2011年12月大学英语六级真题不含答案

2011年12月大学英语六级真题不含答案

2011年12月大学英语六级真题PartII           ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)             (15minutes)Directions: Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson AnswerSheet1. Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfrom thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Google'sPlanforWorld'sBiggestOnlineLibrary:PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomake digitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesin AmericaandEurope - includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexact methoditusesisunclear;thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto"organise theworld'sinformation",soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:"Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehope toexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilya philanthropic (慈善的)exercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays."Butwehaveneverbuilta spreadsheet (电子数据表)outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders."Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion. ButGoogle'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecently emerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshavelevelledtwosets ofcriticismsatGoogle.First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld's booksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.Inarecentessayinthe NewYorkReviewofBooks, RobertDarnton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem.ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecoming miredin (陷入)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakes theJarndyceandJarndycecaseinCharlesDickens' BleakHouse lookstraightforward.Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmost books,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedby copyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthe durationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'sheirsntobenefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,ofcourse,that almostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright – andthelastcentury sawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40million booksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27 millionareoutofprint.OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe"publicdomain"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionof Middlemarch, whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch).But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefence,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright– arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesof thesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy."Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonce authorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"saysPiersBlofeld,oftheSheilLandliteraryagency inLondon."Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbotheringtoask."In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit (集团诉讼)againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages– andtryingtosummariseitisnoeasytask."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"saysBlofeld,oneofthesettlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsandpublishers whoserightsithasbreached(includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks).Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.ThissettlementhandsGooglethepower-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders – toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondeals soldtolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicence.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatareprovingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.Criticspointoutthat,bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller."Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelmann,associateprofessoratNewYorkLawSchool.Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions,Googlecould becomeasignificantforceinbookselling.Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon"orphan"works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder – thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehasscanned. Underthesettlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,commercialcontrolautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemtoindividual buyersundertheconsumerlicence.nItisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbe enacted (执行) – itisthesubjectofafairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,Googlewillineffectbeoffthehookasfaras copyrightviolationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-andthecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.NooneknowsthepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintellectualpropertyithasgainedbyscanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGleick,anAmericansciencewriterandmemberoftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'tevenknowitself.But whatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhavea significantimpactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.A)  toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublicB)  toencouragereadingaroundtheworldC)  tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibrariesD)  topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching2. AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.A)  broadenhumanity'sintellectualhorizonsB)  helpthebroadmassesofreadersC)  revolutionisetheentirebookindustryD)  makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine3. OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_____.A)  non-profitorganisations                               C)multinationalcompaniesB)  theworld'sleadinglibraries                          D)theworld'stechgiants4. Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.A)  thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooksB)  thecopyrightofthebooksitscannedC)  theinterestoftraditionalbooksellersD)  thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks5. Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.A)  itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontentB)  itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholdersC)  makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyrightD)  theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6. WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?A)  ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.B)  Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.nC)  ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.D)  Itcouldleadtomoreout-of-courtsettlementsofsuchdisputes.7. Whatremainedcontroversialaftertheclassactionsuitended?A)  Thecompensationforcopyrightholders.B)  ThechangeinGoogle'sbusinessmodel.C)  Google'sfurtherexploitationofitsdatabase.D)  Thecommercialprovisionsofthesettlement.8.While_____,Googlemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.9.Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarenotknownarecalled_____.10.Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendously_____inthefuture. PartIII                        ListeningComprehension          (35minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11. A)Cancelthetriptoprepareforthetest.B)  ReviewhisnotesoncehearrivesinChicago.C)  Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.D)  Prepareforthetestafterthewedding.12. A)Thewomanwillhelpthemanrememberthelines.B)  Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.C)  Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.D)  Thewomanwillpromptthemanduringtheshow.13.A)Preparationsforanoperation.                   C)Arrangingabedforapatient.B)Acomplicatedsurgicalcase.              D)Rescuingthewoman'suncle.14.A)Heisinterestedinimprovinghiseditingskills.B)  Heiseagertobenominatedtheneweditor.C)  HeissuretodoabetterjobthanSimon.D)  Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15. A)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.B)  Hehasalreadyreachedtheretirementage.nC)  Hemadeastupiddecisionatthecabinetmeeting.D)  HehasbeensuccessfullyelectedPrimeMinister.16. A)Thisyear'sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceexploration.B)  Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.C)  Theshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveworldwide.D)  Themanisexcitedatthenewsoftheshuttleflight.17. A)Atanautorescuecenter.                          C)Atasuburbangarage.B)Atacarrentingcompany.                         D)Atamountaincamp.18. A)Hegothisspeakersfixed.                         C)HelistenedtosomeseriousmusicB)Hewentshoppingwiththewoman.           D)Heboughtastereosystem. Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Providingaidtothedisabled.B)  Printinglabelsformanufacturedgoods.C)      Promotingproductsformanufacturers.D)     Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20. A)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.B)     Allofthemaremanufacturedinhisownplant.C)     Thekitchenwareinhisshopisofuniquedesign.D)    Abouthalfofthemareunavailableonthemarket.21. A)Theyspecialiseinoneproductonly.           C)TheyrunchainstoresincentralLondon.B)TheyhaveoutletsthroughoutBritain.          D)Theysellbymailorderonly. Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itpublishesmagazines.                             C)Itrunssalespromotioncampaigns.B)Itsponsorstradefairs.                             D)Itisengagedinproductdesign.23.A)Theadspecificationshadnotbeengivenindetail.B)      Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.C)      Thewoman'scompanyfailedtomakepaymentsintime.D)     Organisingthepromotionwasreallytime-consuming.24.A)Extendthecampaigntonextyear.             C)Runanotherfour-weekcampaign.B)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.                D)Givehera10percentdiscount.25.A)Stopnegotiatingforthetimebeing.          C)ReflectontheirrespectivemistakesB)Calmdownandmakepeace.                      D)Improvetheirpromotionplans. SectionBnDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26. A)Theylookspotlesslycleanthroughouttheirlives.B)      Theyarelookedafterbyanimal-careorganizations.C)      Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.D)     Theyarelabeledpetanimalsbytheresearchers.27. A)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.B)      Theymaybehaveabnormally.C)      Theymaybreedoutofcontrol.D)     Theymaycausedamagetotheenvironment.28.A)Whentheybecomeescapees.                     C)Whentheygettooold.B)Whentheyarenolongeruseful.                 D)Whentheybecomeill.29.A)Whilelaunchinganimalprotectioncampaigns,theyweretrappingkitchenmice.B)      Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.C)      Whileadvocatingfreedomforanimals,theykepttheirpetmouseinacage.D)     Whilecallingforanimalrights,theyallowedtheirkidstokeeppetanimals. PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theytakeitforgranted.                           C)Theycontributemosttoit.B)Theyarecrazyaboutit.                             D)Theyoftenfindfaultwithit.31.A)Heatandlight.                                        C)Historicalcontinuity.B)Economicprosperity.                                D)Tidalrestlessness.32.A)Theyfindthecityalientothem.B)  Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.C)      Theylackknowledgeofthecultureofthecity.D)     Theyhavedifficultysurviving. PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.n33.A)Apoliticaldebate.                                   C)Adocumentary.B)Afootballgame.                                      D)Amurdermystery.34.A)Itenhancesfamilyrelationships.               C)Ithelpsbroadenone’shorizons.B)Itisasheerwasteoftime.                         D)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.A)HewatchesTVprogramsonlyselectively.B)  Hecan'tresistthetemptationofTVeither.C)      Hedoesn'tlikewatchingsportsprograms.D)     Heisnotamanwhocankeephispromise.SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisread forthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitheruse theexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourown words.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhat youhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytoworkona micro-scale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinsidethehumanbodyto(36) _____ healthproblemsortoperform(37) _____ surgery.Repaircrewsdidnothave awayof(38) _____brokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-rise(39)_____ building. However,that'sabouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshavestarteda microminiature (超微) (40) _____thatallowsscientiststoenvision– andinsomecasesactuallybuild – microscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromiseto(41)_____ changethewayweliveandwork.Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700tiny(42) _____motors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshaveperfectedtheworld'sfirstmicroscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthroughaperson'sblood(43) _____,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveoftheheartitself.(44) ______________________________________________________________________.Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevices_______________________________________________________(45)___________________________________________________________________________.Somefuturistsenvision nanotechnology (纳米技术)alsobeingusedto explorethedeepseainsmallsubmarines,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiatureinstruments.Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications.So,(46) _________________________________________________________________________________________.PartIV                 ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)          (25minutes)nSectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Pleasewriteyouranswerson AnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalcapabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat"howthingsgetdone"influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDrucker,coinedthephrase"Managementisdoingthingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings,"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms.WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,exploredleadershipstylesinthepastdecade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.His SevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople becameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadership paradigm (范例),whichheobservedcenteredontraitsfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonalityethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonintegrity,modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,andsoforth.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness,itisvitalthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue.Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto"putfirstthingsfirst,"whichimpliesthatbeforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbeseenastrustworthy.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.   Tobegoodleaders,managersmustpaycloseattentiontotheirown_____.48.   AccordingtoPeterDrucker,leadersshouldbegoodat_____.49.   Thepersonalityethicsuggeststhatpeoplearelikelytosucceediftheyhave_____.50.   AccordingtoStephenCovey,leaderswhohopetoachieveoutstandingsuccessneedfirstofallto_____.51.   Goodleadershiprequiresonetoknowone'sownstrengthsandbeabletowinpeople's_____.SectionBDirections: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.nWhat'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate? China"}India!Brazil! Howabout trade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession– areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates – butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade– moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates – isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,                                                            and logistics (物流) haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets– whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice – agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet– andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)  ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)  ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)  ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)  Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53. Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?nA)  ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)  ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)      Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)     Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54. Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)  Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)  Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)      Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)     Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55. WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?A)  Competitionfromoverseas.                             C)Slacktradeactivities.B)  People'sreluctancetospend.                            D)Decreasingproductivity.56. Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)  Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)  Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)      Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)     Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.PassageTwoQuestions57 to 61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnew knowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.We shouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies. IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhD graduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenceincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourcenconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-led andcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercialisation workcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economic andenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertise inordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercialisationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercialisationwork.Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould, playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialisation?A)     Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.B)      Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.C)      Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.D)     Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.58. WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialisation?A)     Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.B)      ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.C)      Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.D)     Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.59. WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto _____.A)     governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversitiesB)      compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustriesC)      fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsD)     concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities60. Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?A)     Publicisetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.B)      Fullyutilisetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.C)      Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.D)     Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.61. HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?A)     Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.nB)      Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.C)      Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.D)     Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.PartV                                Cloze                                  (15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Ifyouknowwheretofindagoodplastic-freeshampoo,canyoutellJeanneHaegele?LastSeptember,the28-year-oldChicagoresident __62__ tocutplasticsoutofherlife.Themarketingcoordinatorwasconcernedabout__63__thechemicalscomingoutofsomecommontypesofplasticmightbedoingtoherbody.Shewasalsoworriedaboutthedamagealltheplastic__64__wasdoingtotheenvironment.Soshe__65__onherbikeandrodetothenearestgrocerystoretoseewhatshecouldfindthatdidn't__66__plastic."Iwentinand__67__boughtanything,"Haegelesays.Shedid__68__somecannedfoodanda carton (纸盒) ofmilk–todiscoverlaterthatbothcontainerswere__70__withplastic resin (树脂)."Plastic,"shesays,"justseemedlikeitwasineverything."She'sright.Backinthe1960s,plasticwaswell__71__itswaytobecomingastapleofAmericanlife.TheU.S.produced28milliontonsofplasticwastein2005–27milliontonsofwhich__72__in landfills (垃圾填埋场).Ourfoodandwatercome__73__inplastic.It'susedinourphonesandourcomputers,thecarswedriveandtheplanesweridein.Butthe__74__adaptablesubstancehasitsdark side.Environmentalistsfeelworriedaboutthepetroleumneededtomakeit.Parentsworryaboutthe possibilityof__75__chemicalsmakingtheirway from 76plasticintochildren'sbloodstreams. WhichmeansHaegeleisn'ttheonlypersontrying tocutplasticoutofherlife–sheisn't__77__the onlyonebloggingaboutthiskindof__78__.Butthosewho'vetriedknowit's__79__fromeasytogo plastic-free."Thesethingsseemtobesocommon __80__itispracticallyimpossibletoavoidcoming into__81__withthem,"saysFrederickvomSaal,a biologistattheUniversityofMissouri.62.A)resolved           B)recovered        C)removed           D)retreated63.A)when         B)what                 C)who                  D)why64.A)essence             B)unit                  C)crust                 D)rubbish65.A)hinged              B)hopped             C)stretched           D)dipped66.A)include             B)induce              C)compose           D)consist67.A)slightly             B)nearly        C)roughly             D)barely68.A)pursue              B)prescribe           C)preserve            D)purchase69.A)rather        B)ever                  C)merely              D)only70.A)probed             B)coupled             C)lined                 D)combined71.A)by             B)over                 C)on                    D)under72.A)endedup   B)pulledup          C)putup        D)setupn73.A)trapped             B)adapted             C)wrapped            D)adopted74.A)interactively       B)remotely           C)infinitely           D)resolutely75.  A)sensible            B)toxic                 C)attractive           D)absurd76.       A)household  B)family              C)internal             D)civil77.       A)hardly              B)largely              C)even                 D)still78.       A)endeavor   B)recreation          C)accomplishmentD)diligence79.       A)well          B)little                 C)far                    D)much80.       A)while        B)which        C)but                   D)that81.       A)fashion             B)approach           C)contact              D)agreement PartVI                               Translation                         (5minutes)Directions: CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.Pleasewriteyourtranslationon Answ&rSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________(也许会被车撞倒的).33.Bynomeans______________________________(他把自己当成专家) althoughheknowsalotaboutthefield.84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshavemadeforhim,______________________________(把他们所做的视作理所当然).85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother ______________________________(不干涉她的婚姻).86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfoundhimself______________________________(经常上网查找信息).