高口20003笔试答案

高口20003笔试答案

2000.3月上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION1:LISTENINGTESTPartA:SpotDictation1.mostprestigious2.sociallyimportantpeople3.attractedstudentsandscholars4.inpolitics5.numerouseminentscientists6.PrimeMinister7.inacademicworld8.requiresthecombinedtalents9.LeadinganOxfordcollege10.theneedsandaspirations11.realisethem12.shapestheirfuturecareers13.lastforever14.amongthousandsofapplicants15.competitiveprocess16.arangeoftraditionalprivileges17.presentshisorherwork18.profoundrespectandtrust19.academicallyrewarding20.foradviceandguidancePartB:ListeningComprehension1—5BDDAC6—10DABDC11—15BDBCB16—20AABDCSECTION2:READINGTEST1—5DCBCA6—10CABCD11—15BCADB16—20DBCADSECTION3:TRANSLATIONTEST苍天之下，千百万尚未出生的人的命运将取决于我们这支军队的勇气和斗志。敌人残酷无情，我们别无选择，要么奋起抵抗，要么屈膝投降。因此，我们必须下定决心，若不克敌制胜，就是捐躯疆场。我们的荣誉，祖国的荣誉，要求我们进行英勇顽强的奋斗，如果我们做不到这一点，我们将感到羞愧，并将为全世界所不齿。所以，让我们凭借我们事业的正义性和上帝的恩助——胜利掌握在他手中——激励和鼓舞我们去创造伟大而崇高的业绩。全国同胞都注视着我们，如果我们有幸为他们效劳，将他们从企图强加于他们的暴政中解救出来，我们将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。让我们互相激励，互相鼓舞，并向全世界昭示，在自己国土上为自由而斗争的自由人民胜过世上任何受人驱使的雇佣军。SECTION4:LISTLATIONTESTPartA:Note－takingandGap－filling12n1.air/atmosphere2.snow3.forests/woods4.health5.ozone6.station7.combination8.associated9.emitted10.coal11.affects12.surrounding13.prevent14.clean15.exhausts16.conserve17.recycling18.rationalize/improve19.private20.publicPartB:ListeningandTranslationⅠ.SentenceTranslation1.上海是世界著名大都市，是面向西方的窗口。我们两国曾在这个城市里发表了开创我们之间当代友好关系的公报。2.今天20%的美国儿童与单亲住在一起，原因之一是越来越多的妇女没结婚就有了孩子。3.今年的头十个月，双边贸易额是41亿美元，与去年同期相比增加了25%。4.全球化使所有国家，无论大小贫富，都进入了一个调整过程。5.历史是一条可能随心所欲把我们带到任何地方去的长河，但是我们有能力把握和选择方向，共同前进。Ⅱ.PassageTranslation1.旅馆是旅行者临时的住所。在旅馆里，旅行者可以休息，在旅馆内或附近餐馆就餐。旅馆还可能提供娱乐设施，比如游泳池，高尔夫球场或海滩。在许多情况下，旅馆还免费提供交通工具，今天来说就是汽车，所有这些服务都是为旅行者提供膳宿方便，因此旅馆业常被称作膳宿业。2.警方说昨天台风袭击该岛的西海岸，带来大雨，风速达每小时80英里，冲走了约500户住家。台风使岛上大片地区发生洪水，使通讯和供电系统瘫痪。昨天所有国内航班被取消，国际机场关闭了约5小时。据报道两艘客运渡轮沉没，但没有有关人员伤亡的细节。最终伤亡人数要过些时候才能知道。SECTION5:READINGTEST(答案要点)1.throughactivatingtheimmunesystemofhumanbody/torecognizeanddestroyinvadingorganism(ormolecule,micro－organisms,viruses－bacteria)2.developedtobeusedbysmokerswhoaregoingtoquitsmoking/thehabitteenagers/youngpeoplebeforetheystartsmoking/othervaccinesusedtodestroymicroorganisms/nicotinevaccineusedtochange/alterhumanhabit/behavior/getridofthesmokinghabit3.nicotinemoleculetoosmalltobediscovered/nicotinemoleculeattachedtolargermolecule(throughuseofproteinfromcholeravaccine)/becomelargeenoughtobefoundbyimmunesystem－destroyed/killed12n4.applicantswhoscorehighareaccepted/scorelowonintelligencetestsrejected/onlyapplicantsofsimilarintelligencelevelsarequalifiedforthejob/applicantswhoscoremorethantherequiredlevelcouldbelesssuitableforthejob5.jobsnotchallenging/possiblynotinterestedinthejob/becomebored／&leave/extracostforreplacement/lessproductive/“staffturnover”6.a)notuptotherequiredintellectuallevel/not“bright”enough/“dumb”b)chances/possibilities)changingofstaffmembers(frequentquitandleave)7.helpsolvethementalorinterpersonalrelationproblemsofemployees(orstaffmembers)helpthecompletionof“mission”ofanorganization/findproblemsandsolutions/seniormanagers(nottopboss)8.recognitionofmentalproblemsemployeescouldhaveintheireffects/FrostandRobingson,researchersfromUniversityofBritishColumbia9.letemployeesknow“therearepeople”whoshowtheirconcernandwillingnesstoofferhelp/recognitionofproblems&necessitytosolvetheproblems/heavydutyforresearchersaspeopleworkinaworkplacearenotusuallyprofessionalexpertsonhumanresources/“PR”10.a)“BigEars”=patientlistenersb)“bleedinghearts”=peoplewithsoft/weakmind/characterc)“Managersgetsentinwithpopguns=toyguns/weaponswithoutmuchuse/andlittletinshields=deviceusedforprotection”d)“handlingradioactivity”=dealingwithbigtrouble/difficulty/problemSECTIION6:TRANSLATIONTESTThepeacefulreunificationofthemotherlandwouldbeagreatachievementtoberecordedinhistory.Taiwanisboundtoreturntotheembraceofthemotherlandeventually.Anearlysettlementoftheissuewouldbeintheinterestsofall.ThecompatriotsinTaiwanwouldbeabletoliveinpeaceandhappiness,thepeopleofallnationalitiesonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitswouldnolongerhavetoendurethepainsofseparationfromtheirownfleshandblood,andtheeldersinTaiwanandthosewhomovedtherefromthemainlandwouldallbeproperlyandprovidedfor.AndthiswouldcontributetothestabilityofAsiaandthePacificregionaswellastoworldpeace.Thepresentinternationalsituationiscapricious.ThroughoutTaiwanpeopleofallstrataaretalkingabouttheirfuture.timedoesnotstayandbriefistheday.Alongnightisfraughtwithbaddreams:timeandtidewaitfornoman.Forthesakeofyourparty,Iwouldthinkthatifyouwouldtakeupthehistoricalresponsibilityand,goingwiththestream,resolutelytakepartinpeacetalksforournationalreunificationasrequiredbytimeandtide,thetwopartieswouldbeabletoco-existforalongtimetocome,supervisingeachotherwhilejoiningingloriouseffortstorevitalizeChina.12n听力测试题录音文字稿:SECTION1:LISTENINGTESTDirections:inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswerbooklet.Rememberyouwillhearthepassageonlyonce.Nowlet'sbeginPartAwithSpotDictation.ForcenturiesOxforduniversityhasbeenatBritain'sintellectualheart,perhapsthemostprestigiousamongEurope'smanyancientuniversities.Itisanexclusivegreenhouseinwhichthecountry'ssociallyimportantpeoplearebred,anditliesonly50milesfromLondon,closetothecentresofpower—Parliament,theLawCourtsandtheCity.OxfordUniversityhasattractedstudentsandscholarsfromallovertheworld,whohavegoneontoachievethehighestpositionintheirowncountriesinpolitics,administration,scienceandthearts.OxfordAlumniincludenumerouseminentscientists,literaryfiguresandsuchoverseaspoliticiansasAmericanPresidentBillClintonandformerPakistaniPrimeMinisterBenazirBhutan.FewerpositionsinacademicworldaregranderthanbeingheadofanOxfordcollege.Usuallythepostrequiresthecombinedtalentsofdiplomat,administratorandacademic.AsSirRogerBannister,formerMasterofPembrokeCollege,putit:“LeadinganOxfordcollegewasanewchallenge.Youhavetorecognizetheneedsandaspirationsofthestudentsandyouhavetohelprealisethem.Thethree-yearperiodthatstudentsspendatOxfordUniversityisthemostimportantoftheirlives;itshapestheirfuturecareersandthefriendshipstheyformintheiruniversitydayswilllastforever.”Everyyear,amongthousandsofapplicantsfromhomeandabroad,onlyafewhundredarechosenbyeachcollegethroughanincreasinglycompetitiveprocess.Oncetheyareaccepted,theundergraduatesbenefitfromarangeoftraditionalprivileges.Themostnotableandtherarestoftheseprivilegesistheone-to-onetutorial,atwhichastudentpresentshisorherworktothetutor.Itisapersonalsystemthatgoesbackasearlyasthe13thcentury.Therelationshipofprofoundrespectandtrustthatcandevelopbetweenteacherandpupiloverthreeyearscanbelastingasitisacademicallyrewarding.Yearsafterstudentshavelefttheuniversity,theyoftenreturntotheirtutorsforadviceandguidance.PartB:ListeningComprehensionDirections:Inthispartofthetest,therewillbesomeshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachone,youwillbeaskedsomequestions.Thetalks,conversationsandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Nowlistencarefullyandchoosetherightanswertoeachquestionyouhaveheardandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswerbooklet.Nowlet'sbeginPartBwithListeningComprehension.Questions1～5arebasedonthefollowingconversation.(Man)So,youhaveteachingexperiencewiththisagegroupin...(Woman)Ihave.(Man)inSingaporeor...?12n(Man)InMal—inotherpartsofMalaysia.Right.Whenyouwereteachingthisagegroup,weretheybilingual?(Woman)Theywerebilingual.(Man)Um—weretheyinEnglishmediumschools?(Women)Englishmediumschools.(Man)Ah—right.Well,that'sveryusefulexperience.(Woman)Yes,Englishandothersubjects.(Man)Mm.(Woman)ButtheywereinEnglish.(Man)Right.Soyouwerelikeaformteacher,teachingthewholerangeofsubjects.Wellthat'svery,veryusefulbackgroundforthisresearchproject,Ithink.Um—butyou'vealsogothere...shortstoriesandpoemsforpractisingphonetics.(Woman)Well—actually—whatIintendedwasthis—er—thiscommunicativematerials.Youknow—intheformofshortstories,andpoems.(Man)Yes.Poems...youmeanpoemsthathavebeenpublishedandthatyoucanusewiththem—youwantyourpupilstowritepoems?(Woman)No.Noneofthem,I'mafraid.WhatImeanisthroughmypoems,thepoemsthatI'mgoingtowrite.(Man)You'regoingtowritepoems.Oh,thatsoundswonderful.Whatpoems?Aretheysimplepoems?(Woman)Yes.Simplepoemssothatthechildrenwouldfindit,youknow,likeasing-song.(Man)Um—Ithinkwhatweneedactuallyisaslightlymorespecificplanthanthisone.(Woman)Right.(Man)Shallweseeifwecanmakeamoredetailedplanfortheproject?Usingatopicbasedapproach—um—totheteachingofEnglishasasecondlanguage—um—toseventoelevenyear-oldbilingualchildren.Um—Sowetakethatasthetitle—thenprobably—therearelotsofdifferentthingshere.Youneedsomekindofsectionthatdiscusses—Now—firstofall,youwanttotalkaboutcontext,don'tyou?Andyouwant—um—let'ssayLondonandMalaysiajusttodiscusswhatwesaid—um—canthematerialsbeuniversal?Andthenyouwantsomethingoncriteria.(Woman)mm(Man)Fordesigningthese.Now,letsjustlisttheoneswe'rementioned.Canwegothroughthem?Whathavewegothere?Motivation.Sowe'rethinkingofseventoelevenyear-olds.Firstofall,motivation.Whataretheotherimportantones,doyouthink?Multi-culturalandcommunicative—um—whatelsehavewesaid?Crosscurricular.Thosearethefourmainones,aren'tthey?Oh—integratedskills.(Woman)Oh,yes.(Man)Right.Integratedskills.Andwhenyou'rediscussingthosecriteria.Youcanmention,youcanbringin—relateittopoems,stories—um—andthetasksthattheydo.Andthenyou—youactuallywantyourmaterials.Soyouneedtochooseatopic.12n(Woman)Yes,atopicforthosematerials.(Man)Itiswhereyoucanputthesetogether.Andthenyouwantto—afteryou'veactuallypresentedthematerials—youwantsomedetailedcommentsondifferentpartsofthem.Howdoesthatsound?(Woman)Very,veryimpressive.Verygood.(Man)Doesthatmakesensetoyou—ifweputitlikethat?Sowe'vereallytakenallofthosethingsandjustslightlyrearrangedthem.Okay?Ithinkthatsoundsvery,veryinteresting.QuestionNo.1.Whatisthewoman'sjob?QuestionNo.2.Inwhichcountryhasthewomanbeenworking?QuestionNo.3.Whatarethemanandthewomantalkingabout?QuestionNo.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,asregardsthewoman?QuestionNo.5.Howdothesetwopeoplefeelabouttheresultoftheirdiscussion?Question6～10arebasedonthefollowingnews.MANILA:AhelicoptercarryingeightpeoplewasreportedmissingafteritunloadedacargooffoodandotherprovisionsforworkersdiggingamajortunnelforawatersupplyprojectforManila,anofficialsaidyesterday.UNITEDNATIONS：IraqaskedtheUnitedNationstocontinueprovidinghumanitarianaiddespitecuttingoffexportsofcrudeoilundertheUN'soil-for-foodprogrammed,UNofficialssaid.TheIraqiambassadortotheUN,SaeedHasan,metonTuesdaywithprogrammeddirectorBenonSevanandIraq“wantedtheUNtocontinuenormaloperations,”UNspokesmanFredEckhardtoldreporters.Thespokesmanfortheprogramme,JohnMills,said“humanitariansuppliesthecontinuingtoarriveandbedistributedinIraq.”OnMonday,theUNsaidthatIraqhadstoppedpumpingoilthroughthe960-kilometrepipelinetoTurkishportofCeyhan.LONDON:Forthefirsttimeinits42-yearhistory,theEuropeanUnion(EU)stagedajointmeetingofforeignaffairsanddefenceministerstodebatehowtheunioncanacquireasecuritydimensionconsistentwithitseconomicstrength.Duringthatmeeting,BritainandFranceproposedthatEurope,byeither2002or2003,shouldpossesthecapacitytodeployarapidreactionforceofsome50,000troopsinapeacekeepingoperationinoraroundtheEU.Theproposalreceivedastrongresponse,whichisindicativethattheEUismakingconcreteeffortstobolsteritsmilitarycloutinEurope.WASHINGTON:Ahighpercentageofblacks,HispanicsandotherminoritiesintheUSmilitarycomplainedinasurveyofmorethan40,000UStroops,oneinfiveblacksrespondingalsosaidtheyfeltracerelationsplayedanegativepartintheirprospectsforpromotionorassignment.Butthesurvey,takenin1997,indicatedthatmilitarypersonnelfeltPentagoneffortstopromotegoodracerelationsandequalopportunityweresucceedingandthatdiscriminationin12nuniformwasfarlesspronouncedthaninotherareasofAmericanlife.TOKYO:Japan'stradesurplusplunged14.4percentinOctoberfromitslevelayearago,thegovernmentsaidyesterday.Governmentofficialblamedthestrongyenforseverelydamagingexports.ThetradesurplusdroppedtoUS$11.2billion,theFinanceMinistryreported,makingOctobertheseventhmonthinarowforadropinthetradesurplus.“Japan'sexportshavebeenpressedbythesharpappreciationoftheyenagainsttheUSdollar,whichmainlycontributedtothesurplusfall,"saidNaokoOgata,ananalystattheSakuraResearchInstitute.“Withtheyenrisingtocurrentlevels,exportersarefindingitdifficulttomakeaprofit.”QuestionNo.6.WhathappenedaccordingtothereportfromManila?QuestionNo.7.WhatdidtheIraqiAmbassadorasktheUnitedNationstodo?QuestionNo.8.WhatwasproposedatthejointmeetingstagedbytheEuropeanUnion?QuestionNo.9.WhatwasdisclosedinasurveyreleasedbytheUSDefenceDepartmentonTuesday?QuestionNo.10.Ascomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear,howmuchdidJapan'stradesurplusdrop?Questions11～15arebasedonthefollowinginterview.(Woman)WhatwerethethingsinBritainthatyoufoundmoststrangewhenyoufirstarrived?(Man)Well,thefirstthingisdrivingonthewrongsideoftheroad—um—thatwasverystrangebecauseyouhavethisautomaticreflexwhenyougooutintothestreettolookonewayandacoupleoftimesIdidthatandIalmostgothitbycarsandbikesandall,youknow.It'sdangerous.Itreallyisdangerous.Andyouhavetoteachyourselftolooktheotherway.(Woman)SomeonesaidthatBritainandtheUnitedStatesaredividedbyacommonlanguage.Haveyouhadanydifficultieswiththelanguagehere?(Man)Oh,yeah—tremendousamountofdifficulty,butI'mstartingtopickitupnow—allthelogoandslangandallthose—butthere-definitelyadifference.(Woman)Canyougivemeanyexamples?(Man)Well,thebig—I'dsaysomeofthebiggestoneswouldbetheword“queue”whichmeansinAmerica“line”.Ineverheardtheword“queue”before.Um—whatyoucall“chips”,Icall“Frenchfries”.Ineverheardthemcalled“chips”Um—there’resomany—um—wordsthataredifferent.Ah,yes,anotherexample,“crisps”whichmean“potatochips”.Wecallthem“potatochips”or“chips”inAmerica.Youcallthem“crisps”here.SowhenIheardtheword“chips”,Iwasthinkingof“crisps”andnotFrenchfries—youknow—it'sveryconfusing.Furthermore,there'reexpressionsthatyoudon'thearinAmerica,someoftheexpressionslike—er—“mate”and“love”.They'refunny.Youdon'theartheminAmerica.(Woman)Whataboutwithyoungpeople—withpeopleyourownage—Imean,doyounotice12ndifferencesthere?(Man)Idonoticesomedifferences—er—Ithink—ah—IthinktheyoungerpeopleinBritainare—theyseemtobe—muchmoreradicalthantheyoungerpeopleintheUnitedStates.Inoticedthat.Forexample,thedressisdifferent.Youseealotof—Iseealotofmalesherewithearringsinoneoftheir—inoneoftheirears.Youdon'tseethatinAmericathatmuch.Some—maybehereandthere,butnot,notlikeyouseeithere.Anotherexample,somanyoftheyoungpeoplewearblack-clothing—youknow.Idon't—youdon'tseetheothercolours.Athomeyouseealldifferenttypesofbrightcolours—andinEnglandyouseesomuchblack.Especiallyonthewoman.(Woman)Youdon'tlikethat?(Man)Notreally.It'sjustmyownpreference.Ilike—I'dratherseedifferentcolourshereandthere—notall—notallonecolour.EveryonelookslikeMadonna.(Woman)Whenyousay“radical”,areyoujustthinkingofclothesorofanythingelse?(Man)Um—No,Ithink—er—radicalasingoingagainstthenorms—couldyousay?NotonlyinclothingbutIthinkinpoliticstoowhereasinAmerica,youdon'tfindthatasmuch.Oh,also,anotherdifferenceistheyoung—er—theyoungerpeopleare—they'remorepoliticallyawareonalargerlevel.Seealotofthe—alotoftheAmericans—they'reawareof—er—governmentoftheUnitedStatesandmaybeafewothercountriesbutnotasmanycountriesinEuropeortheyjusthaveavagueunderstandingofhowthoseothercountriesarerun—notaswidespread.Whereashere,Ithinkthatthey—er—thekidsgettoknowabouthowdifferentcountriesarerunatamuchyoungerlevelandtheyknowallabouttheUnitedStatesandhowit'srun.(Woman)Whatdoyouthinkthereasonsareforthat?(Man)Um—that'sagoodquestion—well,Ithinkthatthereasonsare—justbecauseofthePress.YouhearsomuchaboutAmericaherethatpeopleare—theyintoit—theywanttoknowwhatit'saboutandhowit'srun.AndsomanyofourpolociesinAmericaaffectBritainthattheywanttounderstandhowpoliciesaremadeandallthatandseeingthatthatdoesn'tworkontheotherlevellikeBritain'spoliciesdon't—Imean,theycanaffectus,butnottoasgreatanextentandthereforeyoudon'tknowasmuchaboutit.QuestionNo.11.WhatwasthefirstthingthatthemanfoundmoststrangewhenhearrivedinBritain?QuestionNo.12.Accordingtotheman,therearetwoexpressionsthatpeopledon'thearinAmerica.Whatarethey?QuestionNo.13.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsuptheman'sattitudetoBritain?QuestionNo.14.Whichofthefollowingthingsdoesthemansayhedoesn'tlikeaboutBritain?QuestionNo.15.Accordingtotheman,whyaretheBritishyoungpeoplemorepoliticallyaware?12nQuestions16～20arebasedonthefollowingtalk.(Man)I'dliketotalkaboutlocalgovernmentinEnglandandWales,andinEnglandandWalestherearetwomaintypesofcouncil.Forinstance,ifIcouldtaketheexampleofOxfordshire,thereisonecountycouncilwheretheyareresponsibleforeducation,socialservices,structureplanning,highways,librariesandmuseums,andsoon.Andtherearefivedistrictcouncils,againinOxfordshire,andthey'reresponsibleforhousing,inparticularcouncilhousing,forlocalplans,fordustbincollection,environmentalhealth,andthey'realsoresponsiblefordustbincollection,environmentalhealth,andthey'realsoresponsibleforswimmingbaths,andinOxford,forinstance,theyarebuildinganice-rinkinthemiddleofthecity.Ifwecouldtalkparticularlyaboutthequestionofeducation,Ithinkthiswouldillustratetheideaoflocalgovernmentinthebestwaypossible.Firstofall,thereisaministeratcentralgovernmentlevel.HeistheMinisterforEducationandhe'sresponsibleforrunningacomprehensiveeducationsysteminthewholecountry.Butinpracticethereisalotoflocalcontrol.Solocalcouncil,countysuchasOxfordshireCountyCouncil,actuallyruntheschoolsandcollegesintheirarea.IfwetaketheexampleofOxfordshireagain,thereareseventycountycouncilors.They’reelectedeveryfouryears,mostlyunpaid,exceptfortheirexpenses,andaboutthirtyoftheseareontheeducationCommittee,whichmeetsregularly.Andthesecouncilorsobviouslymakepolicy,butmostoftheworkisdonebehindthescenesbytheChiefEducationOfficer,who'sapaidofficial,andhisstaff.Andit'sverymuchaquestionoftheChairmanoftheEducationCommittee,anelectedcouncilor,runningtheserviceinconjunctionwiththeChiefEducationofficerandhisstaff.IfIcouldgiveanideaofsomeofthestructure.Therearethreesub-committees:EducationCommitteeitself,plustheSchoolsCommittee,theFurtherEducationCommittee,andageneralServiceCommittee.Onemainissuewhichthey'relookingatthemoment,infactallthetime,isobviouslythequestionofteachers.Pupil-teacherratio,forinstance.Andthattellsyouhowmanyteachersareemployedbythecouncilandhowmanychildrenthereare,givingyouthenumberofchildrenperclass.Andalotoftheoppositionpartiesandparentsandothersareagitatingallthetimeforsmallerclasssizes.Forinstance,intheprimaryschools,it'ssaidbymanypeoplethattohaveclassesofoverthirtyisunreasonable,andtheyshouldbereducedinsize.Itisofcourseexpensivetoemployteachers,sothat’stheargumentontheotherside.Basically,thesystem,then,isapartnershipbetweentheMinisteratcentralgovernmentlevel,whoofcourseisa,anelectedpolitician,bythestaffintheDepartmentofEducationandScience,thecivilservants,andbylocalcouncils,governorsofschools,parentsandteachersandsoon.QuestionNo.16.Whatisthetopicofthislecture?QuestionNo.17.HowmanymaintypesofcouncilarethereinEnglandandWales?QuestionNo.18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasthemajorresponsibilitiesofthedistrictcouncils?12nQuestionNo.19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouteducationinthiscountry?QuestionNo.20.WhichissueisallthetimeconsideredbytheEducationCommittee?SECTION4:LISTENINGTESTPartA:Note-takingandGapfillingDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearashorttalk.Youwillhearthetalkonlyonce.Whilelisteningtothetalk,youmaytakenotesontheimportantpointssothatyoucanhaveenoughinformationtocompleteagap-fillingtaskonaseparateanswerbooklet.Youwillnotgetyouranswerbookletuntilafteryouhavelistenedtothetalk.Nowlistentothetalkcarefully.I'mgoingtotalkaboutacidrain,asubjectwhichmanypeoplehaveheardofbutveryfewunderstandfully.I'mgoingtotalkaboutexactlywhatacidrainisandwhyit'saproblemandthenI'mgoingtofinishoffbysayingwhatwecandoaboutit,whatthesolutionsarenowandwhatthesolutionswillbeinthefuture,inthelongterm.Sofirstofall,acidrainisatermthat'sreallybeingusednowforakindofpollutionwhichishangingoverourheadsinasense—it'stheairpollutionaboveus.It'sthepollutionthat'scomingdowninrain,inmist,insnow,inhail,inmanydifferentwaysanddamagingourforests,ourlakesandrivers,ourbuildingsandevenhumanhealth.Ifwearetocontrolacidrain,wemustknowwhatisactuallycausingit,sonowI'mgoingtotalkaboutthechemicalsinvolved.Therearereallythreeweshouldlookat.Thesearesulphurdioxide,nitrogenoxidesandozone.Thefirsttwoofthoseareprimarypollutants—thatistheyareproduceddirectlyfromsource.Inthecaseofsulphurdioxide,themainproblemispowerstationchimneys.Inthecaseofnitrogenoxides,theycomereallyhalfandhalffromcarsandfrompowerstations.Ozoneiswhat’sknownasasecondarypollutant.Itmeansit’sformedintheatmospherefromacombinationofotherpollutants,otherprimarypollutants.Ozoneisformedfromacombinationofnitrogenoxidesandhydrocarbonsbothofwhichcomefromcarexhausts.Ifyouputsunlightontothesetwochemicals,theyreacttogetherandtheyformozoneandsothehighestlevelsofozonearefoundinahotsummeraroundtheedgesofcitieswheretherearelotsofcarexhausts,lotsofsunlightandthenyouendupwithalotofozone.Ithinktheonethatmostpeoplewouldassociatewithacidrain,iftheyknowanythingaboutitall,issulphurandparticularlysulphurdioxide.Aboutseventy-onepercentofallthesulphurdioxideemittedfromBritaincomesfromthelargecoalburningpowerstationspredominantlysituatedintheMidlands.Theproblem,ofcoursewithsulphurdioxideisthatitdoesn'tjustfallclosetothefactoryorthepowerstation.Itgetsliftedintheairanditcantravelthousandsofmilesintheairbeforeiffallsasrain.OurenvironmentisdyingaswellandsulphurfromourpowerstationsislandingallovertheUnitedKingdom.InWalesandintheWestofScotland,acidrainisalreadyhavingquiteamarkedeffect.SomehundredsoflakesinWaleshavebeenaffected,severalhavelosttheirfishandintheWestofScotland,twenty-sevenGallowaylakeshavealreadycompletelylosttheirfish.NowperhapsIshouldgoontosomeofthesolutionsthatweshouldbelookingtostopthisenvironmentalcatastrophe.Thereareshort-termsolutionsandtherearelong-termsolutions.In12ntheshortterm,weneedtomakeimmediatecutstotheemissionsthatarecomingfromourpowerstationsandcars.Inthelongterm,weneedtochangethewaysocietyisthinking.Weshouldn’tjustcleanuppowerstationchimneysandcarexhausts.Whatweneedtodoischangethewaysocietythinksandreacts.Thefirstthingthatneedstobedoneisweneedtouselessenergy.Onewayofusinglessenergyistoincreaserecyclingandsorecyclingschemesandre-useofmaterialsshouldbeencouragedthroughoutEuropeandNorthAmerica.Secondly,wehavetochangeoftransportsystem.Wehavetolookforamoreefficienttransportsystemwhichrelieslessonindividuals-useofcarsandmoreonagoodpublictransportnetwork.Thesearethethingswemustbelookingforwardto.Unlesswedothat,unlesswechangesocietyinthisway—conserveenergy,rationaliseourwayoftransportandnowcleanupourpowerstationsandindividualcars—thenwe'reboundtoseemoreandworseenvironmentaleffectsfromairpollutionandacidrain.Wemustactnow.PartB:ListeningandTranslationⅠ.SentenceTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear5Englishsentences.Youwillhearthesentencesonlyonce.Afteryouhaveheardeachsentence,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswerbooklet.Nowlet'sbeginPartBwithSentenceTranslation.SentenceNo.1.Shanghaiisaworld-famousmetropolitancity.Shanghaihasbeenawindowtothewest;itisthecityinwhichmycountryandyoursissuedthecommuniquethatbeganourmodernfriendship.SentenceNo.2.Today,about20%ofAmericanchildrenlivewithonlyoneparent.Oneofthereasonsforthisistheincreasingnumberofwomenwhohavechildrenwithoutbeingmarried.SentenceNo.3.Forthefirsttenmonthsofthisyear,bilateraltradevolumewas4.1billionUSdollars,whichisa25percentincreaseoverthesameperiodlastyear.SentenceNo.4.Globalizationobligesallnations,smallorlarge,richorpoor,totakepartinacontinuousprocessofadjustment.SentenceNo.5.Historyisariverthatmaytakeusasitwill.Butwehavethepowertonavigate,tochoosedirectionandmakeourpassagetogether.Ⅱ.PassageTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear2Englishpassages.Youwillhearthepassagesonlyonce.Afteryouhaveheardeachpassage,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswerbooklet.Youmaytakenoteswhileyouarelistening.Nowlet'sbeginpassageTranslatewiththefirstpassage.Passage1Ahotelisatemporaryhomeforpeoplewhoaretravelling.Inahotel,thetravellercanrestandhasaccesstofoodanddrink,eitheronthepremisesornearby.Thehotelmayalsooffer12nfacilitiesforrecreation,suchasaswimmingpool,agolfcourse,orabeach.Inmanycases,thehotelalsoprovidesfreespaceforthetraveller’smeansoftransportation,whichnowadaysistheautomobile.Alloftheseservicesaredesignedtoaccommodatethetraveller,sothehotelbusinessisoftenreferredtoastheaccommodationsindustry.Passage2Policesaidthataboutfivehundredhomeswerewashedawaybyfloodsafteratyphoonstruckthewestcoastoftheislandyesterdaybringingdrivingrainandwindsofuptoeightymilesperhour.Thetyphoonfloodedwideareasoftheislandandcrippledcommunicationsandpowersupplies.Alldomesticflightswerecancelledyesterdayandtheinternationalairportwasclosedforaboutfivehours.Itwasreportedthattwopassengerferrieshadbeensunkbutnodetailsofcasualtiesweregiven.Itwillbesometimebeforewehearthefinalcasualtyfigures.12