2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案汇总[1]

2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案汇总[1]

2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案汇总一、写作部分Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words。NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill　　Nogreatworkcanbeperformedwithoutwill.Weenvyfamousmenandimaginethatfamewasduetosometrickofluck.Butwhenweknowtheirhistories,wefindthatitislongyearsofwillandconstanteffortthathavebroughtabouttheirsuccess.Justaswecan’treachthetopofamountainwithoutclimbing,wecan’tachievesuccesswithoutwill。　　Themodernsocietyprovidespeoplewithmoreopportunitiesthanbefore,andtherearestorieswhichtellusthepossibilityofbecomingsuccessfulovernight.Actuallythatisnotthecase.Beforethesepeoplebecomesuccessful,alotofhardworkhasbeendone,unnoticedmostly.Whatweusuallyseeistheresult,butwhatweignoreisalongprocessofstrugglingforwardandwrestlingwithinternalorexternalobstacles.Take“quittingsmoking”forexample,whichis,tomostpeople,adifficulttask,sopeoplealwaysgiveuptheideafortheydon’thavethestrongwill。Inanutshell,strongwillisanimportantconditionorroleofthesuccesstheindividualshoulddesiretomaintainforever.Thereisnoinstantsuccessinthisworld.Strongwillisthebestpolicytomakeyourlifedistinctandyourdreamscometrue。本次四级考试听力短对话前四题11-14首先从题型上来看，11题是建议请求类，考生在备考阶段反复背诵，以及课堂上反复强调的“whynot…。”引出建议，不容错过；12题是转这类与条件关系类相结合，“but”与“IwishIcouldhave…。。”，是平时授课和考生练习的重点与难点；13题稍微复杂点，首先它满足转这类与因果类题型相结合，同时答案的重点落在了第一个说话人身上；课堂上我们与学生分享，总有那么一道题，第一个人说的话会重要，那么此题亦是；同样，如果听懂，第二个说话人的but与because等内容，也能推断出答案的。14题是肯定与否定题型，不过问题设置的比较简单，考生只要能听懂期中一人的内容，或者听懂一些关键词，即可选对地点。这是从题型上来解析这些题。　　然后我们看一下，从场景出发：11题是交通购票类。我们在课堂上，与同学们分享过交通词，与娱乐购票词，相信这些词都难不倒大家，同时出现的schedule与confused等词也是反复强化过的。12题是娱乐场景，关于看电视的，其中暗含的虚拟语气语法点，要求考生掌握；13题是交通场景，其中的Airport,please thefastestway,alotoftraffic等词都容易帮学生锁定题目；14题是餐厅场景，recommendation与seafood等词很快烘托出答案。　　当然学生在考场中，肯定是将十八般武艺全都用上，尽量选对答案。n　　本次四级听力短对话的后四题的话题分别是“工作”、“校园住房”、“学习”、“天气”，都属于我们课上强调的“听力10大场景”，所以如果考生在上考场之前有再复习一下这几类场景词的话，听懂意思完全是没有问题的。　　15题中有position,appealto,salesmanager,vacant，其中特别重要的是position和vacant,很明显这个男的是想要申请该公司的销售经理职位，如果这个职位还是空缺的话，所以答案应该是男的在找工作。　　16题中有dormitory,privacy,rentanapartment，学生在学校住房一般都不会对宿舍环境太满意，在这题中，男的觉得在宿舍中无法保护自己的隐私，女的虽然很理解他的想法，但是题目中的but非常明显的表示答案应该在后面。女的相对而言还是比较理性，她建议男人先看一下租房的费用，所以推测出的答案应该是女的建议男的还是待在宿舍。　　17题中有topic,researchpaper,这个对话体现的是学生写论文的通病。一般都是选择的话题过大，需要缩小范围。从对话中我们可以推测出两人在讨论写论文。　　18题中有picnic,weather,inside，这个关于天气类的对话算是后4道中稍难一些的，因为有单词cooperative，表示的意思是“合作的”，也就是说天气这次在野餐中还是很配合的，看来两个人野餐时光也是度过得很开心。　　总结来说，这后4道短对话的话题还是考生所熟悉的，技巧也是我们时常提醒的“转折后面有考题”，所以要抓住4道中的3道难度还是不大。(杨芳宋倩倩)话题类别：文化类　　文章大意：　　本文通过一段美国艺术家的演讲引出“人与人交往过程中因为文化差异产生的问题”。先讲到很多日本的听众在演讲的过程中是紧闭双眼的，在演讲者看来，这是不尊重(respect)的表现。然而后来才知道在日本文化的理念中，事实相反，这恰恰是听众增进集中度(enhanceconcentration)的表现。学习“不同文化的标志”(differentculturesignal)可以使你避免误解(avoidmisunderstanding)。在北美文化中，聋哑人拍手(clapping)并不意味着赞同，有时他们会用挥手(wavingintheair)代替。在北美少数名族的文化中，直视(lookdirectly)演讲者，被视为不尊重(disrespect)。他们会用关注大体方向(lookingingeneraldirection)表达。在一些国家，吹口哨(whistling)被视为赞同(approval)，但在另一些国家则被视为侮辱(insult)。　　考题解析：26.”WhatdidAC’sspeechfocuson?”问演讲者关注的的什么。27.WhydoJapanesesometimesclosetheireyeswhilelisteningtoaspeech？为什么日本观众会在演讲过程中紧闭双眼。28.Whatdoesthespeakertrytoexplain？演讲者试图说些什么？二、快速阅读WhatisIntegrity?n　　"Integrity"isdefinedas"adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty."Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation。　　Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals。　　RiskyBusiness　　Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture。　　Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense。　　"ButEverybodyDoesIt"　　Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit,""I'mnothurtinganyone,"or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookingatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions。　　Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sagoodindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself。　　EvaluatingRisksn　　Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme")，andsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"0"onatestorassignment;an"F"intheclass;SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory。　　GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot　　Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'tgetthissimplemessage:HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks。　　CheatingHurtsOthers,Too　　Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheat,Ican'tcompetewiththosewhodo.")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,butacheatersays,"I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree。　　WhyIntegrityMatters　　Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisnendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation。Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______。　　A)stickstothemintheirdailylife　　B)makesthemknowntoothers　　C)understandstheirtruevalues　　D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem　　2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?　　A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit　　B)Itfacilitatescommunication　　C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust　　D)Itinspiresmutualrespect　　3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？　　A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices。　　B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress。　　C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules。　　D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble。　　4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?　　A.ithascausednoharm。n　　B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional。　　C.ithasgoneunnoticed。　　D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions。　　5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?　　A.Avoidmakingexcuses。　　B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice。　　C.Makehisintensionspublic。　　D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder。　　6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______。　　A.willoftenbecomemorecautious　　B.areusuallyveryaggressive　　C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost。　　D.mayloseeverythingintheend　　7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______。　　A)paymoredearly　　B)becomemoreconfident　　C)bewidelyadmired　　D)feelsomewhatlucky　　8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowtostealingagrade　　9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’shonestyandgoodfaith。　　10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal。 深度阅读：n这篇深度阅读属于教育类，涉及对教育体制的探讨----男女分校还是男女合校，而且着重分析分校教育给男学生带来的最大好处：有助于其文化艺术领域以及情感的培养等。教育类话题基本以批判为主，而且出题点和角度通常是呼吁教育改革或者教学模式来让学生的利益最大化。新研究认为，传统教学模式下，女生先天具有的语言和情感的优势使得男生不得不改变身份，按照角色定式来强迫自己表现的有男子汉气概。而事实上，男生更具有敏锐的视角，空间感知能力，血气方刚，诗性逻辑等。老师可以根据这些男性风格特质来量体裁衣，采取灵活的授课方法来发掘男生这些潜在特质，使得他们形成更天然完善的人格。　　57.【C】encourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreely　　考察人物观点的细节题。根据single-sexschool定位至第三段第一句：boysatsingle-sexschoolsweresaidto….Thathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness.有助于情感的表达。C项encourage和develop同义，expressiveness和express词性转换。　　58.【A】performrelativelybetter　　此题属于隐性定位的细节题。对大部分考生来说可能比较难以定位。但是如果定准确了答案迎刃而解。Itiscommonlybelievedthat似乎没有找到类似的定位词，但是原文goagainstreceivedwisdomthat,receivedwisdom即为普遍接受的智慧，即commonlybelieved. 所以答案为dobetter的替换，即performrelativelybetter。 　　59.【C】itfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed　　细节题。由大写人名和Britisheducation定位至第5段第二行。Ithadbecometoofocusedongirls.此题B具有迷惑性，但细看意思是不对的。C项对原句进行反义解释，即failtogiveboys==toofocusedongirls 　　60.【A】teachingcanbetailedtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys　　细节题。定位至倒数第三段第一行。Teacherscantailortheirlessonstoboys’learningstyle..从老师的角度讲教学方式tailor..to，所以答案锁定A和D，但是D很明显不对，所以C显而易见。 　　61.【C】Theyhavesharpervision　　典型的是非细节题判断。根据人名定位至第8段第二行。Boysgenerallyhavemoreacutevision,learn….所以B项为正确项。三、听力部分　　听力长对话原文：　　2011年12月17日大学英语四级考试听力之长对话第一篇原文：n　　M:WhenIsayIliveinSweden,peoplealwayswanttoknowabouttheseasons。　　W:Theseasons?　　M:Yeah,youknow,howcolditisinwinter,whyitslightinthedayissoshort?　　W:Sowhatisitlike?　　M:Well,it’scold,verycoldinwinter,sometimesascoldas26degreesbelowcentigrade.Andofcourse,whenyougoout,youwrapupwarm,butinside,inthehouses,it’salwaysverywarm,muchwarmerthanathome.SwedishpeoplealwayscomplainthatwhentheyvisitEngland,thehousesarecoldevenwhenthey’reinwinter. 　　W:Andwhataboutthedarkness?　　M:Oh,yeah,aroundChristmastime,there’sonlyonehourofdaylight,soyoureallylookforwardtothespring.It’ssometimesabitdepressing,butyou’llseethesummersareamazing.FromMaytoJulyinthenorthofSweden,thesunneversets.It’sstilllightatmid-night.Youcanwalkinthemountainsandreadanewspaper。　　W:Oh,yeah,theLandoftheMid-nightSun。　　M:That’sright,butit’swonderful.YouwanttostayupallnightandtheSweden’smadethemostofit.Oftentheystartworkearlyinsummerandthenleaveatabout2or3intheafternoonsothattheycanreallyenjoythelongsummerevenings.Theyliketoworkhard,butplayhardtoo.IthinkLondonersworklongerhours,butI’mnotsurethisisagoodthing。　　Question19:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?　　Question20:WhatdoSwedishpeoplecomplainaboutwhentheyvisitEnglandinwinter?　　Question21:HowdoesthemandescribetheshorthourofdaylightaroundChristmasinSweden？　　Question22:WhatdoesthemansayabouttheSwedishpeople?　　2011年12月17日大学英语四级考试听力之长对话第二篇原文：　　W:Whatkindoftrainingdoesoneneedtogointothistypeofjob?　　M:That’saverygoodquestion.Idon’tthinkthereisany,specifically。　　W:Forexample,inyourcase,what’syoureducationalbackground?　　M:Well,IgetadegreeinFrenchinNottingham,afterthat,Ididcareer’sworkinsecondaryschools,likethecareer’sguidancepeoplehereintheuniversity.ThenIwentintolocalgovernment,becauseIfoundIwasmoreinterestedintheadministrativeside.Thenprogressedonntouniversities.Sothereisn’tanyplanandspecifictraining.Thereareplentyoftrainingcoursesinmanagementtechniquesandcommitteeworkwhichyoucanattendnow。　　W:Butinthefirstplace,youdidaFrenchdegree。　　M:Inmytime,therewasn’tadegreeyoucoulddoforadministration.IthinkmostoftheadministratorsI’vecomeacrosshavedegreesinallsortsofthings。　　W:Well,IknowinmycaseIdidanEnglishLiteraturedegreeandIdidn’treallyexpecttoendupdoingwhatI’mdoingnow。　　M:Quite。　　W:WereyoulocaltoNottinghamactually?IsthereanyreasonwhyyouwenttoNottinghamUniversity?　　M:No,no.IcomefromthenorthofEnglandfromwestYorkshire,NottinghamisonetheuniversitiesIputonmylistandIlikethelookofit.Thecampusisjustbeautiful。　　W:Yes,indeed.Let’ssee,wereyoufromtheindustrialpartofYorkshire?　　M:Yes,fromtheWoolendistrict。　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard。　　Question23：Whatwastheman’smajoratuniversity?　　Question24：Whatwastheman’sjobinsecondaryschools?　　Question25：WhatattractedthemantoNottinghamUniversity?　　第三篇短文　　Proverbs,sometimescalled‘sayings’areexamplesoffolkwiththem.Littlelistenswhicholderpeopleoftheculturepassdowntotheyoungerpeopletoteachthemaboutlife.Manyproverbsremindpeopleofthevaluesthatareimportantintheculture.Valuesteachpeoplehowtoact,whatisrightandwhatiswrong,.Becausethevaluesoftheeachculturearedifferent,understandingthevaluesofanotherculturehelpsexplainhowpeoplethinkandact.Understandingyourownculturalvaluesisimportanttoo.ifyoucanacceptthatpeoplefromotherculturesactaccordingtotheirvalues,notyours,gettingalongwiththemwillbemucheasier,Manyproverbsareveryold,sosomeofthevaluestheyteachmaynotbeasimportantinthecultureastheyoncewere,Forexample,Americanstodaydonotpaymuchattentiontotheproverb“hastemakeswaste”，becausepatienceisnotimportanttothem.butifyouknowaboutpastvalues,ithelpsyoutounderstandthepresent.andmanyoftheoldervaluesarestillstrongtoday.BenjaminFranklin,afamousAmericandiplomat,writerandscientist,diedat1790,buthisproverb“timeismoneyn”istakenmoreseriouslybyAmericansoftodaythaneverbefore.Astudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworldshowsthatsomevaluesaresharedbymanycultures.Inmanycasesthough,thesameideaisexpresseddifferently。　　Question33-35arebasedonthepassagesyouhaveheard　　33,whyareproverbssoimportant?　　34,acoordingtothespeaker,whathappenstosomeproverbswiththepassageoftime?　　35,whatdowelearnfromthestudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworld?　　复合式听写原文：　　Ourlivesarewoventogether.AsmuchasIenjoymyown　　company,InolongerimagineIcangetthroughasingledaymuchlessormylifecompletelyonmyown.EvenifIamon　　vacationinthemountains,I’meatingfoodsomeoneelsehasgrown,livinginahousesomeoneelsehasbuilt,wearingclothessomeoneelsehassewnfromclothwovenbyothers,using　　electricitysomeoneelseisdistributingtomyhouse。　　Evidenceofinterdependenceiseverywhere.Weareonthis　　journeytogether.AsIwasgrowingup,Irememberbeingcarefullytaughtthatindependencenotinterdependencewaseverything.Makeyourownway,standonyourowntwofeet,ormymother’sfavoriteremarkwhenIwasfacetofacewithconsequencesofsomeaction,‘nowthatyou’vemadeyourbed,lieonit’.Totalindependenceisadominantthemeinourculture.Iimaginethatwhatmyparentsweretryingtoteachmewastotakeresponsibilityformyactionsandmychoices.Buttheteachingwasshapedbyourculturalimages.AndinsteadIgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotallyindependent,andconsequentlybecameveryreluctanttoaskforhelp.Iwoulddoalmostanythingnottobeaburdenandnotrequireanyhelpfromanybody。四、完型、改错Skillsshortageisgettingworse,bosseswarn　　Employersfeartheywillbeunablerecruitstudentswiththeskillstheyneedastheeconomicrecoverykicksin,anewsurveyreveals。　　Nearlyhalfoforganisationstoldresearcherstheywerealreadystrugglingtofindstaffwithskillsinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(Stem)，whileevenmorecompaniesexpecttoexperienceshortagesofemployeeswithStemskillsinthenextthreeyears。n　　TheConfederationofBritishIndustryandthevocational　　qualificationsbodyEDIsurveyed694organisationsacrossthepublicandprivatesectors,whichtogetheremploy2.4millionpeople。　　Halfareconcernedtheywillnotbeabletofillgraduatepostsinthecomingyears,whileathirdsaidtheywouldnotbeabletorecruitenoughemployeeswiththerightA-levelskills。　　"Aswemovefurtherintorecoveryandbusinessesplanforgrowth,thedemandforpeoplewithhigh-qualityskillsandqualificationswillintensify,"saidRichardLambert,directorgeneral,CBI。　　"Inthefuture,peoplewithqualificationsinscienceandmathswillbeparticularlysoughtafter,andfirmssayitisalreadyhardtofindpeoplewiththerighttechnicalorengineeringskills.Thenewgovernmentmustmakeencouragingmoreyoungpeopletostudyscience-relatedsubjectsatoppriority."　　Two-thirdsofrespondentswantthenewgovernmenttodomoretopromotescienceandmathsinschools,halfsaidfundingforStemsubjectsinhighereducationshouldbeprotected,and42%wantcapablepupilstostudyallthreesciencesubjectsasseparateGCSEs。　　Askedwhattheirtopprioritywas,themajority　　ofrespondentssaidtheywantedthegovernmenttoensureallyoungpeopleleaveuniversityandschoolwiththeskillstheyneedtosucceedatwork。　　Twothirdssaidthegovernmentshouldfocusonbasicliteracyandnumeracy,42%wantedmorehighqualityvocationaloptionsforstudentsand46%saidraisingoveralleducationstandardsshouldbeapriority。　　Thesurveyfoundthatyoungpeoplewouldimprovetheirjobprospectsiftheystudiedbusinessstudies,maths,EnglishandphysicsorchemistryatA-level.TheA-levelsthatemployersrateleastarepsychologyandsociology.Andwhilemanyemployersdon'tinsistonaparticulardegreesubject,athirdprefertohirethosewithaStem-relatedsubject。　　Startingsalariesforscienceandengineeringgraduatesareamongthehighest,withonlygraduatemanagersandlawyersearningmoreintheirfirstjob.Newengineeringgraduatesearnonaverage￡22,000andnewsciencegraduates￡21,000–morethanthoseenteringfinance,IT,salesorhumanresources.Graduateemployementorganisationssaidsalariesneededtobehigherstill。　　"WeneedtomakethecareersthatrequireStembackgroundsmuchmoreattractive,"saidMikeHill,chiefexecutiveofGraduateProspects."Howcanengineeringfirmscompeteagainstthesalariesonofferatlawandcityfirms?"n　　TheresearchhighlightedworriesaboutthelackofprogressinimprovingbasicskillsintheUKworkforce.Halfofemployersexpressedworriesaboutemployees'basicliteracyandnumeracyskills,whilethebiggestproblemiswithITskills,wheretwo-thirdsreportedconcerns。　　Despitethedownturn,72%ofemployersplantomaintainorincreasespendingontrainingandonly28%plantocuttrainingbudgets.Inthepastyear,18%oforganisationshaveprovidedremedialliteracyandnumeracytrainingforschool-leavers,and22%remedialIT。五、翻译　　87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiestoraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake.(为地震幸存者筹款)　　88.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail(不可能收到我的电子邮件)，otherwise,shecouldhavereplied。　　89.It’smymotherwho/thatkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy。　　90.Thepublishinghousehastoconsiderthepopularityofthisnovel.(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。　　91.It’swrongtodefinehappinessonlybymoney。(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)　　PartVITranslation　　87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiestoraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake.(为地震幸存者筹款)　　【解析】本题考察动词raise的用法。raisemoney表示“筹款”。同时考生要注意survivor(幸存者)的拼写。　　88.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail(不可能收到我的电子邮件)，otherwise,shecouldhavereplied。　　【解析】本题考察混合型虚拟语气。otherwise提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实相反(事实是Linda没有回复)，因此用could+have+过去分词。句子前半句是在陈述一种事实，从句子后半句couldhave+过去分词我们可以推断前面“没有收到我的电子邮件”也是在发生在过去，且对现在产生了影响(还没有收到回信)，因此这里用现在完成时，couldhave+过去分词。　　89.It’smymotherwho/thatkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy。　　【解析】本题考察了强调句型和动词encourage的搭配。①强调句型it’s…that/who…②encouragesb.(not)todosth.鼓励某人(不)做某事。n　　90.Thepublishinghousehastoconsiderthepopularityofthisnovel.(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。　　【解析】本题考察了“考虑”的表达，可以用动词consider，也可以用词组take…intoconsideration。同时考生要注意名词popularity(受欢迎程度)的拼写。　　91.It’swrongtodefinehappinessonlybymoney。(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)　　【解析】本题考察了“定义”的表达，为define。