2020版高考英语复习unit6design知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit6design知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit6Design课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P258(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·福州质检)LookatamapofSpainandpointatthecenter.You’lllocatethecountry’scapitalandoneofEurope’smostbeautifulcities:Madrid.Thispopulardestinationisconsideredacityofcontrastswithitsabundanthistoricsites,restingintheshadowsofmodernskyscrapers.HistoryThiscityofover3millionpeopleisproudofWesternEurope’slargestroyalpalace,andsomeconsiderittobeMadrid’smostbeautifulbuilding.InsidetheRoyalPalace2，800roomsaredecoratedinglorywithmuseumqualityfurnitureandartwork.Touristscantour50oftheselargeandsplendidrooms.ArtTheinternationallyrespectedPradoMuseumisthelargestandmostimpressiveartgalleryinSpain.Foundedin1819,itisfilledwithworksofartthatfeaturetheworld’smostcomprehensivecollectionofSpanishpaintings.ShoppingMadridhassomeofEurope’sbestshoppingmalls,andpotentialbuyerslovetolookthroughthestoreslookingforbargains.Butfor500years,shoppershavegatheredtoanextremelylargeoutdoorfleamarketknownasElRastrowheretheyfindeverythingfromantiquestoCDs.EntertainmentNotriptoMadridiscompletewithoutseeingaperformanceofSpain’sfamousartform,flamenco.Everyday,flamencoperformerssing,danceorplaytheguitarinsmallcafesandgrandtheatersalike.FoodMadridhasawidevarietyofrestaurants,butbecausetheSpanishtypicallyeatnlateatabout9or10p．m.,it’sdifficulttofindgooddinnerfoodearlier.Ifyougethungrybeforethen,thebestsolutionistotryatapasbarwherelightsnacksareserved.Besuretotrythejamon,drycuredham—Spainisfamousforit.TimeforabreakAfteradayoftouring,relaxin350acreRetiroParkwithitsbeautifulgardens,fishpondandlake.Itistheperfectplacetoreflectonallyou’veenjoyedinthisimpressiveSpanishcity.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙首都马德里。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheRoyalPalace?A．Ithas50roomsforvisit.B．Itcanhold2，800people.C．It’sbeenvisitedby3millionpeople.D．ItisthoughttobethelargestinEurope.A　解析：细节理解题。根据History部分中的“Touristscantour50oftheselargeandsplendidrooms.”可知，游客可以游览这些宏大而辉煌的房间中的50间，故答案为A选项。2．Whatkindofmarketis“ElRastro”？A．Fordiscount.B．Forartworks.C．Tosellvariousgoods.D．TosellantiquesandCDs.C　解析：推理判断题。根据Shopping部分中的第二句可知，在ElRastro这个户外的跳蚤市场上，购物者可以找到古董到CD之类的所有的东西，C选项中的“sellvariousgoods”和文中的“findeverythingfromantiquestoCDs”相对应，故答案为C选项。3．WhatisamustwhenpeoplearetravellinginMadrid?A．Enjoyingflamenco.B．Havingdinnerearlier.C．RelaxinginRetiroPark.D．Drinkinginatapasbar.A　解析：推理判断题。根据Entertainment部分中的“NotriptoMadridiscompletewithoutseeingaperformanceofSpain’sfamousartform,flamenco.”可知，到马德里没有看西班牙的著名艺术形式flamenco的表演，旅行是不完整的，因此答案为A选项。B(2019·洛阳、许昌高三第一次质检)Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincednthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalmaths.Ihaveonlytheunmemorablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople’sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconsciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whichsomemighthonourwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist:Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself－discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnotonlyself－disciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。4．Whatimpressedtheauthordeeplyduringhischildhood?A．Wildlife.　　　　　　B．Music.C．Languages.D．Literature.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。5．Whycan’ttheauthorrememberhisrelativesclearly?A．Hedidn’tlivewiththemforlong.B．Thefamilywasextremelylarge.C．Hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature.D．Hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“Ihaveastrongnloveofthenaturalworld”呼应，故选C。6．Accordingtotheauthor,whatpersonalityshouldabornnaturalisthavefirstofall?A．Beingknowledgeable.B．Beingself－disciplined.C．Beingfullofambition.D．Beingfullofenthusiasm.D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。7．Whydoestheauthorsayheisanaturalist,notascientist?A．Hethinkshelackssomequalityrequiredofascientist.B．Hethinkshehasmuchtroubledoingmentalarithmetic.C．Hethinkshecomesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway.D．Hethinkshejustreadsaboutotherpeople’sobservations.A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。C(2019·湖南高三六校联考)IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe’rebothbetteroffasaresult—sogoestheprincipleofreciprocity.Ashumans,wearefamiliarwiththeconcept,whetheritisbybuyingroundsofdrinksorexpellingdiplomats.Butdoanimalsalsohelpthosewhohelpthem?Theanswermaybeyes.ApaperbyDolivoandTaborskyshowsthatNorwayratswillonlygiveasgoodastheyget.Intheirlaboratory,DolivoandTaborskyfirsttrainedratstopullastickthatprovidedafooditemwithinthereachofaratinaneighboringcageseparatedfromthembywiremesh(铁丝网)．Theythenintroducedafurthertreatmentinwhichanexperimentalratwasplacedinacagewithothercagedratsoneitherside.Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.Inthefollowingtrialsthefocalrat(theoneinthecentralcage)hadtheopportunitytorepaytheotherratsusingthesamesticktooltodeliverfooditems.nNow,theratshadtypicallyturnedtheirnosesupatthecarrotandshowedastrongpreferenceforthemoredesirablebanana.Onthebasisthatthebanana－providingratshouldbethereforerememberedasthesuperiorpartner,theauthorspredictedthatinthetestphase(阶段)thefocalratwouldmorereadilyprovidehelpforbanana－offeringratsthanforcarrot－offeringrats.Thisprovedtobethecase:theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards—itseemedthattheywerebehavingreciprocally.DolivoandTaborsky’sexperimentsshowthatratscanrecallthequalityofhelpprovidedandbywhichrat,andadjusttheirbehaviorsoastoinvestmoretimeandenergyinhelpingthosethathelpedthem.Itisapparentthatweshouldn’tundervaluetheabilityofanimalstoengageinreciprocity.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocity”probablyreferto?A．Theactofbeingkindtootherpeople.B．Acooperativeexchangeoffavors.C．Apositiveattitudetoeverything.D．Thequalityofbeinggenerous.B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe’rebothbetteroffasaresult”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两个人都能得到好处；由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”，故B项正确。9．Whatwouldhappenifaratpulledthestick?A．Itwouldfindsomefoodinitsowncage.B．Otherratswouldbeabletoenteritscage.C．Anotherratinanothercagewouldgetfood.D．Itwouldbeabletoenteraneighboringcage.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物，故C项正确。10．Whichgotmorebenefitfromthefocalrat?A．Theratsthatpreferredcarrotpieces.B．Theratsthatpreferredbananapieces.C．Theratsthathadprovidedcarrotpieces.nD．Theratsthathadprovidedbananapieces.D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepastreceivedgreaterrewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报，故D项正确。11．WhichofthefollowingmightDolivoandTaborskyagreewith?A．Someanimalsmayreturnothers’help.B．Norwayratshaveverypoormemories.C．Itishardtoexplaintheabilityofanimals.D．Rats’behaviorisveryuncommon.A　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句可知，Dolivo和Taborsky的实验表明，老鼠能够回忆起谁提供的帮助和帮助的质量，并调整它们的行为，从而投入更多的时间和精力去帮助那些帮助过它们的同类；由此可推知，动物会回报帮助过它们的对象，故A项正确。D(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区第一次适应性检测)SuperstormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesyearsago.Thewinddrivenwatercausedalotofflooding,especiallyintheregion’ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.InNewYorkCityalone,SuperstormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchofthefloodwatersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通风栅).Thosemetalgrillesusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood,engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(胶合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures,whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney,too.KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent,lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuiltin,adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning,onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown,thatpartcanbeslidshuttocompletelyblockthegrate.Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamperprooffeatures,whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon’tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey,itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadnofaflood.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。12．What’sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepstooperategrates.B．Themeasurestopreventflood.C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.D　解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。13．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens’newinvention?A．Costly.B．Timesaving.C．Practical.D．Conventional.C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、第二句可知他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。14．What’sthepurposeofdesigningthetamperprooffeature?A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。15．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Anadventurousstory.C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.A　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。七选五n(2019·桂林、百色、崇左联考)Testanxietycanbearealproblemifyou’resostressedoutoveratestthatyoucan’tgetpastthenervousnesstofocusonthetestquestionsanddoyourbestwork.Feelingreadytomeetthechallengecankeeptestanxietyatamanageablelevel.Beprepared.Somestudentsthinkthatgoingtoclassisallittakestodowellontests.1.________Youwillfindyourtestanxietyeaseswhenyoustarttostudymoreregularly.Thereasonisthatthemoreyouknowthematerial,themoreconfidentyou’llfeel.Havingconfidencegoingintoatestmeansyouexpecttodowell.Watchwhatyou’rethinking.Ifexpectingtodowellonatestcanhelpyourelax,whataboutifyouexpectyouwon’tdowell.2.________Theycancontributetoyouranxiety.Ifyoufindyourselfhavingthesethoughts,replacethemwithpositiveones.Notunrealisticpositivemessages,ofcourse,butonesthatarepracticalandtrue.Acceptmistakes.Anotherthingyoucandoistolearntokeepmistakesinview—especiallyifyouareaperfectionistoryoutendtobehardonyourself.Everyonemakesmistakes,andyoumayhaveheardteachersrefertomistakesaslearningopportunities.3.________4．________Ifsittingforatestgetsyousostressedoutthatyourmindgoesblankandcausesyoutomissanswersthatyouknow,thenyourleveloftestanxietyprobablyneedssomeattention.Yourteacheroryourschoolguidancecounsellor(顾问)canbegoodpeopletotalkto.Takecareofyourself.Forsomepeople,thismightmeanlearningasimplebreathingexercise.Practicebreathingexerciseregularlywhenyoufeelstressed.5.________Thenyoucancalmyourselfdownandgetcentered.A．Askforhelp.B．Learntopraiseyourself.C．Thishelpsyourbodyreceiveasignaltorelax.D．Butgoodstudyhabitsandskillsaremoreimportant.E．Soit’stimetoregardsmallfailuresasvaluableexperiences.F．Thenyouwillbecomemoreinterestedinaskingquestions.G．Youmaysendyourselfsomenegativemessagesaboutthetest.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，具体介绍了缓解考试焦虑的五个方法。1．D　解析：根据空处前一句可知，一些学生认为去上课就能考好试；根据空处后一句可知，当你开始更有规律地学习时，你会发现你的考试焦虑减轻了。根据语境可知，n空处前后为转折关系，空处说明“但是良好的学习习惯和技能更为重要”，故D项与此处匹配。2．G　解析：根据空处前一句可知，如果期望在考试中表现出色可以帮助你放松，那如果想到自己考得不好呢？结合空后一句可知，空处表示对于考试，你可能向自己发送了消极的信息，故G项符合语境。3．E　解析：根据该段第一句“Acceptmistakes.”可知，该段主要讲述了“要接受错误”的观点，再结合空前的“refertomistakesaslearningopportunities”可知，要将失败作为宝贵的经历，故E项符合语境。4．A　解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；根据该段尾句可知，在考试焦虑过大时可以寻求帮助。据此可知，该段主要讲“寻求帮助”，故A项符合语境。5．C　解析：根据空处前一句可知，当你感到有压力时，可以进行呼吸练习。结合常识可知，呼吸练习有助于身体放松，故C项符合语境。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P261(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·昆明高三摸底测试)Mrs.Hudsonwalkedintotheclassroomwithagirllimping(瘸着走)behindher.Sheintroduced，“ThisisMargaret.ShejustmovedherefromFlorida.Let’s__1__her.”Theteacherguidedher__2__toafrontseat,thenbentoverand__3__somethinginherear.Finishingexplainingthemathproblems,Mrs.Hudson__4__，“Breaktime.Seeyouintenminutes.”Boys__5__first.“Today,let’smeetatthefarendofthesidewalk.Andmakesurethenewgirldoesn’tfollowus！”Isaid.Afterawhile,Icamebacktothe__6__.IwantedtofindoutifMrs.Hudsonlikedmybookreport.Withherusualbigsmile,shebegan，“Jack,youareagood__7__．”Shiftingmyweightfromonefoottotheother,Iwasalittle__8__thatMrs.Hudsonlikedmesomuch.Her__9__letmeknowhowmuchsheappreciatedhavingmearound.Myteacher__10__inherquietvoice.“That’s__11__IamsureyouwillinviteMargarettoplaywithyoutoday.”Her__12__wordssoundedlikefrozenknivesaimingatmyheart.Couldshe__13__suspectwhatwehadbeensayingaboutMargaret?Couldsheknowhow__14__Iwas?ThenImanagedto__15__Margaretinourgroup.Whilemanyschoolmemorieshave__16__overtheyears,the__17__Mrs.Hudsontaughtmehasstayedwithme.Mrs.Hudsongentlyguidedme,__18__metodotherightthing.Shebelievedinme,and__19__whatshedid,Irosetothelevelofher__20__，bothforMargaretlongagoandevenlaterinmychoiceofcareer.n【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。Hudson夫人是作者的老师。一天，她带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，包括作者在内的几个男孩取笑这个女孩。而Hudson夫人用激励、爱心和智慧教育了作者，启迪了他的心灵，作者从此不再孤立那个女孩。这段经历对作者的一生产生了很大的影响。1．A.welcome　　　　　　B．introduceC．recommendD．followA　解析：上文讲到Hudson夫人带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，将这个女孩介绍给班里的孩子们，让大家“欢迎”她，所以选A。welcome“欢迎”；introduce“介绍”；recommend“推荐”；follow“跟随”。2．A.casuallyB．gentlyC．nervouslyD．hurriedlyB　解析：上文讲到女孩走路一瘸一拐，接着说Hudson夫人“缓缓地”将女孩带到了前排的一个座位，所以选B。casually“随便地”；gently“温柔地，缓缓地”；nervously“紧张地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。3．A.spreadB．deliveredC．repeatedD．whisperedD　解析：Hudson夫人先是将女孩带到了前排的一个座位上，接着弯下腰来在她的耳边“小声说话”，所以选D。spread“传播”；deliver“递送，发表(演讲)，接生”；repeat“重复”；whisper“小声说”。4．A.criedB．sighedC．announcedD．agreedC　解析：Hudson夫人讲完数学题后，“宣布”该休息了，所以选C。cry“喊叫，哭”；sigh“叹气”；announce“宣布”；agree“同意”。5．A.lookedoutB．racedoutC．turnedupD．gaveupB　解析：根据上文可知，老师宣布了下课，根据常识可推知，下课后，男孩们先“跑了出去”，故racedout符合语境。lookout“朝外看”；turnup“出现，露面，调高(音量等)”；giveup“放弃”。6．A.schoolB．officeC．classroomD．platformC　解析：上文提到男孩们跑了出去，所以过了一会儿，作者应该是回到了“教室”。school“学校”；office“办公室”；classroom“教室”；platform“平台，月台，讲台”。7．A.guardB．colleagueC．personD．speakernC　解析：Hudson夫人对作者说，“Jack，你是一个好人”，她是用表扬的方法来促使作者转变自己的做法，使作者友善对待新来的女生。guard“卫兵”；colleague“同事”；person“人”；speaker“说话者”。8．A.embarrassedB．satisfiedC．convincedD．worriedA　解析：作者取笑新来的女孩，Hudson夫人却说他是一个好人，这让作者感到有点“尴尬”，所以选A。embarrassed“尴尬的”；satisfied“满意的，满足的”；convinced“确信的”；worried“担忧的”。9．A.answerB．explanationC．commentD．predictionC　解析：Hudson夫人对作者的正面“评价”(说作者是个好人)让作者知道了老师是非常喜欢他在身边的。answer“回答，答案”；explanation“解释，说明”；comment“评论，评述”；prediction“预测，预言”。10．A.beggedB．repliedC．urgedD．continuedD　解析：上文讲到，Hudson夫人说作者是一个好人，然后“继续说”，“这就是我确信你今天会邀请Margaret一起玩的原因。”beg“祈求”；reply“回答”；urge“敦促”；continue“继续说”。11．A.whyB．howC．whenD．whereA　解析：参见上题解析。why“为什么”；how“如何，怎样”；when“何时”；where“哪里”。12．A.doubtfulB．confidentC．honestD．comfortableB　解析：她“肯定的”话如同冰冷的刀子直指向作者的心，所以选B。doubtful“怀疑的”；confident“自信的，肯定的”；honest“诚实的”；comfortable“舒服的”。13．A.necessarilyB．regularlyC．hardlyD．possiblyD　解析：上文提到作者孤立新同学，但老师却说他是个好人，所以作者心中疑惑：她“有可能”会猜到我们都说Margaret什么吗？她知道我有多令人讨厌吗？necessarily“必要地，必然地”；regularly“经常，定期地，有规律地”；hardly“几乎不”；possibly“可能”。14．A.greedyB．smartC．awfulD．outgoingnC　解析：参见上题解析。greedy“贪婪的”；smart“聪明的，机灵的”；awful“糟糕的，极坏的”；outgoing“外向的，友好的”。15．A.refuseB．praiseC．separateD．includeD　解析：之后，作者设法让Margaret“加入”到了他们的团体中。refuse“拒绝”；praise“表扬，赞美”；separate“使分离，使分开”；include“包含，包括，列入”。16．A.fadedB．existedC．remainedD．refreshedA　解析：多年过去了，很多学校的回忆“逐渐消失”，但Hudson夫人给作者的教训却一直伴随着他。fade“逐渐消失，褪色”；exist“存在”；remain“继续存在”；refresh“恢复精神”。17．A.processB．principleC．secretD．lessonD　解析：参见上题解析。process“进程”；principle“原则”；secret“秘密”；lesson“课，教训”。18．A.forcingB．challengingC．permittingD．orderingB　解析：Hudson夫人温和地引导作者，“激励”他去做正确的事情。force“强迫，逼迫”；challenge“激励，要求”；permit“允许”；order“命令”。19．A.becauseofB．regardlessofC．inspiteofD．intermsofA　解析：作者的老师信任他，“由于”老师所做的一切，作者达到了老师的期望，所以选A。becauseof“因为，由于”；regardlessof“不顾，不管”；inspiteof“尽管”；intermsof“按照，在……方面，以……的措辞”。20．A.beliefsB．expectationsC．successD．standardB　解析：参见上题解析。belief“信仰，信条”；expectation“指望，期望”；success“成功”；standard“标准，水平”。语法填空Startinganewschooltermisalwaysexciting.Itisachance1.__________(see)yourfriendsagain.Butmostexcitingofall,thenewtermletsyoutakeupnewhobbies.InBritainitiscommonforstudentstotakeupnewhobbiesaftertheChristmasholidays.PromisingtolearnsomethingnewisacommonNewYear’sresolution.nMostschoolsofferdifferentkinds2.____________hobbyclasses.Students3.____________(usual)takethemintheirfreeperiodsorafterschool.Someclassesyouhavetopayforbutsome4.____________(be)free.Forexample,IoncetookafreeWednesdayeveninggymnasticsclass5.____________isofferedbymyschool.ButwhenIlearnthowtoplaythedrum,myparentshadtopayforthelessons.Themostpopularextraclassesatmyschoolwerepianolessonsanddramalessons.Bothclassesofferedexamsstudentscouldtake.Studentswithmanyhobbiessometimesfeltmorestressed6.____________thosewithoutany.Butthestudentswithhobbiesleftschoolwithmanyextra7.____________(skill)．Ihaven’tcontinuedanyofthehobbiesI8.__________(begin)atschool.ButIhaveneverregrettedtaking9.____________(they).My10.____________(good)friendtodayissomeoneImetinmygymnasticsclass.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的兴趣班。英国的学生可以参加兴趣班，其中有收费的，也有免费的。在兴趣班，你可以认识很多朋友。1．tosee　解析：考查形式主语。分析该句结构可知，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。2．of　解析：考查介词。differentkindsof为固定搭配，意为“各种不同种类的”。3．usually　解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词，故用usual的副词形式usually。4．are　解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据but前的have可知，应用一般现在时；该句中的some指someclasses，故用复数形式are。5．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为class，在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。6．than　解析：考查比较级。根据该句中的“morestressed”可以判断，该句使用“比较级＋than”的结构。故填than。7．skills　解析：考查名词的数。根据空前的many可知，空处应用复数。8．began　解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，begin这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。9．them　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指代上句的“hobbies”，故用them。10．best　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，我最好的朋友是在体操班认识的，故用good的最高级best。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P262(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)　第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)n阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·南昌模拟)IwanttotalkaboutMissSmith,ahistoryteacherIhadatsecondaryschool61.____________Iwasabout15.MostoftheteachersIhadwereOK,62.____________theygavethefeelingthatitwasjustajob.ItseemedthatMissSmithreally63.____________(love)bothhistoryandteachingit.Oneofthe64.____________(good)thingsaboutherlessonswasthatwedidn’talwayshavetostudyinanordinaryway.Forexample,ratherthanwriteanarticleforhomework,usuallywewereallowed65.____________(work)withafriendtowriteanimaginarydialoguebetweentwohistorical66.____________(figure).Thenwecouldperformitfortheclass.IthinkMissSmithinfluencedmeintwoimportantways.Firstly,shemademe67.____________(interest)inhistory.NowIstillreadbooksonhistoryandwatchTVprogramsaboutitwhenIgetthechance.68.____________(second),sheshowedmehowateachercanusethestudents’owncreativitytohelpthemlearn.Instead69.____________justbeingakindofaudienceforlessons,wewereinvolvedin70.____________(decide)whathappenedinthelessons.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。该老师与众不同，总是让课堂充满乐趣，并布置学生喜欢的作业，从而赢得了学生的爱戴。61．when　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，Smith老师是作者15岁上中学时的一个历史老师；分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导时间状语从句。故填when。62．but　解析：考查连词。根据空格前的“wereOK”及下文中的“itwasjustajob”可知，作者的大部分老师都很好，但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作，空格前后表示转折。故填but。63．loved　解析：考查动词的时态。文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填loved。64．best　解析：考查形容词的最高级。“Oneof＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”意为“……中最……的一个”。根据语境可知，此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填best。65．towork　解析：考查非谓语动词。allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填towork.66．figures　解析：考查名词复数。根据空格前的“two”可知，此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填figures。67．interested　解析：考查词性转换。“makesb.＋形容词”意为“使某人……”，此处指使作者对历史感兴趣。故填interested。68．Secondly　解析：考查词性转换。根据上文中的“Firstly”可知，n此处应填Secondly。注意首字母大写。69．of　解析：考查介词。insteadof意为“代替，而不是”。故填of。70．deciding　解析：考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动名词形式。故填deciding。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；　　2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·洛阳尖子生联考)WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwatchedamovieaboutglobalwarming.Seetheimagesoficemeltingandthepolarbearshabitatbeingdestroyedmademedisappointed.Ibegintorealizeitwasimportanttodowhatwecansavetheenvironment.Iaskedmymomtobuyabluerecyclingbin.Andsheimmediateagreedtogetit.Besides,shegotformeablackonefortrash.Inowhavearecyclingbinforwastepapersandplasticbottlesinmyroom.Imaybejustoneperson,soIfeellikeIammakingthebigdifference.答案：WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwatchedamovieaboutglobalwarming.theimagesoficemeltingandthepolarhabitatbeingdestroyedmademedisappointed.Itorealizeitwasimportanttodowhatwecansavetheenvironment.Iaskedmymomtobuyabluerecyclingbin.Andsheagreedtoget.Besides,shegotmeablackonefortrash.Inowhavearecyclingbinforwasteandplasticbottlesinmyroom.Imaybejustoneperson,IfeellikeIammakingbigdifference.第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·合肥调研性检测)假定你是李华，n从网上得知一所美国中学正在招募中国中学生志愿者。本次招募旨在通过网络帮助美国学生体验中国春节。请用英语写一封电子邮件提出申请，内容包括：1．愿意参加；2．自身优势；3．计划与期望。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：DearSir/Madam，IamLiHua,aseniorhighschoolstudentfromChinaandhappytolearnyourschoolisrecruitingvolunteerstohelpyourstudentsexperiencetheChineseSpringFestival.I’mwritingtoseeifIwillbeluckyenoughtogetinvolvedinthisactivity.IhavelearnedEnglishforovertenyears,whichenablesmetospeakgoodEnglish.Inaddition,IlovetocelebratetheSpringFestivalbymakingdumplingswithmyparentsandpayNewYear’svisitstomyfriends.Also,Iamgoodatusingcomputers.Sharingstories,customsandfoodpicturesofourSpringFestivalwithyourstudentsshouldbegreatfunandIcan’twaittoansweranyquestionsaboutChinesetraditionalfestivals.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua