2011-6英语六级真题及答案

2011-6英语六级真题及答案

2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解PartII     ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandMinorityReportAmericanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetolda NEWSWEEK reporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses."Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally–butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLainGainer,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves."Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%of median (中间的)familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttothe rigor (严格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost (教务长)DamonWilliams.Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepareTorycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushed mentoring (辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.  Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?A)  Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.8nB)  Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.C)  Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.D)  Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.2.  WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?A)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.B)  ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.C)  Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.3.  WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B)  Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.C)  Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.4.  HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?A)  Fifty-sixpercent.  B)  Thirty-ninepercent.   C)FifteenpercentD)Sixty-sevenpercent.5.  Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause  .A)Theirstudentsworkharder B)  Theyrecruitthebeststudents   C)TheirclassesaregenerallysmallerD)Theygivestudentsmoreattention6.  HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?A)Universitiesaretoblame.B)  Studentsdon'tworkhard.C)  Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.7.  Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.B)  Theycannotaffordthehightuition.C)  Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.8. Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat_______.9. Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith_______duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.10.  WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan_______.PartIV         Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:It'slateintheday.Thatfront-pagepackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdoingsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdoingraisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Your gutreaction (本能反应)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.47.  Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout__________.48.  Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby__________.49.  onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe__________toherandofferanalternativesolution.50.  Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto__________.51.  Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid__________.SectionBAttheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon;considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBoras,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersof8nimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthe fiscal (财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielMichener,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)  Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.B)  TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.C)  Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.D)  Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?A)  Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.B)  Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.C)  Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.D)  Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?A)  Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.B)  Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.C)  Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.D)  Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?A)  Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.B)  Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.C)  Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.D)  Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?A)Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.B)  Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.C)  Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.D)Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.PassageTwoPictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammersrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyManna,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement–atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoManna,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatcharacterizesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?A)  Greaterdiversity.   B)  Intellectual  maturity.      C)Exceptionaldiligence. D)Higherambition.58.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?A)  Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations.B)  Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.C)  Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.D)  Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.59.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?A)  Ageandeducationalbackground. B)  Socialandprofessionalexperience.            C)Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.D)Ethnicoriginandgender.60.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammersshouldconsiderrecruiting?A)Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies.B)  Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.C)  Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.D)Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.61.WhatdoesMannasayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?A)  Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.B)  Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.C)  Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.D)  Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.Part                 Cloze                 (15minutes)Organizedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourses.Usuallyitisleftto__62__todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,__63__nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalizetheachievements8nofstudentswho__64__timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPlusaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly__65__jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside__66__qualifications."Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunch,butwefoundthattheydidn't__67__appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid__68__thelecturehall,"saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity."Employersaremuchmore__69__thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor__70__andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare__71__tothejob."Studentswhosign__72__fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor__73__work,attendfourworkshopsonemploy-abilityskills,takepartinanintensiveskills-relatedactivity__74__,crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.__75__effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho__76__bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingplusAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe__77__organized."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,"saysGoodman.“__78__,onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso__79__negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives."Goodmanhopesthe__80__willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active__81__totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.62.  A)advisors   B)specialists   C)critics   D)employers63.  A)which   B)but         C)unless   D)since64.  A)divide     B)devote     C)deliver   D)donate65.  A)harmonious   B)competitive  C)Resourceful D)prosperous66.  A)artistic   B)technical  C)academic     D)interactive67.  A)dominantly  B)earnestly   C)necessarily   D)gracefully68.  A)outside    B)along         C)over       D)through69.  A)generous  B)considerate  C)enlightening  D)demanding70.  A)origin    B)initial     C)popularity      D)potential71.  A)relevant   B)responsive    C)reluctant  D)respective72.  A)out       B)off           C)away          D)up73.  A)casual    B)elective    C)domestic     D)voluntary74.  A)or     B)thus         C)so           D)and75.  A)Occasional   B)Exceptional   C)Informative   D)Relative76.  A)perform  B)convey   C)circulate    D)formulate77.  A)roughly   B)randomly    C)formally     D)fortunately78.  A)forinstance   B)Inessence  C)Incontrast   D)Ofcourse79.  A)demonstrated   B)determined   C)operated   D)involved80.  A)device     B)section        C)scheme     D)distraction81.  A)attendants     B)agents      C)members        D)peers83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as_eithersidesrefusedtosoftentheirpositions___________________(任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场).8n84.Thepills__shouldhavecuredthecancerpatientwhohadacancer_____(本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的),buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.85.Itis__reallykindofyoutogavemesomuchhelpsoniceofyoutogivingmesomuchhelp___(你真好，给了我那么多帮助);Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyears__aftertheycametogetheragain___(他们才得以重聚).答案PartIWriting　　标准版Myopiniononcertificatecraze　　Thegrowingtendencyamongcollegestudentstogetallkindsofcertificateshasnowevolvedintoacraze.Justrandomlyaskastudentwhatheorsheisbusilyengagedindoing,quitepossibly,youwouldgettheanswerthatheorsheispreparingforacertificateofsomekind.So,why'sthecraze?　　Thereasonbehindthisphenomenoniscommon—theenormouspressureoffindingajob.Facedwithaharshjobmarket,moststudentshavenochoicebuttoseekmorecertificatestoparlaytheirqualifications.Anotherfactoristhatdiplomaandcertificatesstillweighsheavilyintermsofsignifyingone'sability.Forthesakeofincreasingtheiroddsoflandingabetterjob,thestudentsarecompelledtorunfromoneexamtoanother.　　ThoughIhaveanopenmindtowardthecrazeoncertificates,Isuggestthatstudentsshouldbemorerationalwhenitcomestocertificates,sincetheydonotnecessarilytelltheirability.Instead,theyshouldbemoreinvolvedinlearningandcapabilityboosting,thus,opportunitieswouldcomequitenaturally.　　　高分版Certificatecraze　　Recentlythephenomenonofcertificatecrazehasbecomeabigconcernofthepublic.Itisalsoanewcrazeintheuniversity,whichseemslikearoutineactivityoncampus,forcertificatesdoplayavitalrolewhenstudentslookforadecentjob.　　Admittedly,therearedifferentpurposesbehindthisphenomenon.Somepeopleaimatcertificatesbecauseoftheemploymentpressure.Withtheadmissionexpansionofcolleges,agreatmanygraduateshavetofacethefiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.Soitisthecertificatesthatcanmakethemmorecompetitive.However,someothersconsiderallthediplomaandcertificatesimportantstandardsbywhichaperson'sabilitycanbemeasured.Theysparenoefforttogetthecertificatesforthesolepurposeofprovingthattheyarequalifiedinacertainfield.Moreover,therearethosewhojustwanttoenrichtheirlifebypreparingforthecertificatesbecausetheyreallyenjoytheirprogress.　　Frommypointofview,weshouldbemorerationalwhenitcomestocertificates,sincecertificatesdonotnecessarilyproveone'sability.Beingcrazyingettingcertificationsblindlyisnothingbutwastingtime.Toconclude,weshouldfocusonimprovingourabilitybutnotmerelygettingacertificate.　　外教版　　Thejobmarkettodayisincreasinglysophisticated,requiringworkerstohavespecializedknowledgeintheirfields.Asaresult,becomingcertifiedisatrendamongtoday'sjobseekingyouth.Moreandmorepeople,studentsespecially,lookatobtainingcertificationasameanstogettingabetterjoband,therefore,enjoyingbrighterfuture.　　Thereareasmanycertificatesastherearefieldsofstudy.LawyerswilltaketheLSAT,businessmajorswilltaketheGMATtofurthertheirstudyintheUS,andthosewhostudyaforeignlanguage,likeEnglish,mighttaketheTOEFL,TOEIC,oranynumberofEnglishcertificationexams.　　Isthisnecessary?Or,isthe“certificationcraze”justatrendthatwilleventuallypass?Imyselfhaveobtainedtwodifferentcertifications:oneinJapanese(N2)andanotherinteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage(TEFL).Bothofthesecertificationshavebeenbeneficialingettinggoodjobs.　　Therefore,itismyopinionthat,trendornot,theresultsofbecomingcertifiedarerealandcanbeinvaluableinopeningupfutureopportunities.　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.B.Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents　　2.D.itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents　　3.B.Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.　　4.C.Fifteenpercent　　5.B.theyrecruitthebeststudents　　6.A.Universitiesaretoblame.　　7.B.Theycannotaffordthehightuition.　　8.thattheyarelessqualified　　9.somepreparatorycoerces　　10.BeclosedPartIIIListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　11.M:Ileft20pagesheretocopy.Hereisthereceipt.　　W:I'msorry,sir.Butwe'realittlebehind.Couldyoucomebackinafewminutes?　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?　　答案：C.Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.　　12.W:Ihopeyou'renottooputoutwithmeforthedelay.Ihavetostopbyfriends'hometopickupabookonmywayhere.　　M:Well,that'snotabigdeal.Butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyou'regoingtokeepsomeonewaiting.　　Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?　　答案：B.Shewaslatefortheappointment.　　13.W:Markisthebestcandidateforchairmanofthestudentunion,isn'the?　　M:Well,thatguywon'tbeabletowintheelectionunlesshegetssomemajorityvotefromwomenstudents.AndI'mnotsureaboutthat.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　答案：C.Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.　　14.M:Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting,Madam.I'velocatedyourluggage.ItwasleftbehindinParisandwon'tarriveuntillaterthisevening.　　W:Oh,Ican'tbelievethis.Haveitdelivertomyhotelthen,I8nguess.　　Q:Whathappenedtothewoman'sluggage?　　答案：A.Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.　　15.W:Idon'tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation,butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.　　M:Yeah,atthispointwe'allhavetomakedowithwhatwe'vegot.　　Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?　　答案：A.Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.　　16.M:Iamtakingthisgreatcourse-PsychologyofLanguage,it'sreallyinteresting.Sinceyouareapsychologymajor,youshouldsignupforit.　　W:ActuallyItriedtodothat,buttheytoldmeIhavetotakelanguagestudiesfirst.　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?　　答案：D.Thewomanisn'tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.　　17.W:CanyoubelievethewayLarrywastalkingtohisroommate?Nowondertheydon'tgetalong.　　M:Well,maybeLarrywasjustreactingtosomethinghisroommatesaid.Therearetwosidestoeverystoryyouknow.　　Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutLarryandhisroommate?　　答案：A.Theyarebothtoblame.　　18.M:Wedon'thavetheresourcestostopthosepeoplefrombuyingusoutunlessamiraclehappens.Thismaybetheendofus.　　W:Istillhavehopewecangethelpfromthebank.Afterallwedon'tneedthatmuchmoney.　　Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?　　答案：A.Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.　　ConversationOne　　听力原文　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　W:YouknowI'veoftenwonderedwhypeoplelaughatthepictureofabigbellybusinessmanslippingonabananaskinandfallingonhisbottom.Wearetofeelsorryforthem.　　M:Actually,Laura,Ithinkwelaughbecausewearegladitdidn'thappentous.Butofcoursethereisalsoakindofhumoroussatisfactioninseeingsomebodyself-importantmakingafoolofthemselves.　　W:Yes,andtherearealotofjokesaboutpeoplewhoaretoofatorphysicallyhandicapped,youknow,deaf,orshort-sightedthingslikethat.Afterall,it'snotreallyfunnytobelikethat.　　M:Oh,Ithinkthat'sbecausewe'reembarrassed.Wedon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.Perhapsweareevenabitfrightenedwemaygetlikethat,sowelaugh.　　M:Whataboutthecustardpieroutine?　　W:Whatdoyoumean‘custardpieroutine'?　　M:Youknow,allthoseoldfilmswheresomeonegetssooutragedwithhisboss,Hepicksupacustardpieandplastersitallovertheotherperson'sface.　　W:Thatnevermakesmelaughmuch,becauseyoucanguesswhat'sgoingtohappen.Butalotofpeoplestillfinditlaughable.Itmustbecauseofthesortofthethingwe'dalllovetodoonceinawhileandneverquiethavethecourageto.　　M:Ihadanoldauntwhousedtothrowcupsofteaatpeoplewhenshewasparticularlyirritated.Shesaiditrelievedherfeelings.　　W:Itmusthavecomeabitexpensive.　　M:Notreally.Shetookcarenevertothrowherbestchina.　　19.Whydoesthemansaywelaughedwhenweseesomeself-importantpeoplemakingfoolofthemselves?　　答案：C）Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.　　20.Whydosomepeoplejokeaboutthosewhoarefatorhandicappedaccordingtotheman?　　答案：B)Theydon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation　　21.Whydomanypeoplefinditfunnytoseesomeonethrowingacustardpieontheirboss'sface?　　答案：A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.　　22.Whydothemansayshewoulddropcupsofteaatpeopleoccasionally?　　答案：C)Torelieveherfeelings.　　ConversationTwo　　听力原文　　W:YournameSanjayKumaristhatcorrect?　　M:Yes,madam.　　W:YouclaimyouaretravelingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.　　M:That'sright.　　W:Nowitseemsthatahandgunwasfoundinyourluggage.Doyouadmitthat?　　M:Yes,but…　　W：Accordingtothestatementyoumade,youhadneverseenthehandgunbeforeitwasfoundinyourbag.Doyoustillmaintainthat?　　M:Butit'strue.Iswearit.　　W:Mom,youdorealizeMr.KumarthattobringahandgunintoHongKongwithoutproperauthorizationisaseriousoffense.　　M:ButIdidn'tbringit.I…ImeanIdidn'tknowanythingaboutit.Itwasn'ttherewhenIleftDelhi.Mybagsweresearched.Itwaspartoftheairportsecuritycheck.　　W:Maybeso,butsomeonemanagedtogetthathandgunontotheaircraftoritcouldn'thavebeenthere.　　M:Someonebutnotme.　　W:Tellme,wherewasyourpersonalbagduringtheflight?　　M:Ihaditdownbymyfeetbetweenmeandthemaninthenextseat.　　M:HewastheonlypersonwhocouldhaveopenedmybagwhileIwasasleep.Itmusthavebeenhim.　　W:Isee.Haveyouanyideawhothismanwas?　　M:Hetoldmehisname,AlfredFoster.Hewasveryfriendly,afterIwokeupthatis.Hehadn'tspokenbefore.　　W:AlfredFoster,wecancheckthatonthepassengerlist.　　M:Hesaidhehadacarcomingtomeethim.Heofferedmealift.　　W:Oh,Whyshouldhedothat?　　M:Sohecangethishandgunback,that'swhy.Pleasefindhim,Madam.　　Questions23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard　　23.WhatisSanjayKumarsuspectedof?　　答案：D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong　　24.WhatdoweknowaboutAlfredFoster?　　答案：D)HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethingintoKumar'sbag　　25.WhatdoesSanjayKumaraskthewomantodofinally?　　答案：B)FindAlfredFoster.　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　听力原文　　Everyoneislookingforagoodinvestmentthesedays.Andwithstocks,currenciesandcompaniesallcrashing,somearefindingthattakingthetripofalifetimeisactuallyasmartmoverightnow.Pricesaregood,crowdsarefewerandthedividends8nlikeexpandedworldview,lifelongmemories,andthesatisfactionofboostingtheglobaleconomy—can'tbeeasilysnatchedaway.SylviaandPaulCusterson,aretiredcouplefromCambridge,England,recentlytooka16-dayvacationtoNamibia,wheretheywentonbird-watchingexcursions.Laterthisyear,theyareplanningatriptoPatagonia."We'reusingourcapitalnow,"saysSylvia,"Andwhynot?We'renotgettinganyinterestinthebank.Ifit'saplacewereallywanttogo,thenwewillgo.Wemayaswelltravelwhilewe'refitandhealthy."　　Sometravelagentsarethrivinginspiteoftheeconomy."We'vehadmorepeoplebookinginthefirstquarterofthisyearthanlast,"saysHubertMoniteau,founderofSolanaTravel,whichisplanningtointroduceanewprogramoflongeradventuretrips,includingpolarexpeditionsandcruisesintheGalápagos."We'rehearingthingslike,'Wedon'tknowwhatthesituationwillbeinsixmonthssolet'stravelnow'",AshleyTuft,managingdirectoroftheU.K.touroperatorExplorehasbeensurprisedtoseeanincreaseinlast-minutebookingsofhigh-pricedtripstosuchplacesasIndia,BhutanandNepal."Itseemspeoplewouldrathergiveupsomethingelsethanthebigtrip,"hesays.Travelhasbecomeanecessity.It'sjusthowwetravelthatischanging.　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.Accordingtothespeaker,whyaresomepeoplewillingtospendtheirmoneyontravelthesedays?　　答案：B）Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sworth.　　27.WhatisSolanaTravelplanningtodo,accordingtoitsfounder?　　答案：D)Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.　　28.AccordingtoAshleyTuft,managingdirectorofExplore,whatischangingnowwithregardtotravels?　　答案：B)Thewaypeopletravel.　　PassageTwo　　听力原文　　Somehowtheoldmaleandfemalestereotypesnolongerfit.Menandwomeninthiscountryhaven'tbeenfulfillingtheirtraditionalrolesforsometimenow.Andthereseemtobefewerandfewerdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Forinstance,eventhoughmorewomenthanmenarestillhomemakerswithoutpayingjobs,womenhavebeentakingovermoreresponsibilityinthebusinessworld,earninghighersalariesthaneverbeforeandenteringfieldsofworkthatusedtobeexclusivelymaleareas.Atofficemeetingsandingroupdiscussions,theymightspeakupmoreoften,expressstrongopinionsandcomeupwithmorecreativeandpracticalideasthantheirmalecolleagues.Severaldaysago,my23-year-olddaughtercametomewithsomeimportantnews.Notonlyhadshefoundthehighestpayingjobofhercareer,butshe'dalsoacceptedadatewiththemostcharmingmenshe'devermet.　　“Really?”Iresponded,”tellmeaboutthem.”　　“Receptionistinanattorney'sofficeandawelderataconstructionsite.”Sheansweredinamatter-of-factway.Theinterestingthingismydaughter'sdateisthereceptionistandmydaughteristhewelder.Theoldstereotypesofmen'sandwomen'sworkhavebeenchangingmorequicklythaneverbefore,exceptperhapsinmyownmarriage.　　“Who'sgoingtomowthelawn?”Iaskedmyhusbandthismorning.　　“Oh,Iwill,”heansweredpolitely.”That'smen'swork.”　　“What?”Irritated,Iraisedmyvoice.“That'saridiculousstereotype.I'llshowyouwhocandothebestjobonthelawn.”　　Theworktook3hoursandIdiditallmyself.　　Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?　　答案：B)Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.　　30.Whatmightwomendoatofficemeetingsnowadaysaccordingtothespeaker?　　答案：A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.　　31.Whydidthespeakermowthelawnherselfthatmorning?　　答案：C)Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.　　PassageThree　　听力原文　　FlorenceHayesisajournalistfortheGreenVilleJournal,thedailynewspaperintown.SpecificallyshecoverscrimeintheGreenVillearea.Thisresponsibilitytakeshertoomanydifferentplaceseveryweek——thepolicestation,thecourtandthehospital.Mostofthecrimesthatshewritesaboutfallintotwogroups:violentcrimesandcrimesagainstproperty.Thereisn'tmuchviolentcrimeinasmalltownlikeGreenVille,oratleastnotasmuchasinthelargeurbanareas.ButassaultsoftenoccuronFridayandSaturdaynights,nearthebarsdowntown.There'realsooneortworapesoncampuseverysemester.Florenceisveryinterestedinthistypeofcrimeandtriestowritealongarticleabouteachone.SheexpectsthatthiswillmakewomenmorecarefulwhentheywalkaroundGreenVillealoneatnight　　Fortunately,therewereusuallynomurdersinGreenVille.CrimesagainstpropertymakeupmostofMissHeyse'reporting.Theyrangefromminorcasesofdeliberatedamagingofthingstomuchmoreseriousoffenses,suchascaraccidentsinvolvingdrunkdriversorbankrobberiesbutFlorencehastoreportalloftheseviolationsfromthethiefwhotooktypewritersfromeveryunlockroominthedormitorytothethiefwhostoleonemilliondollarsworthofartworkfromtheuniversitymuseum.MissHayesenjoysworkingforanewspaperbutshesometimesgetsunhappyaboutallthecrimeshehastoreport.Shewouldprefertostartwritingaboutsomethingmoreinterestingandlessunpleasantsuchaslocalnewsorpolitics,maybenextyear　　FlorenceHayes　　GreenVille　　Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.WhatisFlorenceHayes'mainresponsibilityasajournalist?　　答案：B:ReportingcriminaloffensesinGrenville.　　33.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutsecurityinGreenville?　　答案：D:Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.　　34.WhatdowelearnaboutcrimesagainstpropertyintheGreenvillearea?　　答案：A:Thereareawiderangeofcases.　　35.WhatwouldFlorenceHayesprefertodo?　　答案：A.Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.　　SectionCCompoundDictation　　听力原文　　InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingoneofthirty-oneicecreamflavors,ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing,butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeusconfused,unhappy,evenparalyzedwithindecision.‘That'sparticularlytruewhenitcomestotheworkplace',saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthumanbehavior.Studentsaregraduatingwithavarietyofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselvesoverwhelmedwhenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheirsenioryear.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjobhuntingstrategiesandcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudents8nintotwogroups：Maximizes,whoconsidereverypossibleoption,andsatisfierswholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudentwhohadundertakenthemostexhaustedsearchwouldbethemostsatisfiedwiththeirfinaldecision,butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizesendedupwithbetter-payingjobsthansatisfiersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereasonwhythesepeoplefeellesssatisfiedisthataworldofpossibilitiesmayalsobeaworldofmissedopportunities.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,apersonismoreacutelyawareoftheopportunitiestheyhadtoturndowntopursuejustonecareer.　　36flavors37confused38particularly39behavior40variety41overwhelmed42senior43strategies44whohadundertakenthemostexhaustedsearchwouldbethemostsatisfiedwiththeirfinaldecision45whythesepeoplefeellesssatisfiedisthataworldofpossibilitiesmayalsobeaworldofmissedopportunities.46apersonaremoreacutelyawareoftheopportunitiestheyhadtoturndowntopursuejustonecareer.PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)　　SectionA　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　47.whatisinyourboss'mind　　48.challengingourboss'sauthority　　49.possibleconsequences　　50.beproposedandreviewed　　51.confrontations　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?　　答案：D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.　　53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?　　答案：B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.　　54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?　　答案：C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.　　55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?　　答案：D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.　　56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?　　答案：C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　57.Whatcharacterizesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?　　答案：A.Greaterdiversity.　　58.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?　　答案：B.Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.　　59.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?　　答案：C.Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.　　60.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammersshouldconsiderrecruiting?　　答案：C.Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.　　61.WhatdoesMannasayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?　　答案：D.Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.PartVCloze　　862employers　　63but　　64devote　　65competitive　　66academic　　67necessarily　　68outside　　69demanding　　70potential　　71relevant　　72up　　73voluntary　　74and　　75Exceptional　　76perform　　77formally　78Forinstance　79demonstrated　80scheme　81peers8PartVITranslation　　　　82.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,theywouldratherstopforthebeautifulview(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色)thanjustgoon.　　83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,aseithersiderefusestosoftentheirpositions(任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场)　　84.Thepillscouldhavecuredthecancerpatient(本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的),buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.　　85.Itisreallykindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp（你真好，给了我那么多帮助）；Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.　　86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyearsbeforetheywereabletoreunite（他们才得以重聚）8