2011年6月-2011年12月四级英语考试试题及答案汇总(含原

2011年6月-2011年12月四级英语考试试题及答案汇总(含原

2011年12月-2011年6月【英语四级考试真题及答案汇总（含听力原文）】完整版2011年12月全国大学英语四级考试试题(CET4)　PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上．Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Writing:NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill第-102-页共102页n_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentencewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.WhyIntegrityMatters　　WhatIsIntegrity?　　Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choices第-102-页共102页nwhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.　　Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse(缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.　　RiskyBusiness　　Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.　　Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽窃)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct,第-102-页共102页nIgnoranceisnotadefense.　　"ButEverybodyDoesIt"　　Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksTodecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimply第-102-页共102页nhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"O"onatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension(暂令停学)ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable(脆弱的)position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwaywithit-OrNotThosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives(剥夺)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.CheatingHurtsOther,Too第-102-页共102页nCheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累积的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30％ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheatIcan'tcompetewiththosewhodo")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays."I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityMartenIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbond第-102-页共102页nswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.A)stickstothemintheirdailylifeB)makesthemknowntoothersC)understandstheirtruevaluesD)seesthatothersalsofollowthem2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?A)IthelpstocreateteamspiritB)ItfacilitatescommunicationC)ItisthebasisofmutualtrustD)Itinspiresmutualrespect3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？第-102-页共102页nA.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?A.ithascausednoharm.B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.C.ithasgoneunnoticed.D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?A.Avoidmakingexcuses.B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.C.Makehisintensionspublic.D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.A.willoftenbecomemorecautiousB.areusuallyveryaggressiveC.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.D.mayloseeverythingintheend7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.A)paymoredearly第-102-页共102页nB)becomemoreconfidentC)bewidelyadmiredD)feelsomewhatlucky8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_____________________________.9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_________________________.10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof________________________________.PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.第-102-页共102页n11.A)Readthenoticeonthewindow.C)Getanewbusschedule.B)GoandaskthestaffD)BoardthebustoCleveland.12.A)Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegiraffes.B)Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.C)HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecial.D)HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.13.A)shewantstotakethemostdirectway.B)Shemaymelateforthefootballgame.C)Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.D)Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.14.A)AtarestaurantC）Ataclinic.B)Inafishshop.D)Onafishingboat.15.A）Heisanexperiencedsalesmanager.B)Heisbeinginterviewedforajob.C)Hegisaclosefriendofthewoman.D)Heisgoodatansweringtrickyquestions.16.A)Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.B)Themanwillchoosealow-rentapartment.C)Themanisnotcertainifhecanfindaquieterplace.D)Themanisunliklytomoveoutofthedormitory.第-102-页共102页n17.A)Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.B)themanandwomanareworkingonajointproject.C)Oneshouldbechooseabroadtopicforaresearchpaper.D)Ittookalotoftimetogetthemanontherighttrack.18.A)Theywentcampingthistimelastyear.B)Theydidn’tquiteenjoytheirlastpicnic.C)Theylearnedtocooperateunderharshconditions.D)Theyweren’texperiencedinorganizingpicnics.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A）HelikesSwedenbetterthanEngland.B）Heprefershotweathertocoldweather.C）HeisanEnglishlivinginSweden.D）HevisitsLondonnearlyeverywinter.20.A）ThebadweatherB）Thecoldhouses.C）Thegloomywinter.D）Thelongnight.21.A）Delightful.B）Painful.C）Depressing.第-102-页共102页nD）Refreshing.22.A）Theyoftenstayuplatereading.B)Theyworkhardandplayhard.C)Theyliketogocampinginsummer.D)Theytrytoearnmoreandspendmore.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A）Management.B）FrenchC）EnglishliteratureD）PublicAdministration24.A）Englishteaching.B）Stafftraining.C）Careersguidance.D）Psychologicalcounseling25.A）Itspleasantenvironment.B）Itsworldwidefame.C）Itsgenerousscholarship.D）Itswell-designedcourses.SectionB第-102-页共102页nPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.WhatdidObcamp’sspeechfocuson?A)CharacteristicsofJapaneseartistsB)SomefeaturesofJapanesecultureC)TheartofJapanesebrushpaintingD)TheuniquenessofJapaneseart27.WhydoJapaneselistenerssometimesclosetheireyeswhilelisteningtoaspeech?A)TocalmthemselvesdownB)ToenhanceconcentrationC)ToshowtheirimpatienceD)Tosignaltheirlackofinterest28.Whatdoesthespeakertrytoexplain?A)HowlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespectB)HowspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheaudienceC)HowspeakerscanmisunderstandtheaudienceD)HowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsarePassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.第-102-页共102页n29.WhatisChris’smainresponsibilityatTaxlongCompany?A)Directingpersonnelevaluation.B)Buyingandmaintainequipment.C)Drawingupplansforin-servicetraining.D)Interviewingandrecruitingemployees.30.WhatproblemdidChrisencounterinhisDivision?A)Someofhisequipmentwasdamagedinafire.B)Thetrainingprogramheranwasfailure.C)Twoofhisworkerswereinjuredatwork.D)Twoofhisemployeescommittedtheft.31.WhatdoesChrishopeforinthenearfuture?A)Abetterrelationshipwithhisboss.B)AdvancementtoahigherpositionC)Abetter-payingjobinanothercompanyD)Improvementinthecompany’smanagement32WhatdowelearnaboutKimfromthepassage?A)Shehasmoreself-confidencethanChris.B)SheworkswithChrisinthesamedivision.C)ShehasmoremanagementexperiencethanChris.第-102-页共102页nD)SheiscompetingwithChrisforthenewjob.PassageThreeQuestions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Whyareproverbssoimportant?A)Theyhelpusseetheimportantvaluesofaculture.B)Theyguideusinhandlinghumanrelationships.C)Theyhelpusexpressourselvesmoreeffectively.D)Theyareaninfinitesourceofhumanknowledge.34.Accordingtothespeakerwhathappenstosomeproverbswiththepassageoftime?A)Theirwordingsmaybecomedifferent.B)Thevaluestheyreflectmaychange.C)Theiroriginscannolongerbetraced.D)Theymaybemisinterpreted.35.Whatdowelearnfromthestudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworld?SectionC第-102-页共102页nDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。Ourlivesarewoventogether.AsmuchasIenjoymyown(36)_____________,InolongerimagineIcangetthrougha(37)_____________day,muchlessallmylife,(38)_____________onmyown.EvenifIamon(39)_____________inthemountains,Iameatingfoodsomeoneelsehasgrown,livinginahousesomeoneelsehasbuilt,wearingclothessomeoneelsehas(40)_____________fromclothwovenbyothers,using(41)_____________someoneelseisdistributingtomyhouse.(42)_____________ofinterdependenceiseverywhere;weareonthis(43)_____________together.AsIwasgrowingup,(44)____________________________________________________________________________.“Makeyourownway”,”Standon第-102-页共102页nyourowntwofeet”ormymother’sfavoriteremarkwhenIwasface-to-facewithconsequencesofsomeaction:Nowthatyou’vemadeyourbed,lieonit!”Totalindependenceisadominantthinginourculture.Iimaginethat(45)________________________________________________________________________________.Buttheteachingwasshapedbyourculturalimagines.Andinstead,IgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotallyindependentandconsequentlybecameveryreluctanttoaskforhelp.(46)___________________________________________________________________________________.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethrough第-102-页共102页ncarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Withtheworld'spopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers.businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincreasewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructure(基础设施)andjobs.Underlingallthis47willbethedemandforenergy,whichisexpectedtodoubleoverthenext40years.　　Findingtheresourcestomeetthisdemandina48.sustainablewayisthecornerstone(基石)ofournation'senergysecurity,andwillbeoneofthemajor49ofthe21stcentury.Alternativeformsofenergy-bio-fuels,windandsolar,tonameafeware50beingfundedanddeveloped,andwillplayagrowing51intheworld'senergysupply.Butexpertssaythatevenwhen52,alternativeenergysourceswilllikelymeetonlyabout30%oftheworld'senergyneedsby2050.　　Forexample,evenwith53investments,suchasthe$93millionforwindenergydevelopment54intheAmerican第-102-页共102页nRecoveryandReinvestmentAct,importantalternativeenergysourcessuchaswindandbio-fuels55onlyabout1%ofthemarkettoday.　　Energyandsustainabilityexpertssaytheanswertoourfutureenergyneedswilllikelycomefromalotof56bothtraditionalandalternative.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　A)stableI)exactly　　B)solutionsJ)consist　　C)significantK)comprise　　D)roleL)competitions　　E)progressM)combined　　F)marvelousN)challenges　　G)includedO)certainlyH)growthSectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchokesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2第-102-页共102页nwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Boys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandinvolvetheminactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic.　　Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinity(阳刚),theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype.aUSstudysays.　　Boysatsingle-sexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".　　Thefindingsofthestudysoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.　　TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfadedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachersforfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.　　Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdo第-102-页共102页nbetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.　　Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudy'sauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.　　Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwith"boy-focused"approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevisionlearnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobegiven"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround."Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminine(女性的)andpreferthemodemgenre(类型)inwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,"Jameswrote.　　Single-sexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inmixedschoolsboysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,"thestudyreported.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Theauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschoolwould____.　　A)forceboystohidetheiremotionstobe"realmen"　　B)helptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboys第-102-页共102页n　　C)encourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreely　　D)naturallyreinforceinboysthetraditionalimageofaman　　58.Itiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolboys_____.　　A)PerformrelativelybetterC)behavemoreresponsibly　　B)growupmorehealthilyD)receiveabettereducation　　59.WhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?　　A)Itfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademically.　　B)Itfocusesmoreonmixedschooleducation.　　C)Itfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed.　　D)Itplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls.　　60.AccordingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschoolsis______.　　A)teachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys　　B)boyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistracted　　C)boyscanchoosetolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedin　　D)teachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys'teamspirit　　61.WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames'report?　　A)Theyenjoybeingincharge.C)Theyhave第-102-页共102页nsharpervision.　　B)Theyconformtostereotypes.D)Theyareviolentandsexist.PassageTwo　　Questions62to66arebatedonthefollowingpassage.　　It'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloffandwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear-wejustwon'tgo.　　Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.FormanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholidayAYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession-financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbal(言语上的)aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolvedandmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.第-102-页共102页n　　KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentideasofwhatit'sfor."heexplains."They'llsayit'stosavetospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem."Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething.　　"Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowwhat'sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofataboo(禁忌)abouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyou'redoing,who'spayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationship,youdon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit."　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答：　　62.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacationing?　　A)Peopleenjoyitallthemoreduringarecession.　　B)Fewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghard.　　C)Itmakesallthehardworkworthwhile.　　D)Itisthechiefcauseoffamilydisputes.　　63.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"moneyisknown...to第-102-页共102页nbringarelationshiptoitsknees"(Line1,Para.2)?　　A)Moneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils.　　B)Somepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney.　　C)Fewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney.　　D)Disputesovermoneymayrainarelationship.　　64.TheYouGovpollof2,000peopleindicatesthatinarecession______.　　A)conflictsbetweencouplestendtorise　　B)itismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitup　　C)couplesshowmoreconcernforeachother　　D)divorceandseparationratesincrease　　65.WhatdoesKimStephensonbelieve?　　A)Moneyisoftenasymbolofaperson'sstatus.　　B)Moneymeansagreatdealtobothandwomen.　　C)Menandwomenspendmoneyondifferentthings.　　D)Menandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways.　　66.Theauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould______.　　A)puttheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitseparately　　B)makeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilybudgets　　C)discussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationship　　D)avoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromantic第-102-页共102页n　　PartⅤCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblandtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaperYoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Employersfeartheywillbeunabletorecruitstudentswiththeskillstheyneedastheeconomicrecoverykicksin,anewsurvey67.　　Nearlyhalfoftheorganizationstoldresearcherstheywerealreadystrugglingtofind68withskillsinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(STEM).69evenmorecompaniesexpecttoexperience70ofemployeeswithSTEMskillsinthenextthreeyears.　　TheConfederationofBritishIndustry71694businessesandorganizationsacrossthepublicand72sectors,whichtogetheremploy2.4millionpeople.　　Halfare73theywillnotbeabletofillgraduatepostsin第-102-页共102页nthecomingyears,whileathirdsaidtheywouldnotbeableto74enoughemployeeswiththerightA-levelskills.　　"75wemovefurtherrolerecoveryandbusinessesplan76growth,thedemandforpeoplewithhigh-qualityskillsandqualificationswill　　77."saidRichardLambert,DirectorGeneral,CBI."Firmssayitisalreadyhardtofindpeoplewiththeright78orengineeringskills.Thenewgovernmentmustmakeitatop79toencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudyscience-related80."　　Thesurveyfoundthatyoungpeoplewouldimprovetheirjobprospects81theystudiedbusiness,maths,EnglishandphysicsorchemistryatA-level.TheA-levelsthatemployers82leastarepsychologyandsociology.Andwhilemanyemployersdon'tinsistona83degreesubject.AthirdprefertohirethosewithaSTEM-relatedsubject.　　Theresearch84worriesaboutthelackofprogressinimprovingbasicskillsintheUK85.Halfoftheemployerexpressedworriesaboutemployees'basicliteracyandnumeracy（计算)skills,whilethebiggestproblemiswithITskills,86two-thirdsreportedconcerns.　　67.A)submitsC)launches　　B)revealsD)generates第-102-页共102页n　　68.A)audienceC)partners　　B)officialsD)staff　　69.A)whileC)for　　B)becauseD)although　　70.A)exitsC)absences　　B)shortagesD)departures　　71.A)surveyedC)exposed　　B)searchedD)exploited　　72.A)collectiveC)personal　　B)privateD)civil　　73.A)confrontedC)concerned　　B)conformedD)confused　　74.A)bindC)transfer　　B)attainD)recruit　　75.A)LestC)Before　　B)UnlessD)As　　76.A)withC)on　　B)forD)by　　77.A)dominateC)enforce　　B)stretchD)intensify　　78.A)creativeC)narrative　　B)technicalD)physical第-102-页共102页n　　79.A)priorityC)challenge　　B)optionD)judgment　　80.A)proceduresC)thoughts　　B)academicsD)subjects　　81.A)untilC)whereas　　B)sinceD)if　　82.A)rateC)order　　B)discussD)observe　　83.A)typicalC)positive　　BparticularD)general　　84.A)highlightedC)focused　　B)prescribedD)touched　　85.A)massesC)faculty　　B)workforceD)communities　　86.A)whatC)whereB)whomD)why　　PartⅣTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketsPleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswer第-102-页共102页nSheer2注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87．Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiesto________________(为地震幸存者筹款)。　　88．Linda_______________(不可能收到我的电子邮件）：otherwise,shewouldhavereplied．　　89．It'smymother________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudies．　　90．Thepublishinghousehasto______________（考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度)。91．Itisabsolutelywrongto________________（仅仅以金钱来定义幸福）。第-102-页共102页nPartIIIListeningComprehension2011年12月四级听力(听力原文)SectionA11.W:Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletelyconfused.Ican’tfigureoutwhenmybustoClevelandleaves?M:Whydon’tyoujustgototheticketwindowandask?Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?12.W:IreallyenjoyedtheTVspecialaboutdraftslastnight.Didyougethomeintimetoseeit?W:Oh,yes,butIwishIcouldhavestayedawakelongenoughtoseethewholething.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?13.W:Airport,please.I’mrunningalittlelate.Sojusttakethefastestwayevenifit’snotthemostdirect.M:Sure,butthereisalotoftrafficeverywheretodaybecauseofthefootballgame.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?14.W:MayImakearecommendation,sir?Ourseafoodwiththisspecialsauceisverygood.M:Thankyou,butIdon’teatshellfish.I’mallergicto第-102-页共102页nit.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?15.W:nowonemorequestionifyoudon’tmind,whatpositioninthecompanyappealstoyoumost?M:Well,I’dlikethepositionofsalesmanagerifthatpositionisstillvacant.Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?16.M:Idon’tthinkIwanttoliveinthedormitorynextyear.Ineedmoreprivacy.W:Iknowwhatyoumean.Butcheckoutthecostifrentinganapartmentfirst.Iwon’tbesurprisedifyouchangeyourmind.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?17.M:You’reontherighttrack.Ijustthinkyouneedtonarrowthetopicdown.W:Yeah,you’reright.IalwaysstartbychoosingtwoboardertopicswhenI’mdoingaresearchpaper.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?18.W:Thispicnicshouldbeatthelastonewewentto,doesn’tit?M:Oh,yeah,wehadtospendthewholetimeinside.Goodthing,第-102-页共102页ntheweatherwascooperativethistime.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?LongConversationConversationOneM:WhenIsayIliveinSweden,peoplealwayswanttoknowabouttheseasons.W:Theseasons?M:Yeah,youknowhowcolditisinwinter?Whatisitlikewhenthedaysaresoshort?W:Sowhatisitlike?M:Well,itiscold,verycoldinwinter.Sometimesitiscoldas26degreesbelowcentigrade.Andofcoursewhenyougoout,you’llwrapupwarm.Butinsideinthehousesit’salwaysverywarm,muchwarmerthanathome.SwedishpeoplealwayscomplainthatwhentheyvisitEngland,thehousesarecoldeveninthegoodwinter.W:Andwhataboutthedarkness?M:Well,yeah,aroundChristmastimethere’sonlyonehourofdaylight,soyoureallylooksforwardtothespring.Itissometimesabitdepressing.Butyouseethesummersareamazing,fromMaytoJulyintheNorthofSwedenthesunneversets.It’sstilllightinthemidnight.Youcanwalkinthemountains第-102-页共102页nandreadanewspaper.W:Oh,yeah,thelandofthemidnightsun.M:Yeah,that’sright,butit’swonderful.Youwon’tstayupallnight.AndtheSwedesmakesmostofitoftentheystartedworkearlierinsummerandthenleaveatabout2or3intheafternoon,sothattheycanreallyenjoythelongsummerevenings.They’dliketoworkhard,butplayhard,too.IthinkLondonersworklongerhours,butI’mnotsurethisisagoodthing.Q19:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?Q20:WhatdoSwedishpeoplecomplainaboutwhentheyvisitEnglandinwinter?Q21:HowdoesthemandescribetheshorthourofdaylightaroundChristmasinSweden?Q21:WhatdoesthemansayabouttheSwedishpeople?ConversationTwoW:Whatkindoftrainingdoesoneneedtogointothistypeofjob?M:That’saverygoodquestion.Idon’tthinkthereisany,specifically.W:Forexample,inyourcase,whatwasyoureducational第-102-页共102页nbackground?M:Well,IdidadegreeinFrenchatNottingham.Afterthat,Ididcareersworkinsecondaryschoolslikethecareersguidancepeople.Hereisintheuniversity.ThenIwentintolocalgovernmentbecauseIfoundIwasmoreinterestedintheadministrativeside.Thenprogressedontouniversities.Sotherewasn’tanyplanandtherewasnospecifictraining.Thereareplentyoftrainingcoursesinmanagementtechniquesandcommitteeworkwhichyoucanattendnow.W:Butinthefirstplace,youdidaFrenchdegree.M:Inmytime,therewasn’tadegreeyoucoulddoforadministration.IthinkmostoftheadministratorsI’vecomeacrosshavedegreesandallsortsofthings.W:Well,Iknowinmycase,IdidanEnglishliteraturedegreeandIdidn’treallyexpecttoendupdoingwhatIamdoingnow.M:Quite.W:ButyouarelocaltoNottingham,actually?IsthereanyreasonwhyyouwenttoNottinghamUniversity?M:No,no,IcomefromthenorthofEngland,fromwestYorkshire.NottinghamwasoneoftheuniversitiesIputonmylist.AndIlikethelookofit.Thecampusisjustbeautiful.第-102-页共102页nW:Yes,indeed.Let’ssee.WereyoufromtheindustrialpartofYorkshire?M:Yes,fromtheWoolenDistrict.Q23.Whatwastheman’smajoratuniversity?Q24:Whatwastheman’sjobinsecondaryschools?Q25:WhatattractedthemantoNottinghamUniversity?SectionBPassageOneWhileGailObcamp,anAmericanartistwasgivingaspeechontheartofJapanesebrushpaintingtoanaudiencethatincludedvisitorsfromJapan,shewasconfusedtoseethatmanyofherJapaneselistenershavetheireyesclosed.WeretheytunedoffbecauseanAmericanhadthenervetoinstructJapaneseintheirownartformortheydeliberatelytriedtosignaltheirrejectionofher?Obcamplaterfoundoutthatherlistenerswerenotbeingdisrespectful.Japaneselistenerssometimesclosedtheireyestoenhanceconcentration.Herlistenerswereshowingtheirrespectforherbychewingonherwords.SomedayyoumaybeeitheraspeakeroralistenerinasituationinvolvingpeoplefromothercountriesormembersofminoritygroupinNorthAmerica.Learninghowdifferentculturessignalrespectcanhelpyouavoidmisunderstandings.Herearesome第-102-页共102页nexamples.InthedeafcultureofNorthAmerica,manylistenersshowapplausenotbyclappingtheirhandsbutbywavingthemintheair.Insomecultures,bothoverseasandinsomeminoritygroupsinNorthAmerica,listenersareconsidereddisrespectfuliftheylookdirectlyatthespeaker.Respectisshownbylookinginthegeneraldirectionbutavoidingdirecteyecontact.Insomecountries,whistlingbylistenersisasignofapprovalwhileinothercourtiersitisaformofinsult.Questions:26,WhatdidObcamp’sspeechfocuson?27,WhydoJapaneselistenerssometimesclosetheireyeswhilelisteningtoaspeech?28,Whatdoesthespeakertrytoexplain?PassageTwoChrisisinchargeofpurchasingandmaintainingequipmentinhisDivisionatTaxlongCompany.Heissoongoingtohaveanevaluationinterviewwithhissupervisorandthepersonneldirectortodiscusstheworkhehasdoneinthepastyear.Salary,promotionandplansforthecomingyearwillalsobediscussedatthemeeting.ChrishasmadeseveralchangesforhisDivisioninthepastyear.First,heboughtnewequipment第-102-页共102页nforoneofthedepartments.Hehasbeenparticularlyhappyaboutthenewequipmentbecausemanyoftheemployeeshavetoldhimhowmuchithashelpedthem.Alongwithimprovingtheequipment,Chrisbeganaprogramtotrainemployeestouseequipmentbetteranddosimplemaintenancethemselves.Thetrainingsavedtimefortheemployeesandmoneyforthecompany.Unfortunately,oneseriousproblemdevelopedduringtheyear.TwoemployeestheChrishiredwerestealing,andhehadtofirethem.Chrisknowsthatanewjobforapurchasingandmaintenancemanagerforthewholecompanywillbeopeninafewmonths,andhewouldliketobepromotedtothejob.Chrisknows,however,thatsomeoneelsewantsthatnewjob,too.KimisinchargeofpurchasingandmaintenanceinanotherDivisionofthecompany.Shehasalsomadeseveralchangesovertheyear.ChrisknowsthathisbosslikesKim’swork,andheexpectsthathisworkwillbecomparedwithhers.Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.WhatisChris’smainresponsibilityatTaxlongCompany?30.WhatproblemdidChrisencounterinhisDivision?31.WhatdoesChrishopeforinthenearfuture?32.WhatdowelearnaboutKimfromthepassage?PassageThree第-102-页共102页nProverbs,sometimescalledsayings,areexamplesoffolkwisdom.Theyarelittlelessonswhicholderpeopleofaculturepassdowntotheyoungerpeopletoteachthemaboutlife.Manyproverbsremindpeopleofthevaluesthatareimportantintheculture.Valuesteachpeoplehowtoact,whatisright,andwhatiswrong.Becausethevaluesofeachculturearedifferent,understandingthevaluesofanotherculturehelpsexplainhowpeoplethinkandact.Understandingyourownculturevaluesisimportanttoo.Ifyoucanacceptthatpeoplefromotherculturesactaccordingtotheirvalues,notyours,gettingalongwiththemwillbemucheasier.Manyproverbsareveryold.Sosomeofthevaluestheyteachmaynotbeasimportantinthecultureastheyoncewere.Forexample,Americanstodaydonotpaymuchattentiontotheproverb“Hastemakeswaste”,becausepatienceisnotimportanttothem.Butifyouknowaboutpastvalues,ithelpsyoutounderstandthepresentandmanyoftheoldervaluesarestillstrongtoday.BenjaminFranklin,afamousAmericandiplomat,writerandscientist,diedin1790,buthisproverb“Timeismoney”istakenmoreseriouslybyAmericansoftodaythaneverbefore.A study ofproverbsfromaroundtheworldshowsthatsomevaluesare第-102-页共102页nsharedbymanycultures.Inmanycasesthough,thesameideaisexpresseddifferently.Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Whyareproverbssoimportant?34.Accordingtothespeakerwhathappenstosomeproverbswiththepassageoftime?35Whatdowelearnfromthe study ofproverbsfromaroundtheworld?CompoundDictationOurlivesarewoventogether.AsmuchasIenjoymyowncompany,InolongerimagineIcangetthroughasingledaymuchlessallmylifecompletelyonmyown.EvenifIamonvacationinthemountains,Iameatingfoodsomeoneelsehasgrown,livinginahousesomeoneelsehasbuilt,wearingclothessomeoneelsehassewnfromclothwovenbyothers,usingelectricitysomeoneelseisdistributingtomyhouse.Evidenceofinterdependenceiseverywhere;weareonthisjourneytogether.AsIwasgrowingup,Irememberbeingcarefullytaughtthatindependencenotinterdependencewaseverything.“Makeyourownway”,”Standonyourowntwofeet”ormymother’sfavoriteremarkwhenIwasface-to-facewithconsequencesofsomeaction:Nowthatyou’vemadeyourbed,lieonit.第-102-页共102页nTotalindependenceisadominantthinginourculture.Iimaginethatwhatmyparentsweretryingtoteachmewastotakeresponsibilitiesformyactionsandmychoices.Buttheteachingwasshapedbyourculturalimagines.Andinstead,IgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotallyindependentandconsequentlybecameveryreluctanttoaskforhelp.Iwoulddoalmostanythingnottobeaburden,andnotrequireanyhelpfromanybody.2011年12月英语四级真题答案快速阅读：ACABACA7.stealagrade8.honestyandgoodfaith9.theWatergatescandal听力答案：11—15BABAA16—18BDB19—22BBCB23—25BCB26—28CBA29—32BDBD33—34AB选词填空：47growth48stable49challenges50certainly51role52combined53significant54included55comprise56solutions阅读理解：57—61CACAC62—66CDADC完形填空：67.reveals68.staff69.while70.shortages71.surveyed72.private73.concerned74.recruit75.As76.for77.intensify第-102-页共102页n78.technical79.priority80.subjects81.if82.rate83.particular84.highlighted85.workforce86.where翻译：87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiestoraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake.(为地震幸存者筹款)88.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail(不可能收到我的电子邮件),otherwise,shecouldhavereplied.89.It’smymotherwho/thatkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy.90.Thepublishinghousehastoconsiderthepopularityofthisnovel.(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。91.It’swrongtodefinehappinessonlybymoney.(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)2011年12月英语四级真题答案解析PartIWriting【标准版】NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillNothingrunssmoothlyinourlife.Toachievethingssuccessfully,astrongwillisessential.LifeislikeaMarathon.Manypeoplecan’tgettotheterminal.Thisisnotbecausetheyarelackofvitalitybutbecausetheirwillofsuccessisnotstrongenough.第-102-页共102页nTotakequittingsmokingasanexample,someregarditasapieceofcake.Theymakeuptheirmindstoquititinthemorning,butintheeveningtheyfeelthatthesmellofcigarettesistempting.Theirthroatsaresore,theirmouthsarethirsty,andtheirhandsareshaking.Afterthepainfulmentalstruggle,theytellthemselvesthat“Onecigaretteisenough.Justtakeone,andthenextdayIwillquitit.”Bydoingthis,theysurrendertotheirweakwill.Intheend,theyhavequittedsmoking“ahundredtimes”,butinnotimetheysucceed.Justlikequittingsmoking,nothingsucceedswithoutastrongwill.Tobesuccessfulinone’slife,astrongwillmeansthatyouknowwhereyougoandyouwillpersistontheroadyouchoose.Undoubtedlysuccessbelongstothosewhoovercometheirweakwillandwhohanginthereuntilthelastminute.【文章点评】本文属于话题类作文，只看题目“NothingSucceedswithoutastrongwill”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。细看题目说明中给出了提示，要求考生结合戒烟屡次不成功的幽默引语对该话题进行分析阐述。总体来说，这是一篇“中等偏上”的考生作文。本文先点题指出“坚强意志”的重要性；第二段从反面举例阐述——具体描写了意志不坚定者的心理活动，阐述为什么会戒烟失败；最后从戒烟延伸到生活中的其他事情，并复述坚强意志的内涵，点题收尾。第-102-页共102页n总体上来看，文章思路清晰，采用了生动的比喻和形象的心理描写，语言流畅，用语地道。但一些重复表达（如第二段和第三段中的weakwill）显得单调，可用shakyones,weak-willedpersons，thestrong-willed等灵活表达。在备考中，多积累不同表达，相信会写出更生动的文章。在论述上，叙述略显罗嗦。第二段心理描写过多，虽然流畅生动，但却使这篇考场作文超过了规定字数，反而成为失分点，这一点要引以为戒。【高分版】NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillAswehavereadfromabove,quitting-smokingseemseasy,butinrealityitisrarelyachieved.Thereissomethingprovokingandinterestinginthisparadox,justbecausesworddoesnotwearthestoneasdrippingwaterdoes.Theabilitytodosomethingoverandoveragaininashorttimemayimplyitseasiness,butinalongrun,alifetimemaybe,thingsturnouttobequitetheopposite.Also,asisoftenthecase,onemayhaveobtainedallthetoolsandopportunitiestoachievesomething,butintheendtheystillfailduetothewillshortage.Sohowcouldweavoidthedilemma?Hereistheprimeconditionofsuccess:willandperseverance.Concentrateyouenergy,thoughtandmindexclusivelyonthebusinessinwhichyouareengaged,hang第-102-页共102页noninthereandbepatient,for,asEmersonputit,noonecancheatyououtofyourultimatesuccessbutyourself.【文章点评】本次四级作文探讨的话题是成功与毅力之间的关系，话题不算新，一般考生对此都比较熟悉，所以对考生来说难度不大。写好这篇作文，需要抓住两点，一是紧跟题目要求，即对上述幽默性的话语做出评论，二是在评论的基础上要亮出自己的观点。范文开头第一句即一针见血地对上述幽默性话语做出总结性概括，即戒烟看似简单实则很难，随后指出该话语本质上是一个悖论，并且以一个“水滴石穿”的俗语来指出困难所在，这句也是本文的一个亮点，体现作者在西方俗语方面丰富的知识储备。第二段作者则进一步深入分析该话语，指出做某事在短期看来很容易，长期来看，恰恰相反，人们做事的结果也因此总是失败，原因则在最后一句点出：缺乏毅力。第三段作者进一步给出了自己的观点，告诉大家如何避免陷入这种两难境地：首要条件即需要坚强的意志和长期的坚持。最后再以艾默生的一句名言“没人能够骗你远离你最终的成功，除非你自己承认失败”来总结全文，切中主题，铿锵有力。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.【答案】A)stickstothemintheirdailylife【解析】第一题的答案就在全文第一句。关键词是notonly….Butalso….，关键句是Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsoliving第-102-页共102页nuptothosestandardseachday.这里的liveupto和选项里的stickto属于同义替换。2.【答案】C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust【解析】关键词是personalandprofessional，关键句是Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.结合紧接着的问句，我们很容易锁定trust这个选项。3.【答案】A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.【解析】关键词是identifytherisks，关键句是Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.所以答案很明显是A。4.【答案】B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.【解析】关键词是misconduct，关键句是Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.和原文意义高度一致的，就是这个unintentional。因此答案是：B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.5.【答案】A.Avoidmakingexcuses.【解析】关键词是fooloneself，关键句是Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest这里的watchoutfor和选项里的avoid属于同义替换。所以答案是A。6.【答案】C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.【解析】关键词是regretlater，关键句是Thosewhotakerisks第-102-页共102页ntheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme")。很明显，选项valueimmediatebenefitsmost是正确答案。这里的value和focuson属于同义替换。7.【答案】A)paymoredearly【解析】关键词是getcaught，关键句是Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.这里的higherprice和选项里的moredearly属于同义替换。所以答案是A。8.【答案】stealagrade【解析】关键词：careabout关键句：I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."9.【答案】honestyandgoodfaith【解析】关键词是relyon，关键句是Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.10.【答案】theWatergatescandal【解析】关键词是politicalandeconomicleaders，关键句是Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)Section第-102-页共102页nA【解析】这是一篇讨论能源资源的说明文，话题是考生比较熟悉的能源问题，不断增长的人口与可再生资源的矛盾该如何解决。文中指出能源的一些可替代形式如生物能源、风能太阳能等可再生资源将在未来发挥越来越重要的作用。但是专家指出，即使这些资源储备量惊人，但是到2050年也只能满足世界30%的需求。文章最后两段探讨了各能源在市场上的需求，以及解决未来能源需求的其他方案。总体来说，这篇文章理解难度不大，填空难度适中，所选词汇也都是四级考纲的词汇。选项较具有干扰项，多为c和s开头的单词，考生在考试时要特别注意。SectionBPassageOne【解析】这篇文章针对传统的男女生一起上学，一起接受教育提出了质疑。作者从文章一开头就表明了自己的看法：对于男生而言，单性教育，即男生们一起上学会对男生的身心发展更为有利。文中出现一个短语，receivedwisdom，即是“人们普遍的看法，公认的看法”。也是作者所批判的一种观点。传统观点认为，男生和女生混合教育会对男生发展更有利。但是作者认为单性教育对男生有以下几个好处：可以让男生们更自由地表达自己的情感，可以学习自己感兴趣的艺术，舞蹈，音乐等学科。不用去遵守人们在传统印象中对男生的期盼。而且单性教育可以针对男生的身心发展特点而制定学习计划。并且作者觉得，目前英国教育把女生当做关注重点，忽视了对男生的重视。PassageTwo【解析】这是一篇关于金钱对夫妻关系的影响的文章。文中第一段主要通过度假这件事来体现不同人对待金钱的不同态度。作者认为人只能活一次，如果不能去度假的话，那么工作再努力也没有意义。第二段主要谈到了大萧条时期，不太良好的经济状况常常会影响夫妻关系，可能会导致争吵，甚至会导致离婚或者分居的成本增加，对夫妻感情造成伤害。第三段讲了Kim第-102-页共102页nStephenson，一个心理学家的观点，即男人和女人对待金钱的态度是不一样的，男人把金钱看作是得到社会地位的途径，看作向父母展现自己成功的一种方式。第四段，作者建议夫妻可以对金钱持有不同的观点，但是不可以对它采取回避的态度，避而不谈。相对来说，这篇文章的难度比较大。文章看懂并不难，但是题目中，推理题和大意题比较多，需要在充分理解作者意图，了解文章主旨的基础上，才能选出正确答案。PartVCloze67.【答案】reveals【解析】第一段提出话题，“据一项最新调查显示，现在的雇主们害怕他们雇不到符合要求的毕业生”，launch意思为“发起一场运动”，submit意为“提交，服从”，generate生成，reveal透露，揭露，显示。这里根据段意，reveal最合适。68.【答案】staff【解析】根据句意，基本有一半的组织机构告诉调查者他们在努力寻找具有四个方面（科学、技术、工程和数学）才能的职员。这里partners，audience,officials显然不符合题意。69.【答案】while【解析】这里和前面已经叙述的事实构成并列，“同时，更多公司预测，接下来的三年他们都将会遭遇雇员四缺现象（科学、技术、工程和数学知识技能欠缺）”，因此排除其他三项。选while。70.【答案】shortages【解析】由第二段句首struggling可判断，机构组织寻找这些人才非常不易，那么这种人才显然是不够的，短缺的。absence是表示“缺席，不在”，不能描述短缺，因此排除。此题的另一个关键是确定experience的词性，动词。第-102-页共102页n71.【答案】surveyed【解析】第三段用一句话简介经过工业联盟调查了69个行业和组织，首先排除D和C，search是指搜查；细查某处以搜寻某人或某物，搜索；而survey是指调查某部分人的行为、意见等（通常以询问方式进行），符合题意。72.【答案】private【解析】根据上一题的意思，调查在公共和私人部门中展开，后面一句的together暗示and后面的这个空是和“公共的”对立的，因此填private。73.【答案】concerned【解析】第四段描写了这个调查的具体情况。有一半人…，这里缺少动词，confront一般和with连用，conform符合，遵照，confuse使混乱，使困惑，这里根据上下文的意思，雇主们都担心这种现象的发生，因此选concerned,beconcerned担心的，烦恼的，忧虑的。74.【答案】recruit【解析】本题考查词义辨析，三分之一的被调查者坦言他们可能顾不到符合相应资质的雇员，只有recruit符合题意。75.【答案】As【解析】根据句子结构判断，前半句是一个伴随状语，“随着…的深入进行，…需求越来越强”，而不是条件状语或让步状语。76.【答案】for【解析】这里考查介词搭配。这里侧重于描述执行进展的计划的目的，选for。77.【答案】intensify第-102-页共102页n【解析】本题考查词义辨析。根据前文，这种需求是不断增加的，intensify增强，强化，变激烈；dominate指在…中占主导地位，这里并没有给出一个具体的范围，不符合句意。enforce实施，执行；stretch伸展。78.【答案】technical【解析】本题比较简单，属于送分题。前卖第二段已经指出在四个方面技能欠缺，选项中显然只有technical符合文意。79.【答案】priority【解析】这里考查短语固定搭配。make…atoppriority让…成为首要任务，当务之急。80.【答案】subjects【解析】这里鼓励年轻人学习科学相关的学科，从倒数第二段也可判断。academy学院，研究院；procedure步骤，程序，thought思想，不符题意，排除。81.【答案】if【解析】这里考查考生对前后两个完整的句子的关系的理解，主句中的would是一个虚拟语气的标志词，据此代入选项if，通读上下文，符合题意之后确定。82.【答案】rate【解析】词义辨析题。rate评定某人、某事物的价值；order命令，整理；discuss讨论，论述，observe观察，遵守。根据文意，雇主们认为A-levels中价值最低的学科是心理学和社会学，因此选rate。83.【答案】particular第-102-页共102页n【解析】文章指出现在雇主们需要的是具备Stem四方面素质的人才，因此许多雇主们不赞成对某一特殊学科的专业学位，而非typical典型的，general一般的，或者是积极的positive。84.【答案】highlighted【解析】词义辨析题。根据最后一句，该研究“强调”对…的担忧,focus一般和on连用，其余两项意义不符。85.【答案】workforce【解析】词义辨析题。“提高英国劳动力的基本技能”，masses民众，faculty全体教员，community社区，团体；整篇文章都在讨论就业和雇佣，显然选workforce。86.【答案】where【解析】考查定语关系副词。这个定语从句完整，由此判断缺少关系副词，首先排除A,B两个关系代词,再根据意思排除why。PartVITranslation87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiestoraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake.(为地震幸存者筹款)【解析】本题考察动词raise的用法。raisemoney表示“筹款”。同时考生要注意survivor（幸存者）的拼写。88.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail(不可能收到我的电子邮件),otherwise,shecouldhavereplied.【解析】本题考察混合型虚拟语气。otherwise提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实相反（事实是Linda没有回复），因此用could+have+过去分词。句子前半句是在陈述一种事实，从句子后半句couldhave+过去分词我们可以推断前面“没有收到我的电子邮件”也是在发生在过去，且对现在产生了影响（还没有收到回信），因此这里用现在完成时，couldhave+过去分词。第-102-页共102页n89.It’smymotherwho/thatkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy.【解析】本题考察了强调句型和动词encourage的搭配。①强调句型it’s…that/who…②encouragesb.(not)todosth.鼓励某人（不）做某事。90.Thepublishinghousehastoconsiderthepopularityofthisnovel.(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。【解析】本题考察了“考虑”的表达，可以用动词consider，也可以用词组take…intoconsideration。同时考生要注意名词popularity(受欢迎程度)的拼写。91.It’swrongtodefinehappinessonlybymoney.(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)【解析】本题考察了“定义”的表达，为define。第-102-页共102页n2011年6月全国大学英语四级考试试题(CET4)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow.1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestiononANSWERSHEET1,Forquestion1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BritishCuisine:theBestofOldandNewBritishcuisine(烹饪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(厨师)combinethebestofoldandnew.WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!Thosearenotthemostencouragingwordstohearjustbefore第-102-页共102页neatinglunchatoneofHongKong’ssmartestBritishrestaurants,Alfie’sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay.“Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland,”theEnglishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients.preparationandcookingmethods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefssuchasDaliaSmith,NigelSlater.,JamieOliverandGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealizethatcookingandeatingdidn’thavetobeaboringthing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHestonBlumenthal’sgastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreatetheperfectdish.“It’snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsaboutfood,”Tomessays.Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation’scuisinecanbetracedbacktotheSecondWorldWar.BeforetheWar,muchofBritain’sfoodwasimportedandwhenGermanU-boatsbeganattackingshipsbringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwentonrations(配给).“Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-producefood,”Tomessays.“Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheirkitchens.”Thenweren’tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautiful第-102-页共102页npresentation;theywerelookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritizationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecades,meaningagenerationwasbroughtupwithfoodthatcouldn’tcompletewithneighbouringFrance,Italy,BelgiumorSpain.BeforestarchefssuchasOliverbeganmakingcookingfashionable,itwashardtofindarestaurantinLondonthatwasopenafter9pm.Butinrecentyearsthecapital’sculinary(烹饪的)scenehasdevelopedtothepointthatitisnowconfidentofitsabilitytopleasethetastesofanyinternationalvisitor.WiththeopeningofAlfie’sinApril,andotherssuchasThePawn,twoyearsago,modernBritishfoodhasmadeitswaytoHongKong.“WithBritishfood,IthinkthatHongKongrestaurantarekeepingup,”saysDavidTamlyn,theWelshexecutivechefatThePawninWanChai.“HongKongdinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,whichisgoodnewsfornewdishes.”ChefsagreethatdinersinHongKongareembracingthemodernBritishtrend.Somerestaurantsaremodifyingtherecipes(菜谱)ofBritishdishestobreathenewlifeintotheclassics,whileothersareusingbetterqualityingredientsbutremainingtruetoBritishtraditionsandtastes.Tamlynisinthesecondcamp.“Weselectourfoodveryparticularly.WeuseUSbeef,NewZealandlambandforourcustards(牛奶蛋糊)weuseBird’sCustardPowder,”Tamlynsays.“Somerestaurantsgofor第-102-页共102页ncustardmadefreshwitheggs,sugarandcream,butBritishcustardisdifferent,andwestaytruetothat.”MatthewHill,seniormanageratthetwo-year-oldSoHorestaurantYorkshirePudding,alsousesbetteringredientsasameansofimprovingdishes.“TherearealotofexistingperceptionsaboutBritishfoodandsowecan’talterthesetoomuch.We’reatraditionalBritishrestaurantsotherearesomestaples(主菜)thatwillremainessentiallyunchanged.”Thesetraditionaldishesincludefishandchips,steakandkidneypieandlargepiecesofroastedmeats.AtAlfie’s,thenewestoftheBritishrestaurantsintownandperhapsthemostgentleman’sclub-likedesign,NeilTomesexplainshispassionforprovenance(原产地).“Britishhasstartedtobecomereallyproudofthefoodit’sproducing.Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifullycraftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats.”However,theBritishdon’thaveahistoryofexportingtheirfoodstuffs,whichmakesitdifficultforrestaurantsinHongKongtosourceauthenticingredients.“WecangetalotofouringredientsonceaweekfromtheUK,”Tamlynexplains.“Butthereisalsopressuretobuylocalandsaveonfoodmiles,whichmeanswetakeourtakeourvegetablesfromthelocalmarkets,andtherearealotthatworkwellwithBritishstaples.”ThePhoenix,inMid-Levels,offersthewidestinterpretationof“Britishcuisine”,whilestilltryingtomaintainitssoul.Thegastro-pubhasexisted第-102-页共102页ninvariouslocationsinHongKongsince2002.SingaporeanheadchefTommyTehKumChaioffersdailyspecialsonablackboard,ratherthanstickingtoamenu.ThisenableshimtoreinterpretBritishcuisinedependingonwhatisavailableinthelocalmarkets.“Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewould’tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresentedinaBritishway.Bellpeppersstuffedwithcouscous,alongsideratatouille,isaverypopulardish.”Althoughtheingredientsmaynotstrikedinersasbeingtraditional,theycanbefoundindishesacrossBritain.Eventhetraditionalchefsareawareoftheneedtoadapttolocaltastesandcustoms.whilemaintainingtheBritishnessoftheircuisine.AtYortshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheirmeals.Smalldishes,sharedmealsand“mixingitup”isnotsomethingcommonlydoneinBritain,butYorkshirePuddingwillbringfulldishestothetableandofferindividualplatesforeachdiner.“Thatway,peplestillgetthepresentationofthedishesastheyweredesigned,butcancarvethemuphowevertheylike,”Hillsays.ThispracticeisalsopopularatThePawn,althoughlargelyforrotisseries(烤肉馆)，Tamlynsays.“SometableswillarriveonaSunday,orderawholechickenandshoulderoflamborababypig,andjuststayforhoursenjoyingeverythingwebringoutforthem.”SomeBritishtraditionsaretoosacred(神圣的)tomesswith,however,第-102-页共102页nTomessays.“I’dneverchangeafullEnglishbreakfast.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.WhatisBritishfoodgenerallyknownfor?A)ItsuniqueflavourC)Itsspecialcookingmethods.B)Itsbadtaste.D)Itsorganicingredients.2.TheSecondWorldWarledto[]inBritain.A)aninadequatesupplyoffoodC)anincreaseinfoodimportB)adecreaseofgrainproductionD)achangeinpeople’seatinghabits3.Whycould’tBritaincompletewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountriesintermsoffoodinthepost-wardecades?A)Itsfoodlackedvariety.C)Itwasshortofwell-trainedchefs.B)Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.D)Itdidn’thaveflavourfulfoodingredients.4.Withculinaryimprovementnrecentyears,London’srestaurantsarenowabletoappealtothetastesof[].A)mostyoungpeopleC)allkindsofoverseasvisitorsB)elderlyBritishdinersD)upper-classcustomers5.WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?A)Authenticclassiccuisine.C)Newideasandpresentation.B)Locallyproducedingredient.D)Thereturnofhome-styledishes.6.Whileusingqualityingredient,DavidTamlyninsistedthatdishes第-102-页共102页nshould[].A)benefitpeople’shealthC)beofferedatreasonablepricesB)lookbeautifulandinvitingD)maintainingBritishtraditionaltastes7.WhydoesNeilTomessayhelovesfoodingredientsfromBritain?A)Theyappealtopeoplefromallovertheworld.B)Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms.C)Theyareprocessedinascientificway.D)Theycomeinagreatvariety.8.TamlynsaysthatbesidesimportingingredientsfromBritainonceaweek,hisrestaurantalsobuysvegetablesfrom[].9.ThePhoenixinMid-LevelsmaynotuseBritishingredients,butpresentsitsdishes[].10.YorkshirePuddingisarestaurantwhichwillbringfulldishestothetablebutofferplatestothosedinerswhowouldliketo[].PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestions第-102-页共102页nwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.B)Heisashamedofhispresentcondition.C)Hechangesjobsfrequently.D)Heshaveseveryotherday.12.A)Janemaybecaughtinatrafficjam.B)Janeshouldhavestartedalittleearlier.C)HeknowswhatsortofpersonJaneis.D)HeisirritatedathavingtowaitforJane.13.A)TrainingfortheMid-AtlanticChampionships.B)Makingpreparationsforatrans-Atlantictrip.C)Collectinginformationaboutbaseballgames.D)Analyzingtheirrivals'on-fieldperformance.14.A)Hehadanarrowescapeinacaraccident.B)Heishospitalizedforaseriousinjury.C)Helosthismothertwoweeksago.第-102-页共102页nD)Hehasbeenhavingahardtime.15.A)Thewomanhasknownthespeakerforalongtime.B)Themanhaddifficultyunderstandingthelecture.C)Themanismakingafussaboutnothing.D)Thewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker.16.A)Hehasdifficultymakingsenseoflogic.B)Statisticsandlogicarebothchallengingsubjects.C)Thewomanshouldseekhelpfromthetutoringservice.D)Tutoringservicesareverypopularwithstudents.17.A)HerovercoatisasstylishasJill's.C)Jillworetheovercoatlastweek.B)Jillmissedherclasslastweek.D)Sheisinthesameclassastheman.18.A)Acomputergame.C)Anexcitingexperience.B)Animaginarysituation.D)Avacationbythesea.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Beautifulsceneryinthecountryside.C)Painandpleasureinsports.B)Dangersofcross-countryskiing.D)Asporthe第-102-页共102页nparticipatesin.20.A)Hecan'tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehispoint.B)Hecan'tfindapeacefulplacetodotheassignment.C)Hedoesn'tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryscenery.D)Hecan'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.21.A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.B)Muchtimeisspentoncollectingdata.C)Alotofeffortismadeinvain.D)Thewriter'spointofviewoftenchanges.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Journalistofalocalnewspaper.B)Directorofeveningradioprograms.C)Produceroftelevisioncommercials.D)Hostessoftheweekly"BusinessWorld".23.A)Heranthreerestaurantswithhiswife'shelp.B)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.C)Heworkedbothasacookandawaiter.D)Hehiredacookandtwolocalwaitresses.24.A)Hehardlyneedstodoanyadvertisingnowadays.B)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.C)HespendshugesumsonTVcommercialseveryyear.第-102-页共102页nD)Hehireschildrentodistributeadsinshoppingcenters.25.A)Therestaurantlocation.C)Thefoodvariety.B)Therestaurantatmosphere.D)Thefoodprice.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itsprotectionisoftenneglectedbychildren.B)Itcannotbefullyrestoredoncedamaged.C)Therearemanyfalsenotionsaboutit.D)Therearevariouswaystoprotectit.27.A)Itmaymakethewearerfeeltired.B)Itwillgraduallyweakentheeyesofadults.第-102-页共102页nC)Itcanleadtothelossofvisioninchildren.D)Itcanpermanentlychangetheeyestructure.28.A)Itcanneverbedoneevenwithhightechnology.B)Itisthebestwaytorestoredamagedeyesight.C)Itisamajorachievementineyesurgery.D)Itcanonlybepartlyaccomplishednow.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Theythinktheyshouldfollowthecurrenttrend.B)Nursinghomesarewell-equippedandconvenient.C)Adultday-carecentersareeasilyaccessible.D)Theyhavejobsandothercommitments.30.A)Theydon'twanttouseupalltheirlifesavings.B)Theyfeartheywillregretitafterwards.C)Theywouldliketospendmoretimewiththem.D)Theydon'twanttoseetheirhusbandspoorlytreated.31.A)Provideprofessionalstandardcare.C)Befrankandseekhelpfromothers.B)Beaffectionateandcooperative.D)Makefulluseofcommunityfacilities.第-102-页共102页nPassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Healthandsafetyconditionsintheworkplace.B)Rightsandresponsibilitiesofcompanyemployees.C)Commoncomplaintsmadebyofficeworkers.D)Conflictsbetweenlaborandmanagement.33.A)Replaceitsout-datedequipment.B)Improvethewelfareofaffectedworkers.C)Followgovernmentregulationsstrictly.D)Provideextrahealthcompensation.34.A)Theyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.B)Theyquitworktoprotecttheirunbornbabies.C)Theysoughthelpfromunionrepresentatives.D)Theywantedtoworkshorterhours.35.A)Toshowhowtheylovewintersports.B)Toattracttheattentionfromthemedia.C)Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.D)Toprotectthemselvesagainstthecoldweather.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforits第-102-页共102页ngeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Contrarytotheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.Italsoslowsdownmoreasyoumovefaster,whichmeansastronauts(宇航员)somedaymay(36)_____solonginspacethattheywouldreturntoanEarthofthe(37)_____future.Ifyoucouldmoveatthespeedoflight,yourtimewouldstandstill.Ifyoucouldmovefasterthanlight,yourtimewouldmove(38)_____.Althoughnoformofmatteryet(39)_____movesasfastasorfasterthanlight,(40)_____experimentshavealreadyconfirmedthataccelerated(41)_____causesatraveler'stimetobestretched.AlbertEinstein(42)_____thisin1905,whenhe(43)_____theconceptofrelativetimeaspartofhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Asearchisnowunderwaytoconfirmthesuspectedexistenceofparticlesofmatter(44)____________________________________.Anobsession(沉迷)withtime–saving,gaining,wasting,losing,第-102-页共102页nandmasteringit–(45)____________________________________.Humanityalsohasbeenobsessedwithtryingtocapturethemeaningoftime.Einstein(46)____________________________________.Thus,timeandtime'srelativityaremeasurablebyanyhourglass,alarmclock,oranatomicclockthatcanmeasureabillionthofasecond.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyths,scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople[47]tosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa(n)[48]effectontheir第-102-页共102页nbrain’sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitformgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond,apsychiatrist(心理医生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidthatolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping[49]straightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is[50]withbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore[51]iftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.“Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整块时间)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto[52]welldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.“It’s[53]amyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheywere[54].Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom[55]togetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That’s[56]formpersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountasweneedat75.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。第-102-页共102页nA)alertI)formallyB)associatedJ)functionC)attractingK)mixedD)clingL）negativeE)continuingM)sufficientF)definitelyN)tendG)differentO)youngerH)efficientlySectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(随机地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentsto第-102-页共102页nengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye-theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommatesweretheretimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendoftheendofthesemester.GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeoftherestudentshaveinterested,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing.第-102-页共102页n“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebly.“Thisisthedefinitionofintergration.”“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合),”therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations.”TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.注意：此部分请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?A)Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.B)Studentsofdifferentracesareagainsteachother.C)Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.第-102-页共102页nD)Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.58.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?A)Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.B)Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.C)Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.59.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow？A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.B)Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.C)Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.D)Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.60.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?A)Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.B)Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshman.C)Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.61.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.第-102-页共102页nB)Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.C)Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.D)Experiencedresidentsadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofheath,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedheathproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeath,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.第-102-页共102页nRogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopinginvulnerable（易受伤害的）regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothcilimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed（有瑕疵的）.”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trippinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangesareoccurringinpoorcountriesaccordingtothereport.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。第-102-页共102页n62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A)Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.B)Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.C)Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthinpoorcountries.D)Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?A)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.B)Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.C)Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.D)Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.C)Itdeservesourclosestattention.B)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.65.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?A)Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B)Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C)ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D)Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.66.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference.A)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobal第-102-页共102页nwarming.B)Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.C)Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions：Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whenitcomestoeatingsmartforyourheart,stopthinkingaboutshort-termfixesandsimplifyyourlifewithastraightforwardapproachthatwillserveyouwellforyearstocome.Smarteatinggoesbeyondanalyzingeverybiteoffoodyoulift[67]yourmouth.“Inthepastweusedtobelievethat[68]amountsofindividualnutrients(营养物)werethe[69]togoodhealth,”saysLindaVanHorn,chairoftheAmericanHeartAssociation’sNutritionCommittee.“Butnowwehavea[70]understandingofhealthyeatingandthekindsoffoodnecessaryto[71]notonlyheartdiseasebutdisease[72]第-102-页共102页ngeneral,”shesaid.Scientistsnow[73]onthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeaten[74]severaldaysoraweek[75]thanonthenumberofmilligrams(毫克)ofthisorthat[76]ateachmeal.Fruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,forexample,providenutrientsandplant-basedcompounds[77]forgoodhealth.“Themorewelearn,themore[78]wearebythewealthofinessentialsubstancesthey[79],”VanHorncontinues,“andhowthey[80]witheachothertokeepushealthy.”You’llautomaticallybe[81]therightheart-healthytrackifvegetables,fruitsandwholegrainsmake[82]therequartersofthefoodonyourdinnerplate.[83]intheremainingonequarterwithlearnmeatorchicken,fishoreggs.Thefoodsyouchoosetoeataswellasthoseyouchoose[84]clearlycontributetoyourwell-being.Withouta[85],eachofthesmalldecisionsyoumakeinthisrealmcanmakeabig[86]onyourhealthintheyearstocome.67.A)betweenB)throughC)insideD)to68.A)seriousB)splendidC)specificD)separate69.A)keyB)pointC)leadD)center第-102-页共102页n70.A)strictB)differentC)typicalD)natural71.A)rescueB)preventC)forbidD)offend72.A)inB)uponC)forD)by73.A)turnB)putC)focusD)carry74.A)overB)alongC)withD)beyond75.A)otherB)betterC)ratherD)sooner76.A)conveyedB)consumedC)enteredD)exhausted77.A)vitalB)initialC)validD)radical78.A)disturbedB)depressedC)amazedD)amused79.A)retainB)containC)attainD)maintain80.A)interfereB)interactC)reckonD)rest第-102-页共102页n81.A)atB)ofC)onD)within82.A)outB)intoC)offD)up83.A)EngageB)FillC)insertD)Pack84.A)deleteB)hinderC)avoidD)spoil85.A)notionB)hesitationC)reasonD)doubt86.A)outcomeB)functionC)impactD)commitmentPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分。87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovethereregulation,(也没有解释为什么).88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplainsandwishesthatshe（能被分配做另一项工作）.89.Johnrescuedthedrowningchild第-102-页共102页n(冒着自己生命危险).90.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit(接电话的却是他的助手).91.Althoughhewasinterestedinphilosophy,(他的父亲说服他)majoringinlaw.WritingOnlineShoppingOnlineshoppingisdefinitelyaprevailingvogueofourtimes,especiallyamongthefashion-consciousyoungpeople,amongwhommanyarecollegestudents.Itisoftenthecasethatstudentsexpectthearrivaloftheirpackagesduringthebreaksoftheirclasses,whosecontentsvaryfrombooks,fashiondressesandcosmetics.Muchoftheirdailyconversationatdormitoriesfocusesononlineshoppingandtheirdailylifehasbecomeinextricablyconnectedwiththisvogue.Admittedly,onlineshoppingoffersawiderangeofconveniences,ascomparedwithconventionalshopping—cheaperprices,greaterefficiency,andrichervarieties,etc.However,itsconveniencescanbecomeitstraps.Forinnocentstudents,thesheerconvenienceofonlineshoppingcanallurethemintowhatiscalled“impulsebuy”—buyingthingswhichare第-102-页共102页nnotgearedtoone’sgenuineneeds.Thiswillleadtohugewastesofmoneyforstudentsintheiralreadylimitedbudgets.Moreover,academicstudiesshouldbestudents’toppriorityand,ifstudentsallowtheironlineshoppingtogrowintoahabit,theirtimeandenergywouldbesignificantlydiverted,andtheirfailuretoconcentrateontheirstudieswouldproduceseriousconsequences.Finally,whenonlineshoppingbecomesavogueamongcollegestudents,itiseasytogenerateconspicuousconsumption,creatinggapsamongstudentswhocomefromdifferentsocialandeconomicbackgrounds.Toalargeextent,thosegapswouldhighlightthesocialinequalitiesintherealworldanditisnothealthyforcollegestudents,whoaresupposedtocontributetosocialequalities,toliveinaworldofinequalities.Onlineshoppinginevitablycarrieswithitcommercialism,consumerism,andmaterialism.Collegestudentsshouldresorttoonlineshoppingonlywhentheirpurchaseneedsareappropriate.Innowayshouldtheyallowonlineshoppingtodominatetheircollegelife.Otherwise,itwouldnotonlyaffecttheirstudiesbutalsodeformtheircharacter.【快速阅读】1.B)Itsbadtaste.第-102-页共102页n2.A)aninadequatesupplyoffood3.B)Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.4.C)allkindsofoverseasvisitors5.C)Newideasandpersentations.6.D)maintainBritishtraditionaltastes7.B)Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms.8.thelocalmarkets9.inaBritishway10.sharetheirmeals【听力理解】2011年6月英语四级真题听力原文（后附答案）SectionA11.    M:Shawn'sbeentryingformonthstofindajob.ButIwonderhowhecouldgetajobwhenhelookslikethat.W:Oh,thatpoorguy!Hereallyshouldshavehimselfeveryotherdayatleastandputonsomethingclean.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutShawn?12.   W:IwishJanewouldcallwhensheknowshe'llbelate.Thisisnotthefirsttimewe'vehadtowaitforher.M:Iagree.Butshedoeshavetodrivethroughveryheavytrafficto第-102-页共102页ngethere.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?13.   M:Congratulations!IheardyourbaseballteamisgoingtotheMiddleAtlanticChampionship.W:Yeah,we'reallworkingrealhardrightnow!Q:Whatisthewoman'steamdoing?14.W:John'sbeenlookingafterhismotherinthehospital.Shewasinjuredinacaraccidenttwoweeksagoandstillincriticalcondition.W：Oh,that'sterrible.Andyouknowhisfatherpassedawaylastyear.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJohn?15.M:Whataboringspeaker!Icanhardlystayawake.W:Well,Idon'tknow.Infact,Ithinkit'sbeenalongtimesinceI'veheardanyoneisgood.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?  16.W:I'mhavingalotoftroublewithlogicanditseemsmyprofessorcan'texplainitinawaythatmakessensetome.M:Youknow,thereisatutoringserviceoncampus.Iwasabouttodropstatisticsbeforetheyhelpedmeout.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?17.M:Thisisastylishovercoat.Isawyouwearingitlastweek,did'tI?第-102-页共102页nW:Oh,thatwasn'tme.ThatwasmysisterJoe.She'sinyourclass.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?18.M:Jane,supposeyoulostallyourmoneywhiletakingavacationoverseas,whatwouldyoudo?W:Well,IguessI'dsellmywatchorcomputerordosomeoddjobstillIcouldaffordareturnplaneticket.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?ConversationOneM:Hello,ProfessorJohnson.W:Hello,Tony,sowhatshallweworkontoday?M:Well,theproblemisthatthiswritingassignmentisn’tcomingoutright.WhatIthoughtIwaswritingonwastotalkaboutwhataparticularsportmeanstomewhenIparticipatein.W:Whatsportdidyouchoose?M:Idecidedtowriteaboutcross-countryskiing.W:Whatareyougoingtosayaboutskiing?M:That’stheproblem.IthoughtIwouldwriteabouthowpeacefulitistobeoutinthecountry.W:Sowhyisthataproblem?M:I’dliketostartdescribinghowquiteitistobeoutinthewoods.I第-102-页共102页nkeepmentioninghowmucheffortittakestokeepgoing.Cross-countryskiingisn’tassimpleassomepeoplethink.Ittakesalotofenergy,butthat’snotheartofmypaper,soIguessIshouldleaveitout.ButnowIdon’tknowhowtoexplainthatfeelingofpeacefulnesswithoutexplaininghowhardyouhavetoworkforit.Itallfitstogether.It’snotlikejustsittingdownsomewhereandwatchingthecloudsrollby.That’sdifferent.W:Thenyouhavetoincludethatinyourpoint.Thepeacefulnessofcross-countryskiingisthekindyouearnbyeffort.Whyleavethatout?Partofthepointyouknewbeforehand,butpartyoudiscoveredasyouwrote.That’scommon,right?M:Yeah,Iguessso.Q19.Whatisthetopicoftheman’swritingassignment?Q20.Whatproblemdoesthemanhavewhileworkingonhispaper?Q21.Whatdoesthewomansayiscommoninwritingpapers?ConversationTwoW:Goodeveningandwelcometothisweek'sBusinessWorld.Itprogramforandaboutbusinesspeople.第-102-页共102页nTonightwehaveMr.AngelenowhocametotheUSsixyearsago,andisnowanestablishedbusinessmanwiththreerestaurantsintown.TellusMr.Angeleno,howdidyougetstarted?M:WellIstartedoffwithasmalldiner.Ididallthecookingmyselfandmywifewaitedontables.Itwasreallytoomuchworkfortwopeople.Mycookingisgreat.Andwordgotaroundtownaboutthefood.Withinayear,Ihadtohireanothercookandfourwaitresses.Whenthatrestaurantbecameverybusy,Idecidedtoexpandmybusiness.Nowwiththreeplacesmymainconcerniskeepingthebusinesssuccessfulandrunningsmoothly.W:Doyouadvertise?M:Ohyes.Idon'thaveanyTVcommercials,becausetheyaretooexpensive.ButIadvertisealotonradioandinlocalnewspapers.Mychildrenusedtodistributeads.innearbyshoppingcentres,butwedon'tneedtodothatanymore.W:Whydoyoubelieveyou'vebeensosuccessful?M:Em,IalwaysservethefreshestpossiblefoodandImaketheatmosphereascomfortableandaspleasant第-102-页共102页nasIcan,sothatmycustomerswillwanttocomeback.W:Soyoualwaysaimtopleasethecustomers?M:Absolutely!WithoutthemIwouldhavenobusinessatall.W:ThankyouMr.Angeleno.Ithinkyouradvicewillbehelpfultothosejuststaringoutinbusiness.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22Whatisthewoman’soccupation23whatdowelearnaboutMr.Angeleno’sbusinessatitsbeginning24whatdoesMr.Angelenosayaboutadvertisinghisbusiness.25Whatdoesthemansaycontributetohissuccess?SectionBPassageOneTherearemanycommonlyheldbeliefsabouteyeglassesandeyesightthatarenotprovenfacts.Forinstance,somepeoplebelievethatwearingglassestoosoonweakenstheeyes.Butthereisnoevidencetoshowthatthestructureofeyesischangedbywearingglassesatayoungage.Wearingthewrongglasses,however,canproveharmful.Studiesshowthatforadultsthereisnodanger,but第-102-页共102页nchildrencandeveloplossofvisioniftheyhaveglassesinappropriatefortheireyes.Wehaveallheardsomeofthecommonmythsabouthoweyesightgetsbad.Mostpeoplebelievethatreadingindimlightcausespooreyesight,butthatisuntrue.Toolittlelightmakestheeyesworkharder,sotheydogettiredandstrained.Eyestrainalsoresultsfromreadingalot,readinginbed,andwatchingtoomuchtelevision.However,althougheyestrainmaycausesomepainorheadaches,itdoesnotpermanentlydamageeyesight.Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbereplaced,ortransferredfromonepersontoanother.Thereareclosetoonemillionnervefibersthatconnecttheeyeballtothebrain,asofyetitisimpossibletoattachthemallinanewperson.Onlycertainpartsoftheeyecanbereplaced.Butifwekeepclearingupthemythsandlearningmoreabouttheeyes,somedayafulltransplantmaybepossible.26.  Whatdoesthespeakerwanttotellusabouteyesight?27.  Whatdostudiesaboutwearingthewrongglassesshow?28.  Whatdowelearnabouteyetransplantingfromthetalk?  PassageTwo第-102-页共102页nWhenpeoplecareforanelderlyrelative,theyoftendonotuseavailablecommunityservicessuchasadultdaycarecenters.Ifthecaregiversareadultchildren,theyaremorelikelytousesuchservices,especiallybecausetheyoftenhavejobsandotherresponsibilities.Incontrast,aspouseusuallythewife,ismuchlesslikelytousesupportservicesortoputthedependentpersoninanursinghome.Socialworkersdiscoverthatthewifenormallytriestotakecareofherhusbandherselfforaslongasshecaninordernottouseuptheirlifesavings.Researchershavefoundthatcaringfortheelderlycanbeaverypositiveexperience.Theelderlyappreciatedthecareandattentiontheyreceived.Theywereaffectionateandcooperative.However,evenwhencaregivingissatisfying,itishardwork.Socialworkersandexpertsonagingoffercaregiversandpotentialcaregivershelpwhenarrangingforthecareofanelderlyrelative.Oneconsiderationistoask  parentswhattheywantbeforetheybecomesickordependent.Perhapstheyprefergoingintoanursinghomeandcanselectoneinadvance.Ontheotherhand,theymaywanttolivewiththeiradultchildren.Caregiversmustalsolearntostatetheirneedsandopinionsclearlyandaskforhelpfromothersespeciallybrothersandsisters.Brothersandsistersareoftenwillingtohelp,buttheymaynotknowwhattodo第-102-页共102页n29.  Whyareadultchildrenmorelikelytousecommunityservicestohelpcareforelderlyparents?30.  Whyaremostwivesunwillingtoputtheirdependenthusbandsintonursinghomes?31.  Accordingtothepassage,whatmustcaregiverslearntodo?PassageThreeSinceaunionrepresentativevisitedourcompanytoinformusaboutourrightsandprotections.Mycoworkershavebeenworryingabouthealthconditionsandcomplainingaboutsafetyhazardsintheworkplace.Severaloftheemployeesinthecomputerdepartment,forexample,claimtobedevelopingvisionproblemsfromhavingtostareatavideodisplayterminalforabout7hoursaday.Thesupervisorofthelaboratoryisbeginningtogetheadachesanddizzyspellsbecauseshesaysit’sdangeroustobreathesomeofthechemicalsmokethere.AnX-raystechnicianisrefusingtodoherjobuntilthefirmagreestoreplaceitsout-datedequipment.Sheinsiststhatit’sexposingworkerstounnecessarilyhighdosesofradiation.第-102-页共102页nShethinksthatshemayhavetocontacttheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationandaskedthatgovernmentagencytoinspectthedepartment.I’veheardthatatafactoryintheareatwopregnantwomenwhowereworkingwithpaintrequestedatransfertoasaferdepartment,becausetheywantedtopreventdamagetotheirunbornbabies.Thesupervisorofpersonnelrefusedtherequest.Inanotherfirmtheworkerswereconstantlycomplainingaboutthemalfunctioningheatingsystem,buttheownerswastoobusyortoomeantodoanythingaboutit.Finally,theyallmetanagreetowearski-clothingtoworkthenextday.Theownerwastooembarrassedtotalktohisemployees.Buthehadtheheatingsystemreplacedrightaway.32Whatdoesthetalkfocuson?33WhatdidtheX-raytechnicianaskhercompanytodo?34Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetwopregnantwomenworkingwithpaint?35Whydidtheworkersinthefirmwearski-clothingtowork?第-102-页共102页nSectionCContrarytotheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.Italsoslowsdownmoreasyoumovefaster,whichmeansastronautssomedaymaysurvivesolonginspacethattheywouldreturntoanEarthofthedistantfuture.Ifyoucouldmoveatthespeedoflight,yourtimewouldstandstill,ifyoucouldmovefasterthanlight,yourtimewouldmovebackward.Althoughnoformofmatteryetdiscovered,movesasfastasorfasterthanlight,scientificexperimentshasalreadyconfirmedthatacceleratedmotioncausesatraveler’stimetobestretched.AlbertEinsteinpredictedthisin1905,whenheintroducedtheconceptofrelativetimeaspartofhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Asearchisnowunderwaytoconfirmthesuspectedexistenceofparticlesofmatterthatmoveataspeedgreaterthanlight.Andtherefore,mightserveasourpassportstothepast.Anobsessionwithtime--saving,gaming,wasting,losingandmasteringit--seemstohavebeenapartofhumanityforaslongashumanhaveexisted.Humanityalsohasbeenobsessedwithtryingtocapturethemeaningoftime.Einsteinusedadefinitionoftimeforexperimentalpurposes,asthatwhichismeasuredbyaclock.Thustimeandtime’srelativityaremeasurablebyanyhourglass,alarmclock,or第-102-页共102页natomicclockthatcanmeasureabillionthofasecond.2011年6月英语四级真题听力答案11.AHeiscarelessabouthisappearance.12.AJanemaybecaughtinatrafficjam.13.ATrainingfortheMi-AtlanticChampionship.14.DHehasbeenhavingahardtime.15.DThewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker.16.CThewomanshouldseekhelpfromthetutoringservice.17.CJillworetheovercoatlastweek.18.BAnimaginarysituation.19.D.Asportheparticipatesin.20.DHecan’tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.21.ANewideascomeupasyouwrite.22.DHostessoftheweekly“BusinessWorld”.23.BHeandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.24.BHeadvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.25.BTherestaurantatmosphere.26.ATherearemanyfalsenotionsaboutit.第-102-页共102页n27.CItcanleadtothelossofvisioninchildren.28.DItcanonlybepartlyaccomplishednow.29.DTheyhavejobsandothercommitments.30.ATheydon’twanttouseupalltheirlifesavings.31.CBefrankandseekhelpfromothers.32.AHealthandsafetyconditionsintheworkplace.33.AReplaceitsout-datedequipment.34.ATheyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.35.CToprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.36.survive37.distant38.backward39.discovered40.scientific41.motion42.predicted43.introduced44.thatmoveataspeedgreaterthanlight,andtherefore,mightserveasourpassportstothepast45.seemstohavebeenapartofhumanityforaslongashumanhaveexisted第-102-页共102页n46.usedadefinitionoftimeforexperimentalpurposes,asthatwhichismeasuredbyaclock【仔细阅读】SECTIONA47.N)tend48.L)negative49.H)efficiently50.B)associated51.A)alert52.J)function53.F)definitely54.O)younger55.E)continuing56.G)differentSECTIONBPASSAGE157.D)Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.58.D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.59.A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.第-102-页共102页n60.D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.61.A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.PASSAGE262.B)Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.63.A)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.64.B)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.65.D)Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.66.D)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.【完型填空】67.A)betweenB)throughC)insideD)to68.A)seriousB)splendidC)special第-102-页共102页nD)separate69.A)keyB)pointC)leadD)center70.A)strictB)differentC)typicalD)natural71.A)rescueB)preventC)forbidD)offend72.A)inB)uponC)for第-102-页共102页nD)by73.A)turnB)putC)focusD)carry74.A)overB)alongC)withD)beyond75.A)otherB)betterC)ratherD)sooner76.A)conveyedB)consumedC)enteredD)exhausted77.第-102-页共102页nA)vitalB)initialC)validD)radical78.A)disturbedB)depressedC)amazedD)amused79.A)retainB)containC)attainD)maintain80.A)interfereB)interactC)reckonD)rest81.A)atB)of第-102-页共102页nC)onD)within82.A)outB)intoC)offD)up83.A)EngageB)FillC)InsertD)Pack84.A)deleteB)hinderC)avoidD)spoil85.A)notionB)hesitationC)reasonD)doubt第-102-页共102页n86.A)outcomeB)functionC)impactD)commitment【翻译】87.anddidnotexplainthereasons,either88.couldbeassignedtodoanotherjob89.riskinghisownlife90.wasansweredbyhisassistant91.hisfathertalkedhiminto第-102-页共102页