2020版高考英语复习unit13people知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit13people知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit13People课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P293(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·赣州十四县/市联考)Somepeoplearesorude!Whosendsanemailoratextmessagethatjustsays“Thankyou”?Wholeavesavoicemailmessageratherthantextsyou?WhoasksforafacteasilyfoundonGoogle?Don’tthesepeoplerealizethatthey’rewastingyourtime?MaybeI’mtherudeonefornotappreciatinglife’slittlepoliteness.Butmanysocialagreedstandardsjustdon’tmakesensetopeopledrowningindigitalcommunication.Intexts,youdon’thavetodeclarewhoyouareorevensayhello.Email,too,isslowerthanatext.Voicemailisanowimpolitewayoftryingtoconnect.Myfatherlearnedthislessonafterleavingmeadozenvoicemailmessages,noneofwhichIlistenedto.Exasperated，hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls.“Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail？”mysisterasked.“Justtexthim.”Intheageofthesmartphone,thereisnoreasontoaskonceacceptablequestionsabout:theweatherforecast,abusiness’sphonenumber,ordirectionstoahouse,arestaurant,whichcanbeeasilyfoundonGoogleMaps.Butpeoplestillaskthesethings.Andwhenyouanswer,theyrespondwithathankyouemail.Howtohandlethesedifferingstandards?Easy:Consideryouraudience.Somepeople,especiallyolderones,appreciateathankyoumessage.Others,likeme,wantnoreply.Theanthropologist(人类学家)MargaretMeadoncesaidthatintraditionalsocieties,theyounglearnfromtheold.Butinmodernsocieties,theoldcanalsolearnfromtheyoung.Here’shopingthatpolitenessnevergoesoutoffashionbutthattimewastingformsofcommunicationdo.【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Exasperated”meaninthefifthparagraph?nA．Worried.B．Surprised.C．Annoyed.D．Tired.C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句中的“hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls.”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知Exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。2．Whydidn’tthewriterreplytohisfather?A．Helikedtextmessagesbetter.B．Heenjoyedcheckinghisvoicemail.C．Hedidn’treceiveanyvoicemailmessages.D．Hedidn’twanttotalkwithhisfather.A　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail？’mysisterasked.‘Justtexthim.’”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。3．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreeto?A．Peopleneedn’tlearnfromoneanotherintraditionalsocieties.B．Dealingwithvoicemailshouldvarywitheachindividual.C．Peopleneedn’tturntoGoogleforhelpwhenintrouble.D．Declaringwhoyouareorsayinghellointextsisnecessary.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。4．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．Nowadays：WhatShouldWeDowithTextMessages?B．Nowadays：DoYouLikeLeavingOthersaVoiceMessage?C．Nowadays：WhatMeansShouldWeUseinCommunication?D．Nowadays：DoYouNeedaThankyouMessage?C　解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式沟通，故选C项。B(2019·石家庄高三模拟)TooGoodToGoisasmartphoneappwhichallowsrestaurantstosellfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownawayatdiscountpricesfromaslittleas￡2toamaximumof￡3.80,evenifthemealsaresoldfromtheveryfinestrestaurantsinthecountry.OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeedsinJune,theservicehasrecentlybeenintroducedintotheUnitednKingdombyacoupleofyoungentrepreneurs(企业家)．Millionsoftonsoffoodsarethrowninthetrasheveryyear,withrestaurantsaccountingforalargepart,soecoentrepreneursChrisWilsonandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostopfoodwaste.UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.TooGoodToGoisveryconvenientforusers.RestaurantsmakefoodavailableontheTooGoodToGoappandwebsite.Peoplecanlookthroughtheavailabledishesonthesmartphones,payforthemusingacreditcardandpickthemupatasettime,anhourbeforeclosingtime.AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale,itscreatorssaytheendgoalistouseitforrestaurantstosolvetheirwastemanagementproblem,ratherthanmakingaprofit.Wilsonclaims,“Theideaisthatrestaurantsstopproducingtheextrafoodsotheydon’tneedtothrowitawayinthetrash,andwereallywanttoputourselvesoutofbusinessbystoppingfoodwaste.”BirminghamhasbecomethelatestcitywhererestaurantscanreducefoodwastetothelowestlimitbyworkingwiththeTooGoodToGosocialenterpriseapp.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了TooGoodToGo这款手机软件，它可以帮助饭店以较低的价格处理要扔掉的食物，这样既避免了浪费，又给那些需要的人提供了可口的食物。5．WherewasTooGoodToGooriginallylaunched?A．InDenmark.B．InBrighton.C．InBirmingham.D．IntheU．S.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeeds”可知，这款软件最初是在Denmark创造出来，在Brighton和Leeds发起的，故选B项。6．What’stheappintendedtodo?A．Makeaprofitbysellingfoodonthewebsite.B．Allowrestaurantstosellfoodatlowprices.C．Helprestaurantstodealwithleftoverfood.D．Callonrestaurantstosavefoodandmoney.C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“...soecoentrepreneursChrisWilsonandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostopfoodwaste...butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.”可知，n这款软件的目的是阻止食物浪费，不仅帮助饭店节省费用，而且给那些需要的人提供一个低价品尝好菜的机会，故选C项。7．Howdidthecreatorsoftheappmakeprofits?A．Bysellingcopiesoftheapp.B．Bytakingafeefrombuyers.C．Bychargingrestaurantsforeachsale.D．Bygettingdonationsfromentrepreneurs.C　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale”可知，该软件的创造者是通过向饭店的每一单生意收费来赚钱的，因此选C项。8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Peoplecanpaylessmoneyforarichmeal.B．Theappismainlydesignedtohelpthepoor.C．Dishescanbesoldtomakealotofprofits.D．Peoplecangettheirorderedfoodathome.A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“TooGoodToGo...inthecountry.”和第二段中的“UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.”可以推知，由于TooGoodToGo软件的出现，人们可以花比较少的钱吃一顿丰盛的饭，故选A项。C(2019·湖南长沙高三模拟)AnewstudybytheBritishgovernmenthasdiscoveredthementalhealthofthecountry’steenagegirlshasbecomeworse.Thesurvey,whichincluded30，00014yearoldstudentsin2005and2014,showed37percentofgirlswithpsychologicalstress,upfrom34percentin2005.Britishboys’stresslevelwasactuallyseentofalloverthesametimeperiod，from17percentto15percent.Thereport’sauthorspointedoutthe“adventofthesocialmediaage”couldbeamajorcontributingfactorforincreasedstressamongteenageBritishgirls.“Theadolescentyearsareatimeofrapidphysical，cognitive(认知的)andemotionaldevelopment，”PamRamsden,alecturerinpsychologyattheUniversityofBradfordintheUnitedKingdom,wroteinarecentblogpost.“Teenagersinteractnwithpeopleinordertolearnhowtobecomecompetent(有能力的)adults.Inthepast，theywouldengagewithparents，teachersandotheradultsintheircommunityaswellasextendedfamilymembersandfriends.Nowwecanalsoaddsocialmediatothatlistofsocialandemotionaldevelopment.”Throughoutadolescence，girlsandboysdevelopcharacteristicslikeconfidenceandselfcontrol.Sinceteenagebrainshavenotcompletelydeveloped，teensdon’thavethecognitiveawarenessandimpulse(冲动)controltokeepfrompostinginappropriatecontent.Furthermore，thiscontentcaneasilybespreadfarandwidewithdisastrousinfluences.“Socialmediacanalsofeedintogirls’insecuritiesabouttheirappearance，”Ramsdensaid.Thesesitesareoftenfilledwithimagesofpeoplewithbodytypeunattainabletothenormalperson.However，theseimagesandthemessagestiedtothemgraduallybecomesocietalstandards.【解题导语】　一项新研究发现，英国女孩的心理健康状况变得更糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的到来可能是造成英国女孩心理压力加大的主要因素。9．Thestatisticsinthesecondparagraphshowthat__________．A．moreandmorechildreninBritainhavementalhealthproblemsB．fewgirlsinBritainsufferedfrompsychologicalstressin2005C．moreboysinBritainaresufferingfrommentalpressurenowD．moreBritishgirlsfeelpsychologicallystressedthanboysdonowD　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句可知，调查显示，2014年37%的英国女孩有心理压力，而2005年只有34%；根据第二段的第二句可知，同期调查显示，英国男孩有心理压力的从2005年的17%降到2014年的15%。据此可以判断，英国女孩有心理压力的比男孩多，故D项正确。10．Contrarytotraditionalwaysofinteraction,socialmedia________．A．helpsteenagersdevelopqualitieslikeconfidenceandselfcontrolB．hasmanynegativeeffectsongirls’characteristicdevelopment　C．makesteensawareofpotentialdangeroftheinappropriatecontentD．teachesgirlstocareabouttheirappearancetomeetsocietalstandardsB　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句和最后一段第一句的“Socialmediacanalsofeedintogirls’insecuritiesabouttheirappearance”可知，由于青少年的思想还不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒体对英国女孩的心理健康和她们对外表美丑的判断产生了消极的影响。故B项正确。11．Theunderlinedword“advent”inParagraph3canbereplacedbyn“________”．A．arrivalB．endC．disappearanceD．inventionA　解析：词义猜测题。结合该段内容和下文关于传统交流方式和社交媒体的比较可知，报告的作者指出，“社交媒体时代的到来”可能是造成英国女孩心理压力增加的主要因素。据此可知，画线词意为“到来”，故A项正确。D(2019·合肥高三调研性检测)Inoureverydayliveswemeetsituationsinwhichwetakemanythingsforgranted.Weonlytreasurethingswhentheyaregone.Thisisasadtruthofhumannature.Oneday,Ifoundmyselfasawitnesstoasimilarsituation.Oneevening,Ileftworkandboardedthetrain.Afterentering,Inoticedsomethingunusual.Thecenterofthecarhadafewemptyseatswhilebothendswerecrowdedwithpeoplestanding.Ididn’tpaymuchattentionandsatdownononeoftheemptyseats.Isensedafunnysmell.Itwasn’tlongbeforeInoticedahomelesspersonsleepingonthreeseatsinfrontofme.Hewasbleedingfromhisnose.Whywasn’tanyonehelpinghim?Hisclothesweretornandhewasgivingoffastrangesmell.Alongwiththesmell,hiseyesweredull,watery,andred.Occasionallyhescratchedhimselfandpeoplelookedathimasifhehadcommittedacrime.Asthetrainstoppedatstationsandmorepeoplecameintheycoveredtheirnosesandfacedawayfromhim.Alltheseatsaroundhimwereempty.Suddenly,hebegantoswearatthepeoplearoundhim.Aplainclothespoliceofficerwholookedlikeaconstructionworkertookouthiscertificateandshowedittothehomelessman.Theofficer,notwantingtotouchthehomelessman,toldhimhisrightsanddirectedhimtoexitthetrain.Astheofficerwalkedthemanoutofthetrain,thehomelessmanturnedaroundandsaid“MYHOME！”andstartedcrying.Amandoesn’tvaluethingsuntiltheyaregone.Ifhedidn’thaveahome,atleasthehadfreedom.Nowhehasneither.Noonewantstohelpsomeonewhowon’thelphimself.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐火车时，“我”发现了一个流浪汉，他衣衫褴褛，身上散发异味，乘客们避而远之。突然，他开始咒骂他周围的乘客。后来流浪汉被便衣警察带走，他不仅没有家，这一次还失去了自由。n12．Whenenteringthecar,howdidtheauthorfeelatfirst?A．Annoyed.B．Puzzled.C．Sad.D．Calm.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；据此可以判断，“我”感到很困惑，故B项正确。13．Howdidpeoplereacttothehomelessman?A．Theycaughthimandcalledthepolice.B．Theycoveredhimwithcleanclothes.C．Theydislikedandavoidedhim.D．Theystaredathimcuriously.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；根据第三段第三句可知，流浪汉偶尔抓挠自己，人们看着他，好像他曾经犯罪了一样；据此可以判断，人们不喜欢他，避免和他接触，故C项正确。14．Itcanbelearnedthatthepoliceman________．A．wasveryrudetothemanB．sentthemanbacktohishometownC．forcedthemantoleavethecityD．wentoffthetrainwiththemanD　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，警官最后带着这个流浪汉走下了火车，故D项正确。15．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthehomelessman?A．Heisaloseroflife.B．Heisworthourrespect.C．Heisveryfunny.D．Heisafearlessfighter.A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、第三句可知，如果他没有家，至少他还有自由，如今他两个都没有了。据此可以判断，他是一个生活的失败者，故A项正确。七选五(2019·湖北七市联考)Doteenagersknowhowtosleep?Ifyou’retheparentofteens,youmightbelaughingtoyourself.That’salltheyknowhowtodo.Intruth,teensmightnotknowenoughabouthowtosleep,whentosleepandwhy.1.________Justaswefocusonourdietsandexerciseforhealth,weneedtoconsidersleepnecessarytoourmental,physicalandpsychologicalhealth.“Good”sleepissleepnthatislongenoughtoallowyourbraintoremovethesideeffectsofdaytimebrainactivity.Consistentbedtimesandwakeuptimesarethekeytokeepingoursleepcycles.2.________Teensaresocialcreatures,andthemostattractivesocial“gathering”placethesedaysisontheirdigitaldevices.3.________Ideally,weshouldavoidbluelightforatleasthalfanhourbeforebed.Butsocialmediaandhomeworkthatrequiresscreentime,meantoomanykidsarepoweringuptheirdeviceswhentheirbodiesshouldbepoweringdownforthenight.4．________Equallycontributingtosleepissuesareeatingtoolate,takingnaps,andfailingtogetenoughexercise.Inotherwords,thesepeopleneverlearnedhowtosleep.Overtime,poorsleepleadstoadeclineinmood.5.________Significantly,whenIspeaktomyadultpatientswhoarestrugglingwithsleepissues,nearlyallofthemsaytheirsleepproblemsstartedinhighschool.Therefore,Irecommendsleepeducation.Otherwise,wewon’tnecessarilysolvethehealth,safetyandeconomicissuesofsleepyteens.A．Whentheyaredisturbed,oursleepisaffected.B．Goingtobedtoolateisonlyonepartofsleepproblems.C．Beingexposedtobluelightfromourscreensdelayssleep.D．Currentschoolschedulesallowforaboutsevenhoursofsleepanight.E．Italsocontributestoalotofmedicalissues,frombeingfattoheartdisease.F．Laterschoolstarttimereallycontributestomoresleepandimprovedhealth.G．AsfarasI’mconcerned,oneimportantelementismissing：sleepeducation.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了要对青少年进行睡眠教育。1．G　解析：本句位于段落末尾句，要么是段落主题句或是承上启下的过渡句。段落首句提出问题，第二句介绍父母的反应，第四句介绍孩子们的情况，故可推知，空处所在句是提出本段的观点也就是对首句问题的回答，所以选G项。2．A　解析：A项中的代词they指代前句中的“Consistentbedtimesandwakeuptimes”，前后意思连贯，所以选A项。3．C　解析：C项中的screens是空前“digitaldevices”的列举，同时句中的bluelight在空处后句再次出现，这是同义复现。C项“接触来自我们屏幕的蓝光推迟了睡眠”n与空后“理想情况下，我们应该在睡前至少半小时避免蓝光”构成了因果关系，所以选C项。4．B　解析：空后列举了造成睡眠不好的几个方面，由此可见此段主要介绍导致睡眠不好的几种表现形式，所以B项中的“Goingtobedtoolate(睡觉太晚)”也是之一，所以选B项。5．E　解析：E项中的“contributesto”与前句中的“leadsto”是相同的表达，同时also一词更好地体现二者之间的连贯。所以选E项。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P296(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·山西八校第一次联考)Oneday,whilewewerevisitingmyparentsonafarminlatesummer,Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard.Momagreedthatthetreeswere__1__．Likemanyotherparents,minewerehardto__2__for,soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomethingthey’d__3__．Ialsothoughttwowouldbeevenbetter.Icheckedthe__4__atworkanddecideditwasabitmorethanIcould__5__—butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees.InnorthernOhio，youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas,sowedecidedto__6__MomandDadwithaspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground__7__．Weaskedmyauntifshe’dhelpuswiththe“__8__”，andshecalledmyparents__9__tosayshewascomingforaSundayvisit.Thenmysistersandsistersinlawwentinto__10__，planningabigholidayturkeydinner.Onthe__11__Sunday,weallmetatmyhouseand__12__thetreesintoatruck.I__13__asSantaClaus.Whenwearrivedatmyparents’house，Dadwas__14__somethingwaswrongfirst.HeandMomwereamazedwhenwetoldthem__15__wewerethere.WhenChristmas__16__，ofcourse,wecouldn’tgotoourparents’houseemptyhanded,soMomandDadgot__17__presentsthatyear.Almosthalfacenturylater,I__18__drivebytheoldfarmandsmilewhenIseethosebig,handsome__19__andremembergivingaspecial__20__tospecialpeopleatChristmasinOctober.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。1．A.distinctiveB．fragrantC．expensiveD．prettynD　解析：上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“thosebig,handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“与众不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”；expensive“贵的”。2．A.shopB．representC．answerD．careA　解析：根据上文的“Likemanyotherparents，minewerehardto”，下文的“soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomething”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姐妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop“购物”。3．A.deserveB．appreciateC．advertiseD．imagineB　解析：根据上文的“Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard...”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve“值得，应得”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；advertise“为……做广告”；imagine“想象”。4．A.resultB．numberC．priceD．expressC　解析：根据下文的“butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。5．A.affordB．expectC．fancyD．handleA　解析：参见上题解析。6．A.frightenB．assistC．surpriseD．rewardC　解析：从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。7．A.warmedB．frozeC．softenedD．darkenedB　解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“InnorthernOhio,youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas”及“aspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze“结冰”符合语境。soften“变软，软化”。8．A.trickB．purchasenC．choiceD．decorationA　解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局(trick)”。9．A.inadvanceB．intimeC．byaccidentD．onpurposeA　解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(inadvance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。intime“及时”；byaccident“意外地”；onpurpose“故意地”。10．A.serviceB．actionC．effectD．productionB　解析：根据下文的“planningabigholidayturkeydinner”可知，随后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。gointoaction“行动起来”符合语境。gointoservice“投入使用”；gointoeffect“生效”；gointoproduction“投入生产”。11．A.regularB．separateC．givenD．chosenD　解析：根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。regular“惯常的，有规律的”。12．A.sortedB．loadedC．transportedD．transplantedB　解析：根据下文的“thetreesintoatruck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。sort“整理”；transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植”。13．A.dressedupB．passedoffC．lookedonD．startedoutA　解析：根据下文的“asSantaClaus”可知，作者把自己装扮(dressedup)成圣诞老人。passsb./sth.offas...“把……冒充为……”；lookonsb./sth.as...“把……当作……”；startoutas...“以……开始，起初是……”。14．A.delightedB．annoyedC．disappointedD．convincedD　解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“somethingwaswrongfirst”可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced“确信，坚信”符合语境。15．A.whenB．howC．whyD．whetherC　解析：根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。16．A.camearoundB．droppedoutC．turnedupD．drewinnA　解析：根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。comearound“再次出现，再度发生”；dropout“退出”；turnup“出现”；drawin“(白天变得)渐短”。17．A.generousB．additionalC．doubleD．specialC　解析：根据上文的“InnorthernOhio,youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas,sowedecidedto...withaspecialChristmasinOctober”可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。18．A.evenB．justC．onceD．stillD　解析：根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。19．A.farmsB．treesC．trucksD．yardsB　解析：参见上题解析。20．A.congratulationB．giftC．donationD．greetingB　解析：作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presentsthatyear”亦是关键提示。congratulation“祝贺”；donation“捐赠物”；greeting“问候”。语法填空(2019·辽宁五校协作体联考)Areyouateenager1.____________(absorb)inmusic？Ifso,Iwillgiveyouawarning—themusicyoulovecouldendupmakingyoudeaf.More2.____________(specific)，thewayyoulistentothemusicyoulovecouldmakeyoudeaf.Theproblemisheadphones.Inthepast，weplayedmusicoutintotheair.Thenearmuffstyle(耳罩式)headphones3.____________(invent)andwewereabletoplaymusicmuchclosertoourears.Nowwehaveearbuds(耳塞)，whichmanydoctorsthinkare4.____________(bad)thanolderheadphonesbecausetheyplaymusicdirectlyintotheears.Also，earbudsarenotasgoodasblockingoutsidenoise，sopeople5.____________usethemmayturnthevolume6.____________todangerouslevels.What’sthedangerouslevel？Well，it7.____________(depend)onhowlongyouaregoingtolistentothenoise.Very，veryloudsoundscanbedangeroustoyournhearing.Butscary8.____________(true)isthatevenseemingly“normal”noisecanbedangerous9.____________youlistentoitallthetime.Thinkforaminuteabouthowlongyouspend10.____________(listen)toloudnoisewithheadphoneseveryday.Thendosomeresearch.Thereareresourcesonlinetotellyouwhatvolumesaresafe，andforhowlong.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了要注意听音乐的方式，戴耳机听音乐时开很大的音量可能会对听力造成损害。1．absorbed　解析：考查形容词。beabsorbedin...意为“被……吸引住”，符合语境，故填absorbed。2．specifically　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是用副词修饰整个句子。3．wereinvented　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句意可知，headphones与invent之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态；且此处表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。4．worse　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据空后的“thanolderheadphones”可以判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。故填worse。5．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，且先行词为people，故用who/that。6．up　解析：考查介词。turnup为固定搭配，意为“开大，调高(音量、热量等)”。7．depends　解析：考查主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且此处主语为it，故填depends。8．truth　解析：考查名词。空前的scary是形容词，并修饰空处，故填truth。9．if/when　解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，空处引导状语从句，既可表条件也可表时间，故用if/when。10．listening　解析：考查固定搭配。spendtimedoingsth.表示“花时间做某事”，故用listening。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P297(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·太原模拟)Youmayfeelshortofmoneyevenifyouhaveagoodsalary.Thefollowingaresometipson61.____________tosaveyourmoney.First,setgoalstosavemoneyandformmoney－saving62.____________(habit)whilestayingawayfromthosewhowastemoney.Thinktwicebeforeusingmoneyonexpensiveskincareproducts.Second,cutdownyourdailyexpenses.Whengoingtoasupermarket,writedownnwhatyouwanttobuytoavoid63.____________(buy)unnecessarystuff.Girls,64.____________alwaysspendmoneyonclothes,shouldkeep65.____________eyeopenfordiscounts—you’relikelytobuygoodsummerdressinwinterata66.____________(reason)price.Third，economizeyoursociallife.Whenit’syourturntobuyameal,inviteyourfriendstoyourhomeandcookthedinner67.____________(you).Ifyouseparatefromyourboyfriend,you68.____________(suppose)todonatethegiftshesenttoyoutosomecharitiesinstead69.____________throwingthemaway.70.____________(final),youneedtofindotherwaystoearnextramoney.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些节省开支的建议。61．how　解析：考查宾语从句。根据下文可知，本文主要介绍了一些节省开支的建议，即如何节省开支。故填how。62．habits　解析：考查名词的数。habit是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式，意为“养成省钱的习惯”。故填habits。63．buying　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句法知识可知，avoid后应接动词的现代分词形式作宾语。故填buying。64．who　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Girls”，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用who引导该从句。故填who。65．an　解析：考查冠词。keepaneyeopenfor为固定短语，意为“密切注意，留心”，符合语境。故填an。66．reasonable　解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词“a”及空格后的名词“price”可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词“price”，表示“以一个公道的价格”。故填reasonable。67．yourself　解析：考查代词。根据第三点建议可知，要节约社交开支；由此可推知，当轮到你请客吃饭时，你可以邀请朋友到家里来自己做饭给他们吃。故填yourself。68．aresupposed　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。besupposedtodosth.为固定句型，意为“应该做某事”；此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语是“you”，故谓语动词用复数。故填aresupposed。69．of　解析：考查介词。insteadof为固定短语，意为“而不是”。故填of。70．Finally　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用final的副词形式修饰整个句子。故填Finally。注意首字母大写。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。n增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·临沂模拟)Lastweekend,myparentsandIstartearlytovisitmygrandpainthecountrysidewhereisabout80kmaway.Whenwearrived,wesawsomedisheshadbeenpreparingforus.Mygrandpawasmorethanhappytoseemeorhavedinnerwiththem.Asmygrandpaisagoodcook,soweateupallthedeliciousdishes.Afterdinner,helistenedmyreportaboutthelifeinschool.Hetoldmetotakemoreexercisetostayhealth.Healsotoldmetostudyhardlytogetfurthereducationinakeyuniversitytomakethegreatercontributiontoourmotherland.答案：Lastweekend,myparentsandIearlytovisitmygrandpainthecountrysideisabout80kmaway.Whenwearrived,wesawsomedisheshadbeenforus.Mygrandpawasmorethanhappytoseemehavedinnerwith.Asmygrandpaisagoodcook,weateupallthedeliciousdishes.Afterdinner,helistenedmyreportaboutthelifeinschool.Hetoldmetotakemoreexercisetostay.Healsotoldmetostudytogetfurthereducationinakeyuniversitytomakegreatercontributiontoourmotherland.第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·呼和浩特调研)假定你是李华。你打算暑假去美国参加一个国际中学生夏令营活动。请根据下面提示信息用英语写一封咨询信，询问这个夏令营的有关情况。内容包括：1．你打算参加为期几周的夏令营；2．询问开营日期、地点、主要活动和费用。注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearSirorMadam，________________________________________________________________________n________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear__Sir__or__Madam，IamLiHua.Iama17yearoldstudentfromChina.IamplanningtoattendAmerica’sBestSummerCampsduringthesummervacation.Iamwritingtoinquireaboutit.First,Ihavedecidedtojointhe3weeksummercamp.CouldyoutellmewhenitstartsandendssothatIcanplanmytripinadvance?Second,Iamwonderingwherethesummercampwillbeheld.Third,whatactivitiesarewegoingtotakepartinatthecamp?Besides,howmuchshallIpayforit?Iwouldappreciateitifyougivemeareplyatyourearliestconvenience.Yours，Li__Hua