2010年6月大学英语六级考试真题+答案+听力原文 word文档

2010年6月大学英语六级考试真题+答案+听力原文 word文档

重庆邮电大学数理学院PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；3.我认为…DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChineseDoyourememberthesefamouslitterateurs:Luxun,Zhuziqing,LaosheorBingxin?Howfamiliarthesenamesare!Unfortunately,countlessstudentspaynoattentiontothestudyofChinese.Nowadays,Internet,Englishandgameoccupystudents’timeandattention.Forthemajorityofstudents,thestudyofChinesehasbecomearemotememory。Whysuchaphenomenonemerges?Educatorsattributeittotheignoranceofuniversityadministration.ChineseisanessentialcourseforcollegestudentsinChina.However,foralongtimetherehasbeenaneglectinthestudyofChinese.Takingalookaround,everyteacherencouragesstudentstospendalltimeonlearningEnglish.Onthecontrary,noneofthempromotesstudentstolearnChinese.Inthewakeofthissituation,studentswillmakegrowingChinesemistakesinspelling,readingandspeaking.Maybesomeday,Chinesewouldfadefromhistoricalstage。Inmyopinion,somedrasticmeasuresshouldbetaken.Firstofall,wecanraisestudents’awarenessthatthestudyofChineseisindispensabletous.Inaddition,teacherscanoffermorecoursesrelatedtoChineseorChineseculture.Finally,wecanpromoteCCT(collegeChinesetesting).Inaword,dueattentionshouldbegiventothestudyofChinese。DueAttentionShouldBeGivenTotheStudyofChineseWithChina’sopeningup,interculturalcommunicationhasbecomemoreandmorefrequentbetweenChineseandforeigners.Agoodcommandofatleastoneforeignlanguagehasincreasinglybeenanessentialskillforus.People,especiallytheyouths,paymuchmoreattentiontoforeignlanguageacquisitionthanChinesestudy.Variousfactorscanaccountforthissituation.Firstofall,agoodcommandofaforeignlanguagemayhelpyoungpeopletogetagoodjobwhileChineseskillsmaybeofnosignificanceinone’sjobhuntingandeventheircareer.Consequently,somestudentsmaynottreasureChineselanguageanylonger.Apartfromthat,nowadaysfewerandfeweruniversitiesstimulateChineselanguagestudyincampus,whichhascausedittobemarginalized.Underthiscircumstance,Chineselanguagebecomeslessandlesspopularinuniversities.ItisclearthatprofessorsinthefieldofChinesestudyarenotsorespectedthantheywerebefore.Inviewofthissituation,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentochangeit.First,thewholesocietyshouldemphasizetheimportanceofChineselanguageinordertomakeitclearthatitisoneindispensablepartofChinesecultureandChineserace.Second,schoolsshouldpromoteChineselanguagestudyandresearch.Inaddition,weindividualsshouldcontributeourowneffortstothestudyandprotectionofChineselanguage.Toconclude,weshouldpaygreatattentiontoChineselanguage,sincetheimportanceofitisnevertoogreattobeexaggerated.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericansAsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls."I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.Somehopedhisrisetoprominence修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院wouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."StinginthetailAshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.DramaticshiftWhatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.LingeringracismIftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.DropinbiasBrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.Talkinghonestly"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院HugeobstaclesItcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.BeyondraceWealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?A)Excited.B)Victorious.C)Anxious.D)Relieved.2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether______.A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegreeB)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlifeC)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeersD)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.B)Thepowerofrolemodels.C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelectionB)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychangedC)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacksD)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpoliciesB)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagainC)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequalityD)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotentialB)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellenceC)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansocietyD)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton______.9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's______.10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffect修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院isthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.B)Thewomanhasapoormemory.C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.12.A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.13.A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.14.A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.15.A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.B)GoseeDaisyimmediately.C)ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone.D)BuyDaisyanewnotebook.16.A)Batteries.B)Gardentools.C)Cameras.D)Lightbulbs.17.A)Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether.B)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.C)Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.18.A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.B)Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.D)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.20.A)Theyhateexams.B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge.C)Theyarealladults.D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.21.A)Difficultbutrewarding.B)Variedandinteresting.C)Time-consumingandtiring.D)Demandingandfrustrating.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Interviewingamovingstar.B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.C)Hostingatelevisionshow.D)Reviewinganewbiography.23.A)Helosthismother.B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.C)Hemissedhisaunt.D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.24.A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.C)HehostedtalkshowsonTV.D)HeplayedaroleinEastofEden.25.A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.C)HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies.D)Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.27.A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.B)HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.C)HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.28.A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.B)Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened.C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.29.A)Sunny.B)Rainy.C)Windy.D)Cloudy.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.B)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.31.A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.32.A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.34.A)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.B)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.35.A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(36)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(37)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(39)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.The(40)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,and修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院theirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)______bylackoflanguage.Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(44)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(45)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)?Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch."Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______.48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencouragelearning.49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______.50.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______.51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenews修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院hereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowthB)ThefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparentsC)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflife修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院underanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Anewstudyfoundthatinner-citykidslivinginneighborhoodswithmoregreenspacegainedabout13%lessweightoveratwo-yearperiodthankidslivingamidmoreconcreteandfewertrees.Such__62__tellapowerfulstory.Theobesityepidemicbeganinthe1980s,andmanypeople__63__ittoincreasedportionsizesandinactivity,butthatcan'tbeeverything.FastfoodsandTVshavebeen__64__usforalongtime."Mostexpertsagreethatthechangeswere__65__to修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院somethingintheenvironment,"sayssocialepidemiologistThomasGlassofTheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Thatsomethingcouldbea__66__ofthegreen.Thenewresearch,__67__intheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,isn'tthefirsttoassociategreenerywithbetterhealth,butitdoesgetuscloser__68__identifyingwhatworksandwhy.Atitsmoststraightforward,agreenneighborhood__69__meansmoreplacesforkidstoplay–whichis__70__sincetimespentoutdoorsisoneofthestrongestcorrelatesofchildren'sactivitylevels.Butgreenspaceisgoodforthemind__71__:researchbyenvironmentalpsychologistshasshownthatithascognitive__72__forchildrenwithattention-deficitdisorder.Inonestudy,justreading__73__inagreensettingimprovedkids'symptoms.__74__tograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedto__75__stressandalowerbodymassindex(体重指数)amongadults.Andan__76__of3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevity(长寿)amongseniorcitizens.Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon't__77__proveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey'renonethelesshelpingspuraction.InSeptembertheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives__78__thedelightfullynamedNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposingkidstotheoutdoors.Findinggreenspaceisnot__79__easy,andyoumayhavetoworkabittogetyourfamilyalittlegrassandtrees.Ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,take__80__ofwhat'sthere.Yourchildreninparticularwillloveit–andtheirbodiesandmindswillbe__81__toyou.62.A)findingsB)thesesC)hypothesesD)abstracts63.A)adaptB)attributeC)allocateD)alternate64.A)amongstB)alongC)besideD)with65.A)gluedB)relatedC)trackedD)appointed66.A)scrapingB)denyingC)depressingD)shrinking67.A)publishedB)simulatedC)illuminatedD)circulated68.A)atB)toC)forD)over69.A)fullyB)simplyC)seriouslyD)uniquely70.A)vitalB)casualC)fatalD)subtle71.A)stillB)alreadyC)tooD)yet72.A)benefitsB)profitsC)revenuesD)awards73.A)outwardB)apartC)asideD)outside74.A)ImmunityB)ReactionC)ExposureD)Addiction75.A)muchB)lessC)moreD)little76.A)installmentB)expeditionC)analysisD)option77.A)curiouslyB)negativelyC)necessarilyD)comfortably78.A)relievedB)delegatedC)approvedD)performed79.A)merelyB)alwaysC)mainlyD)almost80.A)advantageB)exceptionC)measureD)charge81.A)elevatedB)mercifulC)contentedD)gratefulPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.__________________(他们的独生儿子从未想过)toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.83.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto__________________(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances__________________(他会违背还钱的承诺).85.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids__________________(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86.Businessmajorasheis,hehas__________________(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).　　　　快速阅读　　1.DRelieved　　2.Bshecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife　　3.BThepowerofrolemodels　　4.DObama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests　　5.AThechangeinbiasagainstblackisslowincoming　　6.Cpeoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality　　7.CracialinequalitystillpersistsinAmerican修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院society　　8.ourviewsofwomen　　9.politicalsentiment　　10.stereotypes听力　　SectionA　　11.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise。　　12.C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors。　　13.D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt。　　14.B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints。　　15.A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing。　　16.A)Batteries。　　17.D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice。　　18.A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert。　　19.D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor。　　20.C)Theyarealladults。　　21.B)Variedandinteresting。　　22.C)Hostingatelevisionshow。　　23.A)Helosthismother。　　24.B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting。　　25.B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure。　　SectionB　　26C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland。　　27A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago。　28A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement。　　29B)rainy　　30C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology。　　31B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred。　　32C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding。　　33D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages。　　34D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld。　　35D)Ithashadgreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry。　　SectionC　　36.intelligent　　37.foundations　　38.romantic　　39.reflects　　40.profound　　41.dramatically　　42.deprived　　43.hindered　　44.researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolationislinkedtostress,disease,andearlydeath。　　45.Agroupofresearchersrevealscoresofstudiesthattracetherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers。　　46.lonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmorevulnerabletoarangeofminerandmajorillnesses。SectionA　　47agradeabove94%/ahighergrade　　48selectthemethodofgrading　　49improving　　50effortandaccomplishment　　51discusshisconcerns　　SectionB　　Passage1　　52A)America　　isnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy。　　53D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles。　　54B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety。　　55B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents。　　56D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking。　　Passage2　　57A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore。　　58C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama’spolicy。　　59D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama’spresidency。　　60C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet。　　61D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics。　　完形填空　　62.Afindings　　63.Battribute　　64.Dwith　　65.Brelated　　66.Dshrinking　　67.Apublished　　68.Bto　　69.Bsimply　　70.Avital　　71.Ctoo　　72.Abenefits　　73.Doutside　　74.CExposure　　75.Bless　　76.Canalysis　　77.Cnecessarily　　78.Capproved　　79.Balways修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院　　80.Aadvantage　　81.Dgrateful　　翻译　　82.Theironlysonhasneverthought　83.weighyourdecisionagainstitspossibleconsequences84.wouldhebreak/breachhispromise/commitmenttopaybackthemoney.85.shouldnotbeaddictedtocomputergames./shouldnotindulgethemselvesincomputergames/shouldnotabandonthemselvestocomputergames.86.neverconsideredworkingasasalesman附：SectionA　　ShortConversation　　11.M:Oh,I’msosorryIforgottobringalongthebookyouborrowedfromthelibrary。　　W:Whataterriblememoryyouhave!Anyway,Iwon’tneedituntilFridaynight.AslongasIcangetitbythen,OK?　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?　　12.W:Doctor,Ihaven’tbeenabletogetenoughsleeplately,andI’mtootiredtoconcentrateinclass。　　M:Well,youknow,spendingtoomuchtimeindoorswithallthatartificiallightingcandothattoyou.Yourbodylosestrackofwhetherit’sdayornight。　　Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?　　13.M:IthinkI’llgetoneofthosenewT-shirts,youknow,withtheschool’slogoonboththefrontandback。　　W:You’llregretit.Theyareexpensive,andI’veheardtheprintingfadeseasilywhenyouwashthem。　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?　　14.W:Ithinkyourarticleintheschoolnewspaperisrightontarget,andyourviewpointshavecertainlyconvincedme。　　M:Thanks,butinviewofthegeneralresponses,youandIaredefinitelyintheminority。　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　15.M:DaisywasfuriousyesterdaybecauseIlosthernotebook.ShouldIgoseeherandapologizetoagain?　　W:Well,ifIwereyou,I’dlethercooloffafewdaysbeforeIapproachher。　　Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?　　16.M:WouldyoupleasetellmewhereIcangetbatteriesforthisbrandofcamera?　　W:Letmehavealook.Oh,yes,godownthisaisle,passthegardentools,you’llfindthemontheshelfnexttothelightbulbs。　　Q:Whatisthemanlookingfor?　　17.M:OurbasketballteamisplayinginthefinalsbutIdon’thaveaticket.IguessI’lljustwatchitonTV.Doyouwanttocomeover?　　W:ActuallyIhaveaticket.ButI’mnotfeelingwell.Youcanhaveitforwhatitcostme。　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?　　18.M:Honey,I’llbegoingstraighttothetheatrefromworkthisevening.Couldyoubringmysuitandtiealong?　　W:Sure,it’sthefirstperformanceoftheStateSymphonyOrchestrainourcity,sosuitandtieisamust。　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?　　LongConversations　　Conversation1　　M:Igottwolettersthismorningwithjoboffers,onefromthePolytechnic,andtheotherfromtheLanguageSchoolinPistoia,Italy。　　W:Soyouarenotsurewhichtogofor?　　M:That’sit.Ofcourse,theconditionsofworkareverydifferent:ThePolytechnicisofferingtwo-yearcontractwhichcouldberenewed,butthelanguageschoolisonlyofferingayear’scontract,andthat’sadifferentminus.Itcouldberenewed,butyouneverknow。　　W:Isee.Soit’smuchlesssecure.Butyoudon’tneedtothinktoomuchaboutsteadyjobswhenyouareonly23.　　M:That’strue。　　W:Whataboutthesalaries?　　M:Well,thePistoiajobpaysmuchbetterintheshortterm.I’llbegettingtheequivalentofabout￡22,000ayearthere,butonly￡20,000atthePolytechnic.Butthenthehoursaredifferent.AtthePolytechnicI’dhavetodo35hoursaweek,20teachingand15administration,whereasthePistoiaschoolisonlyaskingfor30hoursteaching。　　W:Mmm…　　M:Thenthetypeofteachingissodifferent.ThePolytechnicisalladultsandmostlypreparationforexamsliketheCambridgecertificates.TheLanguageSchoolwantsmetodoabitofexampreparation,butalsoquitealotofworkincompaniesandfactories,andacoupleofchildren’sclasses.Oh,andabitofliteratureteaching。　　W:Well,thatsoundsmuchmorevariedandinteresting.AndI’dimagineyouwouldbedoing修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院quirealotofteachingoutsidetheschool,andmovingaroundquiteabit。　　M:Yes,whereaswiththePolytechnicposition,I’dbestuckintheschoolallday。　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard:　　Q19.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?　　Q20.WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsatthePolytechnic?　　Q21.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthejobattheLanguageschool?　　Conversation2　　Goodeveningandwelcometotonight'seditionofLegendaryLives.OursubjectthiseveningisJamesDean,actorandherofortheyoungpeopleofhistime.EdwardMurrayistheauthorofanewbiographyofDean。　　W:Goodevening,Edward。　　M:HelloTina。　W:Edward,telluswhatyouknowaboutDean'searlylife。　　M:HewasborninIndianain1931,buthisparentsmovedtoCaliforniawhenhewasfive.Hewasn'ttherelongthoughbecausehismotherpassedawayjustfouryearslater.Jimmy'sfathersenthimbacktoIndianaafterthattolivewithhisaunt。　　W:Sohowdidhegetintoacting?　　M:Well,firstheactedinplaysathighschool,thenhewenttocollegeinCaliforniawherehegotseriouslyintoacting.In1951hemovedtoNewYorktodomorestageacting。　　W:Thenwhendidhismoviecareerreallystart?　　M:1955.HisfirststarringrolewasinEastofEden.Itwasfabulous.Deanbecameahugesuccess.Butthemoviethatreallymadehimfamouswashissecondone,RebelWithoutaCause,thatwasaboutteenagerswhofeltliketheydidn'tfitintosociety。　　W:Sohowmanymoremoviesdidhemake?　M:Justonemore,thenhediedinthatcarcrashinCaliforniain1955.　W:Whatatragedy!Heonlymadethreemovies!Sowhatmadehimthelegendhestillistoday?　　M:WellIguesshislooks,hisactingability,hisshortlife,andmaybethetypeofcharacterheplayedinhismovies.ManyyoungpeoplesawhimasasymbolofAmericanyouths。　　Q22Whatisthewomandoing?　　Q23WhydidJamesDeanmovebacktoIndianawhenhewasyoung?　　Q24WhatdoesthemansayJamesDeandidatcollegeinCalifornia?SectionB　　Passage1　　Thetimeis9o’clockandthisisMarianSnowwiththenews。　　TheGermanauthoritiesaresendinginvestigatorstodiscoverthecauseoftheplanecrashlateyesterdayontheislandofTenerife.Theplane,aBoeing737,takingGermanholidaymakerstotheislandcrashedintoahillsideasitcircledwhilepreparingtoland.Theplanewascarrying180passengers.It’sthoughttherearenosurvivors.Rescueworkerswereatthescene。　　TheBritishindustrialistJamesLouis,heldbykidnapperincentralAfricaforthepast8months,wasreleasedunharmedyesterday.Thekidnappershadbeendemanding1millionpoundsforthereleaseofMr.Louis.TheLondonBankandtheiragentswhohadbeennegotiatingwiththekidnappershavenotsaidwhetheranyamountofmoneyhasbeenpaid。　　The500UKmotorsworkerswhohadbeenonstrikeinHighTownforthepast3threeweekswentbacktoworkthismorning.Thisfollowssuccessfultalksbetweenmanagementandunionrepresentatives,whichresultedinanewagreementonworkinghourandconditions.Aspokesmanforthemanagementsaidthey’dhopetheycouldnowgetbacktoproducingcars,andthattheylostlotsofmoneyandordersoverthisdispute。　　Andfinallytheweather.Afteracodestart,mostofthecountryshouldbewarmandsunny.Buttowardslateafternoon,rainwillspreadfromScotlandtocovermostpartsbymidnight。　　Questions26–29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。　　26WhatdoesthenewssayabouttheBoeing737plane?　27WhathappenedtoBritishindustrialistJamesLouis?　　28Howdidthe3-weekstrikeinHighTownend?　　29Whatkindofweatherwillbeexpectedbymidnightinmostpartsofthecountry?　　Passage2　　JuanLouis,ajuniorgeologymajor,decidedtogiveaninformativespeechabouthowearthquakesoccur.Fromhisaudienceandanalysishelearnedthatonly2or3ofhisclassmatesknewmuchofanythingaboutgeology.Juanrealizedthenthathemustpresenthisspeechatanelementarylevel修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院andwithaminimumofscientificlanguage.Ashepreparedthespeech,Juankeptaskinghimself,“HowcanImakethisclearandmeaningfultosomeonewhoknowsnothingaboutearthquakesorgeologicalprinciples?”SincehewasspeakingintheMidwest,hedecidedtobeginbynotingthatthemostsevereearthquakeinAmericanhistorytookplacenotinCaliforniaorAlaskabutatNewMadrid,Missouriin1811.Ifsuchanearthquakehappenedtoday,itwouldbefeltfromtheRockyMountainstotheAtlanticOceanandwouldflattenmostofthecitiesintheMississippivalley.That,hefigured,shouldgethisclassmates’attention.Throughoutthebodyofthespeech,Juandealtonlywiththebasicmechanicsoftheearthquakes,carefullyavoidtechnicalterms.Healsopreparedvisualaids,diagrammingphotoline,sohisclassmateswouldn’tgetconfused.Tobeabsolutelysafe,Juanaskedhisroommate,whowasnotageologymajor,tolistentothespeech.“Stopme,”hesaid,“anytimeIsaysomethingyoudon’tunderstand。”Juan’sroommatestoppedhimfourtimes.Andateachspot,Juanworkedoutawaytomakehispointmoreclearly.Finally,hehadaspeechthatwasinterestingandperfectlyunderstandabletohisaudience。　　Questions30–32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。　　Q30WhatdidJuanLouislearnfromtheanalysisofhisaudience?　　Q31HowdidJuanLouisstarthisspeech?　　Q32WhatdidJuanaskhisroommatetodowhenhewasmakinghistrialspeech?　　Passage3　　Esperantoisanartificiallanguage,designedtoserveinternationallyasanauxiliarymeansofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.ItwascreatedbyLudwigLazarZamenhof,apolishJewishdoctorspecializedineyediseases.Esperantowasfirstpresentedin1887.Aninternationalmovementwaslaunchedtopromoteitsuse.Despiteargumentsanddisagreements,themovementhascontinuedtoflourishandhasmembersinmorethan80countries.Esperantoisusedinternationallyacrosslanguageboundariesbyatleast1millionpeople,particularlyinspecializedfields.Itisusedinpersonalcontexts,onradiobroadcastsandinanumberofItspopularityhasspreadformEurope,botheastandwest,tosuchcountriesasBrazilandJapan.Itis,however,inChinathatEsperantohashaditsgreatestimpact.Itistaughtinuniversitiesandusedinmanytranslations,ofteninscientificortechnologicalworks.ELPOPOLACHINIO,whichmeansfrompeople’sChina,it’samonthlymagazineinEsperantoandit’sreadworldwide.RadioBeijing’sEsperantoprogramisthemostpopularprograminEsperantointheworld.EsperantovocabularyisdrawnprimarilyfromLatin,theRoman’slanguages,EnglishandGerman.Spellingiscompletelyregular.Asimpleandconsistentsetofendingsindicatesgrammaticalfunctionsofwords.Thusforexample,everynounendsin“o”，everyadjectivein“a”，andbasicformofeveryverbin“i”.Esperantoalsohasahighlyproductivesystemofconstructingnewwordsfromoldones。　　Questions33–35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。　　Q33WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutEsperanto?　　Q34WhatissaidabouttheinternationalmovementtopromotetheuseofEsperanto?　　Q35WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutEsperantoinChina?　　SectionC　　GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansare"talkedinto"humanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare:"You'reintelligent.""You'resostrong."　　Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers.Sotheirmessagesformimportantfoundationsofourself-concepts.Later,weinteractwithteachers,friends,romanticpartnersandcoworkerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselvesreflectstheviewsofusthatotherscommunicate。　　Theprofoundconnectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationisdramaticallyevidentinchildrenwhoaredeprivedofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhoareisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverelyhinderedbylackoflanguage。　　Communicationswithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentity,butalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolationislinkedtostress,disease,andearlydeath。　　Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.Agroupofresearchersrevealscoresofstudiesthattracetherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers。修德博学求实创新李华荣14n重庆邮电大学数理学院　　Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethatlonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmorevulnerabletoarangeofminerandmajorillnesses。修德博学求实创新李华荣14