2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识unit3amazingpeople能力提升题组训练（b）牛津译林版

2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识unit3amazingpeople能力提升题组训练（b）牛津译林版

Unit3Amazingpeople能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AYoumusthaveheardofTeslamotors,butdoyouknowNicolaTesla?Bornon10thJuly1856inCroatia,inEasternEurope.Teslawasinterestedinelectricityfromaveryyoungage.In1881,oneofthefirsttelephoneexchangesopenedinBudapest.Teslamovedthereandgotajob.ItwasherethatTeslafirstthoughtoftheideaofthealternatingcurrent(交流电)(AC).In1884,TeslamovedtoAmericaandworkedforThomasEdison.ButTeslaworkedforEdisonforlessthanayear.TeslawassurehisACmotorwasthebestwaytocapture(获取)andtransportthepowerofelectricity.However,Edisonthoughthiswayofusingdirectcurrent(DC)wasbetterandconsideredACtobeunsafe.ButsoonthescientificcommunityacceptedACwasmorepowerfulthanDCanditwasprovedsafe.In1895,TesladesignedthefirstwaterpowerplantusingtheenergyoftheNiagaraFalls.AndhediditusingtheACmotor.AfterthesuccessofAC,Teslabecamewell-known.Hetravelledandspoketomanyscientistsabouthisinventionsandideas.Hebuiltalargelaboratorywherehedidamazingthingswithlightsandelectricity.However,itburneddownnotlongafteritwasbuilt.AsTeslagotolder,hecontinuedtocomeupwithnewideasandtheories.Buthewaslesssuccessfulandfamous.Manypeopledidn’trecognizethatparticularinventionswerereallyTesla’sideas.Teslagavespeechesaboutcreatingelectricalpowerfromtheearth’satmosphere.Healsotalkedaboutwaysthatwirelesselectricityandcommunicationcouldpowerthingsallovertheworld!Buttothepeopleofhistime,theseideassoundedcrazy.However,someofhisideashavenowbeensupportedbymodernresearchandtechnology.Tesla’slastyearswerelonelyandsad.Hereceivedmanyawards,butreceivedverylittlemoney.Whenhediedin1943,hewasnolongerfamousandfeltforgotten.nToday,notmanypeopleknowthenameofNicolaTeslabuthisinventionsandideasaffectourliveseveryday!1.WhydidTeslastopworkingforEdison?A.Teslawasbadlypaidthere.B.Theyhadsomedisagreements.C.Theyhadverydifferentcharacters.D.TeslawantedtomovebacktoEurope.2.Inhislateryears,Tesla　　　. A.livedacolorfullifeB.wasmisunderstoodanddoubtedC.wasunabletothinkoutnewideasD.rosetofameasanaward-winninginventor3.WecanlearnfromthetextthatTesla　　　. A.becamefamousasanassistanttoEdisonB.wasaheadofmoderntechnologyC.hadgreatinterestintravellingD.wasnotgoodatspeeches4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NicolaTesla,achallengerfordifficultiesB.NicolaTesla,adreamerinscienceC.NicolaTesla,aforgotteninventorD.NicolaTesla,astrangescientist语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位被遗忘的伟大科学家和发明家尼古拉•特斯拉。答案及剖析:1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中TeslawassurehisACmotorwasthebestwaytocapture(获取)andtransportthepowerofelectricity.However,Edisonthoughthiswayofusingdirectcurrent(DC)wasbetterandconsideredACtobeunsafe.ButsoonthescientificcommunityacceptedACwasmorepowerfulthanDCanditwasprovedsafe.可知,特斯拉主张用交流电机传输电流,而爱迪生更看好自己的直流电,由此可推测,两人之间的分歧导致特斯拉不再继续为爱迪生工作。2.B　推理判断题。根据第四段的Manypeopledidn’trecognizethatparticularinventionswerereallyTesla’sideas及第五段的theseideassoundedcrazy.可知,特斯拉在晚年遭受误解和质疑。n3.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的However,someofhisideashavenowbeensupportedbymodernresearchandtechnology.可知,Tesla走在了现代科技的前面。4.C　标题归纳题。文章首句以问句形式引出本文的主人公,文章结尾句Today,notmanypeopleknowthenameofNicolaTeslabuthisinventionsandideasaffectourliveseveryday!与首句相呼应,结合全文内容可知,特斯拉是一名伟大的发明家,然而却不被人们所铭记。由此可知C项作文章标题贴切。B(2018湖南湘潭高三三模)JohnGlenn,thefirstAmericantoorbittheearth,diedat95,whowasthelastsurvivingmemberofagroupknownas“theMercurySeven”testpilotswhowerechosentobecomeAmerica’sfirstastronauts.BarackObamareleasedastatementaboutGlenn’sdeath:“OurnationhaslostaniconandMichelleandIhavelostafriend.”HepraisedGlennforalifetimeofbreakingbarriers,includingsettingatranscontinentalspeedrecordandbecomingtheoldestmanevertogointospace.HeservedasamilitarypilotinWorldWarⅡandtheKoreanconflict.Then,heservedasatestpilotonmilitaryairplanes.OnFebruary20,1962,GlennbecamethefirstAmericantoorbittheearth.HeflewaspacecraftnamedtheFriendship7.Heorbitedthreetimesduringthealmostfive-hourflight.In1998,healsobecametheoldestmantoflyinspace.TheUnitedStatesspaceagency,NASA,wantedtostudythepossibleeffectsofspacetravelonoldpeople.NASAsaidthattheyalreadyhadsomuchinformationaboutGlenn,sohewasperfectforit.Glennwasnotonlyanastronautbutapolitician.HewasamemberoftheDemocraticParty.Hefirstsoughtpoliticalofficein1964,torepresentOhiointheUSSenate.Hewithdrewfromtheraceafteraninjury,however.Heranagainsixyearslaterbutdidn’twintheparty’snomination.Finally,in1974,onhisthirdattempt,OhioelectedJohnGlenntotheUSSenate.HeremainedamemberoftheUSSenateuntil1999.Later,GlennhelpedtocreateapublicserviceschoolatOhioStateUniversitywhichbecametheJohnGlennCollegeofPublicAffairs.n5.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnGlenn?A.Hebecameanastronautin1962.B.Hebecamethefirstpersontoorbittheearth.C.Heoncemadealongspaceflightaroundtheearth.D.Hewasthelasttobechosenasamemberofthetestpilots.6.Theunderlinedword“icon”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“　　　”. A.heroB.signC.partnerD.leader7.Accordingtothetext,NASAthoughtthatGlennwasperfectforthestudybecause　　　. A.hewasasoldieraswellasapoliticianB.heorbitedthreetimesduringthespaceflightC.theyhadalreadyknownmuchabouthishobbyD.hewasanexperiencedoldmaninspaceflight语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了美国第一位环绕地球的宇航员JohnGlenn的生平。答案及剖析:5.C　细节理解题。根据“OnFebruary20,1962,GlennbecamethefirstAmericantoorbittheearth.”可知A、B两项错误;根据...whowasthelastsurvivingmemberofagroupknownas“theMercurySeven”testpilotswhowerechosentobecomeAmerica’sfirstastronauts.可知Glenn是被挑选为美国第一批宇航员的测试飞行员中最后一个活着的成员,而不是最后被选择成为测试飞行员,故D项错误。根据“Heorbitedthreetimesduringthealmostfive-hourflight.”可知C项正确。6.A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知此处表示“我们的民族失去了一位英雄,米歇尔和我失去了一位朋友”,由此可知该词与hero词义接近,故选A。7.D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句话可知NASA认为Glenn是这项研究的合适人选是因为这项研究是为了研究太空旅行对老人的影响而且他们很了解Glenn在太空飞行方面经验丰富,故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI1.　　　　(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours2.　　　　,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with3.　　　　(it)nchokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain. I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4.　　　　arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese5.　　　　(painting).Instead,I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway6.　　　　carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity. Yangshuo7.　　　　(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers8.　　　　(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit9.　　　　(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10.　　　　(live)inShanghaiandHongKong. 语篇解读:本文是一篇游记,记述了作者游览阳朔的所见、所闻、所感。答案及剖析:1.arrived　考查时态。由主句中的was和后一句中的didn’t可知,这里使用一般过去时态。2.before　考查副词。根据句意和I’dbeenathome的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前,我待在香港的家里”,“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前,故此处填before。3.its　考查代词。因为smog是名词,所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式。4.that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句,因为先行词是物,且引导词在定语从句中作主语,所以用that或which引导从句。5.paintings　考查名词的单复数。因为该词由somany修饰,所以用复数形式。6.by　考查介词。乘坐交通工具可用by表达,而且名词原形前不用冠词。7.is　考查主谓一致和时态。根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时,介绍客观情况,又因为Yangshuo是第三人称单数,所以这里使用is。8.conducted　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此句的主干为AstudyoftravelersnamesYangshuoasoneofthetop...study和conduct之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词作定语。9.regularly　考查形容词变副词。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arrange,表示“经常安排快捷的短假”。n10.living　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处为非谓语动词,因为people与live之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,作后置定语,此处表示“经常为生活在上海和香港的人安排快捷的短假”。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018LearningEnglish51期)假设你是高三学生李华,你在某英文杂志社Help栏目中TalkwithMr.Helper的主持人Mr.Smith帮助下减轻了压力,目前在备考中一切顺利。现在请你给Mr.Smith写一封感谢信,要点包括:1.感谢Mr.Smith;2.如何减轻压力;目前学习状况;3.再次表达感谢。注意:1.词数100左右(信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearMr.Smith,I’mLiHua,astudentthatyouhelpedthreeweeksago.    Yours,LiHuaOnepossibleversion:DearMr.Smith,I’mLiHua,astudentthatyouhelpedthreeweeksago.I’mwritingtoexpressmydeepappreciationofthekindhelpyouofferedtome.Havingconsultedyou,Ifollowedyouradviceonhowtocopewithstress.Tobeginwith,Itooksomephysicalexercise,suchasplayingfootball.Additionally,bylisteningtomusic,Ibecamerelaxed.Moreimportantly,Ihavechangedmyattitudetowardexams.Inthetestheldlastweek,Igotthefirstplace.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.Atpresent,althoughoccupiedwithmystudies,Imanagetosparesometimetoparticipateinsomesocialactivities.nI’mconvincedthatI’llsucceedinthecomingexam.Again,Iwouldliketoexpressmywarmthankstoyou.Yours,LiHua