2011年12月全国六级真题和答案

2011年12月全国六级真题和答案

2011年12月全国大学英语六级真题及答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheWaytoSuccessbycommentingonAbrahamLincoln'sfamousremark,"Givemesixhourstochopdownatree,andIwillspend,thefirstfoursharpeningtheaxe."Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.TheWaytoSuccess注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Google'sPlanforWorld'sBiggestOnlineLibrary:PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomakedigitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesinAmericaandEurope-includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexactmethoditusesisunclear;thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto"organizetheworld'sinformation",soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:"Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehopetoexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilyaphilanthropic(慈善的)exercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays."Butwehaveneverbuiltaspreadsheet(电子数据表)outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders."Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheir17nmissionarypassion.ButGoogle'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecentlyemerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshaveleveledtwosetsofcriticismsatGoogle.First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.InarecentessayintheNewYorkReviewofBooks,RobertDanton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem.ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecomingmiredin(陷入)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakestheJaundiceandJaundicecaseinCharlesDickens'BleakHouselookstraightforward.Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmostbooks,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedbycopyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthedurationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'sheirstobenefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,ofcourse,thatalmostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright–andthelastcenturysawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40millionbooksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27millionareoutofprint.OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe"publicdomain"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionofMiddlemarch,whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch).But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefense,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright–arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesofthesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy."Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonceauthorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"saysPiersBluffed,oftheSheilaLandliteraryagencyinLondon."Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbotheringtask."In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit(集团诉讼)againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages–andtryingtosummarizeitisno17neasytask."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"saysBluffed,oneofthesettlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsandpublisherswhoserightsithasbreached(includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks).Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.ThissettlementhandsGooglethepower-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders–toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondealssoldtolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicense.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatareprovingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.Criticspointoutthat,bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller."Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelman,associateprofessoratNewYorkLawSchool.Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions,Googlecouldbecomeasignificantforceinbookselling.Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon"orphan"works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder–thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehasscanned.Underthesettlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,commercialcontrolautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemtoindividualbuyersundertheconsumerlicense.Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbeenacted(执行)–itisthesubjectoffairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,GooglewillineffectbeoffthehookasfarascopyrightviolationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-andthecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.NooneknowsthepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintellectualpropertyithasgainedbyscanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGerick,anAmericansciencewriterandmemberoftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'tevenknowitself.Butwhatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhaveasignificantimpactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.A)toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublicB)toencouragereadingaroundtheworldC)tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibrariesD)topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.A)broadenhumanity'sintellectualhorizons17nB)helpthebroadmassesofreadersC)revolutionizetheentirebookindustryD)makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_____.A)non-profitorganizationsC)multinationalcompaniesB)theworld'sleadinglibrariesD)theworld'stechgiants4.Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.A)thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooksB)thecopyrightofthebooksitscannedC)theinterestoftraditionalbooksellersD)thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks5.Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.A)itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontentB)itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholdersC)makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyrightD)theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6.WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?A)ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.B)Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.C)ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.D)Itcouldleadtomoreout-of-courtsettlementsofsuchdisputes.7.Whatremainedcontroversialaftertheclassactionsuitended?A)Thecompensationforcopyrightholders.B)ThechangeinGoogle'sbusinessmodel.C)Google'sfurtherexploitationofitsdatabase.D)Thecommercialprovisionsofthesettlement.8.While_____,Googlemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.9.Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarenotknownarecalled_____.10.Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendously_____inthefuture.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.17n注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Cancelthetriptoprepareforthetest.B)ReviewhisnotesoncehearrivesinChicago.C)Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.D)Prepareforthetestafterthewedding.12.A)Thewomanwillhelpthemanrememberthelines.B)Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.C)Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.D)Thewomanwillpromptthemanduringtheshow.13.A)Preparationsforanoperation.C)Arrangingabedforapatient.B)Acomplicatedsurgicalcase.D)Rescuingthewoman'suncle.14.A)Heisinterestedinimprovinghiseditingskills.B)Heiseagertobenominatedtheneweditor.C)HeissuretodoabetterjobthanSimon.D)Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15.A)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.B)Hehasalreadyreachedtheretirementage.C)Hemadeastupiddecisionatthecabinetmeeting.D)HehasbeensuccessfullyelectedPrimeMinister.16.A)Thisyear'sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceexploration.B)Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.C)Theshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveworldwide.D)Themanisexcitedatthenewsoftheshuttleflight.17.A)Atanautorescuecenter.C)Atasuburbangarage.B)Atacarrentingcompany.D)Atamountaincamp.18.A)Hegothisspeakersfixed.C)HelistenedtosomeseriousmusicB)Hewentshoppingwiththewoman.D)Heboughtastereosystem.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Providingaidtothedisabled.B)Printinglabelsformanufacturedgoods.C)Promotingproductsformanufacturers.D)Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20.A)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.B)Allofthemaremanufacturedinhisownplant.C)Thekitchenwareinhisshopisofuniquedesign.D)Abouthalfofthemareunavailableonthemarket.21.A)Theyspecializeinoneproductonly.C)TheyrunchainstoresincentralLondon.17nB)TheyhaveoutletsthroughoutBritain.D)Theysellbymailorderonly.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itpublishesmagazines.B)Itsponsorstradefairs.C)Itrunssalespromotioncampaigns.D)Itisengagedinproductdesign.23.A)Theadspecificationshadnotbeengivenindetail.B)Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.C)Thewoman'scompanyfailedtomakepaymentsintime.D)Organizingthepromotionwasreallytime-consuming.24.A)Extendthecampaigntonextyear.B)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.C)Runanotherfour-weekcampaign.D)Givehera10percentdiscount.25.A)Stopnegotiatingforthetimebeing.B)Calmdownandmakepeace.C)ReflectontheirrespectivemistakesD)Improvetheirpromotionplans.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theylookspotlesslycleanthroughouttheirlives.B)Theyarelookedafterbyanimal-careorganizations.C)Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.D)Theyarelabeledpetanimalsbytheresearchers.27.A)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.B)Theymaybehaveabnormally.C)Theymaybreedoutofcontrol.D)Theymaycausedamagetotheenvironment.28.A)Whentheybecomeescapees.B)Whentheyarenolongeruseful.C)Whentheygettooold.D)Whentheybecomeill.29.A)Whilelaunchinganimalprotectioncampaigns,theyweretrappingkitchenmice.17nB)Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.C)Whileadvocatingfreedomforanimals,theykepttheirpetmouseinacage.D)Whilecallingforanimalrights,theyallowedtheirkidstokeeppetanimals.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theytakeitforgranted.B)Theyarecrazyaboutit.C)Theycontributemosttoit.D)Theyoftenfindfaultwithit.31.A)Heatandlight.B)Economicprosperity.C)Historicalcontinuity.D)Tidalrestlessness.32.A)Theyfindthecityalientothem.B)Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.C)Theylackknowledgeofthecultureofthecity.D)Theyhavedifficultysurviving.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Apoliticaldebate.C)Adocumentary.B)Afootballgame.D)Amurdermystery.34.A)Itenhancesfamilyrelationships.C)Ithelpsbroadenone’shorizons.B)Itisasheerwasteoftime.D)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.A)HewatchesTVprogramsonlyselectively.B)Hecan'tresistthetemptationofTVeither.C)Hedoesn'tlikewatchingsportsprograms.D)Heisnotamanwhocankeephispromise.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.17n注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytoworkonamicro-scale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinsidethehumanbodyto(36)_____healthproblemsortoperform(37)_____surgery.Repaircrewsdidnothaveawayof(38)_____brokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-rise(39)_____building.However,that'sabouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshavestartedamicrominiature(超微)(40)_____thatallowsscientiststoenvision–andinsomecasesactuallybuild–microscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromiseto(41)_____changethewayweliveandwork.Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700tiny(42)_____motors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshaveperfectedtheworld'sfirstmicroscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthroughaperson'sblood(43)_____,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveoftheheartitself.(44)___________________________________________________.Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevices(45)_________________________________________.Somefuturistsenvisionnanotechnology(纳米技术)alsobeingusedtoexplorethedeepseainsmallsubmarines,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiatureinstruments.Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications.So,(46)_________________________________________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalcapabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat"howthingsgetdone"influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDracker,coinedthephrase"Managementisdoingthingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings,"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms.WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,17nexploredleadershipstylesinthepastdecade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.HisSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeoplebecameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadershipparadigm(范例),whichheobservedcenteredontraitsfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonalityethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonintegrity,modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,andsoforth.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness,itisvitalthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue.Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto"putfirstthingsfirst,"whichimpliesthatbeforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbeseenastrustworthy.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Tobegoodleaders,managersmustpaycloseattentiontotheirown_____.48.AccordingtoPeterDracker,leadersshouldbegoodat_____.49.Thepersonalityethicsuggeststhatpeoplearelikelytosucceediftheyhave_____.50.AccordingtoStephenCovey,leaderswhohopetoachieveoutstandingsuccessneedfirstofallto_____.51.Goodleadershiprequiresonetoknowone'sownstrengthsandbeabletowinpeople's_____.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China"}India!Brazil!Howabouttrade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates–but17naneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade–moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates–isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogistics(物流)haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssig¬nifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice–agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?17nA)Competitionfromoverseas.C)Slacktradeactivities.B)People'sreluctancetospend.D)Decreasingproductivity.56.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies.IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgeneration17nofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheWhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?A)Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.B)Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.C)Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.D)Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.58.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialization?A)Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.B)ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.C)Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.D)Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.59.WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto_____.A)governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversitiesB)compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustriesC)fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsD)concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?A)Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.B)Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.C)Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.D)Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.61.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?A)Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.B)Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.C)Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.D)Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Ifyouknowwheretofindagoodplastic-freeshampoo,canyoutellJeanneHegel?17nLastSeptember,the28-year-oldChicagoresident__62__tocutplasticsoutofherlife.Themarketingcoordinatorwasconcernedabout__63__thechemicalscomingoutofsomecommontypesofplasticmightbedoingtoherbody.Shewasalsoworriedaboutthedamagealltheplastic__64__wasdoingtotheenvironment.Soshe__65__onherbikeandrodetothenearestgrocerystoretoseewhatshecouldfindthatdidn't__66__plastic."Iwentinand__67__boughtanything,"Hegelsays.Shedid__68__somecannedfoodandacarton(纸盒)ofmilk–todiscoverlaterthatbothcontainerswere__70__withplasticresin(树脂)."Plastic,"shesays,"justseemedlikeitwasineverything."She'sright.Backinthe1960s,plasticwaswell__71__itswaytobecomingastapleofAmericanlife.TheU.S.produced28milliontonsofplasticwastein2005–27milliontonsofwhich__72__inlandfills(垃圾填埋场).Ourfoodandwatercome__73__inplastic.It'susedinourphonesandourcomputers,thecarswedriveandtheplanesweridein.Butthe__74__adaptablesubstancehasitsdarkside.Environmentalistsfeelworriedaboutthepetroleumneededtomakeit.Parentsworryaboutthepossibilityof__75__chemicalsmakingtheirwayfrom76plasticintochildren'sbloodstreams.WhichmeansHegelisn'ttheonlypersontryingtocutplasticoutofherlife–sheisn't__77__theonlyonebloggingaboutthiskindof__78__.Butthosewho'vetriedknowit's__79__fromeasytogoplastic-free."Thesethingsseemtobesocommon__80__itispracticallyimpossibletoavoidcominginto__81__withthem,"saysFrederickvimSail,abiologistattheUniversityofMissouri.62.A)resolvedB)recoveredC)removedD)retreated63.A)whenB)whatC)whoD)why64.A)essenceB)unitC)crustD)rubbish65.A)hingedB)hoppedC)stretchedD)dipped66.A)includeB)induceC)composeD)consist67.A)slightlyB)nearlyC)roughlyD)barely68.A)pursueB)prescribeC)preserveD)purchase69.A)ratherB)everC)merelyD)only70.A)probedB)coupledC)linedD)combined71.A)byB)overC)onD)under72.A)endedupB)pulledupC)putupD)setup17n73.A)trappedB)adaptedC)wrappedD)adopted74.A)interactivelyB)remotelyC)infinitelyD)resolutely75.A)sensibleB)toxicC)attractiveD)absurd76.A)householdB)familyC)internalD)civil77.A)hardlyB)largelyC)evenD)still78.A)endeavorB)recreationC)accomplishmentD)diligence79.A)wellB)littleC)farD)much80.A)whileB)whichC)butD)that81.A)fashionB)approachC)contactD)agreementPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________(也许会被车撞倒的).33.Bynomeans______________________________(他把自己当成专家)althoughheknowsalotaboutthefield.84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshavemadeforhim,______________________________(把他们所做的视作理所当然).85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother______________________________(不干涉她的婚姻).86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfoundhimself______________________________(经常上网查找信息).17n2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案作文ThewaytosuccessWhatissuccess?Infact,successisapositivefeeling,itisastateofconfidenceafterweachieveouridealsSoallofuswilltryourbesttogetsuccess.“IfAisasuccessinlife,thenAequalsxplusyplusz..Hardworkingisx;yisgoodmethodsandzisstoptalkingandgetdowntowork.“ItissaidbyEinstein,whoisusedtobeawinneroftheNobelPrize.AccordingtothisWisdom,weknownthatifwewanttodoeverythingsuccessful,wemustfollowtheseways.Whenwebegintostudy,ourparentsandteachersalwaystoldustostudyhard.Hardworking,whichisanusefulwaytosuccess,isnecessaryforus.Hardworking,whichmeansweshouldtryourbesttodothethings.Besides,ifyouwanttogetsuccess,wenotonlyneedhardworking,butalsohavesomeusefulmethods.Ifyouhavesomeusefulmethods,youwillfeelthatitiseasiertoachieveyourgoals.What'smore,wemuststoptalkingandgetdowntowork.Successisbaseontheactions.Actions,maynotletwegetsuccess.Butifwenotaction,itcanneverbesuccessful.Regardlessofthedreamisbigorsmall,thegoalishighorlow,fromnowon,swingitintoaction.Inmyopinion,ifyoufollowtheseimportantwaystodoeverythings,youwillgetsuccessatlast.快速阅读1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld’sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____【答案】B.toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublic2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google’sbook-scanningprojectwill【答案】B.broadenhumanity’sintellectualhorizons3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_______.【答案】C.non-profitorganizations4.【答案】D.thecopyrightofthebooksitscanned5.【答案】B.theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6.【答案】B.Itwassettleaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.7.【答案】D.Thecommercialprovisionofthesettlement8.【答案】Providinginformationforfree9.【答案】orphanworks10.【答案】changetheworld’sbookmarketSectionA11.【答案】A)Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.12.【答案】C)Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.13.【答案】A)Arrangingabedforapatient14.【答案】A)Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15.【答案】C)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.16.【答案】D)Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.17n17.【答案】A)Atacarrentingcompany18.:Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?【答案】A)Helistenedtosomeseriousmusic.19:Whatkindofbusinessdoesthemanengagedin?【答案】B)Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisstockofproducts?【答案】D)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.21:Whatdoesthemansayaboutotherpeopleinhislineofbusiness?【答案】D)Theysellbymailorderonly.22:Whatdowelearnabouttheman’scompany?【答案】C)Itsponsorstradefairs.23:Whywasthecampaigndelayedaccordingtotheman?【答案】C)Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.24:Whatdoesthewomanproposeasasolutiontotheproblem?【答案】D)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.25:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydoattheendoftheconversation?【答案】D)Reflectontheirrespectivemistakes.26.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmostofthemiceusedforexperiments?【答案】D)Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.27Whydidtheso-calledbadmicehavetobecapturedanddestroyed?【答案】C)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.28Whenaremicekilledwithoutpriorapproval?【答案】C)Whentheybecomeescapees.29WhydoesthespeakersaywhattheHera’sdidathomeisironical?【答案】A)Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.30.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthenativesofNewYork?【答案】D)Theytakeitforgranted.31.WhatdoesthespeakersaycommutersgivetoNewYork?【答案】A)Tidalrestlessness.32.WhatdowelearnaboutthesettlersofNewYork?【答案】B)Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.33.Asthespeakerwalkedintothelivingroom,whatwasbeingshownonTV?【答案】D)Amurdermystery34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwatchingtelevision?【答案】C)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.Whatcanwesayaboutthespeaker?【答案】B)Hecan’tresistthetemptationofT.V.either.（36）detect（37）delicate（38）identifying（39）apartment（40）revolution（41）dramatically42）primitive（43）vessels（44）Althoughsimpleversionsofminiaturedeviceshavehadanimpact,advancedversionsarestillseveralyearsaway.（45）thatcansensewhentoreleaseanairbagandhowtokeepenginesandbreaksoperatingefficiently.17n（46）whenscientistsnowthinkaboutfuturemachinesdoinglargeandcomplextasks,they’rethinkingsmallerthaneverbefore.仔细阅读SectionA47.values,abilitiesandstrengths48.doingtherightthings49.positivementalattitude50.managethemselves51.trustSectionBPassageOne53.AItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheUShaveincreased.54.CProducersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials55.CPeople’sreluctancetospend56.BToincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.PassageTwo57.A.theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.58.B.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.59.A.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities.60.A.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.61.C.Bypromotingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.完形填空62:resolved63:what64:essence65:hopped66:include67:barely68:purchase69:merely70:combined71:on72:endedup73:wrapped74:infinitely75:toxic76:household77:even78:endeavor79:far80:that81:contact翻译82：maybeknockeddownbycar83:doeshetakehimselftobeanexpert。84:andtakeitforgranted。85:notinterferemarriage。86:oftensearchinginformationontheinternet-17