2020版高考英语复习unit24society知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit24society知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit24Society课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P348(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·陕西检测二)WheneverIheararecordingofJohnDenversinging“SunshineonMyShoulders”，Ifindmyselfsmiling,drawntoaloveofthesunandtheoutdoorsI’vehadforyearsasaMichigannative.Walkingbarefoottothelake,playingwithoutshirtsinthesunlight,andbreathingfreshairfeelgood.AsadoctorIcantellyoutheyarealsogoodforyourheart.Studieshavefoundhigherratesofhighbloodpressureamongpeoplewiththelowestsunexposure.Onereasonmaybeduetonitricoxide(一氧化氮),agaswhosefunctionisactivatedwhenyourskinisexposedtothesun’srays.Itreducesbothheartattackandstrokerisks.VitaminD,whichsunlighthelpsyourbodyproduce,isalsolinkedtobetterhealth.Sowalkoutdoorsfor15to30minutesdaily.InJapan,walkingthroughforeststokeephealthyhasbecomeapopularpractice.Apparentlytheywanttoenjoythefreshair.Butresearchon280volunteersfoundthatpeoplehadareducedheartrate,andlowerbloodpressurewhentheywalkedthroughaforestthanwhentheyspenttimeinanurbanarea.Oneoftheconsequencesofmodernsocietyisthatrarelyisourbodyindirectcontactwiththeground.Theearthhasanelectricalcurrent.Directcontactwithitmaybestabilizingforceforgoodhealth.Although“earthing”or“grounding”isconsideredalternativebymainstreammedicine,researchshowsthatthepracticeseemstobeabletoreduceheartdiseaserisks.So,walkaroundbarefootwhereverpossible,letyourbackyardgrasstickleyourfeet,anddigyourtoesintosandybeaches.【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。n1．Thefirstparagraphismeantto________．A．showtheauthorlikesthesongverymuchB．putforwardtheargumentofthepassageC．suggestthattheauthorlovesnaturecrazilyD．indicatetheauthorisaMichigannativeB　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是提出文章的论点。2．Sunbathing’sgoodforheartbecause________．A．thesun’sraysmakenitricoxideworkB．sunlightcanhelppeoplekeepwarmC．thesun’srayscanhelpreplacevitaminDD．vitaminDreducesbloodcirculationA　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Onereasonmaybeduetonitricoxide(一氧化氮),agaswhosefunctionisactivatedwhenyourskinisexposedtothesun’srays.Itreducesbothheartattackandstrokerisks.”描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。3．It’sbelievedthatwalkingthroughforestscan________．A．makepeoplepopularB．helpbreatheinfreshairC．reducebloodpressureD．helpescapenoisycitiesC　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Butresearchon280volunteersfoundthatpeoplehadareducedheartrate,andlowerbloodpressurewhentheywalkedthroughaforestthanwhentheyspenttimeinanurbanarea.”描述可知，人们普遍认为穿过森林可以降低血压。4．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe________．A．NitricOxideHasMagicFunctionsB．WalkingBarefootBuildstheBodyC．SunbathingIsGoodforHealthD．OutdoorActivitiesBenefittheHeartD　解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walkingbarefoot...foryourheart.”及最后一段可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。B(2019·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试)Whilebeachvacationsmaybeagreatwaytotakeyourmindoffwork，lakessurroundedbymountainsmakeforanevengrandernexperience.Ifyouarelookingforpeaceonyourvacation，wehavesomerecommendationsforyouintheCaucasus(高加索)．LakeSevanLakeSevanissituatedinthecentralpartofArmenia，intheGegharkunikProvince.ItisthelargestlakeinArmenia，located6，234ftabovesealevel.Alongthelakeshore，therearevariousaccommodationssuchasresortsandhotelswithplentyofactivitiestopartakesuchaswindsurfing，swimmingandsunbathing.Whilethere，donotforgettovisitoneofthefamousculturalmonuments，theSevanavankmonastery，anditoffersagreatviewofthelakeaswell.ParavaniLakeParavaniLake，located6，801ftabovesealevel，isinthesouthofGeorgia，neartheJavakhetiPlateau.Atthislevel，altitudesicknesscanoccuranditisagoodideatobepreparedtoadapttoitproperly，orbringmedicationforaltitudesickness.Beingavolcaniclakemakesforamoreinterestingexperience.Thelakeisbestknownforfishing.Donotcomehomeduringthewintermonthswhenthelakefreezes.LakeCildirLakeCildirislocatedintheArdahanProvince，eastTurkey，neartheborderswithGeorgiaandArmenia.ItisalargefreshwaterlakeofeasternTurkey，andmanytouristsarenotawareofthisbeautifulattraction.LakeCildirissurroundedbymountainsoftheCaucasus.ThelakefreezesduringlateNovember.Ifthewinterisnotextremelycold，youcantrysomelakeactivitieslikeiceskatingandicefishing.LakeVanLakeVanisthemustvisitofalllakesinthislist，thelargestlakeinTurkey.LakeVanislocatedontheeasternshoreofTurkeyandisalsothemostaccessiblelakethere.It’ssituated5，380ftabovesealevel，anduniquetomanylakesaroundtheworld，thewaterishighinsaltcontent.【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了供人们度假的好去处——高加索地区的一些湖泊。5．Ifyouwanttovisitsomehistoricsitesduringyourtravelbyalake，youcangoto________．A．LakeCildirB．ParavaniLakeC．LakeSevanD．LakeVannC　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“donotforgettovisitoneofthefamousculturalmonuments，theSevanavankmonastery”可知，度假期间如果你想参观历史性建筑可以到LakeSevan。故选C。6．WhatisspecialaboutLakeVan?A．Itswaterishighinsalt.B．Itisavolcaniclake.C．Itisgloballythelargestlake.D．Itissurroundedbymountains.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“anduniquetomanylakesaroundtheworld，thewaterishighinsaltcontent”可知，LakeVan的特色是湖水的盐度高。故选A。7．WhatchallengearetravelersmostlikelytofacewhilevisitingParavaniLake?A．Lackofmedicine.B．Volcanoeruptions.C．Altitudesickness.D．Lowtemperaturealltheyear.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Atthislevel，altitudesicknesscanoccuranditisagoodideatobepreparedtoadapttoitproperly，orbringmedicationforaltitudesickness.”可知，在游览ParavaniLake时，游客们最有可能面临的挑战就是高原反应。故选C。C(2019·武汉毕业班5月训练)TheMalteseIslandsarerichinNeolithic(新石器时代的)sites.gantijainGozo,Tarxien,andtheHagar·,Qim/MnajdraComplexhereonMalta’ssouthcoastareperhapsthemostwellknown.Thesepilesofstonesaresomeoftheearliestknownman－madestructuresintheworld.Theyareshowingtheirageabit,butwhatwouldyouexpectforbuildingsthatarefiveandahalfthousandyearsold?Myhousewasbuiltintheyear2000andisalreadyinbadconditionroundtheedges.Thesetemplesareolderthanthepyramids!Inmyopinionthetemplesarebestseenafterthevisitorshaveleft.ComewithmeforalateafternoonwalkdownthehillpastHagar·,QimtowardstheMnajdranComplex.TherearechainlinkfencesaroundthetemplesnowbutwecanignorethoseandtrytoimaginewhyMalta’searliestpeopletookthetroubletobuildthesestructuresonthiswindyandpoorhillside.Ofcoursethetempleswouldhavelookedratherdifferentwhentheywereconstructed.Theymayhavebeendecoratedwithpigmentsandpossiblyevenroofedwithanimalskinsorothermaterials.Whoknows?Wedoknowthattheywerechangedandaddedtoovera1，000－yearperiodorso.GettingtoMnajdraandHagar·,Qimistheeasiestifyouhaveacar.Orifyoudon’tmindahike,youcouldgetabustoQrendi(3kmaway)orurrieq(5kmaway)andwalkfromthere.Warning:althoughthedistancesarenottoogreat,walkingseveralkilometersintheMaltesesuncanbeveryhardandpossiblydangerous.Takewaterandsunscreen.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马耳他的一些著名的建筑群。8．Whatmakesthewriterwonderaboutthetemples?A．Theirhistory.B．Theirappearance.C．Howtheywerebuilt.D．Whentheywerebuilt.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thesepilesofstonesaresomeoftheearliestknownman－madestructuresintheworld.”及第二段中的“Therearechainlinkfencesaroundthetemplesnow”以及文章大部分是对寺庙的外观进行描述可推知，作者对这些寺庙感到好奇的地方是它们的外表。9．Whatareweawareofabouttheconstructionofthetemples?A．Theyhavebeentransformed.B．Theylookthesameasbefore.C．Theywerecarefullydesigned.D．Theyarenotwhattheyusedtobe.D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Wedoknowthattheywerechangedandaddedtoovera1，000－yearperiodorso.”可推知，我们对寺庙的建筑结构的了解是它们不再是过去的样子了。10．Howcanweadmirethesitesgettingtheleastsunburn?A．Byhikingthere.B．Byridingacar.nC．Bytakingwater.D．Bytakingabus.B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“GettingtoMnajdraandHagar·,Qimistheeasiestifyouhaveacar.”和最后两句话可知，我们可以通过驾车去欣赏这些地方，以便有最少的太阳光照射。11．Wherecanwepossiblyfindthetext?A．Inapoliticalspeech.B．Inhistoricalfiction.C．Inatravelmagazine.D．Inageographytextbook.C　解析：文章出处题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“GettingtoMnajdraandHagar·,Qimistheeasiestifyouhaveacar.Orifyoudon’tmindahike,youcouldgetabustoQrendi(3kmaway)orZ·,urrieq(5kmaway)andwalkfromthere.”可推知，这篇文章可能来自旅游杂志。D(2019·陕西部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Iusedtobelievecourtesywasathingofthepast.VeryseldomhaveIencounteredacourteoushumanbeinginthismodernera.Recently,Ihadtochangemythinking,whenIcamefacetofacewithjustsuchahumanbeinginacoffeeplace,withmytwodaughters.Theplacewascrowdedasusualandwehadtoclimbsteep(陡的)stairsinordertofindanemptytable.Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks,wewentdownthenarrowstairs,wheretherewashardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoeitherclimbuporcomedown.JustasIwasinthemiddleofthestairs,amanenteredthemainentranceoftherestaurantwhichwasrightinfrontofthestaircase(楼梯).IwassureIwouldbepushedroughlybythismangoingup.IkeptcomingdownasfastasIcould.Mydaughterswerealreadydown,lookingupatmeworriedly,hopingIwouldreachthembeforethestrangerstartedwalkingupthestairs,knowingIwasanervoussort.Nearlyreachingthem,Inoticedthemanstillstandingnearthedoor.Ireachedmydaughtersandpassedthestrangerattheentrancedoorwhichhekeptholdingopen.Ilookedback,thinkinghewasstillatthedoor,decidingwhethertogoinorfindanotherlesscrowdedplace.Isawhimgoingupthestairs,twoatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandallthreeofusfeltbadthatwedidnoteventhankthecourteousgentlemanwhowasactuallyholdingthedooropenforusladiestopassthroughbeforegoingup.nSuchwellmanneredpeoplearehardtofindthesedayswhenpushingisverycommoninouradvancedbutaggressivesociety.Weapplaudedforhischivalry(彬彬有礼)．【解题导语】　在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情，并赞扬了这种良好的品质。12．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“courtesy”inParagraph1?A．Abraveaction.B．Sacrificespirit.C．Aconsiderateaction.D．Selfishbehavior.C　解析：词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出，这是一种体贴的行为，故选C项。A项意为“勇敢的行为”；B项意为“牺牲精神”；D项意为“自私的行为”。13．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthemanatthefirstsightofhim?A．Hewasinahurry.B．Hewouldwaitforher.C．Hewouldpassherrudely.D．Hewasamanwithgoodmanners.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“IwassureIwouldbepushedroughlybythismangoingup.”可知，作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯，故选C项。14．Whydidtheauthor’sdaughtersworryabouther?A．Shewaseasytobenervous.B．Shetookuptoomuchspace.C．Shewastoooldtowalkfast.D．Shefocusedtoomuchontheman.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“knowingIwasanervoussort”可知，作者是一个很容易紧张的人，故选A项。15．WhatcanwelearnaboutthemanfromParagraph4?A．Hemightbeawaiterofthecafé.B．Hemighthaveanurgentbusinesstodo.C．Helovedadaughteroftheauthor.D．Hewouldholdthedooropenforall.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Isawhimgoingupthestairs,twoatatime.”以及下文谈到她们都来不及对这个男人说一声谢谢可推知，那个男人上楼梯，n一次上两级台阶，应该是有急事要做，故选B项。七选五(2019·石家庄重点中学高三摸底考试)Asnewcarpricescontinuetoclimb,youcanfindreliablebutcheapusedcarsforsale.Manyarereadilyavailableonline,butcarlotsandlocalautoauctions(拍卖)alsoprovideexcellentsourcesforinexpensivevehicles.Herearethetips.Searchonline1．________.Somesitesspecializeinautomotivesalesandmaycontainhundredsoflocallists.Privatesellersmayofferconsiderablylowerpricesfortheircarsthanadealerandbemorereceptivetonegotiation.Youwillfinddealerlistsonthesesitesaswell.VisitlocalauctionsThoughmanycarauctionstakeplaceonline,youstillcanfindacheapusedcarataspecializedautoauction.Theseauctions,availableinmanybiggercities,arethesameoneswherelocaldealerspurchasecarsforsale.2.________，socheckwithyourlocalautoauctioncentertoconfirm.3．________Manyorganizationsthatmanageafleetofvehiclesselltheirusedcarswhentheyremovethemfromactiveservice.Carrentalcompaniesfrequentlyselllatemodel,relativelylowmileageformerrentalcarsforwellbelowthepriceadealerwouldchargeforasimilarvehicle.Foraverycheapusedcar,considerbuyingretiredpolicecarsandgovernmentsurplusvehicles.4.________．Bepreparedtonegotiate5．________，youwilllikelyhavetheopportunitytonegotiateforalowersalesprice.Whennegotiatingwithadealer,accordingtothefinancialmagazineForbes,youmaybeabletogetthelowestpossiblepriceonthelastdayofthemonth,adaywithpoorweather,orlateatnightontheweekend.Negotiationswithaprivateselleroftenaremoredirectandconsistofsimplyofferingyouridealandreasonableprice.A．ConsiderretiredvehiclesB．AskadvicefromlocaldealersC．ThesecarswillhelpyousavealotD．UnlessyoubuyyourusedcarinanauctionE．RulescanvarysignificantlyfromauctiontoauctionnF．WhenyoufindachancetoaskaboutthelocalsituationG．Manyprivateindividualsstartwithonlineclassifiedwebsites【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了购买廉价二手车的攻略。1．G　解析：根据空后的“Somesitesspecializeinautomotivesalesandmaycontainhundredsoflocallists.”可推知，一些网站专门提供售车信息而且可能包含数以百计的当地的车辆清单，因此从分类网站着手是个不错的选择，所以选G选项。2．E　解析：根据空后的“socheckwithyourlocalautoauctioncentertoconfirm”可推知，汽车拍卖行很多，规定也各不相同，因此要去当地的汽车拍卖中心确认才行，所以选E选项。3．A　解析：根据空处所在的位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要推荐了被很多组织清除出来进行销售的二手车，故A项符合语境。本段中的“retiredpolicecars”也是提示。4．C　解析：承接上文“Foraverycheapusedcar,considerbuyingretiredpolicecarsandgovernmentsurplusvehicles.”可推知，这些车比较便宜，可以节省不少费用。所以C选项符合语境。5．D　解析：根据空后的“youwilllikelyhavetheopportunitytonegotiateforalowersalesprice”并结合上文推荐去拍卖行购车可推知，不去拍卖行购车的话，你将有可能和销售商谈成较低的购车价，所以选D选项。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P351(单独成册)]完形填空Theothereveningwehadaknockatthedoor.Itwasanew__1__whointroducedhimselfandhisboystous.Healso__2__ustoablockpartyasawaytoknowthepeopleintheneighborhoodaswellascelebratingthefirstanniversaryofhistwo__3__sonscomingtolivewithhim.We’velivedhereforalmostsixyearsand__4__hasevercometointroducethemselves.Isupposeweshouldhave__5__itontointroduceourselvestopeoplemovingin,butwehaven’t.Inmyopinion,ittooktheinitiative(首创)ofayoung__6__andhisadoptedsonstoshowmehowIcould__7__betterattentiontomyowncommunity.Wehavemany__8__friendsbutIhavetoadmitthatIhaven’tusuallybeentheonetodevelopthe__9__inmyownneighborhood.Thisexperience__10__meofoneofmyfavoritequotes,“WhenIwasayoungman,Iwantedtochangetheworld.Ifounditwas__11__tochangetheworld,soItriedtochangemynation.WhenIfoundIcouldn’tchangethenation,Ibegannto__12__mytown.Icouldn’tchangethetownandasa(n)__13__man,Itriedtochangemy__14__.Now,asanoldman,I__15__theonlythingIcanchangeismyself,and__16__IrealizethatiflongagoIhadchangedmyself,Icouldhavemadeanimpact(影响)onmyfamilyand__17__onmytown.TheimpactcouldhavechangedthenationandIcould__18__havechangedtheworld.”Forthoseofuswhowanttomakea(n)__19__intheworld,it’simportanttoremember“Thinkglobally,but__20__locally.”Forme,I’mgoingtomakeitapointtomeetmoreofmyneighbors—startingnow.【解题导语】　新搬来的邻居主动上门作自我介绍，并邀请作者参加社区聚会，这让作者有了很多感慨。要想改变世界，首先要改变自己。作者决定从身边做起，多见一些邻居，关注自己的社区。1．A.strangerB．classmateC．beggarD．neighborD　解析：根据下文的“asawaytoknowthepeopleintheneighborhood”及第二段中的“Isuppose...tointroduceourselvestopeoplemovingin”可知，敲门的是一个新邻居。故选D。2．A.invitedB．commandedC．persuadedD．encouragedA　解析：此处指邀请“我们”参加一个街区聚会。invite“邀请”；command“命令”；persuade“说服”；encourage“鼓励”。故选A。3．A.adoptedB．acceptedC．adaptedD．annoyedA　解析：根据下文的“hisadoptedsons”可知，他要庆祝和他收养的儿子一起生活一周年。故选A。4．A.anyoneB．someoneC．everyoneD．nooneD　解析：根据下文的“Isupposeweshouldhave...theinitiative(首创)ofayoung______andhisadoptedsons”可知，“我们”已经住在这里将近六年了，从没有人过来介绍他们自己。故选D。5．A.putB．madeC．takenD．turnedC　解析：此处指“我们”本应承担向搬进来的人作自我介绍的责任。故选C。takeon“承担(责任)”。6．A.studentB．mannC．womanD．motherB　解析：根据上文可知，新搬来的是一位男士和他收养的孩子们。故选B。7．A.drawB．loseC．payD．offerC　解析：此处指更好地关注“我”自己的社区。故选C。payattentionto“注意”。8．A.foreignB．localC．oldD．richB　解析：“我们”有许多当地的(local)朋友，但“我”不得不承认，“我”通常不会在“我”自己的街区发展友谊。故选B。9．A.troubleB．friendshipC．concernD．businessB　解析：参见上题解析。故选B。10．A.remindedB．toldC．warnedD．convincedA　解析：remindsb.ofsth.“使某人想起某事”；tellsb.sth.“告诉某人某事”；warnsb.ofsth.“警告某人某事”；convincesb.ofsth.“使某人相信某事”。根据搭配首先排除B；这个经历使“我”想起了“我”最喜欢的引言之一。故选A。11．A.difficultB．easyC．interestingD．rightA　解析：根据下文的“soItriedtochangemynation”可知，此处表示“我发现改变世界是很难的”。故选A。12．A.makeoutB．concentrateonC．getintoD．refertoB　解析：“当我发现不能改变国家时，我就开始致力于改变我所在的城镇”。makeout“辨认出，理解”；concentrateon“集中精力于”；getinto“开始参与”；referto“参考，提及”。故选B。13．A.smarterB．youngerC．olderD．tallerC　解析：上文讲述自己年轻时的想法，下文说自己作为一个老人的想法，以时间为序陈述。故选C。14．A.stateB．familyC．townD．mindB　解析：根据下文可知，“我意识到如果以前改变自己，就可以改变家庭、城镇、国家乃至世界”。故选B。n15．A.explainB．forgetC．realizeD．regretC　解析：“如今，作为一名老人，我意识到唯一能改变的是自己”。故选C。16．A.happilyB．suddenlyC．actuallyD．luckilyB　解析：此处指突然间意识到。故选B。17．A.merelyB．stillC．onlyD．evenD　解析：此处表示递进关系。merely“仅仅”；still“仍然”；only“仅仅”；even“甚至”。故选D。18．A.indeedB．hardlyC．neverD．seldomA　解析：此处表示“我确实本来可以改变世界”，为肯定意义，排除B、C和D；indeed“确实，甚至”；hardly“几乎不”；never“从不”；seldom“很少，不常”。故选A。19．A.decisionB．differenceC．apologyD．mistakeB　解析：此处指“那些想要对世界产生影响的人”。makeadecision“做决定”；makeadifference“有影响，起作用”；makeanapology“道歉”；makeamistake“出错”。故选B。20．A.behaveB．actC．moveD．operateB　解析：该句表示“放眼全球，立足地方”，指可进行全球化思考，但要在当地采取行动。behave“举止，表现”；act“行动”；move“移动”；operate“操作”。故选B。语法填空IcanstillrecallthedaywhenIsatonthestairsofatempleinNepal.Thesquarebeforethetemple1.____________(become)verymuddyasaresultoftherain.Wehadtowalkonapathmadebyalineofbricksonthemuddyground.Afriendof2.____________(I)complainedallthewaywhileshesteppedonthebricks3.____________(walk)towardsme.Lookingaroundshesaidvery4.____________(patience),“Disgustingindeed!What5.____________Ifallintothedirtywater？”SinceIknewherverywell,Inoddedcautiously6.____________(comfort)herbymysilentsympathy.Afewminuteslateranotherfriendcame7.____________thesamescene.Shensteppedonthebrickpathdancingbrisklyandsinging,“Jump,jump,jump！”untilshereachedthedryground.Shecouldn’thelpshouting,“8.____________funitis！”Eyesbeamingwithjoy,shemadetheremarks,“Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecan9.____________(entire)befreefromdust.”Intheeyesofthetwothere10.____________(be)twodifferentworlds.Astheworldhasapopulationof7billion,itfollowsthatthereshouldbe7billionworlds.【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆起在尼泊尔发生的一件事：两位朋友在面对雨后泥泞的道路时，看法完全不一样，一位为此而抱怨，一位则为此而欣喜。因此，不同的人眼中的世界是不同的。1．became/hadbecome　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，此处可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；因为“道路变得泥泞”这一动作发生在“sat”之前，所以此处也可用过去完成时。故填became/hadbecome。2．mine　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，作者的一位朋友一路上一直在抱怨，此处应用I的名词性物主代词作介词“of”的宾语。故填mine。3．walking　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语“she”和动词walk之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处应用walk的现在分词形式作状语。故填walking。4．impatiently　解析：考查词性转换。分析词法知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词“said”；根据语境可知，作者的那位朋友很不耐烦地抱怨着，故应用否定形式。故填impatiently。5．if　解析：考查固定搭配。whatif是固定搭配，意为“如果……该怎么办”，符合语境。故填if。6．tocomfort　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，作者点头是为了安慰那位朋友，此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填tocomfort。7．to　解析：考查介词。句意：几分钟之后，作者的另一位朋友来到了同一个地方。cometo意为“来到(某地)”，符合语境。故填to。8．What　解析：考查感叹句。根据句法结构可知，fun是不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导这个感叹句。故填What。注意首字母大写。9．entirely　解析：考查副词。句意：在雨季，最令人高兴的是人们可以完全避开灰尘。此处修饰be动词，故用形容词entire的副词形式，故填entirely。10．were　解析：考查主谓一致和动词的时态。纵观全文时态并结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时；therebe结构后的“twodifferentworlds”为复数概念，所以此处be动词应用一般过去时的复数形式。故填were。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P352(单独成册)]n第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·昆明高三调研)Lions,tigersandotheranimalsarestayingawakeatnight61.____________(avoid)humanbeings,anewstudyfinds.Scientistshaveknownthathumanactivitiescanleadtochangesinnature.Manyanimalsmaymovearoundlessortraveltofarplacestokeepaway62.____________people.Bybeingawakeatnight,animalscanalsobeonguardagainstpossibleenemiesandspendlesstime63.____________(look)forfood.Thelatestresearchfoundevenactivitieslikefarmingandcampingcan64.____________(fright)animalsandcausethemtobecomemoreactiveatnight.65.____________hadbeenstudiedwerelionsinTanzania,tigersinNepalandmonkeysinBrazil.Researcherscompared66.____________(careful)howmuchtimethoseanimalswereactiveatnightinareasofhumanactivities,suchashuntingandfarming.67.____________washumanactivitiesthatcausedanincreaseofabout20percentinnight－timeactivities,evenincreaturesthatusuallysleepatnight.Results68.____________(publish)inthejournalSciencetwomonthsago.Thenewfindingsare69.____________(usual)becausenooneelsehaslookedatitinsuchdetailbefore.EcologistMarleeTuckerwas70.____________(surprise)thatanykindofhumanactivitiesisenoughforanimalstoseepeopleasathreat.【解题导语】　人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。61．toavoid　解析：考查非谓语动词。狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。62．from　解析：考查固定搭配。keepawayfrom...“远离……”，为固定搭配。63．looking　解析：考查固定用法。spendtimedoingsth.“花时间做某事”为固定用法。64．frighten　解析：考查动词。句意：最新研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。65．What　解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且缺少主语，故用what，意为“……的事物”。66．carefully　解析：考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。67．It　解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉____________was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“Itwas＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分．”。n68．werepublished　解析：考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语twomonthsago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。69．unusual　解析：考查形容词。先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。70．surprised　解析：考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语MarleeTucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·济宁一模)DearRachel，I’msogladtohearofyou.Inyourletter，yousaidyouwereinterestingincollectingstamps.Thatsoundswonderfullyascollectingstampsaremyhobbyaswell.So，I’dliketoofferyousomebeautifulChinesestamps.Apartfromcollectingstamps，Ienjoyplantflowersinmysparetime.Astheresult，differentkindsofflowerscanseeninmygarden.Ibenefitalotoffromtakingcareofmyflowers.NotonlycanIdevelopourpersonalinterest，butalsoIamabletoputwhichIhavelearntintopractice.Doyoulikeplantingflowers？Wouldyouliketojoinme?Yours，Sam答案：DearRachel，I’msogladtohearyou.Inyourletter，yousaidyouwereincollectingstamps.Thatsoundsascollectingstampsmyhobbyasnwell.So，I’dliketoofferyousomebeautifulChinesestamps.Apartfromcollectingstamps，Ienjoyflowersinmysparetime.Asresult，differentkindsofflowerscanseeninmygarden.Ibenefitalotfromtakingcareofmyflowers.NotonlycanIdeveloppersonalinterest，butalsoIamabletoputIhavelearntintopractice.Doyoulikeplantingflowers？Wouldyouliketojoinme?Yours，Sam第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·湖南五校高三模拟)假如你是李华，你的笔友David能很好地进行公开演讲，但却不善于与他人交流，因此缺少朋友，经常感到很孤独。请你据此给他写一封电子邮件。内容要点如下：1．对他的情况表示同情；2．建议他加入辩论队或话剧社等社团并说明原因；3．相信他会走出困境。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearDavid，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHuaOnepossibleversion:nDear__David,__I’mgladtohearfromyou.I’mreallysorrytohearyou’refeelinglonely.Hereismyadviceforyou.Haveyouthoughtofusingyourtalenttojointhedebateteamordramaclub,whichwouldbegoodwaysofmeetingnewfriends？Commonhobbiesarethebasisofmakingfriends.What’smore,Iadviseyoutotalktoothersactively.Ifyoutrytalkingtooneortwopeopleeachday,you’llfigureoutwhoisinterestedinbefriendingyou.Afterall,friendshipsstartwithconversations.Ihopethesewillhelpyoutomakemorefriends.AndI’mconvincedthatyouwillgetoutofthetrouble.Yours__sincerely,__Li__Hua