强大的记忆力使人区别于其他动物，故选B。　　PassageTwo　　62.B语义题。本题主要考查从下文猜测词义的能力，即对elastic的理解。由下文But引出的并列句可猜测出英国人对家庭的概念不同于其他国家的人，由此推断，不同人对家庭的定义是不一样的，因此B正确。elastic原意为“有弹性的，非固定不变的”，而该句意为“‘家庭’是一个有多种含义的词”。　　63.C细节题。由文章第二段第三句可知，在英国家庭中，男人是女人的财政支柱(responsibleforherfinancialsupport),女人负责管家，所以C正确。　　64.A推断题。由文章第二段最后一句可知，没有任何人能干涉夫妻俩的事——他们是自己的主人，由此可知，家里的事由夫妻俩做主，所以A正确。　　65.C推断题。由文章第三段可知，《傲慢与偏见》讲述了当时的婚姻状况——有钱人的婚姻都由女方的父母做主，这是当时英国社会生活的一个方面，所以C正确。　　66.D推断题。文章第三段谈到了过去和现在的女孩在决定婚姻中地位的不同，并指出现在的女孩结婚前经济就可以独立，婚姻自由，由此可知，她们的社会地位比以前有了很大提高，所以D正确。nPartVCloze　　67.D词义辨析题。文章第一句就指出，成年长颈鹿的脑袋在心脏以上6英尺高的地方。空格所在句子意思是：这意味着，要________足够的血液到大脑，循环________必须足够强壮才能保持血液有很强的压力。pump除了表示“用泵抽”之意，还可以表示“(用泵拉取)注入”，符合句意，所以D正确。　　68.B词义辨析题。由空格所在句意可知，空格处是指长颈鹿的循环系统，所以B正确。　　69.A词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：生物学家已经发现长颈鹿有________很高的血压能解决这个问题，由此可知，这个很高的血压应该是与众不同的，所以A正确。　　70.C词义辨析题。根据空格前面句子意思可知，空格处应该是一个表示倍数的词。double名词表示“两们”，符合句意，所以选C。前面提到长颈鹿的血压很高，所以排除A;multiple只是指“倍数，若干”，但是没有说明是多少倍，所以排除。　　71.B词义辨析题。空格所在句子句首的but表示转折，说明句子内容与前面提到的内容不同，选项中只有wonder一词可以表达这种不同，即“一个国际生物学家小组对此表示怀疑”，所以B正确。　　72.A词义辨析题。空格所在的句意为：如果长颈鹿的血压有这么高，那么它们会有________的问题。选项中terrible意为“很糟糕的”，unreliable意为“不可靠的”，unsolvable意为“不能解决的”，advisable意为“可取的”，只有terrible符合句意，所以A正确。　　73.D词义辨析题。通读第三段可知，该段是在讲长颈鹿血压很高的话为什么喝水时不会晕倒这个问题，所以该空格所在句子意思是“长颈鹿还应该有另一个问题”，而不是“有其他问题”，所以D正确。排除A。　　74.B词义辨析题。根据常识可知，长颈鹿要把头低下来喝水，所以B正确。n　　75.D词义辨析题。本句意思是长颈鹿低头喝水时，血液应该________到大脑。rush意为“冲;急流”，符合句意，所以D正确。crush意为“压碎”，brush意为“刷”，push意为“推动”。　　76.C词义辨析题。根据句意可知，长颈鹿头低下的时候，血液流回到心脏比较困难，所以C正确。return作不及物动词时虽然也可以表示“返回”，但它本身已经包含back的含义，所以排除。　　77.B词义辨析题。联系上下文可知，如果长颈鹿血压很高，那么它们会有腿部肿胀的问题，空格所在句子就是指长颈鹿对于腿部肿胀问题的解决，所以B正确。原文第二段已经出现swollenfeet这一表达，根据原词复现的原理也可知本题选B。　　78.A语法结构题。空格为所在句子从句的引导词，在从句中作宾语，所以A正确。　　79.D惯用搭配题。选项中能与out搭配的词有figure和turn,figureout表示“计算出;解决”，不合句意，排除;turnout表示“证实;发觉是”，符合句意，所以D正确。reveal意为“揭示”，indicate意为“指出”。　　80.A词义辨析题。空格前的and说明空格处的词和skin并列，句意为“它们腿和脚上的皮肤和其它________”。tissue意为“组织”，符合句意，所以A正确。vessel意为“血管”，pore意为“小孔”，organ意为“器官”。　　81.C语法结构题。空格后为两个形容词比较级，由此可知空格应该是能够修饰形容词比较级的词，结合句意可知长劲鹿腿和脚的皮肤和其他组织更坚硬，所以much符合句意，C正确。　　82.B词义辨析题。由空格前的than可知，是拿长劲鹿和其他动物做比较，所以B正确。　　83.A逻辑衔接题。空格所在句子意思是：________长劲鹿低头喝水时，血液冲向大脑怎么办?根据句意可知whenever符合，所以A正确。n　　84.D词义辨析题。空格所在句子意思为：(长劲鹿的劲静脉)能将血液从大脑________回心脏。carry符合句意，所以D正确。　　85.B惯用搭配题。suckup意为“吸收”，suckin意为“利用;欺骗;诈取”，to和from不能和suck搭配，suckup符合句意，所以B正确。　　86.D词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：通过挤压劲静脉的阀门，它们能________血液流回到心脏，甚至在长颈鹿喝水的时候也能。keep符合句意，所以D正确。　　PartVITranslation　　87.ofwhichthelackofwaterisnottheonlyone　　依照给出的中文，可译为thelackofwaterisnottheonlyproblem，但已给出的英文部分已经是个完整的句子，所以译文应以从句的形式出现。缺水是manyproblems中的一个问题，故使用表示所属关系的of+which结构来引导。缺水也可译为watershortage。　　88.willhaverisen/willriseto500tonspermonth　　rise和raise都可指“升高，增长”，前者为不及物动词，后者为及物动词。本句为主谓结构，故用不及物动词rise。by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，意为“不迟于”，所以主句一般是完成时态，当然也可用将来时态。　　89.onhavingenoughmoneytoenjoythemselvesoutside　　putemphasison/upon是固定短语，意为“强调，注重”，后接名词或动名词。　　90.don'tforgettoaskyoureldersistertobuysomesteakinthesupermarketn　　动词forget后面可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟动词的-ing形式。前者意为“不要忘了去做某事”，即动作还没有发生;后者意为“不要忘了做过某事”，即动作已经发生。由于本句中的动作还没有发生，所以应用forget+动词不定式的形式。　　91.prefernetsurfingtoreadinginthelibrary　　“宁愿……而不愿……”通常用prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.的结构来表示，要注意的是，该结构中的to是介词，后面应跟名词或动名词。