2007年12月大学英语四级真题(附答案解析)

2007年12月大学英语四级真题(附答案解析)

2007年12月大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWhatElectivestoChoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.各大学为大学生开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生出于各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以我自己为例……PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)UniversitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:nseekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.nUniversitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity--andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghal'sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenter,has95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu'sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultyngeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledthewordinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsamenperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation'swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfalltograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestnofthemstayintheStatesand--likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory--strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome__A)moreandmoreresearch-orientedB)in-servicetrainingorganizationsC)morepopularizedthaneverbeforeD)apowerfulforceforglobalintegration2.Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased__A)by2.5millionB)by800,000C)atanannualrateof3.9percentD)atanannualrateof8percent3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A)10%.B)20%.C)30%.D)38%.n4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A)Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.B)Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.C)TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.D)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities'globalizationis__A)Yale'scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchB)Yale'shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsC)Yale'sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsD)Yale'sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A)IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.B)ItisknowntobethebirthplaceOfMicrosoftCompany.C)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.D)ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?nA)Ithasincreasedby3percent.B)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.C)Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.D)Itdoubledbetween1998and2003.8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby__9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill____10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand__PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.B)Shewaspopularamongboys.C)Shewassomewhatoverweight.D)Shedidn'tdowellathighschool.12.A)Attheairport.B)Inarestaurant.C)Inabookingoffice.D)Atthehotelreception.13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.D)Tellingnhersonnottoworry.14.A)Haveashortbreak.B)Taketwoweeksoff.C)Continueherworkoutdoors.D)Goonvacationwiththeman.15.A)Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.B)Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.C)HeisworriedaboutRod'shealth.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.16.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.D)SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.17.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn'treturnthebook.B)Thewomandoesn'tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.C)Thewomandoesn'tfindthebookusefulanymore.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.18.A)Mostoftheman'sfriendsareathletes.B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman'sopinion.C)Themandoesn'tlooklikeasportsman.D)Thewomandoubtstheman'sathleticability.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.n19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.B)Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.C)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.20.A)Itendsinwinter.B)Itwillcostheralot.C)Itwilllastoneweek.D)Itdependsontheweather.21.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.C)Theremightbeatrafficjam.rD)Thereisalotofstufftopack.22.A)Athome.B)Attheairport.C)Intheman'scar.D)Bythesideofataxi.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.C)Sheisfiredofherpresentwork.D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.24.A)Translator.B)nTravelagent.C)Languageinstructor.D)Environmentalengineer.25.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C)Devotionandworkefficiency.D)Educationandexperience.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren.B)Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C)Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D)Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.27.A)Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.C)Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.D)Theiradoptiveparentsdon'twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.28.A)Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.B)Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptivenparents.C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.D)Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.29.A)Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.B)Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.C)Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption~D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Hesufferedfrommentalillness.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.C)Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D)Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.B)ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago~C)Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.D)Shetookoverherfather'spositionwhenhedied.32.A)Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.nB)KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans'mind.C)AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheword.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)It'llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.B)It'llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.C)It'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.D)It'llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.34.A)Theycan'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.B)Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.C)Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.D)Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.35.A)Theydon'thavetopayforthemedicalservices.B)Theyneedn'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.C)Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.D)Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.nSectionCMoreandmoreoftheword'spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(36)__Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries(37)__twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.The(38)sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery(39)__signsoftroubleinthe(40)__ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe(41)__ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe(42)__workinginfactories.Now,however,the(43)isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:(44)_______________________________________.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;(45)__________________________________________________________.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.(46)____________________________________,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)nSectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildren'sMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated(提名)fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.Groupsofchildren49aspeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsandpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotiknownasTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstartingaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren'srightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers'Clubnisapraiseworthyventureforaclassandonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsandideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school.A)actingB)assumingC)comprehensiveD)cooperativeE)entireF)especiallyG)forwardH)imagesI)informationJ)offersK)projectsL)respectivelyM)roleN)technologyO)victimsSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it'scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven'theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramsnwilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there'stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.Whiledrop-outratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearly,fromtheschools'perspective,there'salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon'tcometocampus,themoretheschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,nandmaintainingparkinglots.And,whilethere'sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,theywon'tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby__A)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsB)thegreatdiversityofstudents'academicbackgroundsC)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan__A)earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffortB)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesC)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinenstudents?A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof__A)buildinguptheirreputationB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesD)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.nAsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontests,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn'twinthecontestagain?That'sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,"Don'tyouwanttowinagain?No,"shereplied,"Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade."Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly"guided"bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter'sexperience.nWhilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren'stimenowadays.63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?A)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.64.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear'swritingcontest?A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother'shelp.C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.65.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter'sstoriesbecause__nA)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidanceB)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuchC)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamofbecomingawriterD)shewasafraidRebecca'simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting66.What'stheauthor'sadviceforparents?A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.D)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions.PartVCloze(15minutes)Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined67atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied68_anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70tospecificncircumstances,andoftenconscious.71onesense,theeffectofaconsumer'smoodcanbethoughtofin72thesamewayascanourreactionstothe73ofourfriends--whenourfriendsarehappyand"up",thattendstoinfluenceuspositively,74whentheyare"down",thatcanhavea75impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera76moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection77withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee78inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa79mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.80,moodstatesappearcapableof81aconsumer'smemory.Moodsappeartobe82influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and83ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe84oftimespentinsupermarketsor85topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodswhich,in86,arecapableofinfluencingconsumers'reactionstoproducts.67.A)asB)aboutC)byD)with68.A)overB)underC)toD)up69.A)derivedB)descendedC)dividedD)distinguished70.A)relatedB)referredC)attachedD)associatedn71.A)OnB)OfC)InD)By72.A)thusB)muchC)evenD)still73.A)signalB)gestureC)viewD)behavior74.A)forB)butC)unlessD)provided75.A)relativeB)decisiveC)negativeD)sensitive76.A)givenB)grantedC)fixedD)driven77.A)resistantB)persistentC)insistentD)consistent78.A)consumersB)businessmenC)retailersD)manufacturers79.A)casualB)criticalC)seriousD)favorable80.A)HoweverB)OtherwiseC)MoreoverD)Nevertheless81.A)liftingB)enhancingC)raisingD)cultivating82.A)readilyB)rarelyC)cautiouslyD)currently83.A)stepB)speedC)bandD)volume84.A)extentB)amountC)scopeD)range85.A)facilitiesB)capacitiesC)reflectionsD)nintentions86.A)turnB)totalC)detailD)depthPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause(他更加方便省时).91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.2007年12月大学英语四级真题及答案PartIWritingAddressofWelcome　ItisagreathonorthatprofessorLiisheretogiveusalectureoncomputerscience.Mr.LiisaprominentprofessorofJiaotongUniversity.HehasbeenengagedinAIresearchformanyyearsandhasachievedagreatsuccessinthisarea.Computerisoneofthegreatestinventionsinthe20thcentury.Sinceitcameintobeing,thecomputerscience,especiallyAInhasdevelopedrapidlyandhaschangedourworldradically.Duetoitsabilitytothink,memorizeandwithitsamazingcalculatingspeed,thecomputerisputtowideuseinindustry,agriculture,business,educationandtourism.Itisnowwidelybelievedthatapersonwhohasnocomputerliteracyislikeilliteracyinthepast.　　Today,weareveryhappytohaveinvitedprofessorLitodeliveraspeechonthefuturedevelopmentofAI.Iamsurehislecturewillbenefitallofus.Nowlet’sgivehimabigclap.快速阅读1-5DCBDA6-7CB　　8.changesinthevisaprocess　　9.taketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome　　10.strengthenthenation听力11-15CDBAD16-20BDCAC　　21-25BACAD26-30ABCDB　　31-35ADCAB　　36alarming37increased38sheer39disturbing　　40comparison41proportion42workforce43reverse　　44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingcitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.　　45.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewnarrivals.　　46.Sothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment.　　47-56KMAJDGFIOE阅读57-61ACDCB62-66DBCAB　　67-71ACDAC72-76BDBCA　　77-81DADCB82-86ADBDA翻译87.Thanksfor/Duetoseriesofnewinventions　　88.Ifeel/gettiredmoreeasilythanbefore　　89.nomatterwhatsacrificeIamgoingtomake/whateversacrificeIwillmake/nomatterhowmuchIwouldsacrifice　　90.it/theformerismoreconvenientandtimesaving　　91.ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow