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2011年12月大学英语四级真题答案汇总
PartIWriting 【标准版】NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill PartII ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning) 1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______。 A)stickstothemintheirdailylife B)makesthemknowntoothers C)understandstheirtruevalues D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem 【答案】A)stickstothemintheirdailylife 【解析】第一题的答案就在全文第一句。关键词是notonly….Butalso….，关键句是Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.这里的liveupto和选项里的stickto属于同义替换。 2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships? A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit B)Itfacilitatescommunication C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust D)Itinspiresmutualrespect 【答案】C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust 【解析】关键词是personalandprofessional，关键句是Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals。 结合紧接着的问句，我们很容易锁定trust这个选项。 3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？ A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices。n B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress。 C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules。 D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble。 【答案】A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices。 【解析】关键词是identifytherisks，关键句是Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.所以答案很明显是A。 4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______? A.ithascausednoharm。 B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional。 C.ithasgoneunnoticed。 D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions。 【答案】B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional。 【解析】关键词是misconduct，关键句是Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.和原文意义高度一致的，就是这个unintentional。因此答案是：B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional。 5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself? A.Avoidmakingexcuses。 B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice。 C.Makehisintensionspublic。 D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder。 【答案】A.Avoidmakingexcuses。 【解析】关键词是fooloneself，关键句是Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest这里的watchoutfor和选项里的avoid属于同义替换。所以答案是A。 6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______。 A.willoftenbecomemorecautiousn B.areusuallyveryaggressive C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost。 D.mayloseeverythingintheend 【答案】C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost。 【解析】关键词是regretlater，关键句是Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme")。很明显，选项valueimmediatebenefitsmost是正确答案。这里的value和focuson属于同义替换。 7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______。 A)paymoredearly B)becomemoreconfident C)bewidelyadmired D)feelsomewhatlucky 【答案】A)paymoredearly 【解析】关键词是getcaught，关键句是Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.这里的higherprice和选项里的moredearly属于同义替换。所以答案是A。 8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowtostealagrade。 【答案】stealagrade 【解析】关键词：careabout 关键句：I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers." 9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’shonestyandgoodfaith。 【答案】honestyandgoodfaith 【解析】关键词是relyon，关键句是Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday。 10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal。n 【答案】theWatergatescandal 【解析】关键词是politicalandeconomicleaders，关键句是Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole。 PartIIIListeningComprehension SectionA 11. W:Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletelyconfused.Ican’tfigureoutwhenmybustoClevelandleaves? M:Whydon’tyoujustgototheticketwindowandask? Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando? 【答案】B)Goandaskthestaff。 【解析】这是一道事实细节题。从对话中可知，女士搞不清楚列车时刻表，男士建议她去售票窗口咨询。ticketwindow售票窗口。 12. W:IreallyenjoyedtheTVspecialaboutdraftslastnight.Didyougethomeintimetoseeit? W:Oh,yes,butIwishIcouldhavestayedawakelongenoughtoseethewholething。 Q:Whatdoesthemanmean? 【答案】A)HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram。 【解析】这是道推理判断题，考查男士的言下之意以及虚拟语气。couldhavedone意为本可以做某事，但未做。从对话中可知，男士确实回家看了电视节目，但是他说道：IwishIcouldhavestayedawakelongenoughtoseethewholething.我真希望自己当时能再晚点睡着，这样我就可以看完整场节目了。说明他没有看完整场节目就睡着了。 13. W:Airport,please.I’mrunningalittlelate.Sojusttakethefastestwayevenifit’snotthemostdirect。 M:Sure,butthereisalotoftrafficeverywheretodaybecauseofthefootballgame。 Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?n 【答案】B)Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight。 【解析】这是道场景题，略有难度。刚开始，我们还无法很快判断出该对话发生的场景，很多同学一听到airport可能会误以为对话发生在机场，但如果我们继续听下去，就会发现，该对话应该发生在出租车上，因为女士说了句“请选择最快的路”，而男士说“因为有球赛，所以到处都交通拥堵”可以帮助我们再次确认对话发生的场景。选项A不对，原文是说要挑thefastestway哪怕不是themostdirectway；选项C也不准确，才刚上车，并没有拥堵，司机只是提前说明因为球赛会碰到拥堵；选项D错误，女士是为了赶去乘飞机的，而不是去看球赛。 14. W:MayImakearecommendation,sir?Ourseafoodwiththisspecialsauceisverygood。 M:Thankyou,butIdon’teatshellfish.I’mallergictoit。 Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace? 【答案】A)Atarestaurant 【解析】这是道场景题，较为简单。从对话中可知，女士希望向男士推荐一道菜，从首句中即可推断出该对话最有可能发生在餐馆中，男士说，他过敏，不吃贝壳类海鲜，可以帮助我们再次确认对话发生的场景。 15. W:Nowonemorequestionifyoudon’tmind,whatpositioninthecompanyappealstoyoumost? M:Well,I’dlikethepositionofsalesmanagerifthatpositionisstillvacant。 Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman? 【答案】A)Heisbeinginterviewedforajob。 【解析】这是较为简单的细节推理题。从position,company这几个关键词中，我们就可以快速判断出此题的场景为面试，因此男士应该正在接受一场面试。C选项错误，他想要销售经理的职位，但并不表示他本身就是销售经理。 16. M:Idon’tthinkIwanttoliveinthedormitorynextyear.Ineedmoreprivacy。 W:Iknowwhatyoumean.Butcheckoutthecostifrentinganapartmentfirst.Iwon’tbesurprisedifyouchangeyourmind。n Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply? 【答案】B)Themanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitory。 【解析】这是推理判断题，询问女士的言下之意。最后一句，女士表示“你改变主意的话，我不会觉得奇怪”，可知，男士不太可能搬出宿舍。A选项是个干扰项，虽然该选项看上去意思和B选项差不多，但对话中并没有提到男士想找一个更安静的地方，他想搬离寝室，是为了更多的个人空间。 17. M:You’reontherighttrack.Ijustthinkyouneedtonarrowthetopicdown。 W:Yeah,you’reright.IalwaysstartbychoosingtwoboardertopicswhenI’mdoingaresearchpaper。 Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation? 【答案】D)Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused。 【解析】这是推理判断题。从对话中可知，男士希望女士缩小主题的范围，女士回答“你是对的。”说明女士会采纳男士的建议，缩小主题。 18. W:Thispicnicshouldbeatthelastonewewentto,doesn’tit? M:Oh,yeah,wehadtospendthewholetimeinside.Goodthing,theweatherwascooperativethistime。 Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation? 【答案】B)Theydidn’tquiteenjoytheirlastpicnic。 【解析】这是推理判断题。beat一词是个难点，beat本意有“打败”的意思，这次的野餐打败了上次，即这次比上次好，下文中，男士说“上次我们不得不呆在室内，但这次天气不错。”可以再次确认他们不喜欢上次的野餐，因此，正确答案为B。 19. A)HelikesSwedenbetterthanEngland。 B)Heprefershotweathertocoldweather。 C)HeisanEnglishlivinginSweden。n D)HevisitsLondonnearlyeverywinter。 19.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation? 【答案】B)Heprefershotweathertocoldweather。 【解析】本题为推断题。根据文章大意可推断得出。整篇文章中，分别有两处暗示信息，一处是男士说，“SwedishpeoplealwayscomplainthatwhentheyvisitEngland,thehousesarecoldeveninthegoodwinter。”，瑞典人在冬天去拜访英格兰时，会抱怨英格兰室温太冷。另一处是男士在谈到冬天天气时，说道：“Itissometimesabitdepressing。”长时间寒冷的天气令人沮丧。因此可推断得出，男士更喜欢hotweather，热天气。所以，答案为：Heprefershotweathertocoldweather。 20. A)Thebadweather B)Thecoldhouses。 C)Thegloomywinter。 D)Thelongnight。 20.WhatdoSwedishpeoplecomplainaboutwhentheyvisitEnglandinwinter? 【答案】B)Thecoldhouses。【解析】对话中，当男士介绍瑞典的极寒天气时，谈到只要穿暖，出门很暖，而室内更暖和，为了强调这一观点，男士继续说道：“SwedishpeoplealwayscomplainthatwhentheyvisitEngland,thehousesarecoldeveninthegoodwinter。”说是瑞典人在冬天去拜访英格兰时，会抱怨英格兰室温太冷。所以，答案为：Thecoldhouses。 21. A)Delightful。 B)Painful。 C)Depressing。 D)Refreshing。 21.HowdoesthemandescribetheshorthourofdaylightaroundChristmasinSweden? 【答案】C)Depressing。n 【解析】女士问：“Andwhataboutthedarkness?”男士答道：“aroundChristmastimethere’sonlyonehourofdaylight,soyoureallylooksforwardtothespring。”临近圣诞节的时候，每天仅有一小时为白天，所以人们都非常向往春天，希望春天快点到来。然后，进一步强调性地评论道：“Itissometimesabitdepressing。”有时候真有点令人沮丧。因此，本题答案为：Depressing。 22. A)Theyoftenstayuplatereading。 B)Theyworkhardandplayhard。 C)Theyliketogocampinginsummer。 D)Theytrytoearnmoreandspendmore。 22.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheSwedishpeople? 【答案】B)Theyworkhardandplayhard。 【解析】男士在谈到瑞典的极昼天气时，着重谈了瑞典人在极昼天气的工作情况，并进一步对瑞典人的工作习惯进行了评价。男士说道：“They’dliketoworkhard,butplayhard,too。”瑞典人既能在工作时努力工作，又能在能玩时拼命玩。所以，本题答案为：Theyworkhardandplayhard。 23.A)Management。 B)French C)Englishliterature D)PublicAdministration 23.Whatwastheman’smajoratuniversity? 【答案】B)French。 【解析】细节题。在第二轮对话中，女士问，“whatwasyoureducationalbackground?”你是什么教育背景，男士回答说：“IdidadegreeinFrenchatNottingham。”我在诺丁汉大学攻读了法语学位，所以男士的专业是French。 24.A)Englishteaching。 B)Stafftraining。 C)Careersguidance。n D)Psychologicalcounseling 24.Whatwastheman’sjobinsecondaryschools? 【答案】C)careersguidance。 【解析】细节题。在说完“IdidadegreeinFrenchatNottingham。”之后，男士又接着说“Afterthat,Ididcareersguidanceinsecondaryschools。”因此，此题的答案应为：careersguidance。 25.A)Itspleasantenvironment。 B)Itsworldwidefame。 C)Itsgenerousscholarship。 D)Itswell-designedcourses。 25.WhatattractedthemantoNottinghamUniversity? 【答案】B)Itspleasantenvironment。 【解析】细节题。女士问：“IsthereanyreasonwhyyouwenttoNottinghamUniversity?”你去诺丁汉大学是出于什么原因？男士在回答中说到，诺丁汉是我心中理想大学之一。紧接着他就说道：“AndIlikethelookofit。”还进一步补充说明道：“Thecampusisjustbeautiful.”因此，男士是因被其优雅环境所吸引而选择去诺丁汉大学。所以，本题的答案为：Itspleasantenvironment。 Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。 26.WhatdidObcamp’sspeechfocuson? A)CharacteristicsofJapaneseartists B)SomefeaturesofJapaneseculture C)TheartofJapanesebrushpainting D)TheuniquenessofJapaneseart 【答案】C)TheartofJapanesebrushpainting 27.WhydoJapaneselistenerssometimesclosetheireyeswhilelisteningtoaspeech? A)Tocalmthemselvesdown B)Toenhanceconcentrationn C)Toshowtheirimpatience D)Tosignaltheirlackofinterest 【答案】B)Toenhanceconcentration。 28.Whatdoesthespeakertrytoexplain? A)Howlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespect B)Howspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheaudience C)Howspeakerscanmisunderstandtheaudience D)HowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsare 【答案】A)Howlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespect。 Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。 29.WhatisChris’smainresponsibilityatTaxlongCompany? A)Directingpersonnelevaluation。 B)Buyingandmaintainequipment。 C)Drawingupplansforin-servicetraining。 D)Interviewingandrecruitingemployees。 【答案】B)Buyingandmaintainequipment。 30.WhatproblemdidChrisencounterinhisDivision? A)Someofhisequipmentwasdamagedinafire。 B)Thetrainingprogramheranwasfailure。 C)Twoofhisworkerswereinjuredatwork。 D)Twoofhisemployeescommittedtheft。 【答案】D)Twoofhisemployeescommittedtheft。 31.WhatdoesChrishopeforinthenearfuture? A)Abetterrelationshipwithhisboss。n B)Advancementtoahigherposition C)Abetter-payingjobinanothercompany D)Improvementinthecompany’smanagement 【答案】B)Advancementtoahigherposition。 32WhatdowelearnaboutKimfromthepassage? A)Shehasmoreself-confidencethanChris。 B)SheworkswithChrisinthesamedivision。 C)ShehasmoremanagementexperiencethanChris。 D)SheiscompetingwithChrisforthenewjob。 【答案】D)SheiscompetingwithChrisforthenewjob。 Questions32-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。 33.Whyareproverbssoimportant? A)Theyhelpusseetheimportantvaluesofaculture。 B)Theyguideusinhandlinghumanrelationships。 C)Theyhelpusexpressourselvesmoreeffectively。 D)Theyareaninfinitesourceofhumanknowledge。 【答案】A)Theyhelpusseetheimportantvaluesofaculture。 34.Accordingtothespeakerwhathappenstosomeproverbswiththepassageoftime? A)Theirwordingsmaybecomedifferent。 B)Thevaluestheyreflectmaychange。 C)Theiroriginscannolongerbetraced。 D)Theymaybemisinterpreted。 【答案】B)Thevaluestheyreflectmaychange。 35.Whatdowelearnfromthestudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworld?n A) C) D) 【答案】 PartVCloze Employersfeartheywillbeunablerecruitstudentswiththeskillstheyneedastheeconomicrecoverykicksin,anewsurvey67.reveals。 Nearlyhalfoforganizationstoldresearcherstheywerealreadystrugglingtofind68.staffwithskillsinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(STEM)，69.whileevenmorecompaniesexpecttoexperience70.shortagesofemployeeswithStemskillsinthenextthreeyears。 TheConfederationofBritishIndustryandthevocationalqualificationsbodyEDI71.surveyed694organizationsacrossthepublicand72.privatesectors,whichtogetheremploy2.4millionpeople。 Halfare73.concernedtheywillnotbeabletofillgraduatepostsinthecomingyears,whileathirdsaidtheywouldnotbeableto74.recruitenoughemployeeswiththerightA-levelskills。 "75.Aswemovefurtherintorecoveryandbusinessesplan76.forgrowth,thedemandforpeoplewithhigh-qualityskillsandqualificationswill77.intensify,"saidRichardLambert,directorgeneral,CBI。 "Inthefuture,peoplewithqualificationsinscienceandmathswillbeparticularlysoughtafter,andfirmssayitisalreadyhardtofindpeoplewiththeright78.technicalorengineeringskills.Thenewgovernmentmustmakeitatop79.prioritytoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudyscience-related80.subjects." Thesurveyfoundthatyoungpeoplewouldimprovetheirjobprospects81.iftheystudiedbusinessstudies,maths,EnglishandphysicsorchemistryatA-level.TheA-levelsthatemployers82.rateleastarepsychologyandsociology.Andwhilemanyemployersdon'tinsistona83.particulardegreesubject,athirdprefertohirethosewithaStem-relatedsubject。 Theresearch84.highlightedworriesaboutthelackofprogressinimprovingbasicskillsintheUK85.workforce.Halfofemployersexpressedworriesaboutemployees'basicliteracyandnumeracyskills,whilethebiggestproblemiswithITskills,86.wheretwo-thirdsreportedconcerns。 【评析】这是一篇讨论“雇主和他们所需要的大学生技能”的文章。今年四级的完型填空，涉及5处名词，2处介词，6处动词，4处形容词和3处副词。第82题稍难，像80和85都可以通过上下文判断出来，其余部分只要在句子内部或者句子之间进行上下文逻辑比n对或语法搭配，即可完成。词义辨析考查较多，考查学生词汇的储备量，因此，考生要特别注意四级词汇的牢固掌握。 PartVITranslation 87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiestoraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake.(为地震幸存者筹款) 【解析】本题考察动词raise的用法。raisemoney表示“筹款”。同时考生要注意survivor(幸存者)的拼写。 88.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail(不可能收到我的电子邮件)，otherwise,shecouldhavereplied。 【解析】本题考察混合型虚拟语气。otherwise提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实相反(事实是Linda没有回复)，因此用could+have+过去分词。句子前半句是在陈述一种事实，从句子后半句couldhave+过去分词我们可以推断前面“没有收到我的电子邮件”也是在发生在过去，且对现在产生了影响(还没有收到回信)，因此这里用现在完成时，couldhave+过去分词。 89.It’smymotherwho/thatkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy。 【解析】本题考察了强调句型和动词encourage的搭配。①强调句型it’s…that/who…②encouragesb.(not)todosth.鼓励某人(不)做某事。 90.Thepublishinghousehastoconsiderthepopularityofthisnovel.(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。 【解析】本题考察了“考虑”的表达，可以用动词consider，也可以用词组take…intoconsideration。同时考生要注意名词popularity(受欢迎程度)的拼写。 91.It’swrongtodefinehappinessonlybymoney。(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福) 【解析】本题考察了“定义”的表达，为define。 听力原文：PartIIIListeningComprehension SectionA Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre。n 11. W:Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletelyconfused.Ican’tfigureoutwhenmybustoClevelandleaves? M:Whydon’tyoujustgototheticketwindowandask? Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?12. W:IreallyenjoyedtheTVspecialaboutdraftslastnight.Didyougethomeintimetoseeit? W:Oh,yes,butIwishIcouldhavestayedaweeklongenoughtoseethewholething。 Q:Whatdoesthemanmean? 13. W:Airport,please.I’mrunningalittlelate.Sojusttakethefastestwayevenifit’snotthemostdirect。 M:Sure,butthereisalotoftrafficeverywheretodaybecauseofthefootballgame。 Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation? 14. W:MayImakearecommendation,sir?Ourseafoodwiththisspecialsauceisverygood。 M:Thankyou,butIdon’teatshellfish.I’mallergictoit。 Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace? 15.W:nowonemorequestionifyoudon’tmind,whatpositioninthecompanyappealstoyoumost? M:Well,I’dlikethepositionofsalesmanagerifthatpositionisstillvacant。 Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman? 16.M:Idon’tthinkIwanttoliveinthedormitorynextyear.Ineedmoreprivacy。 W:Iknowwhatyoumean.Butcheckoutthecostifrentinganapartmentfirst.Iwon’tbesurprisedifyouchangeyourmind。 Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?n 17.M:You’reontherighttrack.Ijustthinkyouneedtonarrowthetopicdown。 W:Yeah,you’reright.IalwaysstartbychoosingtwoboardertopicswhenI’mdoingaresearchpaper。 Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation? 18.W:Thispicnicshouldbeatthelastonewewentto,doesn’tit? M:Oh,yeah,wehadtospendthewholetimeinside.Goodthing,theweatherwascooperativethistime。 Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation? ConversationOne M:WhenIsayIliveinSweden,peoplealwayswanttoknowabouttheseasons。 W:Theseasons? M:Yeah,youknowhowcolditisinwinter?Whatisitlikewhenthedaysaresoshort? W:Sowhatisitlike? M:Well,itiscold,verycoldinwinter.Sometimesitiscoldas26degreesbelowcentigrade.Andofcoursewhenyougoout,you’llwrapupwarm.Butinsideinthehousesit’salwaysverywarm,muchwarmerthanathome.SwedishpeoplealwayscomplainthatwhentheyvisitEngland,thehousesarecoldeveninthegoodwinter。 W:Andwhataboutthedarkness? M:Well,yeah,aroundChristmastimethere’sonlyonehourofdaylight,soyoureallylooksforwardtothespring.Itissometimesabitdepressing.Butyouseethesummersareamazing,fromMaytoJulyintheNorthofSwedenthesunneversets.It’sstilllightinthemidnight.Youcanwalkinthemountainsandreadanewspaper。 W:Oh,yeah,thelandofthemidnightsun。 M:Yeah,that’sright,butit’swonderful.Youwon’tstayupallnight.AndtheSwedesmakesmostofitoftentheystartedworkearlierinsummerandthenleaveatabout2or3intheafternoon,sothattheycanreallyenjoythelongsummerevenings.They’dliketoworkhard,butplayhard,too.IthinkLondonersworklongerhours,butI’mnotsurethisisagoodthing。 Q19:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation? Q20:WhatdoSwedishpeoplecomplainaboutwhentheyvisitEnglandinwinter?n Q21:HowdoesthemandescribetheshorthourofdaylightaroundChristmasinSweden? Q21:WhatdoesthemansayabouttheSwedishpeople? ConversationTwo W:Whatkindoftrainingdoesoneneedtogointothistypeofjob? M:That’saverygoodquestion.Idon’tthinkthereisany,specifically. W:Forexample,inyourcase,whatisyoureducationalbackground? M:Well,IdidadegreeinFrenchatNottingham.Afterthat,Ididcareersworkinsecondaryschoolslikethecareersguidancepeoplehereisintheuniversity.ThenIwentintolocalgovernmentbecauseIfoundIwasmoreinterestedintheadministrativeside.Thenprogressedontouniversities.Sotherewasn’tanyplanandtherewasnospecifictraining.Thereareplentyoftrainingcoursesinmanagementtechniquesandcommitteeworkwhichyoucanattendnow. W:Butinthefirstplace,youdidaFrenchdegree. M:Inmytime,therewasn’tadegreeyoucoulddoforadministration.IthinkmostoftheadministratorsI’vecomeacrosshavedegreesandallsortsofthings. W:Well,Iknowinmycase,IdidanEnglishliteraturedegreeandIdidn’treallyexpecttoendupdoingwhatIamdoingnow. M:Quite。 W:ButyouarelocaltoNottingham,actually?IsthereanyreasonwhyyouwenttoNottinghamUniversity? M:No,no,IcomefromthenorthofEngland,fromwestYorkshire.NottinghamwasoneoftheuniversitiesIputonmylist.AndIlikethelookofit.Thecampusisjustbeautiful. W:Yes,indeed.Let’ssee.WereyoufromtheindustrialpartofYorkshire? M:Yes,fromthewoolendistrict。 Q23.Whatwastheman’smajoratuniversity? Q24:Whatwastheman’sjobinsecondaryschools? Q25:WhatattractedthemantoNottinghamUniversity? SectionBn PassageOne WhileGailObcamp,anAmericanartistwasgivingaspeechontheartofJapanesebrushpaintingtoanaudiencethatincludedvisitorsfromJapan,shewasconfusedtoseethatmanyofherJapaneselistenershavetheireyesclosed.WeretheytunedoffbecauseanAmericanhadthenervetoinstructJapaneseintheirownartformortheydeliberatelytriedtosignaltheirrejectionofher?Obcamplaterfoundoutthatherlistenerswerenotbeingdisrespectful.Japaneselistenerssometimesclosedtheireyestoenhanceconcentration.Herlistenerswereshowingtheirrespectforherbychewingonherwords.SomedayyoumaybeeitheraspeakeroralistenerinasituationinvolvingpeoplefromothercountriesormembersofminoritygroupinNorthAmerica.Learninghowdifferentculturessignalrespectcanhelpyouavoidmisunderstandings.Herearesomeexamples.InthedeafcultureofNorthAmerica,manylistenersshowapplausenotbyclappingtheirhandsbutbywavingthemintheair.Insomecultures,bothoverseasandinsomeminoritygroupsinNorthAmerica,listenersareconsidereddisrespectfuliftheylookdirectlyatthespeaker.Respectisshownbylookinginthegeneraldirectionbutavoidingdirecteyecontact.Insomecountries,whistlingbylistenersisasignofapprovalwhileinothercourtiersitisaformofinsult。 Questions: 26,WhatdidObcamp’sspeechfocuson? 27,WhydoJapaneselistenerssometimesclosetheireyeswhilelisteningtoaspeech? 28,Whatdoesthespeakertrytoexplain? PassageTwo ChrisisinchargeofpurchasingandmaintainingequipmentinhisDivisionatTaxlongCompany.Heissoongoingtohaveanevaluationinterviewwithhissupervisorandthepersonneldirectortodiscusstheworkhehasdoneinthepastyear.Salary,promotionandplansforthecomingyearwillalsobediscussedatthemeeting.ChrishasmadeseveralchangesforhisDivisioninthepastyear.First,heboughtnewequipmentforoneofthedepartments.Hehasbeenparticularlyhappyaboutthenewequipmentbecausemanyoftheemployeeshavetoldhimhowmuchithashelpedthem.Alongwithimprovingtheequipment,Chrisbeganaprogramtotrainemployeestouseequipmentbetteranddosimplemaintenancethemselves.Thetrainingsavedtimefortheemployeesandmoneyforthecompany.Unfortunately,oneseriousproblemdevelopedduringtheyear.TwoemployeestheChrishiredwerestealing,andhehadtofirethem.Chrisknowsthatanewjobforapurchasingandmaintenancemanagerforthewholecompanywillbeopeninafewmonths,andhewouldliketobepromotedtothejob.Chrisknows,however,thatsomeoneelsewantsthatnewjob,too.KimisinchargeofpurchasingandmaintenanceinanotherDivisionofthecompany.Shehasalsomadeseveralchangesovertheyear.ChrisknowsthathisbosslikesKim’swork,andheexpectsthathisworkwillbecomparedwithhers。 Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。n 29.WhatisChris’smainresponsibilityatTaxlongCompany? 30.WhatproblemdidChrisencounterinhisDivision? 31.WhatdoesChrishopeforinthenearfuture? 32.WhatdowelearnaboutKimfromthepassage? PassageThree Proverbs,sometimescalledsayings,areexamplesoffolkwisdom.Theyarelittlelessonswhicholderpeopleofaculturepassdowntotheyoungerpeopletoteachthemaboutlife.Manyproverbsremindpeopleofthevaluesthatareimportantintheculture.Valuesteachpeoplehowtoact,whatisright,andwhatiswrong.Becausethevaluesofeachculturearedifferent,understandingthevaluesofanotherculturehelpsexplainhowpeoplethinkandact.Understandingyourownculturevaluesisimportanttoo.Ifyoucanacceptthatpeoplefromotherculturesactaccordingtotheirvalues,notyours,gettingalongwiththemwillbemucheasier.Manyproverbsareveryold.Sosomeofthevaluestheyteachmaynotbeasimportantinthecultureastheyoncewere.Forexample,Americanstodaydonotpaymuchattentiontotheproverb“Hastemakeswaste”，becausepatienceisnotimportanttothem.Butifyouknowaboutpastvalues,ithelpsyoutounderstandthepresentandmanyoftheoldervaluesarestillstrongtoday.BenjaminFranklin,afamousAmericandiplomat,writerandscientist,diedin1790,buthisproverb“Timeismoney”istakenmoreseriouslybyAmericansoftodaythaneverbefore.Astudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworldshowsthatsomevaluesaresharedbymanycultures.Inmanycasesthough,thesameideaisexpresseddifferently。 Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。 33.Whyareproverbssoimportant? 34.Accordingtothespeakerwhathappenstosomeproverbswiththepassageoftime? 35Whatdowelearnfromthestudyofproverbsfromaroundtheworld? SectionCCompoundDictation Ourlivesarewoventogether.AsmuchasIenjoymyowncompany,InolongerimagineIcangetthroughasingledaymuchlessallmylifecompletelyonmyown.EvenifIamonvacationinthemountains,Iameatingfoodsomeoneelsehasgrown,livinginahousesomeoneelsehasbuilt,wearingclothessomeoneelsehassewnfromclothwovenbyothers,usingelectricitysomeoneelseisdistributingtomyhouse.Evidenceofinterdependenceiseverywhere;weareonthisjourneytogether。 AsIwasgrowingup,Irememberbeingcarefullytaughtthatindependencenotinterdependencewaseverything.“Makeyourownway”，”Standonyourowntwofeet”ormynmother’sfavoriteremarkwhenIwasface-to-facewithconsequencesofsomeaction:Nowthatyou’vemadeyourbed,lieonit。 Totalindependenceisadominantthinginourculture.Iimaginethatwhatmyparentsweretryingtoteachmewastotakeresponsibilitiesformyactionsandmychoices.Buttheteachingwasshapedbyourculturalimagines.Andinstead,IgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotallyindependentandconsequentlybecameveryreluctanttoaskforhelp.Iwoulddoalmostanythingnottobeaburden,andnotrequireanyhelpfromanybody。查看更多