2012年考研英语阅读和2011六级12月阅读答案解析

2012年考研英语阅读和2011六级12月阅读答案解析

　　考研2012PartA　　Directions:　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)　　Text1　　Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.　　Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.　　Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.　　Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.　　There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.　　Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.　　21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas　　[A]asupplementtothesocialcure　　[B]astimulustogroupdynamics　　[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress　[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors　　22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould　　[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers　　[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience　　[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers　　[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements　　23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto　　[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors　　[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure　　[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding　　[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect　　24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors　　[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends　　[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies　　[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit　　[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits　　25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis　　[A]harmful　　[B]desirable　　[C]profound　　[D]questionableText2　　Adealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.n　　Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.It’sastunningmove.　　Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.　　EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.　　Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.　　ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthecompany’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.　　26.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningto　　[A]condemning.　　[B]reaffirming.　　[C]dishonoring.　　[D]securing.　　27.Byenteringintothe2002agreement,Entergyintendedto　　[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.　　[B]seekfavorfromthefederallegislature.　　[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense.　　[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.　　28.AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits　　[A]managerialpractices.　　[B]technicalinnovativeness.　　[C]financialgoals.　　[D]businessvision　　29.Intheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewilltest　　[A]Entergy’scapacitytofulfillallitspromises.　　[B]thematureofstates’patchworkregulations.　　[C]thefederalauthorityovernuclearissues.　　[D]thelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearissues.　　30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat　　[A]Entergy’sbusinesselsewheremightbeaffected.　　[B]theauthorityoftheNRCwillbedefied.　　[C]EntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthapplication.　　[D]Vermont’sreputationmightbedamaged.　　Text3n　　Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.　　Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.　　Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.　　Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.　　Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”　　31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyits　　[A]uncertaintyandcomplexity.　　[B]misconceptionanddeceptiveness.　　[C]logicalityandobjectivity.　　[D]systematicnessandregularity.　　32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessrequires　　[A]strictinspection.　　[B]sharedefforts.　　[C]individualwisdom.　　[D]persistentinnovation.　　33.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit　　[A]hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.　　[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity.　　[C]hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.　　[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.　　34.AlbertSzent-Györgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat　　[A]scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.　　[B]discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch.　　[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.　　[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.　　35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetest?　　[A]NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment.　　[B]CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery.n　　[C]EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience.　　[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience.　Text4　　IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.　　Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.　　Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers’unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.　　Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.　　Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.　　Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.　　JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.　　36.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthat　　[A]Teamstersstillhavealargebodyofmembers.　　[B]JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant.　　[C]unionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership.　　[D]thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.　　37.WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraph2?　　[A]Public-sectorunionsareprudentintakingactions.　　[B]Educationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership.　　[C]LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.　　[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.　　38.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thattheincomeinthestatesectoris　　[A]illegallysecured.　　[B]indirectlyaugmented.　　[C]excessivelyincreased.　　[D]fairlyadjusted.　　39.TheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthatunions　　[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.　　[B]canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes.　　[C]maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.　　[D]aredominantinthegovernment.n　　40.JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneof　　[A]disapproval.　　[B]appreciation.　　[C]tolerance.　　[D]indifference.　　PartB参考答案：1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B11.A12.C13.C14.D15.A16.C17.A18.C19.D20.D　　21.D22.B23.A24.C25.D　26.C27.D28.A29.D30.A　　31.A32.B33.B34.D35.C　36.C37.D38.B39.C40.A41.C42.D43.A44.F45.G六级2011.12月PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China"}India!Brazil!Howabouttrade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates–butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade–moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates–isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogistics(物流)haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssig¬nifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice–agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.nB)ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?A)Competitionfromoverseas.C)Slacktradeactivities.B)People'sreluctancetospend.D)Decreasingproductivity.56.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies.IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheWhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandncommercializationwork.Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?A)Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.B)Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.C)Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.D)Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.58.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialization?A)Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.B)ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.C)Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.D)Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.59.WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto_____.A)governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversitiesB)compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustriesC)fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsD)concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?A)Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.B)Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.C)Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.D)Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.61.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?A)Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.B)Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.C)Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.D)Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.PassageOne【答案】53.AItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheUShaveincreased.54.CProducersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials55.CPeople’sreluctancetospend56.BToincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.PassageTwo【答案】57.A.theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.58.B.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.59.A.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities.60.A.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.61.C.Bypromotingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.