2012年6月份英语四级标准模拟试题及答案详解

2012年6月份英语四级标准模拟试题及答案详解

2012年6月份英语四级标准模拟试题及答案详解PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicToBeCivilizedTourists.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.随着旅游人数增多，游客不文明现象突增2.分析此现象造成的不良影响3.提倡大家做文明游客ToBeCivilizedTourists______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BiodiversityGenerallyspeaking,thegreatestdegreeofspeciesdiversityisfoundinthewarmtropicalhabitats(thenaturalhomesofplantsoranimals)nearesttheequator.DiversityislowerintheEarth'stemperatezones,andlowestinthepolarregions,aphenomenonknownasthelatitudinalgradient(纬度倾斜度)ofbiodiversity.Andthespeciesrichnessoflandecosystems(生态系统)alsodecreasesathigherelevations.Highamountsofannualrainfallalsocorrelatetoricherdiversityinlandhabitats,withthehighestconcentrationofdifferentspeciesfoundinthetropicalrainforests.Themostdiversemarineecosystemsarelocatedontheocean'scontinentalshelves,althoughdeep-seahabitatsalsodemonstratesignificantspeciesrichness.RainforestsAndCoralReefsSciencehasyettoexplaintheremarkabledegreeofspeciesdiversityfoundintropicalrainforestsandcoralreefs.Theanswerstothisecologicalmysteryinvolveboththeoriginsofdiversitythroughevolutionandthemaintenanceofspeciesdiversity.Tropicalrainforestscoverapproximately9millionsquarekilometers—adecreaseofabout45%sinceman'sarrival.Althoughtheyaccountforonlyabout6%oftheworld'slandsurface,thesehighlydiverseecosystemscontainoverhalfofalllivingspecies.Someresearchersplacethatfigureashighas90%,basedonestimatesofthenumberofmicroorganismsandinsectsbelievedtopopulatetherainforests.Likewise,approximatelyonequarterofmarinespeciesarethoughttonresideontheocean'scoralreefs.Sadly,maniscuttingandburningtheworld'srainforestsatarateofapproximately100,000squarekilometersannually.AsEdwardWilsonexplains,thisamountstothedestructionofanareaofrainforestequaltothesizeofafootballfieldeverysecond.Heconservativelyestimatesthatbetween0.2%and0.3%ofrainforestspecies—thatis4,000to6,000individualspecies—arelosteachyearfromdeforestationalone.Thisis10,000timestherateofnaturalextinctionwhichoccurredbeforehumanintervention.Theproblemissoseverethat,in1990,theindependentScienceAdvisoryBoardoftheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynamedhabitatlossandspeciesextinctionastwooftheworld'smostcriticalenvironmentalproblems.ThreatsToBiodiversityThethreatstobiodiversityaremyriad(无数的),butmostarethedirectorindirectresultofhumanactivity.Populationgrowthandmigration,overexploitation,andthelackofsustainableresourceconsumptionpoliciescontinuetostresssensitiveecosystems.SomeofthehighestratesofgrowthareoccurringintheEarth'sspecies-richtropicalregions.Forexample,75millionpeoplealreadyinhabittherainforestsoftheUpperAmazoniaandGuyanaShieldinSouthAmerica,theCongoBasininAfrica,andtheNewGuinea/MelanesianIslandsbetweenAsiaandAustralia,andtheirpopulationsarecontinuingtoexpandatnearly250%oftheworldaverage.Thedestructionofnaturalhabitatstoaccommodatepopulationgrowthandmigrationisthesinglelargestfactorinthelossofspeciesandevenentireecosystems.InthecontinentalUnitedStatesalone,98%ofvirginforestsand51%ofnaturalwetlandshavebeendestroyed.However,lesserhumanintrusions,suchastheremovalofasinglenativepopulationortheintroductionofanon-nativespeciescanalsoseverelydisruptthefunctioningofnaturalecosystems,duetothecomplexnatureoftheirinterrelationshipsandprocesses.Humanactivityalsoproducespollutionandcontaminationwhichcanaffectalllevelsofbiodiversity.Poisonoussubstancesreleasedintoourairandwaternotonlyimpactregionalecosystems,butcanextendtheirharmfuleffectsbeyondstateandnationalborders,asinthecaseofacidrain.Continueddischargeofothersubstancesintotheatmosphere,thoughnotnecessarilypoisonous,leadstotheozonedepletioninthestratosphereandincreasedpenetrationofultravioletradiationtothelandandocean.Scientistshaveidentifiedthe“greenhouseeffects”,whereincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxide,methane,andothergasescaptureheatwithintheEarth'satmosphere.Thisclimaticglobalwarmingisofparticularconcerninthecoldtemperateandpolarregions,wherepossibleclimaticshiftscouldleavebehindentirerangesofplantandanimalspecies.Becauseclimaticchangeswouldbemostseverenearthepoles,entireArcticandAntarcticecosystemscouldbethreatenedwithextinction.Carbonreleasedfromtheburningoffossilfuelsandnaturalhabitatsisakeycauseofglobalwarming.Accordingtoa1992reportbytheU.S.OfficeofTechnologyAssessment,theburningoftropicalforestsoutsidetheUnitedStatesaccountedforapproximately25%ofallcarbonreleasedintotheatmosphereduringtheprecedingdecade.Globalclimatechangescanaltertheenvironmentanddisruptecosystems,resultinginlossofspeciesandpopulationsthatareunabletoeithermigrateoradapttonewecologicalconditions.Theultimateeffectsoftheseclimatechangesareunknownbutriskpotentiallyseriousconsequencesforhumansaswellasotherspecies.nCertainlyovermillionsofyearsspeciesadaptedtoalternativeclimaticwarmingandcooling,theexpansionorshrinkageofcontinentalshelvesandtheinvasionofnewcompetitorsandparasites.Thosethatcouldnotchangebecameextinct,butatsucharelativelyslowratethatotherbetter-adaptedspeciesevolvedtoreplacethem.Inthemidstofendlessturnover,thebalanceoflifewassustained.Butnowthevelocityofchangeistoogreatforlifetohandle,andthebalancehasbeendisturbed.Ithasreacheddangerouslyhighlevelswithinasinglehumanlifespan,merelyatickingeologicaltime.Humanityiscreatingaradicalnewenvironmenttooquicklytoallowthespeciestoadjust.Speciesneedthousandsormillionsofyearstoassemblecomplexgeneticadaptations.Mostoflifeisconsequentlyatrisk.Weareatrisk.1.Thelowerthelatitudeandaltitudeare,thehigherthedegreeofspeciesdiversityonlandcanalwaysbefound.2.Theareaoftropicalrainforestshasdecreasedby45%orsosinceman'sarrival.3.Tropicalrainforestsarehometoallland-livingplantandanimalspeciesonEarth.4.AccordingtoEdwardWilson,man'scuttingandburningalonemakesannuallossofthousandsofindividualrainforestspecies.5.Thefastestgrowthofthreatscausedbyhumanactivitytobiodiversityisusuallyhappeninginspecies-richtropicalregions.6.ThevastmajorityofvirginforestsandabouthalfofnaturalwetlandshavebeendestroyedinthecontinentalUS.7.EntireArcticandAntarcticecosystemsarethreatenedwithextinction,forclimaticchangesaremostseverenearthepoles.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8.Acidrainisoneofthepoisonoussubstanceswhichnotonlyextendsitsharmfuleffectsbeyondstateandnationalborders,butimpacts___________________________.9.Lossofspeciesandpopulationsfailuretomigrateortoadapttonewecologicalconditionscanbecausedby___________________________.10.Overmillionsofyearsthespeedofless-adaptedspeciesthatwerereplacedbyotherbetter-adaptedoneswere___________________________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.[A]Bothspeakersthinkhalfofthestaffareefficient.n[B]Thewomanhasafavorableopinionofthestaff.[C]Neitherofthemhasafavorableopinionofthestaff.[D]Thewomanisarestaurantmanagerherself.12.[A]Inabikeparkinglot.[B]Atabikerepairshop.[C]Inabikeshowroom.[D]Inabikefactory.13.[A]Shopfornewclothes.[B]Losesomeweight.[C]Havehisjeansaltered.[D]Wearclothesthatfitmoretightly.14.[A]Paulshouldtakeoverhisuncle'sbusinessnow.[B]Hedoesn'tagreewiththewoman'sremarks.[C]Paulshouldstayanotheryearforhisstudies.[D]HefeltupsetbyPaul'shastydecision.15.[A]Gocrossthebridge.[B]Repeattheexperiment.[C]Cometothebridgegame.[D]Waitandseewhatwillhappen.16.[A]Itwasn'tgoodinvestment.[B]Itshouldhavelastedlonger.[C]Themanshouldbuynewpartsforit.[D]Themanwon'tbeabletogetitrepaired.17.[A]Nickrepairedithimself.[B]Nicknowworksinagarage.[C]Nickhadhismotorcyclefixed.[D]Nickwastedhismoney.18.[A]Hewishestohavemorecourseslikeit.[B]Hefindsithardtofollowtheteacher.[C]Hewishestheteacherwouldtalkmore.[D]Hedoesn'tliketheteacher'saccent.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.[A]Theman'spayraise.[B]Acareerladderfortheman.[C]Theman'seducation.[D]Anewchanceforeveryonetobepromoted.20.[A]Threeyears.[B]Fouryears.[C]Fiveyears.[D]Sixyears.21.[A]Thepersonwhohasthestrongwill.[B]Thepersonwhohasattendedtheadultschool.[C]Thepersonwhocanpassthetestofarithmetic.[D]Thepersonwhocanworkatcomputersquicklyafteratwo-daytraining.22.[A]Themaniseagertoattendthetraining.[B]Themanisnotveryinterestedinthischanceforpromotion.n[C]Themanhasbeentrainingforcomputerworksincelastyear.[D]ThemanisnotconfidentinhischancetobepromotedtotheGrade7.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.[A]Toseehistutorforhelp.[B]Tohelpthewomanwithherreport.[C]Tofindsomematerialsforhisessay.[D]Toreadbooksontheeffectofsmokingbyparentsontheirchildren.24.[A]Thecomputerdoesn'tworkproperly.[B]Peteriswritinganessayonenvironment.[C]MaryismuchbetterthanPeterinusingcomputers.[D]Peteristakingacomputerclasswhichishelpful.25.[A]Standinginthequeue.[B]Waitingforafreecomputer.[C]Askinghistutortorecommendhimsomebooks.[D]Usingthecomputertofindtheneededinformation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.[A]Remembertheentiretraderoute.[B]Knowthemakingofproducts.[C]Receivecertainspecialtraining.[D]Dealwithalotofdifficulties.27.[A]Becauseitwasmadeupofdifferentroutes.[B]Becausesilktradingbecamelesspopular.[C]Becauseseatravelprovidedeasierroutes.[D]Becausepeopleneededfewerforeigngoods.28.[A]Becausepeoplelearnedfromoneanother.[B]Becausepeoplesharedeachother'sbeliefs.[C]Becausepeopletradedgoodsalongtheroute.[D]Becausepeopleearnedtheirlivingbytraveling.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.[A]Theyworryaboutschool.[B]Theydislikelivingwiththeirparents.[C]Theyhavetobelockedintoavoidtroubles.[D]Theyquarrelalotwithotherfamilymembers.30.[A]Theydon'twanttomakefamilydecisions.[B]Theydon'twanttosharefamilyresponsibility.[C]Theydon'twanttogoboatingwiththeirfamily.[D]Theydon'twanttocausetroubleintheirfamilies.n31.[A]Theygivetheirchildrenmorefreedom.[B]Theycarelessabouttheirchildren'slife.[C]Theyaremuchstricterwiththeirchildren.[D]Theygotoclubsmoreoftenwiththeirchildren.32.[A]Negotiationinfamily.[B]Educationinfamily.[C]Harmonyinfamily.[D]Teenagetroubleinfamily.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.[A]BecauseAmerywasfondofgames.[B]BecauseAmerywasofsimilarsize.[C]BecauseAmerywasgoodatsports.[D]BecauseAmerylookedlikeananimal.34.[A]Becausehewaslaughedatbyotherboys.[B]BecausehepushedAmeryhardandhurthim.[C]Becauseheplayedajokeonanoutstandingathlete.[D]BecauseAmeryturnedouttobeinthesamegrade.35.[A]ThewritercouldrunfasterthanAmery.[B]Thewriterlikedplayingonboysofallsizes.[C]AmerywasastudentinGradeFour.[D]Ameryforgavethewriterforhisrudebehavior.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Sixteen-year-oldMichaelViscardsiofSanDiegowonfirstprizeintheSiemensWestinghouseCompetitioninMath,ScienceandTechnology.Heshowed(36)_______toanineteen-centurymathproblem.Michaelhasbeen(37)_______byhismother,whohasadoctorateinneuroscience.Healsoworkedonhisprojectwithaprofessoratauniversity.TheNationalCenterforEducationStatisticsdidits(38)_______researchonhome-schoolingin2003.Researchers(39)_______thatmorethanonemillionAmericanstudentslearnedathome.Thatwasmorethantwopercentoftheschool-agepopulation.MichaelViscardsi,forexample,hasbeentaughtmostlyathome,butwith(40)_______mathclassesatalocaluniversity.Theresearchersaskedparentswhytheyhome-schooledtheirchildren.Thirty-onepercentsaidthemostimportantreasonwas(41)abouttheenvironmentofthelocalschools.Thirtypercentsaiditwastoprovide(42)_______instruction.Sixteenpercentsaidtheywerenotsatisfiedwiththequalityofthe(43)_______inthelocalschools.(44)n_____________________________________________________________________________________.Aneducationexpertsaidmuchofthisincreasewasincitieswithhistoriesofracialtension.Also,(45)_____________________________________________________________________________________________.Criticsofhome-schoolingsaychildrenneedtoattendschooltohelpthemlearnsocialskills.Theyalsosaythathome-schooledchildrendonotgetaverygoodeducation.Still,(46)_____________________________________________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Moneydoesn'tbuyhappiness,andnowthere'sastudytoproveit.Australianresearchersfoundthatpeopleinwell-offSydneyareamongthemostmiserableinthecountry,whilethoseinsomeofthe47areasaremuchmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.“Onlyatvery,veryhighlevelsdoesmoneyactuallyhaveanyimpacttoactasabuffer(起缓冲作用的物),”saidDeakinUniversityresearcherLizEckerman.“Moneydoesn'tactuallybuyhappinessandthat'swhatwasshownvery48forthenearly23,000peoplewe've49sofar,”shetoldABCradio.Thefindings,collated（比较）since2001,50thatwhiletherearenoextremesofwell-beinginAustralia,thehappiestareashadalowerpopulation,morepeopleaged55orover,morewomen,moremarriedpeopleand51incomeinequality.Thesurvey52aperson'ssatisfactionwiththeirstandardofliving,health,relationships,lifeachievement,safety,communityconnectionandfuture53______.RobertCummins,aprofessorofpsychologyatDeakinwhocompiledthesurvey'sscorecard,putthe54downtothehighercostofhousingandhighpopulation55incities.“Peopleintheseruralareasoftenhavetheadvantageof56disposableincomesincethecostofliving,particularlyhousing,tendstobereducedoutsidethecities,”hetoldTheAustraliannewspaper.Ofthe150nationalelectorates(选区)surveyed,oneofthenation'spoorest,WideBayinruralQueensland,wasamongthehappiest.[A]interviewed[F]additional[K]less[B]actually[G]more[L]excess[C]explore[H]density[M]poorest[D]security[I]show[N]clearly[E]richest[J]difference[O]assessednSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foryearstherehavebeenendlessarticlesstatingthatscientistsareonthevergeofachievingartificialintelligence,andthatitisjustaroundthecorner.Thetruthisthatitmaybejustaroundthecorner,buttheyhaven'tyetfoundtherightclock.Artificialintelligenceaimstobuildmachinesthatcanthink.Oneimmediateproblemistodefinethought,whichisharderthanyoumightthink.Thespecialistsinthefieldofartificialintelligencecomplain,withsomejustification,thatanythingthattheirmachinesdoisdismissedasnotbeingthought.Forexample,computerscannowplayvery,verygoodchess.Theycan'tbeatthegreatestplayersintheworld,buttheycanbeatjustaboutanybodyelse.Ifahumanbeingplayedchessatthislevel,heorshewouldcertainlybeconsideredsmart.Whynotamachine?Theansweristhatthemachinedoesn'tdoanythingcleverinplayingchess.Itusesitsblindingspeedtodoabrute-force(残忍的)searchofallpossiblemovesforseveralmovesahead,evaluatestheoutcomesandpicksthebest.Humansdon'tplaychessthatway.Theyseepatterns,whichcomputersdon't.Thiswoodenapproachtothoughtcharacterizesmachineintelligence.Computershavenojudgment,noflexibility,andnocommonsense.So-calledexpertsystems,oneofthehottestareasinartificialintelligence,aimtomimicthereasoningprocessesofhumanexpertsinalimitedfield,suchasmedicaldiagnosisorweatherforecasting.Theremaybelimitedcommercialapplicationsforthissortofthing,butthereisnowaytomakeamachinethinkaboutanythingunderthesun,whichateenagercando.Thehallmark(特征)ofartificialintelligencetodateisthatifaproblemisseverelyrestricted,amachinecanachievelimitedsuccess.Butwhentheproblemisexpandedtoarealisticone,computersfallflatontheirdisplayscreens.Forexample,machinescanunderstandafewwordsspokenindividuallybyaspeakerthattheyhavebeentrainedtohear.Theycannotunderstandcontinuousspeechusinganunlimitedvocabularyspokenbyjustanyspeaker.57.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthor______.[A]thinksthatscientistsareabouttoachieveartificialintelligence[B]doubtswhetherscientistscaneverachieveartificialintelligence[C]doesnotthinkthatscientistshavefoundrealartificialintelligence[D]issurethatscientistshaveachievedartificialintelligence58.Welearnfromthesecondparagraphthat______.[A]thewriterthinksthatthespecialists'complainshavesomereasons[B]anythingthatthecomputerdoescanberegardedasthought[C]itisnotverydifficulttodefinethought[D]computersplaychessinexactlythesamewayashumans59.Theadvantageofthecomputerinplayingchessliesinits______.[A]clevernessinthinkingoutoriginalmoves[B]abilitytopickupthebestoutofallpossiblemovesveryquickly[C]flexibilityinchoosingseveraldifferentmovesn[D]abilitytoseepatterns60.Thecharacteristicofmachineintelligenceisits______.[A]correctjudgment[B]highflexibility[C]abilitytothinkaboutanything[D]rigidapproachtothought61.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcomputersistrueaccordingtothepassage?[A]Computerscanbeatanychessplayerintheworld.[B]Computerscanneverbeusedtoforecastweather.[C]Computerscanbetrainedtounderstandsomewordsspokenbyaspeaker.[D]Computerscanbemadetothinkasateenagerdoes.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.Occasionallythemovementofafamilyawayfromasituationwhichhasbeenthesourceofconflictresultsingreaterfamilyorganization,butonthewhole,mobilityisdisorganizing.Individualsandfamiliesareinvolvedinthreetypesofmobility-movementinspace,movementupordowninsocialstatus,andthemovementofideas.Thesearetermedrespectivelyspatial(空间的),vertical,andideational(概念的)mobility.Agreatincreaseinspatialmobilityhasgonealongwithimprovementsinrailandwatertransportation,theinventionanduseoftheautomobile,andtheavailabilityofairplanepassengerservice.Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.Oneindexoftheincreaseinverticalmobilityisthegreatincreaseintheproportionofsons,andtosomeextentdaughters,whoengageinoccupationsotherthanthoseoftheparents.Anotherindexofverticalmobilityisthedegreeofintermarriagebetweensocialclasses.Thisoccursalmostexclusivelybetweenclasseswhichareadjacent(邻近的)toeachother.Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.Theincreaseinideationalmobilityismeasuredbytheincreaseinpublications,suchasnewspapers,magazines,andbooks,theincreaseinthepercentageofthepopulationowningradios,andtheincreaseintelevisionsets.Allthesetendtointroducenewideasintothehome.Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.62.Whatthepassagetellsuscanbesummarizedbythestatementthat______.[A]potentialdisorganizationispresentintheAmericanfamily[B]familydisorganizationismoreorlesstheresultofmobilityn[C]themovementofafamilyisoneofthefactorsinraisingitssocialstatus[D]socialdevelopmentresultsinadeclineintheimportanceoftraditionalfamilies63.Accordingtothepassage,thosewholiveinatraditionalfamily______.[A]cangetmorehelpfromtheirfamilymembersiftheyareintrouble[B]willhavemorefreedomofactionandthoughtiftheymoveawayfromit[C]arelesslikelytoquarrelwithothersbecauseofconventionalityandstability[D]havetodependontheirrelativesandfriendsiftheydonotmoveawayfromit64.Potentialdisorganizationexistsinthosefamiliesinwhich______.[A]bothparentshavetoworkfulltime[B]thehusband,wife,andchildrenworktoohard[C]thefamilymembersaresubjecttosocialpressures[D]thehusband,wife,andchildrenseldomgettogether65.Intermarriageanddifferentoccupationsplayanimportantroleinfamilydisorganizationbecause______.[A]theyenablethechildrentotravelaroundwithouttheirparents[B]theyallowonetofindagoodjobandimproveone'ssocialstatus[C]theypermitonetocomeintocontactwithdifferentwaysofbehaviorandthinking[D]theyenablethechildrentobetterunderstandthewaysofbehavioroftheirparents66.Thispassagesuggeststhatawell-organizedfamilyisafamilywhosemembers______.[A]oftenhelpeachotherwithtrueloveandaffection[B]arenotpsychologicallywithdrawnfromoneanother[C]neverquarrelwitheachotherevenwhentheydisagree[D]exposedtothesamenewideasintroducedbybooks,radios,andTVsetsPartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome78hours.Sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours67andthatthesleepnormallycoincides68thehoursofdarkness.Ourpresent69iswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthis70canbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecasewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisa71ofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomation72forround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally73fromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa74routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayand67.[A]weakness[B]fairness[C]wakefulness[D]goodness68.[A]in[B]with[C]of[D]over69.[A]care[B]attention[C]intention[D]concern70.[A]cycle[B]period[C]circle[D]round71.[A]problem[B]difficulty[C]trouble[D]matter72.[A]asks[B]invites[C]calls[D]reacts73.[A]takes[B]spends[C]demands[D]asks74.[A]former[B]returned[C]reversed[D]regular75.[A]Therefore[B]nworkingatnight.75,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythat76arechangedeveryweek.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutine77hehastochangetoanother,78thatmuchofhistimeisspent79workingnorsleepingvery80.Oneanswerwouldseemtobe81periodsoneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths.82,recentresearchhasshownthatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttogobacktotheir83habitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweekendandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyany84tonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohand85thenightshifttothosepermanentnightworkerswhose86maypersistthroughallweekendsandholidays.Unfortunately[C]Instead[D]Regretfully76.[A]changes[B]variations[C]shifts[D]alterations77.[A]as[B]when[C]then[D]than78.[A]in[B]so[C]such[D]except79.[A]none[B]both[C]either[D]neither80.[A]efficiently[B]effectively[C]anxiously[D]adequately81.[A]shorter[B]better[C]longer[D]nicer82.[A]Moreover[B]Yet[C]Still[D]However83.[A]new[B]normal[C]temporary[D]favorite84.[A]adjustment[B]return[C]adaptation[D]tendency85.[A]over[B]out[C]on[D]down86.[A]pattern[B]sleep[C]preference[D]habitPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Theteacherhavedecidedthathe________________________(将她最近的生病情况考虑在内)whenmarkingherexams.88.Aninvestigationwasmadeintotheaccident,________________________(在这次事故中死了五十人).89.Ifshehadtakenyouradvice,she________________________(就不会犯如此严重的错误了).90.Asthelongholidayisapproaching,________________________(没有什么比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了).91.Sometimeschildrenhavetrouble________________________(从小说里找到事实)andmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.n答案解析PartIWriting【作文范文】ToBeCivilizedTouristsAtpresent,withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,moreandmorepeoplegoouttotravel.However,whiletouristsenjoythebeautifulscenery,theyalsodestroyit.Therearesomanyuncivilizedbehaviors,suchasspitting,littering,andscribblingonwallsandsoon.Whetherthesebehaviorsareintentionalornot,theyhavehadaharmfulinfluenceonourcities,evenonourcountry.Foronething,visitorswouldnotbewillingtocometothespotagainowingtoothers’uncivildeeds,whichisastriketothedevelopmentofthelocaltourism.Foranother,someuncivilphenomenadirectlyleadtothedamagetoscenicspotsthatareofgreatvalue.Tosumup,uncivilizedbehaviorshaveinfluencedalotontheimagesofourcitiesandourcountry.Therefore,weneedtotakesomeactionstostopthoseuncivilizedbehaviors.Thecitieswherewearelivingareourhomessothateverybodyshouldshouldertheresponsibilitytobecivilized.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)【结构剖析】说明文。本文介绍了生物的多样性。前两段说明背景：地球上的生物种类分布情况；RainforestsAndCoralReefs部分介绍了热带雨林和珊瑚礁地区物种丰富的原因；ThreatsToBiodiversity部分介绍了威胁生物多样性的因素：人类活动带来的直接或间接影响。1.【线索词】lower;higher;degreeofspeciesdiversity【定位处】文章首段【解析】N。本题定位信息是degreeofspeciesdiversity，因此应锁定文章首段。文章开头的Generallyspeaking表明，后面提到的degreeofspeciesdiversity随着纬度的增加而降低和随着海拔的增加而降低都是通常的情况，而不是题干中所说的always（经常，总是）的情况，故答案为N。【设题处】比较处设题。2.【线索词】tropicalrainforests;decreased【定位处】RainforestsAndCoralReefs下第二段首句【解析】Y。本题定位信息是decreasedby45%，因此应锁定RainforestsAndCoralReefs下第二段首句。根据首句可知，目前热带雨林的面积比人类来到雨林之前减少了45%。题干中的decreaseby45%与文中的adecreaseofabout45%对应，因此本题表述正确。【设题处】数字处设题。3.【线索词】tropicalrainforests;plantandanimalspecies【定位处】RainforestsAndCoralReefs下第二段第二句【解析】NG。本题定位信息是tropicalrainforests，因此应锁定RainforestsAndCoralReefs下第二段第二句。该段句中提到的overhalfofalllivingspecies与题干中的allland-livingplantandanimalspecies是两个不同的概念，文中并未提到热带雨林中的陆生物种占全部陆生物种的比例，因此判断本题答案为NG。【设题处】转折处设题。4.【线索词】EdwardWilson;man’scuttingandburning【定位处】RainforestsAndCoralReefs下第三段第一、三句n【解析】Y。本题定位信息是EdwardWilson，因此应锁定RainforestsAndCoralReefs下第三段第一、三句。该段提到了EdwardWilson的估断：thatis4,000to6,000individualspecies—arelosteachyearfromdeforestationalone，这里的deforestation就是指该段开头提到的maniscuttingandburningtheworld’sforests。题干是对原文的同义转述（用thousandsof代替了文中的4,000to6,000）。【设题处】数字处设题。5.【线索词】growthofthreats;species-richtropicalregions【定位处】ThreatsToBiodiversity下第二段第二句【解析】N。本题定位信息是threats...tobiodiversity，因此应锁定ThreatsToBiodiversity下第二段第二句。题干中的usually与文中的some矛盾，因此判断本题错误。【设题处】递进处设题。6.【线索词】virginforests；naturalwetlands【定位处】ThreatsToBiodiversity下第三段第二句【解析】Y。本题定位信息是virginforests和naturalwetlands，因此应锁定ThreatsToBiodiversity下第三段第二句。题干中的Thevastmajority对应文中的98%，abouthalf对应文中的51%，因此题干表述正确。【设题处】数字处设题。7.【线索词】EntireArcticandAntarcticecosystems；threatened【定位处】ThreatsToBiodiversity下第五段末句【解析】N。本题定位信息是EntireArcticandAntarcticecosystemsarethreatened，因此应锁定ThreatsToBiodiversity下第五段末句。题干中使用的陈述语气（are）与该句中的wouldbe和couldbe表示的虚拟语气矛盾，因此判断本题答案为N。【设题处】因果处设题。8.【线索词】Acidrain；poisonoussubstances【定位处】ThreatsToBiodiversity下第四段第二句【解析】regionalecosystems。本题定位信息是Acidrain，因此应锁定ThreatsToBiodiversity下第四段第二句。本题是把acidrain及extenditsharmfuleffects...提前，而把impactregionalecosystems置后了，故空中应填入regionalecosystems。【设题处】举例处设题。9.【线索词】Lossofspeciesandpopulations’failure【定位处】倒数第二段首句【解析】globalclimatechanges。本题定位信息是Lossofspeciesandpopulations’failure，因此应锁定倒数第二段首句。首句指出，全球的气候变化可以改变环境并扰乱生态系统，最终导致物种灭绝、人类无法迁移或适应新的生态条件，很显然本空应填入globalclimatechanges。【设题处】因果处设题。10.【线索词】less-adaptedspecies；better-adaptedones【定位处】末段前两句【解析】relativelyslow。本题定位信息是lessadaptedspecies和betteradaptedones，因此应锁定末段前两句。该段第二句结尾的them指的是前面的Thosethatcouldnotchange，即less-adaptedspecies。根据atsucharelativelyslowratethatotherbetteradaptedspeciesevolvedtoreplacethem可知，空中应填入relativelyslow。【设题处】对比处设题PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.M:Theserviceinthisrestaurantisreallyterrible.nW:Right.It’shightimetheygotridofhalfofthestaffhere,ifyouaskme.Q:Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromtheconversation?【听前预测】由选项中的Both，Thewoman，Neither，thestaff，opinion等可知，对话与对员工的看法有关。【解析】选[C]。对话中男士提到Theservice...isreallyterrible（服务真是糟透了。），女士回答说Right，即认同男士的观点，故答案为[C]。It’shightime+did...是一种虚拟，表示“是时候做…了”。12.W:Couldyouhavemybikereadybefore10:00?Recentlythebrakehasn’tworkedwell.M:Sure,I’llcheckit.Thatwon’tbeabigproblem.Youmaycomeandpickitupbefore10:00.Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?【听前预测】由选项均为地点可知，本题考查对话地点或场景，由各选项均有bike可知，对话与自行车有关。【解析】选[B]。对话中女士提到thebrakehasn’tworkedwell（刹车不灵了），选项[B]中的“repair”与女士的话对应，故[B]为答案。sth.doesn’tworkwell意为“某物坏了”。parkinglot意为“停车场”。13.M:I’mhavingtroublefittingintomyjeans.LookslikeI’llhavetogetsomenewones.W:Oh,youwouldn’tdothatifyoujustcutdownonwhatyoueat.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplythemanshoulddo?【听前预测】由选项均以原形动词开头可知，本题考查建议。由Havehisjeansaltered可知，女士的话为听音重点。【解析】选[B]。女士的话justcutdownonwhatyoueat为听音重点。选项[B]的内容为女士的话的同义转述，故[B]为答案。havetroubledoingsth.意为“做某事有麻烦”。cutdownonsth.意为“减少、削减某物”。loseweight意为“减肥”。14.W:PaulwouldbemuchwisertostayinthiscountryanotheryearfinishinghisMaster’sDegreethantorushhomeandtotakeoverhisuncle’sbusinessnow.Don’tyouthinkso?M:Yes,Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?【听前预测】由选项中重复出现的Paul，should可知，本题可能考查与Paul有关的建议。【解析】选[C]。对话中男士提到Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore，结合女士所说的Paul...wiserto...anotheryearfinishing...Degree可知，选项[C]的内容为男士的话的同义转述，故[C]为答案。couldn’tagreewithsb.more意为“非常同意某人的观点”。takeoversb.’sbusiness意为“接管某人的生意”。15.W:DoyouthinkProfessorGreenwillmakeyouredotheentireexperiment?M:Idon’tknow.I’llcrossthatbridgewhenIcometoit.Q:Whatisthemanplanningtodo?【听前预测】由选项均以动词原形可知，本题考查行为动作，对话双方使用的动词是听音重点。【解析】选[D]。对话中男士提到crossthatbridgewhenIcometoit.，选项[D]的内容为男士的话的同义转述，故[D]为答案。crossthebridge意为“船到桥头自然直”。16.M:Thewashingmachineinourapartmentismorethanseventeenyearsold,anditworkedjustfineuntillastnight.W:You’llneverbeabletogetpartsforit.Itmightbetimetoinvestinamorerecentmodel.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutthewashingmachine?n【听前预测】由选项中的wasn’tgood，shouldhavelastedlonger和反复出现的theman，should等可知，对话可能与某种东西坏了之后男士应该怎么做有关，女士的话为听音重点。【解析】选[D]。由女士所说的You’llneverbeabletogetpartsforit（你永远都买不到它的零件了）可知，女士认为洗衣机没法修了，选项[D]内容与此一致，故为答案。17.M:ThereisNickonhismotorcycle.Didhetakeittothegaragetobefixed?W:Don’tbefoolish.Thatwouldhavebeenawasteofmoney.Itonlyhadaflattire.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?【听前预测】选项[A]说的是Nick自己修理，选项[C]说的是Nick让别人修理，两者意思相反，根据命题规律，答案锁定在[A]和[C]之间。【解析】选[A]。对话中男士提到Didhetakeittothegaragetobefixed?（他是到车店修理的吗？），女士回答时提到Don’tbefoolish.（不要傻了），认为Nick没有到车店修理，即自己修理，故答案为[A]。flattire意为“瘪的车轮”。18.W:Youtookanoptionalcoursethissemester,didn’tyou?Howisitgoing?M:Terrible.Itseemslikethemoretheprofessortalks,thelessIunderstand.Q:Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthecourse?【听前预测】由Hewishes/finds/doesn’tlike等知，男士的话为听音重点。【解析】选[B]。男士的话themoretheprofessortalks,thelessIunderstand（老师讲得越多，我越不明白）为听音重点。选项[B]的内容与此一致，故为答案。follow意为“（学习等）跟得上，听得懂”。Nowyouwillhearthetwolongconversations.ConversationOne【听前预测】选项中的careerladder,payraise,training等词表明，对话可能与职业升迁、加薪和培训有关。M:Goodmorning,Mrs.Green.Youwanttoseeme?W:Yes,Jim.Let’sreviewwhatyou’vedonesofar.Youwerehiredasamailclerkaboutfiveyearsago.You’velearnedalotsincethen,haven’tyou?M:Sure.IlearnedmoreaboutthecompanybecauseIwentaroundtodifferentoffices.ThenIwaspromotedtomaildistributionclerk.That’stwogradeshigherthanthemailclerk.SoIskippedagrade.IwentfromGrade1toGrade3.W:Didyoulikethatjob?M:Yeah,mypaywentup,andeveryyearImovedupastep.EverytimeImovedupastep,Igotapayraise.ItwasaGrade3,StepF.ButIdidn’tgooutside.Iwasusuallyinthemailroom.Iwasinchargeoftheothermessengerclerks.W:Youwereaboss.M:Right.Afterthreeyears,themanagersaidhewantedtohelpmemoveup.Theygavemealittletest—arithmetic,alphabetizing,andsometyping.W:Youdidwellonthetest.M:Yes.IdidwellbecauseIstudiedatanadultschool,andIpracticedathomebeforethetest.SoIgotthisjobasseniorclerk.I’maGrade5now.W:Well,Jim,hereisanotherchancetomoveuptheladder.TheMailDepartmentisgettingsomenewcomputers.Wewillgiveeverybodytwodaysoftraining.Thepeoplewholearnquicklycangotoschoolformoretraining.M:Youmeangoingtoschooloncompanytime?Gotoschoolinsteadofcomingtowork?W:Yes,becauseitwillhelpyouinyourworklater.Youcanbepromotedtoproductionnprogrammingafteryou’velearnedtousecomputer.ThejobstartsatGrade7.M:Well,I’dliketothinkaboutitforafewdays.MaybeIshouldstaywhereIamnow.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.Whatismainlydiscussedintheconversation?【解析】选[B]。本题考查对话主旨，与男士的工作有关。对话中简短的问候之后，女士直接说明谈话目的reviewwhatyou’vedonesofar(回顾一下你的工作历程)，后面提到现在又有一个晋升机会（moveuptheladder），由此可知，对话的主要内容就是男士的职业提升，故答案为[B]。【点睛】对话主旨一般要根据对话开头的主要信息进行总结。20.HowmanyyearsdidittakethemantomoveuptoGrade5?【解析】选[C]。对话中女士说男士5年前刚到公司是一名邮政职员，男士说他自己现在是5级高级职员，即男士每年晋升一级，故答案为[C]。【点睛】本题设题点为数字信息处。数字题一般对话中不直接给出，需要根据描述进行推理。21.Whocangetthechancetogotoschoolformoretraining?【解析】选[D]。对话中女士说掌握较快（learnquickly）的人能去学校接受进一步培训（moretraining），故答案为[D]。【点睛】①选项中的who引导的定语从句是解题的关键。②选项是将Wewillgiveeverybodytwodaysoftraining和Thepeoplewholearnquicklycangotoschoolformoretraining进行综合表述。22.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?【解析】选[B]。选项涉及男士对培训的态度。对话结尾男士说他要考虑几天，但可能会留在原职位（MaybeIshouldstaywhereIamnow.），由此可知他对这次脱产培训带来的升迁机会不是很感兴趣，故答案为[B]。【点睛】MaybeIshould表不确定性，从而可推断男士的态度。ConversationTwo【听前预测】选项中的tutor,report,essay,computer等词表明，对话与可能写论文有关。M:Hello,Mary.Fancymeetingyouhere!W:Hi,Peter.Yes,I’mhereagain,andtherealwaysseemstobeaqueue.I’mwritingareportformyeconomicsclass.Howaboutyou?M:I’mstillworkingonmyessayforenvironmentalscience.Ineedtocheckareference.W:Youknow,whenIfirststarteddoingmyreportIwasfrightenedtousethesecomputercatalogues.Iwassuresomethingwouldgowrong.M:Butthey’resouseful.Youcanseeataglancewhatbooksyouneedandifthey’recheckedoutornot.W:Iknowthatnow,butatthebeginningIreallymissedthecardcatalogues.ButanywayIstillhavethesameproblemasIusedtohave,knowingwhattolookup!M:Yes,Iagree,it’sthesameforme.LastweekImusthavewastedtwohourslookingforinformationonatopicIwasworkingon.W:Really?Whatwasthetopic?M:Itwasabouttheeffectofsmokingbyparentsontheirchildren’ssleep.Ilookedupsleeping,childpsychology,childdevelopment,problemsinsocialwork,children’smedicalproblems,andIcan’trememberwhatelse.Intheend,Ihadtogobackandaskmytutorforhelp.W:Youknow,ItookastudyskillsclassbecauseIthoughtitwouldhelpmelocateinformation,nandallIlearnedwashowtoreadthecards,whichwasn’tofmuchhelp!Myrealproblemisknowingwhatcardtolookup.M:Yes,andthattakesthinking!Pitythecomputercan’tdothatforus.W:Maybeitwillsomeday.Oh,look,there’safreecomputernow.M:Yes,thanks.Seeyou!Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.Whatistheman’spurposetocomehere?【解析】选[C]。选项表明，本题考查行为目的。对话一开始男士说，他要为他的环境科学论文查找参考资料，故答案为[C]。【点睛】[C]中的findsomematerials是对对话中的checkareference的同义转述。24.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?【解析】选[B]。对话中男士说他正在写环境科学方面的论文（I’mstillworkingonmyessayforenvironmentalscience），故答案为[B]。其他三项都提到使用计算机查找资料，对话中并未提到计算机不能工作，也没有对话双方的计算机使用能力的比较，对话中女士说，Itookastudyskillsclass，故排除其他三项。【点睛】[B]中的writinganessay是对男士的workingonmyessay的同义转述。25.Whatisthemangoingtodosoon?【解析】选[D]。对话结尾女士说有一台空闲的电脑了(there’safreecomputernow)，由此可推测男士要做的当然是用电脑查资料了，故答案为[D]。【点睛】判断人物接下来的动作，对话末尾一般有所提示。SectionBPassageOne【听前预测】选项中的traderoute,silktrading,tradedgoods等词表明，短文与丝绸贸易有关。Runnersinarelayracepassastickinonedirection.However,merchantspassedsilk,gold,fruit,andglassalongtheSilkRoadinmorethanonedirection.TheyearnedtheirlivingbytravelingthefamousSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadwasnotasimpletradingnetwork.Itpassedthroughthousandsofcitiesandtowns.ItstartedfromeasternChina,acrossCentralAsiaandtheMiddleEast,andendedintheMediterraneanSea.Itwasusedfromabout200B.C.toaboutA.D.1300,whenseatravelofferednewroutes.Itwassometimescalledtheworld’slongesthighway.However,theSilkRoadwasmadeupofmanyroutes,notonesmoothpath.Theypassedthroughwhatarenow18countries.Theroutescrossedmountainsanddesertsandhadmanydangersofhotsun,deepsnowandevenbattles.Onlyexperiencedtraderscouldreturnsafe.TheSilkRoadgotitsnamefromitsmostprizedproduct.Silkcouldbeusedlikemoneytopaytaxesorbuygoods.Butthetraderscarriedmorethanjustsilk.Gold,silver,andglassfromEuropeweremuchfoundintheMiddleEastandAsia.HorsestradedfromotherareaschangedfarmingpracticesinChina.Indianmerchantstradedsaltandothervaluablegoods.Chinesemerchantstradedpaper,whichproducedanimmediateeffectontheWest.ApplestraveledfromcentralAsiatoRome.TheChinesehadlearnedtograft(tojoinapartofaplantortreeontoanotherplantortree)differenttreestogethertomakenewkindsoffruit.Theypassedthisscienceontoothers,includingtheRomans.TheRomansusedgraftingtogrowtheapple.TradingalongtheSilkRoadledtoworldwidebusiness2,000yearsbeforetheWorldWideWeb.ThepeoplealongtheSilkRoaddidnotsharejustgoods.Theyalsosharedtheirbeliefs.TheSilkRoadprovidedpathwaysforlearning,diplomacy,andreligion.nQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.WhatwasneededfortradersalongtheSilkRoadtodo?【解析】选[D]。问题询问对于贸易者来说在丝绸之路上需要具备什么。短文中However转折指出theSilkRoadwasmadeupofmanyroutes,notonesmoothpath.，后面又提到manydangers,可见在丝绸之路上有很多困难，故答案为[D]。【点睛】However转折处为常考点，其后通常为答案所在。[D]中的difficulties是对dangers的同义转述。27.WhydidtheSilkRoadbecomelessimportant?【解析】选[C]。问题询问丝绸之路变得没那么重要的原因。短文中提到Itwasusedfromabout200B.C.toaboutA.D.1300,whenseatravelofferednewroutes，即由于海路的发现使得丝绸之路变得没那么重要了，故答案为[C]。【点睛】when引导时间状语从句。[C]Becauseseatravelprovidedeasierroutes是由whenseatravelofferednewroutes推断出来的。28.WhycouldnewtechnologiestravelalongtheSilkRoad?【解析】选[A]。问题询问新技术能够通过丝绸之路传播的原因，短文中提到Theypassedthisscienceontoothers,也就是说人们互相学习新技术，故答案为[A]。【点睛】[A]中的learnedfromoneanother对应短文中的passedthisscienceontoothers。PassageTwo【听前预测】选项中的They,parents,familymembers等词表明，短文可能与青少年和父母的关系有关。Theevidenceforharmonymaynotbeobviousinsomefamilies.Butitseemsthatfouroutoffiveyoungpeoplenowgetonwiththeirparents,whichistheoppositeofthepopularly-heldimageofunhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomsafterendlessfamilyquarrels.Animportantnewstudyintoteenageattitudessurprisinglyshowsthattheirfamilylifeismoreharmoniousthanithaseverbeeninthepast.“Weweresurprisedbyjusthowpositivetoday’syoungpeopleseemtobeabouttheirfamilies,”saidonememberoftheresearchteam.“They’reexpectedtoberebelliousandselfishbutactuallytheyhaveotherthingsontheirminds;theywantacarandmaterialgoods,andtheyworryaboutwhetherschoolisservingthemwell.There’smorenegotiationanddiscussionbetweenparentsandchildren,andchildrenexpecttotakepartinthefamilydecision-makingprocess.Theydon’twanttorocktheboat.”Soitseemsthatthisgenerationofparentsismuchmorelikelythanparentsof30yearsagototreattheirchildrenasfriends.“Myparentsarehappytodiscussthingswithmeandwillingtolistentome,”says17-year-oldDanielLazall.“IalwaystellthemwhenI’mgoingoutclubbing.AslongastheyknowwhatI’mdoing,they’refinewithit.”SusanCrome,whoisnow21,agrees.“Lookingbackonthelast10years,therewasalotofwhatyoucouldcallnegotiation.Forexample,aslongasI’ddoneallmyhomework,IcouldgooutonaSaturdaynight.ButIthinkmygrandparentswerealotstricterwithmyparentsthanthat.”Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.Whatisthepopularimageofteenagerstoday?【解析】选[B]。短文开头提到，人们普遍认为青少年在与父母无尽的争吵之后都把自己锁在房间里，即青少年不愿意和父母们住在一起，故答案为[B]。【点睛】问题中的popularimage对应短文中的thepopularly-heldimage，lockedintheirroomsafterendlessfamilyquarrels作定语修饰teenagers。30.Whatdoweknowaboutteenagersaccordingtothestudy?n【解析】选[D]。选项表明本题考查青少年在家庭中的某种表现。短文中间提到他们并不想惹麻烦（Theydon’twanttorocktheboat），故答案为[D]。【点睛】①They指的是青少年。②[D]中的causetrouble是对短文中rocktheboat的同义转述。31.Whatdoweknowabouttoday’sparentscomparedwithparentsof30yearsago?【解析】选[A]。短文中间通过17岁女孩DanielLazall的话说明了现在父母给孩子更多的自由，故答案为[A]。【点睛】根据选项内容可知They指的是父母。问题中的today’sparents对应短文中的thisgenerationofparents。32.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?【解析】选[C]。选项概括性强，本题考查短文主旨。短文一开头就提到，在一些家庭中，和谐的迹象很不明显，接下来的几段都围绕“家庭和谐”展开叙述，故答案为[C]。【点睛】上两题虽然都谈到青少年和父母之间的关系，但只是作为举例，不是短文谈论的重点，[D]具有很强的迷惑性，容易误选。PassageThree【听前预测】选项中的Amery，writer等词表明，短文可能与作者和Amery有关，涉及到Amery的外貌特征、爱好、行为动作等，是一篇有关作者和Amery之间所发生的事的记叙文。IfirstwenttoHarrowinthesummerterm.TheschoolhadthebiggestswimmingpoolIhadeverseen.Itwasagoodjoketocomeupbehindanakedboy,andpushhimintothepool.Imadequiteahabitofthiswithboysofmyownsizeorless.OnedayIsawaboywrappedinatowelonthesideofthepool.HewasnobiggerthanIwas,soIthoughthimafairgame.Comingsecretlybehind,Ipushedhimin,holdingontohistowelsothatitwouldnotgetwet.Iwassurprisedtoseeanangryfacecomeoutfromthewater,andabeingofgreatstrengthmakingitswaybyfacestrokestotheshore.Ifled,butinvain.Heovertookme,seizedmeviolently,andthrewmeintothedeepestpartofthepool.Isoonclimbedoutontheotherside,andfoundmyselfsurroundedbyacrowdofyoungerboys.“Doyouknowwhatyouhavedone?”theysaid.“It’sAmery;heisinGradeSix.Heischampionatgym;hehasgothisfootballhonor.”Iwasfrightenedandfeltashamed.HowcouldItellhispositionwhenhewaswrappedinabathtowelandsosmall.Hedidn’tseempleasedatall,soIaddedinamostbrilliantword,“Myfather,whoisagreatman,isalsosmall.”Atthishelaughed,andaftersomegeneralwordsaboutmyrudebehaviorandhowIhadbetterbecarefulinthefuture,signifiedtheincidentwasclosed.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.WhydidthewriterthinkAmery“afairgame”?【解析】选[B]。Because表明问题询问原因，以Why开头。短文开头提到，作者已经养成了将与自己个子差不多或比自己矮的同学推进游泳池的习惯，所以作者看见Amery的个子跟自己差不多，所以就觉得Amery是个理想的猎物（fairgame），故答案为[B]。【点睛】说明理由的内容常为考点。短文中的so为结果，其前面的话即为原因：HewasnobiggerthanIwas，[B]为这句话的推理判断。34.Whydidthewriterfeelashamed?【解析】选[C]。Because表明问题询问原因，以Why开头。在作者将Amery推进游泳池之后，有一群比他小的男孩围了过来，说“Amery是一名运动健将”，作者以个子为依据将一名运动健将推进游泳池，所以作者觉得羞愧，故答案为[C]。n【点睛】说明理由的内容常为考点。35.Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?【解析】选[D]。选项涉及作者和Amery之间的行为动作。短文最后提到，大家被作者的言辞（Myfather,whoisagreatman,isalsosmall.）逗笑了，最后Amery告诉作者以后要小心一点，原谅了作者，故答案为[D]。SectionC36.【解析】solutions。空前的showed表明此处应填一名词，且能与空后的to搭配。短文开头就提到16岁的MichaelViscardsiofSanDiego获得了一等奖，接着解释奖项的具体内容：解答了一个十九世纪的难题。37.【解析】schooled。空前的hasbeen表明此处应填一动词的过去分词。此句提到Michael的教育背景：是由神经科学博士的母亲教育（schooled）。此处school作动词，意为“教育(某人)”。38.【解析】latest。空后的名词表明此处应填一形容词，此句意为“国家教育统计中心在2003年做了一项关于家庭教育的最新（latest）研究。”39.【解析】found。空前的主语及空后的that引导的宾语从句表明此处应填一动词，且为过去式。上句提到一项研究，此句解释这项研究成果：研究人员发现（found），有超过一百万的美国学生在家学习。40.【解析】advanced。空后的名词表明此处应填一形容词。本句拿MichaelViscardsi举例，说明在接受家庭教育的同时还在当地一所大学上高级（advanced）数学班。41.【解析】concerned。空前的was表明，此处应填一形容词，并能与空后的about搭配。本句提到家长进行家庭教育的原因：考虑到（concerned）当地学校的环境。42.【解析】religious。空前的动词provide和空后的名词instruction表明此处应填一形容词。本句也是家长进行家庭教育的原因：家庭可以提供宗教（religious）教育。43.【解析】instruction。空前的定冠词the表明此处应填一名词。本句同样是家长进行家庭教育的原因：对学校的教育（instruction）质量不满意，上句中的instruction对此有提示作用。44.【答案】ItisrecentlyreportedthatthereisanincreaseinthenumberofblackAmericanshome-schooltheirchildren【MainPoints】Recently，itisreportedthatthereisanincreaseinthenumberofblackAmericanshome-schooltheirchildren45.【答案】somefamilieswereconcernedthatlocalschoolswerenotteachingaboutAfrican-Americanhistoryandculture【MainPoints】somefamilieswereworriedthatlocalschoolswerenotteachingaboutAfrican-Americanhistoryandculture46.【答案】allfiftystatesandtheDistrictofColumbiapermithome-schooling,butsomerequiremoreparentpreparationorstudenttestingthanotherstatesdo【MainPoints】allfiftystatesandtheDistrictofColumbiaallowhome-schooling,butsomerequiremoreparentpreparationorstudenttestingthanotherstatesdoPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA【结构剖析】议论文。本文主要讲述了有钱并不一定能够买到快乐这一生活中的哲理。首段讲述了澳大利亚的研究人员通过对处于不同经济水平的地区调查后发现的结果，即有钱并不意味着生活快乐；第二段是有关本次调查结果的具体描述；第三段则提到该国最为贫困的一个选区——昆士兰州的WideBay选区是最快乐的区域之一。n47.【解析】选[M]。分析句子结构可知，所填词应是形容词，故[E]、[F]、[G]、[K]、[L]和[M]入选。由空格前的连词while可知，前后分句之间存在着转折关系，前面提到富裕地区的人们的生活是不快乐的，那么后面应该谈到的是贫困地区的人对生活的满意度，由此可知答案为[M]poorest，从而排除[F]、[G]、[K]、[L]。[E]richest与上句中的well-off“富足的，手头宽裕的”语义重复，而且使前后两句出现逻辑矛盾，故排除。48.【解析】选[N]。分析句子结构可知，所填词应是副词，修饰动词show，故[B]和[N]入选。[N]clearly意为“明显地，清楚地”，与动词show搭配得当，故为答案。而[B]actually意为“事实上”，与动词show搭配不当，故排除。49.【解析】选[A]。根据语法分析可知，所填词应是动词过去分词，其宾语为people，故[A]和[O]入选。[A]interviewed意为“面试、访谈”，其宾语一般为人，符合文意，故为答案。而[O]assessed意为“评价、判断”，其宾语一般是事物，故排除。50.【解析】选[I]。分析句子结构可知，所填词应是动词，且其后应直接接宾语从句，故[C]和[I]入选。[I]show意为“证明，表明”，后可直接接that引导的宾语从句，且与空前的findings构成合理搭配，故为答案。[C]explore意为“探讨，探究”，其后一般不接宾语从句，且用于得出结论之前，故排除。51.【解析】选[K]。分析句子成分可知，所填词应是形容词，修饰incomeinequality，故[E]、[F]、[G]和[K]入选。由空前的比较级lower和more可知，所填词也应是比较级形式，故排除[E]和[F]。空前提到thehappiestareas，由此可知在这些地区应有较少的收入不平等，只有这样人们才会感到最幸福，故答案为[K]less。[G]more使句子前后的逻辑矛盾，故排除。52.【解析】选[O]。分析句子结构可知，所填词应是动词，故[C]和[O]入选。[O]assessed意为“评价、判断”，与宾语satisfaction搭配得当，且时态正确(survey发生在过去)，故为答案。[C]explore意为“探讨，探究”，与宾语satisfaction搭配不当，且时态也不正确。53.【解析】选[D]。分析句子结构可知，所填词应是名词，且被future所修饰，故[D]、[H]和[J]入选。[D]security意为“安全”，与空前的safety同义，故为答案。而[H]和[J]都不能被future所修饰，故排除。54.【解析】选[J]。分析句子结构可知，所填词应是名词，故[H]和[J]入选。文中的put...downto...意为“将…归咎于…”，即本句意：将不同之处归咎于thehighercostofhousing和highpopulation55，故答案为[J]，而不是[H]。55.【解析】选[H]。表示人口的密度通常用populationdensity，故答案为[H]。56.【解析】选[F]。分析句子结构可知，所填词应是形容词原级，故[F]和[L]入选。由空后的句子可知，住在偏远地区的人通常有个优势：那就是有额外的自由支配的收入，故选[F]additional。而[L]excess虽与additional同义，但其强调“多余的，不需要的”，用在此处与文意不符，故排除。SectionBPassageOne【结构剖析】议论文。本文谈论了近年来一直存在争议的话题——人工智能。真正意义上的人工智能是否会实现作者对此表示怀疑，并认为无论怎样人工智能都不可能克服其固有的局限性而超越人脑。57.【设题处】转折处设题【解析】选[C]。本题考查作者的观点。文章首段第二句“事实上是人工智能可能即将实现了，但这个“即将”到底是什么时候人们根本不知道”，[C]“认为科学家还没有发现人工智能”为此句的合理推断，故为答案。[A]和[B]都与此句的内容相矛盾，故排除；[D]对获得人工智能表达了认可和信心，但原文中并未表达此意。n58.【设题处】观点处设题【解析】选[A]。该段第三句“专家们抱怨机器所做的都不被认为是思考，这是有道理的”，[A]“作者认为专家的抱怨是有原因的”与此句意思一致，故为答案。[B]与此句意思相矛盾，故不正确；该段第二句说“definethought...isharderthanyoumightthink”，而[C]说的是给思维下定义并不难，不符合文意；该段倒数第二句暗示了人类的下棋方式与电脑的不同，而[D]说两者完全一样，故不正确。59.【设题处】对比处设题【解析】选[B]。第二段倒数第三句“电脑在下棋时会很快计算出接下来所有可能的走法，而且从中选出最好的一种走法”和倒数第二句“而人不会这样”，[B]所表达的意思与此相同，故为答案。由第二段末句可知，作者认为电脑根本不可能像人这样think（思考），故可排除[A]；[C]与第三段第二句中的Computershavenojudgment，noflexibility相矛盾，故排除；[D]是第二段最后提到的人类的优势，而非电脑的优势。60.【设题处】对比处设题【解析】选[D]。第三段首句“呆板的思维方式是机器智能的特点”，[D]是此句的同义转述，故为答案。其中rigid与文中的wooden近义，意为“呆板的、僵硬的”。[A]和[B]与第三段第二句“电脑缺乏判断能力、灵活性和感知能力”相矛盾，故排除；第二段和第三段都提到人工智能的最大缺陷就是不能思考，[C]“思考任何事情的能力”与此相矛盾，故排除。61.【设题处】举例处设题【解析】选[C]。文章末段倒数第二句提到电脑经过训练可以听懂某个人说的一些单词，故[C]为答案。第二段中间提到Theycan’tbeatthegreatestplayersintheworld，而[A]是说电脑可以击败所有的棋手，没有把最好的棋手排除在外，故不正确；第三段第三句提到可用电脑模拟人类进行分析的领域有限，但天气预报包括在内，由此可知[B]不正确；[D]与第三段第四句中提到的butthereisnoway...whichateenagercando相矛盾，故不正确。PassageTwo【结构剖析】说明文。本文的篇章模式为“总—分”结构。首先提出家庭成员的流动会导致家庭关系的破裂。然后在第二段列举了家庭成员和家庭本身的变迁有三种类型。在接下来的三段中，作者分别对这三种类型进行了详细的说明，阐述了每种变迁的具体方式和最终导致的后果。62.【设题处】主旨处设题【解析】选[B]。该题考查的是对文章大意的把握。文章的首句既是首段的主题句，又是全文的主题句。句中的splitupfamilyrelationships是mobility导致的后果，而且与段尾的disorganizing相互照应，故答案为[B]。[A]只是第三段末句提到的一个现象；[C]颠倒了因果关系；[D]在文中并未涉及。63.【设题处】对比处设题【解析】选[C]。题干中的traditionalfamily与第三段第二句中的traditionalhome意思相同。该句提到传统家庭十分注重familycontinuityandstability,接下来两句提到spatialmobility让部分家庭成员接触并接受了来自其他家庭的不同的态度、价值观和思考方式，这会导致家庭冲突和分裂,而传统的家庭应该是反对spatialmobility的，那么也就不容易出现quarrelwithothers的现象，故答案为[C]。[B]是根据第三段第三句设计的干扰项，原文只提到了思想（thought）方面可能产生的变化，但并未涉及action；[A]和[D]在文中并未提及。64.【设题处】定语从句处设题【解析】选[D]。题干中的potentialdisorganizationexistsin与第三段末句中的Potentialdisorganizationispresentin相对应。此句中的spatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod和livingntogetherbutseeeachotheronlybriefly都说明了家庭成员seldomgettogether，由此可知答案为[D]。文中只提到了differentworkschedules，并未提到worktoohard，由此可排除[B]。[A]和[C]在文中都未提及。65.【设题处】因果处设题【解析】选[C]。第四段末句提到了intermarriage和differentoccupations对家庭关系的影响。这句话中的allows...和tendsto...是两个并列谓语，而且暗含着因果关系：正因为从事不同的职业和联姻允许一个人接触到不同的行为方式，才拉开了父母和孩子的距离。[C]是对“allows...”分句的同义转述。[A]和[B]的内容在文章中都未提及；[D]与文意相反，且与题干中的familydisorganization矛盾。66.【设题处】观点处设题【解析】选[B]。题干中的awell-organizedfamily在文中并未出现,但是文章中提到了三种mobility使家庭变得disorganizing。第三段提到spatialmobility导致了conflictandfamilydisorganization；第四段提到verticalmobilitytendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren；第五段提到ideationalmobility...psychologicallyseparatefromeachother,由此逆向推理可以判断awell-organizedfamily应该没有以上问题,故[B]为答案。[A]没有涉及问题的实质；[C]和[D]的表述都过于绝对，且与文意不符。PartVCloze【结构剖析】说明文。本文介绍了人类每天的活动周期及如何调整这种活动周期来适应现代社会的工作需要。在现代工业社会，由于机械化要求机器24小时不停地运转，从而引起工人如何适应倒班带来的不适的问题。作者提出了两种解决方式。67.【解析】选[C]。语义衔接题。上句说人们的正常的活动周期是每天7～8小时的睡眠时间，下句说其余16～17小时都是处于醒着的状态，只有[C]wakefulness符合语义。68.【解析】选[B]。惯用衔接题。coincidewithsth./sb.是固定搭配，意为“与某事/人同时发生、巧合或一致”。此句意为：总的说来，睡眠时间通常刚好和黑夜时分相吻合。69.【解析】选[D]。语义衔接题。此句中介词with是解题的关键点。[A]care“注意;烦恼”、[B]attention“注意;专心”及[C]intention“意图；目的”均不能与with搭配。[D]concern“关心,忧虑”能与with搭配，故为答案。此句意为：我们目前关心的是怎样很容易地去修正这种活动周期，并看看其能修正到什么程度。70.【解析】选[A]。语义衔接题。根据第一句话就能轻易选出答案为[A]cycle。71.【解析】选[D]。语义衔接题。空后的ofgrowingimportanceinindustry为此空的定语，那么关键点就是与importance（重要）的搭配问题。[A]problem“问题”只能说容易或难；[B]difficulty“难”只能说难度大或小；[C]trouble“麻烦”只能说大或小。只有[D]matter“事情”才能说重要或不重要，为中性词。此句是一个简单主从复合句，句架是：Thecase...isamatter...。句中withwhich引导的是定语从句，修饰thecase。先行词industry后面的where引导的也是定语从句。句中round-the-clock意为“昼夜不停的、日夜运营的”。本句意为：人们可以从白天工作调整为晚上工作的情况现在在工业中变成了一个越来越重要的问题，因为工业中的自动控制需要机器能够昼夜不停地运转。72.【解析】选[C]。语义衔接题。callfor为固定搭配，意为“要求”。[A]asks为强干扰项，其也可以与for搭配使用，askfor意为“请求（帮助等）”，与语义不符，故排除。73.【解析】选[A]。语义衔接题。[B]spends“花费（时间或金钱）”的主语为人，不能为it；[C]demands和[D]asks“要求;需求”都不与时间搭配；Ittakes+时间段+（forsb.）+todosth.为固定句式，故答案为[A]。74.【解析】选[C]。语义衔接题。下句中的sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight表明作息时间颠倒过来，只有[C]reversed“颠倒的”符合语义。n75.【解析】选[B]。逻辑衔接题。[A]Therefore“因此”表因果关系，而此句并不是描述工人换班所造成的结果；[C]Instead“代替”，此句并不是描述替换工人换班的情况；[D]Regretfully“抱歉地”，此句没有抱歉之意。[B]Unfortunately“不幸地”，下句提到在工厂里工人每周换班这样的事很不幸，表明作者观点，为答案。76.【解析】选[C]。语义衔接题。[A]changes“变化、更改”可指表面的、本质的、内在的变化；[B]variations指(形式、位置、条件的)变化、改变、变动；[D]alterations“修正，更改”尤指部分的改变。而[C]shifts指轮值的班（工作时间），如theday/nightshift日班或夜班。此句指的是工人白天夜晚换班，故[C]为答案。77.【解析】选[D]。结构衔接题。nosooner...than...是固定结构，引导时间状语从句,nosooner后是主句，than后是从句，意为“刚…又…”,故答案为[D]。78.【解析】选[B]。结构衔接题。sothat引导结果状语从句，上句提到工人的情况，下句提到工人在这种情况下的结果，故答案为[B]。79.【解析】选[D]。结构衔接题。空后的nor是解答本题的关键。neither...nor...是固定结构，意为“既不…也不…”，故答案为[D]。80.【解析】选[A]。语义衔接题。上句提到工人刚刚适应了一种作息生活模式又要改变成另外一种模式，引出的结果是工人的许多时间既不能有效地用于工作，也不能有效地用于睡眠，[A]efficiently“有效地”符合语义。句中routine作“生活模式”讲。81.【解析】选[C]。语义衔接题。此句中的periods不能用[B]better“更好”和[D]nicer“更美好的”来修饰，故排除。上段中提到changedeveryweek（工人一周倒一次班），而空后提到oneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths，即作者提出的解决办法就是一个月或三个月倒一次班，与一周倒一次班相比，周期更长，[C]longer“更长”符合语义。82.【解析】选[D]。逻辑衔接题。上文提到解决问题的一个办法似乎是让每一个轮班持续更长的时间，如一个月甚至三个月，而此句提到最近的研究表明，像那样一个月或三个月倒班的人会在周末时重新恢复到正常的睡眠和苏醒的习惯中去，表明这种周期更长的倒班制度也不是解决办法，由此可以断定该句与上文是转折关系，而空格后的逗号进一步表明[D]However“然而”符合要求。83.【解析】选[B]。语义衔接题。根据上题分析可得出答案为[B]normal“正常的”。84.【解析】选[C]。语义衔接题。此句是说倒班时间长的人在周末时会恢复到正常的睡眠苏醒习惯，这就会破环工作时间内对夜间工作所形成的适应性，[A]adjustment“调整”、[B]return“返回”及[D]tendency“倾向”都与本句要表达意思不符，只有[C]adaptation“适应性”符合语义。85.【解析】选[A]。语义衔接题。此句提出唯一的解决办法：将夜间工作交给那些有长期夜间工作习惯的工人。handover指把（权位或权力）移交给某人；handout指分发或分配某物；handon指将某物送交或转交他人；handdown指传递某物。在这里指的是将工作交给某人，故答案为[A]。86.【解析】选[D]。语义衔接题。此处是说那些有夜间工作习惯的人，只有[D]habit“习惯”符合语义。PartVITranslation87.【解析】willtakeherrecentillnessintoaccount/consideration。“将…考虑在内”用短语take...intoaccount/consideration表达。“她最近的生病情况”用herrecentillness表达。“考虑”这个动作发生在将来，故用将来时态will。【点睛】whendoingsth.省略了主语，原句为whensb.isdoing。本句已经出现了主语Theteacher，为避免重复将sb.省略。88.【解析】inwhichfiftypeoplewerenkilled。“在这次事故中死了五十人”为非限制性定语从句，用inwhich来引导，先行词为theaccident。was表明本句的时态是一般过去时，“死了五十人”用fiftypeoplewerekilled表达。【点睛】非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。89.【解析】wouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake/wouldn’thavemadesoseriousamistake。If引导的虚拟语气主要用在非真实条件句中。hadtaken表明本句是与过去事实相反的假设，条件从句用过去完成时，主句时态退后，用should/would(not)havedone表示。“犯如此严重的错误”用makesuchaseriousmistake或makesoseriousamistake表达，注意本题中make要用过去分词made。【点睛】If引导的虚拟语气的时态有三种用法：表示现在、过去、将来的情况。①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时，即were，主句用should/would(not)do。②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时，主句用should/would(not)havedone。③表示对将来的假设，从句用过去式、shoulddo或者weretodo，主句用should/would(not)do。90.【解析】nothingismorepleasantthanstayinghomerelaxing。“没有什么比”用固定结构nothingismore+adj.+than+n./doing表达。“没有什么比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了”用nothingismorepleasantthanstayinghomerelaxing表达。than后接名词，如果是动词的话要用动名词形式。【点睛】nothingismore+adj.+tosb.thandoingsth./tosb.以及nothingismore+adj.thandoingsth.均为固定结构，意为“对某人来说没有什么比做某事更…了”。91.【解析】searchingfactfromfiction。“找到事实”用searchfact表达。havetrouble(in)doing是固定结构，所以search要用searching。“从小说里”用fromfiction表达。【点睛】“在做某事方面有困难”用固定结构havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.表达。